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THE  UNIVERSITY 


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THE 

AMERICAN  CYCLOPAEDIA. 


INDEX. 


A 


GENERAL  AND  ANALYTICAL 

INDEX 

TO  THE 

AMERICAN  CYCLOPAEDIA. 


BY 

The  Rev.  T.  J.  CONANT,  D.  D., 

ASSISTED  BY  HIS  DAUGHTER, 

BLAIDIN  A  CONANT. 


WITH  AH  INDEX  TO  THE  SUPPLEMENTS . 


NEW  YORK: 

D.  APPLETON  AND  COMPANY, 

1,  3,  and  5  BOND  STREET. 

LONDON:  16  LITTLE  BRITAIN. 

1  8  8  4. 


Copyright,  1878,  1884, 

By  D.  APPLETON  AND  COMPANY. 


i;ivf 


TO  THE  READER. 

* 


The  Index  should  be  first  consulted  when  information  is  sought  on  any  subject. 
The  inquirer  will  thus  find  whether  what  he  seeks  is  contained  in  some  leading 
article,  or  in  several  scattered  through  different  volumes,  or  is  incidentally  given  in 
connection  with  another  subject. 

The  plan  of  the  Index  is  as  follows  : 

All  names  of  persons  or  objects  in  connection  with  which  any  information  is 
given,  and  would  naturally  be  sought  in  that  connection,  are  entered  alphabetically, 
the  titles  of  leading  articles  being  distinguished  by  small  capitals,  and  other  en¬ 
tries  by  italics. 

Of  articles  of  much  length  the  leading  divisions  are  entered,  to  facilitate 
reference. 

When  there  are  two  or  more  names,  or  more  than  one  mode  of  spelling  the 
name,  of  the  same  person  or  object,  each  is  entered  in  its  alphabetical  order. 

All  pictorial  representations  of  objects  described  are  entered  by  name  in  their 
proper  connection,  with  the  abbreviation  (ill.)  or  (view)  annexed.  They  are  also 
entered  separately,  where  this  is  deemed  necessary  or  convenient  for  ready 
reference. 

In  the  references  to  the  Cyclopaedia,  the  first  numeral  (Roman)  refers  to  the 
volume,  the  second  and  third  (Arabic)  respectively  to  the  page  and  column,  and 
the  letters,  a,  b,  c,  to  the  first,  second,  or  third  part  of  the  column.  E.  g. :  “  Cotton¬ 
wood ,  tree,  XIII.  711,  2  c  (ill.),”  means  that  what  is  said  of  it  may  be  found,  with 
an  illustration,  in  the  13th  volume,  page  711,  lower  third  of  the  2d  column. 

The  space  at  or  near  the  meeting  of  two  divisions  is  denoted  by  two  letters 
combined  (ab,  or  be),  and  a  special  reference  to  two  or  more  by  the  separate  letters  ; 
as,  “ Myrtus  communis  (botany),  XII.  112,  1  be  (ill.)  “  Sheikh  [shaik],  Bed¬ 
ouin  chief,  II.  450,  2  b,  c  ;  ”  “  Pomfret ,  countess  dowager  of  \  contributions  to  the 
Arundelian  marbles,  I.  798,  2  a,  b,  c.”  * 

When,  in  a  series  of  entries  from  different  articles  under  one  title,  the  number 
of  the  volume  is  omitted,  the  reference  is  to  the  one  last  given. 

*  In  the  multitude  of  such  references  there  may  be  some  few  errors.  The  reader  will  please  look  for 
the  reference  in  the  other  column,  or  another  part  of  the  column,  if  not  found  in  the  one  given. 


i 0  I  355  7 


VI 


TO  THE  READER. 


The  pronunciation  of  foreign  proper  names,  and  of  other  words  which  seem  to 

% 

require  it,  has  been  added  in  brackets  by  Mr.  Francis  A.  Teall,  whose  system  of 
notation  is  subjoined.  The  work  has  passed  through  the  press  under  his  supervis¬ 
ion  ;  and  to  his  familiarity  with  the  contents  of  the  Cyclopaedia,  his  ready  memory, 
and  excellent  judgment,  it  is  greatly  indebted  for  its  accuracy  and  completeness. 

The  Index  has  also  to  some  extent  been  made  a  supplement  to  the  Cyclopaedia 
by  additional  information  parenthetically  inserted.  Thus,  where  a  person  noticed 
in  it  has  died  since  its  close,  the  year  of  his  death  is  generally  noted.  Where  one 
has  attained  to  higher  office,  or  met  with  any  great  change  of  fortune,  that  fact  is 
usually  indicated.  In  many  instances  persons  of  some  prominence  are  only  inci¬ 
dentally  mentioned  in  the  Cyclopaedia,  in  connection  with  the  topics  with  which 
their  names  are  associated.  Generally,  where  biographical  notices  of  such  persons 
could  be  found,  the  briefest  possible  statement  of  the  leading  facts  has  been 
inserted  ;  often  the  dates  of  birth  and  death  alone  are  given,  where  nothing  more 
appeared  to  be  essential.  - 

Occasionally  a  discrepancy  will  be  observed  between  an  entry  in  the  Index  and 
the  place  referred  to  in  the  Cyclopaedia.  In  such  case  the  former  is  to  be  under¬ 
stood  as  a  correction.  The  innumerable  causes  and  sources  of  error,  familiar  to  all 
who  have  had  to  do  with  so  immense  an  undertaking  as  the  construction  of  a 
cyclopaedia,  make  it  impossible  that  some  should  not  escape  detection  in  its  prog¬ 
ress.  They  will  generally  be  found  trifling  in  form,  though  sometimes  large  in 
effect,  such  as  the  accidental  change  of  a  single  letter  converting  one  word  into 
another. 

The  collating  from  different  articles  of  passages  relating  to  the  same  topic  has 
in  a  few  instances  prominently  disclosed  another  source  of  discrepancies  which, 
unexplained,  have  the  appearance  of  errors  resulting  from  carelessness.  In  the 
article  on  engraving  a  celebrated  German  artist  is  mentioned  as  Christian  Friedrich 
von  Muller,  who  in  the  special  article  upon  his  father  (Johann  Gotthard)  and  him¬ 
self  is  called  Johann  Friedrich  Wilhelm.  In  seeking  an  explanation  of  this,  it  was 
found  that  precisely  the  same  difference  exists  in  the  corresponding  articles  of 
Meyer’s  Monversations-Lexikon ,  of  later  date  than  the  Cyclopaedia  articles  ;  while 
in  Pierer’s  JJniversal-Lexikon  he  is  called  “Christian  (Joh.)  Friedrich  Wilhelm.” 
Again,  in  the  article  on  Agra,  it  is  said  that  the  Taj  Mahal  was  built  by  Shah 
Jehan  as  a  mausoleum  for  himself  and  his  wife  ISToor  Mahal ;  while  in  that  on.  India 
Nourmahal  (the  same  name  in  another  form)  appears  as  the  wife  of  his  father 
Jehanghir.  A  search  showed  that  the  large  universal  gazetteers,  which  the  writer 
of  the  former  article  naturally  followed,  contain  the  statement  there  given  ;  but 
the  writer  on  India  followed  more  accurate  historical  authorities.  In  the  Index, 
under  Moor  Mahal,  the  true  version  is  succinctly  given. 


TO  THE  READER. 


Vll 


i 


KEY  TO  PRONUNCIATION. 

1.  a,  e,  i,  6,  ti,  a.  8,  i,  o,  u — the  ordinary  English  long  and  short  sounds  of  the  vowels,  as  in 
mate ,  mete,  mite ,  mote,  mute ,  bat,  bet,  bit ,  bot,  but.  Most  of  these  marks  are  sparingly  used, 
as  in  general  the  position  of  the  vowel  sufficiently  indicates  its  proper  sound. 

2.  4 — Italian  a,  as  in  far,  father,  but  frequently  shorter. 

8.  6 — German  o,  occurring  also  in  Hungarian,  Swedish,  and  Danish  (#).  It  represents  the 
diphthong  oe,  and  its  sound  has  no  equivalent  in  English.  It  is  an  intimate  blending  of  the 
sounds  of  a  in  mate  or  e  in  met  and  u  in  but.  Its  long  and  short  sounds  may  be  approximately 
represented  thus,  the  small  letter  in  each  case  indicating  the  subordinate  element :  gauh'-teh, 
Goethe;  t&up'-lits,  Toplitz  (with  which  the  form  Teplitz  is  interchangeable).  The  French  and 
Dutch  eu  approaches  the  sound  of  b,  but  is  very  nearly  represented  by  u  or  uh. 

4.  oo — representing  the  u  of  most  other  languages,  the  French  ou,  the  Dutch  oe,  and  the 
Portuguese  and  Swedish  o  final — is  most  commonly  short,  as  in  booh ;  but  in  certain  positions, 
easily  determined  by  the  ear,  as  at  the  end  of  an  accented  syllable,  it  is  long,  as  in  woo. 

5.  ow — representing  au  in  other  languages  (except  French),  ou  in  Dutch,  ao  in  Portuguese, 
and  approximately  ao  in  Spanish  and  aou  in  French — is  pronounced  like  ow  in  coio  and  ou  in 
out. 

6.  u — German  and  Hungarian  u,  French  u,  and  Danish  and  Swedish  y.  These  are  usually 
so  nearly  alike  in  sound  that  they  are  represented  by  the  same  character;  there  is  no  corre¬ 
sponding  sound  in  English.  The  German  u  stands  for  the  diphthong  ue  (formerly  id),  and  its 
pronunciation  is  a  close  union  of  the  sounds  of  u  in  mute  and  i  in  bit  or  e  in  mete ;  thus: 
muil'-ler,  Muller;  bue'-lo,  Billow.  It  sometimes  runs  almost  wholly  into  the  second  element 
(i  or  e).  The  French  u,  however,  invariably  approaches  the  sound  indicated  in  the  first  exam¬ 
ple  ;  but  it  is  more  simple,  and  may  perhaps  be  said  to  consist  of  the  first  part  of  the  diph¬ 
thongal  sound  of  the  English  u,  as  in  mute — that  is,  with  the  sound  stopped  before  the  full 
enunciation  of  the  final  oo  element  of  that  letter. 

V.  &Dg,  ang,  ong,  ung,  &c. — French  and  Portuguese  nasal  vowels.  The  ng  is  small  to  indicate 
that  it  represents  no  actual  sound,  but  simply  the  mode  of  uttering  the  vowel.  This  may  be 
illustrated  by  pronouncing  bang,  song,  rung  without  touching  the  soft  palate  'with  the  upper 
part  of  the  tongue,  thus  producing  the  nasal  effect  without  the  distinct  sound  of  ng. 

8.  ch — representing  the  Spanish  ch ,  German  tsch ,  Hungarian  cs,  the  cz  of  some  Slavic  lan¬ 
guages,  the  Italian  c  before  e  and  i ,  &c. — sounds  like  ch  in  church. 

9.  ch,  kh — German  guttural  ch,  Spanish  j  and  g  (before  e  or  i ),  and  (sometimes)  x,  &c.  This 
sound  consists  in  the  pronunciation  of  h  in  the  throat  (the  organs  being  nearly  closed)  as  a  true 
consonant  rather  than  as  a  mere  breathing.  The  roughening  or  rasping  effect  thereby  produced 
is  indicated  by  the  small c  and  k,  the  former  after  a,  e,  i ,  o,  it,  du,  eu,  l,  &c.  (where  the  sound 
approaches  that  of  sh ,  but  must  be  carefully  distinguished  from  it  by  keeping  the  lower  part 
of  the  tongue  depressed),  the  latter  in  an  initial  syllable  or  after  a,  o,  u,  au.  In  German  g 
final  is  also  guttural,  but  in  burg  and  somd  similar  terminal  syllables  it  has  been  deemed  pre¬ 
ferable  to  leave  it  unmarked. 

10.  gh. — The  h  is  added  to  show  that  the  g  is  hard,  as  in  get.  In  certain  cases  h  is  omitted, 
but  when  used  in  pronunciation  g  is  always  hard. 

11.  ly,  ny,  py,  &c. — In  these  combinations  the  two  letters  are  to  be  sounded  together  in  one 
breath,  like  li  in  folio ,  ni  in  union,  &c. 

12.  th — the  sharp  sound  of  th,  as  in  thin,  representing  the  Spanish  c  before  e  or  i,  z,  Ac. 
(In  Spanish  America  c  and  z  generally  have  the  sound  of  sharp  s.) 

13.  th — the  flat  sound  of  th,  as  in  this ,  representing  the  Spanish  d ,  &c. 

14.  y’ — the  liquid  element  in  many  French  and  Hungarian  terminal  syllables,  constituting 
an  indistinct,  vanishing  sound  of  y,  in  combination  with  that  of  the  preceding  vowel  or  conso¬ 
nant. 

15.  Titles  of  which  the  pronunciation  is  not  given  are  to  be  pronounced  either  according 


TO  THE  READER. 


•  •  • 

Vlll 

to  the  marking  of  a  preceding  title  of  the  same  or  similar  form,  or  to  the  most  obvious  English 
analogy. 

Accentuation. — Only  the  primary  syllabic  accent  of  words  is  marked,  as,  where  a  secon¬ 
dary  accent  is  required,  the  ear  is  nearly  always  a  sufficient  guide  to  its  proper  position  when  the 
former  is  known.  Sometimes  the  pronunciation  of  Greek  and  Latin  names  and  technological 
terms  is  indicated  by  an  accent  alone.  It  may  be  well  to  remark  that  in  these  every  vowel  or 
diphthong  makes  a  separate  syllable;  as  Hylob'ates  (hl-lob'-a-teez).  In  French  words  and 
names  no  accentuation  is  indicated,  since  in  that  language  it  is  not  determinate,  but  depends 
upon  the  exigencies  of  utterance.  Thus  a  word  of  several  syllables,  when  making  part  of  a 
sentence,  may,  under  differing  circumstances,  have  each  syllable  alternately  accentuated,  or 
possibly  none  of  them,  each  being  spoken  with  equal  force,  and  the  whole  stress  of  the  sen¬ 
tence  placed  upon  the  culminating  word.  When  spoken  singly,  however,  or  in  connection 
with  another  language,  some  accent  is  inevitable ;  and  this  usually  falls  upon  the  last  syllable 
when  it  ends  in  a  consonantal  or  a  strong  vowel  sound,  and  is  preceded  by  syllables  ending  in 
similar  or  weaker  sounds.  In  other  cases  euphony  generally  requires  that  the  accent  shall  be 
placed  at  one  or  two  (rarely  if  ever  more)  removes  from  the  end.  But  on  whichever  syllable 
it  falls,  all  the  others  must  be  distinctly  (however  rapidly)  enunciated,  the  slurring  of  unem- 
phatic  syllables,  common  in  English  and  other  languages  of  strong  accent,  being  inadmissible 
in  French. 

Division  into  Syllables. — In  respelling  words  for  pronunciation,  deviations  from  the  rules 
of  division  in  foreign  languages  have  frequently  been  rendered  necessary  by  the  requirements 
of  English  analogy. 


GENERAL  INDEX 


TO 

THE  AMERICAN  CYCLOPAEDIA. 


A 

A,  a  letter,  I.  1.  Sounds  of,  1  b.  Cicero’s 
dislike  of,  ib.  As  a  numeral,  ib.  Domini¬ 
cal  letter,  1  c.  In  logic,  ib.  In  ancient  in¬ 
scriptions,  ib.  On  medals  and  coins,  ib.  In 
medical  prescriptions,  2  a.  On  bills  of  ex¬ 
change,  ib.  Chemical  abbreviation,  ib.  In 
the  musical  scale,  ib. 

Aa  [a],  name  of  several  rivers,  I.  1. 

Aahmes  I.  (or  Amasis),  Egyptian  king,  I.  386, 
2  c. 

Aachen  [4'-khen] :  see  Aix-la-Chapelle,  I. 
223.  Aachen-Munich  fire  insurance  com¬ 
pany,  ib. ;  savings  bank,  ib. 

Aalbobg-  [awl'-borg],  seaport,  I.  1. 

Aalen  [a'-len],  town,  I.  2. 

Aali  Pasha  [a'-le  pa-sha'],  Turkish  statesman, 

I.  2. 

Aalst  [alst] :  see  Aelst. 

Aalten  [al'-ten],  town,  I.  2. 

Aab,  or  Aare  [ar,  a'-reh],  river,  I.  2. 

Aaeau  [a' -row],  town,  I.  2 ;  peace  of,  ib. 

Aaed-vaek  [ard'-vark],  animal,  I.  3  (ill.). 

Aaed-wolf  [ard'-woolf],  animal,  I.  3  (ill.). 

Aare :  see  Aab. 

Aaegatj  [ar'-gow],  canton,  I.  3. 

Aaehuus  [or'-hooce],  seaport,  I.  4. 

Aaeon  [a'-run],  first  Hebrew  high  priest,  I. 
4.  Physician  of  the  7th  century,  and  first 
who  mentions  the  smallpox,  ib. 

Aaron's  rod ,  a  plant,  XIV.  751,  2  a. 

Aaesens,  Frans  van  [ar'-sence],  diplomatist, 
I.  4. 

Aasen,  Ivar  Andreas  [aw '-sen],  philologist,  1. 4. 

1 


ABBAS  I. 

Aasvae  [awce'-vair],  islands,  I.  4. 

Ab,  Hebrew  month,  I.  4. 

Abab'deh,  or  Ababdie,  African  tribes,  I.  4. 

Ab'aco,  Great,  an  island,  I.  4. 

Ab'aous,  in  architecture,  I.  5 ;  I.  656,  1  c. 
Cupboard,  ib.  Templar’s  staff,  ib.  Calcula¬ 
ting  machine,  ib. 

Abad  [a-bad'],  name  of  Moorish  kings,  I.  5. 

Abad'don  :  see  Apollyon. 

Ab'adite  dynasty ,  end  of,  I.  5,  2  a. 

AbaditeSy  Arab  natives  of  Oman,  XII.  625, 
2  a. 

Ab'aka  IvnAN,  Mongol  king,  I.  5. 

Ab'ana,  river,  I.  5 ;  II.  295,  1  a;  V.  651,  2  b. 

Abancouet,  Charles  Xavier  Joseph  d’  [da- 
bang-koor],  minister  of  Louis  XVI.,  I.  5. 

Abano,  Pietro  d’  [da'-ba-no],  philosopher,  I.  5. 

Abae'banel  :  see  Abeavanel. 

Abae'ca,  Joaquin,  Spanish  bishop,  I.  5. 

Abaeim',  mountain,  I.  5. 

Abascal',  Jos6  Fernando,  Spanish  statesman, 
I.  5. 

Abas' inum,  Roman  town,  I.  20,  2  a  (Abexs- 
beeg). 

Abate' ment,  in  law :  see  Disseisin.  Abate¬ 
ment  of  a  legacy,  X.  317,  1  a. 

Abattoir  [ab-a-twar'],  for  the  New  York  mar¬ 
ket,  IX.  611,  1  c. 

Abauzit,  Firmin  [a-bo-ze],  theologian,  I.  6. 

Abbadie,  Jacques  [a-ba-de],  theologian,  I.  6. 
Antoine  Thomson  and  Arnaud  Michel  d’ 
[da-ba-de],  explorers,  1  b. 

Abbas'  I.,  the  Great,  shah  of  Persia,  I.  6. 


2 


ABBA  SALAMA 


ABEGG 


Abba  Salama  (Andraos),  bishop  of  Abyssinia, 

I.  48,  2  b. 

Abbas'  ben  Abd-el-Mot'talib,  uncle  of  Mo¬ 
hammed,  I.  6.  See  Abbassides. 

Abbas  Mirza  [meer'-za],  Persian  prince  and 
warrior,  I.  6. 

Abbas  Pasha  [pa-sha'],  viceroy  of  Egypt,  I.  7 ; 
VI.  767,  1  b. 

Abbassides  [ab'-bas-sids],  caliphs  of  the  third 
Mohammedan  dynasty,  I.  7.  Its  founder,  ib. 
Its  last  caliph,  1  c. 

Abbatucci  [a-ba-tii-se ;  Ital.  ab-ba-toot'-che], 
Jacques  Pierre,  French  general,  I.  7.  Charles, 

1  c.  Jacques  Pierre  Charles,  diplomatist, 

2  a. 

Abbaye  aux  homines  [a-ba  o  zum],  church,  now 
church  of  St.  fitienne,  III.  539,  2  c. 

Abbaye  aux  femmes  [o  fain],  church,  now 
church  of  Saint  Trinity,  III.  539,  2  c. 
Abbayes  des  savants  [a-ba  da  sa-vang],  sinecures 
for  scholars,  &c.,  I.  7,  2  c. 

Abbe  [a-ba],  French  for  abbot,  I.  7.  Abbes 
commendataires  [a-ba  kfih-mang-da-tair],  2  c. 
Abbe  de  la  Tour  [dull  la  toor],  pseudonyme,  IV. 
322,  2  be. 

Abbeoku'ta,  or  Abeakutah,  city,  I.  7.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  8,  1  b.  Religion,  1  c.  Christian 
missions,  ib.  Opposition  to  slavery,  ib. 
Ab'bess,  I.  8. 

Abbeville  [a-bhh-veel  or  ab-veel],  town,  I. 

8. 

Ab'beville,  county,  I.  8. 

Abbey ,  as  distinguished  from  a  priory,  &c.,  XI. 
734,  1  c. 

“  Abbey  of  Bataille :  ”  see  Hastings,  VIII. 
507,  2  a. 

Abbey  of  K or vei,  X.  47,  2  b.  Its  literary  trea¬ 
sures,  ib. 

Abbo  Cer'nuus,  or  Abbon  the  Crooked,  I.  8. 
Abbo  Floriacen'sis,  or  Abbon  of  Fleury,  I.  8. 
Abbot,  title,  I.  8. 

Abbot,  Abiel,  D.  D.,  I.  8. 

Abbot,  Benjamin,  LL.  D.,  I.  9. 

Abbot,  Charles,  Lord  Colchester,  I.  9. 

Abbot,  George,  archbishop,  I.  9. 

Abbot,  Gorham  Dummer,  LL.  D.,  teacher  and 
author,  I.  9.  (Died  1874.) 

Abbot,  Samuel,  merchant,  patron  of  Andover 
seminary,  I.  9. 

Abbot  female  academy ,  I.  481,  1  c. 

Abbot  Gerold,  builder  of  the  Devil’s  bridge,  VI. 
57,  1  a. 

Abbot  Joachim ,  religious  enthusiast,  alluded  to, 

II.  478,  2  b. 


Abbot  of  unreason ,  at  an  English  Christmas, 
IV.  551,  2  a. 

Abbotsford,  seat  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  I.  9 
(ill.);  XIV.  708,  2  a. 

Abbots-Langley,  parish,  I.  10. 

Abbott,  family  of  American  writers.  Jacob, 

I.  10.  John  Stephens  Cabot,  2  a  (died  1877). 
Gorham  D. :  see  Abbot.  Benjamin  Vaughan, 
2  b.  Austin,  2  c.  Lyman,  ib.  Edward, 

II,  1  b. 

Abbott,  Charles,  Lord  Tenterden,  I.  11 ;  II. 
533,  2  c. 

Abbreviations,  I.  11. 

Abd,  initial  word  in  Semitic  proper  names,  I. 

12. 

Abd-allah ,  meaning  of,  I.  12,  2  a. 

Abdal'lah  ben  Abd-el-Mot'talib,  father  of 
Mohammed,  I.  12. 

Abdallah  ben  Zobair',  I.  12. 

Abdallah  ibn  Yasim ,  founder  of  a  Moslem  dy¬ 
nasty,  I.  345,  2  b;  its  overthrow,  2  c. 
Abd-el- Caaba,  name  of  the  first  caliph,  I.  41, 
1  c  (Abubekr). 

Abd-el-Halim  [-ha-leem'],  Egyptian  prince,  I. 
13. 

Abd-el-Hamid  [-ha-meed'],  adopted  name  of  a 
French  traveller,  I.  13. 

Abd-el-Kader  [-ka'-der],  Arab  emir,  soldier, 
and  writer,  I.  13. 

Abd-el- Wahab  [-wa-hab'],  founder  of  a  Mos¬ 
lem  sect,  I.  14. 

Abde'ra,  ancient  city,  I.  14. 

Abd-er-Bah' man,  meaning  of,  I.  12,  2  a. 
Abderrahman  I.,  caliph  of  Cordova,  I.  14. 
Abderrahman,  sultan  of  Morocco,  I.  14.  Af¬ 
ghan  poet,  163,  1  a. 

Ab’diah ,  Samuel  ben ,  Jewish  soldier  and  poet, 
VIII.  595,  2  a. 

Ab'dias,  supposititious  author,  I.  14. 
Abdication,  of  a  throne,  I.  15  ;  memorable 
examples  of  it,  ib. 

Abdo'men,  I.  15. 

Abdominal  typhus,  in  German  writers,  VII. 
167,  2  ab. 

Abdul-Aziz  [ab-dool-a-zeez'],  Turkish  sultan, 
I.  16;  XVI.  59,  1  ab.  (Deposed  May  30, 
1876;  died  soon  afterward.) 

Abdul-Medjid  [-med-jeed'],  Turkish  sultan,  I. 
16. 

Abeceda'rians,  fanatic  sect  of  religionists,  1. 17. 
A’Beoket,  Gilbert  Abbott,  humorist,  I.  17. 
Abeel',  David,  D.  D.,  clergyman,  I.  17. 

Abegg,  Julius  Friedrich  Heinrich  [a'-beg],  ju¬ 
rist,  I.  17. 


ABEL 


ABRAVANEL 


3 


A'bkl,  second  son  of  Adam,  I.  17.  Abelites, 
a  sect,  ib. 

Abelard,  or  Ab'ailard,  Pierre  [Fr.  2,-ba-lar], 
philosopher,  I.  17.  Abelard  and  St.  Bernard, 
II.  573,  2  c.  On  miracles,  XI.  625,  1  b.  His 
school  at  Melun,  1. 17,  2  c ;  XI.  375,  2  a.  See 
IIeloise. 

Abel  de  Pujol,  Alexandre  Denis  [a-bel  duh 
pii-zhul],  painter,  I.  17.  Adrienne  Marie 
Louise  Grandpierre  Deverzy,  2  b. 

Abele',  tree,  XIII.  712,  2  b  (ill.). 

A'belites,  Abe'lians,  Abelo'nians,  or  Abel'- 
onites,  sect,  I.  19. 

Abelmos' chus :  see  Okra. 

Aben,  Aven,  Ebn,  Ibn,  Arabic  patronymic  pre¬ 
fix,  I.  19. 

Abenaquis  [ab-e-na -keez],  or  Abnakis,  Indian 
tribes,  1. 19.  Their  language,  20,  1  a ;  XIII. 
2  a  (Penobscots). 

Abencerra'ges,  Moorish  family,  I.  20. 

Abendberg  [a'-bent-bairg],  mountain,  I.  20. 
Asylum  for  cretins,  ib.  See  Cretins. 

Aben  Ezra,  or  Abraham  ben  Meir  ben  Ezra, 
Jewish  scholar,  I.  20. 

Abensberg  [a'-bence-bairg],  town,  I.  20. 

Aber-Hondey :  see  Brecknock,  borough,  III. 
242,  1  c. 

Aberbrothwick  [ab-er-broth'-ick] :  see  Ar¬ 
broath.  Aberbrothock,  ib. 

Ab'ercrombie,  James,  general,  I.  20. 

Abercrombie,  John,  physician,  I.  20. 

Abercromby,  Sir  Ralph,  general,  I.  20. 

Aberdare',  town,  I.  21. 

Aberdeen',  New,  I.  21  (ill.).  Marisclial  col¬ 
lege,  1  c.  University  of  Aberdeen,  2  c. — Old, 
22,  1  a.  King’s  college,  ib. 

Aberdeen,  Earls  of,  I.  22. 

Aberdeen'shire,  county,  I.  22. 

Aberdevine  [a-ber'-de-vine],  bird,  I.  23. 

Ab'ernethy,  John,  surgeon,  I.  23. 

Aberra'tion,  I.  23.  Aberration  of  light,  ib. 
(ill.)  ;  discovered,  III.  181,  1  c.  Aberration 
in  optical  instruments,  I.  24,  1  be  (ill.). 

Aberyst'with,  seaport  town,  I.  24. 

Abeyance  [a-ba'-ance],  law  term,  I.  24. 

Ab'gar  (or  Abgarus),  king  of  Armenia,  I.  724, 
1  a ;  reputed  letter  to  Jesus,  ib.  and  2  b. 

Abiad',  Bahr  el :  see  Kile. 

Abi'athar,  Hebrew  high  priest,  I.  25. 

A'bib,  Hebrew  month,  I.  25. 

Abicii,  Wilhelm  Hermann  [a'-bich],  naturalist, 
I.  25. 

Abies  [ii'-be-eez],  (botany),  fir,  VII.  207,  2  be. 
A.  balsamea,  208,  1  a  (ill.),  and  other  spe¬ 


cies. — Spruce,  XV.  290,  2  be.  A.  nigra,  2  c 
(ill.);  A.  excelsa,  291,  2  c  (ill.),  and  other 
species.  A.  Canadensis  (for  hedges),  VIII. 
604,  2  c  ;  630,  2  a. 

Abim'elech,  Philistine  king,  I.  25.  Hebrew 
king,  ib. 

Abinger,  James,  lord  [ab'-in-jer],  lawyer,  I.  25. 
Ab'ington,  Frances,  actress,  I.  25. 

Abiogenists ,  XIV.  235,  2  be ;  their  assertions 
opposed  by  experiments,  ib. 

Abipo'nes,  Indian  tribe,  I.  26. 

Abjura'tion,  Oath  of,  I.  26. 

Abkiia'sia,  or  Abchasia,  I.  26. 

Ablu'tion,  religious,  I.  26. 

Ab'ner,  Hebrew  warrior,  I.  26. 

o 

Abo  (Swed.  Abo ,  o'-bo),  city,  I.  27.  Peace  of, 
ib. 

Abo-Bjorneborg  [o-bo-byor'-neh-borg],  Fin¬ 
land,  I.  27. 

Abolitionists  (a  political  party),  I.  105,  1  a. 

See  Slavery. 

Abolla:  see  A vo la. 

Aboma'sum ,  digestive  cavity  of  ruminant  ani¬ 
mals,  XIV.  767,  2  c. 

Abomey  [a-bo-ma'J,  capital  of  Dahomey,  I.  27. 
Aborigines  [ab-o-rij'-e-neez] :  see  American 
Indians. 

Abortion,  in  criminal  law,  1.  26.  In  obstetrics, 
XII.  569,  1  be. 

Aboukir  [a-boo-keer'],  Egyptian  port,  I.  30. 

Battle  of,  ib. ;  XII.  220,  1  c. 

About,  Edmond  [a-boo],  author,  I.  30. 

Aboyne  castle  [a-boin'],  I.  23,  1  a. 
Abracadab'ra,  magical  word,  I.  30 ;  X.  847, 
1  a. 

A'braham:  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  582,  2  b. 
Abraham ,  heights  of:  see  Wolfe,  XVI.  697,  1 
c.  Called  plains  of  Abraham,  XIV.  139, 1  c ; 
140,  1  b ;  143,  1  c ;  XVI.  153,  2  c. 

Abraham  a  Sancta  Clara,  preacher,  I.  31. 
Abramis  brama  (ichthyology),  III.  240,  2  a;  ill., 

1  c. 

Abranchia  (order  of  amphibia),  I.  435,  2  c. 
Abrantes  [a-brang'-tes],  Portuguese  town,  I. 
31. 

Abrantes  [a-brang-tace],  Andoche  Junot,  duke 
of,  soldier,  I.  31.  Laure  Permon  Junot, 
duchess  of,  2  b.  Napoleon  Andoche  Junot, 
duke  of,  32,  1  c.  Adolphe  Alfred  Michel 
Junot,  duke  of,  1  c.  Josephine  Junot  d’,  1  c. 
Constance  Junot  d’,  2  a. 

Abrav'anel,  Abrafianel,  or  Abarbanel,  Isaao 
ben  Judah,  Jewish  author,  I.  32.  Leone, 

2  c. 


4 


ABRAXAS 


/ 


ACADIA 


Abrax'as,  mystical  word,  I.  32  ;  II.  364,  1  a. 
Abrolhos  [a-bro'-lyoce],  islets,  III.  218,  1  c ; 
225,  2  ab;  226,  1  a.  Abrolhos  whale  fish¬ 
ery,  767,  2  be. 

Abruzzo,  or  the  Abruzzi  [a-broot'-so,  -se],  Ap- 
ennine  provinces,  I.  33.  Abruzzo  Citeriore, 

1  ab.  Abruzzo  Ulteriore  I.,  1  b.  Abruzzo 
Ulteriore  II.,  1  c. 

Ab'salom,  son  of  King  David,  I.  33. 

Absalon,  or  Axel,  statesman,  soldier,  and  ec¬ 
clesiastic,  I.  33. 

Abscess,  I.  33.  Mistaken  for  aneurism,  491, 

2  b.  In  inflammation,  IX.  276,  2  b.  Spinal, 
psoas,  and  lumbar  abscess,  XV.  268,  2  ab. 

Abscis'sa ,  in  analytic  geometry,  I.  456,  1  a. 
Ab'sinth,  or  Wormwood,  I.  34. 

Absinthe  [Fr.  ab-sangt],  I.  34,  1  b.  Effects  on 
the  animal  system,  ib. 

Absinthine  [ab-sin'-thin],  I.  34,  1  b. 

Ab'solon,  John,  painter,  I.  34. 

Ab'solute,  in  philosophy,  I.  34;  XIII.  442,  1 
be,  ff.  See  Fichte,  and  Hegel. 
Absolution,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church, 
I.  35,  XIV.  393,  2  b ;  in  the  Episcopal  and 
Lutheran  churches,  I.  35,  1  b. 

Absorp'tion,  I.  35.  Absorption  of  gases  by 
solids  and  liquids,  37,  2  a.  Absorption  of 
heat,  38,  1  a.  Absorption  of  light,  1  c.  Ab¬ 
sorption  spectrum,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Absorption ,  in  digestion,  VI.  104,  2  a. 
Absorption  bands ,  in  the  spectrum,  I.  38,  2  b. 
Abstinence,  from  food,  I.  39.  Effects  and 
result  of  prolonged  abstinence,  2  c. 
Abstinence ,  religious,  distinguished  from  fast¬ 
ing,  VII.  93,  1  b. 

Abstinence,  Total:  see  Total  Abstinence. 
Abstrich  [ap'-strich],  in  smelting,  X.  260,  1  c. 
Abt,  Franz  [apt],  composer,  I.  41. 

Abttbekr  [a-boo-bekrv],  first  caliph,  I.  41. 

His  tomb,  XI.  353,  1  a. 

Abu  Hanifah  :  see  Hanifah. 

Abul  Abbas  as-Sqfeh  [a'-bool  ab-bas'  as-safi- 
fa],  founder  of  the  third  Modern  dynasty,  I. 
7,  1  b  (Abbassides). 

Abulajia ,  Abraham  ben  Samuel ,  Spanish  rabbi, 
author  of  the  cabalistic  bible,  III.  521,  1  c. 
Abul-Casim  [a'-bool  ka-seem'] :  see  Albuca- 

SIS. 

Abul  Fazl ,  vizier  and  writer,  I.  226,  1  a. 
Abulfara'gius,  or  Abulfaraj,  Mar  Gregorius, 
Syriac  and  Arabic  writer,  I.  41. 

Abulfaraj  [a-bool-fa-raj'] :  see  Abulfaragius. 
Abulfeda,  Ismail  ibn  Ali  [a-bool-fed'-a],  Mos¬ 
lem  prince  and  writer,  I.  41. 


Abul  Hassan  [a'-bool  has-san'] :  see  Judah, 
Hallevi. 

Abuna  salamah  [a-boo'-na  sa-la-ma'],  title  of 
the  bishop  of  Abyssinia,  I.  45,  2  c ;  V.  331, 
1  a ;  VIII.  97,  1  a. 

Abu  Sambul  [&'-boo  sam-bool'] :  see  Ipsambul. 

Abu  Seid  of  Seraj  [sa-eed'J,  hero  of  the  Maka~ 
mat,  VIII.  462,  2  c. 

Abu  Siiehr  [shair] :  see  Bushire. 

Abusimbel :  see  Ipsambul. 

Abu  Temam  [ta-mam'],  Arabic  poet,  I.  41. 

Aby'dos,  city  of  Asia  Minor,  I.  41.  City  of 
Upper  Egypt,  42,  1  ab ;  bass-relief  at  (ill.), 
ib. ;  tablet  of,  ib. 

Ab'yla,  I.  42  ;  IV.  218,  2  ab.  See  Calpe,  and 
VIII.  679,  2  c. 

Abyssin'ia,  I.  42.  Population,  2  c.  Physical 
geography,  ib.  Agriculture,  44,  1  be.  Ge¬ 
ology,  1  c.  Animals,  2  c.  Vegetation,  45, 

1  c.  Political  divisions,  ib.  Inhabitants, 

2  a.  History,  2  b.  View  near  Magdala  (ill.), 
43.  Hill  fort  (ill.),  44.  Abyssinian  warriors 
(ill.),  46.  Burning  of  Magdala  (ill.),  47. — Lan¬ 
guages,  VI.  750,  2  c;  752,  2  b. 

Abyssinian  CnuRcn,  I.  48.  Catholic  and  Prot¬ 
estant  missionaries,  2  a.  Doctrines  and  dis¬ 
sensions,  2  b.  Orders  in  church  govern¬ 
ment,  49,  1  a.  Version  of  the  Bible,  1  be. 

Abzug  [ap'-tsoog],  in  smelting,  X.  260,  1  c. 

Aca'cia,  genus  of  plants,  I.  49.  A.  Nilotica 
and  other  species,  2  a.  Leaf  of  (ill.),  X.  265, 
2  c.  Gum  from  it,  VIII.  320,  2  ab.  Three¬ 
horned,  795,  1  c  ;  as  a  hedge  plant,  604,  2  b. 
Australian  acacias,  X.  266,  1  be. 

Acacia  catechu ,  IV.  105,  2  a  (ill.). 

Acacius ,  an  Arian,  V.  619,  1  c,  2  a. 

Acade'mia,  where  Plato  taught:  see  Gymnas¬ 
tics,  VIII.  351,  2  a.  For  the  locality,  see 
Academy,  I.  49,  2  b  (Ceramicus),  and  the 
gate  and  road  leading  to  it  on  the  plan  of 
Athens,  II.  60. 

Academ'ic  school ,  I.  49,  2  c ;  VIII.  214,  2  a. 

Academic  frangaise  [a-ka-da-me  frang-saiz],  I. 
50,  2  c.  Its  French  dictionary,  ib. 

Acad'emists  (Platonists),  I.  49,  2  be. 

Acad'emy,  I.  49.  Learned  academies  :  Italian, 
50, 1  c  ;  French,  2  c ;  Spanish,  52,  1  b ;  Por¬ 
tuguese,  1  c;  German,  ib. ;  Swiss,  2  a; 
Belgic,  ib.  ;  Dutch,  2  b ;  Scandinavian,  ib. ; 
Russian,  53,  1  a ;  British  and  Irish,  1  b ; 
Turkish,  2  a;  Australian,  ib.\  Asiatic,  ib. ; 
American,  2  b  ;  South  American,  54,  1  a. 

Aca'dia,  or  Acadie  [ak-a-de],  peninsula  of 
Nova  Scotia,  I.  54 ;  XII.  278,  2  b. 


ACALEPH^E 


ACHERUSIA 


5 


Aoale'ph^e,  I.  54.  Ac'alephs :  see  IIydroids, 
IX.  114,  2  ab. 

A' canth  family,  fossil  reptiles,  VII.  614,  2  c. 

A.can't'hia  lectula'ria ,  insect,  VI.  696,  2  c. 

Acanthias  (ichthyology),  VI.  183,  1  be.  A. 
Americanus,  1  c ;  ill.,  2  a.  Acanthias  ot 
Europe,  2  ab. 

Acanthoceph' ala,  hooked  worms,  VI.  668,  1  a. 

Acanthocot'tus ,  III.  426,  2  c.  A.  Virginianus, 
427,  1  b  (ill.).  A.  variabilis  or  Groenlandi- 
cus,  1  c;  ill.,  2  a. 

Acanthoptemf gious  (in  ichthyology),  I.  54,  2  c. 

AcanThus,  plant,  I.  54.  Corinthian  capital 
suggested  by  it,  2  ab.  A.  mollis,  2  c.  (ill.). 

Acan' thylis,  genus  of  swifts  (ornithology),  XV. 
520,  1  b. 

Acapulco  [a-ka-pool'-ko],  town,  I.  54. 

Acari'asis ,  cutaneous  disease,  VI.  695,  2  b. 

Acari'na,  mites,  VI.  694,  2  ab  ;  XI.  679,  2  a. 

Acarna'nia,  province,  I.  55. 

Ac'arus,  insect,  I.  55.  See  Epizoa,  VI.  694, 
2  be.  A.  scabiei,  IX.  469,  2  ab  (ill.).  A. 
domesticus  and  A.  destructor,  XI.  679,  2  be. 

Acas'tus,  mythical,  I.  55. 

Ac'cad,  ancient  city,  I.  55 ;  IV.  230,  2  a. 

Accademia  Platonica ,  Pontciniana ,  I.  50,  1  b. 

Accadians ,  XII.  117,  1  a.  Accadian  mythol¬ 
ogy,  ib. ;  dialect,  XVI.  43,  1  ab. 

Acceleration,  I.  55.  Acceleration  of  the 
moon,  2  b.  Acceleration  of  the  stars,  56, 1  a. 

Accep'tance,  in  commerce,  I.  56.  Acceptance 
supra  protest,  XIV.  31,  2  c,  32,  1  a.  See 
Frauds,  Statute  of,  VII.  447,  1  a. 

Accepted ,  on  a  bill  of  exchange  or  a  draft,  I. 
57,  1  a. 

Accessory  (to  a  felony),  I.  58. 

Accessory  plume  (of  a  feather),  VII.  104,  1  be 
(ill.). 

Accip’iter  (ornithology),  VIII.  530.  A.  nisus, 
XV.  231,  1  a. 

Acclimating  fever  (Liberia),  X.  397,  2  b. 

Acclima'tion,  or  Acclimatization,  I.  59.  Ac¬ 
climation,  1  b.  Acclimatization,  2  b. 

Accolade  [ak-ko-lad'j,  ceremony  in  conferring 
knighthood,  IV.  496,  2  ab. 

Accol'ti,  Benedetto,  Italian  lawyer,  I.  60. 

Ac'comack,  county,  I.  60. 

Accor'dion,  I.  60 ;  XIV.  242,  1  c,  2  b. 

Ac'cra,  Africa,  I.  60. 

Ac'crington,  town,  I.  60. 

Accuba'tion,  table  posture,  I.  60  (ill.). 

Accum  [ak'-koom],  Friedrich,  chemist,  I.  61. 

Accumulator  (of  a  dredging  machine),  VI.  257, 
2  c. 


Ace ,  in  playing  cards,  III.  783,  2  c. 

Acel'dama,  I.  61 ;  IX.  612,  2  b. 

Acepli’ala ,  headless  mollusks,  XI.  721,  1  c. 
Acephal'ocyst,  animal  parasite,  I.  61 ;  VI. 
663,  2  c. 

Aceph'alous  foetus ,  XI.  765,  1  b. 

Acephalous  mollusJcs ,  eyes  of,  VII.  48,  1  c. 
A'cer  (botany),  XI.  137,  2  b.  A.  saccharinum, 
sugar  maple,  138  2  ab  (ill.) ;  A.  pseudo-pla- 
tanus,  sycamore  maple,  140,  1  a  (ill.);  A. 
campestre,  common  European  maple,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  and  other  species. 

Acerates  [as-e-ra'-teez],  (botany),  XI.  546,  2  ab. 
Acetate  of  aluminum,  I.  369, 1  a.  A.  of  ethyl, 
265,  2  a. 

Acetates  [as'-e-taits],  I.  61. 

Acet'io  Acid,  I.  61 ;  265,  2  a. 

Acetone ,  I.  61,  2  a ;  62,  1  a. 

Acetones :  see  Ketones. 

AcetTlene,  a  gas,  I.  62 ;  VII.  637,  2  c. 
Achaean  League  [a-ke'-an],  I.  62.  See  Greece, 
VIII.  200,  1  b. 

Acii^e'ans,  a  division  of  the  Hellenic  race,  I. 
63. 

Ach.emenes  [a-kem'-e-neez],  first  of  the  Achse- 
menidse,  I.  63 ;  XIII.  321,  2  c.  Persian  sa¬ 
trap,  I.  63,  1  c. 

Achcemen'idce ,  Persian  dynasty,  I.  63,  1  c ; 
XIII.  144,  2  a. 

Achceme'nius  (=Persicus),  I.  63,  1  c. 

Aciiaia  [a-ka'-ya],  a  division  of  the  Pelopon¬ 
nesus,  I.  63. 

Achalzik :  see  Akhaltzikii. 

Achamoth  [ak'-a-moth],  in  the  Gnostic  cos¬ 
mogony,  VIII.  53,  1  a. 

Achard,  Franz  Karl  [a-shar],  philosopher  and 
chemist,  I.  63. 

Achard,  Louis  Am6d6e  Eugene,  novelist,  I.  63. 
Achates  [a-ka'-teez],  companion  of  .Eneas,  I. 

63.  Fidus  Achates,  proverbial,  ib.  A  river, 
2  b. 

Acheen  [d-cheen'],  independent  sovereignty  in 
Sumatra,  I.  63. 

Acheirotopeton  [a-ki-ro-top'-e-ton],  a  painting, 
X.  183,  1  ab. 

Achelous  [ak-e-lo'-us],  classic  river,  I.  64. 
Achelous ,  river  god,  allusion  to,  I.  263,  2  b. 
Achenbach  [a'-khen-bakh],  Andreas,  painter,  I. 

64.  Oswald,  painter,  1  b. 

Acheron  [ak'-e-ron],  pame  of  several  rivers,  I. 
64.  The  river  of  the  lower  world,  1  be;  put 
for  that  region  itself,  ib. 

Acheru'sia,  name  of  lakes  supposed  to  be  con¬ 
nected  with  the  lower  world,  I.  64.  Chasm 


6 


achery 


ACROLEINE 


in  Bithynia,  poetical  entrance  to  the  lower 
regions,  ib. 

Achery,  Dom  Jean  Luc  d’  [da-sha-re],  learned 
Benedictine  monk,  I.  64. 

Acheta  [a-ke'-ta],  (entomology),  Y.  480,  2  c. 
A.  domestica,  ib. ;  A.  campestris,  481,  1  ab; 
A.  abbreviata,  2  a ;  A.  nigra,  2  ab ;  A.  vit- 
tata,  2  c.  (Ills.) 

Achild  Bechil ,  alchemist,  I.  261,  1  b. 

Achillea  [ak-il-le'-a],  (botany),  XYI.  772,  1  b 
(ill.).  A.  rosea,  2a;  A.  ptarmica,  ib. ;  A. 
tomentosa,  ib. ;  A.  millefolium,  ib. 

AchiVleos  Dro'mos ,  in  the  Taurida,  XY.  585,  2  b. 

Achilles,  or  Achilleus  [a-kil'-leez,  -luce],  hero 
of  the  Iliad,  I.  64.  See  Polyxena. 

Achilles  Tatius,  astronomer,  I.  65.  A  writer 
of  romance,  ib. 

Achilles ,  iron-clad  ship,  IX.  383,  1  a ;  386,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Achmet  [akh'-met] :  see  Ahmed. 

Achmetha  [ak'-me-tha  or  ak-me'-tha],  a  Median 
royal  residence  (Ezra  vi.  2),  YI.  385,  1  b. 

Achmim  :  see  Ekhmim. 

Achorion  Schcenleinii  [a-ko'-re-on  sken-ll'-ne-i] : 
see  Epiphytes,  YI.  689,  1  b  (ill.). 

Achroite  [ak'-ro-ite],  mineral,  XY.  823,  1  be. 

Achromatic  Lens  [ak-ro-mat'-ik],  I.  65  (ills.). 

Achter  Eol  [akh'-ter],  name  given  to  Hew  Jer¬ 
sey  by  its  Dutch  captors,  XII.  311,  1  b. 

Achtyrka :  see  Akhtyrka. 

Acid  [as'-id],  I.  66. 

Acids ,  XII.  476,  1  a;  XIV.  583,  2a.  Action 
upon  vegetable  colors,  1  c,  2  a,  and  IX.  250, 
1  c. 

Acid  process,  in  tanning,  X.  274,  1  b. 

Acidim'etry,  I.  322,  1  c  (Alkalimetry). 

Acidom' eter,  IX.  125,  1  b. 

Acil'ius  Gla'brio,  Manius,  Roman  general  and 
consul,  I.  66. 

Acin'aces ,  ancient  weapons,  I.  734,  2  b. 

Acini ,  in  the  tissue  of  the  liver,  X.  537,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Acipen'ser  (ichthyology),  XY.  431,  2  b.  A. 
sturio,  ib.  (ill.);  A.  oxyrbynclius,  432,  1  b; 
and  other  species. 

Aci  Reale  [a'-che  ra-a'-la],  seaport,  I.  66. 

A'cis,  mythical,  I.  66.  A  river,  ib. 

Ack'ermann,  Konrad  Ernst,  comedian,  I.  66. 
Sophie  Charlotte,  2  c.  Dorothea,  ib.  Char¬ 
lotte,  ib. 

Ac'land,  John  Dyke,  British  major,  I.  66. 
Lady  Harriet,  67,  1  a.  Henry  Wentworth, 
M.  D.,  67,  1  b. 

Aclin'ic  Line,  magnetic  equator,  I.  67  (ill.). 


Acce/metjs,  a  fanatic  order  of  monks,  I.  67 ; 
discountenanced  by  church  fathers  and  coun¬ 
cils,  XI.  729,  1  b  (Monachism). 

Acolhuacan  [a-kole-wa-kan'],  kingdom  of,  XI. 
472,  2  a. 

Acolhuis  [a-kole-wees'J,  a  people  of  Mexico, 
XI.  472,  1  c. 

Ac'olyte,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  I.  67. 

Acoma  [a-ko'-ma],  village,  I.  67. 

Aconcagua  [a-kone-ka'-gwa],  province,  I.  67. 
A  peak  of  the  Andes,  2  c;  476,  1  be. 

Aconel'la ,  alkaloid,  I.  68,  2  a. 

Ac'onite,  poisonous  plant,  I.  68.  Mistaken 
for  horseradish,  2  b ;  VIII.  830,  2  c.  Medi¬ 
cal  use  of,  I.  68,  2  b.  Remedies  for  its 
poison,  2  c. 

Aconite,  Winter,  plant,  I.  68. 

Aconite  poisoning,  remedies  for,  I.  68,  2  c. 

Aconitia  [ak-o-nish'-a] :  see  Aconite. 

Aconitum  (botany),  I.  68]  1  ab.  A.  napellus 
(monkshood),  ib.  (ill.).  A.  lycoctonum,  ib. 
A.  ferox,  ib. 

Adorns  cal'amus ,  reed  used  as  a  pen,  III.  565, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Acosta  [a-koce'-ta],  Jose  de,  Spanish  writer, 
I.  69.  Uriel,  Jewish  writer,  1  a.  Joaquin, 
historian,  1  c. 

Acoustic  nerve,  Helmholtz’s  theory  of  its  ex¬ 
citation,  VIII.  624,  1  ab. 

Acoustics  [a-koos'-tiks],  I.  69 ;  laws  of,  with 
illustrations.  Application  of  to  architec¬ 
ture,  I.  72,  1  c. 

Acoutado,  island,  discovery  of,  and  occasion  of 
the  name,  VII.  604,  2  c. 

Acquaviva,  Claudio  de  [ak-kwa-ve'-va],  a  gen¬ 
eral  of  the  Jesuits,  I.  72. 

Acquaviva  delle  Fonti,  town,  I.  72. 

Acqui  [ak'-kwe],  town,  I.  72. 

A'cre,  measure  of  land,  I.  72. 

Acre,  or  St.  Jean  d’Acre  [sang  zhang  dakr’], 
seaport,  I.  72 ;  view  of,  73. 

Acrelius,  Israel  [a-kra'-le-oos],  clergyman,  I. 
73. 

Acris  (zoology),  XY.  854,  2  c.  A.  gryllus,  Sa¬ 
vannah  cricket,  855,  1  a. 

Acrocerau'nia,  mountain  peak  in  Epirus,  I. 
73. 

Acroceraunian  mountains,  IY.  208,  2  c. 

Acrocorin' thus,  mountain  fortress,  Y.  352,  2 
b ;  353,  1  ab. 

Ac'rogens  (botany),  a  division  of  cryptogamous 
plants,  X.  408,  1  c. 

Acr oleine  [a-kro'-le-in] :  see  Glycerine,  YIII. 
47,  2  c. 


ACROLITH 


ADAMS 


7 


Ac'rolith ,  in  statuary,  XIII.  388,  1  a. 

Acrop'olis,  I.  72.  Of  Athens,  II.  54,  1  c,  2  a ; 
view  of,  01 ;  ground  plan  of,  ib. ;  its  edifices, 
62,  1  a,  64,  1  b. 

Ac'rospire  (of  malt),  III.  258,  1  a,  b,  c ;  2  c. 

Acryd’ium  (entomology),  X.  570,  2  b ;  571,  1  a. 

Act  :  see  Bill. 

Act  of  the  party  (in  distinction  from  “  act  of 
the  law  ”),  I.  313,  2  a. 

Act  of  supremacy  (English),  powers  conferred 
by  it,  VI.  623,  1  a. 

Act  of  uniformity ,  to  enforce  observance  of 
the  Anglican  church  service,  VI.  139,  1  c. 
New  act  of  uniformity,  ib. 

Ac'ta  Diur'na,  in  ancient  Rome,  I.  73;  137, 
2  c. 

Acta  Disputationis  S.  Archelai ,  XI.  106,  2  c. 

Acta  Erudito'rum,  I.  74;  XIII.  296,  2  b. 

Acta  Marty  rum,  I.  74,  1  b  (Acta  Sanctorum). 

Acta  Sancto'rum,  Acta  Martyrum,  Martyrol- 
ogy,  I.  74.  See  Borland,  III.  1  b. 

Actce'a  spica'ta ,  cohosh,  or  black  snakeroot,  V. 
22,  2  c  (ill.). 

Action,  mythical,  I.  74;  IY.  614,  1  c. 

Actceon  (mollusk),  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Ac'tia ,  festival,  XII.  436,  2  b. 

Ac'tian  Games,  Roman,  I.  74. 

Actina'ria  (polyps),  XIII.  689,  2  ab. 

Actin'ia,  marine  animals,  I.  74.  A.  Jordaica, 
75,  2  a.  Eringed  actinia,  ib.  (ills.,  74). 

Actinic  rays ,  X.  440,  2  a.  See  Actinism. 

Ac'tinism,  property  of  the  solar  rays,  I.  75  ; 
ill.,  76. 

Actinocri'nus  (fossil  animal),  YI.  593,  1  b  (ill.). 

Ac’tinoids  (polyps),  XIII.  689,  2  b. 

Actin'olite ,  mineral,  YIII.  821,  1  b. 

Actinom'eter,  for  measuring  the  heat  of  the 
solar  rays,  I.  76. 

Actin'  ophrys,  animalcule,  I.  515,  2  b. 

Ac'tion,  in  law,  I.  76.  Cause  of,  2  c ;  civil,  77, 
1  a ;  criminal,  ib. ;  against  a  sovereign,  1  c. 

Action  (of  piano),  XIII.  490,  2  c;  English, 
Pleyel,  or  direct,  489,  1  ab. 

Actit'urus  Bartra'mius ,  sandpiper,  bird,  XIII. 
619,  1  c  (ill.). 

Actium  [ak'-te-um],  I.  77 ;  naval  battle  at,  ib. 

Actius ,  surname  of  Apollo,  I.  74,  2  a. 

Ac'ton,  Sir  John  Francis  Edward,  Neapolitan 
prime  minister,  I.  77 ;  erroneously  called  Jo¬ 
seph,  ib.  (see  IY.  14,  1  b).  Charles  J.  Ed¬ 
ward,  78,  1  a.  Joseph  Edward,  ib.  George, 
rear  admiral,  ib.  Ferdinand  R.  E.,  ib.  Sir 
John  Emeric  Edward  Dalberg- Acton,  1  b. 

Ac'ton  Bur'nell,  English  statute,  I.  78. 


Actor ,  plaintiff  under  Roman  law,  IX.  722, 1  b. 

Acts  of  1689  and  1701,  limiting  the  succession 
of  the  English  crown,  II.  640,  2  ab ;  terms 
of,  VII.  703,  1  c. 

Acts  of  the  Apostles,  one  of  the  books  of 
the  New  Testament,  I.  78. 

Acts  of  Pilate  (apocryphal),  YIII.  122,  2  c. 

Actual  energy:  see  Correlation  of  Forces, 
Y.  379,  2  be. 

Actuaries'  table ,  X.  429,  2. 

Acuco  [a-koo'-ko],  old  Indian  town,  I.  67,  2  a 
(Acoma). 

Acumin’cum ,  Roman  fortress,  XIII.  361,  1  a. 

AcuSa,  Cristobal  de  [da  a-koon'-ya],  mission¬ 
ary,  I.  79. 

Ac’ upressure  (in  amputation),  I.  442,  1  c. 

Ac'upuncture,  I.  79.  Infanticide  by,  1  c. 

Agvin,  the  [as'-vin],  Indian  divinities,  IX.  223, 
2  c.  Agvins  of  the  Hindoo  Yedas,  VII. 
63,  1  b. 

A'da,  county,  I.  79. 

Adair',  name  of  three  counties,  I.  79. 

Adair,  Sir  Robert,  diplomatist,  I.  79. 

Adal',  or  Adel,  Africa,  I.  79. 

Ad'albert,  or  Aldebert,  bishop  and  mission¬ 
ary,  I.  80.  Saint,  1  b.  Archbishop,  1  c. 

Adalbert,  Heinrich  Wilhelm,  prince,  I.  80! 

Adalia,  or  Sattalieh  [a-da'-le-a,  sat-ta'-le-Sh],1 
seaport,  I.  80. 

Adam,  the  first  man,  I.  80. 

Adam,  Adolphe  Charles  [a-dang],  composer,  I. 
80. 

Adam,  Albrecht,  painter,  I.  80. 

Adam,  Alexander,  teacher  and  grammarian,  I. 
81. 

Adam  of  Bremen,  missionary,  I.  81. 

Adam  de  la  Halle  [a-dang  duh  la  al],  trou- 
vere,  I.  81. 

Adama  [a-da-ma'j,  a  Foolah  chieftain,  I.  81,  2  a. 

Adamantine  candles  [ad-a-man'-tin],  substance 
of,  II.  313,  2  b. 

Adamawa  [a-da-ma'-wa],  a  country  of  Africa, 
I.  81. 

Adam  Fitz  Adam ,  pseudonyme :  see  Moore, 
Edward. 

Ad'amites,  fanatical  sect,  I.  81 ;  XY.  140,  1 
ab. 

Adams,  name  of  eight  counties,  I.  81. 

Adams,  township,  I.  82. 

Adams ,  Alvin :  see  Express,  YII.  40,  2  b. 

Adams,  Charles  Baker,  chemist  and  zoologist, 
I.  82. 

Adams,  Charles  Francis,  statesman,  I.  82.  Dis¬ 
sents  from  views  of  the  whig  party,  83,  1 


8 


ADAMS 


ADHED 


be;  candidate  of  the  free-soil  party  for 
vice  president,  ib. ;  minister  to  England,  2 
a ;  member  of  the  Genevan  board  of  arbi¬ 
trators,  2  c.  Charles  Francis,  jr.,  84,  1  b. 

Adams,  Edwin,  actor,  I.  84.  (Died  1878.) 

Adams,  Hannah,  American  writer,  I.  84. 

Adams ,  Henry  Brooks,  84,  1  c. 

Adams,  Dr.  Isaac,  introduction  of  electropla¬ 
ting  in  nickel,  VII.  601, 1  b ;  plating  bath,  ib. 

Adams,  J olm,  second  president  of  the  United 
States,  I.  84.  His  participation  in  the  colo¬ 
nial  struggles,  85-87 ;  in  the  struggle  for 
independence,  88,  89.  Appointed  minister  to 
England,  2  c.  Chosen  vice  president,  90, 
1  c ;  reelected,  2  c.  Elected  president,  91, 
1  c ;  his  administration,  91-93.  Incidents 
of  his  retirement  from  office,  94,  ff.  Reli- 
gious  views,  96,  1  b;  advocates  religious 
freedom  and  equality,  1  c.  Publication  of 
the  Cunningham  correspondence,  2  c.  Char¬ 
acterization,  96,  2  a,  97,  1  a. 

Adams,  John  (Alexander  Smith),  mutineer,  I. 
97. 

Adams,  John,  LL.  D.,  teacher  and  philanthro¬ 
pist,  I.  98. 

Adams,  John  Couch,  astronomer,  I.  98;  X. 
378,  2  c. 

Adams,  John  Quincy,  sixth  president  of  the 
United  States,  I.  98.  Appointed  by  Wash¬ 
ington  minister  to  the  Hague,  99,  1  c.  Sep¬ 
arates  from  the  federal  party,  2  be.  Charges 
the  federal  leaders  with  treasonable  de¬ 
signs,  100,  1  c.  Minister  to  Russia,  2  c. 
Appointed  with  others  to  negotiate  a  peace 
with  England,  101,  1  b.  Secretary  of  state, 

1  c.  Defence  of  Gen.  Jackson,  2  ab.  Mis¬ 
souri  compromise,  cabinet  history  of  it, 

2  c.  Canvass  for  Monroe’s  successor  in  the 
presidency,  102,  1  c.  Elected  president,  2 
be;  coalition  against  him,  103,  1  a;  charge 
of  bargain  and  corruption,  1  c ;  IV.  654,  1  c. 
Jefferson’s  opinion  of  Jackson  as  a  president, 
I.  102,  2  c.  His  congressional  career,  104, 
2  a.  His  defeat  of  the  proposed  vote  of  cen¬ 
sure,  105,  1  c.  Comparison  of  father  and 
son,  106, 1  a. 

Adams,  John  Quincy,  son  of  Charles  Francis, 
I.  83,  2  c. 

Adams,  Nehemiah,  D.  D.,  clergyman,  I.  106. 

Adams,  Samuel,  revolutionary  patriot,  I.  106. 

Adams,  William,  D.  D.,  clergyman,  I.  110. 

Adams,  William  T.  (Oliver  Optic),  I.  110. 

Adams  and  Clay,  charge  of  bargain  and  cor¬ 
ruption,  I.  103,  1  c ;  IV.  654,  1  c. 


Adam's  Bridge,  between  Ceylon  and  the  main¬ 
land,  XIV.  195,  2  be. 

Adam’s  Peak,  or  Hamazel,  mountain,  I.  110; 
IV.  219  (ill.). 

Adana  [a-da'-na],  town,  I.  110. 

Adanson,  Michel  [a-daDg-s6Ilg],  naturalist,  I.  111. 

Adanso'nia ,  gouty  stem  tree,  in  Australia,  XV. 
190,  2  b. 

Adansonia  digitata,  tree  in  Africa,  II.  289,  2  c 
(ill.). 

A'dar,  Hebrew  month,  I.  111. 

Adar,  in  Babylonian  mythology,  XII.  118, 1  a. 

Adari :  see  Harar. 

Adarkon,  or  darkemon,  a  coin  mentioned  in 
Chronicles,  Ezra,  and  Nehemiali  (in  the  He¬ 
brew),  V.  686,  2  b  (ill.). 

Ad'da,  river,  I.  111. 

Addax,  cervine  antelope,  I.  545,  2  b.  A.  naso- 
maculatus  (ill.),  ib. 

Adder  :  see  Viper. 

Adder,  European  viper,  XVI.  367,  2  c.  Puff 
adder,  368,  2  ab. 

Adder,  counting  machine,  I.  5,  1  b. 

Adder's  tongue,  fern,  VII.  151,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Ad'dington,  county,  I.  111. 

Addington,  Anthony ,  physician  and  medical 
■writer,  I.  Ill,  2  a. 

Addington,  Henry,  Lord  Sidmouth,  statesman, 
I.  111.  Henry  Unwin,  diplomatist,  2  c. 

Ad'dison,  county,  I.  111. 

Addison,  Joseph,  English  author,  I.  112. 

Adel'  :  see  Adal. 

x\delaar,  Adelaer,  or  Adeler  [a'-deh-lar,  -ler], 
naval  officer,  I.  113. 

Ad'elaide,  city,  I.  113. 

Adelaide,  Eugenie  Louise,  princess  of  Orleans, 
(Fr.  Adelaide,  a-da-lide),  I.  113. 

Adelaide,  Saint,  queen  and  empress,  I.  113. 
See  Otho  I.,  XII.  729,  2  a. 

Adelantado  [Sp.  a-^a-lan-ta'-iAoJ,  provincial 
governor,  XVI.  759,  2  b. 

Adelar'di  family,  referred  to,  VI.  739,  2  ab. 

Adelsberg  [a'-delce-bairg],  Austrian  town,  I. 
114.  Celebrated  caverns  in  its  vicinity,  ib. 

Adelijng,  Johann  Christoph  [a'-deh-loong], 
lexicographer,  I.  114.  Friedrich  von,  phi¬ 
lologist,  2  b. 

Ademption  (of  a  legacy),  X.  316,  2  a. 

Aden  [a'-den],  seaport  town,  I.  114. 

Aderno  [a-dair'-no],  town  of  Sicily,  I.  115. 

Adet,  Pierre  Auguste  [a-da],  chemist  and  poli¬ 
tician,  I.  115. 

Adhed,  fourteenth  and  last  caliph  of  the  Fati- 
mite  dynasty,  VII.  94,  2  ab. 


ADHERBAL 


ADULTERATION 


9 


Aaher'bal,  king  of  Numidia,  IX.  708,  2  a. 

Adiie'sion,  I.  115.  Distinguished  from  cohe¬ 
sion,  ib.,  and  V.  20,  2  ab.  Of  solids  to  sol¬ 
ids,  I.  115,  1  c.  Prechtl’s  adhesion  balance 
(ill.),  2  a.  Adhesion  of  liquids  to  solids,  11G, 
la;  of  liquids  to  liquids,  1  c;  of  gases  to 
solids,  2  a;  of  gases  to  liquids,  2  c;  of  gases 
to  gases,  117,  2  a.  Water  bellows,  116,  2  c; 

II.  746,  2  be. 

Adian’tum  (fern),  VII.  150,  2  a.  A.  pedatum, 
maiden-hair  (ill.),  ib. 

Adiaphoris’ tic  controversy  in  the  Lutheran 
church,  X.  733,  1  b.  See  Melanciithon,  XI. 
366,  2  a. 

Adige  [a-de'-ja],  river,  I.  117. 

Adipocere',  I.  117.  Petrifaction  so  called, 
118,  1  a. 

Ad'ipose  Substances,  I.  118. 

Adipose  Tissue,  I.  119. 

Adirondack  Mountains,  I.  120  (map) ;  589, 
2  b;  XII.  354,  2  e,  ff.  View  from  Placid 
lake  (ill.),  I.  121.  Village  of,  122,  1  a. 

Ad'it,  passage  into  mines,  1. 122  ;  XI.  571, 1  c. 

Aditi  [a-de'-te],  a  Hindoo  divinity,  IX.  223,  2  b. 

Adityas  [d-deet'-yas],  Hindoo  divinities,  VII. 
63,  1  b ;  IX.  223,  2  b. 

Ad'jutant,  military  officer,  I.  122. 

Adjutant  Bird  :  s-ee  Marabou. 

Adjzds',  divisions  of  the  Koran,  X.  45,  1  a. 

Adler :  see  Aquila,  Kaspar. 

Adlerberg  [ad'-ler-bairg],  Vladimir  Fedoro- 
vitch,  count,  I.  123.  Adlerberg  II.,  Alexan¬ 
der,  count,  1  c.  Adlerberg  III.,  Nicholas,  2  a. 

Adleroreutz,  Karl  Johan  [ad'-ler-kroits], count, 
I.  123. 

Adlersparre,  Georg,  count  [ad'-ler-spar-rbh], 
I.  123.  Karl  August,  count,  2  c. 

Adme'tus,  mythical,  I.  123. 

Administration,  in  distinction  from  cabinet, 

III.  525,  1  c. 

Administrator  :  see  Executor. 

Ad'miral,  naval  officer,  I.  124.  Vice  admiral, 
1  b.  Lord  high  admiral,  1  c.  General  ad¬ 
miral  (Russian  navy),  2  a. 

Admirals  (British),  red,  white,  and  blue,  I. 
124,  1  c. 

Ad'miealty,  I.  124.  In  England,  2  a.  In 
France,  125,  2  c.  In  Ireland,  126,  1  a.  In 
the  United  States,  1  ab ;  127,  2  c. 

Admiralty  anchor,  I.  466,  1  a. 

Admiralty  Islands,  I.  128. 

Admonition,  ecclesiastical,  I.  128. 

Admon'itor  (Jesuit),  IX.  627,  2  ab. 

Ad'nate  (anther),  in  botany,  I.  547,  2  a. 


Ado'be  Houses,  I.  128* 

Adoles' cence,  first  period  of  adult  life,  I.  181, 

1  a. 

Adolph  of  Nassau  (Count  Adolphus),  archbish¬ 
op,  sacking  of  Mentz  and  dispersion  of 
Faust’s  printers  by,  VII.  97, 1  c.  See  Print¬ 
ing,  XIII.  846,  2  b. 

Adol'phus,  John,  advocate  and  author,  I.  128. 

John  Leycester,  barrister,  129,  1  a. 
Adolphus  Frederick,  king  of  Sweden,  I.  129. 
Adolphus  of  Nassau,  German  sovereign, 

I.  129. 

Adona'i,  in  the  reading  of  the  Hebrew  Scrip¬ 
tures,  I.  129 ;  IX.  600,  1  a. 

Ado'nia,  feasts,  I.  129.  Typical  significance 
of,  ib. 

Ado'nis,  mythical,  I.  129.  See  XII.  118,  1  c. 
Adonis,  ancient  name  of  a  river,  XIII.  452,  1  c. 

Legend  connected  with  it,  ib. 

Adoptia'ni,  Christian  sect,  I.  130. 

Adopting  act,  referred  to,  XIII.  812,  2  b. 
Adoption  (of  another’s  child),  I.  130. 
Adoration,  in  the  observance  of  Good  Friday, 
VIII.  101,  1  c. 

Adoration  perpetuelle  [a-do-ra-se-ong  pair-pa- 
tii-el],  a  religious  order,  V.  215,  2  b. 

Adour  [a-door],  river  of  France,  I.  130. 
Ad'owa,  Abyssinian  town,  I.  130. 

Adrami'tce,  Arabian  tribe,  VIII.  370,  1  a. 
Adraste'a,  goddess,  I.  131. 

Adras'tus,  legendary  king,  I.  131. 

Adria  [a'-dre-a],  Italian  town,  1. 131 ;  338,  2  a. 
A'drian,  city,  I.  131.  Adrian  college,  1  c. 
Adrian  :  see  Hadrian. 

Adrian,  name  of  several  popes,  1. 131.  Nicho¬ 
las  Breakspear,  Adrian  IV.,  2  ab.  Boeijens, 
Adrian  VI.,  2  c. 

Adriano'ple,  city,  I.  132. 

Adriansz,  Jacob  [a'-dre-dnee] :  see  Metius  (In¬ 
dex). 

Adriatic  Sea,  1. 132  ;  XI.  354,  1  c.  Espousal 
of  by  the  doge  of  Venice,  instituted,  I.  279, 

2  a.  See  III.  376,  2  b ;  XVI.  298, 1  c,  299,  2  b. 
Ad'ris:  see  Ravee,  XIV.  218,  1  be. 
Adrogation,  I.  130,  1  c  (Adoption). 
Adrume'tum :  see  IIadrumetum. 

Adula'ria,  phosphorescence  of,  XIII.  462,  1  c. 
Adul'lam,  in  ancient  Palestine,  I.  132.  Cave 

of,  ib. 

Adultera'tion,  I.  132.  See  Myrrh,  XII.  112, 
1  a ;  Pickles,  XIII.  499,  1  c,  2  a.  Adultera¬ 
tion  of  honey,  VIII.  794,  1  b;  of  malt  liquors, 
III.  262,  2  t*;  of  sherry  wine,  XV.  224,  1  b, 
ff.  (Spain,  Wines  of). 


10 


ADULTERY 


AERIDES 


Adul'tery,  I.  134.  In*  civil  cases,  1  a.  The 
criminal  offence,  136,  2  c. 

Adultery  act  (of  1650),  I.  136,  1  c. 

Advancement  of  Science,  Associations  for 
the,  I.  137. 

Ad'vent,  in  the  church  calendar,  I.  137. 

Adventists :  see  Second  Adventists. 

u  Adventurer ,”  periodical,  VIII.  531,  1  he. 

Advertisement  [ad-ver'-tiz-ment],  public  noti¬ 
fication,  I.  137. 

“ Advertiser ,  Daily”  of  Boston,  VIII.  390,  2  a. 

Advertising  (newspaper),  rates  of,  I.  139,  1  c; 
sums  paid  for  it  annually,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Advertising  agencies ,  1. 138,  2  c ;  first  in  Ameri¬ 
ca,  139,  1  b. 

Ad'vocate  :  see  Lawyer. 

Advocate  General:  see  Pensionary,  Grand. 

Advocates ,  French ,  qualifications  and  privileges 
of,  VIII.  307,  1  b. 

Advocatus  Dei,  1. 140, 1  a  (Advocatus  Diaboli). 

Advoca'tus  Diab'oli,  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
church,  I.  139;  III.  716,  2  b. 

Advow'son,  in  English  law,  I.  140. 

AE,  abbreviation,  XII.  535,  2  b. 

AEacides  [e-as'-e-deez],  I.  64,  2  a  (Achilles). 

AE'acus,  mythical,  I.  140 ;  XIV.  284,  2  b. 

AEcas'tor,  a  Roman  lady’s  oath,  IV.  88,  1  b. 

AEcid'ium  (fungus),  referred  to,  VII.  532,  2  c. 

AE'depol ,  a  form  of  oath  among  Romans,  IV. 
88,  1  b. 

AEde'sius ,  nephew  of  Meropius  of  Tyre,  I.  48, 

1  b. 

AEdic'ula ,  apartment  for  the  Roman  household 
lares,  X.  171,  1  b. 

AEdiles  [e'-diles],  Roman,  I.  140. 

AE'dui,  or  Hedui,  I.  140;  III.  157,  2  b. 

AEga'brum :  see  Cabra. 

AEgjeon  [e-je'-on] :  see  Briareus. 

AEg^eus,  legendary  king,  I.  140. 

AEge'an  Sea:  see  Archipelago,  and  Mediter¬ 
ranean  Sea. 

AEge'ria ,  moth,  VIII.  532,  2  a ;  533,  2  b  (ill.). 

AEgiale’a ,  I.  63,  1  c  (Achaia). 

AEgiali'tis  (ornithology),  IX.  831,  1  c  (ill.). 

AE'gilops  ova'ta  (botany),  XVI.  586,  1  b. 

AEgi'na,  or  Egina,  island,  I.  140. 

AEgine'tan  sculptures ,  I.  141,  1  a  (^Egina). 

AEgi'othus  (ornithology),  X.  512,  1  b.  AE.  li- 
narius,  2  a  (ill.).  AE.  canescens,  2  c. 

AEgir  [a'-gher],  Scandinavian  deity,  referred 
to,  VI.  400,  1  a. 

AE'gis,  a  shield,  I.  141. 

AEgis'sus :  see  Tttltcha. 

AEgis'thus,  ancient  king,  I.  141 ;  172,  1  b. 


AEgoph’ony ,  XIII.  611,  1  c  (Pleurisy). 
AEgospot’ami ,  battle  of,  II.  56, 1  be;  VIII.  195, 
1  ab. 

AEgu'sa :  see  Fayignana. 

AEgyp'tus ,  in  Greek  mythology,  V.  662,  1  c. 
AElanit'ic  gulf,  I.  225,  2  b. 

AE'lia  Capitoli'na,  1. 141 ;  VIII.  594,  2  b;  IX. 
621,  2  a. 

AElia'nus ,  general,  II.  215,  1  a. 

AElianus,  Claudius,  author,  I.  141. 

Aello  [a-el'-lo],  mythical,  VIII.  474,  1  c. 

AElst,  or  Aalst  [alst],  town :  see  Alost. 

AElst,  or  Aalst,  Evert  van,  painter,  I.  141. 

Willem  van,  1  c. 

AEmil'ian  way,  XIII.  487,  2  ab. 

AEmilius  Lepidus,  referred  to,  XIV.  261,  1  ab. 
ASmilius  Paulus,  I.  141.  I. :  see  Paulus,  L. 

AEmilius.  II.  (Paolo  Emilio),  historian,  2  a. 
AEnaria:  see  Ischia. 

AEne'as,  Trojan  prince,  I.  141. 

AEneas  Syl'vius:  see  Pius  II.  (pope),  XIII. 
558,  1  a. 

AEne'id:  see  Virgil. 
tEnia'nes,  Grecian  tribe,  I.  141. 

AE'nus,  river,  IX.  285,  2  c. 

AEo'lice  In'sulce,  X.  517,  1  ab. 

AEolian  attachment ,  to  piano,  XIII.  491,  2  c. 
JEolian  Harp,  I.  141 ;  ill.,  142.  Its  harmonic 
tones,  I.  71,  2  a. 

HEolian  Isles  :  see  Lipari  Islands. 

AEolian  league,  I.  142,  1  c;  II.  17,  1  a. 
AEolians,  division  of  the  Hellenic  race,  I.  142. 
AEol'ic  dialect,  VIII.  207,  2  c. 

AE'olids ,  ancient  race  of  heroes,  I.  142,  2  a. 
^EolTpyle,  or  AEolipile,  I.  142. 

AE'olis,  district  of  Asia  Minor,  I.  142. 
iE'oLUS,  mythical  Hellenic  king,  I.  142.  A 
subordinate  god,  ruler  of  the  winds,  2  a. 
AE'on,  in  Gnosticism,  1. 142  ;  II.  364,  1  a ;  VIII. 
52,  2  c. 

AEpi'nus,  Johann  [Ger.  a-pe'-noos],  I.  142. 

Franz  Ulrich  Theodor,  physicist,  2  c. 
AEpyor'nis  (ornithology),  I.  607,  2  a. 

AE'qui,  AEquic'oli,  or  AEquicula'ni,  I.  143 ; 
IX.  439,  2  a. 

^Equum  Faliscum,  or  Falisca  :  see  Falerii. 
AEra'rium,  Roman  state  treasury,  VII.  215,  2  bo 
(Fisc). 

Aerial  acid  [a-e'-re-al],  II.  558,  1  c. 

Aerial  gulf  stream ,  I.  148,  1  a;  effect  on  the 
winter  temperature  of  England,  ib. 

Aerial  ships,  I.  150,  2  c. 

Aerians  [a-e'-re-ans],  semi-Arian  sect,  I.  143. 
A'erides  [a-Sr'-e-deez],  air  plants,  I.  218,  2  b. 


AfiRIFORM  bodies 


AFRICAN 


11 


Aeriform  todies  [a'-er-e-form],  chemical  con¬ 
ditions  of,  X.  708,  1  b. 

Aerius  [a-e'-re-us],  founder  of  the  sect  of  Adri¬ 
ans,  I.  143,  1  b. 

A'ero-dynam'ic  problems,  XIII.  629,  1  c. 
AerOe,  or  Arroe  [a'-ruh,  ar'-rfth],  island,  1. 143. 
Aerokli'noscope,  weather-signal  instrument, 

I.  143. 

Aerolite  [a'-er-o-lite],  I.  143.  Stony  aero¬ 
lites,  145, 1  a;  metallic,  ib.  Widmannstaett’s 
figures,  1  c  (ill.). 

A'eromancy ,  X.  846,  2  c  (Magic). 

Aerom'eter,  I.  145. 

Aeronautical  society ,  I.  150,  2  c. 

Aeronau'ttcs,  or  Aerostation,  I.  145 ;  illustra¬ 
tions,  146,  149,  150. 

Aeronauts ,  distinguished ,  I.  145-150. 
Aerostation :  see  Aeronautics. 

AErtha  [air'-tha] :  see  Hertha. 

AEs  [eez],  unit  of  Roman  money,  XI.  738,  1  a. 
AE'salon  lithofal'co  (ornithology),  XIII.  508, 
1  b. 

JEschines  [es'-ke-neez],  Athenian  orator,  I. 
151.  Philosopher,  1  c. 

.zEschylus  [es'-ke-lus],  tragedian,  I.  151.  In¬ 
effectual  struggle  against  the  popular  inno¬ 
vations  of  Pericles,  XIII.  292,  1  c. 
-ZEscula'pius,  mythical,  I.  152.  His  temple  at 
Athens,  site  of,  II.  61,  1  c. 

AEsculine  [es'-ku-lin],  its  fluorescence,  VII. 
290,  2  b. 

AEsculus  (botany) :  see  Horse  Chestnut. 
AEser'nia :  see  Isernia. 

AEsh'na  (dragon  fly),  VI.  240,  1  a. 

AEsir  [a'-ser] :  see  Odin. 

AEsis ,  AEsium :  see  Jesi. 

AEsop,  fabulist,  I.  153. 

HEso'pus,  Clodius,  actor,  I.  153. 

HSsthet'ics,  1. 153.  Founder  of  the  science  of, 

II.  377,  1  c. 

AEsymnetes  [e-sim'-ne-teez],  official  title,  XIII. 
554,  1  c. 

AEtha'lia,  VI.  492,  2  c  (Elba). 

AEthalium  (fungus),  rapid  growth  of,  VII. 

530,  1  a ;  in  greenhouse  hotbeds,  533,  2  a. 
AEthelings  [eth'-e-lings],  Anglo-Saxon  nobility, 
I.  499,  2  b. 

AE'ther :  see  Ether. 

AEther ,  in  the  Orphic  cosmogony,  XII.  711, 
1  a. 

AEthiop'ica ,  a  romance,  VIII.  619,  1  b. 
AE'thiops  mineral,  IV.  600,  1  be. 
zE'thrioscope,  I.  154  (ill.).  Its  use  as  a  hy¬ 
drometer,  2  c. 


AEthu’sa :  see  Favignana. 

Aetian  heresy,  so  called,  I.  155,  1  a. 

Aetians  [a-e'-shanz],  followers  of  Aetius,  I. 
700,  2  a. 

Aetion  [a-e'-te-on],  painter,  I.  154. 

Aetius  [a-e'-shusl,  heresiarch,  so  styled,  I. 

154;  700,  2  a. 

Aetius,  a  general,  I.  155„ 

^ Etob’atis  (ichthyology),  XIV.  223,  1  be. 
.zEto'lia,  in  Greece,  I.  156. 

Afanasieff,  Alexander  Nikolaievitch  [a-fa-na- 
se-ef'],  Russian  author,  I.  156. 

A'fer,  Domitius,  orator,  I.  156. 

A far',  Mohammedan  nation,  I.  79,  2  c. 
Affiches  [af-feesh],  I.  137,  2  c. 

Affida'vit,  in  law,  1. 157.  Form  and  nature 
of,  1  b  and  c.  Persons  who  may  take  affi¬ 
davits,  2  ab.  Affidavit  of  merits,  2  c. 
Affin'ity,  personal,  I.  158. 

Affinity,  Chemical,  I.  158.  How  different 
from  cohesion,  2  ab.  How  effected,  2  c. 
Changes  produced  by  it,  159, 1  ab.  Degrees 
of  strength  among  different  elements,  1  c. 
Origin  and  development  of  the  theory  of 
affinities,  II.  558,  2  b  (Bergman). 
Affirma'tion,  in  law,  I.  159. 

Affonso,  I.  295  (Alfonso).  Duke :  see  Beagan- 
qa,  House  of. 

Affray',  XIV.  343,  2  c  (Riot). 

Affre,  Denis  Auguste  [afr’j,  archbishop,  1. 159. 
Ajfronte  [af-frong-ta],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 
1  b. 

A  fusion,  as  a  form  of  baptism,  II.  290,  2  ab. 
Afghan  language  and  literature ,  I.  162,  2  c; 

IX.  346,  1  b  (Iranic  Races  and  Languages). 
Afghanistan',  1. 160  (map).  Physical  features 
and  climate,  ib.  Government,  2  a.  Princi¬ 
pal  tribes,  2  ab.  Religion,  2  c.  History, 
ib.  Attempted  occupation  by  the  British, 
161,  1  c  ;  its  disastrous  failure,  2  b. 

Afium  Kara-Hissar  [a-fe-ooin'  ka'-ra-his- 
sar'],  Turkish  city,  I.  163. 

Afrag'ola,  town,  I.  163. 

Afra'nius,  Lucius,  Roman  orator,  I.  163. 
Af'rica,  I.  163.  (Map.)  Physical  features,  2  a. 
Coast  line,  2  b.  Mountain  system,  164,  1  c. 
Deserts,  165,  1  ab;  Sahara,  ib.  Southern 
Africa,  165,  2  c.  Njle,  166,  2  ab.  Lakes, 
167,  1  a.  Geology,  2  b.  Fauna,  168,  1  be. 
Flora,  169,  1  b.  Population,  1  c.  Political 
divisions,  169,  2  ab.  Discoverers,  170,  2  a. 
Slave  trade,  suppression  of,  171,  1  a. 

Africa,  Languages  of,  I.  171. 

African  colonization:  see  Cary,  Lott;  Ash- 


12 


AFRICAN 


AGGERHUUS 


mun,  Jehudi ;  Colonization  Society  ;  Li¬ 
beria  ;  'Sierra  Leone. 

African  fever,  X.  397,  2  b. 

African  Roscius,  the  :  see  Aldridge,  Ira. 

African  rose,  XIII.  714,  2  c. 

African  travel,  recent:  see  Baker,  Sir  Samuel 
White;  Barth,  Heinrich;  Beke,  Charles 
Tilstone ;  Burton,  Richard  Francis ;  Du 
Chaillu,  Paul  Belloni ;  Grant,  James 
Augustus  ;  IIeuglin,  Theodor  von  ;  Living¬ 
stone,  David;  Nachtigal,  Gustav;  Rohlfs, 
Gerhard  ;  Schweinfurth,  Georg  August ; 
Speke,  John  Hanning;  Stanley,  H.  M. 

Africanders ,  of  Cape  Colony,  III.  742,  2  c. 

Africa'nus,  Sextus  Julius,  early  Christian 
writer,  I.  171. 

Afternoon  lady,  plant,  XI.  216,  1  b  (Marvel 
of  Peru). 

Afze'lius,  Adam,  naturalist,  I.  171.  Arvid 
August,  author,  2  b. 

Ag'a,  title,  I.  171 ;  IX.  526,  1  c. 

Ag'adez,  African  city,  I.  171. 

Agadir  [ag-a-deer'j,  seaport,  I.  172. 

Agalmat' olite,  ox  figure  stone,  XII.  490,  1  b. 

Ag'ama  (lizard),  IX.  178,  2  c  (ill.,  179). 

Agamem'non,  legendary  hero,  I.  171. 

Agamen'ticus ,  now  York,  Me.,  VIII.  113,  2  c. 

Ag'ami,  bird,  I.  172  (ill.). 

Agamogen'esis,  XIII.  132,  2  a  (Parthenogene¬ 
sis). 

Aganip'pe,  fountain,  I.  172. 

Aganip' pides  (the  muses),  I.  172,  2  b. 

Ag'aPaE,  in  the  ancient  church,  I.  172. 

Agapan'  thus  umbella'tus  (botany),  X.  473,  1  b. 

Agapemone  [ag-a-pem'-o-ne],  or  Abode  of 
Love,  fanatical  sect,  I.  172. 

Agape'taE,  in  the  ancient  church,  I.  173. 

Agapeti ,  I.  173,  1  a  (Agapet.e). 

Agapornis  (parrot),  XIII.  127,  1  a. 

Agard',  Arthur,  antiquary,  I.  173. 

Agardh  [a'-gard],  Karl  Adolf,  naturalist,  I. 
173.  Jacob  Georg,  his  son,  1  b. 

Ag'aric,  Mineral,  I.  173.  Birch  agaric  (fun¬ 
gus),  1  c  (Agaricus). 

Agar'icus,  fungus,  I.  173  ;  XII.  70  (Mush¬ 
room).  Rapid  growth  of,  VII.  530,  1  a ; 
expansive  force,  ib. ;  luminosity,  1  b.  A. 
campestris,  VII.  530,  2  b;  XII.  71, 1  ab  (ill.). 
A.  arvensis,  XII.  71, 1  b  (ill.).  A.  procerus,  2 
b  (ill.).  A.  muscarius,  VII.  531,  1  a  (ill.)  ; 
as  a  fly  poison,  1  b.  A.  caudicinus,  530,  2  c. 
Agarici  (classification  of),  533,  2  c. 

Ag'as  (of  Bosnia),  III.  112,  2  a. 

Aga'sias,  sculptor,  I.  173. 


Agassiz,  Louis  John  Rudolph  [ag'-as-se],  nat¬ 
uralist,  I.  173.  His  work  on  fossil  fishes, 
174,  2  c.  Relation  of  the  Creator  to  the 
universe,  175,  1  a.  History  of  the  fresh¬ 
water  fishes,  1  c.  Nomenclator  Zoologicus, 
2  a.  His  glacial  theory,  2  c.  Residence  in 
the  United  States,  176,  1  b.  Classification 
of  insects,  VI.  662,  1  c;  of  fishes,  IX.  161, 

1  b,  2  c.  On  animal  development,  VII.  11, 

2  b;  fossil  ichthyology,  240,  2  be;  cranial 
vertebra,  XIII.  425,  2  b.  (Died  1873.) 

Ag'ate,  mineral,  I.  177.  Derivation  of  the 
word,  I.  63,  2  b. 

Agate  de  la  sainte  chapelle  [a-gat  dull  la  sangt 
sha-pel],  (cameo),  III.  652,  1  a. 

Ag'atha,  Saint,  I.  179. 

Agatharchides,  or  Agatharchus  [ag-a-thar'- 
ke-deez,  -kus],  geographer,  I.  179. 
Agatharchus,  geographical  writer  (Agathar- 

CHIDES). 

Agathar'chus,  artist,  I.  179. 

Agath'ias,  Byzantine  writer,  I.  179. 
Agathocles  [a-gath'-o-kleez],  I.  179  ;  IV.  38, 

1  c.  Gold  coin  of,  II.  208,  1  c  (ill.). 
Ag'athon,  poet,  I.  179. 

Aga've,  plant,  I.  179.  A.  Americana  (Ameri¬ 
can  aloe),  2  c  (ill.,  180)  ;  III.  665,  2  b. 
Agawam',  IX.  344,  2  c  (Ipswich)  ;  XV.  289,  1 
b  (Springfield). 

Agde  [agd],  city,  I.  180. 

Age,  an  historic  period,  I.  180.  Duration  of 
human  life,  181,  2  ab.  Age  of  brute  ani¬ 
mals,  182,  2  a ;  of  plants,  183,  2  c. 

Age,  legal,  I.  181,  1  c,  2  a. 

Age  of  decrepitude ,  in  ancient  art,  XII.  795, 

2  b. 

Ageing ,  in  calico  printing,  III.  596,  2  c;  in 
dyeing,  VI.  340,  1  a. 

Agelaius  phceniceus  (ornithology),  II.  675,  2  b 
(ill.). 

Agen  [a-zhang],  town,  I.  185. 

Agen'da,  liturgical  book,  XVI.  116,  2  c. 

Agen' dicum ,  ancient  town  :  see  Sens. 

Agent,  in  law,  I.  185. 

Agents  de  change  [a-zliang  duh  shaVzh],  in  the 
Paris  bourse,  XV.  388,  2  be. 

Ages,  historic  epochs,  I.  185.  Age  of  stone, 
2  c ;  of  bronze,  ib. ;  of  iron,  186,  1  a.  See 
Archaeology,  642.  Middle  Ages,  186,  1  a. 
Dark  Ages,  1  b. 

Agesilaus  [a-jes-e-la'-us],  king,  1. 186 ;  188, 1  a. 
Agesis'trata ,  referred  to,  I.  187,  2  c. 
Aggeriiuus  [ag'-ger-hooce],  or  Akershuus,  I. 
187 ;  IV.  529,  2  b ;  ancient  castle  of,  2  c. 


AGGEUS 


AGPJPPA 


13 


Ag'geus :  seo  Haggai. 

Agglii tinative  type,  of  language,  XVI.  42,  2 
ab. 

Agharu  [a-ga-roo'],  tree,  III.  504,  1  b. 

Aghrim,  or  Aughrim  [awg'-rim],  village,  1. 187. 

Victory  of  William  III.  over  James  II.,  ib. 
Aghtamar ',  patriarch  of,  I.  725,  2  a. 

Agila  [aj'-e-la],  or  eaglewood,  III.  564,  1  ab. 
Agincourt  [Fr.  a-zliang-koor],  now  Azincourt, 

I.  187.  Battle  of,  1  c ;  IV.  286,  1  c. 
Agincourt,  Jean  Baptiste  Louis  George  Se- 

roux  d’,  archaeologist,  I.  187. 

A'gis,  name  of  four  kings  of  Sparta,  I.  187. 
Agla ,  cabalistic  word,  V.  795,  2  a. 
Agla'ophon,  painter,  I.  188. 

Aglegmutes ,  Indian  tribe,  XV.  598,  2  ab. 
Agme'gue,  or  Gagmegue,  Indian  tribe,  I.  188. 
Agnano  [a-nya'-no],  lake,  I.  188. 

Ag' nates,  in  Scotch  law,  V.  19,  1  b ;  in  Roman 
law,  ib.,  and  VI.  38,  2  c. 

Ag'nes,  Saint,  I.  188. 

Agnes  Sorel  [Fr.  a-nyess  so-rel],  I.  188 ;  V. 
14,  1  b. 

Agnes,  daughter  of  Albert  I.,  I.  251, 1  c.  Her 
bloody  vengeance  on  her  father’s  murder¬ 
ers  and  their  innocent  relatives  and  vassals, 
IX.  656,  1  ab.  Her  pious  use  of  their  es¬ 
tates,  1  b. 

Agnesi  [a-nya'-ze],  Maria  Gaetana,  learned  Ital¬ 
ian  lady,  I.  188.  Maria  Teresa,  2  c. 

Ag'ni,  Hindoo  divinity,  IX.  223,  2  b  ;  224,  1  c, 
2  c  ;  225,  1  be. 

Agnoet^e  [ag-no-e'-te],  name  of  two  heretical 
sects,  I.  188. 

Agnolo,  Baccio  d’  [bat'-cho  da'-nyo-lo],  Flor¬ 
entine  architect,  I.  188. 

Agnolo :  see  Agostino. 

Agno'men,  in  Roman  personal  names,  XII.  127, 
2  a. 

Agnone  [a-nyo'-na],  Italian  town,  I.  189. 
Agnosciola :  see  Angtjisciola. 

Ag'nus  Dei,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  I. 

189.  In  the  Greek  church,  1  a. 

Ag'obard,  Saint,  I.  189. 

Agon'io  Line,  I.  189  (ill.). 

Agonis'tce,  eremites,  XI.  729,  1  b. 

Agonis'tici,  sect  of  ascetics,  I.  189. 

Ag'ora,  Grecian,  I.  655,  2  a;  of  Athens  (site), 

II.  59,  2  c. 

Agos'ta,  or  Augusta,  seaport,  I.  189. 
Agostino  and  Agnolo  or  Angelo  [a-gos-te'-no, 
a'-nyo-lo,  an'-ja-lo],  sculptors  and  architects, 

I.  190. 

Agoult,  Marie  Catherine  Sophie  de  Flavigny, 


countess  d’  [da-goo],  French  authoress,  I. 
190.  Cosima,  her  daughter,  III.  ‘432,  2  b. 
See  Bulow. 

Agou'ti,  animal,  1. 190  (ill.).  Varieties  of,  2  c. 
Ag'ra,  province,  I.  190.  District,  191,  1  a. 
Capital  city,  ib.  Taj  Mahal,  mausoleum^ 

1  ab  (ill.). 

Agraffe  [a-graf '],  of  piano,  XIII.  490,  2  c. 
Ag'ram,  town,  I.  191. 

Agra'rian  Laws,  Roman,  I.  191. 

Agrarian  scheme,  attempted  in  Sparta,  I.  187, 

2  c. 

Agreda,  Maria  de  (Coronel),  [a-gra/-£Aa],  nun, 
I.  192.  Her  life  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  2  b. 
Agreement  :  see  Contract. 

Agrib,  Agreeb,  or  Gharib,  Mount  [a-greeb', 
ga-reeb'],  I.  192. 

Agrio'ola,  Cneius  Julius,  Roman  general,  I. 

192.  Referred  to,  XIV.  677,  2  be. 
Agricola,  Georg,  mineralogist  and  physician, 

1. 193  ;  IV.  359,  1  b.  Johann  Friedrich,  mu¬ 
sician  and  composer,  I.  193,  1  a.  Johannes 
(John),  theologian,  1  b ;  his  development  of 
Antinomianism,  566,  1  a.  Rudolf,  scholar, 

193,  1  c. 

Agricultural  Chemistry,  I.  193.  Composi¬ 
tion  of  vegetable  and  animal  substances,  2  a. 
Ash  of  plants,  194,  1  c.  Atmosphere  and 
soil,  2  c.  Soils,  195,  1  b  ;  restoration  of,  2 
c.  Analysis  of  soils,  196,  1  c.  Theory  of 
manuring,  197, 1  a.  Rotation  of  crops,  198, 

1  b.  Composition  of,  and  value  as  food,  2  c. 
Relations  between  food  and  functional  de¬ 
velopment,  199,  1  a. 

Agricultural  schools ,  VI.  430,  1  c. 
Agriculture,  I.  200.  Ancient  Greek,  2  a. 
Ancient  Roman,  2  c ;  Roman  agricultural 
writers,  201,  1  c ;  Roman  agricultural  uten¬ 
sils  and  farming,  2  b.  Agriculture  in  Brit¬ 
ain,  202,  1  c  ;  in  Europe  from  the  16th  cen¬ 
tury,  2  c ;  in  the  United  States,  205,  2  b. 
Practical  agriculture  in  Great  Britain,  207, 

2  a. 

“  Agriculture  and  Russia,'11  Swedish  political 
faction,  VIII.  339,  2  a. 

Agrigentum  [ag-re-jen'-tum];  city,  I.  207. 

Temple  of  Concord,  ruins  of  (ill.),  208. 
Ag’rion  (entomology),  VI.  240,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Agrio'nia,  Bacchic  festival,  I.  208. 

Agrio'tes  (entomology),  XVI.  678,  2  a. 
Agrip'pa,  Herodes :  see  Herod.  Marcus  Vip- 
sanius,  I.  208,  1  c. 

Agrippa  von  Hettesiieim,  Heinrich  Cornelius 
[fon  net'-tess-hime],  philosopher,  I.  208. 


14 


AGRIPPINA 


AIMAKS 


Agrippi'na,  daughter  of  Agrippa  and  Julia,  I. 
208.  Daughter  of  the  preceding,  209,  1  a. 

Agros'tis  (botany),  VIII.  166,  1  b.  A.  alba, 
168,  1  a.  A.  vulgaris,  167,  2  c  (ill.) ;  XV. 
757,  2  c. 

Agrotid'ians ,  moths,  XI.  870, 1  a;  V.  597,  1  c. 

Agro'tis  (entomology),  V.  597, 1  b.  European 
species,  1  c ;  American,  2  a. 

Agua,  Volcan  de  [vole-kan'  da  a'-gwa],  moun¬ 
tain,  I.  209. 

Aguado,  Alexandre  Marie  [Sp.  a-gwa'-^o], 
banker,  I.  209. 

Aguardiente  [a-gwar-£Ae-ain'-ta],  a  fiery  dis¬ 
tilled  spirit,  XIII.  692,  2  a;  XIV.  79,  1  c. 

Agtjas  Calientes  [a'-gwass  ka-le-ain'-tace], 
Mexican  state,  I.  209.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Ague  [a'-gu],  I.  209.  Dumb  ague,  2  b.  Ague 
cake,  xb  * 

Aguesseau,  Henri  Francois  d’  [da-ghes-so], 
French  jurist,  I.  209. 

Aguilar,  or  Aguilar  de  la  Frontera  [a-ghe-lar' 
da  la  frone-ta'-ra],  Spanish  town,  I.  209. 

Aguilar,  Grace,  English  authoress,  I.  210. 

Aguirre,  Jose  Saenz  de  [a-gheer'-ra],  learned 
Benedictine,  I.  210.  Lope  de,  a  noted  crim¬ 
inal,  1  b. 

Agulhas  [a-goo'-lyass],  cape,  I.  210. 

Agulhas  current ,  IX.  244,  2  ab. 

Agustina  [a-goos-te'-na],  maid  of  Saragossa,  I. 

210. 

Agynia'ni,  or  Agynii,  fanatical  sect,  I.  210. 

Agynii :  see  Agyniani. 

A'hab,  Israelitish  king,  I.  210. 

Ahan'ta,  Africa,  I.  210. 

Ahasue'rus,  Persian  king,  I.  210 ;  XVI.  758, 1  a. 

Ahasuerus :  see  Wandering  Jew. 

A'iiaz  :  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  589,  1  a. 

Ahazi'ah,  Israelitish  king,  I.  210.  Son  and 
successor  of  Jehoram,  211,  1  a. 

Aheers'  (Aryan),  IX.  213,  2  be;  214,  1  be. 

Ahenobar'bus ,  I.  209,  1  a. 

Ahim'elecii,  a  Hebrew  high  priest,  I.  211. 

Ahith'ophel,  a  confederate  of  Absalom,  I.  211. 

Ahl'den ,  princess  of,  XV.  167,  2  be. 

AnLEFELD,  Charlotte  Sophie  Luise  Wilhelmine 
von  [fon  a'-l&h-felt],  I.  211. 

Ahlfeld,  Johann  Friedrich  [al'-felt],  clergy¬ 
man,  I.  211. 

Aiilquist,  August  Engelbert  [al'-kwist],  phi¬ 
lologist  and  poet,  I.  211. 

Ahlwardt,  Theodor  Wilhelm  [al'-vart],  ori¬ 
entalist,  I.  211. 

Ah'med ,  pasha:  see  Bonneval,  C.  A.,  III.  71, 
1  ab. 


Ahmed ,  Karmath ,  II.  24,  1  a. 

Ahmed  Khan:  see  Aiimed  Shah. 

Ahmed  Shah,  founder  of  the  Afghan  mon¬ 
archy,  I.  211 ;  160,  2  c  (Ahmed  Khan). 

Aiimedabad',  or  Alimadabad,  town  of  British 
India,  I.  212. 

Ahmednug'gur,  or  Ahmadnagar,  district  of 
British  India,  I.  212.  Capital  town,  1  be. 

Ahn,  Johann  Franz  [an],  grammarian,  I.  212. 

Ahrens,  Heinrich  [a'-rence],  jurist  and  psy¬ 
chologist,  I.  212. 

Aiiriman',  in  the  ancient  Persian  religion,  I. 
212  ;  XII.  704,  1  b. 

Ahts,  family  of  tribes :  see  Nootkas. 

Ahu,  Tartarian  roebuck,  XIV.  386,  1  a. 

Ahura-Mazda :  see  Ormuzd. 

Ahwaz',  or  Ahwuz,  Persian  town,  I.  212, 

Ai  [a'-I],  city  of  Palestine,  I.  212. 

Aidan,  St.  [a'-dan],  missionary,  I.  213. 

Aidin  [I-deen'],  province  of  Turkey,  I.  213. 
Capital  city,  1  a. 

Aigocerus  niger  (zoology),  sable  antelope,  I. 
545,  2  a  (ill.). 

Aigoon  [i-goon'J,  treaty  of,  I.  433,  2  b. 

Aiguebelle  [aig-bel],  town,  I.  213. 

Aiguebelle,  Paul  Alexandre  N eveue  d’,  F ranco- 
Chinese  naval  commander,  I.  213. 

Aigues-Mortes  [aig-mort],  town,  I.  213. 

Aiguille  [a-gwey’J,  Alpine  peaks,  I.  213  ;  XI. 
776,  1  b. 

Aiguillon,  Armand  Vignerot  Duplessis-Riche- 
lieu,  due  d’  [da-gwe'-yong],  I.  213. 

Ai'ken,  township,  I.  213. 

Aiken,  John,  author,  I.  213.  Arthur,  214,  1 
a.  Lucy,  1  b. 

Aikin ,  Mary  Elizabeth ,  III.  328,  1  b. 

Aik'man,  William,  painter,  I.  214. 

Ailali  [i'-la] :  see  Elath. 

Allan' thus  :  see  Ailantus. 

Ailan'tus,  I.  214.  A.  glandulosa,  1  c.  A. 
excelsa,  ib. 

Ailly,  Pierre  d’  [da-ye],  or  Petrus  de  Alliaco, 
prelate,  I.  214. 

Ail'red,  Ealred,  or  Ethelred,  historian  and 
theologian,  I.  214. 

Ailsa  Craig,  islet,  I.  214. 

Ailsa  rock,  I.  214,  2  c  (Ailsa  Craig);  II.  170, 
2  c.  “  Is  firm  as  Ailsa  rock.”  Scott’s  “Lord 
of  the  Isles,”  canto  vi.,  xxviii. 

Ailu'rus  (zoology),  XIII.  36,  2  a.  A.  fulgens,  2 
b  (ill.). 

Aimags  [i'-mags],  the,  Iranic  race,  IX.  347,  1 
ab. 

Aimaks  [i'-maks],  Mongolian  race,  XI.  747, 1  b. 


AIMARD 


AKHYSKHA 


15 


Aimard,  Gustave  [a-mar],  novelist,  I.  214. 
Aim^-Martin,  Louis  [a-ma-mar-tang],  author, 
T.  215. 

Aimon,  or  Aymon,  the  four  sons  of,  I.  215. 
Aimores  [I-mo-race'J,  a  name  of  the  Botocudos, 

III.  140,  2  a. 

Ain  [&"«],  department  of  France,  I.  215. 
Ain-Madhi  [Ine-ma-de'],  town  and  oasis,  I.  215. 
Ainmuller,  Maximilian  Emanuel  [me'-mul- 
ler],  artist,  I.  215. 

Ainos,  or  Ainus  [I'-nos,  i'-noos],  tribes,  I.  215  ; 
IX.  541,  2  ah. 

Ains'lie  Bond ,  the,  III.  140,  1  b. 

Ainsty  of  Yorlc ,  XVI.  790,  2  a. 

Ainsworth,  Henry,  Brownist,  I.  216. 
Ainsworth,  Robert,  lexicographer,  I.  216. 
Ainsworth,  William  Francis,  traveller,  I.  216. 

William  Harrison,  novelist,  2  a. 

Aintab  [Ine-tab'],  Turkish  city,  I.  216. 

Air  :  see  Atmosphere. 

Air,  deterioration  of,  XVI.  451,  2  c  ;  455,  1  a; 
capacity  for  moisture,  452,  1  b.  Quantity 
required  hourly  for  human  life,  II.  84,  2  a ; 
for  perfect  ventilation,  XVI.  452,  2  ab. 

Air,  atmospheric,  in  respiration,  XIV.  278, 1  a. 

Constitution  and  properties  of,  XI.  432,  2  b. 
Air,  dephlogisticated ,  XII.  769,  lb  (Oxygen); 
empyreal,  ib. 

Air,  dry  atmospheric,  absorptive  power  of, 
XVI.  91,  2  b  (Tyndall). 

Air  affected  by  growing  plants ,  II.  84,  2  a. 

Air  [Ire],  or  Asben,  oasis,  I.  216. 

Ai'ra  (botany),  VIII.  166,  2  a  (ill.). 

Airavati  [I-ra-va'-te] :  see  Irrawaddy. 

Air  Bladder,  of  fish,  I.  217. 

Air  Cells,  in  plants,  I.  217.  In  birds,  II.  653, 
1  c. 

Air  compressor,  for  rock  drills,  III.  100,  1  ab 
(ill.). 

Air'drie,  borough,  I.  218. 

Aire,  river,  I.  218. 

Aire  [air],  two  cities,  I.  218. 

Airedale  college,  III.  180,  1  a. 

Air  engine,  invention  of,  IV.  160,  2  a. 

Air  Gun,  I.  218  (ill.). 

Air  martyrs ,  XV.  434,  1  c  (Stylites). 

Air  Plants,  I.  218 ;  XV.  753,  2  c  (Tillandsia). 
Air  Pump,  I.  219.  Simplest  form,  2  a  (ill.). 
With  double  barrel,  22<^  1  a  (ill.,  219,  2  c). 
Improved  constructions,  with  illustrations, 
220,  ff.  Uses  in  arts  and  manufactures,  222. 
Its  alleged  inventor,  III.  173,  2  be. 

Air  suction  pump,  I.  221,  1  b  (ill.). 

Air  vesicles  of  the  lungs,  X.  721,  2  b. 


Air  Vessels,  or  Spiral  Vessels,  in  plants,  I. 

222. 

Ai'ry,  George  Biddell,  astronomer,  I.  222. 

Aisha :  see  Ayesha. 

Aisne  [ain],  department  of  France,  I.  223. 

Aissk,  Mile,  [ais-sa],  Circassian  lady,  I.  223. 

Ait'kin,  county,  I.  223. 

Ai'ton,  William,  gardener  and  botanist,  L 
223.  William  Townsend,  2  a. 

Aitzema,  Lieuwe  van  [Ite-za'-ma],  historian, 
I.  223. 

Aix  [aiks],  town  of  France,  I.  223. 

Aix-la-Chapelle  [aiks-la-sha-pel],  town,  I. 
223.  Treaty  of,  1668,  224,  1  b.  Treaty  of, 
1748,  1  c ;  alluded  to,  VII.  706,  1  c.  Con¬ 
gress  of,  1818,  I.  224,  2  a.  Cathedral  re¬ 
ferred  to,  IV.  292,  1  c. 

Aix-les-Bains  [aiks-la-bans],  or  Aix,  I.  224. 

Aix  sponsa  [a'-ix],  (ornithology),  XVI.  707,  2  b 
(ill.).  A.  galericulata,  708,  1  be. 

Aizanas ,  Axumite  prince,  II.  167,  2  b,  c. 

Aiza'ni,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  I.  224. 

Ajaccio  [a-yat'-cho],  city,  I.  224.  Birthplace 
of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  225,  1  a  (ill.,  224). 

Aj'alon,  or  Ai'jalon,  town  of  Palestine,  I.  225. 

A'jan,  Africa,  I.  225. 

Ajar,  female  principle  in  the  theogony  of  the 
Christians  of  St.  John,  IV.  546,  1  c. 

A'jax,  name  of  two  Greek  chiefs,  I.  225. 

Ajmeer',  or  Ajmere,  district,  I.  225.  Capital 
city,  2  b. 

Afuga  (botany),  VII.  320,  1  ab. 

Ak'abaii,  fortified  village,  I.  225.  Gulf  of,  ib. 

Ak'bar,  or  Akber,  Jelal-ed-Deen  Mohammed, 
Mogul  emperor,  I.  225  ;  IX.  208,  2  b. 

Akbar,  fort,  I.  191,  1  a. 

Akbar  mosque,  the,  IX.  733,  1  ab. 

Akene’  (botany),  XIII.  590,  2  b. 

A'kenside,  Mark,  physician  and  poet,  I.  226. 

Akerblad  (Swed.  Alcerblad,  o'-ker-blad),  Jo¬ 
han  David,  philologist,  I.  226. 

Ak'erman,  or  Akjerman  [ak'-yer-man],  town, 
I.  226. 

A'kers,  Benjamin  Paul,  sculptor,  I.  226. 

Akershuus :  see  Aggerhuus. 

% 

AKHALTZiKn',  Aklialzikh,  Achalzik,  or  Akhys- 
kha,  town,  I.  226. 

AKmssAR',  or  Ek-IIissar,  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
I.  226. 

AxnLAT',  Turkish  town,  I.  226  ;  XVI.  252, 1  be. 

Akhmin :  see  ExnMiN. 

Aktityrka,  or  Achtyrka  [akh-teer'-ka],  town, 
I.  226. 

Akhyskha :  see  Akhaltzikh. 


16 


AKIBA 


ALBANENSES 


Ak'iba  ben  Joseph,  Jewish  rabbi,  I.  226. 

Akjerman :  see  Akerman. 

Akmolinsk',  province,  I.  226. 

Ak'eon,  city,  I.  227. 

Aksa ,  mosque,  IX.  615,  1  c. 

Ak-Shehr  [ak-sbair'],  town,  I.  227- 

Aksiari  [ak-se-a'-re],  I.  227,  1  b  (Ak-Shehr). 

Aksu  [ak-soo'J,  or  Oksu,  town,  East  Turkistan, 
I.  227. 

Akyab',  town,  British  Burmab,  I.  227. 

Al,  il,  or  ul,  Arabic  definite  article,  I.  227. 

Alabama  [al-a-ba'-ma],  I.  227.  State  seal,  ib. 
Population,  228,  1  b.  Physical  features,  1 
c.  Natural  curiosities,  229,  1  c.  Climate, 
2  a.  Soil  and  productions,  2  b.  Commerce, 
230,  1  b.  Intercommunication,  1  c.  Con¬ 
stitution  and  government,  231,  1  a.  Educa¬ 
tion,  2  b,  and  232,  1  c.  Public  institutions, 
232,  1  b.  Keligious  denominations,  2  ab. 
History,  2  b ;  secession  and  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  233, 1  a.  Measures  of  reconstruc¬ 
tion,  234. 

Alabama,  river,  I.  234. 

Alabama ,  rebel  privateer,  X.  494,  1  a ;  XIV. 
763,  1  c.  Destruction  of,  XVI.  673,  1  a. 

Alabama  claims ,  settlement  of  by  the  Geneva 
tribunal,  XVI.  187,  1  c  and  2  b.  See  Eng¬ 
land,  VI.  620,  1  a ;  Grant,  VIII.  160,  1  c ; 
Cockbtten,  IV.  785,  2  c ;  Cushing,  V.  590, 
2  a. 

Alabandine  [al-a-ban'-din],  XI.  102,  2  c  (Man¬ 
ganese). 

Al'abaster,  I.  234 ;  VIII.  358,  1  c. 

Alabas'tron ,  ancient  town,  I.  234,  2  c. 

Alachua  [a-latch'-oo-a],  county,  I.  235. 

Alacoque,  Marguerite  Marie  [a-la-kuk],  French 
nun,  I.  235 ;  XIII.  73,  1  c. 

Alacran  [a-la-kran'],  submergence  of,  I.  702, 
1  a  (Aeica). 

Ala  DAGn  [a'-la  dag],  mountain  chain  in  Turk¬ 
ish  Armenia,  I.  235.  Mountain  in  Asia  Mi¬ 
nor,  1  c. 

Alagoas,  Dos  [doce  a-la-go'-ass],  province,  I. 
235.  City,  2  a. 

Alain  de  Lille  [a-la"B  dhh  leel],  Cistercian 
scholar,  I.  235. 

Alais  [a-la],  city,  I.  235. 

Alajuela  [a-la-khwa'-la],  city,  I.  235. 

Alaka  [a-la'-ka],  in  the  Abyssinian  church,  I. 
49,  1  a. 

Alaman',  Lucas,  Mexican  statesman,  I.  235. 

Al'amance,  county,  I.  235.  Creek,  2  c. 

Alamance ,  battle  of  the,  IX.  90,  1  a. 

Alaman'ni,  or  Alemanni,  Luigi,  poet,  I.  236. 


Alamanni :  see  Alemanni. 

Alame'da,  county,  I.  236. 

Alameda  [a-la-ma'-£Aa],  promenade  at  Cadiz, 
III.  536,  2  c  (ill.). 

Alamo  [a'-la-mo],  fort,  I.  236.  Massacre  of  its 
garrison,  IX.  16,  2  b;  XV.  678,  1  ab. 
Alamos,  Keal  de  los  [ra-al'  da  loce  a/-la-moce], 
town,  I.  236. 

Alamut  [a-la-moot'J,  castle  of,  II.  24,  2  b. 
Alan,  Allen,  or  Allyn,  William,  theologian,  I. 
236. 

Aland  Islands  (Swed.  Aland ,  o'-land),  I.  237. 
Ala'ni,  Scythian  tribe,  I.  237. 

Alantine  [a-lan'-tin],  VI.  497,  2  c. 
Alantenouidet ,  IX.  777,  2  c  (Kean). 

Al-Araf',  in  Mohammedan  theology,  I.  237. 
Alarcon,  Hernando  (or  Fernando)  de  [a-lar- 
kone'],  Spanish  navigator,  1.  237.  The 
mouth  of  the  Colorado  discovered  by,  V. 
107,  2  be. 

Alarcon,  or  Alarcon  y  Mendoza,  Juan  Euiz  de, 
dramatist,  I.  237. 

Alard  [a-lar],  violinist,  allusion  to,  I.  378,  1  a. 
Al'aric  I.,  king  of  the  Visigoths,  I.  237.  Alaric 
II.,  238,  1  c. 

Alarm,  an  instrument,  I.  238.  Burglar  alarms, 

1  ab.  Alarm  clock,  2  b.  Fire-damp  alarm, 

2  c.  Alarm  whistle  (steam),  239,  1  a. 
Alarm  circuits ,  telegraphic,  XV.  619,  2  b. 
Alas'co,  John :  see  Laski. 

Ala-Sheiir  [a-la-shair'],  city,  I.  239. 

Alas'ka,  territory,  I.  239  (map).  Name,  2  a. 

Settlements,  2  b.  Physical  features,  240, 
1  b.  Climate,  241,  1  ab.  Vegetation,  2  a. 
Agricultural  resources,  2  ab.  Geology,  2  b. 
Fossils,  242,  1  a.  Animals,  ib.  Native  pop¬ 
ulation,  1  c.  Fisheries  and  fur  trade,  2  a. 
History,  2  b.  Sale  of  to  the  United  States, 
243,  1  a;  285,  1  a.  Fur  trade,  VII.  536,  1  b. 
A  latere  ( legatus ),  [lat'-e-re],  X.  318,  2  a. 
Alau'da  (ornithology),  X.  172,  1  a.  A.  arven- 
sis,  2  b  (ill.). 

Ai.ava  [a'-la-va],  province,  I.  243. 

Alb,  ecclesiastical  vestment,  I.  243. 

Al'ba,  city,  I.  243. 

Alba,  song,  XIV.  40,  2  a. 

Alba ,  duke  of:  see  Alva. 

Albacete  [al-ba-tha'-ta],  province,  I.  243. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Alba  Julia ,  ancient  name  of  Carlsburg,  III. 
795,  1  b. 

Alba  Longa,  ancient  city,  I.  243. 

Alban,  Saint,  I.  243. 

Albanen'ses,  sect,  I.  243. 


ALBANI 


ALBION 


17 


Albani,  or  Albano,  Francesco  [al-ba'-ne,  -no], 
painter,  I.  243. 

Albani ,  Giovanni  Francesco  (Clement  XL),  IY. 
663,  1  be. 

Alba'nia,  country  of  Asia,  I.  243. 

Albania,  province,  I.  244.  Albanian  costume 
(ill.).  Language  and  literature,  245,  1  a ; 
language,  VIII.  209,  1  b. 

Albanian  colony  in  Sicily :  see  Piana  del 
Greci. 

Albanian  gates ,  Caucasus,  referred  to,  YI.  29, 
2  a. 

Albanian  pass  of  the  Caucasus ,  IV.  133,  1  c. 
Albanians ,  colony  of  in  Catania,  IY.  100,  1  c. 
Albano  [al-ba'-no],  city,  I.  245.  Lake  of,  1  c. 
Albano ,  pseudonyme,  I.  123,  2  c. 

Albano :  see  Albani. 

Albany  [awl'-ba-ne],  name  of  two  counties, 
I.  245. 

Albany,  city,  I.  245.  View  of,  246.  State  in¬ 
stitutions,  2  c.  Dudley  observatory,  247,  1  a. 
New  capitol,  246,  1  c ;  ill.,  247.  Churches, 
247,  1  c.  History,  248,  1  a.  Origin  of  the 
name,  248,  2  a ;  XYI.  151,  2  a. 

Albany ,  count  of:  see  Charles  Edward  (Stu¬ 
art),  IY.  312,  2  c,  and  Albany,  L.  M.  C.  H., 
countess  of. 

Albany,  district  of  Cape  Colony,  I.  248. 
Albany ,  duke  of  IX.  513,  2  c. 

Albany,  Louise  Marie  Caroline  H£loise,  coun¬ 
tess  of,  wife  of  Charles  Edward  Stuart,  I. 
248  ;  IY.  312,  2  c.  Relation  to  the  poet 
Alfieri,  I.  294,  2  c,  295,  1  a;  to  the  painter 
Eabre,  VII.  52,  1  ab. 

Albany  beef  (sturgeon),  XY.  432,  1  c. 

Albany  regency ,  XIY.  792,  1  b ;  XVI.  254,  1 
a.  See  Weed,  Thurlow,  535,  1  a. 
Albateg'nius,  or  Albategni,  Arabian  prince 
and  astronomer,  I.  249. 

Al'batross,  bird,  I.  249  (ill.). 

Al-Belad'ori,  Abul  Ilassan  Ahmed,  historian, 

I.  249. 

Al'bemarle,  county,  I.  249. 

Albemarle ,  early  name  of  North  Carolina,  XII. 
495,  2  b. 

Albemarle ,  confederate  iron-clad  ram,  blown 
up,  XIII.  624,  1  b. 

Albemarle:  see  Aumale. 

Albemarle  Sound,  I.  250. 
Albergati-Capacelli,  Francesco,  marchese  d’ 
[dal-bair-ga'-te-ka-pa-chel'-le],  I.  250. 
Ai/berio  I.,  ruler  of  Rome,  I.  250.  Alberic 

II. ,  2  b. 

Alberi'cus  Gen'tilis ,  civilian,  X.  222,  2  b. 

2 


Alberoni,  Giulio  [al-bft-ro'-ne],  statesman,  I. 

250. 

Albers,  Johann  Friedrich  nermann  [dl'-berce], 
physician,  I.  250. 

Al'bert,  county,  I.  250. 

Albert  [al-bair],  pseudonyme,  I.  250. 

Albert,  archduke  of  Austria,  and  emperor  of 
Germany,  I.  250. 

Albert,  first  duke  of  Prussia,  I.  251. 

Albert  (Francis  Albert  Augustus  Charles 
Emanuel),  prince  consort  of  Great  Britain,  I. 

251. 

Albert ,  son  of  Ernest,  duke  of  Bavaria,  II.  576, 
2  a. 

Albert,  Friedrich  August,  crown  prince  of 
Saxony,  I.  252. 

Albert  bridge  (London),  X.  592,  1  c.  Albert 
embankment,  2  a. 

Albert  Edward,  prince  of  Wales,  &c.,  I.  252. 

Albert  Victor,  his  eldest  son,  2  a. 

Alberti,  Leone  Battista  [al-bair'-te],  architect, 
poet,  painter,  and  sculptor,  I.  252. 
Albertinelli,  Mariotto  [al-bair-te-nel'-le], 
painter,  I.  252. 

Albertine  university  (Konigsberg),  X.  41,  2  c. 
Albertists :  see  Albertus  Magnus,  I.  252,  2  c. 
Albertite ,  bituminous  mineral,  II.  672,  1  a. 
Albert  memorial  monument  (London),  X.  597, 
1  a  (ill.,  596). 

Albert  memorial  tower  (Belfast),  II.  486,  1  ab 
(ill.). 

Albert  N’yanza,  African  lake,  a  source  of 
the  Nile :  see  N’yanza,  XII.  548,  1  a,  447, 
1  c,  and  I.  166,  2  b,  167,  1  c. 

Albert  stone ,  XIY.  600,  2  be. 

Albertus  Magnus,  scholar,  I.  252 ;  IY.  358, 
1  c.  Androides  made  by  him,  II.  155,  1  b. 
Albertype ,  XIII.  472,  2  a;  XY.  248,  1  c. 

Al'bi,  or  Alby,  town,  I.  253. 

Al'bicore ,  fish,  XYI.  40,  1  a. 

Albigen'ses,  I.  253.  See  Catharists,  IY.  115. 
Persecution  of,  YI.  200,  1  b;  IX.  293,  2  a; 
XIII.  807,  2  c.  Barbarities  inflicted  on  them, 
III.  777,  1  ab  (Carcassonne).  Crusade 
against  them,  X.  652,  1  a  (Louis  VIII.). 
Massacre  of  them,  II.  604,  1  b. 

Albino  mice,  I.  253,  2  c ;  albino  elephants, 
ib. ;  albino  crow  and  blackbird,  ib. 

Albi'nos,  I.  253.  See  Complexion,  V.  193,  2  c. 
Albi'nus,  Bernhard  Siegfried  [Ger.  al-be'-noos], 
anatomist,  I.  254. 

Al'bion,  ancient  name  for  Britain,  I.  254 ;  III. 
293,  2  b. 

Albion,  village,  I.  254. 


18 


ALBION 


ALCOHOLIC 


Albion,  New,  I.  254. 

Albirco  [al-beer'-ko],  star,  I.  254. 

Albite ,  mineral,  VII.  114,  2  b  and  c;  115,  1  a; 
VIII.  152,  2  c.  Crystalline  structure  of,  V. 
540,  1  a. 

Al'boin,  king  of  the  Lombards,  I.  254. 

Alboni,  Marietta  [al-bo'-ne],  singer,  I.  254. 

Al-Borak',  Mohammed’s  camel  in  his  celestial 
journeys,  I.  254. 

Albornoz,  Gil  Alvarez  Carillo  [al-bore-noath'j, 
prelate,  I.  254. 

Al-Bostan :  see  Bostan. 

Albrecht,  Friedrich  Rudolph  [al'-brecht],  arch¬ 
duke  of  Austria,  I.  254. 

Albreciitsberger,  Johann  Georg  [al'-brechts- 
bair-gher],  musician,  I.  254. 

Albret  [al-bret],  town,  I.  255. 

Albret,  Jeanne  d’  [dal-bret],  queen  of  Navarre, 
I.  255. 

Albright ,  Rev.  Joseph  [awl'-brite] :  see  Evan¬ 
gelical  Association. 

Albuca'sis,  Bulcasimos,  or  Abulcasim,  Arabian 
physician,  I.  255. 

Albuera  [al-bwa'-ra],  village,  I.  255.  Battle 
of,  ib. 

Albufera  [al-boo-fa'-ra],  lagoon,  I.  255. 

Alb  uf era,  duke  of:  see  SucnET. 

Albu'men,  I.  255.  See  Plant,  XIII.  575,  2  b. 

Albumen  proofs :  see  Photography,  XIII. 
471,  1  b. 

Albumens :  see  Proteine,  XIV.  31,  lb;  de¬ 
rived  albumen,  ib. 

Albuminoid  (substances),  I.  256,  1  a ;  XIII. 
581,2  a. 

Albuminu'ria,  or  Bright’s  disease,  I.  256. 
Acute  form,  1  b ;  causes  of,  2  ab.  Pathol¬ 
ogy  of  the  disease,  2  c.  Strumous  diathe¬ 
sis,  257,  1  ab.  Hygienic  treatment  of  acute 
form,  1  b.  Chronic  form,  1  c ;  duration  of, 
2  c ;  treatment  of,  258,  1  c. 

Albuquerque  [al-boo-kilir'-ka],  town  and  for¬ 
tress,  I.  258.  Alluded  to,  I.  143,  2  b. 

Albuquerque,  Alfonso  d\  the  Great,  I.  258. 

Albur'num,  in  trees,  I.  259. 

Alby :  see  Albi. 

Alca  (ornithology),  II.  116,  2  c.  A.  impennis, 
117,  1  a  (ill.).  A.  torda,  1  c. 

Alcabala :  see  Alcavala. 

Al-cadi ,  I.  259,  2  c  (Alcalde). 

Alc^e'us,  poet,  I.  259. 

Alca'ic  metres,  I.  259,  2  a. 

Alcaide  [al-ki'-da],  I.  259. 

Alcala  [al-ka-la/],  name  of  several  towns  in 
Spain,  I.  259.  Alcala  de  Henares  [da  a-na'- 


race],  1  ab  ;  II.  610,  2  c.  Alcala  la  Real  [la 
rH-al'J,  I.  259,  2  b.  Victory  of  Sebastiani,  ib. 
Alcal'de  [Sp.  al-kal'-£M],  title,  I.  259. 

Alcalde ,  species  of  hornet,  III.  14,  2  c. 
Alcamenes  [al-kam'-e-neez],  sculptor,  I.  259. 
Alcamo  [al-ka'-mo],  city,  I.  260. 

Alcantara  [al-kan'-ta-ra],  town,  I.  260. 
Knights  of,  1  a. 

Alcantarines  [al-kan'-ta-rinz] :  see  Francis¬ 
cans,  VII.  426,  1  b. 

Alcarrazas  [al-kar-ra'-tliass],  water  refrigera¬ 
tors,  I.  488,  2  c. 

Alcavala  [al-ka-va'-la],  or  Alcabala,  Spanish 
impost,  I.  260. 

Alcazar  [al-ka'-thar],  I.  260.  Alcazar  de  San 
Juan,  town,  1  c. 

Alcazar  (Moorish  castle),  of  Carmona,  IV.  5, 

1  b ;  of  Segovia,  XIV.  753,  1  b  (ill.) ;  of 
Seville,  791  (ill.). 

Alee' do  (ornithology),  IX.  839,  1  b. 

Al'ces ,  or  Al'ce  (zoology),  VI.  538,  2  c.  A. 
Americanus,  539,  1  ab  (ill.)*  A.  malchis, 
540,  2  a  (ill.). 

Alces'tis  :  see  Admetus. 

Alchemists :  see  Alchemy,  and  Chemistry, 
IV.  357,  2  c,  ff.  Alchemists’  articles  of 
faith,  I.  261,  2  c. 

Alchemy  [al'-ke-me],  I.  260.  Chemical  terms 
of,  XII.  474,  1  c. 

Alchindus  [al-kin'-dus] :  see  Alkindi. 

Alciati,  Giovanni  Paolo  [al-cha'-te],  theo¬ 
logian,  I.  262. 

Alcibiades  [al-se-bi'-a-deez],  I.  262.  See 
Greece,  VIII.  193,  1  c-195,  1  c. 

Alcides  [al-sl'-deez] :  see  Hercules. 

Alcinous  [al-sin'-o-us],  mythical,  I.  263. 
Al'ciphron,  Greek  writer,  I.  263. 

Alcira  [al-the'-ra],  town,  I.  263. 

Alcmjs'on,  legendary  hero,  I.  263 ;  II.  54,  2  c. 

Philosopher,  I.  263,  2  b. 

Alcmoeon ,  poet :  see  Alcman. 

Alcm^eon'id.e,  family,  I.  263 ;  II.  55,  1  a. 
Alc'man,  or  Alcmieon,  poet,  I.  264. 

Alcme'na,  mythical,  I.  264. 

Alcock,  Sir  Rutherford  [awl'-cock],  diploma¬ 
tist,  I.  264. 

Al'cohol,  I.  264.  Of  commerce,  2  ab  ;  anhy^ 
drous,  2  b  ;  pure,  2  c ;  in  medicine,  265,  1  b  *, 
homologous,  table  of,  2  c ;  dehydrogenated, 
267,  2  c;  common  or  ethylic,  VI.  144,  2  ab. 
Conversion  of  it  into  acetic  acid,  VII.  143, 

2  a.  Hexatomic  alcohols,  XV.  440,  2  a;  di- 
glucosic,  2  ab ;  polyglucosic,  441,  1  be. 

Alcoholic  liquor ,  unknown  to  the  ancients,  VI. 


ALCOHOLIC 


ALEXANDER 


19 


141,  1  c;  invented  by  the  northern  barba¬ 
rians,  ib. 

Alcoholic  stimulants  in  heart  disease ,  VIII. 
566,  2  a. 

Alcoholim'eter,  or  alcoholometer,  VII.  653, 
2  b;  IX.  124,  2  c  (ill.). 

Alco'na,  county,  I.  265. 

Al'corn,  county,  I.  266. 

Alcott  [awl'-kut],  Amos  Bronson,  educator,  I. 
266.  Louisa  May,  2  a. 

Alcott,  William  Alexander,  M.  D.,  author,  I. 
266. 

Alcott  House,  school,  I.  266,  1  be. 

Alco'y,  town,  I.  267. 

Alcuin  [al'-kwin],  scholar,  I.  267.  His  influ¬ 
ence  in  favor  of  popular  education,  IV.  291, 
2  a.  His  revision  of  Jerome’s  version  of  the 
Old  Testament,  II.  613,  2  b. 

Alcyona' cea,  polyp,  XIII.  689,  2  a. 
Alcyona'ria,  polyp,  XIII.  689,  2  a. 

Alcy'one,  star,  I.  267. 

Alcyone  (ornithology),  IX.  839,  1  b,  2  c. 
Al'cyonoids ,  polyps,  XIII.  689,  2  b. 

Aldan',  mountains,  I.  267.  River,  1  c. 
Aldborough  [awld'-bur-ro],  town,  I.  267. 
Aldeb'aran,  star,  I.  267. 

Aldegonde,  Sainte,  Philip  van  Marnix,  baron 
of  [sa,,gt  al-duh-go"B-duh],  I.  267. 

Aldegraf:  see  Aldegrever. 

Aldegrever,  or  Aldegraf,  Heinrich  [al'-deh- 
gra-fer,  -graf],  painter  and  engraver,  I.  267. 
Al'dehyde  (chemistry),  I.  267 ;  265,  2  a. 
Alden,  John  [awl'-den],  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Plymouth  colony,  I.  268. 

Al'denhoven,  town,  I.  268. 

Alder  [awl'-der],  I.  268  (ill.).  Common  alder, 

1  c.  Turkey  alder,  ib.  Heart-leaved  alder, 

2  b. 

Alder  fly :  see  Mayfly. 

Alderman  [awl'-],  title,  I.  268. 

Alderney  [awl'-],  island,  I.  268. 

Alderney  (or  Jersey )  breed  of  cattle ,  IV.  129, 
1  c;  131,  1  a.  Alderney  bull  (ill.),  129,  1  b. 
Aldersiiott  [awl'-],  military  camp  of  instruc¬ 
tion,  I.  269;  VIII.  431,  1  a. 

Ald'iielm,  abbot,  I.  269. 

Aldine  academy,  XI.  134,  2  b. 

Al'dine  Editions,  I.  269. 

Aldini,  Antonio,  count  [al-de'-ne],  I.  269.  Gio¬ 
vanni,  2  c. 

Aldobrandini  [al-do-bran-de'-ne],  noble  fam¬ 
ily,  I.  269.  Silvestro,  2  c.  Giovanni,  270, 
1  a.  Ippolito  (Clement  VIII.),  ib. ;  IV.  663, 
1  a.  Tommaso,  I.  270, 1  a.  Cinzio  Passero, 


ib.  Pietro,  ib.  Villa  Aldobrandini,  VII. 
443,  2  a. 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey  [awl'-dritch],  poet,  I. 
270. 

Aldridge,  Ira  (African  Roscius),  actor,  I.  270. 
Aldrovan'dus, Ulysses,  naturalist,  1. 270.  Trea¬ 
tise  on  reptiles,  VIII.  692,  2  a;  on  birds, 
XII.  704,  2  b. 

Aldus,  I.  269,  2  a.  See  Manutius. 

Ale  :  see  Beer,  and  Brewing. 

Ale  barrel,  II.  336,  1  a. 

Aleandro,  Girolamo  [a-la-an'-dro],  prelate,  I. 

270. 

Alec'to,  mythical :  see  Eumenides. 

Alec' try omancy,  a  mode  of  divination,  VI.  153, 
2  b. 

Alegambe,  Philippe  [al-gangb],  Jesuit,  I.  271. 
Alehoof  (ground  ivy),  IX.  477,  2  b. 

Aleman,  Mateo  [4-la-man'],  novelist,  I.  271. 
Aleman'ni,  or  Alamanni,  confederate  German 
tribes,  I.  271. 

Alemannia ,  Germanic  duchy,  I.  271,  2  a;  XV. 
497,  1  c. 

Alemannic  dialect  (Swabian),  I.  271,  2  a. 
Alemannicus,  Caracalla’s  assumed  surname,  I. 

271,  1  c. 

Alembert,  Jean  le  Rond  d’  [da-lang-bair],  math-; 
ematician,  I.  271. 

Alem'bic,  distilling  vessel,  I.  272  (ill.). 
Alemtejo  [a-leng-ta'-zho],  province,  I.  272. 
Alenqon  [a-lang-song],  town,  I.  272. 

Alenqon,  Francois,  duke  of :  see  Anjou. 
Alep'po,  city,  I.  272. 

Aleppo  button,  cutaneous  disease,  I.  273,  1  c. 
Alert  and  Discovery,  expedition  of  the,  XIII. 
656,  2  c. 

Alesh'ki,  town,  I.  273. 

Ale'sia,  fortified  town,  I.  273. 
Alessandres'ku,  Gregory,  poet,  I.  273. 
Alessan'dri,  Basil,  poet,  I.  273. 

Alessan'dria,  province,  I.  274.  Capital  city, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Alessandrino,  Cardinal  [-dre'-no],  XIII.  558,  2  c. 
Aleurites  trilo'ba  [a-lu-ri'-teez],  (botany),  III. 
699,  2  a. 

Aleurone,  of  the  wheat  grain,  XVI.  588,  1  b. 
Aleutian  Islands  [a-lu'-slian],  I.  274. 

Aleuts,  the,  I.  275,  1  c. 

Ale'wife,  fish,  I.  275. 

Alexan'der,  two  counties,  I.  275. 

Alexander,  tyrant  of  Pherm,  XIII.  387,  1  b. 
Alexander  the  Great,  I.  275.  Map  of  Alex¬ 
ander’s  conquests,  277.  Results  of  his  con¬ 
quests,  278,  2  c,  and  279,  1  a.  Phalanx  of, 


20 


ALEXANDER 


ALEXIS 


its  construction  and  weapons,  740,  2  c;  741, 
1  b.  His  cavalry  tactics,  IV.  142,  1  a. 
Alexander,  name  of  eight  popes,  I.  279. 
Alexander ,  bishop  of  Alexandria,  I.  708,  2  b. 

See  Arius,  and  Athanasius. 

Alexander  of  Egypt,  XIV.  62,  2  c.  Alex¬ 
ander  II.,  of  Egypt,  ib. 

Alexander  I.,  emperor  of  Russia,  I.  280.  In¬ 
fluence  of  La  Harpe  over  him,  X.  106,  2  c. 
Attracted  by  a  French  fortune-teller,  342, 
1  b.  His  influence  on  Russian  literature, 
XIV.  497,  2  b.  See  XIII.  671,  2  a. 
Alexander  II.,  emperor  of  Russia,  I.  283. 
Alexander  Alexandrovitch,  his  son,  285,  1  a. 
Nicholas  Alexandrovitch,  son  of  the  prece¬ 
ding,  ib.  Alexis,  grand  duke,  his  brother, 
visit  to  the  United  States,  ib. 

Alexander,  name  of  three  kings  of  Scotland, 
I.  285. 

Alexander,  Alexander  Humphreys,  claimant 
of  the  earldom  of  Stirling,  I.  285. 
Alexander,  Archibald,  D.  D.,  I.  285. 
Alexander ,  Brig.  Gen.  B.  S.,  his  plan  for  re¬ 
moving  Blossom  rock,  II.  701,  2  b. 
Alexander,  Sir  James  Edward,  soldier  and 
writer,  I.  286. 

Alexander,  James  Waddel,  D.  D.,  I.  286. 
Alexander,  Joseph  Addison,  D.  D.,  Biblical 
scholar,  I.  286. 

Alexander,  Ludwig  Christian  Georg  Friedrich 
Emil,  prince,  I.  286. 

Alexander ,  Saint ,  pope,  I.  279,  1  a. 
Alexander,  Stephen,  LL.  D.,  astronomer,  I. 
286. 

Alexander,  William,  first  earl  of  Stirling,  I. 

287.  A.  major  general  in  the  American 
revolutionary  army  (Lord  Stirling),  1  c. 

Alexander  of  Aphrodisias,  surnamed  the  Ex¬ 
pounder,  I.  287. 

Alexander  Archipelago  :  see  Alaska. 
Alexander  Balas,  king  of  Syria,  I.  287. 
Alexander  of  Hales,  surnamed  the  Irrefraga¬ 
ble  Doctor,  I.  287. 

Alexander  Jann^e'us,  I.  288.  See  Hebrews, 
VIII.  592,  2  c. 

Alexander  John  I.,  prince  of  Roumania,  I. 

288. 

Alexander  Karageorgevitch,  Servian  prince, 
I.  288. 

Alexander  Nevskoi,  hero  and  saint,  I.  288. 
Order  of,  289,  1  a. 

Alexander  Seve'rus,  Roman  emperor,  I.  289. 
Alexander  Smith  (John  Adams),  mutineer  of 
the  ship  Bounty,  I.  97,  2  b. 


Alexander  university  (Helsingfors),  VIII.  627, 

1  a. 

Alexander  VI .,  pope,  I.  279,  2  c.  His  assumed 
authority  to  divide  the  new  world  among 
Spanish  and  Portuguese  princes,  X.  222,  2  a. 

Alexander  VII. ,  pope,  I.  280,  2  be.  On  the  im¬ 
maculate  conception,  IX.  194,  2  c;  195,  2  b. 

Alexandra :  see  Cassandra. 

Alexandra ,  adopted  name  of  Queen  Christina, 
IV.  549,  2  b. 

Alexandra ,  wife  of  Albert,  prince  of  Wales,  I. 
252,  2  a ;  IV.  529,  1  c. 

Alexandra  lattice  bridge  (London),  X.  592,  1  b. 

Alexandra  park  (London),  X.  597,  1  be. 

Alexandre,  Aaron  [al-ek-sangdr’],  chess  player, 
I.  289. 

Alexandre  Cesar  Bombet,  pseudonyme,  II.  601, 

2  ab. 

Alexandret'ta,  seaport,  I.  289. 

Alexandria,  county,  I.  289. 

Alexandria,  port  of  entry,  I.  289. 

Alexandria,  town  of  Louisiana,  I.  290. 

Alexandria,  city  of  Egypt,  I.  290.  Mehemet 
Ali  Square  (ill.),  ib. 

A  lexandria  ad  Issum :  see  Alexandretta. 

Alexandrian :  see  Alexandrine. 

Alexandrian  age  of  Greek  literature,  VIII.  214, 
2  c. 

Alexandrian  Codex,  MS.  Greek  Bible,  I.  291. 

Alexandrian  Library,  I.  291. 

Alexandrian  ScnooL,  of  philosophy,  I.  292. 

Alexandrine  [al-ex-an'-drin],  or  Alexandrian, 
a  poetic  metre,  I.  292. 

Alexandrine  text  (of  X.  T.),  II.  611,  2  b. 

Alexandrine  war  (Caesar’s),  allusion  to,  I.  290, 
2  c. 

Alexandro'pol,  fortress  and  town,  I.  292. 

Alexandrov',  town,  I.  292. 

Alexandrovna,  Maria ,  wife  of  the  czar  Alex¬ 
ander  II.,  I.  284,  1  b. 

Alexandrovsk',  town,  I.  292. 

Alexei  :  see  Alexis. 

Alexians,  a  religious  congregation,  X.  587,  1  ab. 

Alexian'us  Bassian'us,  I.  289,  1  a  (Alexander 
Severtts). 

Alex' is,  grand  duke,  visit  to  the  United  States 
alluded  to,  I.  285,  1  a. 

Alexis  (or  Alexius)  I.,  Comnenus,  emperor  of 
Trebizond,  I.  292. 

Alexis  (or  Alexius)  I.,  Comnenus,  emperor  of 
Constantinople,  I.  292.  His  influence  in  ex¬ 
citing  the  first  crusade,  293, 1  c.  His  agree¬ 
ment  (not  kept)  to  furnish  supplies  for  the 
crusaders,  III.  151,  2  c. 


ALEXIS 


ALICANTE 


21 


Alexis,  Wilibald :  see  IIaring-. 

Alexisbad  [a-lex'-is-bat],(IIartz),  VIII.  493,  2  c. 

Alexis  Mikiiailovitcii,  czar,  I.  293. 

Alexis  Petrovitch,  son  of  Peter  the  Great, 
I.  294. 

Alexius:  see  Alexis  L,  Comnenus,  of  Trebi- 
zond,  and  Alexis  I.,  Comnenus,  of  Constan¬ 
tinople. 

Alf ]  in  Scandinavian  mythology:  see  Elf  (In¬ 
dex). 

Alfalfa ,  plant,  X.  702,  2  c;  703,  2  a. 

Alfani  [al-fa'-ne],  name  of  two  painters,  I.  294. 

Alfara'bius,  philosopher,  I.  294, 

Alfieri,  Vittorio  [al-fya'-re],  poet,  I.  294.  Re¬ 
lation  to  the  countess  of  Albany,  2  c:  see 
Albany,  L.  M.  C.  H.,  countess  of,  248,  2  c. 
Influence  upon  his  age  and  literature,  IX. 
463,  1  c. 

Alfila'ria  (botany),  VII.  733,  2  ab. 

Alfoera  [al-foo'-ra] :  see  Haraforas. 

Alfonsine  astronomical  tables  [al-fon'-sin],  I. 
802,  1  a. 

Alfon'so,  several  kings  of  Spain  and  Portugal, 
I.  295. 

Alfonso  I.,  of  Aragon  and  Navarre,  I.  296. 

Alfonso  (the  Magnanimous)  V.  of  Aragon, 
and  I.  of  Naples  and  Sicily,  I.  296. 

Alfonso  I.,  of  Portugal,  I.  297.  Laws  of  Al¬ 
fonso,  2  a. 

Alfonso  V.,  of  Portugal,  I.  297. 

Alfonso  IX.,  king  of  Leon  and  Castile,  alluded 
to,  II.  208,  2  c. 

Alford,  Henry  [awl'-furd],  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  I.  297. 

Alfort  [al-for],  village,  I.  298. 

Alfred  of  Beverley :  see  Alured. 

Alfred  the  Great,  I.  298. 

Alfred'' s  castle ,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Alfs  of  the  Eddas:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  c. 

Alfuros  [al-foo'-ros],  indigenous  race  in  the  In¬ 
dian  archipelago :  see  Ceram,  IV.  208,  and 
Gilolo,  VII.  813,  1  c. 

Al'g^e  (botany),  I.  298 ;  orders,  genera,  and 
species  (ills.).  Kinds  called  flag,  VII.  247, 
2  c.  How  distinguished  from  fungi,  529,  2  a. 
Relations  with  lichens  and  fungi,  X.  410, 1  b. 

Algar'di,  Alessandro,  sculptor,  I.  300.  His 
“  Repulse  of  Attila,”  363,  2  c  (Alto-rilievo). 

Algaro'bia:  see  Mezquite,  XI.  487,  1  b. 

Algarot'ti,  Francesco,  scholar,  I.  300. 

Algarovil'la,  astringent  substance,  I.  301. 

Algar've,  province,  I.  301.  Kingdom,  1  c. 

Algazza'li,  Abu  Ilamed  Mohammed,  philoso¬ 
pher,  I.  301. 


Al'gebra,  I.  301.  Arabic  improvements  in, 
625,  1  c:  see  Mathematics.  Applied  to 
geometry,  VII.  701,  2  a.  Only  Greek  writer 
on :  see  Diopiiantus. 

Algeciras  [Sp.  al-kha-the'-rass],  seaport  and 
town,  I.  302. 

Alger,  Francis ,  mineralogist,  XI.  591,  1  a. 
Al'ger,  Horatio,  jr.,  author,  I.  302. 

Alger,  William  Rounseville,  clergyman  and 
author,  I.  302. 

Alger'ba,  a  noted  double  star,  I.  302. 
Alge'ria,  I.  302  ;  169,  2  c.  Map,  303.  French 
invasion  of :  see  Abd-el-Kader,  13,  2  a. 
Algerine  corsairs  [al-je-reen'J,  origin  of,  I.  305, 
2  b. 

Algiiero  [al-ga'-ro],  or  Algheri,  seaport  town, 
I.  307. 

Algiers  [al-jeers'],  I.  307.  Algiers  from  the 
parade  ground  (ill.),  ib. 

Algo'a  Bay,  Africa,  I.  308. 

Algo'ma,  Canada,  I.  308. 

Algonquins  [al-gon'-kins],  Indian  tribes,  I.  308 ; 

XII.  503,  1  c.  Their  languages,  408,  1  b-2  a. 
Alguazil,  or  Alguacil  [al-gwa-theel'],  Spanish 
officer  of  the  law,  I.  309. 

Alhama  [a-la'-ma],  name  of  several  towns,  I. 
309. 

Alhamar,  king  of  Granada,  I.  296,  1  a. 
Aliiam'bra,  suburb  of  Granada,  I.  309.  The 
Alhambra,  Moorish  palace,  1  c  (ill.) ;  in¬ 
terior  of  (ill.),  310  ;  drawings  of,  IX.  679,  2  b. 
Al-Hassan  ibn  Mohammed :  see  Leo  Afri- 
canus. 

Alhidade :  see  Alidade  (Index). 

Alhondega  [a-lone'-da-ga],  Mexico,  I.  310. 
Battle  of,  ib. 

Ali  [a'-le],  pasha  of  Janina,  I.  310.  His  exe¬ 
cution,  311,  1  c.  Character  as  a  ruler,  ib. 
Ali  (Ali  ben  Abu  Taleb),  caliph,  I.  311. 
Aliaga,  Luis  de  [a-le-a'-ga],  II.  159,  2  c  (Ave- 
llaneda).  . 

Aliaska  [al-yas'-ka],  peninsula  of,  I.  240,  2  c. 
Alibafd,  Louis  [a-le-bo],  political -fanatic,  I. 
311. 

Ali  ben  Yusuf  [a'-le  ben  yoo'-soof],  Moorish 
chief,  I.  296,  1  c. 

Alibert,  Jean  Louis  [a-le-bair],  physician,  I. 

311. 

Ali  Bey  [a'-le  ba],  chief  of  the  Mamelukes,  I. 

312. 

Ali  Bey,  traveller :  see  Badia  y  Leblicii. 
Alica,  cracked  grain,  III.  661,  1  be. 

Alicante  [a-le-kan'-ta],  province,  I.  312.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  a  (ill.). 


22 


ALICATA 


ALLEN 


Alicata  :  see  Licata. 

Al'iclade ,  or  alliidade,  surveying  instrument, 
I Y.  760,  2  a ;  XY.  490,  1  c. 

Alien  [a'-lyen],  in  nationality,  I.  312. 

Alien  and  sedition  laws,  XYI.  162,  1  c.  Op¬ 
position  to,  ib. ;  I.  93,  1  a  ;  IX.  594,  1  b  ;  X. 
824,2  b;  XI.  201,  1  a. 

Alighieri,  Dante  degli  [da-lye  a-le-ghe-a'-re] : 
see  Dante. 

Alighur',  or  Allygurh,  district,  I.  314.  Fort,  2  a. 

Alignments ,  in  prehistoric  monuments,  YII. 
198,  2  a. 

Aliides  [a'-le-idz],  caliphs,  III.  617,  1  c. 

Al'iment,  or  Food,  I.  314 ;  IX.  131,  1  be. 

Alimen'tary  Canal,  I.  317  (ills.). 

Alimen'tus,  Lucius  Cincius,  historian  and 
jurist,  I.  318. 

Al'imony,  in  law,  I.  319. 

Ali  Pasha  [a'-le  pa-sha'] :  see  Ali,  pasha  of 
Janina,  I.  310.  Allusion  to,  244,  2  c. 

Alise  Ste.  Peine  [a-leez  sangt  rain],  battle  field 
of  Alesia,  1.  273,  2  b. 

Al'ison,  Archibald,  clergyman  and  author,  I. 
320. 

Alison,  Sir  Archibald,  Bart.,  historian,  I.  320. 
His  “  Principles  of  Population,  ”XIII.  670, 2  a. 

Alison ,  Dr.,  his  theory  of  inflammation,  IX. 
276,  1  a. 

Alizari  [a-le'-za-re],  plant,  I.  321,  1  a. 

Alizarine  [a-liz'-a-rin],  I.  321.  Artificial,  2  b. 

Al'kali,  I.  322.  Alkaline  earths,  1  b  ;  anhy¬ 
drous  alkalies,  ib. 

Alkalim' eter,  I.  322,  1  c ;  XIII.  758,  1  ab. 

Alkalim'etry,  I.  322  ;  XIII.  758,  1  a. 

Alkaline  earths,  tannates  of,  their  solubility  in 
water,  YII.  584,  l.b. 

Alkaline  -flats,  Nevada,  XII.  264,  1  c. 

Al'kaloid,  I.  322.  Tannates  of  alkaloids,  their 
solubility  in  water,  YII.  584,  1  b. 

Alkana  [al-ka'-na] ;  see  Henna. 

Al'kanet,  plant,  true  and  false,  I.  322. 

Alkarsine  [al-kar'-sin],  (chemistry),  IX.  733, 
2  b. 

Alkeken'gi,  plant,  XIII.  481,  1  c ;  yellow,  1  b ; 
purple,  2  a. 

Alkin'di,  or  Alcliindus,  physician  and  philoso¬ 
pher,  I.  322. 

Alkmaar  [alk'-mar],  fortified  town,  I.  322. 

Alkmaar,  Heinrich  von,  poet,  I.  323. 

Alkoran  :  see  Koran. 

Allah,  Mohammedan  name  of  the  Supreme 
Being,  I.  323.  Allah  akbar,  battle  cry,  1  c. 
Allah  abad,  Moslem  name  of  a  sacred  town, 
2  a. 


Allahabad',  province,  I.  323.  District,  1  c. 
Town,  ib. 

Allamakee',  county,  I.  323. 

Allamand,  Jean  Nicolas  Sebastien  [al-la, 
mang],  naturalist,  I.  323. 

Allamanda,  shrub,  I.  323,  2  c. 

Allan,  David,  painter  and  engraver,  I.  323. 
Allan,  Sir  William,  historical  painter,  I.  324. 
Allan-Kardec,  Hippolyte  L6on  Denizard, 
spiritualist,  I.  324. 

Allan' tois,  YI.  563,  2  be ;  564,  1  b,  2  a. 
Allard,  Jean  Francois  [al-lar],  soldier,  I.  324. 
Al'lardice,  Bobert  Barclay :  see  Barclay. 
Alla  ud-Din  [-deen'],  general,  IX.  207,  2  c. 
Allayed  (in  alchemy)  :  see  Alloy,  I.  335, 

1  b. 

Al'legan,  county,  I.  324. 

Allega'ny,  two  counties,  I.  324. 

Allegation  of  faculties ,  in  law,  I.  320,  1  c. 
Alleqhanies:  see  Appalachian  Mountains,  I. 
589. 

Alleghany,  two  counties,  I.  324. 

Alleghany  College  :  see  Meadville. 
Alleghany  Mountains  :  see  Appalachian 
Mountains. 

Alleghany  River,  I.  325. 

Allegheny  [al-le-ga'-ne],  county,  I.  325. 
Allegheny  City,  I.  325. 

Alle'giance,  I.  325.  English  common  law, 
326, 1  b.  French  code,  1  c.  Naturalization, 

2  a.  Doctrine  of  the  United  States,  2  c. 
Allegri,  Antonio  [al-la'-gre] :  see  Correggio. 
Allegri,  Gregorio,  ecclesiastic  and  composer, 

I.  327. 

Alleine,  or  Allein,  Joseph  [al'-len],  I.  327. 
Richard,  2  c. 

Allemand,  Zacharie  Jacques  Theodore  [al- 
mang],  count,  and  vice  admiral,  I.  328. 
Allen,  four  counties,  I.  328. 

Allen,  Bog  of :  see  Bog. 

Allen,  Ethan,  revolutionary  partisan,  I.  328. 
Allen,  Ira,  revolutionary  soldier,  Yermont  sec¬ 
retary  of  state,  &c.,  I.  329. 

Allen,  Joseph  W.,  landscape  painter,  I.  329. 
Allen,  Paul,  editor  and  author,  I.  329. 

Allen,  Samuel,  acting  governor  of  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  I.  329. 

Allen,  Solomon,  major  in  the  revolutionary 
army,  I.  329. 

Allen,  Thomas,  clergyman,  and  chaplain  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  I.  330. 

Allen,  William,  D.  D.,  president  of  Bowdoin 
college,  I.  330. 

Allen,  William,  chemist,  I.  330. 


ALLEN 


ALMERIA 


23 


Allen ,  William,  cardinal  and  archbishop,  found¬ 
er  of  Douay  college :  see  Alan. 

Allen,  William  Henry,  naval  officer,  I.  330. 
Allen,  William  Henry,  LL.  D.,  scholar  and 
educator,  I.  330.  (Died  1876.) 

Allende,  Jose  [a-lyain'-tf/iS],  Spanish  army  offi¬ 
cer,  I.  331. 

Allentown,  town  of  Pennsylvania,  I.  331. 
Al'lestree,  or  Allestrey,  Richard,  English  di¬ 
vine,  I.  331. 

Allestrey:  see  Allestree. 

Alleyn,  Edward  [al'-len],  actor,  I.  331. 

All  Fools'  Day ,  I.  606,  2  a. 

All-Fours',  game,  I.  331. 

Allgaier,  Johann  [al'-ghi-er],  chess  player,  I. 

331.  Allgaier  gambit,  ib .,  and  IV.  386,  2  b. 
All  Hallows  :  see  All  Saints1  Day. 
Allia’ceous  (odor),  VII.  624,  2  b. 

Alli'ance  of  intervention :  see  Juarez,  Benito 
Pablo,  IX.  697,  2  c. 

Al'libone,  Samuel  Austin,  LL.  D.,  author,  I. 
331. 

Allier  [a-lya],  department,  I.  332. 

Al'ligator,  I.  332.  Properly  so  called,  333, 

1  a ;  of  Guiana  and  Surinam  (cayman),  1  c ; 
of  Brazil,  ib. ;  of  all  tropical  America  (ja- 
car6),  ib.  (ill.)* 

Alligator  cooter  (turtle),  XV.  131,  2  b. 
Alligator  garfish ,  VII.  622,  1  b. 

Alligator  leather ,  X.  276,  2  b. 

Al'lingham,  William,  poet,  I.  333. 

Allium  (botany),  XII.  630,  1  c.  A.  cepa,  2  a. 
A.  fistulosum,  631,  2  a.  A.  schoenoprasum, 
ib.  (ill.).  A.  sativum,  VII.  624,  2  a.  A.  vi- 
neale,  2  c.  A.  moly,  ib.  A.  porrum,  X.  312, 

2  a  (ill.). 

Al'lix,  Pierre,  French  Protestant  divine,  1. 333. 
Al'loa,  seaport  town,  I.  334. 

Allobroges  [al-lob'-ro-jeez],  Gallic  people,  I. 
334. 

Alio' dial  (tenure),  XV.  654,  2  a.  Allodial  pro¬ 
prietors,  VII.  160,  2  b  (Feudal  System). 
Allodialists ,  independent  proprietors,  VII.  160, 
2  b. 

Allo'dium,  in  law,  1. 334.  See  Feudal  System, 
VII.  160,  2  be. 

Al'lom,  Thomas,  architect  and  landscape  paint¬ 
er,  I.  334. 

Allomakee'  :  see  Allamakee. 

Allop'athy,  in  medicine,  I.  334. 

Allo'ri,  Alessandro,  painter,  I.  334.  Cristo- 
fano,  2  b. 

Allot'bopism,  I.  334;  II.  86,  2  a;  IX.  433, 
1  c.  See  Chemistry,  IV.  370,  2  a. 


Allouez,  Claude  Jean  [al-wa],  Jesuit  explorer, 
1.  335. 

Alloy',  I.  335.  Specific  gravity,  I.  335,  2  a; 
Van  der  Weyde’s  rule  for  finding  it,  336, 
2  b.  Fusibility,  335,  2  b;  fusible  at  lowest 
temperature,  ib.  Conducting  power  of  heat 
and  electricity,  2  c.  Fragility,^.  Cohesion, 
ib.  Color,  ib.  Use  of  alloys  in  steam  boil¬ 
ers,  336,  2  c ;  as  electrical  tests,  337,  1  a. 

Alloys  of  lead ,  X.  263,  2  a. 

All  Saints’  Bay,  or  Bahia  de  Todos  Santos, 
I.  337. 

All  Saints'  church  (London),  X.  598,  2  b. 

All  Saints’  Day,  festival,  I.  337. 

All  Souls,  in  the  church  calendar,  I.  337. 

All'spice,  or  Jamaica  Pepper,  I.  337  (ill.). 

All'ston,  Washington,  painter,  I.  337. 

Allu'vium,  deposits  by  running  streams,  I. 
338. 

Allygurh :  see  Alighur. 

Allyle  [al'-lil],  chemical  radical,  VII.  624,  2  be. 

Allyn ,  William ,  cardinal  and  archbishop,  found¬ 
er  of  Douay  college :  see  Alan. 

Alma,  river,  I.  340.  Battle  of  the,  1  a. 

Almacks  [awl'-maksl,  assembly  rooms,  I.  340; 
X.  595,  1  be. 

Almaden,  or  Almaden  del  Azogue  [al-ma- 
£/iain'  £Aail  a-tho'-ga],  Spanish  town,  I.  340. 

Almadenejos  [al-ma-^a-na'-khoce],  or  Little  Al¬ 
maden,  quicksilver  mine,  I.  340,  2  b. 

Al'magest,  I.  340 ;  II.  43,  1  c,  and  44  2  b.  See 
Ptolemy,  XIV.  64,  2  a. 

Almagro  [al-ma'-gro],  city,  I.  340. 

Almagro,  Diego  de,  I.  340.  His  son,  341,  1  b. 

Almahah ,  lunar  goddess,  XII.  117,  2  a. 

Almali,  or  Elmalu  [al-ma-le',  el-ma-loo'],  city, 
I.  341. 

Al-Mamoun,  Abu  Abbas  Abdallah  [al-ma- 
moon'],  caliph,  I.  341. 

Almamy ,  an  elective  African  sovereign,  VII. 
309,  2  c. 

Almanac  [awl'-ma-nak],  I.  341. 

Al'mandine  ruby ,  XV.  271,  2  b  (Spinel).  See 
Garnet,  VII.  625,  1  b. 

Al-Mansour,  Abu  Jaffar  Abdallah  [al-man- 
soor'],  caliph,  I.  342. 

Al'maric,  or  Amalric  of  Bene,  or  Amaury  of 
Chartres,  theologian  and  philosopher,  I.  343. 

ALMEn  [al'-ma],  Egyptian  singer  and  dancer, 
I.  343. 

Almeida  [al-ma'-e-da],  fortified  town,  I.  343. 

Almeida,  Francisco  de,  viceroy,  I.  343. 

AlmerIa  [al-ma-re'-a],  province,  I.  343.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  c. 


ALMODOVAR 


2L 

Almodo'var,  Ildefonso  Diaz  de  Ribera,  count 
of,  statesman,  I.  343. 

Almoiiades  [al'-mo-hads],  Moslem  dynasty,  I. 
344.  See  305,  1  c. 

Al'mon,  John,  political  writer,  I.  344. 

Almond  [am'-und],  plant,  I.  344  (ill.). 

Almonde,  Philippus  van  [al-mon'-deh],  vice 
admiral,  I.  345. 

Almond  paste,  powdered,  XIII.  290,  2  a. 

Almonds ,  bitter,  artificial  oil  of,  II.  546,  1  be  ; 
XIII.  289,  1  b  (nitro-benzole). 

Al'moner,  I.  345.  Lord  high  almoner,  1  c. 
Grand  almoner  (hereditary),  ib .  Grand  au- 
monier,  ib. 

Almonte,  Juan  Nepomuceno  [al-mone'-ta], 
general  and  diplomatist,  I.  345. 

Almo'ea,  town,  I.  345. 

Almoeavides  [al-mo'-ra-vids],  Moslem  dynasty, 
I.  345.  Allusion  to,  295,  2  b. 

Almos,  Magyar  leader,  I.  763,  1  b  ;  IX.  55,  2  a. 

Al-Motassem ,  caliph,  I.  341,  2  a. 

Almquist,  Karl  Jonas  Ludwig  [alm'-kwist], 
Swedish  author,  I.  345. 

Almug  (sandal  wood),  VIII.  73,  2  a. 

Almy,  William,  philanthropist,  I.  346. 

Alnus  (botany),  I.  268,  1  be  (ill.).  Species  of, 
ib. 

Alnwick  [an'-ik],  town,  I.  346.  Alnwick  cas¬ 
tle,  2  a  (ill.). 

Alo'a  (sea  grass),  XVI.  733,  1  ab. 

Aloe  [al'-o  ;  Lat.  aloe,  al'-o-e],  plant,  I.  346. 

Aloe,  American  :  see  Agave. 

Aloes,  inspissated  juice  of  aloe  leaves,  I.  346. 
Lign  aloes,  347,  1  b. 

Alo'id.e,  mythical,  I.  347. 

Alonibrados  [a-lome-bra'-^oce],  sect  of  mys¬ 
tics:  see  Illuminati,  IX.  193,  1  be. 

Alom'pea,  founder  of  a  Burman  dynasty,  I. 
347. 

Alonso,  or  Alonzo  :  see  Alfonso,  I.  295,  2  a. 

Alopeci'idae  (ichthyology),  XIV.  829,  1  be. 

Alopecu'rus  praten'sis  (botany),  VIII.  168,  1  c. 

Alo’pias  vul'pes  (ichthyology),  XIV.  829,  1  c 
(ilk). 

Aloque  wine  [a-lo'-ka],  I.  312,  2  a. 

Alo'sa  (ichthyology),  VIII.  696,  2  b.  A.  ty- 
rannus,  I.  275,  1  c ;  XI.  388,  2  b.  A.  men¬ 
haden,  ib.  (ill.) ;  XIV.  631,  2  b.  A.  pil- 
chardus,  XIII.  513,  2  a  (ill.);  XIV.  807,  1 

,  a.  A.  prsestabilis,  1  b  (ill.).  See  Sardine. 

Alost,  or  Aelst  [a'-lost,  alst],  town,  I.  347. 

Aloys,  prince,  X.  416,  1  c. 

Aloy'sia  citriodo'ra  (botany),  XVI.  308,  2  a. 

Aloysius,  St. :  see  Gonzaga,  Luigi. 


ALSACE 

Alpaca  [al-pa'.-ka],  species  of  llama,  I.  347  (ill.) ; 
X.  553,  2  b. 

Alpargates  [al-par'-ga-teez],  sandals,  VI.  728, 
2  b. 

Alp  Arslan',  sultan,  I.  347. 

Alpe'na,  county,  I.  348. 

Alpes,  Basses  and  Hautes :  see  Basses-Alpes, 
and  Hautes- Alpes. 

Alpes-Maeitimes  [alp-ma-re-teem],  depart¬ 
ment,  I.  348. 

Al'pha  and  Ome'ga,  as  thrice  used  in  the  book 
of  Revelation,  I.  348. 

Al'phabet,  I.  348  (ill.).  See  Writing. 

Alphabet,  BataJc ,  II.  379,  1  b. 

Alphabet,  Cyrillic:  see  Cyril  and  Methodius, 
V.  620,  1  ab,  and  Slavic  Race  and  Lan¬ 
guages,  XV.  104,  1  ab. 

Alphabet,  Ionic,  first  use  of  in  public  records, 
VIII.  195,  2  a. 

Alphabet ,  manual:  see  Deaf  and  Dumb,  V. 
739  and  740. 

Alphabet,  Phoenician,  XIII.  455,  2  c  (ill.,  456) ; 
Heo-Punic,  1  a. 

Alphabet,  phonographic,  XIII.  459. 

Alphabet,  physiological,  Max  Muller’s,  XIII. 
458 ;  Whitney’s,  ib. 

Alphabet,  universal,  scheme  of  by  Leibnitz,  X. 
323,  2  b. 

Alphabets,  collection  of,  and  numerous  speci¬ 
mens  of :  see  Bodoni,  II.  773,  2  c. 

Alpiie'us,  river,  I.  351. 

Alphonso :  see  Alfonso. 

Al'pine,  county,  I.  351. 

Alpine  antelope,  IV.  244,  1  c. 

Alpine  birch,  II.  648,  1  b. 

Alpine  tunnel  (Mont  Cenis),  IV.  190,  1  a. 

Alpinia  galanga  (botany),  VII.  556,  1  b. 

Alps,  I.  351.  Maritime,  2  b;  Ligurian,  ib. ; 
Upper  Maritime,  ib. ;  Cottian,  2  c ;  Graian, 
ib. ;  Pennine,  ib. ;  Lepontine,  or  Helvetian, 
352, 1  a.  Description  :  average  height,  351, 
2  b  ;  line  of  permanent  snow,  352,  1  c  ;  gla¬ 
ciers,  2  a ;  Mer  de  Glace,  2  b ;  whirlwinds, 
ib. ;  optical  illusions,  2  c ;  geological  struc¬ 
ture,  ib. ;  flora,  353,  2  b ;  animals,  2  c  ;  roads, 
354,  1  b-355,  1  a.  Hannibal’s  route,  VIII. 
442,  2  ab. 

Alp-Teghin  [alp-tSh-gheen'],  founder  of  the 
Ghuznevide  dynasty,  VII.  793,  2  b. 

Alpujarras,  or  Alpuxarras  [al-poo-khar'-rass], 
mountainous  region,  I.  355. 

Air oy' {Air ui),  pretended  Messiah,  VIII.597,  2  a. 

Alsace  [al-sass],  province,  I.  355.  Map,  356. 

Alsace  gum,  VI.  65,  1  c. 


ALSACE-LORRAINE 


ALVAR 


25 


Alsace-Lorraine,  I.  35G  (map). 

Alsen  [al'-zen],  Baltic  island,  I.  357. 

Al-Sirat  [ul-se-rat'j,  Mohammedan  bridge  over 
hell,  XI.  698,  1  b. 

Alsoph'ila  excelsa  (botany),  VII.  151,  2  c  (ill.). 

Alsted,  Johann  Heinrich  [al'-stet],  German 
Protestant  divine  and  author,  I.  357. 

Alston,  John  [awl'-stun],  benefactor  of  the 
blind,  I.  357. 

Alstromer,  Jonas  [al'-stro-mer],  I.  357.  Klas, 
botanist,  2  c. 

Alstromer  lily ,  or  inca,  I.  358,  1  a. 

Altai  [al-tl'],  mountain  range,  I.  358. 

Altamaha  [al-ta-ma-haw'j,  river,  I.  359. 

Altamira  de  Cdceres  [al-ta-mS'-ra  da  ka'-sa- 
race] :  see  Barinas,  II.  312,  1  b. 

Altamura  [al-ta-moo'-ra],  town,  I.  359. 

Altar  [awl'-tar],  for  religious  sacrifices  and 
offerings,  I.  359. 

Alt'dorf,  or  Altorf,  town,  I.  360. 

Alt'dorfer,  Albrecht,  painter  and  engraver, 
I.  360. 

Altena  [al'-teh-na],  town,  I.  360. 

Altenburg,  or  Saxe-Altenburg  [sax-al'-ten- 
boorg],  sovereign  duchy,  I.  360. 

Alten-Oetting  [al'-ten-dt'-ting],  or  Alt-Oet- 
ting,  town,  I.  360. 

Altenstein  [al'-ten-stine],  mountain  castle,  I. 
360. 

Altenstein,  Karl,  baron,  I.  361. 

Alteratives  [awl'-ter-a-tivz],  medicine,  I.  361. 

Alternat  [al-tair-na],  in  international  law,  X. 
225,  2  a. 

Alter'nate  Generation  :  see  Jelly  Fish. 

AltiWa,  genus  of  plants,  I.  361.  A.  officinalis, 
2  b.  A.  rosea:  see  Hollyhock.  Shrubby 
altluea  (A.  frutex),  VIII.  714,  1  a. 

AVtham ,  Lord ,  I.  534,  1  a. 

Althen,  Ehan  [al-tang],  a  Persian,  benefactor 
of  the  French  people,  I.  361.  He  asked  for 
bread,  and  they  gave  him  a  stone,  362,  1  a. 

Althing  [al'-ting],  (Iceland),  IX.  152,  2  c ; 
153,  2  a. 

Althis  Anna  (ornithology),  IX.  50,  2  b  (ill). 

Althobp,  Viscount:  see  Spencer,  XV.  258, 1  b. 

Altieri ,  Emilio  [al-te-a'-re],  (Clement  X.),  IV. 
663,  1  b. 

Altis,  sacred  grove,  XII.  623,  1  b. 

Al'titude,  I.  362. 

Altkirch  [alt'-keerch],  town,  I.  362. 

AltmarJc ,  a  former  district  of  Saxony,  III.  209, 
2  ab. 

Altmish ,  one  of  the  “slave  kings,”  IX.  207, 
2  be. 


Alt'muhl,  river,  I.  362. 

Alto  Amazonas ,  river,  I.  380,  2  a. 

Alt-Oetting  :  see  Alten-Oetting. 

Alto  Grande  [al'-to  gran'-da],  mountain  range, 
V.  345,  1  b. 

Alton  [awl'-tun],  city,  I.  362. 

Alton  [al'-tun],  family,  I.  362.  Richard,  count 
d’,  2  c.  Edward,  count  d’,  ib.  Johann  Wil¬ 
helm,  naturalist,  363,  1  a.  Johann  Samuel 
Eduard,  scientist,  1  b. 

Altona  [al'-to-na],  city,  I.  363. 

Alton  College:  see  Shurtleff  College. 

Altoo'na,  city,  I.  363. 

Al'torf,  or  Altdorf,  town,  I.  363. 

Alto-Rilievo  [al'-to-re-lya'-vo],  in  sculpture,  I. 
363;  XIV.  715,  1  c. 

Alt-Pilsen  [alt-pil'-zen],  village,  XIII.  517,  2  ab. 

Altsohl  [alt'-zole],  a  line  of  the  Esterhazy  fam¬ 
ily,  VI.  740,  1  c. 

Altu'ras,  county,  I.  363. 

Alu'citce ,  moths,  XI.  870,  2  b. 

Al'um,  I.  363.  Manufacture  of,  364,  1  b-366, 
1  a.  Use  in  medicine  and  the  arts,  366, 
1  a-2  a ;  in  adulterating  bread,  lard,  &c.,  ib. ; 
in  baker’s  bread,  133,  1  b. 

Alumbrados  [a-loom-bra'-^oce] :  see  Illumi¬ 
nati. 

Alum  calce ,  1.  365,  2  b ;  369,  1  a. 

Alum  curd ,  VI.  451,  2  a. 

Alum- Geer  [a-loom-gheer'],  title,  II.  125,  2  a. 

Alu'mina,  I.  366.  Preparation  of,  2  c.  Prop¬ 
erties  of,  367,  1  a.  Silicate  of  (pure  clay), 
IV.  649,  1  b.  Sulphates  of,  XV.  453,  2  b. 

Aluminates,  I.  367,  1  b. 

Alumin'ium:  see  Aluminum. 

Alu'minous  schist ,  I.  364,  2  be.  Manufacture 
of  alum  from,  365, 1  a. 

Alu'minum,  or  Alumin'ium,  a  metallic  base,  I. 
367.  Properties  of,  368,  2  a.  Salts  of,  2  c. 

Aluminum  bronze ,  I.  368,  2  c ;  V.  320,  1  a. 

Alum'nat ,  I.  369,  1  b  (bis). 

Alum'nus,  I.  369. 

Alum-root ,  plant,  VII.  731,  2  b. 

Al'unite ,  or  alum  stone,  mineral,  I.  364,  1  a. 

Alunno,  Nicolb  [a-loon'-no],  painter,  I.  369. 

Alu'nogen  (mineralogy),  XV.  453,  2  b. 

Al'ured,  Aired,  or  Alfred  of  Beverley,  histo¬ 
rian,  I.  369. 

Alu'ta,  Alt  or  Olt,  river,  I.  369. 

Alva,  or  Alba,  Fernando  Alvarez  do  Toledo, 
duke  of,  Spanish  general  and  statesman,  and 
bloodthirsty  military  ruler,  I.  369. 

Alvar',  Alwur',  or  Machery,  state,  I.  371. 
Capital,  1  c. 


26 


ALVARADO 


AMAZON 


Alvarado  [al-va-ra'-^Ao],  river  and  town,  I. 
371. 

Alvarado,  Pedro  de,  Spanish  adventurer,  I. 

371. 

Alvarez,  Francisco  [al'-va-ress],  traveller,  I. 

372. 

Alvarez,  Juan,  Mexican  general,  I.  372. 
Alveus  [al'-ve-us],  in  ancient  baths,  II.  383, 

1  c. 

Alvinczy,  Joseph,  baron  [ol'-vin-tse],  field 
marshal,  I.  372. 

Alwur :  see  Alvar. 

Alxinger,  Johann  Baptist  von  [alx'-ing-er], 
poet,  I.  372. 

Alytes  [a-ll'-teez],  genus  of  toads,  XV.  778, 

2  c. 

Alzey  [al-tsl'],  town,  I.  372. 

Amade'us,  name  of  counts  of  Savoy,  I.  373. 
Amadeus  V.,  1  a.  Amadeus  VIII.,  1  b ; 
elected  pope  (Felix  V.),  1  c,  and  II.  359, 1  b. 
Amadeus  I.  (Amadeo  Ferdinando  Maria),  king 
of  Spain,  I.  373.  Referred  to,  XIV.  779,  1  b. 
Abdication  of,  I.  15,  1  b. 

Amadi'na  (ornithology),  VII.  190,  1  c.  A. 
oryzivora,  2  a. 

Am'adis  of  Gaul,  mythical  hero,  I.  373. 
Amador',  county,  I.  373. 

Amadou  [am-a-doo'],  tinder,  I.  173,  1  c. 
Amaho'sa ,  Catfre  tribe,  III.  547,  1  c. 
Amakuhi:  see  Amaxichi. 

Amal'aric,  last  Visigoth  king  of  Spain,  I.  373. 
Amalason'tiia,  or  Amalasuintha,  daughter  of 
Theodoric  the  Great,  and  regent  of  Italy,  I. 
373 ;  IX.  727,  2  c. 

Amalasuintha:  see  Amalasontha. 
Amal'ekites,  Bedouin  tribe  of  ancient  Pales¬ 
tine,  I.  374. 

Amalfi  [a-mal'-fe],  city  and  seaport,  I.  374 
(ill.). 

Amal'gam,  I.  374.  Of  mercury  and  ammonium, 
428,  2  c. 

Amalgam ,  electric ,  VI.  505,  1  c. 
Amalgamation,  for  extracting  minerals  from 
ores,  I.  375. 

Am'ali:  see  Amals. 

Amalia,  Anna  [a-ma'-le-a],  duchess  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  I.  375. 

Amalie,  Marie  Friederike  [a-ma'-le-Sh],  queen 
of  Greece,  I.  375.  (Died  1875.) 

Amalie,  Marie  Friederike  Auguste,  duchess, 
dramatist,  I.  376. 

Amalie  Ilerter ,  pseudonyme :  see  Amalie, 
Marie  Friederike  Auguste. 

Am'als,  or  Am'ali,  Gothic  royal  family,  I.  370. 


Amalth^e'a,  mythical,  I.  376.  Horn  of,  V.  369, 
1  a. 

Amana  communists  [a-ma'-na],  XV.  140,  2  a. 
Aman'dus ,  Brother :  see  Suso,  Heinrich. 
Amandus ,  self-styled  emperor,  II.  215,  1  a. 
Ama'nus,  mountain  range,  I.  376. 

Amaponda ,  or  Mambookis,  Cafire  tribe,  III. 
547,  1  c. 

Amar,  J.  P.  Andre  [a-mar],  French  revolution¬ 
ist,  I.  376. 

Am'aranth,  plant,  I.  376.  Love-lies-bleeding 
(ill.),  and  other  species. 

Amaranths ,  globe ,  IX.  196,  2  c. 

Amaran'tus  (botany),  I.  376,  2  ab.  A.  cauda- 
tus,  2  b  (ill.),  and  other  species.  A.  blitum, 
untouched  by  the  locust,  XIV.  373,  2  a. 
Amarapura,  or  Ummerapura  [-poo'-ra],  city,  I. 
377. 

Amaryl'lis  belladonna  (botany),  II.  501,  1  a. 

A.  formosissima,  IX.  498,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Amasia,  Amasieh,  or  Amasiyah  [a-ma'-se-a, 
-se-eh,  -se-ya],  city,  I.  377. 

Amasieh :  see  Amasia. 

Ama'sis,  or  Amosis,  two  Egyptian  kings,  I. 
377. 

Amasis ,  king  of  Egypt,  referred  to,  XIII.  686, 
1  b. 

Amasiyah :  see  Amasia. 

Amatemba ,  or  Tambookis,  Cafire  tribe,  III. 
547,  1  c. 

Amati  [a-ma'-te],  family,  I.  377.  Andrea,  2  a. 
Nicold,  2  b.  Antonio,  ib.  Geronimo,  2  c. 
Nicolo,  ib. 

11  Amatis,  grand”  XVI.  365,  1  ab. 

Amatitlan',  town,  I.  378. 

Ama'tus  Lusita'nus,  physician,  I.  378. 
Amauro'sis,  affection  of  the  eye,  I.  378. 
Amaury  [a-mo-re],  or  Amalric,  two  kings  of 
Jerusalem,  I.  378. 

Amaury  of  Chartres  :  see  Almario  of 
Bi:ne. 

AMAxicni,  or  Amakuki  [am-ax-e'-ke,  am-a-koo'- 
ke],  seaport,  I.  378. 

Amazi'ah,  king  of  Judah:  see  Hebrews,  VIII. 
588,  2  c. 

Amazirghs  [a-ma-zeergs'],  II.  549,  2  be  (Ber¬ 
bers).  Referred  to,  X.  406,  1  b. 

Am'azon,  or  Amazons,  river,  I.  378.  Discov¬ 
ered,  380,  2  a.  First  navigated,  XII.  686,  2  a. 
Periodical  inundations,  I.  379,  2  a.  The  bore, 
description  of,  2  b.  Back  channels,  2  c. 
Temperature,  id.  Valley  of  the  Amazon, 
ib.  Amazon  navigation  company,  380,  1  c. 
Origin  of  the  name,  2  a. 


AMAZON 


AMERICAN 


M  Amazon  of  the  Revolution ,”  female  French 
revolutionist,  XV.  701,  1  ab. 

Amazo'nas,  province  of  Brazil,  I.  380.  De¬ 
partment  of  Peru,  2  b. 

Amazonia,  supposed  country  of  the  fabled 
Amazons  in  South  America,  I.  380. 
Am'azons,  race  of  martial  women,  I.  380.  A 
nation  of  fabled  modern  female  warriors, 
380,  2  a. 

Amazons ,  king  of  Dahomey’s  guard,  V.  636,  2 
b ;  I.  27,  1  c  (Abomey). 

Amazooloos :  see  Zooloos. 

Ambassador,  or  Embassador,  I.  381. 

Ambati  [am-ba'-te],  Feejee  priest,  VII.  112,  2  a. 
Am'ber,  I.  381.  Early  knowledge  of  its  electric 
power,  382,  2  b ;  VI.  500,  2  ab.  False  amber, 
I.  382,  2  b. 

Amberg  [am'-bairg],  town,  I.  382. 

Amberger,  Christoph  [am-bair'-gher],  painter, 
I.  383. 

Ambergris  [am'-ber-greece],  perfume,  I.  383 ; 
XIII.  289,  1  b. 

Ambigu'ity ,  latent ,  in  law,  VII.  8,  1  c. 
Ambi'orix,  Gallic  chief,  I.  383. 

Ambleteuse  [ang-bliih-tuz],  decayed  seaport,  I. 
383. 

Amblyop' sis  (ichthyology),  II.  722,  2  c.  A. 
spelseus,  2  ab  (ill.) ;  V.  177,  1  ab,  179,  2  ab. 
See  Crawfish,  V.  464,  2  c,  and  Fishes ,  blind 
(Index). 

Aniblyrhyn' chus ,  lizard,  VII.  557,  1  be.  A. 

cristatus,  ib.  A.  Demarlii,  1  c. 

Amblys'toma  (zoology),  II.  166,  2  c,  ff. ;  XIV. 
558,  1  c. 

Ambo ,  or  ambon,  reading  desk,  XIII.  245,  1  a. 

Its  place  in  ancient  churches,  IV.  566,  2  b. 
Amboise  [ang-bwaz],  town,  I.  383.  Conspiracy 
of,  1  a,  and  IX.  37,  1  c. 

Amboise,  George  d’,  cardinal  and  statesman,  I. 

383. 

Amboy'na,  or  Amboina,  island,  I.  383.  Capital, 

384,  1  b. 

Amboyna  wood,  IV.  208,  2  a. 

Ambra'cia,  ancient  town,  I.  384. 

Ambracian  gulf  I.  384,  2  a. 

Ambreine  [am'-bre-in],  I.  383,  1  b  (Ambergris). 
Am'brister ,  British  subject,  tried  and  executed 
by  order  of  Andrew  Jackson,  IX.  491,  1  c. 
Ambriz  [am-breez'],  a  division  of  Angola,  1. 384. 
Ambrogiotto :  see  Giotto. 

Ambro'nes,  a  nation  of  Gaul,  I.  384. 

Am'brose,  Saint,  I.  384.  As  a  writer,  X.  200, 
1  c.  Monachism  encouraged  by  him,  XI. 
729,  2  ab. 


Ambro'sia,  mythical,  I.  385. 

Ambrosian  Chant,  I.  385. 

Ambrosian  Library,  I.  385. 

Ambrosian  rite ,  the ,  X.  535,  1  be. 

Ambrosians ,  religious  order,  II.  318,  2  c. 
Ambrosius:  see  Ambrose. 

Am'brotype ,  XIII.  470,  2  b  (Photography). 
Am'bulance,  I.  386. 

Ambulatory ,  legal  term,  VII.  805,  2  be. 
Ambulatory  schools ,  in  Sweden,  VI.  420,  1  c. 
Ameer,  title,  XV.  64,  2  c. 

Ameiva  [a-ma'-va],  lizard,  X.  551,  2  ab. 
Ame'lia,  county,  I.  386. 

Amelia,  princess,  effect  of  her  death  on  the 
mind  of  King  George  III.,  VII.  709,  1  b. 
Amelia,  pseudonyme:  see  Welby. 

Amelot  de  la  Houssaye,  Abraham  Nicolas 
[am-lo  duh  la  oos-sa],  author,  I.  386. 
Amelotte,  Denis  [am-lut],  French  writer,  I. 

386. 

Amen  [a'-men],  or  Amen-Ra,  Egyptian  god,  I. 
426,  1  c. 

Amen-hotep :  see  Amenophis. 

Amen-iritis,  queen  of  Ethiopia,  VI.  750,  1  a. 
Amen'ophis,  Amunoph,  or  Amen-hotep,  Egyp¬ 
tian  king,  I.  386 ;  VI.  461,  1  b,  2  ab. 
Amenophis  III,  statue  of :  see  Memnon. 
Am'ent :  see  Catkin  (Index). 

Amentacece  (botany),  XII.  551,  1  b. 

Amerbach,  Johann  [a/-mer-bakh],  printer,  I. 

387.  Bonifaz,  professor,  1  b. 

Amer'ica,  I.  387.  Geology,  2  a ;  volcanoes,  b  ; 
animals,  ib. ;  flora,  388, 1  c ;  extent,  ib. ;  area, 
population,  and  history,  391,  2  b-393,  1  a; 
ancient  population,  395,  2  be.  North  Amer¬ 
ica,  388,  1  c ;  map,  after  386  ;  mountains  and 
watersheds,  388,  2  a-389,  2  c;  minerals,  389, 
2  c;  political  divisions,  390,  1  b.  Central 
America,  390,  1  c;  temples  of,  397,  2  c. 
South  America,  topographical  divisions,  390, 
2  b-391, 1  a ;  political  do.,  391, 1  and  2 ;  map, 
after  390.  Islands  of  America,  391,  2  a. 
America,  discovery  of,  claimed  by  Venetians, 
I.  667,  2  c.  See  Zeno,  Nicolb  and  Antonio. 
Welsh  legend  respecting  it,  X.  828, 1  c.  See 
Northmen,  XII.  498,  1  b. 

American  alewife,  fish,  I.  275,  1  c. 

American  Antiquities,  I.  393  (ills.).  See  also 
Alabama,  I.  229,  1  c;  Auburn,  II.  100,  2 
ab;  Aymaras;  Aztecs;  Brasseur de Boue- 
bourg;  Casas  Grandes;  Chicken;  Colo¬ 
rado,  V.  107,  1  a;  Copan;  Cundinamarca ; 
Cuzco,  V.  603, 1  a,  b,  c;  Finds,  VIII.  197,  2  a, 
and  198,  1  a;  La  Paz,  X.  159,  1  a;  Mari- 


AMERICAN 


AMLWCH 


23 

etta,  Ohio;  Masaya;  Mayas;  Michigan, 
XI.  497,  2  c;  Moundsville;  North  Caro¬ 
lina,  XII.  490,  2  c ;  Ohio  River,  603,  2  ab ; 
Palenque;  Perh,  XIII.  341,  2  be;  Peten, 
349,  2  c ;  Squier,  Ephraim  George ;  Ste¬ 
phens,  John  Lloyd;  Tennessee,  XV.  644, 
2  a;  Titicaca;  Vancouver  Island,  XVI. 
256,  2  ab;  Wisconsin,  682,  2  a;  Yucatan, 
800,  1  ab ;  Arizona,  I.  711,  2  b. 

American  association  (of  the  colonies),  XVI. 
155,  2  c. 

American  association  for  the  advancement  of 
science ,  I.  137,  1  c. 

American  city ,  so-called  (Cuba),  III.  778,  2  a. 
American  colonization.  Spanish,  VII.  284, 1  a. 
French,  III.  677,  2  be;  X.  677,  2  b.  Lon¬ 
don  company,  XV.  189, 1  c ;  XVI.  381,  2  be. 
London  and  Plymouth  companies,  XVI.  150, 
1  c.  Dutch  West  India  company,  XII.  371, 
1  ab. 

American  fur  company,  VII.  536,  1  a. 
American  geological  society,  first  meeting  of, 

VII.  691,  2  c. 

American  Indians,  I.  401.  Names  of  tribes, 

1  c;  social  condition  at  the  discovery  of 
America,  2  ab,  and  402,  1  c;  physical  and 
intellectual  character,  2  b ;  origin,  402,  1  b. 
Treatment  by  the  Spaniards,  404,  1  ab;  by 
the  French,  1  c;  by  the  English,  2  b.  Indian 
missions,  2  c.  Indian  wars,  405,  1  c.  Treat¬ 
ment  by  the  United  States,  2  c. 

American  Indians,  Languages  of  the,  I.  407. 
Peculiarities  of,  1  c.  North  American,  2  b ; 
South  American,  412,  1  a. 

Americanisms,  I.  414. 

American  ivy ,  XVI.  388,  2  a. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  VII. 

691,  2  b  and  c;  XV.  45,  2  b  and  c. 
American  lion,  V.  422,  1  c. 

American  ore  hearth,  X.  256,  2  ab. 

American  revolution,  beginning  of,  in  Virginia, 

VIII.  664,  1  c.  See  United  States. 
American  River,  I.  416. 

American  sable,  XI.  601,  1  ab. 

American  safeguard,  the  great  (zoology),  X. 
551,  2  b. 

American  senna,  IV.  63,  2  b. 

American  Wines,  I.  416.  Wines  of  the  At¬ 
lantic  coast,  417,  1  c;  of  the  southern  At¬ 
lantic  states,  420, 1  b ;  of  the  Pacific  coast, 

2  a. 

American  woodbine,  XVI.  388,  2  a. 

Amerigo  Vespucci  [a-ma-re'-go  ves-poot'-che] : 
see  Vespucci. 


Ameriscog' gin,  river :  see  Androscoggin. 

Amersfoort  [a'-mers-fort],  town,  I.  422. 

Ames,  Edward  R.,  D.  D.,  clergyman,  I.  422. 

Ames,  Fisher,  orator  and  statesman,  I.  422. 

Ames,  Joseph,  portrait  painter,  I.  422. 

Ames,  Joseph,  antiquary,  I.  422. 

Ames,  William,  D.  D.,  English  Independent 
divine,  I.  423. 

Amesbury  [aimz'-ber-e],  town,  I.  423.  Bard 
of  Amesbury,  1  b. 

Ames  manufacturing  company ,  IV.  421,  1  c. 

Am'ethyst,  I.  423.  Oriental,  XIV.  626,  1  b; 
627,  1  a. 

Amga  [am-ga'],  river  of  Siberia,  I.  423. 

Amhara  [am-ha'-ra] :  see  Abyssinia,  I.  45,  2  a, 
&c.,  and  Amhario  Language. 

Amharic  Language,  I.  423 ;  VI.  752,  2  b. 
Amharic  Bible,  I.  49,  1  c. 

Amherst  [am'-erst],  county,  I.  423. 

Amherst,  town  of  Massachusetts,  I.  423.  Am¬ 
herst  college,  2  c. 

Amherst,  town  of  British  Burmah,  I.  424. 

Amherst,  Jeffery,  baron,  English  general,  I. 
424;  20,  2  b;  XV.  738,  1  a.  William  Pitt, 
earl,  and  Viscount  Ilolmesdale,  2  c. 

Amia  (ichthyology),  XII.  25,  2  ab.  A.  occiden¬ 
tal^,  26,  1  a  (ill.,  25). 

Amian'thus  :  see  Asbestus. 

Amicable  society  for  a  perpetual  assurance 
office  (England),  X.  424,  2  c. 

Amice  jAm'-is],  priest’s  vestment,  I.  424. 

Amici,  Giovanni  Battista  [a-me'-che],  optician 
and  astronomer,  I.  425.  Vincenzo,  1  ab. 

Amid:  see  Amice. 

Am'ida ,  Japanese  deity,  IX.  539,  1  a. 

Amida ,  ancient  town :  see  Diarbekir. 

Am'idas,  Philip,  discoverer,  I.  425. 

Amienois  [am-ya-nwa],  district,  I.  425,  2  a. 

Amiens  [am'-e-enz;  Fr.  am-yang],  town,  I.  425. 
Treaty  of,  2  a,  and  XV.  213,  1  c. 

Amikouek,  Indian  tribe,  II.  436,  1  be. 

Amin'ias ,  brother  of  yEscliylus,  rewarded  for 
his  courage,  I.  151,  2  b;  152,  1  a. 

Amiot,  or  Amyot,  Joseph  [am-yo],  missionary, 
I.  425. 

Amir  [a-meer'] :  see  Emir. 

Amirantes  [am-e-rants'J,  islands,  XI.  293,  1  c. 

Amissio  civitatis,  in  Roman  law,  III.  754,  2  ab. 

Am'istad  case  [Sp.  a-mees-ta^'],  Mr.  Adams 
counsel  for  the  Africans,  I.  105,  2  a. 

Amite  [a-meet'],  river,  I.  425. 

Amite,  county,  I.  425. 

Amleth  [am'-let] :  see  IIamlet. 

AMLwen  [am'-look],  seaport  town,  I.  426. 


AMMAN 


AMPHICTYONY 


29 


Amman,  Johann  Konrad  [am '-man],  physician, 
I.  426 ;  Y.  732,  2  b  (Deaf  and  Dumb).  Jost, 
or  Jodocus,  painter  and  engraver,  I.  426,  1  b. 
Ammergau  [am'-mer-gow] :  see  Ober-Ammer- 
gau. 

Ammian'us  Marcelli'nus,  Roman  soldier  and 
historian,  I.  426;  X.  200,  1  b,  be. 
Ammonium  ala' turn  (botany),  IX.  196, 2  be  (ill.). 
A mmoce'tes  (ichthyology),  referred  to,  VII.  240, 

1  b. 

Ammodro’mus  (ornithology),  VII.  192, 1  c.  A. 

caudacutus,  2  a  (ill.,  1  c).  A.  maritimus,  2  ab. 
Ammody'tes  (ichthyology),  VI.  448,  1  a. 
Am'mon,  mythical,  I.  426  ;  XII.  116,  2  a;  XIII. 
436,  1  c. 

Ammon,  monk,  XI.  728,  2  c. 

Ammon ,  or  Ammonium,  oasis  :  see  Siwah. 
Ammon,  Christoph  Friedrich  von,  theologian 
and  pulpit  orator,  I.  426. 

Ammo'nia,  1. 427.  See  Chemistry,  IV.  369,  2  b. 
Ammonia  alum ,  I.  364,  1  c  ;  365,  2  c  ;  366,  1  a. 
Ammoniac,  a  gum  resin,  I.  428. 

Ammoniac  acetate ,  I.  61,  2  ab. 

Ammoniakrut  [ain-mo'-ne-a-kroot],  explosive 
powder,  VII.  38,  2  c. 

Ammonian  sections  (of  the  New  Testament),  II. 
612,  1  a. 

Am'monites  [generic,  sing,  and  pi.,  am-mo-ni'- 
teez],  fossil  shells,  I.  428  (ills.)  ;  II.  484,  2  b, 
485,  2  ab.  Shell  of,  XII.  176,  2  c. 
Ammo'nium  (chemistry),  I.  428. 

Ammonium,  Oasis  of :  see  Siwah. 

Ammoni'uret  of  silver  (fulminating  silver),  dis¬ 
coverer  of,  II.  585,  1  a. 

Ammo'nius  Sac'cas,  philosopher,  1. 429.  Found¬ 
er  of  Neo-Platonism,  XII.  224,  2  c;  VI.  391, 

2  b;  XIII.  614,  2  ab. 

Ammonoo'suck,  Upper,  and  Lower  or  Great, 
two  rivers,  I.  429. 

Ammot'ragus  (zoology),  XIV.  837,  1  ab. 
Ammunition,  military  stores  or  provisions,  I. 
429. 

Amner :  see  Almoner. 

Am'nesty,  pardon  of  political  offences,  I.  429. 
Relation  of  amnesty  to  pardon,  2  b.  Proc¬ 
lamations  of  amnesty  by  Presidents  Lincoln 
and  Johnson,  430,  1  a.  The  president’s 
power  to  grant  a  general  amnesty  discussed, 
1  a-432, 1  b ;  affirmed  by  the  supreme  court, 
432,  2  b. 

Amnesty ,  proclamations  of  by  President  John¬ 
son,  IX.  661,  1  c  and  2  c. 

Am'nion,  YL  563,  2  a;  564,  2  b.  Dropsy  of, 
XII.  569,  2  b. 


Amce'ba  :  see  Animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b,  2  be  ; 

XIV.  34,  1  c. 

Amo'mum  cardamomum  (botany),  III.  777,  1 
ab.  A.  Melegueta,  2  a.  A.  grana  paradisi 
(ill.),  ib. 

Amon ,  deity :  see  Ammon,  I.  426,  1  c. 
Amontilla'do  sherry  [Sp.  a-mone-te-lya'-£/io], 

XV.  224,  2  be  and  c.  Cause  of  its  peculiar 
taste,  III.  144,  1  a. 

Amontons,  Guillaume  [a-mong-t6ng],  physicist, 
I.  432. 

Amoo  Darya  [a-inoo'  dar'-ya] :  see  Oxus. 
Amoor,  Amur  [a-moor'j,  or  Saghalien,  river,  I. 

433. 

Amoor  Country,  I.  433. 

A'mor  :  see  Eros. 

Amora'im ,  Jewish  teachers,  VIII.  595,  1  a. 
Amoret'ti,  Carlo,  Italian  scholar,  1. 433.  Maria 
Pellegrina,  2  c. 

Am'orites,  tribe  of  Canaanites,  I.  434. 
Amortization,  or  Amortizement  [a-mor'-tiz- 
ment],  in  old  English  law,  I.  434.  Origin 
of  the  word,  1  b. 

Amortizement :  see  Amortization. 

Am'ory,  Thomas,  author,  I.  434. 

A'mos,  Hebrew  prophet,  I.  434. 

Amo' sis  :  see  Amasis. 

Amoskeag  [am-us-keg'] :  see  Manchester,  N.  II. 
Amoy',  seaport  town,  I.  434. 

Ampaly ,  tree,  X.  810,  1  be. 

Am'pelis  (ornithology),  XVI.  517,  1  c.  A. 
garrulus,  2  b  (ill.) ;  VII.  104,  2  ab.  A.  cedro- 
rum,  IV.  166,  1  c. 

Ampelop' sis  quinquefolia ,  or  A.  hederacea 
(botany),  XVI.  387,  2  c;  ills.,  388.  Other 
species,  ib. 

Ampere,  Andre  Marie  [ang-pair],  physicist,  I. 

434.  His  theory  of  electro-magnetism,  VI. 
513,  2  b,  ff.  Jean  Jacques  Antoine,  I.  435, 
1  a. 

Amp'fing,  Bavarian  village,  I.  435. 
Amphiara'us,  mythical  hero  and  seer,  I.  435. 
Amphib'ia,  1. 435.  See  Comparative  Anatomy. 
Amphibians  and  reptiles ,  difference  between 
them,  I.  437,  2  b ;  VIII.  695,  2  a. 

Am'phibole  rocks ,  VIII.  821,  1  c. 

AmphiboVogy ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  2  b. 
Amphicar'pum  (botany),  XI.  555,  2  b.  A. 

Purshii,  2  c.  A.  Floridanum,  ib. 

Amphic’ tyon,  mythical,  I.  438,  1  c. 
Amphictyon' ic  council ,  I.  438,  1  c ;  X.  222,  1  b. 
Amphio'tyons,  I.  438. 

Amphictyony ,  protective  union  of  neighboring 
Greek  tribes,  states,  or  cities,  I.  438,  1  be. 


30 


AMPIIILOCHUS 


ANAEMIA 


Amphil'ochus,  legendary  hero,  I.  438. 
Amphi'on,  mythical,  I.  439. 

Amphiox'us  (ichthyology),  X.  137,  1  ab.  A. 
lanceolatus  (ill.),  1  be. 

Amphipneu'ra ,  order  of  amphibia,  I.  435,  2  b. 
Amphip'olis,  ancient  city,  I.  439. 

Amphisbas'na  (zoology),  I.  439.  A.  fnliginosa, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Amphithe'atre,  Roman,  I.  439.  At  Verona 
(ill.),  440 ;  at  Ephesus  (ill.),  VI.  678. 
Amphitherium ,  fossil  animal,  XII.  Ill,  lb. 
Amphitri'te,  Greek  deity,  I.  441.  How  dis¬ 
tinguished  from  Aphrodite  in  ancient  art,  1  a. 
Amphit'ryon,  in  Greek  legends,  I.  441 ;  264, 

1  b. 

Amphi’uma  me' am  (zoology),  V.  242,  1  b  (ill.). 

A.  tridactylum,  1  c. 

Am'piiora,  ancient  vase,  I.  441  (ills.). 
Amplifier ,  for  the  microscope,  XI.  515,  2  a. 
Ampt' hill  park,  alluded  to,  II.  449,  2  c. 
Ampul'la,  Roman  bottle-shaped  vessel,  I.  441. 

Ampulla  Rhemensis,  legend  of,  2  a. 
Amputa'tion,  surgical  operation,  I.  441. 
Am'raphel ,  ancient  king,  IV.  230,  2  ab. 
Amrit'sir,  or  Umritsir,  town,  I.  442. 

Amru  Ibn  el-Aas  [am'-roo  ibn  el-ass'],  early 
proselyte  of  Mohammed,  1.  442. 
Amru’l-Kais  [am-rool-klce'],  or  Amrulcais, 
Arabian  poet,  I.  442. 

Ams'dorf,  Nikolaus  von,  German  reformer,  I. 
443. 

Amshas'pands ,  in  Persian  demonology,  V.  793, 

2  b. 

Am'sler,  Samuel,  engraver,  I.  443. 

Am'stel,  river,  I.  443. 

Amsterdam,  city,  I.  443.  Palace  of,  444,  1  a 

(ill.). 

Amt ,  district,  II.  556,  1  c. 

Amther  [am'-ter],  a  naturalized  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  case  of,  I.  327,  1  b. 

Amtmand ,  an  officer  of  the  Faroe  isles,  VII. 
90,  2  a. 

Amuck',  running,  a  Malay  custom,  I.  445. 
Am'ulet,  worn  as  a  preservative  against  real 
or  fancied  evil,  I.  445. 

Amun ,  Egyptian  deity,  XII.  116,  2  a. 
Amunoph :  see  Amenophis. 

Amur :  see  Amoor. 

Amurath,  or  Murad  [a-moo-rat',  moo-rad'], 
four  Turkish  sultans,  I.  445. 

Amurath  (Jozef  Bern),  Polish  general,  II.  513, 
1  c. 

Amussat,  Jean  Zulema  [a-mii-sa],  French  sur¬ 
geon,  I.  447. 


Am'yda  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  a  and  c.  A. 
spinifer,  2  a. 

Amyg'dalce :  see  Tonsils. 

Amygda'lece  (botany),  I.  344,  2  be ;  345,  1  b. 
Amygdali'tis :  see  Quinsy. 

Amyg'daloid,  a  rock  formation,  I.  447.  See 
XVI.  574,  2  a. 

Amygdalus  (botany) :  see  Almond.  A.  Per- 
sica  (peach),  XIII.  204,  2  c;  ill.,  205,  1  a. 
Meaning  of  amygdalus,  206,  1  ab. 

Am'yl  (chemistry),  I.  447. 

Amy  la' ceous  matter :  see  Starch. 

Amyl  alcohol:  see  Fusel  Oil. 

Am'ylene  (chemistry),  I.  447. 

Amyl' ic  alcohol :  see  Amyl. 

Amyloid  substance ,  XIV.  31,  1  c. 

Amyn'tas,  three  Macedonian  kings,  I.  448. 
Amyot,  Jacques  [am-yo],  author,  I.  448. 
Amyot ,  missionary :  see  Amiot. 

Amyral'dists ,  followers  of  John  Cameron,  III. 
655,  2  a. 

Amyraut,  Molse  [am-e-ro],  theologian,  I.  448. 
Am'yris  (botany),  II.  247,  1  a. 

An'a,  prefix  and  suffix,  I.  448. 

Anabap'tists,  1. 448.  Different  classes  of,  449, 

1  b ;  the  fanatics  and  revolutionists,  2  b ; 
the  conscientious  and  law-abiding,  450,  1  b ; 
persecution  of  the  latter,  their  tenets  and 
character,  ib. 

An'abas  Scan'dens  (ichthyology),  I.  450. 
Anab'asis,  title  of  a  book,  I.  451. 

An'ableps  (ichthyology),  I.  451 ;  X.  556,  1  be. 
Anacamp’sis  sarcitel'la,  moth,  XI.  870,  2  a. 
Anacar'dium  occidenta'le  (botany),  IV.  53,  2  c. 
Anacharis  [an-ak'-a-ris],  (botany),  referred  to, 
I.  609,  2  be.  A.  alsinastrum,  2  c. 
Anachar'sis,  Scythian  philosopher,  I.  451. 
Anacharsis  Clootz:  see  Clootz,  Jean  Baptiste- 
Anachoret  [an-ak'-o-ret] :  see  Anchoret. 
Anacle'tus,  saint  and  pope,  I.  451.  Antipope, 

2  b;  II.  573,  2  a,  b,  and  c;  IX.  287,  2  ab. 
Anacon'da,  I.  451  (ill.).  See  III.  225,  2  b. 
Anac'reon,  Greek  poet,  I.  452. 

Anacreon  of  the  Guillotine  (Barere),  II.  310, 1  a. 
Of  Sweden  (Bellman),  II.  506,  2  c.  Portu¬ 
guese,  VIII.  100,  1  be.  Sicilian:  see  Meli. 
Anacto'ria ,  a  name  of  Miletus,  XI.  536,  1  a. 
Anadir:  see  Anadyr. 

Anado'li  Hissar ',  castle,  III.  113,  1  b. 
Anadyomene  [an-a-di-om'-e-ne],  surname  of  a 
picture  of  Venus,  I.  452. 

Anadyr  [an-a-deer'],  gulf,  I.  452 ;  river,  2  b. 
An^'mia:  see  Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  and 
Chlorosis.  Cerebral,  III.  197,  2  c„  In  chlo- 


» 


ANAEMIC 


ANCILLON 


31 


rosis,  IV.  504,  1  be.  In  other  conditions  of 
the  system,  2  c. 

Anaemic  females :  see  Goitre,  VIII.  71,  1  ab. 

Anaemic  protrusion  of  the  eyeballs,  VIII.  566, 
2  b. 

Ancesthe'sia,  ethereal ,  introduction  of  into  den¬ 
tistry  and  surgery,  XI.  855,  2  b. 

Anaesthesia,  lead,  X.  247,  2  b. 

An.estiiet'ics,  I.  452.  Discovery  of,  453,  2 
ab;  IX.  495,  lb. 

AnagaVlis  arven'sis  (botany),  XIII.  518,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Anagni  [a-na'-nye],  town,  I.  455. 

An'agram,  I.  455.  Examples  of,  1  b. 

An'ahid :  see  Anaitis. 

Anahuac  [a-na'-wak],  Mexican  aboriginal 
name,  I.  455.  Anahuac-Ayotlan  and  Ana- 
huac-Xicalanco,  1  c. 

Anahualtecas :  see  Anahuac. 

Anaitis  [an-a-I'-tis],  or  Anahid,  oriental  god¬ 
dess,  I.  455. 

An’akim,  giant  race,  XV.  546,  2  ab. 

Analogues,  Geoffroy’s  theory  of,  VII.  682,  1  b. 

Analysis :  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  430,  2  ab. 

Analysis  by  diffusion :  see  Dialysis. 

Analytical  Geom'etry,  I.  455. 

An'alyzer,  in  polarizing  apparatus,  X.  446,  2  c. 

An  am',  or  Annam,  I.  456  (map). 

Anamboe  [an-am-boo'J,  seaport  town,  I.  457. 

Anamelech  [an-am'-e-lek],  Babylonian  deity, 
XII.  117,  1  c. 

Anamese  race,  I.  457,  1  ab ;  IX.  253,  1  c. 

Anamir'ta :  see  Coccultts. 

Ananas' sa  sati'va  (botany),  XIII.  527,  2  c. 

Anan  ben  David ,  founder  of  the  Karaite  sect, 
IX.  767,  1  c;  VIII.  595,  2  b. 

Anani'as,  name  of  three  persons,  I.  457. 

“  Anar'chiadf  the,  poems,  IX.  52,  1  b. 

Anarrhi' cas  lu'pus  (ichthyology),  XVI.  698, 
2  a  (ill.);  IV.  110,  1  ab. 

A'nas  (ornithology),  VI.  288,  2  ab.  A.  boschas, 
2  c  (ill.).  A.  acuta,  anatomy  of,  V.  175,  2  a. 

Anas,  river:  see  Guadiana. 

Anasar'ca,  general  dropsy,  VI.  266,  1  ab ;  XII. 
582,  2  c. 

Anasta'sia,  name  of  three  saints,  I.  457. 

Anastasius,  name  of  four  popes,  I.  458. 

Anastasius,  name  of  two  emperors,  I.  458. 

Anastasius  Grun,  pseudonyme,  II.  105,  2  c. 

Anastat'ica  hierochun'tina  (botany),  XIV.  440, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Anastomo'sis  (anatomy),  I.  458. 

An'ata  :  see  Anatiioth. 

Anatase,  mineral :  see  Titanium,  XV.  770,  2  c. 


Anath'ema,  in  Greek  classics  and  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  I.  458.  Anathema  mara- 
natha:  see  XV.  272,  1  c. 

An'athotii,  a  town  of  Palestine,  I.  459. 

Anat'ifa:  see  Barnacle,  II.  319,  2  a. 

Anati'nae  (ornithology),  III.  732,  2  c ;  VI.  288, 
1  b. 

Anato'lia  :  see  Asia  Minor. 

Anatom'ical  Preparations,  I.  459.  Artificial 
imitations,  2  c,  and  II.  157  (Auzoux,  T.  L.). 
Hyrtl’s,  IX.  139,  1  c. 

Anatomie  clastique  [a-na-to-me  klas-teek] :  see 
Auzoux,  T.  L. 

Anat'omy,  I.  460.  Human,  first  investigator 
of,  VIII.  692,  1  b.  Microscopic,  745,  2  b. 
Transcendental,  XIII.  422,  2  b. 

Anatomy,  Comparative :  see  Comparative 
Anatomy. 

Anatomy  act,  XV.  122,  1  b. 

Anaxag'oras,  Greek  philosopher,  I.  463.  His 
views  of  the  origin  of  plants  and  animals, 
VII.  10,  1  b. 

Anaxagore'ia ,  festival,  I.  463,  2  a. 

Anaxar'chus,  Greek  philosopher,  I.  463. 

Anaximan'der,  Greek  philosopher,  I.  463. 
Views  attributed  to  him  of  the  origin  of  ani¬ 
mals,  and  of  man  as  he  now  exists,  VII.  10, 
1  ab. 

Anaximenes  [an-ax-im'-e-neez],  Greek  philoso¬ 
pher,  I.  463.  Historian  and  rhetorician,  2  c. 

Ancach  [an-katch'J,  department  of  Peru,  I.  464. 

Ancelot,  Jacques  Arsene  Francois  Polycarpe 
[ang-slo],  dramatist,  I.  464.  Marguerite  Louise 
Virginie  Chardon,  dramatist  and  novelist, 
1  b. 

Anciiises  [an-kl'-zeez],  legendary  Trojan  prince, 
I.  464. 

AN'cnoR,  for  mooring  a  vessel,  I.  464  (ills.). 

Anchor  budding,  for  propagating  trees,  III. 
404,  2  b. 

ANcnoRET  [ang'-ko-ret],  Anchorite,  or  Anacho- 
ret,  religious  recluse,  I.  467 ;  XI.  728,  2  b. 

Anchovy  [an-tcho'-ve],  fish,  I.  467  (ill.)*  An- 
chovy,  so-called,  XV.  57,  2  c. 

Anchu’sa  tincto'ria,  false  alkanet,  I.  322,  2  b. 

Anchusine  [ang'-ku-zin],  a  dye,  I.  322,  2  c. 

Anchylosis  [ang-ke-lo'-sis],  (pathology),  I.  467. 
Treatment,  468,  1  a. 

Ancienne  Lorette  [ang-se-8n  lo-rSt],  village, 
I.  468. 

Ancillon,  David  [ang-ce-lyong],  clergyman,  I. 
468.  Charles,  author,  1  c.  Ludwig  Fried¬ 
rich,  clergyman,  2  a.  Johann  Peter  Fried¬ 
rich,  statesman  and  historian,  ib. 


32 


ANCKARSTROEM 


ANDREW 


Anckarstroem,  or  Ankar  strom,  Johan  Jakob 
[an'-kar-strom],  assassin,  I.  4G8. 

An'clam  :  see  Anklam. 

Anco'na,  province,  I.  468.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Ancona  with  the  Arch  of  Trajan  (ill.),  469. 
Ancona ,  Andrea  di  (Lilio),  I.  469,  2  a. 

Ancre,  Concino  de’  Concini,  marshal  and  mar¬ 
quis  d’  [dang-kr’j,  I.  469. 

An'cus  Mar'cius,  fourth  king  of  Rome,  I.  470. 
Ancy'ra,  ancient  city,  I.  470.  Monument  of, 

1  be;  XIII.  310,  2  b. 

Andalu'sia,  southern  division  of  Spain,  I.  470. 

Origin  of  the  name,  XYI.  257,  1  a. 
An'daman  Islands,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  I. 
470. 

Andeafaran :  see  Andover,  England. 
Andeca'vi,  or  Andegavi,  ancient  tribe  of  Gaul, 
I.  494,  2  a ;  527,  2  c. 

Andegavi :  see  Andecavi  (Index). 

Andelot  [ang-dlo],  treaty  of,  VIII.  247,  2  c. 
Andelys,  Les  [la  zang-dle],  town,  I.  471. 
Andenne  [ang-den],  town,  I.  471. 

Anderlecht  [an'-der-lekt],  town,  I.  471. 
Anderlo'ni,  Pietro,  engraver,  I.  471.  Fausti- 
no,  engraver,  1  b. 

An'dersen,  Hans  Christian,  Danish  poet  and 
novelist,  I.  471.  (Died  1875.) 

An'derson,  five  counties,  I.  472. 

Anderson,  Alexander,  first  American  wood 
engraver,  I.  472. 

Anderson,  Sir  Edmund,  judge,  I.  472. 
Anderson,  James,  antiquary,  I.  472. 
Anderson,  James,  writer  on  agriculture,  &c., 
I.  472. 

Anderson,  John,  Scottish  educator,  I.  473. 
Anderson,  Martin  Brewer,  LL.  D.,  American 
educator,  president  of  the  university  of 
Rochester,  I.  473. 

Anderson,  Robert,  general,  I.  473. 

Anderson- Garrett,  Dr.  (Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gar¬ 
rett  Anderson),  VII.  627,  1  ab. 

Anderson  school  of  natural  history ,  VI.  537, 

2  be.  (Discontinued  after  1874.) 
Andersonville,  I.  473.  Military  prison,  2  be. 

Cemetery,  475,  1  b. 

An'derssen,  Adolph,  chess  player,  I.  475. 
An'dersson,  Carl  Johan,  traveller,  I.  475. 
Andersson,  Lars :  see  Andreas,  Laurentius. 
Andersson,  Nils  Johan,  Swedish  botanist,  I. 
475. 

Andes  [an'-deez],  mountains,  I.  475.  Different 
members  of,  476,  1  a.  General  character  of, 
478, 1  ab.  Geological  structure  and  minerals, 
479,  1  c.  Derivation  of  the  name,  480,  1  a. 


Andes  grass ,  XII.  562,  1  a. 

Andhra ,  a  race  of  India,  IX.  215,  1  c. 

Andlaw,  Franz  Xaver  von  [and'-lav],  diploma¬ 
tist,  I.  480. 

Andocides  [an  dos'-e-deez],  Athenian  orator, 
I.  480. 

Andor'ra,  republic,  I.  480. 

An'dovee,  town  of  England,  I.  481.  Origin 
of  the  name,  1  a. 

Andover,  town  of  Massachusetts,  I.  481.  The¬ 
ological  seminary,  1  b. 

Andrada,  Antonio  d’  [dang-dra'-da],  mission¬ 
ary,  I.  481. 

Andrada  e  Sylya,  Bonifacio  Joze  d’,  states¬ 
man  and  naturalist,  I.  481 . 

Andral,  Gabriel  [ang-dral],  physician,  I.  482. 
Andraos  [an'-drowce],  (Abba  Salama),  bishop 
of  Abyssinia,  I.  48,  2  b. 

Andrassy,  Gyula  (Julius),  count  [on'-dra-she], 
statesman,  I.  482. 

Andr£,  Johann  Anton  [ang-dra],  composer,  I. 

482. 

Andre,  John,  British  officer,  I.  482;  759,  2  c. 

Court  for  trial  of,  X.  97,  1  a ;  229,  2  b. 
Andrea,  Girolamo  d’  [dan-dra'-a],  cardinal,  I. 

483. 

Andrea  Pisano  [an-dra'-a  pe-za'-no],  sculptor 
and  architect,  I.  483. 

Andrea  del  Sarto  :  see  Sarto. 

Andrea  di  Ancona  (Lilio),  I.  469,  2  a. 

Andrew,  Jakob  [an'-dra-a],  theologian,  I.  483. 

Johann  Valentin,  author,  2  c. 

Andrew,  Laurentius,  or  Lars  Andersson,  Swe¬ 
dish  scholar,  I.  484.  His  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  1  b. 

Andreani,  Andrea  [an-dra-a'-ne],  (II  Man- 
tuano),  painter  and  engraver,  I.  484. 
Andreanov  Islands  [an-dra-a-nov'] :  see  Aleu¬ 
tian  Islands. 

Andreaslerg  [an'-dra-ass-bairg],  city  and  mines 
of,  VIII.  493,  2  a. 

Andree,  Karl  Theodor  [an'-dra],  geographer, 
I.  484.  (Died  1875.) 

Andreini,  Francesco  [an-dra-e'-ne],  comedian, 
I.  484.  Isabella,  2  a.  Giovanni  Battista,  ib. 
Andren’  idee,  bees,  II.  451,  1  a. 

Andreoli ,  Giorgio  [an-dra-o'-le] :  see  Pottery 
and  Porcelain,  XIII.  781,  2  b. 

Andr£ossi,  Antoine  Francois,  count  d’  [da"4’, 
dra-us-se],  I.  484. 

Andres,  Juan  [an-drace'],  Spanish  scholar,  I. 

484. 

Andre'tium ,  Roman  castle  of,  IV.  692,  1  b. 
Andrew,  county,  I.  484. 


ANDREW 


ANGLE 


33 


Andrew,  name  of  three  Hungarian  kings,  1. 485. 

Andrew,  Saint,  I.  485.  '  St.  Andrew’s  cross, 
1  c.  Order  of  St.  Andrew :  see  Thistle, 
Order  of  the. 

Andrew,  James  Osgood,  D.  D.,  Methodist 
bishop,  I.  485. 

Andrew,  John  Albion,  governor  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  I.  485. 

Andrews,  James  Pettit,  historian,  I.  486. 

Andrews,  Lancelot,  scholar  and  prelate,  I.  486. 

Andrews's  lock ,  X.  563,  2  b  (ills.). 

Andria  [an'-dre-a],  town,  I.  486. 

Andrieux,  Francois  Guillaume  Jean  Stanislas 
[ang-dre-yuh],  French  author,  I.  486. 

Andris'cus,  or  Pseudo  Philip,  I.  486. 

An'droclus,  Roman  slave,  I.  486.  Spared  by 
a  lion  whose  foot  he  had  relieved  of  a  thorn, 
ib.  (Aulus  Gellius,  Noct.  Att .,  V.  xiv.) 

Androi'des  :  see  Automaton,  and  Juggler, 
IX.  708,  1  a. 

Andromache  [an-drom'-a-ke],  wife  of  Hector, 

I.  487. 

Andromachus ,  physician  and  first  archiater,  I. 
650,  1  b.  See  Medicine,  XI.  347,  2  a. 

Androm'eda,  mythical  princess,  I.  487. 

Andromeda  arborea  (botany),  XY.  855,  1  be. 

Androni'cus,  name  of  four  emperors  of  Con¬ 
stantinople,  I.  487. 

Andronicus,  Livius,  poet,  I.  487.  Andronicus 
of  Rhodes,  philosopher,  2  c. 

Andropo' gon  (botany),  X.  337,  1  be.  A.  schoe- 
nanthus,  be  and  c ;  XYI.  336,  2  c.  A. 
muricatus,  ib.  A.  calamus-aromaticus,  X. 
337,  2  a. 

An'dros,  island  of  Greece,  I.  488. 

Andros,  island  of  the  Bahamas,  I.  488. 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund,  English  colonial  gover¬ 
nor,  I.  488. 

Androscog'gin,  county,  I.  488. 

Androscoggin,  or  Ameriscoggin,  river,  I.  488. 

Andryana,  Alexandre  [ang-dre-y8-na],  revolu¬ 
tionist,  I.  488. 

Andujar,  or  Anduxar  [an-doo'-khar],  Spanish 
town,  I.  488. 

Anduxar :  see  Andujar. 

Anegada  [an-e-ga'-da],  island,  I.  489. 

Aneiza :  see  Oneiza. 

Anel,  Dominique  [a-n&l],  surgeon,  I.  489. 

Anemom'eter,  for  measuring  the  force  of  the 
wind,  I.  489  (ill.,  490,  1  a) ;  XII.  688,  2  c ; 
XYI.  657,  1  c. 

Anemone  [a-nem'-o-ne],  genus  of  plants,  I. 
490.  A.  liortensis,  2  b  (ill.). 

Anemone ,  sea ,  I.  74,  2  a  (Actinia). 

3 


Anem'osoope,  for  showing  the  wind’s  direc¬ 
tion,  I.  491. 

Anenceph'alous  foetus ,  XI.  765,  1  ab. 

Anen’tera:  see  Animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 

Anerio,  Felice  [a-na'-re-o],  musician,  I.  491. 
Giovanni  Francesco,  1  b. 

An'eroid  :  see  Barometer,  II.  329,  2  a.  Beck¬ 
er’s  improvement,  330,  1  ab. 

Ane'thum  grave' olens  (botany),  YI.  110,  1  a 
(ill.).  • 

An'eurin,  Welsh  bard,  I.  491. 

An'eurism,  I.  491.  See  Mott,  Yalentine,  XII. 
5,  2  b.  Miliary  aneurism,  III.  199,  2  ab. 

Aneuris'mal  tumor ,  I.  491,  2  a ;  III.  197,  1  b. 
Fatal  result  of  mistaken  diagnosis,  I.  491,  2  c. 

Anfos'si,  Pasquale,  composer,  I.  492. 

Angara  [an-ga'-ra],  river  of  Siberia,  I.  492. 

Angel  [ain'-jel],  in  Jewish  and  Christian  litera¬ 
ture,  I.  492. 

Angel,  a  coin,  I.  492  (ill.). 

Angel  Fish,  I.  493  (ill.). 

Angeli,  Filippo  [an'-ja-le],  painter,  I.  498. 

Angel'ica  tree ,  YIII.  680,  1  be. 

Angelic  Doctor :  see  Aquinas,  Thomas. 

Angel'ico,  Fra,  painter,  I.  493. 

Angeli'na,  county,  I.  493. 

Angell,  Joseph  K.,  writer  on  law,  I.  493. 

Angeln  [an'-gheln],  or  Anglen,  Schleswig,  I. 
494.  The  name  Angles  preserved  in  no 
other  part  of  the  continent,  ib. 

Angelo,  Michel  [me'-kel  an'-ja-lo]:  see  Buo¬ 
narroti. 

Angelo  Maria:  see  Querini,  Girolamo. 

An'gelus ,  Isaac ,  emperor,  HI.  516,  2  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  I.  292,  2  b. 

Angelus  bell:  see  Angelus  Domini. 

Angelus  Domini,  form  of  prayer,  I.  494. 

Angelus  Silesius,  philosophical  poet,  I.  494. 

Angerman  (Swed.  Angerman,  ong'-er-man), 
Angerman-aa,  or  Angerman-elf,  river,  I. 
494. 

Angermunde  [ang'-er-mfin-deh],  town,  I.  494. 

Angers  [ang-zha],  city,  I.  494. 

Anghiera,  Pietro  Martire  d’  [dan-ghe-a'-ra], 
historian,  I.  494. 

Angilbert,  Saint  [ang-zhil-bair],  statesman  and 
poet,  I.  494. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  disease,  I.  495.  Sedative 
for,  447,  2  c. 

Angle  (geometry),  I.  496.  Plane  angles,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Spherical  angles,  1  c  (ill.).  Dihedral 
angles,  ib.  (ill.).  Polyhedral  angles,  2  ab 
(ills.).  Angle  of  total  reflection,  2  be  (ill., 
497,  1  a) ;  XI.  629,  1  ab.  Angles  of  inci- 


34: 


ANGLER 


ANIMAL 


dence  and  reflection,  X.  438,  2  a ;  XII.  654, 
2  a.  Angle  of  aperture  in  lenses,  XI.  513, 
2  be.  Right  angle  as  a  natural  measure, 
XVI.  537,  2  b. 

Angler  Fish  :  see  Goose  Fish. 

Angles  [ang'-g’lz],  or  Angli,  I.  497. 

Anglesea,  or  Anglesey  [ang'-g’l-se],  island,  I. 
497. 

Anglesey :  see  Anglesea. 

Anglesey,  Earl  of :  see  Annesley. 

Anglesey,  Henry  William  Paget,  earl  of,  I.  497. 

Anglesite  [ang'-gle-site],  sulphate  of  lead,  X. 
250,  1  a. 

Angli :  see  Angles. 

Anglia  (England),  I.  499,  1  c. 

Angling,  I.  498. 

Anglo-Catholic  movement ,  in  the  Anglican 
church,  XIY.  96,  1  c. 

Anglo-Saxon ,  modern  (English),  VII.  741,  1  a. 

Anglo-Saxons,  I.  498.  Anglo-Saxon  Church, 
500,  1  b.  Anglo-Saxon  Jurisprudence,  2  a. 

Anglo-Saxons,  Language  and  Literature  of 
the,  I.  501.  Literature,  504,  1  a. 

Ango,  Jean  :  see  Angot. 

Ango'la,  South  African  colony,  I.  506. 

Ango'ra,  Turkish  city,  I.  506.  Angora  goat, 
2  c  (ill.,  507,  1  a). 

Angora  cat ,  IV.  92,  2  a. 

Angor'no,  African  town,  I.  507. 

Angostura  [an-go-stoo'-ra],  or  Ciudad  Boli¬ 
var,  city,  I.  507. 

Angostura  Bark,  I.  507.  See  XII.  546,  2  b. 

Angot,  or  Ango,  Jean  [ang-go],  merchant,  I. 
507.  His  blockade  of  Lisbon,  2  a. 

Angouleme  [ang-goo-laim],  town,  I.  507. 

Angouleme,  Charles  de  Valois,  duke  of,  I. 
507,  2  c.  Louis  Antoine  de  Bourbon,  duke 
of,  508, 1  a.  Marie  Ther£se  Charlotte,  duch¬ 
ess  of,  1  b. 

Angoumois  [ang-goo-mwa],  province,  I.  508. 

Angoumois  grain  moth ,  XVI.  589,  1  c,  2  b. 

An'gra,  seaport  town,  I.  508. 

Anguilla  (ichthyology),  VI.  446,  1  be.  A. 
vulgaris,  1  c  (ill.).  Other  species,  ib. 

Anguil'lula  aceti  (entozoa),  XVI.  338,  2  be. 
A.  glutinis,  ib. 

^nguisciola,  Angussola,  or  Agnosciola,  Sofo- 
nisba  [an-gwe-sho'-la,  an-goos-so'-la,  a-nyo- 
sho'-la],  female  painter,  I.  508. 

Anguis  fragilis :  see  Blindworm. 

Angular  advance  (of  the  eccentric),  XV.  347, 
2  a  (Steam  Engine). 

Angus,  county:  see  Forfarshire. 

Angus,  Earls  of :  see  Douglas. 


Angussola:  see  Anguisciola. 

Anhalt  [an'-halt],  duchy,  I.  508. 

Anhydrides  [an-hi'-dridz],  I.  508.  Anhydride 
distinguished  from  anhydrous,  509,  1  a. 

Anhy'drite ,  mineral,  VIII.  359,  1  c;  XIV.  573, 
1  b ;  XV.  453,  2  c. 

Anhydrous  acetic  acid ,  I.  61,  2  c. 

Anhydrous  alkalies ,  I.  322,  1  b. 

Anhydrous  Jl-uohy dr ic  acid ,  VII.  291,  2  ab. 

Anliydrus ,  mountain:  see  Hymettus. 

Ani,  or  Anni  [a'-ne],  ruined  city,  I.  509. 

Anicet-Bourgeois  [a-ne-sa-boor-zhwa],  dram¬ 
atist,  I.  509. 

Anice'tus,  freedman  of  Nero,  I.  509. 

Aniello,  Tommaso  :  see  Masaniello. 

Anil'ic  Acid,  I.  509. 

Aniline  [an'-e-lin],  I.  509.  An  artificial  alka¬ 
loid,  322,  2  b.  Its  use  in  calico  printing, 
III.  597,  2  be ;  in  dyeing  silk,  VI.  343,  1  a. 

Animal,  I.  509.  Comparison  between  animals 
and  plants,  2  be.  Subdivisions  of  zoology, 
510,  2  c.  Classification  of  animals,  ib. ;  chem¬ 
ical  composition  of,  511,  1  be;  fecundity 
of,  2  b ;  correspondence  between  structure, 
habits,  and  functions,  2  c  ;  food,  512,  1  a  \ 
strength  and  endurance,  2  a ;  fleetness,  2  be 
intelligence,  513,  1  ab ;  habits,  2  a. 

Animal  anatomy ,  I.  460,  1  b. 

Animal  black  (animal  charcoal),  obtained  in 
ammonia  works,  I.  427,  2  c.  Its  use  in  re¬ 
fining  sugar,  XV.  447, 1  c ;  as  a  manure,  III. 
63,  1  b. 

Animalcule  cage ,  in  microscopy,  XI.  520,  2  c. 

Animalcules,  I.  513.  Infusoria,  514,  1  a ; 
structure  of,  1  b;  obstacles  to  systematic 
classification  of,  1  c.  Polygastric  infusoria, 
515,  1  a.  Rotifera  or  wheel  animalcules, 
517,  1  b.  Ciliates,  XV.  284,  2  c. 

Animal  Electricity,  I.  518.  Production  of 
dynamic  electricity,  1  b ;  discoveries  of  Gal- 
vani  and  Volta,  ib. ;  production  of  galvanic 
currents  established,  519,  1  a;  diminution 
and  reproduction  of  the  muscular  current 
after  death,  2  a ;  antagonism  of  the  longitu¬ 
dinal  and  transverse  sections  of  a  muscle,  2 
c;  inducing  and  induced  muscular  contrac¬ 
tion,  520,  1  b  ;  influence  of  voluntary  move> 
ment  on  the  galvanic  current,  2  c ;  galvanic 
currents  in  nerves,  521,  1  a;  electro-motive 
power  of  nerves  and  muscles,  1  b.  Produc¬ 
tion  of  static  electricity  in  animals,  2  c. 

Animal  flowers,  so  called,  IX.  602,  1  b. 

Animal  Heat,  I.  522, 

Animal  Magnetism,  or  Mesmerism,  I.  524. 


ANIMAL 


ANODYNE 


35 


Animal  matter ,  constituents  of,  I.  193,  2  a. 
Animal  phosphorescence ,  VIII.  40,  2  be;  XIII. 
402,  1  a. 

Animals  (brute),  age  of,  I.  182,  2  a,  ff. 
Animals ,  theories  of  their  origin :  see  Arciie- 
laus,  I.  047, 1  ab ;  Darwin,  Charles  Robert ; 
Evolution;  Haeckel,  Ernst  Heinrich ;  Pro¬ 
toplasm;  Wallace,  Alfred  Russel. 

Anim£  [an'-e-ma],  a  resin,  I.  527. 

Animism,  theory  of,  XIII.  484,  1  c. 

An' ions  (chemistry),  VII.  84,  1  c ;  597,  2  ab. 
An' is:  see  Architecture,  I.  050,  1  b. 

Anise  Seed  [an'-is],  I.  527  (ill.).  Anise-seed 
cordial,  2  be. 

Anisop'terix  (zoology):  see  Canker  Worm. 
Anjou  [anfr-zhoo],  province,  I.  527. 

Anjou,  Margaret  of:  see  Margaret. 
Ankarstrom :  see  Anckarstroem. 

Anklam  [an'-klam],  town,  I.  528. 

Ankudinoff, J  pretender  to  the  Russian  crown, 
I.  293,  2  c. 

Ankwitz,  Mikolaj,  count  [ank'-vitz],  Polish 
politician,  I.  528. 

Anlaf:  see  Aulaf. 

Anlandung  [an'-len-doong] :  see  Alluvium,  I. 
339,  1  a. 

Anna  and  Dido ,  names  under  which  Astarte 
was  worshipped  at  Carthage,  XII.  118,  1  b. 
Annaberg  [an'-na-bairg],  town  of  Saxony,  I. 
528. 

Anna  Carlovna,  grand  duchess  of  Russia,  I. 

528.  See  Munnich,  Burkhard  Christoph. 
Anna  Comnena,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
Alexis  Comnenus,  I.  528. 

Anna  Ivanovna,  empress  of  Russia,  I.  528; 
XIV.  655,  1  b. 

Annales  [an-na'-leez],  (fasti),  VII.  93,  2  c. 
Annals,  chronological  record  of  events,  I.  529. 
Annals  of  Boyle  (Irish  annals),  III.  173,  1  b. 
Annam :  see  Anam. 

Annandale ,  lords  of,  III.  351,  2  ab,  c. 
Annap'olis,  city  of  Maryland,  I.  529.  U.  S. 

naval  academy,  2  c  (ill.). 

Annapolis,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  I.  530. 
Town,  2  b. 

Ann  Ar'bor,  city  of  Michigan,  I.  530. 

Annates :  see  Annats. 

An'nats,  or  Annates,  in  ecclesiastical  law,  I. 

531.  Made  perpetual,  III.  66,  2  be. 
Annatto  :  see  Annotto. 

Anne,  queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  I. 
531. 

Annealing,  I.  531.  See  Glass,  VIII.  15,  2  a, 
and  Steel,  XV.  364,  2  be. 


Anne  Arun'del,  county,  I.  532. 

Anne  of  Austria,  queen  of  France,  I.  532 ; 
X.  173,  1  c. 

Anne  Boleyn,  Bullen,  or  Bouleyne,  queen 
[ann  bool'-en],  I.  532 ;  VIII.  650,  2  ab. 

Anne  Bouleyne :  see  Anne  Boleyn. 

Anne  of  Brit'tany,  queen  of  France,  I.  533. 
Anne  Bullen:  see  Anne  Boleyn. 

Anne  of  Cleves,  fourth  wife  of  Henry  VIII., 
I.  533  ;  VIII.  653,  1  a.  Her  birthplace,  IV. 
677,  2  be.  Brief  description  of  her,  V.  509, 
2  c. 

Annecy  [an-se  or  an-niih-se],  town,  I.  533. 
Annel'ida,  red-blooded  worms,  I.  533. 
An'nelids ,  eyes  of,  VII.  48,  2  a. 

Anne  de  Pisseleu ,  duchess  d’Etampes:  see 
Etampes,  and  Chateaubriant,  IV.  334,  1  c. 
Anne  of  Savoy ,  empress  mother,  III.  724, 

1  ab. 

Annesley,  Arthur  [anz'-le],  earl  of  Anglesey, 
I.  533.  James,  Lord  Altharn,  534,  1  a. 
Anni:  see  Ani. 

Annibal:  see  Hannibal. 

Annius  of  Viterbo,  Italian  Dominican,  I.  534. 
Anno,  or  Ilanno,  Saint,  archbishop  of  Cologne, 
I.  534.  Hymn  of  St.  Anno,  1  b. 

Anno  Domini ,  introduction  of  it  as  an  era  in 
chronology,  IV.  558,  1  c. 

Annona'ria  commo'da ,  stipends  of  the  archiatri, 
I.  650,  1  c. 

Annonay,  town,  I.  534. 

Annot'to,  Annatto,  or  Arnatto,  coloring  mat¬ 
ter,  I.  534;  XIII.  339,  1  b. 

Annuity,  I.  534.  Present  value,  2  be ;  rever¬ 
sionary  value,  535,  1  a ;  mathematical  solu¬ 
tion,  1  ab  ;  medical  solution,  1  c. 

Annular  furnace ,  for  baking  bricks,  III.  267, 

2  a  (ill.). 

An'nulet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be.  See 
plate  (after  p.  670),  on  the  left. 

Annulus,  seal,  XIV.  735,  1  a. 

Annulus  pastoral lis,  bishop’s  finger  ring,  II. 
663,  2  c. 

Annulus  pronu'bus,  betrothment  ring,  II.  597, 
2  b. 

Annuncia'tion,  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  I.  535. 
Feast  of,  2  ab. 

Ano'bium,  insect :  see  Death  Watch.  A. 

bibliothecarium,  V.  546,  1  c. 

An' ode,  in  galvanism,  VII.  84,  1  c;  597,  2  ab. 
Anodon,  mussel,  XII.  104,  1  ab.  A.  anatinus 
(ill.),  V.  199,  1  b. 

An'odyne,  I.  535. 

Anodyne  necklace,  I.  445,  2  a. 


36 


ANOINTING 


ANTHESTERIA 


Anoint'ing,  token  of  honor,  and  of  consecra¬ 
tion  to  an  office  or  a  sacred  use,  I.  535. 

Ano'ka,  county,  I.  536. 

Ano'lis,  reptile,  I.  536.  Species  of,  2  a  (ill.). 

Anoliits  (zoology),  I.  536,  1  ab. 

Anomia ,  mollusk,  XII.  773,  1  c. 

Anomce'an  doctrines ,  I.  155,  1  a. 

Anomceans ,  sect,  I.  700,  2  a.  See  Eunomius. 

Ano'na  (botany),  V.  592,  2  a.  A.  reticulata, 
ib.  (ill.).  A.  cherimolia,  2  c.  A.  muricata,  ib. 
A.  squamosa,  ib.  A.  palustris,  ib .,  and  XVI. 
704,  1  c. 

A  non  causa ,  pro  causa ,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  a. 

Anonymous  club ,  XY.  377,  2  c. 

Anoplothe' rium ,  fossil  animal,  footprints  of, 
VII.  341,  1  c. 

Anorex'ia ,  XII.  569,  2  ab  (Obstetrics). 

Ano'soff,  General ,  on  the  manufacture  of  steel : 
see  Damascus  Blades. 

Anou’ra ,  an  order  of  amphibia,  I.  435,  2  c. 

Ano'iis  stol'idus  (ornithology),  XII.  472,  2  b 
(ill.). 

“  An  over,”  in  the  game  of  cricket,  Y.  482,  2  b. 

Anquetil,  Louis  Pierre  [angk-teel],  historian,  I. 
536. 

Anquetil-Dupereon,  Abraham  Ilyacinthe 
[-dii-pair-rongJ,  orientalist,  I.  536. 

Ansalo'ni,  Giordano,  Dominican  missionary, 
I.  537. 

Ansa' rians :  see  Ansaries. 

An'saries,  or  Ansarians,  Arab  tribe  or  sect, 
I.  537. 

Ansca'rius,  or  Ansgar  (Fr.  Anschaire),  Saint, 
“  apostle  of  the  north,”  I.  537. 

Ans'dell,  Richard,  painter,  I.  537. 

An'selm,  Saint,  a  doctor  of  the  Latin  church, 
I.  538 ;  XIII.  432,  1  c,  439,  2  b. 

Anser  (ornithology),  species  of,  VIII.  105.  A. 
Gambelii  (ill.),  2  c. 

Ansera'nas  (ornithology),  VIII.  104,  2  c. 

Anser  if era  (zoology),  II.  319,  2  a. 

Ans'gar :  see  Anscaeius. 

An'son,  county,  I.  538. 

Anson,  George,  lord,  admiral  and  navigator, 
I.  538. 

Anson,  George,  general,  I.  538. 

Anso'nia,  village,  I.  538. 

Anspacii  [ans'-pakh],  town  of  Bavaria,  I.  538. 

Anspacii,  Elizabeth,  margravine  of,  I.  539. 

Anspach-Baireuth  [-bi'-roit],  principality  of, 
I.  539,  1  a.  Last  margrave  of,  ib.  Its  ces¬ 
sion  to  Prussia,  ib.,  and  VIII.  452,  1  c. 

An'sted,  David  Thomas,  physicist,  I.  539. 

An'ster,  John,  poet,  I.  539. 


Anstey,  Christopher  [an'-ste],  poet,  I.  539. 
Anstey,  Thomas  Chisholm,  author,  I.  539. 
Ant,  I.  540  (ill.).  Three  classes  in  communi¬ 
ties,  1  ab.  Mining  ants,  541,  1  ab.  Masons, 
1  b.  Carpentering  ants,  ib.  Food  of  ants, 

1  c.  Agricultural  ant,  2  a.  Fire  ants,  2  b. 
Slaveholding  ants,  ib.  Migrations,  2  be. 
Muscular  activity,  IX.  313,  2  a.  Driver  ants, 
X.  398,  1  ab.  Foraging  ants,  XII.  423,  2  c. 

Ant,  white ,  XII.  258,  2  b.  See  Termites. 
Antacids  (chemistry),  I.  542. 

An't^e,  ancient  people,  I.  542. 

Antes,  or  pilasters,  in  the  Doric  order  of  archi¬ 
tecture,  I.  657,  1  b. 

Ant^e'us,  mythical,  I.  542. 

Antakieh  [an-ta-ke'-eh],  city,  I.  567,  2  a. 
Antal'cidas,  a  Spartan,  I.  542.  Peace  of,  1  c ; 

VIII.  196,  1  c;  XY.  232,  2  b. 

Antananarivo :  see  Tananariyo. 

An'tar,  or  An'tarah,  Arabian  prince  and  poet, 
I.  542. 

Antar'adus :  see  Aeadus. 

An'tarah :  see  Antar. 

Antarctic  current  (ocean),  II.  73,  1  b. 
Antarctic  Discovery,  I.  542.  Map  of,  543. 
Antarctic  Ocean,  and  Antarctic  Circle :  see 
Polar  Seas,  and  Polar  Circles. 

Ant  bear :  see  Ant-eater. 

Ant-eater,  I.  543  (ill.).  Two-toed  ant-eater, 
544,  2  a.  Scaly :  see  Pangolin. 

Antefxce,  in  the  Doric  order  of  architecture, 
I.  657,  1  b. 

An'telope,  I.  544.  Structure  of,  2  b.  Vari¬ 
eties  of  (ills.),  545-’ 6.  Alpine  or  mountain 
antelope,  IY.  244,  1  c  (ill.). 

Anten'njs  (of  insects  and  Crustacea),  I.  546. 
Antennal  language  (of  insects),  I.  546,  2  c. 
Ante'nor,  Trojan  prince,  I.  546. 

Antequera  [an-ta-ka'-ra],  Spanish  city,  I.  547. 
Antero-posterior  fissure  (of  the  liver),  X.  536, 

2  c. 

Anthe'a  ce'reus  (zoology),  I.  75,  2  ab. 
Anthe'lia,  VIII.  405,  2  c  (Halo). 
Antiielmin'tics  :  see  Entozoa,  VI.  670,  2  b. 
An’tliemis  nob'ilis  (botany),  IY.  245,  1  a.  A. 

cotula,  1  b,  and  XI.  305,  1  c. 

Anthe'mius,  emperor,  I.  547.  Architect,  1  b. 
An'tiier  (of  flowers),  I.  547.  See  Plant,  XIII. 
585,  1  c,  and  586,  2  c. 

Antherid'ium  (botany),  I.  300,  1  ab;  VII.  151, 
1  ab ;  X.  542,  1  be ;  XI.  864,  1  c  (ill.). 

An' therozoids  (botany),  I.  300,  1  b ;  VII.  151, 
1  ab ;  X.  542,  1  c;  XI.  864,  2  a  (ill.). 
Antheste'ria ,  festival,  II.  192,  2  a. 


ANTIIIAS 


ANTINOMIANS 


37 


An'thias  (ichthyology),  XIII.  284,  1  ab. 

Ant  hill ,  I.  541,  1  b  (ill.,  540). 

Anthodes  [an-tho'-deez],  fossil  fish,  VII.  G15, 
1  c. 

AnthoVogy  club ,  alluded  to,  III.  389,  2  c. 

Anthomy'ia  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  be.  A. 
ceparum,  VII.  295,  2  c  (ill.) ;  XII.  631,  1  c. 
A.  brassicoa,  VII.  295,  2  c.  A.  lactucarum, 
ib.  A.  scalaris,  296,  1  a;  VI.  697,  2  a.  A. 
canicularis,  VII.  296,  1  a.  A.  rapbani,  ib. ; 
XIV.  165,  1  b. 

An'thon,  Charles,  LL.  D.,  classical  scholar,  I. 
547.  His  testimony  respecting  the  “  Book 
of  Mormon,”  XI.  833,  2  c. 

An'thony,  Henry  B.,  journalist  and  senator, 
I.  548. 

Anthony,  Saint,  ascetic,  1. 548.  Catacombs  of, 
IX.  830,  1  b.  St.  Anthony’s  fire,  I.  548, 1  b  : 
see  Erysipelas. — Anthony  of  Padua,  1  b. 

Anthony,  Susan  Brownell,  reformer,  I.  548. 

Anthony's  JVose,  on  the  Hudson  river,  IX.  30, 

1  a. 

Anthoph'ila ,  bees,  II.  451,  1  a. 

AnthophyVl-ite ,  mineral,  I.  803,  1  b. 

Ajithoxan'thum  odora'tum  (botany),  VIII.  167, 

2  a  (ills.,  166,  2  b,  167,  1  a). 

Anthozo'a :  see  Zoophytes. 

An'thracene  (chemistry),  I.  548. 

An'theacite,  I.  548.  (Map  of  the  anthracite 

region  of  Pennsylvania,  and  its  connections 
with  the  principal  markets.)  Analyses  of 
anthracite  (table),  549.  Anthracite  coal 
measures  (ill.),  550,  1.  Group  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  anthracite  basins  (ill.),  551,  1.  Penn¬ 
sylvania  anthracite  fields  (table),  2  c.  Dis¬ 
covery  and  development  of,  2  c,  if.  Table 
of  production,  554.  Virginia  anthracite 
field,  555,  2  c.  Anthracite  fields  of  Prance, 
556,  2  b.  Origin  of  anthracite  coal,  557, 
la;  of  faults  and  irregularities,  2  a.  Use 
of  it  as  fuel,  558,  1  a.  See  Coal. 

Anthrax ,  malignant ,  cattle  pest,  XII.  57,  1 
be;  60,  1  be. 

Anthre'nus  (entomology),  II.  476,  2  c  ;  VI.  32, 
1  c  (ills.)  and  2  a  (A.  musseorum). 

An'  thropoid  apes ,  I.  168,  1  c. 

Antheopol'ogy  :  see  Anatomy,  Archaeology, 
Comparative  Anatomy,  Ethnology,  Moral 
Philosophy,  Philosophy,  and  Physiology. 

Anthropomorphism ,  one  tendency  of  mona- 
chism,  XI.  729,  1  c. 

ANTHROPOMORPniTEs,  sect,  I.  559. 

Anthus  (ornithology),  XV.  773,  2  c.  A.  Ludo- 
vicianus,  774,  1  ab  (ill.). 


An'tiar :  see  Upas  Tree. 

Antia'ris  toxica' ria  (botany),  XVI.  216,  2  c 
(ill.,  217).  A.  saccidora,  217,  2  a. 

Antibes  [anF-teeb],  seaport  town,  I.  559. 

Antica'ria :  see  Antequera. 

Antichitd  di  Ercolano  [an-te-ke-ta'  de  air-ko- 
la'-no],  I.  50,  2  b. 

An'tichlor  (chemistry),  I.  559;  IX.  137,  2  b; 
XIII.  46,  2  c;  XV.  152,  1  ab,  and  455,  2  b. 

Antichrist,  I.  559.  In  the  Bible,  1  c;  in  the¬ 
ology,  2  a;  in  rabbinical  writings  and  Mo¬ 
hammedan  traditions,  2  c. 

Anticli'nal  axis ,  XII.  9,  2  a  (Mountain). 

Anticonstitu' tionalists ,  IX.  528, 1  b  (Jansenius). 

Anticos'ti,  island,  I.  559. 

Anticrepus'  cular  curve ,  XVI.  86, 2  c  (Twilight). 

Anticyra  [an-tis'-e-ra],  city  of  Thessaly,  I.  560. 
City  of  Phocis,  1  a. 

Antidor'cas  eucho're  (zoology),  XV.  288,  1  ab 

(ill.). 

An'tidotes,  I.  560.  See  Poison,  XIII.  640, 1  a. 

Antietam,  Battle  of  [an-te'-tam],  I.  560.  Issue 
of  the  president’s  proclamation  conditionally 
abolishing  slavery,  562,  2  a. 

Antigone  [an-tig'-o-ne],  in  Greek  legend,  I. 
562.  See  (Edipus. 

Antigone' a,  a  name  of  Mantinea,  XI.  128,  2  a. 

Antig'onus,  Macedonian  general,  and  king  of 
Asia,  I.  562.  Antigonus  Gonatas,  king  of 
Macedonia,  563,  1  b.  Antigonus  Doson, 
king  of  Macedonia,  1  c. 

Antigua  [an-te'-gwa],  island,  I.  563. 

Anti-Lebanon :  see  Anti-Libanus. 

Antilegom'  ena,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  canon  of 
the  Old  Testament,  I.  585,  2  a. 

Anti-Lib'anus,  or  Anti-Lebanon,  mountain 
ridge,  I.  563. 

Antil'les  [Fr.  ang-teey’],  islands,  I.  564. 

Antilope  [an-til'-o-pe],  (zoology) :  see  Ante¬ 
lope.  A.  rupicapra,  IV.  244,  1  c  (ill.). 

Anti-ma'sonry,  a  political  movement,  I.  564. 

Antimission  Baptists ,  II.  293,  2  a. 

Antimonial  powder  ( pulvis  antimonialis ),  I. 
565,  la;  IX.  520,  2  a. 

Antimo'nium  fern, ini' num,  an  old  name  of  bis¬ 
muth,  II.  666,  2  c. 

An'timony,  a  metal,  I.  564.  Crude,  565,  1  be. 
Alloys  of,  2  a.  Tartar  emetic,  2  b ;  as  a 
medicine,  2  c. 

Anti-Nicene  council ,  I.  700,  1  b  (Arianism). 

Antinoe  [an-tin'-o-e],  ancient  city,  I.  566,  2  b. 

Antinomianism :  see  Antinomians. 

Antino'mians,  I.  566.  In  the  apostolic  church, 
1  a.  In  the  reformed  churches,  1  b.  In  Eng- 


38 


ANTINOMISTIC 


ANTOMMAECHI 


land,  1  c.  In  America,  2  a.  See  Hutchin¬ 
son,  Anne. 

Antinomistic  controversy ,  X.  733,  1  b. 
Antinoopolis  [an-tin-o-op'-o-lis],  ancient  city, 

I.  566,  2  b. 

Antinous  [an-tin'-o-us],  favorite  of  the  emperor 
Hadrian,  I.  566.  Temple  of,  XIII.  798,  2  be. 
Antioch  [an'-te-ok],  city  of  Syria,  I.  566  (ill.). 
Antioch ,  aqueduct  of,  I.  612,  2  c;  ruins  of, 
613,  1  a  (ill.). 

Antioch  College,  I.  567. 

Antiochi'a ,  in  Syria :  see  Antioch.  In  Meso¬ 
potamia:  see  Edessa. 

Antiochus  [an-ti'-o-kus],  name  of  Syrian  kings. 
Antiochus  I.,  Soter,  I.  568.  Antiochus  III., 
the  Great,  1  c.  Antiochus  IV.,  Epiplianes, 
569,  la:  see  Hebrews,  YIII.  591,  2  c.  An¬ 
tiochus  V.,  Y.  791,  2  a. 

Antioquia  [an-te-o-ke'-a],  state,  I.  569. 
Antip'aros,  island,  I.  569.  Grotto  of,  1  a. 
An'tipas,  Herod :  see  Herod. 

Antip'ater,  general,  I.  569. 

Antiperiod' ics  (medicine),  YII.  165,  1  b. 
An'tiphon,  Greek  orator,  I.  570. 

Antiph'onal  singing ,  I.  570,  1  b. 

Antiphonary ,  in  the  church  service,  XI.  635,  2  c. 
Antiphony,  in  chanting,  I.  570.  See  Chant, 
IY.  265,  1  a. 

Antip'olis :  see  Antibes. 

Antipyretics  (medicine),  YII.  164,  1  b. 
Antigua' ria:  see  Antequera. 

Antiquities ,  American :  see  American  Anti¬ 
quities  (Index). 

Antiquities  of  the  old  world.  See  Agrigen- 
tum  ;  Alhambra  ;  Amphitheatre  ;  Appian 
Way;  Aqueduct;  Architecture,  I.  654,  1 
a,  and  660,  2  c;  Arundel;  Assyria,  II.  36, 
1  c ;  Athens,  II.  59-64 ;  Avebury  ;  Axum  ; 
Baalbek  ;  Babylon  ;  Bade  ;  Balaklava, 

II.  231,  2  c;  Bamian;  Barrow  (mound); 
Bashan  ;  Bath,  II.  382,  1  c,  ff. ;  Bath,  Eng¬ 
land  ;  Behistun  ;  Bejapoor  ;  Beneyento  ; 
Bethel,  Palestine ;  Bethlehem,  Palestine  ; 
Bolsena;  Brambanan;  Bubastis;  Burial; 
BozRAn ;  Caerleon  ;  CAnoRS ;  Cairo  ;  Ca¬ 
pua  ;  Carnac  ;  Carthage,  IV.  37,  2  a  (aque¬ 
duct  of,  I.  611,  2  b);  Cashel;  Catacombs; 
Cesar^ea  ;  Cesnola  ;  Chester,  England ; 
China  (wall  of),  IY.  457,  2  b  (ill.,  458)  ;  Clo¬ 
acae  ;  Colosseum  ;  Cromlech  ;  Cuneiform 
Inscriptions  ;  Cyrene  ;  Denderah  ;  Edes¬ 
sa  ;  Edfoo  ;  Elephanta  ;  Elephantine; 
Ellora  ;  Ephesus  ;  Esne  ;  Ethiopia,  YI. 
750,  2  a;  Etruria  ;  Frejus  ;  Gerasa  ;  Glass, 


YIII.  7,  8 ;  Halicarnassus  ;  IIamah  ;  He¬ 
liopolis  ;  Herculaneum  (see  Pompeii)  ;  IIim- 
yarites,  YIII.  735,  2  a ;  Inkerman  ;  Iona  ; 
Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  a;  Java,  IX.  576,  1  a; 
Jerusalem  ;  Karnak  (see  Thebes)  ;  Kash¬ 
gar  ;  Lambessa  ;  Lillebonne  ;  Luxor  (see 
Thebes)  ;  Lycia,  X.  742,  2  a ;  Memphis,  XI. 
381,1  c;  Mentz;  Merida;  Meroe,  XI.  411, 
2  a ;  Moab  ;  Mycenae  ;  Himes  ;  Pantheon  ; 
Pollanarrua  ;  Palmyra  ;  Persepolis  ; 
Philadelphia,  Lydia  and  Palestine;  Pom¬ 
peii;  Pyramid;  Pome,  XIY.  412,  413;  Eo- 
setta  Stone  (Index) ;  Saguntum  ;  Saloni- 
ca  ;  Selinus  ;  Serapis  ;  Sidon  (see  Saida)  ; 
Stonehenge;  Syracuse,  XY.  541,  2  c; 
Thebes  ;  Treves  ;  Tripoli,  XYI.  872,  1  c, 
and  873,  2  be  ;  Troy,  XYI.  10,  2  be  ;  Tyre; 
Yerona,  XYI.  323,  1  ab;  Vienne  (France) ; 
Wroxeter. 

Anti- Remonstrants,  Calvinist  party  in  the 
church  of  Holland :  see  Netherlands,  XII. 
248,  1  b. 

Anti-Bent'ism,  resistance  to  the  collection  of 
manorial  rents,  I.  570. 

Antisana  [an-te-sa'-na],  volcanic  mountain,  I. 

571. 

Anti-Scorbu'tics  :  see  Scurvy. 

Antisep'tics,  for  preventing  or  correcting  pu¬ 
trefaction,  I.  571. 

Anti-Slavery  :  see  Slavery.  Anti-slavery 
society,  Hew  England,  the  first  in  America, 
YII.  629,  2  b.  American  anti-slavery  so¬ 
ciety  (Philadelphia)  organized,  2  c ;  agita¬ 
tion  intensified,  ib. 

Antispasmod'ics  (medicine),  I.  571. 
Antisthenes  [an-tis'-the-neez],  philosopher,  I. 

572. 

Antistrophe  [an-tis'-tro-fe],  part  of  the  Greek 
chorus,  IY.  518,  1  c. 

Antitau'rus  :  see  Taurus. 

Anti-trades :  see  Wind,  XYI.  658,  1  c. 
Antitransportation  league ,  II.  134,  1  b  (Aus¬ 
tralia). 

Antitrinita'rians  :  see  Unitarianism. 

Antium  [an'-she-um],  ancient  city,  I.  572. 
Antlers  of  the  deer ,  I.  183,  1  c;  Y.  756,  2  b. 

Of  the  stag,  I.  183,  2  a;  XY.  301,  2  c. 

Ant  Lion,  or  Lion  Ant,  I.  573  (ill.).  Muscular 
activity  of,  IX.  313,  2  a. 

Antoine  de  Bourbon  [a"r-twan  duh  boor-bong], 
duke  of  Vendome  and  king  of  Navarre,  I. 

573. 

Antommarchi,  Carlo  Francesco  [an-tom-mar'- 
ke],  physician  to  Napoleon,  I.  573. 


ANTONELLI 


APHRODITE 


39 


Antonel'li,  Giacomo,  cardinal  and  statesman, 
I.  574.  (Died  1876.) 

Antonello  da  Messina,  painter,  I.  574. 
Antoninia'na ,  an  ancient  name  of  Beyrout,  II. 
602,  2  c. 

Antoni'nus,  Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  emperor, 
I.  574.  Name  assumed  by  Elagabalus,  VI. 
485,  1  a. 

Antoninus ,  itinerary  of  referred  to,  VI.  209, 
2  a. 

Antoninus  Pius,  Titus  Aurelius  Eulvius,  Ro¬ 
man  emperor,  I.  575. 

Anto'nio,  Nicolas,  Spanish  bibliographer,  I. 
575. 

Antonio  de  Silva ,  pseudonyme  of  Geronimo 
Bermudez,  II.  569,  1  c. 

Antonius ,  C.,  consul  with  Cicero,  IV.  120,  2  b ; 
121,  1  b. 

Antonius,  Marcus,  Roman  orator,  I.  575. 
An'tony,  Mark,  Roman  triumvir,  I.  576.  His 
relations  with  Cleopatra,  IV.  668, 1  c  ;  with 
the  triumvirate,  X.  360,  2  c. 

Anto’zone  (chemistry),  VII.  292,  1  c ;  XII. 

777,  1  a. 

Anto'zonite ,  mineral,  VII.  292,  1  c. 
Antraigues,  Emmanuel  Louis  Henri  de  Lau- 
nay,  count  d’  [dang-traig],  French  adventurer, 

I.  576. 

Antrain  [ang-trang],  battle  of,  X.  175,  1  ab. 
An'teim,  county,  Ireland,  I.  577.  Town,  1  b. 
Antrim,  county,  Michigan,  I.  577. 
Antros'tomus  Carolinen' sis  (ornithology),  VIII. 
58,  1  c  (ill.).  A.  vociferus,  XVI.  596,  2  b. 
A.  Nuttalli,  ib.  (ill.). 

Antrum  Highmorianum  (anatomy),  VIII.  723, 
1  ab. 

Antuco  [an-too'-ko],  volcano,  I.  479,  1  b. 
An'twerp,  province,  I.  577.  Capital  city,  2  a. 
Cathedral,  2  c  (ill.,  578).  History,  578,  1  c. 
Bombardment  of,  II.  491,  2  b ;  siege  of,  492, 
1  c. 

Antwerp  polyglot ,  XIII.  687,  2  b  (Polyglot)  : 

II.  611,  1  a  (Bible). 

Anu  [a-noo'J,  Egyptian  god,  XII.  117,  1  c. 
Anu'bis,  Egyptian  deity,  I.  578  (ill.) ;  V.  613, 1  a. 
Anukramanis  (Hindoo  literature),  IX.  223,  1  a. 
Anvers  [ang-vair] :  see  Antwerp. 

An'vil,  smith’s,  I.  579. 

Anville,  Jean  Baptiste  Bourguignon  d’  [dang- 
veel],  geographer,  I.  579. 

Anx'a,  an  ancient  name  of  Gallipoli  in  Italy, 
VII.  581,  1  b. 

Anx'ur,  an  ancient  name  of  Terracina,  XV. 
660,  2  c. 


Anzooan  [an-zoo-an'j :  see  Johanna  Island. 
A'odon  (zoology),  XVI.  581,  2  c. 

A! onyx  (zoology),  XII.  736,  2  a.  A.  inunguis, 
ib. 

Aor'ta,  artery,  I.  579 ;  VIII.  557,  1  c. 

Aortic  valves ,  VIII.  558,  2  a.  Aortic  lesions, 
564,  1  c. 

Aosta  [ows'-ta],  town,  I.  579. 

Aosta ,  duke  of:  see  Amadeus  I.  of  Spain. 
Aotes  [a-o'-teez],  (zoology),  XI.  751,  2  ab. 
Aoudad  [ow-dad'j,  (zoology),  XIV.  837,  1  ab. 
Ap ,  Welsh  adjunct,  meaning  of,  XII.  128, 1  a. 
ApaciTes,  Indian  tribes,  I.  579;  709,  2  b; 
710,  1  c.  Apaches  de  Navajoa  [da  na-va- 
khd'-a],  XII.  178,  1  a  (Navajos). 

Apat'ela ,  moths,  XI.  869,  2  c. 

Ap'atite :  see  Iron  Ores,  IX.  406,  1  c.  Crys¬ 
tallized  apatite,  X.  479,  1  a. 

Apatu'ra  (entomology),  III.  499,  2  c.  A.  iris, 
500,  1  a. 

Ape,  I.  580.  Points  of  structural  dissimilarity 
from  man,  2  b ;  points  of  resemblance  in 
their  habits,  581,  1  b. 

Apeldoorn  [a'-pel-doarn],  town,  I.  581. 
Apel'les,  painter,  I.  581.  Brilliant  coloring 
of,  how  obtained,  XII.  795,  1  b. 

Apelt,  Ernst  Friedrich  [a'-pelt],  metaphysi¬ 
cian,  I.  581. 

Apennines,  I.  581.  Ligurian,  2  c;  Tuscan, 

582,  1  b ;  Roman,  or  Central,  1  c ;  Neapoli¬ 
tan,  2  a  ;  Calabrian,  2  ab.  Sub-Apennines,  2 
b  ;  Tuscan,  2  c  ;  Roman,  ib. ;  Neapolitan,  ib. 

Apenrade  [a'-pen-ra-deh],  seaport  town,  I. 

583. 

Ape's  hill :  see  Gibraltar,  VII.  800,  2  c. 
A’pex,  Roman  priest’s  hat,  VII.  256,  1  b ; 
VIII.  509,  2  be. 

Aphanap'teryx  imperia'lis  (ornithology),  XI. 
292,  1  b. 

Apha'sia ,  loss  of  speech,  III.  203,  2  b ;  am¬ 
nesic  and  ataxic,  2  c ;  distinguished  from 
aphonia,  2  be,  and  XVI.  399,  1  a. 

A 'phis  (entomology),  I.  583. 

Apkobus ,  guardian  of  Demosthenes,  II.  797, 
2  a. 

Apho'nia ,  loss  of  voice,  XVI.  399,  1  a;  III. 
203,  2  c. 

Apliri'za  virga'ta  (ornithology) :  see  Surf 
Bird. 

Aphrodis'ia ,  festivals,  XVI.  303,  1  a. 
Apkrodita  (zoology),  XII.  229,  2  c.  A.  acu- 
leata,  2  c  (ill.). 

Aphrodi'te  :  see  Venus,  XVI.  302,  2  b.  Wor¬ 
ship  of,  whence  derived,  XIII.  453,  1  c. 


40 


APHRODITE 


APOTIIECIA 


Aphrodite ,  a  throw  of  dice,  YI.  86,  2  b. 
Aph'thce ,  on  the  mucous  membrane,  YI.  688, 1  b. 
Aphthalose :  see  Potassium,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 
Aphthous  fever,  XII.  57,  1  be;  58,  1  c. 

Apia' rice,  bees,  II.  451,  1  a. 

Apician  and  anti-Apician ,  factions  in  cook¬ 
ery,  I.  584,  1  b. 

Apicius  [a-pish'-us],  name  of  three  noted  Ro¬ 
man  epicures,  I.  584. 

A'pis,  bull  worshipped  by  the  Egyptians,  I. 

584.  See  XII.  116,  2  c;  720,  1  a. 

Apis  (entomology) :  see  Bee. 

A'pium  grave' olens  (botany),  IY.  169,  2  c  (ill., 
170). 

Aplanat'ic  Lens,  I.  584. 

Aplo'cerus  monta'nus  (zoology),  YIII.  57,  2  b 

(ill.). 

Aplodon'tia  lepori'na  (zoology),  XIY.  794,  2 
b  (ill.). 

Aplys'ia,  mollusk,  XI.  723,  1  a.  Nervous  sys¬ 
tem  of,  XII.  234,  1  be. 

Apneus'ta :  see  Mollusca,  XI.  722,  2  c. 
Apnoc'a:  see  Spinal  Diseases,  XV.  269,  1  b. 
Apoc'alypse,  or  Revelation  of  St.  John,  I.  584. 
Apocrisia' Hus :  see  Vigilius. 

Apoc'rypha,  I.  585.  Controversy  respecting 
the  circulation  of  it  by  the  Bible  societies, 
II.  617,  2  a. 

Ap’oda ,  an  order  of  amphibia,  I.  436,  1  a. 
Apodyte’rium ,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  382,  2  b ; 
383,  1  a  (ill.). 

Apolda  [a-pole'-da],  town,  I.  586. 
Apollina'rians,  sect,  I.  586. 

Apollina' ris,  bishop  of  Laodicea:  see  Apolli- 
narians.  His  father’s  versification  of  the 
Pentateuch  and  of  the  history  of  Israel,  and 
his  own  paraphrase  of  the  Gospels  in  the 
manner  of  Plato’s  dialogues,  XI.  626,  1  b. 
Apollinop' oils  Magna :  see  Edfoo. 

Apol'lo,  Grecian  god,  I.  586.  Sacred  fish, 
favorite  of  Apollo:  see  Dolphin,  VI.  191, 
2  c,  and  Delphi,  Y.  784,  1  c. 

Apollo  Belvedere  [bel-va-da'-ra],  statue,  I. 

586.  Discovery  of,  573,  1  b. 

Apollo  club ,  London,  IX.  682,  1  ab. 

Apollo  Delphinius ,  Y.  784,  2  a. 

Apollodo'rus  of  Ciiarys'tus,  comic  poet,  I. 

586. 

Apollo'nia,  ancient  city,  I.  586. 

Apollon' icon :  see  Organ,  XII.  691,  1  b. 
Apollonius ,  general  of  Antiochus  Epiphanes, 
YIII.  592,  1  a. 

Apollo'nius  Perg^e'us,  ancient  geometer,  I. 

587. 


Apollonius  Rhodius,  poet,  author  of  the  Ar- 
gonautics,  I.  587. 

Apollonius  Tyan^e'us,  philosopher,  I.  587. 
Apollo  Patro'us ,  temple  of  (site),  II.  59,  2  c. 
Apol'los,  converted  Jew,  I.  587. 

Apoll'yon,  I.  587.  In  the  Apocalypse,  2  c. 

In  Bunyan’s  “  Pilgrim’s  Progress,”  588,  1  a. 
Apologia  Confessionis  (Melanchthon's),  II.  108, 
1  c,  2  c. 

Apologists,  early  writers  in  defence  of  Chris¬ 
tianity  against  its  pagan  adversaries:  see 
Christianity,  IY.  537, 1  be  ;  Athenagoras, 
II.  54,  1  be;  Augustine,  II.  113, 1  ab;  Jus¬ 
tin  Martyr,  IX.  728,  2  ab,  ff. ;  Origen,  XII. 
692,  2  a,  693,  1  a;  Tatian,  XY.  583,  1  a; 
Tertullian,  XY.  663,  2  a.  See  also  Wat¬ 
son,  Richard,  XYI.  513,  1  a. 

Apomorphia :  see  Emetics.  » 

Aponeuro' ses :  see  Muscle,  XII.  67,  1  b. 
Ap'opliis  (snake  giant),  in  the  Egyptian  religion, 
V.  794,  1  b. 

Apophyge  [a-pof'-e-je] :  see  Architecture,  I. 
657,  1  c. 

Apoph' ylite :  see  Lime,  X.  479,  2  a. 

Apoph' yses,  in  bone,  III.  60,  1  c. 

Ap'oplexy:  see  Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  III. 
196,  2  c.  Apoplexy  from  hemorrhage,  199, 

1  be ;  treatment  of,  2  b ;  fallacious  premoni¬ 
tory  symptoms  of,  2  be.  Heat  apoplexy : 
see  Sunstroke.  Splenic  (of  horse  and  ox), 
XII.  60,  2  c. 

Apo’so  (zoology),  X.  641,  2  b  (Lori). 

Apostle  of  the  English,  II.  Ill,  2  b ;  of  the 
Erisians,  XYI.  620,  1  b ;  of  Germany,  III. 
66,  2  c ;  of  Greenland,  YI.  449,  2  b;  of  the 
Indians,  YI.  527,  2  b;  of  the  Indies,  XYI. 
754,  2  c ;  of  the  north,  I.  537,  2  b ;  of  Switz¬ 
erland,  VII.  569,  2  c. 

Apostles,  of  Jesus  Christ,  I.  588. 

Apostles’  Creed,  I.  588. 

Apostles  of  the  Slavs,  Y.  619,  2  c. 

Apostol'ical  Canons,  III.  717,  2  b ;  Constitu¬ 
tions,  2  c. 

Apostolical  junta:  see  Spain,  XY.  214,  1  c. 
Apostolical  succession,  in  the  church  of  Eng¬ 
land,  YI.  628,  2  be ;  in  the  Protestant  Epis¬ 
copal  church,  691,  2  b;  in  the  Lutheran 
church,  X.  734,  1  c. 

Apostolicam ,  papal  bull,  referred  to,  IY.  663, 

2  b. 

Apostol'ici,  name  of  three  sects,  I.  588. 
Apothecaries ’  weight,  I.  589,  1  b ;  XYI.  544,  2  c. 
Apoth'ecary,  I.  589. 

Apothe'cia  (botany),  X.  409,  1  b. 


APOTHEME 


APTERYX 


41 


Ap'otheme  of  aloes ,  I.  34V,  1  a. 

Apoxyom! enos,  ancient  statue,  X.  V62,  2  b. 
Appalacii'ee  Bay,  I.  589. 

Appalacuiees,  Indian  tribe,  I.  589. 
Appalachian  Mountains,  I.  589.  Extent, 
2  ab ;  characteristic  features,  2  b ;  general 
course,  590,  1  a  ;  law  of  inclination  of  slope, 
1  c ;  parallel  ridges,  2  b ;  peculiarities  of 
structure,  2  be  ;  origin  of  the  strata,  591, 
1  be ;  “  faults,”  2  b ;  thermal  springs,  592, 
1  a ;  geological  formations,  ib. ;  artesian  wells 
(salt  water),  2  b ;  vegetation,  2  c. 
Appalachico'la,  river,  I.  593.  Town,  1  b. 
Appanoose',  county,  I.  593. 

Apparat'us,  in  physiology,  I.  593. 

Apparent  time ,  Y.  722,  1  c. 

Apparition,  spectral  illusion,  I.  593. 

Appeal',  in  law,  I.  594.  Appellate  court  at 
common  law,  1  ab ;  procedure  in  federal 
courts,  1  b ;  grounds  for  appeal,  1  c ;  as  re¬ 
garded  in  the  appellate  court,  2  ab  ;  statutes 
respecting,  2c;  in  criminal  cases,  595,  1  a. 
Appellate  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States 
supreme  court,  1  b ;  of  the  circuit  courts, 
ib. ;  court  of  appeals  of  New  York,  1  c. 
Appellate  jurisdiction  in  England,  2  b ;  court 
for  crown  cases  reserved,  2  c.  French  sys¬ 
tem,  596, 1  b;  German,  2  a.  Ancient  Eng¬ 
lish  practice  in  case  of  felony,  2  b  ;  wager 
of  battle,  ib. 

Appeals ,  triers  of:  see  Methodism,  XI.  456, 

1  b. 

“  Appeal  to  the  God  of  battles ,”  origin  of  the 
expression,  IV.  248,  2  c. 

Appellants :  see  Jansenius,  IX.  528,  1  b. 
Appen' dices  epiplo'icce ,  Y.  90,  2  c  (Colon). 
Appenzell  [ap'-pen-tsel],  canton,  I.  597. 
Ap'perley,  Charles  James,  sporting  writer,  I. 
597. 

Appert,  Benjamin  Nicolas  Marie  [ap-pair], 
philanthropist,  I.  597. 

ApperVs  process  for  preserving  alimentary  sub¬ 
stances,  I.  222,  1  b. 

Ap'pelency ,  new  organs  produced  by,  X.  118, 

1  c. 

Ap'petite,  in  physiology,  I.  597. 

Ap'pian,  historian,  I.  598. 

Appiani,  Andrea  [ap-pya'-ne],  painter,  I.  598. 
Appiano,  name  of  an  Italian  family,  I.  598. 
Jacopo  I.,  1  c.  Gherardo,  ib.  Jacopo  III., 

2  a.  Jacopo  IY.,  ib. 

Appian  Way,  I.  598.  Reopening  of  the,  2  b; 
ill.,  599. 

Ap'pius  Clau'dius  :  see  Claudius. 


Apple,  I.  598.  History  of,  599,  1  b ;  general 
description  of,  1  c ;  cultivation  of,  2  c ;  for 
ornament,  600,  1  b  ;  as  food,  1  c  ;  use  of  the 
wood,  ib. ;  in  commerce,  2  a ;  insects  that 
infest  it,  2  c ;  varieties  of  apple,  601,  1  ab ; 
for  exportation,  1  be.  Black  scars,  how 
produced,  YII.  533,  1  a. 

Apple  essence,  flavoring  liquid,  XYI.  246,  2  c. 
Apples  of  Sodom,  I.  601 ;  XY.  155,  1  a. 
Appleton,  city,  I.  601. 

Appleton,  Daniel,  publisher,  I.  601. 

Appleton,  Jesse,  D.  D.,  president  of  Bowdoin 
college,  I.  601. 

Appleton,  Nathan,  merchant  and  political 
economist,  I.  601. 

Appleton,  Samuel,  merchant  and  philanthro¬ 
pist,  I.  602. 

Appling,  county,  I.  602. 

Appold,  J.  George,  inventor,  I.  602. 
Appomat'tox,  county,  I.  602. 

Appomattox  Court  House,  village,  I.  602. 
Lee’s  surrender  of  the  northern  army  of 
Virginia,  2  b. 

Appomattox  River,  I.  602. 

Apponyi  [op'-pon-ye],  Hungarian  family,  I. 
602.  Gyorgy  Antal,  count,  2  c.  Antal,  ib. 
Rudolf,  ib.  Gyorgy,  ib. 

Appraise'ment,  I.  603.  In  American  law,  1  b. 
Apprentice,  I.  603.  Origin  of  apprenticeship, 

1  be.  Apprenticeship  in  France,  1  c ;  in 
Germany,  Italy,  Great  Britain,  and  Ireland, 

2  a-c.  Institution  of  guilds  in  England,  2  b  ; 
restrictive  laws,  2  be.  Contract  of  appren¬ 
ticeship,  2  c  ;  at  common  law,  604, 1  a  ;  stat¬ 
ute  law,  1  ab.  Assignment  of  indenture,  605, 
1  ab ;  obligations  of  masters,  1  b ;  dissolu¬ 
tion  of  contract,  2  a. 

Approach,  military :  see  Siege,  XV.  29,  1  be. 
Appuleius:  see  Apuleius. 

Aprax'in,  Fedor,  Russian  grand  admiral,  I. 

605.  Stefan  Fedorovitch,  2  b. 

Ap'ricot,  I.  605 ;  ill.,  606.  Best  varieties,  1  c. 
Apries  [a'-pre-eez],  a  king  of  Egypt,  the 
Hophra  of  the  Bible,  I.  606. 

April,  month,  I.  606.  All  Fool’s  Day,  2  b. 

A  priori  conceptions,  in  Leibnitz’s  philosophy, 
X.  324,  2  b. 

Apsheron,  peninsula  of:  see  Baku,  II.  230, 1  c,  ff. 
Apsis  of  ancient  churches,  IY.  566,  2  b. 

Apsley,  Baron,  II.  390,  2  b. 

Aptenodytes  [ap-ten-o-di'-teez],  (ornithology), 
XIII.  248,  2  a.  A.  Pennantii,  2  c  (ill.). 
Ap'teral,  in  architecture,  I.  606. 

Ap'teryx  (ornithology),  I.  606.  A.  australis 


APTORNIS 


42 

(ill.),  607,  1  ab.  A.  Mantelli,  1  b.  A. 
Oweni,  ib. 

Aptornis  (ornithology),  YI.  116,  2  a. 

Apuleius,  or  Appuleius  [ap-pu-le'-yus],  Roman 
satirist,  I.  607. 

Apu'lia,  a  division  of  ancient  Italy,  I.  607. 

Apulia  Peucetia  (Terra  di  Bari),  II.  311,  2  a. 
Apulians ,  an  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  1  c. 

Apure  [a-poo'-ra],  river,  I.  608. 

Apurimac  [a-poo-re-mak'J,  river,  I.  608. 

Aqua  [a'-kwa],  alchemic  prefix,  I.  608. 

Aqua  calcis:  see  Lime,  X.  478,  1  a. 

Aqua  campho'ra :  see  Aqua. 

Aqua  cinnamo' mi :  see  Aqua. 

Aqua  Claudia ,  ruins  of,  I.  612,  1  c  (ill.). 

Aqua  Allob'rogum ,  I.  224,  2  a  (Aix-leb- 
Bains). 

Aqua  Borvo'nis ,  III.  157,  2  b  (Bourbonne- 
les-Bains). 

Aqua  Calen'tes ,  IY.  342,  2  c  (Chaudes-Aigues). 
Aqua  Domitiana ,  I.  224,  2  a  (Aix-les-Bains). 
Aqua  Flavia,  IY.  347,  2  a  (Chaves). 

Aqua  Gratiana ,  I.  224,  2  a  (Aix-les-Bains). 
Aqua  Nisineii  [ni-se-ne'-yi],  III.  157,  2  a  (Bour- 
bon-Lancy). 

Aqua  Panno'nia ,  II.  210,  2  c  (Baden). 

Aqua  Scxtia ,  I.  223,  2  ab  (Aix).  Battle  of, 
384,  2  b;  IY.  583,  1  a. 

Aqua  So'lis ,  II.  388,  1  a  (Bath). 

Aqua  Statiel'la ,  I.  72,  2  b  (Acqui). 

Aqua  fortis  (chemistry),  XII.  464,  2  be. 
Aquamarine  [ak-wa-ma-reen'j,  I.  608,  2  a;  II. 
588,  1  b  (bis). 

Aqua  regia  (chemistry),  YIII.  72,  1  ab;  IX. 
109,  2  b.  Origin  of  the  name  (alchemic), 
XII.  468,  1  b. 

Aqua'rians,  or  Eydroparastatse,  sect  of  ascet¬ 
ics,  I.  609. 

Aquarium,  or  Aquavivarium,  I.  609.  Scientific 
use  of,  1  a ;  office  of  plants  and  animals  in  it, 
1  b.  Fresh-water  aquarium,  1  c  (ill.).  Ma¬ 
rine  tank,  610,  1  a  (ills.).  Office  of  marine 
plants,  1  c;  of  animalcules,  2  a.  Treatment 
of  the  animals,  2  a.  Aquarium  in  Regent’s 
park,  2  c. 

Aquarius ,  constellation :  see  Ganymede. 
Aquatint  engraving ,  YI.  653,  1  be. 

Aqua  Tofana  [a'-kwa  to-fa'-na],  poison,  I.  608. 

Alluded  to,  III.  290,  2  a. 

Aqua  vita:  see  Aqua. 

Aquavivarium :  see  Aquarium. 

Aqueduct  [ak'-we-dukt],  I.  611.  Aqueduct 
of  Carthage,  2  b ;  ruins  of  (ill.),  ib.  Aqua 
Claudia,  612, 1  c;  ruins  of  (ill.),  ib.  Aque- 


ARABIC 

duct  of  Antioch,  2  c;  ruins  of  (ill.),  613. 
Aqueduct  of  Nirnes,  1  b  (ill.).  Croton  aque¬ 
duct,  613,  2  be  (ills.).  Cochituate  aqueduct, 
615,  1  b  (ill.).  Trajan’s,  XIY.  753,  1  c. 

A'queous  humor :  see  Eye,  YII.  46,  1  c. 

Aqueous  vapor ,  the:  see  Meteorology,  XI. 
440,  2  b;  ill.,  441. 

Aquid'neck ,  island,  XIY.  291,  2  a;  IY.  796, 2  b,  c. 

Aquila  [a'-kwe-la],  fortified  city,  I.  616. 

Aquila,  Kaspar,  reformer,  I.  616. 

Aquila  (ornithology),  YI.  347,  1  c.  A.  clirysa- 
etos,  ib.  (ill.).  A.  Canadensis,  2  c.  A.  m&. 
via,  348,  1  c. 

Aquila' ria  (botany),  species  of,  YI.  351,  1  ab. 
A.  agallochum,  ib .,  and  I.  347,  1  be. 

Aquileia  [a-kwe-la'-ya],  village  of  the  Austrian 
Coastland,  I.  616.  Patriarchate  of,  1  c. 

Aqui'nas,  Thomas,  I.  616;  XIII.  440,  1  b;  XI. 
811,  1  a.  On  the  eucharist,  X.  640,  1  ab. 
On  miracles,  XI.  625,  1  b.  Alleged  agree, 
ment  with  modern  evolutionists,  YII.  10,  1  c. 

Aquin'cum ,  supposed  site  of,  III.  392,  1  c. 

Aquisgra'num. ,  I.  224,  1  b  (Aix-la-Chapelle). 

Aquitaine  [a-ke-tain] :  see  Aquitania. 

Aquita'nia,  a  division  of  ancient  Gaul,  I.  616. 

Aquitania  Tertia :  see  Gascony. 

Mi?.,  abbreviation,  XII.  535,  2  b. 

A'ra  (ornithology),  species  of,  X.  770,  2  c.  A. 
ararauna,  771,  2  a  (ill.). 

Arabella  Stuart  (the  lady  Arabella) :  see 
Stuart,  Arabella. 

Arabesque  [ar'-a-besk],  I.  617  (ills.);  661,  2  c. 

Arabgheer :  see  Arabgir. 

Arabgir  [a-rab-gheer'J,  Arabgheer,  or  Arab- 
kir,  town  of  Asia  Minor,  I.  617. 

Ara'bia,  I.  617.  Boundaries,  2  a.  Ancient 
divisions,  2  b  ;  modern  do.,  ib.  Sinaitic  pen¬ 
insula,  ib. ;  Hedjaz,  ib. ;  Yemen,  2  c;  Ha- 
dramaut,  618, 1  ab;  Oman,  1  b;  El-Hasa  or 
Alisa,  1  c;  hot  springs,  ib. ;  Nedjed,  2  a; 
Slioiner,  2  b;  Esh-Shelir  or  Malira,  2  c;  El- 
Yamamali,  ib.  Diseases,  619,  1  ab.  Phys¬ 
ical  features,  1  b ;  geological  formation,  2  b  ; 
flora,  ib. ;  agriculture,  2  be ;  fauna,  2  c.  Com¬ 
merce,  620, 1  b.  Population,  1  be ;  religion, 
2  b.  Early  history,  2  b;  Nabathsean  Arabs 
or  Ishmaelites,  621,  2  a;  since  the  introduc¬ 
tion  of  Mohammedanism,  2  c.  See  Asia, 
and  Africa,  map  of,  I.  164-’5. 

Arabian  Nights ,  tales,  I.  624,  1  a. 

Arabia  Philadelphensis ,  XIII.  389,  1  a. 

Ar'abic  acid  (vegetable),  YIII.  320, 1  b. 

Arabic  article ,  definite,  I.  227,  2  ab. 

Arabic  numerals,  I.  622,  1  a ;  625,  1  c. 


ARABIC 


ARBITER 


43 


Arabic  Language  and  Literature,  I.  622. 
Extent  of  Arabic  literature,  G23,  1  c  (also 

626,  1  b).  Poetry,  2  b ;  prose,  2  c ;  theology 
and  law,  G24, 1  b ;  Mohammedan  sects,  1  be ; 
history,  2  b ;  biography,  625,  1  b ;  philos¬ 
ophy,  ib. ;  mathematics,  1  c  (see  Algebra, 
and  Mathematics,  XI.  277,  1  c) ;  medicine, 
2  ab ;  chemistry,  2  b ;  botany,  ib. ;  geogra¬ 
phy,  2  be ;  lost  works,  1  c.  First  patronized 
by  the  caliphs,  I.  343,  1  a. 

Arab'ioi,  or  Arabians,  Christian  sect,  I.  626. 

Arabine  [ar'-a-bin] :  see  Gum,  VIII.  321,  1  c. 

Arabkir  [a-rab-keer'] :  see  Arabgir. 

Arabs,  their  chemical  knowledge :  see  Chem¬ 
istry,  IV.  357,  2  b.  Their  knowledge  of 
mathematics :  see  Algebra,  and  Mathemat¬ 
ics,  XI.  277,  1  c.  Third  siege  of  Constanti¬ 
nople  by  them,  X.  350,  2  ab.  Their  mental 
characteristics,  XIV.  761,  1  b.  Arabs  of 
Tunis,  characteristics  of,  XVI.  31,  1  ab. 

Aracan',  or  Arracan,  province,  I.  626.  Town, 
2  b. 

Aracaris  (ornithology),  XV.  820,  1  c. 

Aracati  [a-ra-ka'-te],  port  of  Brazil,  I.  626. 
River,  2  be. 

Arachis  hypogcea  [ar'-a-kis  hi-po-je'-a],  (bot¬ 
any),  XIII.  210,  1  b  (ill.). 

ARAcnNE  [a-rak'-ne],  mythical,  I.  626. 

Arach'nida  (zoology),  I.  626.  Pulmonaria, 

627,  1  b.  Trachearia,  1  b  and  c,  2  a.  See 
Spider. 

Arachnides  [a-rak'-ne-deez],  (botany),  I.  218, 
2  b. 

Arachnids :  see  Arachnida. 

Arachnoid  (of  the  brain),  III.  188,  1  c  ;  I.  462, 
1  c. 

Arad  [or'-od],  town  of  Hungary,  I.  627. 

A'rad  (botany),  X.  266,  2  c. 

Ar'adus,  islet,  I.  627. 

Arafat',  or  Orphat,  Arabia,  I.  627.  Moham¬ 
medan  ceremonies  connected  with  it,  2  c. 

Arafura  sea  [a-ra-foo'-ra],  II.  129,  1  a. 

Arago,  Dominique  Francois  [a-ra-go],  physi¬ 
cist  and  statesman,  I.  628  ;  on  polarized  light, 
X.  448,  2  be ;  V.  96,  2  b.  Jean,  I.  628,  2  b. 
Jacques  Etienne  Victor,  2  c.  Etienne,  ib. 
Emmanuel,  629,  1  b ;  III.  53,  1  b. 

Ar'agon  [Sp.  a-ra-goan'],  kingdom  and  cap¬ 
taincy  general,  I.  629.  Independent  juris¬ 
diction  of,  extinguished :  see  Perez,  XIII. 
287,  2  c. 

Aragona  [a-ra-go'-na],  town  of  Sicily,  I.  630. 

Arag'onite :  see  Crystallography,  V.  540,  2  a. 

Araguato  [a-ra-gwa'-to],  (zoology),  XI.  750,  2  c. 


Araguay,  or  Araguaya  [a-ra-gwl',  -gwi'-ya], 
river,  I.  630. 

Araguaya :  see  Araguay. 

Araince  [a-ra-I'-ne],  (ornithology),  X.  770,  2  b. 
Ar a  Jovis :  see  Aranjuez. 

Araktcheyeff,  Alexei,  count  [a-rak-cha'-yef], 
I.  630.  Allusion  to,  283,  1  c,  2  a. 

A'ral,  Sea  of,  I.  631. 

Ara'lia  (botany),  VII.  816,  1  a.  A.  quinque- 
folia  (ill.),  ib.  A.  nudicaulis,  XIV.  635,  2  c. 
A.  papyrifera,  XIV.  311,  1  ab.  A.  racemosa, 
XV.  267,  2  b. 

A'ram,  a  region  of  Asia,  I.  631.  See  Mesopo¬ 
tamia,  and  Syria,  XV.  546,  1  c. 

Aram,  Eugene,  I.  631.  Hood’s  ballad,  “  The 
Dream  of  Eugene  Aram,”  and  Bulwer’s  ro¬ 
mance,  “  Eugene  Aram,”  632,  1  b. 

Arama'ic  language ,  I.  631,  2  a. 

Ara'mus  (ornithology),  V.  427,  2  c.  A.  gigan- 
teus,  ib.  A.  scolopaceus,  428,  1  b  (ill.). 
Aran'da,  Pedro  Pablo  Abarca  y  Bolea,  count 
of,  Spanish  statesman,  I.  632. 

Aranjuez  [a-ran-khwaith'J,  town  of  Spain,  I. 
632. 

Arany,  Janos  [or'-ony’],  Hungarian  poet,  I. 
632. 

Aranyaka ,  Hindoo  religious  work,  IX.  222, 
2  b  ;  227,  1  c. 

Arap'ahoe,  county,  I.  632. 

Arapahoes,  Indian  tribe,  I.  632. 

Arapiles  [a-ra-pe'-lace],  hero  of  the,  IV.  647, 
1  a. 

Arapon'ga ,  bird,  XVI.  109,  2  c. 

A'rar :  see  Saone. 

Ar'arat,  mountain  of  Asia,  I.  633  (ill.). 
Ararat,  or  Pilot  Mountain,  I.  633. 

Aras  [a-ras'] :  see  Araxes. 

Arateia  [ar-a-te'-ya],  festival  games,  I.  634, 

1  ab. 

Ara'tus,  Greek  poet,  I.  633.  Greek  general 
and  statesman,  1  c.  See  Achjean  League, 
62,  2  b. 

Araucana ,  La  [la  a-row-ku/-na],  Spanish  epic, 
VI.  705,  1  c. 

Arauca'nians,  Indian  nation,  I.  634. 

Arauco  [a-row'-ko],  province,  I.  635. 

Arau'sio :  see  Orange,  XII.  666,  1  c. 

Arax'es,  river,  I.  635. 

Arba'ces,  founder  of  the  Median  empire,  I.  635. 
Ar'balast,  or  Crossbow  :  see  Archery,  I.  649, 

1  b  (ill.). 

Arbe'la,  village,  I.  635.  Battle  of,  2  a;  276, 

2  be ;  IV.  142,  1  a. 

Arbiter  [ar'-be-ter],  Roman  umpire,  I.  635. 


44 


ARBITRATION 


ARCHER 


Arbitration,  I.  635.  How  different  from  a 
reference,  2  b.  General  rule  in  respect  to 
the  former,  2  c.  Who  are  competent  to  be 
parties  to  it,  636,  1  b.  State  statutes  re¬ 
specting  it,  2  ab.  Effect  of  a  submission  to 
arbitration,  and  of  its  award,  637,  1  ab. 
Power  of  arbitrators,  ib.  Statute  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  1  c.  In  England,  councils  of  con¬ 
ciliation  and  arbitration,  2  a.  In  France, 
courts  of  prudhommes ,  ib. — Arbitration  for 
settling  international  disputes,  X.  229,  1  b. 
In  the  case  of  the  Alabama  claims,  ib .,  and 
VIII.  160,  1  c ;  in  that  and  other  cases  un¬ 
der  the  treaty  of  Washington,  XYI.  187, 
2  b,  ff. 

Arbitration  clause,  in  articles  of  association, 
I.  635,  2  c. 

Arblay,  Madame  d’  [dar'-bla],  (Frances  Bur¬ 
ney),  English  novelist,  I.  637. 

Ar'bogast  (Arbogas'tes),  I.  638.  See  Am¬ 
brose,  I.  385,  1  c. 

Arbois  [ar-bwa],  town,  I.  638. 

Arbor,  of  wheel,  XYI.  591,  1  b.  In  the  ma¬ 
chinery  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IY.  699,  2  c. 

Ar'bor  Yi'TaE,  tree,  I.  638  (ill.). 

Arbor  ritce,  of  the  cerebellum,  III.  190, 1  a. 

Arbrissel,  Robert  of,  founder  of  the  order  of 
Fontevrault,  I.  638. 

Ar'broath,  Aberbrothwick  [ab-er-broth'-ik], 
or  Aberbroth'ock,  municipal  burgh,  I.  638. 

Ar'buthnot,  John,  physician  and  writer,  I. 
638. 

Arbuthnot ,  British  subject,  tried  and  executed 
by  order  of  Andrew  Jackson,  IX.  491,  1  c. 

Arbu'tus  (botany),  I.  639.  A.  unedo,  straw¬ 
berry  tree,  2  a  (ill.).  Trailing  arbutus,  2  c 
(ill.,  640). 

Arc,  portion  of  a  curved  line,  I.  640. 

Arc  on  the  earth's  surface,  measurement  of : 
see  Earth,  YI.  355,  1  ab ;  Degree,  Y.  764, 
2  c.  Used  by  Eratosthenes  to  ascertain  the 
size  of  the  earth,  Y.  765,  1  a.  Monument 
marking  the  commencement  of  great  Euro¬ 
pean  arc,  YIII.  427,  2  a. 

Arc,  Joan  of :  see  Joan  of  Arc. 

ARCAcnoN  [ar-ka-shong],  village,  I.  640. 

Arca'dia,  in  Greece,  I.  640. 

Arcadian  stag ,  capture  of  the,  YIII.  679,  1  c. 

Arcadius,  emperor,  I.  641. 

Ar’canite:  see  Potassium,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 

Arca’num,  celebrated  villa,  I.  763, 1  c  (Arpino). 

Arcanum  tarta're :  see  Potassium,  XIII.  7 63, 
2  a. 

Arcella :  see  Protozoa,  XIY.  36,  2  ab. 


Arcelli'na ,  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 

Arcesilaus  [ar-ses-e-la'-us],  philosopher,  1. 641. 

Arceutho'bium  (botany),  XI.  676,  1  c.  A.  oxy- 
cedri,  ib.  A.  campylopodium,  2  a. 

Arch,  I.  641.  Etruscan,  2  a;  Roman,  ib.,  and 
658,  2  be ;  triumphal,  642, 1  a  ;  pointed,  662, 
1  b,  2  a;  lancet,  663,  2  b;  decorated  Gothic 
(ill.),  665.  Arch  of  Trajan  at  Ancona,  469, 
1  a  (ill.).  Arch  of  Titus  at  Rome,  XIY. 
412,  2  a  (ill.).  Arch  of  Constantine,  2  c 
(ill.). 

Archceanac' tidee,  Cimmerian  dynasty,  III,  113, 
1  c. 

Archaeology  [ar-ke-ol'-o-je],  I.  642.  Three¬ 
fold  division  of  the  primeval  period  of  man, 
1  c.  Stone  age,  ib. ;  cave  period,  2  b ;  hu¬ 
man  skeletons,  643,  1  b.  Polished-stone  or 
neolithic  age,  1  be.  Shell  mounds  in  Den¬ 
mark,  1  c ;  in  the  United  States,  2  a.  Lake 
dwellings  of  Switzerland,  2  b ;  burial  mounds, 
ib. ;  domestic  animals  found  in  them,  ib. ; 
occupations  of  man,  2  be  ;  two  human  races, 
ib.  Bronze  age,  2  c,  and  644,  2  b ;  advance 
in  civilization,  1  a;  transition  period,  1  b; 
iron  age,  ib.,  and  2  b ;  historic  age,  ib.  Lar- 
tet’s  two  prehistoric  ages,  1  c.  Synchronism 
of  different  ages,  2  be. 

Argfleop'teryx  (ornithology),  I.  645  (ill.). 
Tail  in  A.  macrurus,  1  c. 

Arched  us,  a  spiritual  essence,  YIII.  624,  2  c ; 
XIII.  484,  2  a. 

Archangel  [ark-ain'-jel],  a  government  of 
Russia,  I.  645.  Capital,  2  b. 

Archbish'op,  I.  646.  First  formal  sanction  of, 
1  ab  ;  suffragans,  1  b. 

Archconfraternity  of  the  Immaculate  Heart  of 
Mary,  XI.  218,  1  b. 

Archdea'con,  ecclesiastical  dignitary,  I.  646. 

Archdevs,  in  Persian  demonology,  Y.  793,  2  be. 

Archduke',  German  title,  I.  646. 

Archebi'osis  (beginnings  of  life) :  see  Bastian, 
H.  C.,  II.  374,  2  c;  Bacterium,  208,  1  b. 

Archego'nia  (botany),  YII.  151,  1  ab;  X.  542, 

1  c  ;  XI.  864,  2  b. 

Archelaus  [ar-ke-la'-us],  philosopher,  I.  647. 
King  of  Macedon,  1  b.  General,  1  c.  Two 
kings  of  Comana,  2  ab.  King  of  Cappadocia, 

2  be.  Son  of  Herod  the  Great,  king,  2  c. 
Sculptor,  648,  1  a. 

Archenceph  ala :  see  Philosophical  Anatomy, 
XIII.  429,  1  a. 

AncnENiioLz,  Johann  Wilhelm,  baron  [ar'-khen- 
holts],  author,  I.  648. 

Arch'ek,  county,  I.  648. 


ARCHER 


ARCTIC 


45 


Archer ,  F.  Scott ,  collodion  process  discovered 
by,  XIII.  470,  1  be;  V.  78,  1  c. 

Archery,  I.  648.  Different  forms  of  weapons, 
with  illustrations.  Longbow,  2  be  (ill.) :  see 
744,  2  c.  Crossbow,  649,  1  b  (ill.) ;  inferior 
to  the  longbow',  744,  2  c. 

ARcnEs,  Court  of,  ecclesiastical,  I.  649.  Dean 
of  the,  2  c. 

Arches,  triumphal,  I.  642,  1  a-c.  See  Arch 
(Index). 

Archias,  Aulus  Licinius  [ar'-ke-as],  poet,  I.  650. 

Archiater  [ar-ke-a'-ter],  medical  title,  I.  650. 
Salaried  civil  officer,  required  to  attend  the 
poor  gratuitously,  1  be ;  XI.  348,  1  a. 

Archibald,  Adams  G.,  statesman,  I.  650. 

Archibald  Bell-the-  Cat ,  YI.  223,  2  be. 

Archibuteo  [ar-ke-bu'-te-o],  (ornithology),  III. 
506,  2  b.  A.  lagopus,  ib.  A.  Sancti  Johan- 
nis,  507,  1  a  (ill.,  506,  2  c). 

Archida'mia :  see  Agis,  king  of  Sparta,  I. 
187,  2  c. 

Archidamtis  [ar-ke-da'-mus],  name  of  five 
kings  of  Sparta,  I.  650.  Archidamus  II., 
2  ab:  see  Greece,  YIII.  192,  1  b.  Archi¬ 
damus  III.,  2  b;  referred  to,  I.  186,  2  c. 

Archil  [ar'-kil],  or  Orchil,  plant,  I.  650.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  YI.  339,  1  b. 

Archilochus  of  Pa'ros  [ar-kil'-o-kus],  poet,  I. 
651. 

Archimandrite  [ar-ke-man'-drite],  in  the  Greek 
church,  I.  651.  See  ExARcn. 

Archime'dean  Screw,  I.  651  (ills.). 

Archimedes  [ar-ke-me'-deez],  mathematician 
and  mechanician,  I.  651.  Possibility  of  his 
alleged  use  of  a  burning  glass  proved,  III. 
471,  2  be.  Principle  of  Archimedes,  I.  652, 

1  a;  demonstration  of  it,  IX.  119,  2  b  (ills.). 
His  mechanical  theories,  XI.  316,  1  c  and 

2  c.  Idea  of  exhaustion  introduced  by  him 
into  geometry,  YII.  701,  1  c. 

Archipelago  [ar-ke-pel'-a-go],  Greek,  I.  652. 
Indian,  2  b.  See  Mediterranean  Sea,  and 
Indian  Archipelago. 

Architecture  [ar'-ke-tek-ture],  I.  652.  Pe- 
lasgic,  653,  1  a.  Babylonian,  1  be.  Assyr¬ 
ian,  Phoenician,  Syrian,  Hebrew,  1  c.  Chi¬ 
nese  and  Hindoo,  2  ab.  Egyptian,  2  b.  Gre¬ 
cian,  654,  2  b.  Grecian  temple,  2  c ;  chora- 
gic  monuments,  655,  1  c;  agoras,  gymnasi¬ 
ums,  baths,  2  a.  Orders  of,  2  b ;  Doric,  ib. ; 
Ionic,  657,  1  be;  Corinthian,  2  be.  Etrus¬ 
can,  658,  1  c;  Tuscan  order,  2  a.  Roman, 
ib. ;  Roman  Corinthian,  659,  1  b;  compo¬ 
site,  2  b ;  Roman  Doric,  2  be  ;  Roman  Ionic, 


660,  1  b.  Architecture  of  the  middle  ages, 

661,  1  ab.  Byzantine,  introduction  of,  2  a. 
Saracenic  and  Moorish,  2  be.  Old  Gothic, 

662,  2  a;  pointed  style,  663,  2  b;  its  primary 
period,  ib. ;  its  second,  decorated  or  rayon- 
nant,  664,  1  b ;  its  third,  perpendicular  or 
flamboyant,  1  c.  The  renaissance  or  revival, 
2  ab.  Modern  architecture,  665,  1  c ;  Greek 
revival,  2  ab ;  Gothic  revival,  ib.,  and  666, 
1  be ;  neo-grecque  or  romantique,  1  ab ; 
“  Yictorian  Gothic,”  1  c.  (Ills.) 

Architecture,  schools  of,  YI.  431,  2  c. 
Architecture  of  Lama ic  temples ,  X.  117,  2  a. 
Architeu' this  mon'achus,  mollusk,  XY.  294,  2  c. 
A.  princeps,  295,  1  a. 

Architrave :  see  Architecture,  I.  656,  2  b ; 

Ionic,  657,  2  b  ;  Corinthian,  2  c. 

Archon  [ar'-kon],  of  Athens,  I.  666 :  see 
Greece,  YIII.  188,  2  c.  Decennial,  I.  666, 
2b;  II.  54,  2  c. 

Archonts,  XI.  359,  2  be  (Megastiienes). 
Archytas  of  Tar'entum  [ar-kl'-tas],  philoso¬ 
pher,  I.  667. 

Arcis-sur-Aube  [ar-se-siir-obe],  town,  I.  667. 
Arco  della  pace  [pa'-cha],  XI.  531,  2  c  (Milan). 
Arcole  [ar-ko'-la],  village,  and  battle  of,  I.  667. 
Arcos  de  la  Frontera  [ar'-koce  da  la  frone- 
ta'-ra],  town  of  Spain,  I.  667. 

Arcot',  district  of  the  Carnatic,  I.  667.  Cap¬ 
ital  town,  2  a.  Capture  of  by  the  English, 
IY.  693, 1  ab.  Siege  and  assault  by  Cliunda 
Sahib,  1  be. 

Arctia  [ark'-te-a],  (entomology),  species  of,  XI. 

868,  1  c.  A.  aciTea,  2  a  (ill.). 

Arctic  Discovery,  I.  667.  Map,  668.  At¬ 
tempts  to  reach  the  north  pole  and  a  north¬ 
west  passage,  1  c.  Hudson’s  voyages,  669, 
1  b.  Extreme  variation  of  the  magnetic 
needle  observed,  2  a.  Open  polar  sea  re¬ 
ported,  2  be.  Expeditions  in  part  for  scien¬ 
tific  objects,  2  c ;  of  Ross  and  Lieut.  Parry, 
of  Buchan  and  Franklin,  and  of  Lieuts.  Par¬ 
ry  and  Liddon,  670,  1.  Franklin’s  overland 
expedition,  670,  2  b,  and  671,  2  b.  Position 
of  the  true  magnetic  pole  determined,  672, 

1  c.  Hudson  Bay  company’s  expeditions, 

2  b,  and  673,  1  b.  Sir  John  Franklin’s  last 
voyage,  673,  1  c.  Expeditions  sent  to  aid 
him,  2  ab ;  from  the  United  States,  674,  2  b. 
His  first  winter  quarters  found,  2  c.  Discov¬ 
ery  of  his  remains,  and  of  a  record  of  the 
lost  expedition,  678, 1  c.  Dr.  Kane’s  expedi¬ 
tion,  676,  2  ab;  scientific  results  of  it,  677, 
1  c.  Hayes’s  expedition,  679,  1  b ;  Capt. 


46 


ARCTIC 


ARGENT 


Hall’s,  2  b,  680,  2  b.  German  expeditions, 

680,  1  a;  Austrian,  1  c. 

Arctic  expeditions:  see  Arctic  Discoyert; 
Barentz,  Willem;  Billings,  Joseph;  Bu¬ 
chan,  David;  Hayes,  Isaac  Israel;  Kolde- 
wey,  Ivarl ;  Wrangell,  Ferdinand. 

Arctic  ocean :  see  Polar  Seas,  XIII.  653,  1  c. 
Arctoceph' alus  Falldan'  dicus  (zoology),  XIV. 
734,  2  b. 

Arctom'econ  Califor'nicum  (botany),  XIII.  715, 
2  b. 

Arc'tomys  (zoology),  XI.  182,  1  a.  A.  marmo- 
ta,  ib.  (ill.).  A.  monax,  XYI.  706,  2  be  (ill.). 
Arctos ,  constellation,  III.  621,  2  c. 

Arctu'rus,  star,  I.  680 ;  III.  86,  1  ab  (Bootes). 
Arcueil  [ar-kiihy’],  village,  I.  681. 

Ar'cus  sen' ills:  see  Heart,  Diseases  of  the, 
VIII.  565,  1  c. 

Arcy,  Grotto  of,  I.  681. 

Arcyria ,  fungi,  VII.  533,  2  a. 

Ardabil  [ar-da-beel'j,  Ardebil,  or  Erdebil, 
town,  I.  681. 

Ar'dea  (ornithology),  II.  670,  1  b  (Bittern)  ; 
A.  minor,  2  a ;  A.  (butorides)  virescens,  2  ab 
(ill.).  VI.  453,  1  c  (Egret);  A.  (herodias) 
egretta,  ib.  (ill.) ;  A.  alba,  2  c  (ill.,  454) ;  A. 
garzetta,  454,  1  b  (ill.) ;  A.  Coromanda,  1  c; 
A.  rufa,  2  a  (ill.).  VIII.  689,  2  a  (Heron)  ; 
A.  cinerea,  690,  1  a  (ill.,  689) ;  A.  purpurea, 

1  be ;  A.  Ludoviciana,  1  c  (ill.) ;  A.  hero¬ 
dias,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  A.  occidentalis,  691,  2  a  (ill.)  ; 
A.  coerulea,  2  b. 

Ardebil:  see  Ardabil. 

ARDEcnE  [ar-daish],  department  of  France,  I. 

681. 

Arde'idce  (ornithology),  II.  670,  1  b. 

Ardennes  [ar-den],  department  of  France,  I. 

681. 

ARDEsniR  [ar-deh-slieer'],  Ardshir,  or  Artax- 
erxes,  Babegan,  founder  of  the  Sassanide 
dynasty,  I.  681 ;  773,  2  a. 

Ardet'ta  exi'lis  (ornithology),  II.  670,  1  ab 
(ill.,  671). 

Arditi,  Luigi  [ar-de'-te],  violinist  and  com¬ 
poser,  I.  681. 

Ar  elate  [ar-e-la'-te],  ancient  town,  I.  718,  2  a 
(Arles)  ;  kingdom  of,  2  b,  and  VII.  379,  2  c. 
Ard-righ ,  title,  III.  263,  2  c. 

Ardshir :  see  Ardeshir. 

Are  [are],  French  unit  of  surface,  I.  682. 

Areca  [a-re'-ka],  (botany),  XIII.  17,  1  c.  A. 
lutescens,  16,  2  b  (ilk,  17).  A.  catechu,  17, 

2  a  (ill.) ;  II.  593,  1  b.  A.  oleracea,  III.  524, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  XIII.  17,  2  c  (oreodoxa  oleracea). 


Areca  island ,  XIII.  245,  1  c  (Penang). 

Areca  palm,  XIII.  17,  2  a  (ill.);  II.  593,  1  b. 
Arecin'ece  (botany),  XIII.  17,  1  c. 

Are'na,  of  an  amphitheatre,  I.  439,  2  c. 
Aren'acum ,  I.  757,  1  c  (Arnhem). 

Arendal  [a'-ren-dal],  town  of  Norway,  called 
“Little  Venice,”  I.  682. 

Arenic'ola  (entomology),  X.  562,  1  c.  A.  pis- 
catorum,  2  a;  VI.  218,  1  c. 

Are'ola:  see  Mammary  Glands,  XI.  83,  1  c; 

Obstetrics,  XII.  569,  1  a. 

Areolce,  of  the  lungs,  X.  721,  1  a. 

Areolar  Tissue  :  see  Cellular  Tissue. 
Areometer  [a-re-om'-e-ter] :  see  Hydrometer. 
Areopagites  [a-re-op'-a-jites] :  see  Illuminati, 
IX.  193,  1  c. 

Areop'agus,  of  Athens,  I.  682;  II.  59,  2  be. 
Council  or  court  of  the  Areopagus,  I.  682, 
lb;  II.  55,  1  a  and  c. 

Arequipa  [a-ra-ke'-pa],  department  of  Peru,  I. 

682.  Volcano  of  Misti  or  Arequipa,  2  a 
(ill.).  Capital  town,  2  c. 

Ares  [a'-reez] :  see  Mars. 

Aret^eus  [ar-e-te'-us],  physician,  I.  683.  His 
theory  of  insanity,  IX.  297,  1  be. 

Arethusa  [ar-e-thu'-za],  fountain  and  nymph 
(Nereid),  I.  683,  and  351,  1  c.  One  of  the 
Ilesperides,  683,  1  a.  Fountain  repaired, 
XV.  542,  1  be. 

Aretino,  Guido,  or  Guido  d1  Arezzo  [a-ra-te'- 
no,  gwe'-do  da-ret'-so],  Benedictine  monk,  I. 

683.  See  Bruni,  Leonardo.  Pietro,  Italian 
-writer,  1  c. 

Are'tium ,  I.  683,  2  b  (Arezzo). 

Arezzo  [a-ret'-so],  province,  I.  683.  Capital 
city,  2  b. 

Arg^us,  Mount  [ar-je'-us] :  see  Arjish. 
Argali  [ar-ga'-le] :  see  SnEEP,  XIV.  836,  2  c. 
Asiatic,  ib.  (ill.,  837).  African,  837,  1  ab. 
American,  1  c  (ill.). 

Argall,  Samuel  [ar'-g’l],  adventurer,  I.  683. 
Argand  burner,  X.  129,  1  be. 

Argelander,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  August  [ar'~ 
glieh-lan-der],  astronomer,  I.  684.  (D.  1875.) 
Argemone  Mexica'na  [ar-jem'-o-ne],  (botany), 
XIII.  715,  1  c. 

Argens,  Jean  Baptiste  de  Boyer,  marquis  d’ 
[dar-zhang],  writer,  I.  684. 

Argenson,  Voyer  d’  [vwa-ya  dar-zhans-son?], 
French  family,  I.  684.  Rene  Louis,  2  b. 
Marc  Pierre,  2  c.  Marc  Antoine  Ren6  de 
Palmy,  ib.  Marc  Ren6,  685,  1  a. 

Ar'gent  [Fr.  ar-zhang],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671, 
2  a,  b. 


ARGENTAN 


ARIOSTO 


47 


Argentan  [ar-zliang-tang],  town  of  France,  I. 
685. 

Ar' gentane ,  or  argentan :  see  German  Silver, 
and  XYI.  817,  1  be. 

Argenteuil  [ar-zha^-ttLhy’],  town  of  France, 
I.  685.  Nunnery  of,  1  c:  see  Abelard,  I. 
18,  1  b. 

Argenteuil,  county,  I.  685. 

Argen'teus  Co'dex,  I.  685.  See  Gothic  Lan¬ 
guage  and  Literature,  YIII.  125,  1  c. 
Argen'tic  oxide ,  XY.  48,  2  c  (Silver). 
Argentine  flowers  of  antimony,  crystals,  I.  565, 
1  a. 

Argentine  Republic  [ar'-jen-teen],  {La  Re- 
publica  Argentina ,  la  ra-poo'-ble-ka  ar-khen- 
te'-na),  I.  685  (map).  Provinces,  area,  and 
population,  1  be.  Physical  features,  687,  2  a. 
Rivers,  688,  1  b ;  lakes,  2  b.  Geology,  689, 

1  a.  Fossils,  1  b.  Minerals,  1  c.  Climate, 

2  b.  Soil,  690, 1  ab.  Flora,  1  b.  Fauna,  ib. 
Statistics  of  farming  stock,  ib.  Manufac¬ 
tures,  691, 1  a.  Commerce,  1  b.  Intercommu¬ 
nication,  1  c.  Telegraph,  2  ab.  Banks,  2  b. 
Post  office  department,  ib.  Constitution  and 
government,  ib.  Finances,  1  b.  Education, 
692,  2  a.  Religion,  2  ab.  History,  2  b. 

Argentite,  XY.  49,  2  be  (Silver). 

Argentora'  turn,  ancient  city,  XY.  410,  2  c. 
Argen'tum,  origin  of  the  name,  XV.  47,  2  a. 

Argentum  vivum,  XI.  400,  1  c  (Mercury). 
Argilla' ceous  (smell  or  taste),  IY.  649,  1  a. 
Arginu'sce ,  naval  battle  of:  see  Greece,  YIII. 
195,  1  a. 

Argives  [ar'-jives],  Greek  tribe,  I.  696. 

Argo ,  fabled  ship,  I.  696,  2  b  (Argonauts). 
Ar'gob ,  ancient  city,  II.  359,  2  b  (Bashan). 
Argol:  see  Tartar,  XY.  574,  2  b,  and  Wine, 
XYI.  666,  2  be. 

Argolis  :  see  Argos. 

Argolis  and  Corinth ,  nomarchy,  I.  697,  2  c. 
Argonaut,  mollusk :  see  Nautilus,  XII.  175, 
1  c,  177,  la  (ill.),  and  Cephalopoda,  IY. 
207,  1  a  and  c.  Argonaut  without  the  shell 
(ill.),  IY.  207,  1  a;  with  the  shell  (ill.),  1  c. 
Power  of  changing  its  color,  243,  1  b 
(Chameleon)  ;  XII.  177,  1  be  (Nautilus). 
Argonau'ta  (mollusca),  XII.  177, 1  a.  A.  argo, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Argonauts,  in  Greek  legend,  I.  696. 

Argonne  [ar-giin],  region  in  France,  I.  697. 
Argonne  forest :  see  Argonne,  I.  697,  1  b. 

French  ThermopykB,  ib. 

Argoon,  or  Argun  [ar-goon'],  river,  I.  697. 
Ar'gos,  or  Argolis,  ancient  Greece,  I.  697. 


Kingdom  and  city  of  Argos,  2  b;  modern 
town,  2  c. 

Argot  [ar-go] :  see  Slang. 

Arguelles,  Augustin  [ar-gwa'-lyace],  states¬ 
man,  I.  697. 

Arguerite ,  XY.  49,  2  ab  (Silver). 

Argun :  see  Argoon. 

Argus,  mythical,  I.  698.  See  Io. 

Argus  (ornithology),  XIII.  384,  2  c.  A.  gigan- 
teus,  ib.  (ill.,  385). 

Argyle :  see  Argyll. 

Argylesiiire,  or  Argyllshire  [ar-ghile'-sher], 
county,  I.  698. 

Argyll,  or  Argyle  [ar-ghile'],  earls  and  dukes 
of,  I.  698. 

Argyllshire  :  see  Argyllshire. 

Argyn'nis  (entomology),  III.  498,  2  b.  A. 
Diana,  ib. 

Argyreio'sus  (ichthyology),  YI.  219,  2  c. 

Argyre'us  (ichthyology),  Y.  628,  1  c.  A.  atro- 
nasus,  2  b  (ill.).  A.  nasutus,  2  c. 

Argyrip'pa,  ancient  town,  VII.  301,  1  a. 

Argyro-Kasteo  [ar'-glie-ro-kas'-tro],  Albanian 
town,  I.  699. 

Argyropulos,  Johannes  [ar-ghe-rop'-oo-los], 
scholar,  I.  699. 

A'ria,  XII.  93,  2  a  (Music). 

Aeiad'ne,  in  Greek  legend,  I.  699. 

Aeial'dus,  Christian  martyr,  I.  699. 

A'rianism,  I.  700.  See  Arius.  Conflict  be¬ 
tween  the  Orthodox  and  Arians  in  the  Ro¬ 
man  empire,  1  b.  Arianism  in  the  Germanic 
tribes,  701,  1  b.  See  Christ  (Index). 

Ariano  [a-re-a'-no],  town  of  Italy,  I.  701. 

Arians :  see  Arianism,  and  Trinity.  See 
Christ  (Index). 

Aria  Palus ,  lake,  XIY.  755,  1  c. 

A'rias  Monta'nus,  Benedictus,  oriental  scholar, 
I.  701.  See  Polyglot,  XIII.  687,  2  b. 

Arica  [a-re'-ka],  town  of  Peru,  I.  701.  Earth¬ 
quake  of  1868,  and  its  disastrous  effects,  2  b. 

Aric'aras :  see  Rickarees. 

Ariege  [a-re-aizh],  department  of  France,  I. 
702.  River,  1  b. 

A'riel,  Hebrew  name,  I.  702. 

Ariel  (ornithology),  XY.  820,  1  ab. 

Ariel,  or  cora,  species  of  gazelle,  VII.  655,  2  a. 

Arimas'pi,  mythical,  IX.  135,  1  a- 

Arim'inum :  see  Rimini. 

Arioch  [a'-re-ok],  king  of  Ellasar,  referred  to, 
IV.  230,  2  ab. 

Ari'on,  ancient  musician  and  poet,  I.  702. 

Ariosto,  Ludovico  [a-re-os'-to],  poet,  I.  702 ; 
IX.  461,  1  c. 


4S 


AEIOVISTUS 


ARMADILLO 


Arioyis'tus,  German  chief,  I.  703. 

Arisa  [a-re'-sa],  tree,  specific  for  stanching  effu¬ 
sion  of  blood,  Y.  86,  2  ab. 

Arisce'ma  (botany),  XVI.  422,  1  b.  A.  tri- 
phyllura,  ib.,  and  1  c  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Arista,  Mariano  [a-reece'-ta],  general,  I.  703. 

Arist^e'us,  mythical,  I.  703. 

Aristarchus  [ar-is-tar'-kus],  grammarian  and 
critic,  I.  703.  Astronomer,  2  b. 

Aristides  [ar-is-tl'-deez],  Athenian  statesman, 
I.  703.  AElius,  rhetorician,  704,  1  a.  Aris¬ 
tides  of  Thebes,  painter,  1  b. 

“  Aristides ,  British see  Maryell,  Andrew, 
XI.  215,  2  a. 

Aristip'pus,  philosopher,  I.  704. 

Aristobu'lus,  Jewish  writer,  I.  704.  Usurp¬ 
ing  king  of  Judea,  2  b  ;  VIII.  592,  2  c.  Son 
of  Alexander  Jannasus,  I.  704,  2  c;  VIII. 
592,  2  c;  IX.  139,  1  a.  Young  high  priest, 
drowned  by  order  of  Herod,  VIII.  593,  1  c. 

Aristogiton:  see  Harmodius  and  Aristogi¬ 
ton. 

Aristolochia  [a-ris-to-lo'-ke-a],  (botany),  XV. 
130,  2  a.  A.  serpentaria,  ib.  (ill.).  A.  gua- 
co,  VIII.  275,  1  b. 

Aristomenes  [ar-is-tom'-e-neez],  general  and 
statesman,  I.  704. 

Aristopii'anes,  comic  poet,  I.  705.  His  imita¬ 
tion  of  the  croaking  of  frogs,  VII.  504,  1  b. 

Aristote'lianism ,  spurious  (nominalism),  I.  707, 
1  c;  Arabian  form  of,  XIII.  439,  2  c. 

Aristotle  [ar'-is-tot’l],  ancient  philosopher,  I. 
705.  His  Organon,  X.  580,  1  b;  the  father 
of  the  science  of  logic,  ib. ;  his  definition  of 
induction,  2  a ;  Leibnitz’s  opinion  of  him, 
322,  2  b.  His  ethics,  XI.  809,  1  c;  system 
of  philosophy,  XIII.  438,  1  b ;  of  politi¬ 
cal  economy,  665,  1  b.  His  knowledge  of 
natural  history,  IX.  159, 1  a;  of  comparative 
anatomy,  V.  185,  1  b,  I.  460,  1  c,  and  XI. 
346,  1  b.  His  description  of  the  reptilian 
orders,  VIII.  692,  1  c;  distinction  of  verte¬ 
brates  and  invertebrates,  IX.  325,  1  be; 
classification  of  mammals,  XI.  79,  2  b;  of 
birds,  XII.  704,  2  a;  of  insects,  VI.  658,  2  b. 
His  two  books  on  plants,  III.  131,  2  c.  On 
the  origin  of  plants  and  animals,  VII.  10,  1  b. 
On  the  nature  of  substance,  IV.  357, 1  b ;  on 
the  fundamental  properties  of  matter,  ib. ; 
his  influence  on  the  science  of  chemistry,  ib. 
His  views  concerning  heat,  VIII.  567,  1  c ; 
concerning  motion,  XI.  316,  2  a;  of  the  na¬ 
ture  of  money,  736,  1  a.  Ascription  to  him 
of  spurious  works,  I.  706,  1  c.  His  school 


of  philosophy  in  the  middle  ages,  252,  2  c. 
Narrow  escape  of  his  works  from  condemna¬ 
tion  by  the  Parisian  parliament,  II.  578,  1  b. 
Aristox'enus,  Greek  writer,  I.  707. 
Arith'metio,  1. 707.  Numerals,  Hebrew,  Greek, 
Roman,  Arabic,  2  b  and  c.  Value  of  our 
system  of  notation,  708,  1  be.  Binary  and 
ternary  systems,  1  c ;  X.  323,  2  b,  and  324, 

1  a.  Properties  of  numbers,  2  a.  See 
Mathematics. 

Aritli' momancy ,  VI.  153,  2  be  (Divination). 
A'rius  [properly,  a-n'-us],  founder  of  Arian- 
ism,  I.  708.  See  Arianism,  and  references 
under  that  title  (Index). 

Arizo'na,  territory,  I.  709.  Population,  2  a. 
Topography,  2  b.  Geology  and  minerals, 
710,  1  a.  Climate,  2  b.  Plora,  2  c.  Agri¬ 
culture,  711,  1  a.  Intercommunication,  1  be. 
Government,  1  c.  Pinances,  2  a.  Statis¬ 
tics,  census,  education,  newspapers,  &c.,  2  a. 
History  and  antiquities,  2  b. 

Arjish,  or  Erjish  Dagli,  mountain,  I.  711. 
Ark,  Noah’s,  I.  712.  See  Ship,  XIV.  855,  2  b. 

Ark  of  the  covenant,  I.  712,  1  b. 

Arkan  sas,  Indian  tribe,  I.  712. 

Arkansas,  river,  I.  712. 

Arkansas  [formerly  ar'-kan-saw],  state,  I.  713. 
State  seal,  1  b.  Population,  1  c.  Topography, 

2  b.  Minerals,  714,  1  be.  Climate,  1  c. 
Diseases,  2  ab.  Soil,  2  b.  Agriculture,  2  c. 
Manufactures,  715,  1  a.  Fauna,  ib.  Com¬ 
merce,  1  ab.  Natural  curiosities,  1  b.  State 
improvements,  1  c.  Banks,  ib..  Intercom¬ 
munication,  2  a.  Government,  2  c.  Fi¬ 
nances,  716,  2  be.  Education,  ib.  State  in¬ 
stitutions,  717,  1  ab.  Periodicals,  ib.  His¬ 
tory,  1  b;  secession,  1  be;  new  constitution 
(1864),  2  ab. 

Arkansas,  county,  I.  717. 

Arkwright,  Sir  Richard,  inventor,  I.  717.  His 
invention  of  spinning  by  rollers,  V.  411,  2  b. 
Arles  [arl],  town  of  France,  I.  718. 

Arles,  council  of,  VI.  208,  1  b. 

Arles,  kingdom  of,  I.  718,  2  be;  III.  451,  1  c; 
VII.  379,  2  c. 

Arlinoourt,  Victor,  viscount  d’  [dar-lang-koor], 
poet  and  novelist,  I.  718. 

Arlington,  earl  of,  II.  529  (Bennet,  Henry). 
Arlington  estate :  see  Custis,  V.  593,  1  c  and 
2  a. 

Arlon  [ar-long],  town  of  Belgium,  I.  719. 
Ap.ma'da  [Sp.  ar-ma'-^a],  Spanish  naval  arma¬ 
ment,  I.  719;  VI.  534,  1  a  (England). 
Armadil'lo,  animal,  I.  720  (ill.). 


ARMAGEDDON 


ARMY 


49 


Armageddon  [ar-ma-ghed'-dun],  a  region  of 
Palestine,  I.  721.  Use  of  the  term  in  Rev. 
xvi.  14-16,  1  c. 

Armagh  [ar-ma/],  county,  I.  721.  City,  2  a. 

Armagnao  [ar-m&-nyak],  territory  of  France, 
I.  721.  Bernard  VII.,  count  of,  2  c.  Jean 
V.,  722,  1  a. 

Armagnacs ,  political  faction,  IV.  286, 1  c  ;  XII. 
698,  2  be. 

Armament :  see  Fortification,  VII.  334,  2  a. 

Arman  [ar-mang],  contractor  for  confederate 
vessels,  II.  583,  1  a. 

Armand,  Charles  [ar-mang] :  see  Rouarie. 

Armansperg,  Joseph  Louis,  count  [ar'-mans- 
pairg],  statesman,  I.  722. 

Ar'ma  spino'sa  (entomology),  XIII.  769,  2  c. 
Illustrations,  ib.,  and  770,  1  a. 

Ar'matoles,  Greek  mountain  chiefs,  I.  722. 

Armee  de  Conde  [ar-ma  dull  kong-da],  so  styled, 
V.  215,  1  c. 

Armengaitd,  Jean  Germain  Desire  [ar-maDg- 
go],  art  historian,  I.  722. 

Arme'nia,  I.  722.  Divisions,  2  c.  Climate,  ib. 
Physical  features,  723, 1  a.  Agricultural  re¬ 
sources,  1  b.  Traditions  and  history,  1  c. 
Armenian  nationality  extinguished,  724,  2  a. 

Armeni'aca  vulga'ris  (botany),  I.  605,  2  c. 

Armenian  chronicle ,  I.  727,  2  a. 

Armenian  Church,  I.  724.  Introduction  of 
Christianity  into  Armenia,  2  b.  Doctrines  of 
the  Armenians,  725, 1  a.  Orders  of  the  cler¬ 
gy,  1  be.  Church  government,  1  c.  United 
Armenians,  or  Armeno-Catholics,  2  c.  Prot¬ 
estant  Armenians,  726,  1  b.  Debajy  Oghlu, 
1  be.  Missions,  1  c. 

Armenian  Language  and  Literature,  I.  727. 
Armenian  translation  of  the  Bible,  1  c ;  its 
influence  on  the  language,  2  a.  Books  in 
modern  Armenian,  2  c. 

Armenian  Protestants ,  I.  726,  1  b. 

Armenians ,  the ,  IX.  347,  1  c. 

Armenian  stone ,  X.  161,  2  be  (Lapis  Lazuli). 

Armeno-Catholics ,  I.  725,  2  c. 

Armentieres  [ar-mang-tyair],  town  of  France, 
I.  722. 

Armes  d  outrance  [arm  za  oo-trangce],  XV.  824, 
1  c  (Tournament). 

Armil'lce  :  see  Eratosthenes,  VI.  704,  2  c. 

Armillary  sphere ,  VIII.  34,  1  c. 

Armil'lus ,  Jewish  Antichrist,  I.  559,  2  c. 

Armin,  Robert,  player  and  author,  associate  of 
Shakespeare,  I.  728. 

Arminen  [ar-me'-nen],  German  students’  po¬ 
litical  association,  III.  478,  1  b. 

4 


Arming  of  the  sounding  lead,  II.  71,  1  c. 

Arminian  controversy ,  XIV.  254,  2  c.  See  Ar- 
minius,  James,  and  Arminians,  and  compare 
Barneveldt  and  Grotius. 

Arminianism  in  England ,  I.  729,  1  b. 

Arminians,  I.  728.  See  Arminian  controversy 
(Index). 

Arminius  (Hermann),  liberator  of  Germany,  I. 
729.  Statue  of,  II.  267,  2  c. 

Arminius,  James,  theologian,  I.  730. 

Armistice  [ar'-mis-tis],  X.  228,  1  a. 

Ar'mitage,  Edward,  painter,  I.  731. 

Armon'ica :  see  Harmonica. 

Armor,  I.  731.  Greek,  1  be  (ill.).  Roman, 
732,  1  ab  (ill.).  Mediaeval,  1  c.  Norman 
spearman  (ill.),  2  a ;  full  suit  of  chain  mail 
(ill.),  2  c;  mail  and  plate  armor  (ill.),  733, 
1  a ;  early  plate  armor  (ill.),  1  c ;  fluted  and 
perfected  plate  armor  (ill.),  2  a ;  armor  of 
man  and  horse  (ill.),  2  c. 

Armored  ships :  see  Iron-clad  Ships. 

Armor'ioa  (Brittany),  I.  734;  III.  300,  1  c; 
VIII.  182,  2  c. 

Arms,  weapons  of  offence,  I.  734. 

Arms  of  an  anchor ,  I.  464,  2  c. 

Armstrong,  county,  I.  735. 

Armstrong,  John,  American  soldier,  I.  735. 

Armstrong,  John,  physician,  poet,  and  essay¬ 
ist,  I.  736. 

Armstrong,  John,  physician  and  author,  I.  736. 

Armstrong,  Sir  William  George,  engineer  and 
inventor,  I.  736.  His  guns,  792,  1  c,  ff.  (ill., 
793) ;  III.  712,  1  a  (ills.) ;  anticipated  by 
Treadwell,  XV.  849,  2  be.  Composition  of 
his  percussion  powder,  VII.  38,  1  be. 

Army,  I.  736.  Army  of  Egypt,  737,  1  a;  As¬ 
syria,  1  c ;  Babylon,  2  be ;  Persia,  ib. ;  Greece, 
738,  2  a.  Changes  in  tactics  after  the  Pelo¬ 
ponnesian  war,  740,  1  a;  arms,  1  b;  mer¬ 
cenary  troops  in  Greece  and  abroad,  1  be; 
introduction  of  warlike  engines,  1  c.  Army 
of  Philip  of  Macedon,  740,  2  b;  of  Carthage, 
741,  2  b ;  of  Rome,  ib.  Roman  officers,  742, 

1  be ;  arms,  ib. ;  tactical  disposition  of  troops, 

2  c,  744, 1  ab;  phalanx  and  legion,  743, 1  a. 
Changes  introduced  by  Caesar,  1  c,  and  un¬ 
der  the  empire,  744,  1  b.  Army  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  ages,  2  b ;  effect  of  the  feudal  system  on 
discipline,  ib. ;  infantry,  2  c;  cavalry,  745, 
1  ab.  Introduction  of  firearms,  2  a.  Effect 
of  breaking  up  of  the  feudal  system,  2  b  ; 
introduction  of  standing  armies,  2  be.  Char¬ 
acter  of  armies  at  the  close  of  the  middle 
ages,  2  c.  Beginning  of  progress  in  mod- 


50 


ARMY 


ARQUEBUSE 


era  times,  746,  1  b;  drill  regulations,  2  b; 
infantry  and  cavalry,  2  be ;  introduction  of 
dragoons,  747,  1  a.  Reforms  under  Gusta- 
vus  Adolphus,  1  b;  introduction  of  paper 
cartridges,  ib. ;  reorganization  of  cavalry, 

.  and  improvement  of  artillery,  1  be.  Intro¬ 
duction  of  the  bayonet,  flint-lock,  and  iron 
ramrod,  2  a.  Reforms  under  Frederick  the 
Great,  748,  1  be ;  revolution  in  cavalry,  1  c; 
in  artillery,  2  ab ;  in  infantry,  2  b  ;  effect  of 
the  line  formation,  2  be.  Origin  of  the  mod¬ 
ern  military  system,  749,  1  ab.  French 
army  of  the  republic,  and  its  new  system  of 
tactics,  1  b ;  combination  of  the  three  arms, 
2  ab.  Changes  in  materiel  of  armies,  750, 
1  ab.  American  rifles,  2  be  ;  tactical  arrange¬ 
ments,  light-infantry  tactics,  2  c ;  American 
improvements  in  cavalry,  751,  1  a.  General 
organization  of  modern  armies,  751,  2  ab; 
their  equipment  and  armament,  2  c;  recruit¬ 
ing  of  officers,  2  b.  Division  of  infantry, 
752,  1  b;  of  cavalry,  1  c;  of  artillery,  2  a; 
brigade  and  division,  2  b.  The  staff,  753, 

1  b.  Military  establishments,  2  b.  Military 
system  of  the  United  States,  754,  1  ab. 

u  Army  of  the  faith  ”  (Spanish  royalists),  YII. 

138,  1  be;  its  defeat  and  dispersion,  1  c. 
Arna ,  wild  buffalo,  III.  410,  2  a. 

Arnatto :  see  Annotto. 

Arnauld  [ar-no],  family,  I.  754.  Antoine,  2 
ab.  Robert  Arnauld  d’Andilly,  2  b.  Henri, 

2  be.  Antoine  (the  great  Arnauld),  755,  1  a. 
His  impeachment  of  the  moral  teaching  of 
the  Jesuits,  XIII.  734,  1  a.  Marie  Jacque¬ 
line  Angelique,  I.  755,  2  be.  Agnes,  2  c. 
Ang61ique  (Mere  AngMique),  756,  1  a. 

Arnatjlt,  Vincent  Antoine  [ar-no],  author,  I. 
756. 

Arnaut  Beligrad,  town :  see  Berat. 
Arnautlih  [ar-no  wt'-lik] :  see  Albania,  I.  244, 
1  a. 

Arnauts  [ar-nowts'] :  see  Albania,  I.  244,  2  b. 
Arnd,  or  Arndt,  Johann  [arnt],  theologian,  I. 

756. 

Arndt,  Erast  Moritz,  German  patriot,  I.  756. 
Arndt ,  Johann :  see  Arnd. 

Arne,  Thomas  Augustine  [arn],  composer,  I. 

757. 

Arnheim ,  city :  see  Arnhem. 

Arnheim ,  Johann  Georg :  see  Arnim. 

Arnhem,  or  Arnheim  [arn'-hem,  -hlrne],  city 
of  Holland,  I.  757. 

Ar'nica  (botany),  I.  757.  A.  montana,  2  b 
(ill.). 


Arnim,  or  Arnheim,  Johann  Georg,  soldier,  I. 
757. 

Arnim,  Karl  Otto  Ludwig  von,  author,  I.  758. 
Arnim,  Ludwig  Achim  (Joachim)  von,  poet,  I. 
758;  alluded  to,  III.  250,  2  be.  Elisabeth 
(Bettina)  von,  writer,  1  c ;  alluded  to,  III. 
250,  2  b.  Gisela  von,  writer,  2  c. 

Arnimb,  Dorothea  (or  Doris  von),  allusion  to, 
III.  702,  2  c. 

Arno,  river  of  Tuscany,  I.  758. 

Arno'bius,  rhetorician,  I.  759 ;  X.  199,  2  ab. 
Arnold,  Benedict,  traitor,  I.  759 ;  X.  97,  1  a. 

James  Robertson,  British  soldier,  I.  760,  1  c. 
Arnold  of  Brescia,  religious  reformer,  I.  760; 
131,  2  b. 

Arnold,  Christoph  [ar'-nolt],  astronomer,  I. 
760. 

Arnold,  Edwin,  author,  I.  761. 

Arnold,  Matthew,  author,  I.  761. 

Arnold,  Samuel,  composer,  I.  761. 

Arnold,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  teacher  and  historian, 
I.  761. 

Arnold,  Thomas  Kerchever,  clergyman  and 
author,  I.  762. 

Ar'noldists ,  religious  sect,  I.  760,  2  c. 

Arnol'di  Villa ,  I.  757,  2  a  (Arnhem). 

Arnott,  Heil,  scientist,  I.  762.  His  hydrosta¬ 
tic  or  water  bed,  II.  445,  2  a.  (Died  1874.) 
Arnould,  Sophie  [ar-noo],  actress,  I.  762. 
Arnsberg  [arnce'-pairg],  town,  I.  762. 
Arnstadt  [arn'-stat],  town,  I.  762. 

Arnswalde  [arnce'-val-deh],  town,  I.  762. 
Aroe  [a-roo'] :  see  Arroo. 

Arolas,  Juan  [a-ro'-lass],  Spanish  poet,  I.  762. 
Arolsen  [a'-role-zen],  town,  I.  762. 

Arom'ata  promonto'rium :  see  Cape  Guarda- 
fui. 

Aroos'took,  county,  I.  763. 

Arpad  [ar'-pad],  Magyar  national  hero,  I.  763. 
Arpdd  dynasty ,  IX.  55,  2  a. 

Arpent  [ar-pang],  I.  72,  2  c  (Acre). 

Ar'pi,  ancient  town,  YII.  301,  1  a. 

Arpin  [ar-pang],  count  of  Bourges,  II.  581,  1  c. 
Arpino  [ar-pe'-no],  town  of  Italy,  I.  763. 
Arpino,  Giuseppe  Cesari  d’ :  see  Cesari. 
Arpinum  :  see  Arpino. 

Arqua,  or  Arquata  [ar'-kwa,  ar-kwa'-ta],  vil¬ 
lage  of  Italy,  I.  763.  House  and  tomb  oi 
Petrarch,  1  c. 

Arquata :  see  Arqua. 

Arquebus ,  or  arquebuse,  XII.  97,  1  a  (ill.) ;  I. 
745,  2  a ;  735,  1  c.  Arquebus  and  serpent, 
XII.  97,  1  b  (ill.). 

Arquebuse  [ar'-kwe-bus] :  see  Arquebus  (Index). 


ARRABOXA 


ARTEMISIA 


51 


Arrabo'na ,  ancient  city,  XIY.  158,  1  b  (Raab). 

Arracan:  see  Abac  an. 

Arrack',  strong  spirituous  liquor,  I.  763. 
Made  from  rice,  XIY.  309,  2  be ;  from  palm 
wine,  XIII.  19,  2  c. 

Ar'ran,  island,  I.  763. 

Arran,  Isles  of,  I.  763.  Antiquities  of,  2  c. 

Arran,  Earl  of,  title  in  the  Scotch  peerage,  I. 
763.  James  Hamilton,  second  earl,  764,  1 
a ;  II.  423,  1  b.  James,  his  son,  I.  764, 1  ab. 
Irish  earldom  of,  1  b. 

Arran  of  the  Saints,  I.  763,  2  c  (Arran,  Isles 
of). 

Ar'ras  [Fr.  a-r&s],  city  of  France,  I.  764.  Ta¬ 
pestries  of,  2  c. 

Arras'tra,  in  gold  mining,  YIII.  84,  1  be. 

Arra wars',  or  Loko'no,  a  tribe  of  Guiana,  I. 
764 ;  XYI.  566,  2  c. 

Arrest',  in  law,  I.  764.  In  civil  cases,  2  ab; 
English  law,  ib. ;  in  the  United  States,  2  c; 
persons  exempted  from,  by  constitution,  765, 
1  ab ;  rules  relating  to  time  and  method  of, 
1  c;  release  from,  2  a.  In  criminal  cases,  2 
ab;  power  to  make  arrest,  2  b;  nature  of, 
766,  1  c;  degree  of  force  allowed,  2  a;  right 
of  search,  2  b. 

Arret  burlesque  [a-ra  bur-lesk],  Boileau’s  sa¬ 
tire,  II.  578,  1  b  (Bernier). 

Arretium:  see  Arezzo. 

Arrhenathe'rum  arena' ceum  (botany),  XII.  562, 
1  a. 

Arrhid^'us,  Philip,  king  of  Macedon,  I.  766. 

Ar'ria,  Roman  heroine,  I.  767. 

Arrian  (Flavius  Arrianus),  philosopher  and 
historian,  I.  767. 

Arriere  ban  [Fr.  a-re-air  b&ng],  II.  263, 1  a  (Ban). 

Arrivabene,  Giovanni,  count  [ar-re-va-ba'-na], 
economist,  I.  767. 

Arroo',  Arru,  or  Aroe  [a-roo'],  islands,  I.  767. 

Arrow-headed  inscriptions ,  Y.  570,  2  c  (Cunei¬ 
form  Inscriptions). 

Arrowing  of  sugar  cane,  XV.  445,  2  a. 

Arrowroot,  I.  767  (ills.).  Starch  granules 
of  West  India  arrowroot,  XV.  317,  2  c  (ill., 
318)  ;  of  Brazilian  arrowroot  (ill.),  318. 

Arrowwood,  XYI.  339,  1  c. 

Arru  [ar-roo'] :  see  Arroo. 

Ars  :  see  Ars-stjr-Moselle. 

Arsa'ces,  kings  of  Parthia,  XIII.  134,  2  c,  ff. 

Arsa' tides,  Parthian  dynasty,  XIII.  322,  2  a, 
134,  2  c;  Armenian,  I.  723,  2  c,  724,  1  b. 

Arsamas  :  see  Arzamas. 

Arsendimethyle,  IX.  733,  2  a  (Kakodyle). 

Ar'senic,  I.  768.  Metallic  properties,  1  b ; 


as  an  alloy,  2  a.  Arsenious  acid  or  white 
arsenic,  tests  for  detecting  its  presence, 
2  b;  manufacture  of,  769,  2  a;  injurious  to 
workmen,  2  be;  where  found  native,  2  c. 
Use  of  arsenious  acid  in  medicine,  770,  1  a ; 
361,  2  b;  YIII.  784,  1  be;  habitual  use  of 
by  peasants  of  Styria,  I.  770,  1  b.  Use  of  for 
criminal  poisoning,  1  be.  Antidotes,  1  c. 
Arsen' ical  iron,  I.  769,  2  c. 

Arse'nious  acid  (white  arsenic) :  see  Arsenic 
(Index). 

Arsinoe  [ar-sin'-o-e],  name  of  four  celebrated 
women,  I.  770. 

Arsinoe,  name  of  two  cities  in  Egypt,  I.  771. 
Ancient  monastery  near  one  of  them,  XI. 
728,  2  c.  Ancient  city  of  Cyprus,  YII.  78, 

1  b  ;  of  Egypt,  YII.  102,  2  b. 

Arsinoe,  daughter  of  Phegeus,  I.  263,  2  b. 
Arsin' oite  nome ,  ancient  Egypt,  YII.  102,  2  b. 
Ars  Lulliana,  logical  machine,  X.  713,  1  be. 
Ars  Magna,  Jerome  Cardan’s :  see  Algebra, 

I.  301,  2  c. 

Ars  Magna,  Raymond  Lully’s:  see  Ars  Lul¬ 
liana  (Index). 

Arson,  I.  771.  In  English  law,  1  c  ;  in  United 
States,  2  a. 

Ars-sur-Moselle  [ar-sur-mo-z81],  town,  I.  772. 
Art,  early  Christian,  XII.  795,  2  be.  Christian, 
works  on  :  see  Bock,  Franz. 

Art,  works  of,  saved  from  destruction  during 
the  first  French  revolution,  X.  341,  2  b 
(Lenoir,  Alexandre). 

Ar'ta,  Turkish  town,  I.  772.  See  Ambracia. 
Artaba'nus,  assassin  of  Xerxes,  I.  772. 
Artabanus  I.,  king  of  Parthia,  XIII.  135,  1  b. 

A.  II.,  2  b.  A.  IY.,  136,  2  c. 

Artaba'zus,  two  Persian  generals,  I.  772. 
Arta'bri,  an  ancient  people,  referred  to,  YII. 
566,  1  ab. 

Arta'ces,  or  Artaxias,  king  of  Armenia,  I.  723, 

2  c. 

Artax'ata,  ancient  city,  I.  773. 

Artaxerx'es,  name  of  three  kings  of  Persia, 
I.  773.  A.  Longimanus,  1  b.  A.  Mnemon, 
1  be.  A.  Ochus,  2  a. 

Artax'ias,  king  of  Armenia,  I.  723,  2  c ;  773, 1  a. 
Artedi  [ar-ta'-de],  (Peter,  l705-’35),  his  classi¬ 
fication  of  fishes,  IX.  159,  1  be. 
Artemido'rus  of  Ephesus,  geographer,  I.  773. 
Ar'temis  :  see  Diana. 

Artemisia  [ar-te-mish'-a],  queen  of  Halicar¬ 
nassus,  I.  773.  Wife  and  successor  of  Mau- 
solus,  2  b. 

Artemisia  (botany),  I.  773.  Yarious  species, 


52 


ARTEMISIUM 


ARYAN 


2  c.  A.  dracunculus,  ib.,  and  XV.  573,  2  a. 
A.  maritima  (var.  Stechmanniana),  XYI. 
730,  2  c  (ill.).  A.  absinthium,  731,  1  c  (ill.)  ; 
I.  34,  1  b. 

Artemisium,  I.  774.  Naval  battle  of  the 
Greeks  and  Persians,  1  a. 

Arte'mius  (Anastasius),  emperor,  I.  458,  1  c. 
Artemus  Ward ,  pseudonyme,  III.  344,  2  b. 
Arte'rial  valves,  VIII.  558,  1  a. 

Ar'tery,  I.  774.  Structure  of,  491,  1  c  (An¬ 
eurism).  See  Circulation,  IV.  606,  2  b; 
607,  2  b;  610,  1  a.  Twisting  of,  I.  442, 
1  c ;  first  introduced,  447,  1  c. 

Arte' sian  boring  tools,  I.  778  (ills.) ;  in  opera¬ 
tion  (ill.),  779,  1  a;  simplest  (ill.),  1  c ;  tools 
for  extracting  obstructions  (ill.),  2  a. 
Artesian  Wells,  I.  774  (ills.).  Origin  of  the 
name,  2  ab.  First  artesian  well,  X.  470,  2  a. 
Principle  of,  I.  775,  1  a ;  supply  from,  ib. ; 
increase  of  temperature  in,  1  b  ;  hot  springs, 
1  be.  Well  at  Grenelle,  2  a  ;  at  Passy,  2  b  ; 
at  Kissingen,  776,  1  a;  in  the  desert  of  Sa¬ 
hara,  ib. ;  at  Bourne,  Eng.,  1  b  ;  in  the  Con¬ 
tinental  hotel,  Philadelphia,  ib. ;  at  Point  of 
Rocks,  Wyo.,  1  be ;  in  the  Llano  Estacado, 

1  c ;  in  Alabama,  229,  2  b ;  at  St.  Louis,  776, 

2  a;  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  2  b;  at  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  ib. ;  at  Onarga,  Ill.,  777,  1  a;  Chicago 
wells,  lb;  in  New  York  city,  1  be.  Methods 
of  boring,  2  a ;  in  China,  2  ab ;  in  the  Penn¬ 
sylvania  oil  region,  2  be.  Accidents  in  bo¬ 
ring,  779,  1  c.  Drill  invented  by  Goulet- 
Collet,  2  b.  Negative  wells,  2  c. 

Arte velde,  Jacob  van  [ar'-teh-vel-deh],  Flem¬ 
ish  leader,  I.  780.  Philip  van,  1  c. 

Arthral' gia,  lead  (lead  poisoning),  X.  247,  1  c. 
Arthri'tis,  inflammation  of  the  joints,  I.  780. 
Arthrococ'cus ,  in  lacteous  fermentation,  VII. 
146,  1  a  (ill.). 

Arthur,  legendary  hero,  I.  781 ;  X.  138,  1  a. 
Arthur ,  duke  of  Brittany  (Prince  Arthur),  IX. 

648,  2  b  and  c ;  649,  1  a  and  b. 

Arthur,  Timothy  Shay,  author,  I.  781. 
Arthur,  William,  clergyman  and  author,  I.  781. 
Arthur  Dudley,  pseudonyme,  III.  480,  2  b. 
Arthur's  quoits :  see  Cromlech. 

Arthur's  round  table,  I.  781,  1  be;  III.  540, 
2  a  (ill.),  (Caerleon)  ;  XVI.  655,  2  c. 
Arthur's  Seat,  VI.  405,  1  c  (Edinburgh). 
Artiads  (chemical),  II.  89,  1  a;  IV.  371,  1  be; 

XI.  585,  1  b ;  XII.  479,  1  b. 

Ar'tichoke,  I.  781.  Globe  artichoke  (ill.), 
782.  Jerusalem  artichoke,  1  be  ;  tuber  (ill.), 
ib.  Canada  or  Virginia  potato,  1  c. 


Article,  Arabic,  I.  227,  2  a. 

Articles  of  Smalcald,  X.  728,  2  ab. 

Articula'ta,  I.  782 ;  IX.  325,  1  b,  2  a. 

Artie' ulates,  eyes  of,  VII.  47,  2  ab. 

Articulation  (anatomy),  I.  783  (ills.). 

Artificial  gems ,  VII.  664,  2  b ;  manufactory 
of,  665,  2  a. 

Artificial  horizon,  VIII.  816,  2  c. 

Artigas,  Jose  [ar-te'-gass],  South  American 
general,  I.  784. 

Artil'lery,  I.  784.  Illustrations :  early  Eng¬ 
lish  cannon,  785  ;  bombard,  ib. ;  mortar,  ib. ; 
Coehorn  mortar,  786 ;  gun  carriage,  789 ; 
Dahlgren  gun,  790;  thirteen-inch  mortar, 
791 ;  field  six-pounder  smooth-bore  bronze 
gun,  ib. ;  Armstrong  gun,  793 ;  Whitworth 
gun,  ib. ;  Krupp  gun,  794;  Rodman  gun, 
795;  Parrott  gun,  796;  Gatling  gun,  797. 

Artillerymen,  patron  saint  of,  II.  297,  2  b. 

Artillery  school ,  United  States,  XI.  538,  1  c ; 
XIII.  638,  1  a. 

Artiodactyles  [ar-te-o-dak'-tils],  (zoology),  I. 
797;  XVI.  Ill,  1  a. 

Artocar'jpus  Brazilien' sis  (botany),  III.  224,  1  c. 
A.  incisa,  234,  1  b.  A.  integrifolia,  1  b,  2  c. 

Artois  [ar-twa],  province,  I.  797.  Origin  of 
the  name :  see  Atrebates.  Count  of :  see 
Charles  X.  (of  France),  IV.  288,  1  a. 

Artot,  Joseph  [ar-to],  violinist,  I.  798. 

Artoxerxes :  see  Aetaxerxes. 

Art  unions,  held  to  be  lotteries,  X.  648,  2  a. 

Arugan',  East  Indian  deity,  IX.  508,  1  ab. 

Arukli  [a-rook'J  (dictionary),  of  Nathan  ben 
Jehiel,  referred  to,  IV.  231,  1  c  (Chaldee 
Language). 

A'rum  cordifo'lium  (botany),  VII.  807,  1  be. 
A.  esculentum,  VIII.  526,  2  b.  A.  macu- 
latum,  XVI.  422,  2  b. 

Arun'da :  see  Ronda. 

Ar'undel,  Thomas  Howard,  earl  of,  I.  798. 

Arundelian  Marbles  :  see  Arundel,  Thomas 
Howard. 

Arundell,  Blanch,  English  heroine,  I.  799. 

Arundel  society ,  I.  798,  2  c. 

Arundina'ria  macrosper'ma  (botany),  III.  701, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  XIII.  48,  1  b. 

Arun'do  phragmi'tes  (botany),  XIV.  240,  2  b. 

Ar'vad,  ancient  city,  I.  627,  2  be. 

Arvic'ola  (zoology),  XI.  311,  2  c.  A.  riparia,  ib. 

Arwidsson,  Adolf  Ivar  [ar'-vids-son],  Swedish 
poet,  I.  799. 

Arx,  citadel  of  Rome,  III.  756,  1  a. 

Aryan  languages  of  India,  IX.  216,  2  a. 

Ar'yan  Race  and  Language,  I.  799.  Deriva- 


ARYANS 


ASHBURTON 


53 


tion  of  the  term  Aryan,  1  be.  Principal 
branches,  1  c.  Proofs  of  relationship,  2  a, 
and  801,  2  b.  Primitive  structure  of  the  lan¬ 
guage,  799,  2  c ;  changes  in  structure,  800, 
1  c.  Original  Aryan  race,  2  b,  and  VII. 
737,  1  c;  dispersion  and  migration,  I.  801, 
1  b ;  grade  of  kinship  between  different 
branches,  1  be ;  subordinate  branches,  1  c ; 
supplanting  of  other  races,  2  a;  mixture 
with  aboriginal  races,  ib.  Evidence  of  a 
unity  of  race  and  language  among  the  differ¬ 
ent  branches,  2  b.  Historical  importance 
of  the  Aryans,  2  c. 

Aryans  in  India ,  IX.  213,  1  c,  ff. 

Aryballos ,  Egyptian  (ill.),  XIII.  779. 
Aryo-Romanic  race ,  VI.  759,  2  b. 

AnzAcnEL,  Abraham  [ar-tha-chail'],  Jewish 
astronomer  of  Spain,  I.  802. 

Arzamas',  or  Arsamas,  Russian  town,  I.  802. 
As,  Roman  weight  and  coin,  I.  802 ;  XI.  738, 1  a. 
As,  or  Asa,  mythical,  I.  802 ;  XII.  120,  1  a. 
A'sa,  king  of  Judah,  I.  802 ;  VIII.  588,  2  a. 
Asabs,  sections  of  the  Koran,  X.  45,  1  a. 
Asafcetida  [as-a-fet'-e-da],  I.  802  (ill.). 

A'saph,  a  Levite  and  psalmist,  I.  802.  “  Chil¬ 

dren  of  Asaph,”  2  b. 

As'apJius  cauda'tus  (zoology),  XV.  868,  2  ab. 
Asa  race ,  in  northern  mythology,  XII.  120, 1  a. 
Asaradi'nus ,  in  Ptolemy’s  Canon,  VI.  723,  1  c 
(Esarhaddon). 

As'arum  (botany),  XV.  130,  2  c.  A.  Cana- 
dense,  ib.  (ill.,  131). 

Asben,  in  Africa :  see  Air  (oasis). 

Asbes'tus,  mineral,  I.  802 ;  VIII.  821,  1  b. 
As'bury,  Francis,  Methodist  bishop,  I.  803; 
XI.  454,  2  b,  ff. 

Ascilabo'tce  (zoology),  VII.  656,  1  a. 
AscaJabotes  (zoology),  of  Aristotle,  VII.  656, 
1  c. 

As'calon,  city  of  Philistia,  I.  803. 

Ascarides  [as-kar'-e-deez],  (entozoa),  I.  803; 
VI.  668,  1  c. 

As’caris  lumbricoi'des  (entozoa),  I.  804,  1  a; 

VI.  668,  1  c  (ill.,  2  b).  A.  vermicularis,  I. 
804,  la;  VI.  669,  1  a  (ill.). 

Ascen'sion,  parish  of  Louisiana,  I.  804. 
Ascension ,  right  (astronomy),  how  found,  XV. 

843,  1  a;  845,  1  a. 

Ascension  Day,  I.  804. 

Ascension  Island,  S.  Atlantic  ocean,  I.  804. 
Ascensions ,  balloon,  for  scientific  purposes :  see 
Aeronautics,  I.  147,  1  a,  and  Gay-Lussac, 

VII.  653,  1  b. 

Ascensius,  II.  213,  2  a  (Badius). 


Asceticism :  see  Monaciiism.  Hindoo,  IX.  227, 
1  c. 

Ascetics ,  XI.  728,  2  ab. 

Asch  [ash],  town  of  Bohemia,  I.  804. 

Aschaffenburg  [a-shaf'-fen-boorg],  city  of  Ba¬ 
varia,  I.  804. 

Ascham,  Roger  [as'-kam],  scholar,  I.  804.  In¬ 
structor  of  Elizabeth,  afterward  queen,  in 
Greek  and  Latin,  VI.  531,  1  b. 

Aschersleben  [ash'-erce-la-ben],  Prussian  town, 
I.  804. 

Asci  (botany),  of  fungi,  VII.  529,  1  c,  and  532, 
1  ab ;  of  lichens,  X.  409,  1  c. 

Ascid'ia  (botany),  X.  267,  1  c ;  XIII.  547,  1  c. 

Ascidians  :  see  Molluscoids,  XI.  724,  2  c. 

Ascites  [as-si'-teez],  VI.  266,  1  b  (Dropsy). 

Asclepi' adee,  or  Asclepiades,  race  of,  I.  153, 
1  a;  XI.  346,  1  b;  XV.  485,  2  b. 

Asclepiades  [as-kle-pi'-a-deez],  Greek  physi¬ 
cian,  I.  805.  His  treatment  of  insanity,  IX. 
297,  1  b. 

Ascle'pias  (botany),  XI.  545.  A.  Cornuti,  546, 
1  a  (ill.,  545).  A.  variegata,  546,  1  a  (ill.). 
A.  gigantea  vel  procera,  I.  601,  1  c. 

Ascoli  [as'-ko-le],  city  of  Italy,  I.  805.  As- 
coli  Piceno  [pe-cha'-no],  province,  1  b.  As¬ 
coli  di  Satriano  [de  sa-tre-a'-no],  town,  ib. 

Ascomyce'tes,  order  of  fungi,  VII.  532,  1  ab. 

As'cot  Heath,  race  course,  I.  805.  Annual 
meeting,  1  c. 

Ascotricha  [as-ko-tri'-ka],  fungus,  XI.  535,  2  a. 

As' cough :  see  Askew. 

As'culum  Apu'lum ,  ancient  town,  I.  805,  1  b 
(Ascoli). 

Asdrubal :  see  IIasdrubal. 

Aselli,  or  Asellio,  Gasparo  [a-sel'-le,  -le-o], 
Italian  anatomist,  I.  805. 

Asfi  [as'-fe] :  see  Saffi. 

As'gard,  XII.  120,  1  a  (Mythology). 

Asgill,  John  [as'-ghil],  English  lawyer  and 
writer,  I.  805. 

Ash,  forest  tree,  I.  805.  Genera  and  species 
of,  1  c,  ff.  Mountain  ash  (ill.),  806, 1  c.  Oak¬ 
leaved  mountain  ash  (ill.),  2  b. 

Ash,  John,  English  clergyman,  I.  807. 

Ash  of  plants ,  constituents  of,  I.  194,  1  c,  2  a. 

Ashangi  [a-shan'-ghe],  lake  of  Abyssinia,  I. 
167,  2  b. 

Ashantee',  a  savage  kingdom  of  Africa,  I.  807. 

Ash  beds  (of  copper  ore),  V.  323,  1  c. 

Asii'burton,  Alexander  Baring,  baron,  I.  807. 
Ashburton  treaty,  2  c.  William  Bingham 
Baring,  Lord  Ashburton,  808,  1  ab.  Fran¬ 
cis,  ib.  Alexander  Hugh,  ib. 


54 


ASHBURTON 


ASPINWALL 


Ashburton ,  Lord:  see  Dunning,  John,  YI. 
318. 

Ashby  de  la  Zouch  [ash'-be  del-a  zoosb], 
town  of  England,  I.  808.  Remains  of  castle 
in  which  Queen  Mary  was  imprisoned,  1  b. 

Ash'dod,  city  of  Palestine,  I.  808. 

Ashe,  county,  I.  808. 

Ashe,  John,  revolutionary  officer,  I.  808. 

Asher,  I.  808.  Tribe  of,  2  b. 

Ash' era ,  or  Asherah,  a  goddess,  II.  7,  1  b  ; 
XII.  109,  2  a ;  XIII.  420,  1  a. 

Ashes,  II.  5.  Shower  of  (volcanic),  2  c.  Vol¬ 
canic  ash,  6,  1  b.  Hardwood  ashes,  tendency 
to  ignite  in  heaps,  Y.  138, 1  b  (Spontaneous 
Combustion). 

Ashford,  town  of  England,  II.  6. 

Ashkenazim ,  division  of  Jews,  IX.  619,  1  ab. 

Ash'land,  two  counties,  II.  6. 

Ashley,  county,  II.  6. 

Ashley ,  Baron :  see  Shaftesbury,  XI Y.  808, 2  b. 

Ashley  river ,  IY.  314,  1  b. 

Ashley's  ferry ,  XYI.  12,  1  c  (Troy). 

Ashmogh ,  the  two-forked,  in  Persian  demon¬ 
ology,  Y.  793,  2  c. 

Ashmole,  Elias,  English  antiquary,  II.  6. 

Ashmo'lean  museum ,  XII.  763,  2  a.  See  Asn- 
mole,  Elias. 

Ash'mun,  Jehudi,  II.  6.  See  Colonization 
Society,  Y.  91,  2  b. 

Ashod ,  or  Ashot,  name  of  two  kings  (Armenia 
and  Georgia),  II.  217,  1  c. 

Ashtabu'la,  county,  II.  7. 

Ashtaroth :  see  Ashtoreth. 

Ashteroth  Karnaim ,  Semitic  goddess,  XII.  118, 

1  a.  City  of  Palestine,  II.  7,  1  c. 

Ashton-under-Lyne,  town  of  England,  II.  7. 

Ash'toreth,  Semitic  goddess,  II.  7.  Phoeni¬ 
cian  representations  of,  1  b. 

Ash  Wednesday,  in  the  church  calendar,  II.  7. 

Asia  [a'-sha],  II.  7.  (Map.)  Extent  and  con¬ 
formation,  1  a.  Mountain  ranges,  8, 1  a.  Sur¬ 
face,  2  b.  Hydrography,  9,  1  c.  Deserts,  10, 

2  a.  Climate,  2  b.  Minerals,  11, 1  ab.  Volca¬ 
noes,  1  be.  Flora,  1  c.  Zoology,  12,  1  c. 
Population,  13, 1  b.  Religions,  2  a.  Political 
institutions,  2  b;  divisions,  14,  1  a.  Cradle 
of  the  race,  of  the  great  religious  move¬ 
ments,  and  of  empires,  1  b.  History,  ik. 

Asiago  [a-se-4'-go],  town  of  Italy,  II.  16. 

Asia  Minor,  IT.  16.  Map  of  ancient  Asia 
Minor,  ib.  Boundaries,  1  a.  Physical  fea¬ 
tures,  ib.  Climate,  1  c.  Early  inhabitants, 
ib.  Divisions,  2  c.  History,  17,  1  be. 

Asiat'ic  society  of  Bengal,  IX.  681,  1  ab. 


As'ilus  (entomology),  YI.  129,  2  c. 

Asim'ina  trilo'ba  (botany),  XIII.  44,  1  a  (ills.). 

Asinais,  Indian  tribe,  II.  17. 

Asinel'li ,  the  (leaning  tower  of  Bologna),  III. 
18,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  661,  2  b. 

As'inus  (zoology):  see  Ass, Quagga,  and  Zebra. 

Asis'ium :  see  Assisi. 

As'kew,  Ascough,  or  Ayscough,  Anne,  English 
Protestant  lady  and  martyr,  II.  17. 

Askew ,  bibliomaniac,  II.  622,  1  be. 

Asmannshausen  [ass'-mance-how-zen],  Prus¬ 
sian  village,  II.  17.  Wine  of,  2  c,  and  VII. 
774,  2  a. 

AsMODiE'us,  or  Asmodi,  evil  demon,  II.  17. 

Asmo'di :  see  Asmod^eus. 

Asmone'ans,  or  Hasmoneans,  Jewish  priestly 
and  princely  family,  II.  17.  Last  of  the  As- 
monean  princes,  I.  563,  2  a. 

Asmus  [ass'-moos] :  see  Claudius,  Matthias. 

Asnieres  [a-nyair],  village  of  France,  II.  18. 

Aso'pus,  two  rivers,  II.  18.  River  god,  1  b. 

Asp,  II.  18  (ill.).  Asp  of  Cleopatra,  1  c,  and 
XYI.  368,  1  c-2  a. 

Aspada'na :  see  Ispahan. 

As'par ,  Byzantine  minister,  and  Arian  leader,, 
X.  349,  2  c;  350,  1  a. 

Aspar'agus,  II.  18  (ill.).  Culture,  19,  1  b. 

Asparasas  [as-pa-ra'-sas],  in  Hindoo  mythology^ 
IX.  224,  2  b. 

Aspa'sia,  II.  19.  Her  relation  to  Pericles,  1  c. 

Aspasi'acce ,  Scythian  tribe,  IX.  821,  1  b. 

As'pen:  see  Poplar,  XIII.  712,  1  b;  713,  1  be. 

Aspergil'lus ,  fungus,  VII.  532,  2  a. 

As'pern  and  Ess'ling,  II.  19.  Battle  of,  2  b. 
Duke  of  Essling  (Massena),  2  c. 

Asphalt' :  see  Asphaltum,  and  Pavement, 
XIII.  193,  1  b,  ff.  Mastic  of,  2  ab.  Asphalt 
mixture,  194,  1  a. 

Asphal'tene ,  II.  20,  1  a  (Asphaltum). 

Asphalti'tes  La'cus  :  see  Dead  Sea. 

Asphal'tum,  or  Asphalt,  II.  19.  Artificial 
asphaltum,  20,  2  be. 

As'pnoDEL,  ornamental  plant,  II.  21  (ill.). 

Asphode'lus  (botany),  II.  21,  1  a.  A.  luteus, 
ib.  A.  ramosus  (ill.),  1  b. 

Aspnvx'iA,  imperfect  or  suspended  respiration, 
II.  21.  In  medical  jurisprudence,  XI.  340, 
1  be,  2  a;  341,  1  b  and  c.  Heat  or  solar 
asphyxia:  see  Sunstroke. 

Aspidis' cina,  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 

Aspid'ium  filix-mas  (botany),  XI.  63,  2  b. 

Aspidonec'tes  (zoology),  XY.  810,  2  a. 

Aspidorhyn' chus ,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  2  a  (ill.). 

As'pinwall,  or  Colon,  city  of  Colombia,  II.  21. 


ASPIRATION 


ASSWAN 


55 


Aspiration ,  an  operation  in  heart  disease,  VIII. 
561,  2  b. 

Asp'land,  Robert,  clergyman,  II.  21. 

Asple'nium  (botany),  VII.  150,  2  b.  A.  luci- 
dum  (ill.),  161,  2  c.  A.  rhizophyllum,  XVI. 
430,  2  ab. 

Aspra  Spitia ,  site  of  Anticyra,  I.  560,  1  b. 

Aspre'do,  fish,  mode  of  batching  its  eggs,  VII. 
239,  2  b. 

Aspromon'te,  mountain  in  Italy,  II.  22.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  ib. 

Aspropot'amo  :  see  Achelous. 

Ass,  II.  22.  Wild  ass,  1  b  (ill.).  Domestic 
do.,  1  c,  ft  (ill.).  White  asses,  supposed  an¬ 
cient  breed,  2  ab.  Hybrids,  23,  1  a.  Mule 
and  hinny,  1  b. 

Assab',  or  Saba,  bay  of  the  Red  sea,  II.  23. 

As'sdbet ,  river,  VIII.  535,  2  c;  536,  1  a. 

Assam',  province  of  British  India,  II.  23.  As¬ 
sam  tea  company,  2  b. 

Assami  [as-sa-me'],  or  Assamese  language,  IX. 
216,  2  c;  218,  1  a. 

Assas'sins,  secret  political  society,  II.  24. 
Origin  of  the  name,  2  c.  Existing  remnants 
of,  26,  1  a. 

Assault',  in  law,  II.  26.  Aggravated,  2  b. 

Assaye,  or  Assye  [as-sl'],  village  of  Hindostan, 
battle  at,  II.  26. 

Assaying  (chemistry),  II.  26.  Wet  method, 
28,  1  c. 

Ass  between  two  bundles  of  hay  (logical  impo¬ 
tence  of  the  will) :  see  Buridan,  III.  455. 

Asselyn,  Jan  [as'-seh-line],  painter,  surnamed 
Krabbetje,  II.  29. 

Assemani  [as-sa-ma'-ne],  name  of  a  family  of 
orientalists,  II.  29.  Joseph  Simon,  2  b. 
Stephan  Evodius,  2  be.  Joseph  Aloysius, 
2  c.  Simon,  30,  1  a. 

Assembly  of  notables  (France),  VII.  384,  2  c  ; 
XV.  324,  1  b. 

As'sen,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  II.  30. 

Asser,  or  Asserius  Menevensis,  monk,  II.  30. 

Asser ,  M.,  his  transfer  process  in  lithography, 
X.  529,  1  ab. 

Asse’rius  Meneven'sis :  see  Asser. 

Asses ,  feast  of  IV.  554,  1  a. 

Assessments,  local  taxes,  XV.  590,  1  a. 

As'sets ,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  2  a. 

As'shur ,  son  of  Shem,  II.  33,  1  c.  Assyrian 
deity,  33,  2  a ;  36,  2  c.  Ancient  city,  34, 1  a. 

Asshur-akh-iddin,  of  the  Assyrian  inscriptions, 
VI.  723,  1  c. 

Asshur-bani-pal  (Sardanapalus  ?),  II.  36,  1  c, 
2  a.  Cuneiform  inscriptions  relating  to,  V. 


576,  2  c  (ill.,  577).  Referred  to,  XIV.  631, 

1  ab. 

Asshur-emit-ilin,  II.  36,  2  b ;  XIV.  631,  1  ab 
(Sardanapalus). 

Asshur-idanni-pal  (Sardanapalus),  II.  33,  2  c ; 
34,  1  c. 

Asshur-izir-pal ,  II.  34,  1  be. 

Asshur-likhish ,  XIV.  631,  1  b. 
Asshur-lukh-khush ,  XIV.  631,  1  b. 
Asshur-lush,  XIV.  631,  1  b. 

Asshur-nasir-pal ,  II.  34,  1  be. 
Asshur-tanagbal,  XIV.  631,  1  b. 

Asside'ans ,  Jewish  party,  XIII.  381,  2  b. 
Assien'to,  name  of  treaties  respecting  the 
slave  trade,  II.  30. 

Assignations,  Russian  paper  money,  II.  30. 
Assignats  [as-se-nya],  French  revolutionary 
paper  currency,  II.  30  (ill.). 

Assignment,  in  law,  II.  31.  Underlease,  1  ab ; 
X.  269,  2  b. 

“  Assigns  ”  not  necessary  to  be  added  in  a  deed , 
VII.  108,  2  be. 

Assimilation ,  in  digestion,  VI.  104,  2  a. 
As'sing,  Rosa  Maria,  poetess,  II.  31.  Ludmilla, 
her  daughter,  1  c. 

Assiniboi'a ,  territory,  XI.  114,  2  a. 
Assin'iboin,  river,  II.  31. 

Assiniboins,  tribe  of  Indians,  II.  31  ;  XII.  503, 

2  a.  Red  Stone  do.,  II.  32,  1  a. 
Assinipicalak ,  Algonquin  name  of  the  Assini¬ 
boins,  II.  31,  2  c. 

Assises  de  Jerusalem  [as-seez  duh  zha-ru-za- 
laim],  feudal  code,  XIV.  232,  1  c. 

Assisi  [as-se'-ze],  town  of  Italy,  II.  32. 

Assisi,  Andrea  di :  see  Luigi,  Andrea  di. 
Assistances,  of  the  order  of  Jesuits,  IX.  627, 
1  c. 

Assistants:  see  Connecticut,  V.  260,  2  c; 
261,  2  a. 

Assize',  II.  32.  Writ  of  (or  writ  of  right), 
1  b.  Assize  of  bread,  2  b.  Assizes  of  Jeru¬ 
salem,  2  be. 

Association,  Fourier’s  plan  of,  VII.  354,  2  a* 
Assuan:  see  Asswan. 

Assuay  :  see  Asuay. 

Assump'sit,  in  law,  II.  32. 

Assumption,  festival  of  the,  II.  33. 
Assumption,  parish  of  Louisiana,  II.  33. 
Assumption,  city :  see  Asuncion. 

Assumption,  island,  Ladrone  group,  II.  33. 
Assurance  :  see  Insurance. 

Assur-nirari,  XIV.  631,  1  b  (Sardanapalus). 
Asswan,  or  Assuan  [as-swan'J,  town  of  Egypt, 
II.  33. 


56 


ASSYE 


ASYLUM 


Assye:  see  Assaye.  I 

Assye'ia,  II.  33.  In  its  earlier  limited  sense, 

2  a;  later  and  widest  extent,  2  ab.  Chro¬ 
nology  of  Berosus,  2  b.  Legends,  2  c.  Old¬ 
est  native  document,  ib.  ;  historical  devel¬ 
opment  from  this  and  other  sources,  34,  1  a. 
Assyrian  race,  36,  2  a ;  scientific  eminence, 
37,  1  c.  Assyrian  religion  and  divinities, 
36,  2  c. 

As'tacus  fluviati'lis  (zoology),  Y.  463,  2  c;  ill., 
464.  A.  affinis,  2  b.  A.  Bartonii,  ib. 

As'ta  Pompeia  [pom-pe'-ya] :  see  Asti. 

Asta  Pegia ,  ancient  city,  IX.  606,  2  ab. 

Astar'te:  see  Asiitoreth,  and  XII.  118,  1  a. 

Astasice'a ,  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 

Astat'ic  galvanom'eter ,  VII.  593,  lb  (ill.). 

Astatic  needle ,  in  galvanism,  YII.  593,  1  a. 

As'ter  (botany),  II.  37.  China  aster,  2  a,  38, 

1  a  (ill.,  37). 

Aster,  Ernst  Ludwig  von,  military  engineer, 
II.  38.  Karl  Heinrich  von,  soldier  and  au¬ 
thor,  1  c. 

Asterabad  :  see  Astrabad. 

Aste'ria,  island,  Y.  783,  2  ab. 

Aste'rias  :  see  Star  Fish. 

Asterias ,  caterpillar,  IY.  106,  1  b  (ill.). 

As'teroids,  II.  38.  Number  of,  2  c.  See 
Planet,  XIII.  569,  1  a,  2  a;  571,  2  a.  Dis¬ 
coveries  of  by  Hind,  VIII.  737,  2  b;  by 
Peters,  XIII.  356,  1  b ;  by  Watson,  XVI. 

2  b.  Leverrier’s  theory  of  their  distribution 
and  mass,,X.  379,  2  c. 

AsteroVepis,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  2  b. 

Astoma  [ast'-ma  or  az'-ma],  difficulty  of  respi¬ 
ration,  II.  39.  Treatment  of,  2  b. 

Asti  [as'-te],  city  of  Italy,  II.  39.  Eepublic 
of,  ib.  Wine  of,  IX.  467,  2  c. 

Astie,  Jean  Frederic  [as-tya],  author,  II.  39. 

Astig'matism  (of  the  eye),  XV.  237,  1  c. 

AstiVbe  Japon'ica  (botany),  XV.  275,  1  b. 

Ast'ley,  Philip,  equestrian,  II.  39. 

Astol'phtts,  king  of  the  Lombards,  II.  40. 

As'toma  grylla'ria  (entomology),  XIV.  374, 1  b. 

Astor,  John  Jacob,  II.  40.  His  operations  in 
the  fur  trade,  1  be  VII.  536,  1  a.  See  As¬ 
tor  Library. 

Astor ,  William  B. :  see  Astor  Library. 

Astor'ga,  city  of  Spain,  II.  40. 

Astorga,  Emmanuele  d1,  composer,  II.  40. 

Asto'eia,  town  of  Oregon,  II.  40. 

Astoria ,  Long  Island,  X.  626,  2  c. 

Astor  Library,  II.  41. 

Astor  place  riots ,  X.  807,  2  b.  Referred  to, 
VII.  323,  2  a ;  XII.  408,  1  b. 


Astrabad',  province,  II.  41.  Town,  2  c. 
Astrachan :  see  Astrakhan. 

Astr^e'a,  genus  of  radiates,  II.  42.  A.  pallida, 

V.  339,  2  c  (ill.).  Astrsea  dome,  340,  2  ab. 
Astrag'alus  or  cockal  bone ,  VIII.  825,  2  ab. 
Astrakhan',  province,  II.  42.  Town,  1  c. 
Astrakhanides  [as-tra-ka'-nidz],  central  Asian 

dynasty,  II.  799,  2  b. 

Astrakhan  lamb ,  fur  of,  VII.  539,  2  b.  Its 
paws  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  tail  of  the 
ermine,  537,  1  c. 

Astrakhans ,  skins,  VI.  776,  2  c. 

Astral  lamp ,  X.  129,  1  c. 

Astral  light ,  X.  846,  2  a  (Magic). 
Astringents,  II.  42. 

Astrol'ogy,  II.  42.  Its  early  development, 
43,  1  a.  Method  of  procedure,  1  b. 
Astronom' ical  day :  see  Day. 

Astronomical  tables ,  of  Alfonso  X.,  I.  296,  1  c. 
Astron'omy,  II.  43.  Chaldean,  2  a ;  Indian, 
2  ab ;  Egyptian,  2  b ;  Chinese,  44, 1  a;  Greek, 
1  b ;  Alexandrian,  1  c ;  Ptolemaic,  2  a ; 
Arabian,  2  b ;  European,  ib.  Kepler’s  laws, 
45,  1  ab.  Spectroscopic  analysis,  46,  2  c. 
Astroph'  yton  (ichthyology),  XII.  644,  1  b.  A. 
Agassizii  (ill.),  ib. 

Astruc,  Jean  [as-triik],  physician  and  author, 
II.  47. 

Astulphus:  see  Astolphus. 

Astuniga ,  Lope  de  [as-too'-nye-ga] :  see  NuSez, 
Fern  an. 

As'tur  (ornithology),  VIII.  121,  2  a.  A.  atri- 
capillus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Asturias  [as-too'-re-ass],  former  province  of 
Spain,  II.  47.  Kingdom  of,  48, 1  a.  Prince 
of  (title),  1  ab. 

Astu'rica  Angus' ta :  see  Astorga. 

As'ty ,  upper  town  of  Athens,  II.  59,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Astyages  [as-tl'-a-jeez],  last  king  of  Media, 
II.  48. 

Asuay,  or  Azuay  [a-swl'],  department  of  Ecua¬ 
dor,  II.  48.  Desert  of,  1  b. 

Asuncion  [a-soon-the-oan'],  or  Assumption, 
capital  of  Paraguay,  II.  48  (ill.). 

Asurabac'ca ,  plant,  XV.  131,  1  a. 

Asuras ,  the  [a-soo'-ras],  in  Buddhism,  II.  159, 
1  b;  V.  793,  2  a;  IX.  224,  1  a;  226,  2  a. 
In  the  Persian  system,  V.  793,  2  b. 

Asy'lum,  II.  49.  In  heathen  temples,  1  ab  ; 

VI.  678,  1  c.  In  Christian  churches,  con¬ 
vents,  &c.,  II.  49, 1  be.  Restrictions  of,  1  c. 
Sanctuary,  right  of,  2  a.  Right  of,  possessed 
by  ambassadors,  papal  attempts  to  curtail, 
IX.  289, 1  b,  2  a. 


ASYMPTOTE 


ATHENS 


57 


As'ymptote,  in  mathematics,  II.  49. 

Atacama  [a-ta-ka'-ma],  department  of  Bolivia, 
II.  49.  Province  of  Chili,  2  c.  Desert  of, 
ib .,  and  50,  1  a;  IV.  425,  1  be;  42G,  1  be. 

Atac'amite ,  mineral,  IY.  501,  2  a;  Y.  319,  2  a. 

Ataci'nus:  see  Yarro,  Publius  Terentius. 

Atahuallpa,  or  Atabalipa  [a-ta-wal'-pa,  -ba- 
le'-pa],  inca  of  Peru,  II.  50 ;  III.  559,  1  a. 

Atalan'ta,  mythical,  II.  50. 

Atar'gatis ,  goddess,  XII.  117,  2  be;  118,  1  be. 

Atasco'sa,  county,  II.  50. 

Atauai  [a-tow'-I],  Hawaiian  Islands :  see 
Kauai. 

Ataul'phus,  or  Ataulf,  king  of  the  Yisigoths, 
II.  50. 

Atax'ia ,  progressive  locomotor ,  XY.  270,  1  c. 

Atayde,  Catarina  de  [a-tl'-da],  III.  658,  1  b 
(Camoens). 

Atbara  [at-ba'-ra],  river :  see  Nile,  XII.  449, 
2  ab. 

Atciiafalaya  [atch-a-fa-ll'-ya],  river  and  ba¬ 
you,  II.  51. 

Atchison,  two  counties,  II.  51. 

Atchison,  city,  II.  51. 

Atchison,  David  R.,  II.  51 ;  IX.  755,  1  a. 

A'te,  Greek  divinity,  II.  51 ;  Y.  794,  1  c. 

Ateles  [at'-e-leez],  (zoology),  XI.  750,  2  c. 

Atel'la,  ancient  town,  II.  51.  Atellanaa  fabu- 
lae  (ludi  Osci),  2  c. 

Atends:  see  Atnahs. 

Atesh'gahs ,  shrines  of  the  Guebres,  II.  230, 
2  a. 

Ates'te:  see  Este. 

Ateuchus  [a-tu'-kus],  (zoology),  XIY.  663,  2  c. 
A.  iEgyptiorum,  664,  1  a  (ill.). 

Atii,  or  H£th  [at],  city  of  Belgium,  II.  50. 

Athabas'ca,  or  Athapescow,  lake,  II.  52.  Riv¬ 
er,  1  be ;  X.  791,  1  c. 

Athabascas,  family  of  American  Indians,  II. 
52. 

Atha  ben  IIakem  [a'-ta  ben  ha'-kem],  or  Al- 
kakem  ibn  Atta,  II.  51.  Mokanna,  the  veiled 
prophet  of  Moore’s  poem,  52,  1  a. 

Athal'aric ,  king  of  the  Ostrogoths,  I.  374,  1  a; 
IX.  728,  1  a. 

Athali'ah,  queen  of  Judah,  II.  52. 

Ara'AMAS,  in  Greek  legends,  II.  52 ;  IX.  437, 
2  b. 

Atha  Melik,  Ala  ed-Din  [a'-ta  ma'-lik],  Per¬ 
sian  historian  and  statesman,  II.  52. 

Athana'sian  Creed,  II.  52. 

Athanasius,  Saint,  II.  53.  On  monachism,  XI. 
729,  2  a. 

Athapescow:  see  Athabasca. 


JEtheling  [etli'-e-ling] :  see  Anglo-Saxons,  I. 
499,  2  ab,  c.  « 

A’theist ,  the,  surname  of  Aetius,  I.  154,  2  c. 
Ath'elney,  Isle  of,  II.  53 ;  III.  282,  1  a. 
Athelstan,  first  who  called  himself  king  of 
the  English,  II.  53.  Crowned  king  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  2  c.  His  encouragement  of 
commerce  and  learning,  54,  1  a.  His  mint 
and  currency  regulations,  XI.  616,  1  c,  and 
738,  1  c. 

Athe'na  :  see  Minerva. 

Athence'um ,  the ,  club,  London,  X.  607,  2  c. 
Periodical,  YI.  109,  2  b,  110,  1  a;  XIII. 
295,  2  c. 

Athen^eus,  Greek  writer,  II.  54. 
Athenag'oras,  Greek  philosopher,  II.  54. 
Athena' is :  see  Eudocia,  YI.  770,  2  c,  and 
Athens,  II.  57,  1  c. 

Athe'na  Prom'achus ,  statue  of,  II.  64,  1  b; 
XIII.  387,  2  c. 

Athena  Pronce'a ,  temple  of,  Y.  785,  2  c. 
Athe'ne  (ornithology),  XII.  755,  1  c.  A.  cuni- 
cularia,  2  a  (ill.).  A.  hypogsea,  ib. 

Athenian  criminal  code ,  III.  754,  1  c,  ff. ;  legis¬ 
lation  and  judicial  procedure,  Y.  6,  1  a. 

“  Athenian  Letters see  Yorke,  Charles. 
Atheni'noe ,  bird  owls,  XII.  755,  1  b. 

Ath'ens,  II.  54.  Name,  2  b.  Early  legends 
and  history,  2  a.  Constitution  of  Solon,  55, 

1  b  ;  reorganization  by  Clisthenes,  2  a.  Mili¬ 
tary  organization  and  troops,  2  b;  I.  738, 

2  a,  and  739,  1  c.  Athenian  hegemony  after 
the  Persian  war,  II.  55,  2  c.  Defences,  56, 

1  a.  Spartan  and  Theban  supremacy  after 
the  Peloponnesian  war,  1  c;  YIII.  195, 1  b; 
thirty  tyrants,  ib.  Macedonian  period,  II. 
56,  2  a.  Under  the  Romans,  57, 1  a.  Estab¬ 
lishment  of  Christianity,  1  c.  Frankish  rule, 

2  a.  Turkish  conquest,  2  b.  War  of  inde¬ 
pendence,  58,  1  a. — General  description  of 
ancient  Athens,  2  c,  ff.  Ancient  population, 
64,  lb;  government,  1  c ;  religion,  2  be ; 
private  life,  2  c.  Modern  Athens,  65,  2  c. 
Illustrations :  Plan  of  Athens  and  the  port 
towns,  59 ;  plan  of  ancient  Athens,  60 ; 
present  appearance  of  the  Theseum,  ib. ;  the 
Acropolis  at  the  present  day,  61 ;  ground 
plan  of  it,  ib. ;  ruins  of  the  Propylsea,  62 ; 
portico  of  the  Erechtheum,  ib. ;  ruins  of  it, 
ib. ;  ruins  of  the  Parthenon,  63 ;  general 
view  of  modern  Athens,  65. 

Athens,  county,  II.  66. 

Athens,  city  of  Georgia,  II.  66. 

Athens ,  so-called  duke  of,  I.  483,  2  b. 


58 


ATHENS 


ATROPOS 


Athens ,  the  northern:  see  Weimae. 

Athens ,  'plague  of,  VIII.  192,  1  c. 

Atheri'na  (ichthyology),  XV.  57,  2  ab.  A. 
notata,  ib.  (ill.). 

Ather'manous  bodies ,  VI.  80,  2  c. 

Athermic  bands ,  in  the  spectrum,  XV.  246, 1  b. 

Atheeton,  Charles  G.  [aif^'-er-tun],  II.  G6. 
See  Gag  rule  (Index). 

Athias,  Joseph  [a-te'-as],  Jewish  printer,  II.  66. 

Athinganians,  Christian  sect,  VIII.  54,  2  c. 

Athlone',  town  of  Ireland,  II.  67. 

ATn'oL,  Athole,  or  Atholl,  district  of  Scotland, 
II.  67.  Pass  of  Killiecrankie,  1  b. 

Athor,  or  Hathor,  Egyptian  goddess,  II.  7, 

1  b.  Temple  of,  VI.  7,  1  c  (ill.). 

Ath'os,  peninsula,  II.  67  (ill.).  Remains  of 
Xerxes’s  canal,  1  c.  Monasteries  of,  ib. 

Athtar,  Himyarite  deity,  XII.  117,  2  a. 

Atinga  (ichthyology),  XIV.  788,  2  c. 

Atirhagenratha ,  Indian  tribe,  II.  96,  1  a. 

Atitan  :  see  Atitlan. 

Atitlan  [a-te-tlan'],  lake,  II.  67. 

At'kinson,  Thomas  Witlam,  artist  and  trav¬ 
eller,  II.  67. 

Atlan'ta,  city  of  Georgia,  II.  68.  Capture  of 
by  Sherman’s  troops,  2  a. 

Atlantic,  county,  II.  68. 

Atlantic  Ocean,  II.  68.  Geographical  de¬ 
scription,  69,  1  a.  Depth,  and  figure  of  the 
bottom,  2  a ;  first  series  of  deep-sea  sound¬ 
ings,  70,  1  a.  Constitution  of  the  ocean  bed, 
71,  1  c.  Currents,  72,  2  a;  their  cause,  73, 

2  b.  Gulf  stream,  72,  2  b ;  74,  1  b.  Life  in 
the  Atlantic  ocean :  vegetable,  78,  2  b  ;  ani¬ 
mal,  80,  1  a. 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  railroad ,  I.  711, 1  be. 

Atlantic  telegraph:  see  Field,  Cyrus  W.,  VII. 
177,  1  c;  Telegeaph,  XV.  617,  2  b. 

Atlantidce ,  mollusca,  XII.  531,  1  b. 

Atlantis,  legendary  island,  II.  80. 

At'las,  in  mythology,  II.  80. 

Atlas,  mountain  system,  II.  81. 

Atlas  moth ,  XI.  867,  2  b. 

At'molyser,  for  separating  gases,  VII.  634,  2  b 
(ill.). 

Atmol’ysis ,  separation  of  gases  by  diffusion, 
VII.  634,  2  b. 

At'mospheee,  II.  81.  Height  of,  82,  2  c.  Den¬ 
sity  of,  XIII.  628,  2  b.  Ilerschel’s  theory 
of  it,  VIII.  701,  1  a.  Pressure  on  the  hu¬ 
man  body,  II.  83,  1  b.  Pressure  of  one  at¬ 
mosphere,  XIII.  628,  2  ab.  Influence  of  the 
atmosphere  in  the  polarization  of  light,  X. 
451,  1  a. 


Atmospheres,  as  measures  of  weight  and  pres¬ 
sure,  XI.  120,  2  a  (Manometee). 

Atmospher'ic  air,  its  proportion  of  carhon,  I. 
194,  1  a;  invariable  composition  of,  2  c. 

Atmospheric  currents,  opposite ,  I.  147,  2c;  di¬ 
rection  of,  148,  1  a. 

Atmospheeic  Engine,  II.  84.  Use  of  it  in 
boring  tunnels,  85,  1  c  ;  in  transmitting 
packages,  and  propelling  railroad  trains,  2  a. 

Atmospheric  line ,  or  line  of  atmospheric  pres¬ 
sure  of  the  steam  cylinder,  XV.  350,  2  b. 

Atmospheric  lines  of  absorption,  I.  38,  2  b. 

Atmospheric  pressure,  II.  325,  1  c,  ff.  (Baeom- 
etee).  Units  of,  as  a  measure,  XI.  120,  2  a 
(Manometee).  Practical  use  of :  see  At¬ 
mospheeic  Engine. 

Atmu,  or  Turn  [at-moo7,  toom],  Egyptian  deity, 
XII.  116,  2  ab. 

Atnahs,  or  Atenas,  Indian  tribe,  II.  85. 

Atnas:  see  Atnahs. 

Atoll',  coralline  island,  II.  85. 

Atom :  see  Atomic  Theoey.  Definition  of,  II. 
87,  1  be;  XI.  583,  1  b;  715,  1  a. 

Atomicity,  theory  of,  II.  88,  1  c  ;  XI.  583,  2  b  ; 
XII.  479,  1  b.  Multivalent,  II.  88,  2  a;  how 
represented,  2  be. 

Atom'ic  ratio,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  583,  1  c. 

Atomic  Theoey,  II.  85.  Atomic  weights,  86, 
lb;  87,  1  a.  Atomic  heat,  86,  1  b.  Dal¬ 
ton’s  atomic  theory,  IV.  365,  2  c  (Chemis- 
tey).  Gay-Lussac’s  law  of  combining  vol¬ 
umes,  366,  1  b. 

Atomic  weight,  VI.  700,  2  c. 

Atomistic  philosophy,  V.  793,  1  b  (Democei- 
tus)  ;  XIII.  437,  2  a. 

At' omizer,  instrument  for  dividing  a  liquid  into 
fine  spray,  I.  117,  1  a.  Use  of  in  freezing 
the  skin  with  ether,  VI.  748,  2  a. 

Atossa,  wife  of  Darius  Hystaspis,  V.  792,  2  c. 

Atotarho,  Indian  sachem,  XII.  632,  1  b. 

Ateato  [a-tra'-to],  river  of  Colombia,  II.  89. 

Ateebates  [a-treb'-a-teez],  or  Atreba'tii,  II.  89. 

Ateetts  [a'-truce],  legendary  hero,  II.  89. 

Atri'dce,  II.  89,  2  c  (Ateeus). 

At'riplex  horten’sis  (botany),  II.  501,  1  a. 

A'teium,  in  Roman  architecture,  II.  90 ;  in 
ancient  churches,  IV.  566,  2  a. 

At'ropa  belladon'na  (botany),  II.  501, 1  a  (ill.). 

Ateopate'ne:  see  Azeebijan. 

At'eophy,  II.  90 ;  of  the  heart,  VIII.  565, 1  a. 

Ateo'pia,  vegetable  poison,  II.  90. 

Atropine  [at'-ro-pin] :  see  Ateopia. 

At'eopos,  mythical,  II.  90 ;  XIII.  73,  2  a 
(Paec^e). 


ATRYPA 


AUCHMUTY 


59 


At'rypa ,  fossil  shells,  III.  177,  2  c. 

Attachment,  in  law,  II.  90.  Foreign,  2  c,  ff. 
Attachment  of  property,  XIY.  849,  2  c. 
Writ  of  attachment,  XIY.  24,  2  c. 

Attacus  atlas  (entomology),  XI.  867,  2  b.  A. 
Inna  and  other  species,  869,  1  be. 

Attainder,  II.  91.  Bill  of,  2  b.  Bills  of  pains 
and  penalties,  ib.,  and  92,  1  a.  In  the  con¬ 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  YII.  317,  1  c ; 
in  recent  English  statutes,  ib. 

Attaint  of  a  jury ,  Y.  152,  1  c. 

Attakapas  [at-tuk'-a-paw],  district  of  Louisi¬ 
ana,  II.  92. 

Attakapas,  Indian  tribe,  II.  92. 

Attala  [at-ta'-la],  county,  II.  92. 

Attale'a  funifera  (botany),  Y.  338,  2  ab. 

At'talus,  Macedonian  general,  II.  92.  Name 
of  three  kings  of  Pergamus,  2  b.  Flavius 
Priscus,  Roman  emperor,  2  c;  I.  238,  1  be 
(Alaric)  ;  XYI.  563,  2  c  (Western  Empire). 

At'taman,  title,  II.  93. 

At'tar  of  Roses,  II.  93. 

Attem' perator,  in  brewing,  III.  261,  1  b. 

Attenuation ,  in  brewing,  III.  261,  1  c. 

At'terbom,  Peter  Daniel  Amadeus,  Swedish 
poet,  II.  93. 

Atterbury,  Francis  [at'-ter-bSr-re],  theologian 
and  politician,  II.  93.  Controversy  with 
Bentley,  540,  2  b. 

At'tica,  II.  94.  Ancient  inhabitants,  2  a; 
classification  of,  ib. 

“  Attic  Bee ,”  title  applied  to  Urban  YIII., 
XYI.  222,  1  c. 

Attic  dialect ,  YIII.  208,  1  a. 

At'ticus,  Titus  Pomponius,  Roman  knight,  II. 
94. 

Atticus  Hero'des,  Tiberius  Claudius,  II.  95. 

Attikamegues,  or  Whitefish  Indians,  II.  95. 

At'tila,  II.  95.  “  Scourge  of  God,”  1  c.  In¬ 

vasion  of  the  Roman  empires,  I.  155,  2  ab. 
Supposed  death  by  treachery,  2  c.  See  X. 
345,  2  be  (Leo  I.). 

Attilia'tor  ballista'  rum ,  a  mediaeval  English 
officer,  II.  245,  1  c. 

Attiret,  Jean  Denis  [a-te-rS],  French  Jesuit 
and  painter,  II.  95. 

Attius  [at'-te-us],  Roman  poet,  X.  193,  2  b; 
194,  2  a. 

Attiwan'daronk,  tribe  of  Indians,  II.  96. 

Attleborough,  township,  II.  96. 

Attock',  or  Atak,  town  of  India,  II.  96  (ill.). 

Attorney  :  see  Lawyer,  X.  237,  1  a,  2  a.  At¬ 
torney  and  counsellor  in  the  United  States, 
2  a.  Relation  of  attorney  and  client,  238, 1  a. 


Attorney  General,  law  officer  of  state,  II. 
96.  In  England,  1  c.  In  the  United  States, 
2  a.  Department  of  justice,  97, 1  a.  Duties 
of  the  attorney  general,  1  b. 

Attorney,  Power  of,  II.  97.  Constituent  or 
principal,  1  c.  Attorney  in  fact,  ib. 

Attraction  :  see  Adhesion,  Cohesion,  Grav¬ 
ity,  and  Magnetism. 

Attrition ,  in  Roman  Catholic  doctrine,  XIY. 
393,  2  a. 

At'tucks,  Crispus,  a  victim  of  the  “  Boston 
massacre,”  II.  98,  1  c. 

Attwood,  Thomas,  composer,  II.  98. 

Attys :  see  Atys. 

Atwood's  machine ,  for  measuring  the  velocity 
of  falling  bodies,  XI.  320,  1  c  (ill.). 

A'tys,  or  Attys,  in  mythology,  II.  98. 

A  U.,  abbreviation,  XII.  535,  2  b. 

Aubagne  [o-bany’J,  town  of  France,  II.  98. 

Aubaine,  Right  of  [o-bain'J,  II.  98.  See  Alien, 
I.  313,  1  a. 

Aube  [oab],  department  of  France,  II.  98. 
River,  2  c. 

Aubenas  [oab-na],  town  of  France,  II.  98. 

Auber,  Daniel  Frangois  Esprit  [o-bair],  com¬ 
poser,  II.  98. 

Aubert,  Constance  [o-bair] :  see  Abrantes,  I. 
32,  2  a.  Louis,  ib. 

Aubervilliers  [o-bair-ve-lya],  a  village  of 
France,  II.  99. 

Aiibigne ,  Constant  d ’  [do-be-nya],  father  of 
Mme.  de  Maintenon,  XI.  39,  1  c,  2  a. 

AubignIs,  J.  II.  Merle  d’ :  see  Merle  d’Au- 
bign£. 

Aubigne,  Theodore  Agrippa  d1,  Protestant  sol¬ 
dier  and  historian,  II.  99. 

Aubin  [o-bang],  town  of  France,  II.  99. 

Aublet,  Jean  Baptiste  Christophe  Fus6e 
[o-bla],  botanist,  II.  99. 

Au'burn,  city  of  New  York,  II.  99.  State 
prison,  100,  1  a  (ill.).  State  asylum  for  in¬ 
sane  criminals,  1  c. 

Aubusson  [o-bu.-song],  town  of  France,  II. 

100. 

Aubusson,  Pierre  d’  [do-bu-soDg],  grand  master 
of  the  hospitallers,  II.  100. 

Aucn  [oash],  city  of  France,  II.  101. 

Auchenia  [aw-ke'-ne-a],  (zoology),  X.  552,  2  b. 
A.  lama,  553,  1  a  (ill.).  See  Alpaca. 

Auchmuty,  Robert  [ok'-moo-te],  American 
lawyer,  II.  101.  Robert,  his  son,  loyalist 
advocate  and  judge  of  Boston,  1  b.  Samuel, 
loyalist  clergyman  of  New  York,  1  c.  Sir 
Samuel,  British  general,  2  a. 


60 


AUCKLAND 


AUGUSTA 


Auck'land,  William  Eden,  baron,  II.  101. 
George  Eden,  earl  of,  2  c. 

Auckland,  province  of  New  Zealand,  II.  101. 
Capital  city,  2  c ;  view,  102. 

Auckland  Islands,  II.  102. 

Auction,  II.  102.  Dutch  auction,  2  b.  Auctio 
sub  hasta,  2  c.  Sales  by  the  candle  (or  by 
the  inch  of  candle),  ib.  (see  Fur,  YII.  535, 
2  a).  Candlestick  biddings,  ib.  Dumb  hid¬ 
ings,  103,  1  a. 

Aude  [oad],  department  of  France,  II.  103. 
Wines  of,  YII.  411,  2  b. 

Audebekt,  Jean  Baptiste  [oad-bair],  painter 
and  naturalist,  II.  103. 

Audenarde  [Fr.  o-den-ard] :  see  Oudenakde. 

Audhum'la  [properly,  ow-£Aum'-la],  in  Scandi¬ 
navian  mythology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 

Audien'tes ,  in  ancient  churches,  IY.  566,  2  ab. 

Audiffret-Pasquier ,  Gaston  P  [do-de-fra-pas- 
kya],  duke,  XIII.  147,  2  c. 

Audito'rium  prin'cipis ,  in  Eoman  judicature, 
IY.  620,  2  c.  Its  decreta  and  rescripta,  ib. 

Au'ditory  apparatus,  YI.  351  (ill.). 

Auditory  nerve  fibrils,  XY.  186,  2  a  and  c. 

Aud'ley,  Thomas,  lord,  II.  103. 

Audouakd,  Olympe  [o-dwar],  traveller  and 
writer,  II.  103. 

Audouin,  Jean  Yictor  [o-dwang],  entomologist, 
II.  103. 

Audrain',  county,  II.  104. 

Audran  [o-draug],  family  of  French  engravers, 
II.  104. 

Au'dubon,  county,  II.  104. 

Audubon,  John  James  [Fr.  o-du-bong],  Ameri¬ 
can  ornithologist,  II.  104.  Yictor  Gifford 
and  John  Woodliouse,  his  sons,  105,  1  a. 
Mrs.  Audubon,  ib. 

Auenbrugger  von  Auenbrug,  Leopold  [ow'- 
en-broog-ger  fon  ow'-en-broog],  German 
physician,  inventor  fof  percussion,  II.  105. 

Auerbach,  Bertliold  [ow'-er-bakh],  author,  II. 
105. 

Auerbach,  Heinrich,  medical  professor  and 
senator,  II.  105. 

Auerbachshof  and  Auerbach’s  cellar,  II.  105, 
2  be  (Auerbach,  Heinrich),  and  X.  328,  1  c. 

Auersperg,  Anton  Alexander,  count  [ow'-ers- 
pairg],  II.  105.  (Died  1876.) 

Auersperg,  Carlos,  prince,  II.  106. 

Auerstadt  [ow'-er-stet],  village  of  Thuringia, 
II.  106. 

Auerstadt ,  duke  of,  Y.  718,  1  c. 

Au’gean  stables ,  cleansing  of  the,  II.  106,  1  c 
(Augeas)  ;  YIII.  679,  2  a  (Hercules). 


Au'geas,  or  Augias,  mythical,  II.  106. 

Auger  [aw'-gher],  varieties  of  the,  III.  99,  1  a 
(ills.). 

Augereau,  Pierre  Francois  Charles  [o-zhuh- 
ro  or  oazh-ro],  duke  of  Castiglione,  II.  106. 
Auglirim :  see  Aghrim. 

Augias :  see  Augeas. 

Augia  sinensis ,  source  of  Chinese  lac,  II.  249, 2  c. 
Augier,  Guillaume  Yictor  £mile  [o-zhe-a], 
dramatist,  II.  106. 

Au'gite,  mineral,  II.  107. 

Auglaize  [o-glaiz'J,  county,  II.  107. 

Augs'burg  [Ger.  owkhs'-boorg],  city  of  Bava¬ 
ria,  II.  107  (view). 

Augsburg,  diet  of,  II.  108,  1  b ;  XI Y.  246,  1  a. 
Augsburg,  league  of,  against  France,  YII.  383, 
2  be. 

Augsburg,  peace  of,  XY.  708,  2  c ;  XIY.  246, 
1  b. 

Augsburg  Confession,  II.  108.  Alluded  to, 
107,  2  c ;  X.  728,  1  c,  and  731,  1  b,  ff. 
Au'gur,  Hezekiah,  American  sculptor,  II.  108. 
Augurs,  Roman  diviners,  II.  108. 

August,  month,  II.  109. 

August  Friedrich  Eberiiard  [ow'-goost  fre'- 
drich  a'-ber-hart],  prince  of  Wiirtemberg, 

II.  109. 

August  Wilhelm  [vil'-helm],  prince  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  II.  109. 

Augus'ta,  county,  II.  109. 

Augusta,  city  of  Maine,  II.  109. 

Augusta,  city  of  Georgia,  II.  110. 

Augusta:  see  Agosta. 

Augusta,  ancient  name  of  London,  X.  618,  2  c. 
Augusta,  John,  Bohemian  theologian,  II.  100. 
Augusta,  Maria  Louisa  Catharine,  queen  and 
empress,  II.  111. 

Augusta  Antonina,  name  given  to  Byzantium, 

III.  519,  2  c. 

Augusta  Historia,  collection  of  Roman  bi¬ 
ography,  II.  111. 

Augustan  Age,  of  Roman  literature,  II.  Ill ; 
115,  2c;  X.  195,  1  c.  French,  II.  Ill,  1  c; 
English,  ib.,  and  YI.  639,  1  c. 

Augusta  Nem’etum,  an  ancient  name  of  Spire, 
XY.  275,  1  c. 

Augusta  Prceto'ria :  see  Aosta. 

Augusta  Suessio'num :  see  Soissons. 

Augusta  Taurinorum,  ancient  name  of  Turin, 
XYI.  54,  1  b. 

Augusta  Trevirorum,  ancient  name  of  Treves, 
XY.  861,  2  c. 

Augusta  Vermanduorum,  ancient  name  of  St. 
Quentin,  France,  XIY-  553,  2  c. 


AUGUSTA 


AURORA 


61 


Augusta  Vindelicorum ,  ancient  name  of  Augs¬ 
burg,  II.  107,  2  a. 

Augustenburg  [ow-goos'-ten-boorg],  Danish 
(now  German)  village,  II.  111.  Dukes  of,  1  c. 

Augusteum ,  of  Leipsic  university,  X.  329,  1  a. 

Augusti,  Johann  Christian  Wilhelm  [ow-goos'- 
te],  German  theologian,  II.  111. 

Augus'tin,  or  Austin,  Saint,  archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  II.  111.  Sent  to  convert  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  2  c,  and  I.  500,  1  be.  See 
more  fully,  Ethelbekt,  king  of  Kent,  VI. 
744. 

Augustine  [aw'-gus-tine,  or  aw-gus'-tin], 
(Aurelius  Augustinus),  Saint,  II.  112.  As 
a  writer,  X.  200,  2  a.  On  miracles,  XI. 
625,  1  b.  His  monastic  life,  729,  2  b.  Her¬ 
mits  of  Augustine,  ib.  Alleged  views  of 
evolution,  VII.  10,  1  c.  Assertion  that  deaf¬ 
ness  makes  religious  faith  impossible,  V.  730, 

1  c.  See  XI.  810,  2  b;  XIII.  439,  1  be. 

Augustin' ian  canons ,  II.  113,  2  c;  XI.  729,  2  b. 

Augustinian  order ,  XI.  729,  2  b. 

Augustinians  (Hermits  of  St.  Augustine),  II. 

113;  XI.  730,  1  be. 

Augustobo'na ,  an  ancient  name  of  Troyes,  XVI. 
12,  2  a. 

Augustodu’num :  see  Autun.  Destruction  of 
by  the  Bagaudso,  II.  214,  2  c. 

Augustom' agus :  see  Senlis. 

Augustonem'etum ,  an  ancient  name  of  Cler¬ 
mont-Ferrand,  IV.  673,  1  c. 

Augustowo  [ow-goos-to'-vo],  a  former  govern¬ 
ment  of  Poland,  II.  113.  City,  2  c.  Canal 
of,  114,  1  a. 

Augus'tulus,  Romulus,  last  Roman  emperor 
of  the  West,  II.  114. 

Augustus,  Caius  Julius  Caesar  Octavianus,  first 
emperor  of  Rome,  II.  114.  His  triumvirate 
with  Antony  and  Lepidus,  2  ab;  I.  576,  1 
c;  X.  360,  2  c;  XV.  876,  1  be  (Triumvi¬ 
rate).  His  patronage  of  Horace,  VIII.  815, 

2  b;  of  Virgil,  XVI.  370,  1  be  and  2  ab. 
Political  testament  of  (monument  of  Ancy- 
ra),  XIII.  310,  2  b  (see  Ancyra). 

Augustus  I.  (as  king,  Augustus  II.),  Frederick, 
the  Strong,  II.  116;  X.  42,  1  c.  Surrender 
of  Patkul,  XIII.  165,  2  c.  Augustus  II. 
(III.),  Frederick,  II.  116,  1  c. 

Augustus  Frederick,  prince  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  II.  116. 

Auk,  II.  116.  Great  auk,  2  c  (ill.).  Black¬ 
billed  auk,  117,  1  c.  Labrador  auk,  2  a. 
Little  auk,  2  b.  Paroquet  auk,  2  be.  Horn¬ 
billed  auk,  VIII.  310,  1  c. 


Au'laf,  or  Anlaf,  name  of  Northumbrian 
kings,  II.  117. 

Aula  regis ,  V.  147,  2  be  (Common  Law). 

“ Auld  Lang  Syne"  allusion  to  original  of, 
II.  171, 1  c. 

Aulio  Council,  a  tribunal  of  the  German  em¬ 
pire,  II.  118. 

Aulis,  town  of  Hellas,  II.  118. 

Aullagas  [ow-lya'-gass],  lake  of  Bolivia,  III. 
13,  1  a. 

Aulnay  de  CiiARNisfi,  Charles  de  Menou,  sei¬ 
gneur  d’  [do-na  dfth  shar-ne'-za],  French 
proprietor,  II.  118. 

Aulon:  see  Avlona. 

Aumale  [o-mal],  town  of  France,  II.  118. 
Dukes  of,  2  b,  c. 

Aungervyle,  Richard  [awn'-jer-vil],  English 
statesman  and  bibliographer,  II.  119. 

Au'ra  epilep'tica ,  VI.  683,  2  a  (Epilepsy). 

Aurani'tis ,  II.  359,  2  b  (Bashan). 

Aura  mta'lis ,  a  generating  spirit,  VIII.  624,  2  c. 

Aure'lia ,  chrysalis,  IV.  560,  2  be. 

Aurelia ,  jelly  fish,  IX.  601,  1  c  (ills.). 

Aurelian,  Lucius  Domitius  Aurelianus,  Roman 
emperor,  II.  119. 

Aurelian' um :  see  Orleans,  France. 

Aurelianum  Allot/ rogum,  ancient  name  of  Ge¬ 
neva,  VII.  670,  1  b. 

Aurelius,  Marcus :  see  Antoninus. 

Aurelle  de  Paladines  [o-rel  dull  pal-a-deen], 
French  soldier,  II.  119.  (Died  1877.) 

Aurich  [ow'-rich],  town  of  Germany,  II.  120. 

Au'ricle ,  instrument  to  aid  hearing,  VI.  372, 
1  ab. 

Auricles  of  the  heart ,  VIII.  557,  1  b  ;  558,  2  ab. 

Auric' ula  (botany),  XIII.  837,  2  c. 

Auriculo-ventricular  orifice  (anatomy),  VIII. 
557,  1  be. 

Au'rifaber  [Ger.  ow'-re-fa-ber],  companion  of 
Luther,  II.  120. 

Aurigera  [aw-rij'-e-ra],  ancient  name  of  the 
river  Ariege,  I.  702,  1  b. 

Aurillac  [o-re-lyak],  town  of  France,  II.  120. 

Auriol  [o-re-ul],  French  borough,  II.  120. 

Aurivillius,  Karl  [ow-re-vil'-le-oos],  oriental¬ 
ist,  II.  120. 

Aurochs  [owr'-ox],  (zoology),  II.  120  (ill.); 
XIV.  468,  2  be. 

Auro'ra,  in  mythology,  II.  120. 

Aurora,  city  of  Illinois,  II.  121. 

Aurora ,  newspaper  organ  of  the  opposition  to 
President  Adams,  I.  93,  1  c. 

Aurora  association  (of  Swedish  students),  II. 
93,  1  c. 


62 


AURORA 


AUTOLITHO  GRAPHIC 


Aueoea  Boeea'lis,  II.  121.  Humboldt’s  de¬ 
scription  of,  1  b.  Auroral  action  as  affected 
by  latitude  and  longitude,  2  a ;  by  the  mag¬ 
netic  poles,  2  b.  Appearance  of,  2  c.  Height 
of  auroral  arch,  122,  1  be.  Extent  of  visi¬ 
bility,  2  a.  Variations  in  frequency  and 
splendor,  2  be.  Solar  spots  and  magnetic 
disturbances,  123, 1  a.  Table  of  auroras  seen 
in  each  month,  1  be.  Electrical  character 
of,  1  c  ;  VII.  290,  2  c.  Spectrum  of,  II.  124, 
1  a.  Supposed  connection  with  the  zodiacal 
light,  2  a.  Origin  of  aurora,  Olmsted’s  the¬ 
ory,  2  be. 

Aurora  community ,  XV.  140,  2  ab. 

Au'rum  mosa'icum  or  mu'sivum ,  for  bronzing, 
III.  315,  2  ab ;  XV.  760,  1  a. 

Aurum  potdb'ile,  in  alchemy,  VIII.  85,  1  c. 

Aueungabad',  city  of  Ilindostan,  II.  124. 

Aueungzebe',  or  Aurungzeb,  Mogul  emperor, 
II.  125  ;  IX.  209,  1  a.  Mosque  of,  in  Auran¬ 
gabad,  II.  125  (ill.) ;  in  Benares,  515,  1  a. 

Auschwitz  [ow'-shwits],  town  of  Austria,  II. 
125. 

Ausculta  Dei ,  papal  bull,  III.  66,  1  c. 

Auscultation,  medical,  II.  125. 

Auson ,  mythical,  II.  126,  1  c  (Ausones). 

Ausones  [aw'-so-neez],  ancient  tribe  of  Italy, 
II.  126. 

Auso'nia ,  II.  126,  1  c  (Ausones);  IX.  449, 1  ab. 

Ausonius,  Decimus  Magnus,  Latin  poet  and 
grammarian,  II.  126. 

Aussig  [ow'-sbh],  town  of  Bohemia,  II.  126. 

Aus'ten,  Jane,  English  novelist,  II.  126. 

Austerities ,  religious ,  and  their  physical  ef¬ 
fects,  II.  573,  1  b,  c. 

Aus'teelitz  [Ger.  owce'-ter-lits],  town  of  Mo¬ 
ravia,  II.  126.  Battle  of,  2  c,  and  III.  42, 1  b. 

Austin,  county,  II.  127.  • 

Austin,  city  of  Texas,  II.  127. 

Austin,  Jonathan  Loring,  revolutionary  pa¬ 
triot,  II.  127. 

Austin,  Moses,  American  pioneer,  II.  127. 
Lead  mining,  ib .,  and  X.  253,  2  b. 

Austin ,  Saint,  apostle  of  the  English :  see  Au¬ 
gustin. 

Austin,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  American  clergyman, 
II.  127. 

Austin,  Sarah,  English  authoress,  II.  127. 

Austin,  Stephen  F.,  founder  of  the  first  Amer¬ 
ican  colony  in  Texas,  II.  127. 

Austin,  William  (Billy),  reputed  natural  son  of 
Queen  Caroline,  II.  128. 

Austeala'sia,  II.  128. 

Australene ,  oil,  XVI.  78,  1  ab. 


Austea'lia,  II.  128.  (Map.)  Coasts,  2  a.  Sur¬ 
face,  129,  1  a.  Rivers,  2  b.  Lakes,  130, 1  a. 
Geology,  1  ab.  Minerals,  lb;  131,1c.  Cli¬ 
mate,  130,  1  c.  Fauna,  2  ab.  Flora,  131, 
1  a.  Aborigines,  2  c  (ill.,  132);  aboriginal 
shelters  (ill.),  132.  Political  divisions,  2  be. 
Religion,  133,  1  a.  Education,  1  b.  Fi¬ 
nances,  1  c.  Commerce,  2  a.  Intercommu¬ 
nication,  2  b.  Governments,  2  c.  History, 
ib. ;  discovery  of  gold,  134,  2  be.  Sheep 
raising,  135,  1  a.  Recent  progress,  ib. 
Australia  del  Espiritu  Santo ,  island,  XII. 
301,  2  be. 

Australian  currents ,  IX.  244,  2  b. 

Australian  man  and  woman  (ill.),  II.  132. 
Austea'sia,  a  kingdom  of  the  Franks,  II.  135. 
Austraterebenihene ,  oil,  XVI.  78,  1  ab. 
Aus'teia,  empire  of,  II.  135.  (Map.)  Con¬ 
stituent  parts,  2  a.  Topography,  136,  1  b. 
Hydrography,  2  a.  Climate,  2  c.  Produc¬ 
tions,  ib.  Population,  137,  2  b;  nationali¬ 
ties,  2  c ;  languages,  138, 1  a.  Religion,  1  b. 
Education,  2  a.  The  press,  139, 1  a.  Chari¬ 
table  institutions,  1  b.  Mining  products,  1  c. 
Agriculture,  2  a.  Manufactures,  140,  1  a. 
Commerce,  1  c.  Government,  141,  2  b.  Fi¬ 
nances,  142,  2  b.  Army,  143, 1  b.  History,  2  a. 
Austeia,  archduchy  of,  II.  154. 

Austrian  Lloyd ,  joint-stock  company,  II.  141, 

1  a ;  X.  555,  2  b. 

Austrian  succession ,  war  of  the,  I.  224,  1  c; 
II.  144,  2  c.  Course  taken  by  Frederick  the 
Great,  VII.  455,  2  c,  ff.  England’s  support 
of  Austria,  705,  2  be. 

Austeo-Hungaeian  Monaechy:  see  Austeia. 
Auswandererhaus  [owce'-van-der-er-house],  for 
emigrants,  III.  249,  2  c  (Beemeehafen). 
Autau'ga,  county,  II.  154. 

Authen' ticce,  IV.  625,  1  b.  See  Authentics. 
Authentics,  II.  154.  Latin  translation  of  Jus¬ 
tinian’s  Novella},  2  b.  Extracts  of  its  decis¬ 
ions,  ib.  Issued  by  Frederick  II.  and  III.,  ib . 
Authentic  week  (Holy  Week),  VIII.  776,  1  b. 
Autillo  [ow-te'-lyo],  act  of  the  inquisition  held 
within  the  palace,  IX.  295,  1  a. 

Auto  da  F£  [ow'-to  da  fa],  II.  154.  Proper 
meaning  of  the  phrase,  ib.,  and  IX.  294,  2  c. 
The  first  auto  da  f6,  IX.  294,  2  b.  Different 
classes  of  autos,  295,  1  a.  Proceedings  of 
the  auto  publico  general,  1  ab. 

Autogenous  elements  [au-toj'-e-nus],  (anatomy), 
XIII.  424,  2  c. 

Autolitliographic  or  transfer  paper ,  X.  527, 

2  ab,  and  526,  2  c. 


AUTOLYCUS 


AVICENNA 


63 


Autol'ycus,  a  Greek  legendary  tliief  and  liar, 
II.  154.  Greek  mathematician,  2  c. 
Automatic  planetarium ,  invention  of,  IX.  98, 
1  be. 

Automaton,  II.  155.  Ancient  and  mediaeval 
automata,  1  a.  Vaucanson’s,  1  c.  Droz’s, 
Malzel’s,  &c.,  2  b.  Kempelen’s  pretended 
automaton  chess  player,  2  c :  see  Kempelen. 
Recent  automata,  156,  1  a. 

Automaton  speaker ,  Kempelen’s,  IX.  786, 1  ab. 
Au'toplasty,  in  surgery,  II.  156. 

Autositaires  [o-to-ze-tair],  class  of  monsters, 
XI.  765,  1  c. 

Autosites  [o-to-zeet],  monsters,  XI.  764,  2  c. 
Autre  nauray  [o-tra  no-ra],  device  of  the  order 
of  the  Golden  Fleece,  VIII.  89,  2  a. 
Au'tricum ,  ancient  name  of  Chartres,  IV.  825, 

1  b. 

Autro'nius ,  conspirator,  IV.  120,  2  a. 

Au'tumn,  third  season  of  the  year,  II.  156. 
Autum'nal  catarrh :  see  Hay  Cold. 

Autumnal  marrow ,  XV.  293,  2  c  (Squash). 
Autun  [o-tiing],  town  of  France,  II.  156. 
Au'tunite ,  mineral,  XVI.  220,  1  b  (Uranium). 
Auvergnats  [o-vair-nya],  natives  of  Auvergne, 
II.  157,  1  c;  III.  724,  2  ab. 

Auvergne  [o-vairny’],  province  of  France,  II. 
157. 

Auvergne,  La  Tour  d\  family,  III.  151,  2  a. 

Philip  d’ Auvergne,  prince  of  Bouillon,  ib. 
Aux  Cayes  [o  ka],  town  of  Hayti,  II.  157. 
Auxerre  [o-sair],  city  of  France,  II.  157. 
Auxerrois  [o-sair-wa] :  see  Auxerre. 

Aux  is  vulga'ris  (ichthyology),  III.  68, 1  c  (ill.). 
Auxonne  [o-sun],  town  of  France,  II.  157. 

Aux  Plaines  [o  plain] :  see  Des  Plaines. 
Auxu'me:  see  Axum. 

Auzout,  Adrien  [o-zoo],  French  mathemati¬ 
cian  and  astronomer,  II.  157. 

Auzoux,  Theodore  Louis  [o-zoo],  French  physi¬ 
cian  and  anatomist,  II.  157.  See  Anatomi¬ 
cal  Preparations,  I.  459,  2  c,  460,  1  a. 

Ava  [a'-va],  city  of  Burmah,  II.  158. 

Ava,  Kingdom  of :  see  Burmah. 

Ava,  plant,  XIV.  591,  2  a. 

Av'alanche,  II.  158. 

Aval  islands :  see  Bahrein  Islands. 

Avallon  [&-val-long],  town  of  France,  II.  158. 
Avalos,  Ferdinando  Francesco  d’  [da-va'-loce], 
marquis  of  Pescara,  II.  158. 

Avar'icum ,  ancient  name  of  Bourges,  III.  159, 

2  a. 

Avar'is,  II.  158.  See  Egypt,  VI.  460,  2  b. 
A'vars,  Turanian  tribe,  II.  158. 


Avatar',  of  Hindoo  divinities,  II.  159 ;  IX. 
228,  1  c. 

AvatcAa,  Mount,  II.  159. 

Ave'bury,  village  of  England,  II.  159. 

Aveiro  [a-va'-e-ro],  town  of  Portugal,  II.  159. 
Avekvom,  African  tribe,  X.  57,  1  ab. 
Avellaneda,  Alonso  Fernando  de  [a-va-lya- 
na'-^a],  II.  159.  See  Cervantes,  IV.  213, 
2  ab. 

Avellaneda,  Gertrudis  Gomes  de,  Spanish 
poetess,  II.  159. 

Avellino  [a-vel-le'-no],  town  of  Italy,  II.  160. 

Province  :  see  Principato  Ulterioee. 

Ave  Maria  [a'-ve  ma-rS'-a],  II.  160;  XI.  218, 
1  ab  (Mary)  ;  XIV.  432,  1  a  (Rosary). 
Ave'na  (botany),  XII.  560,  2  c  (Oat),  and  VIII. 
168,  1  c  (Grasses).  A.  elatior,  VIII.  168, 
1  c,  and  XII.  562,  1  a.  A.  sativa,  560,  2  c. 
A.  nuda,  561,  1  c.  A.  fatua,  2  a  (ill.).  A. 
sterilis  (hygrometric),  2  c.  Other  species. 
Avenbrugger,  Leopold :  see  Auenbrugger. 
Avencebrol :  see  Solomon  ben  Gabirol. 
Av'enel ,  white  lady  of,  referred  to,  VII.  64, 

1  b. 

Avenger  of  blood,  in  the  Mosaic  law,  III.  754, 

2  be. 

Ave'nio :  see  Avignon. 

Av'entine  hill  (Mons  Aventinus) :  see  Rome, 
XIV.  409,  1  b ;  410,  2  a. 

Aventi'nus,  Mons  (Aventine  hill) :  see  Rome, 
XIV.  409,  1  b;  410,  2  a. 

Aventueine  [a-ven'-tu-rin],  mineral,  II.  160. 
Artificial  glass,  1  be. 

Avenzo'ar  (Ibn  Zohr),  Abu  Merwan,  Arabian 
physician,  II.  160. 

Av'erage,  geueral,  II.  160.  Particular,  161, 
1  b.  Petty,  ib. ;  640,  1  c. 

Averno  [a-vair'-no],  lake,  II.  161. 

Avernus :  see  Averno. 

Averroes,  or  Averrhoes  [a-ver'-ro-ez],  (Ibn 
Roshd),  Arabian  philosopher,  II.  161. 
Averroists :  see  Averroes,  II.  161,  2  b. 

Aversa  [a-vair'-sa],  town  of  Italy,  II.  161. 
A'ves :  see  Birds. 

Avesnes  [a-vain],  town  of  France,  II.  161. 
Aves'ta:  see  Zend-Avesta. 

Aveyron  [a-va-rong],  department  of  France,  II. 

162.  River,  1  a. 

Avezac  :  see  D’Avezac. 

Avezac,  M.  d ’  [da-vuh-zak],  on  the  date  of  Se¬ 
bastian  Cabot’s  map,  III.  530,  1  a. 
Aviceb'ron  :  see  Solomon  ben  Gabirol. 
Avicen'na  (Ibn  Sina),  Arabian  physician  and 
philosopher,  II.  162.  His  work  on  arithme- 


64 


AVICIDA 


AZARA 


tic,  I.  708, 1  a.  His  classification  of  minerals, 
XI.  589,  1  a.  His  tomb,  VIII.  408,  1  c. 
Avicida  [a-vis'-e-da],  (ornithology),  X.  19,  2  c. 
Avidius  Cassius ,  a  Koman  usurper,  I.  574,  2  c. 
Avigliano  [a-ve-lya'-no],  town  of  Italy,  II. 
162. 

Avignon  [a-ve-nyong],  town  of  France,  II.  162 
-  (m°-  A 

Avila  [a'-ve-la],  province  of  Spain,  II.  163. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Avlo'na,  town  of  Albania,  II.  163. 

Av'ocet,  bird,  II.  163  (ill.). 

Avo'ha ,  tree,  X.  810,  1  be. 

Avoidance  and  confession ,  in  law,  XIII.  607,  2  b. 
Avoiedupois  [av-er-du-poiz'J,  standard  of 
weight,  II.  163. 

Avo'la,  town  of  Sicily,  II.  164. 

A' von,  name  of  several  rivers,  II.  164. 
Avondale  disaster ,  V.  70,  2  be  (Collieey). 
Avon  Speings,  New  York,  II.  164. 

Avoset:  see  Avocet. 

Avow' ant ,  XIV.  272,  2  c  (Replevin). 

Avowry ,  to  make,  XIV.  273,  1  b  (Replevin). 
Avoyelles  [a-voi-elz';  Fr.  a-vwa-yel],  parish 
of  Louisiana,  II.  164. 

Aveanches  [a-vrangsh],  town  of  France,  II. 
164. 

Awash ',  XV.  743,  2  c  (Tides). 

Awe,  Loch  [aw],  lake,  II.  164. 

Awl ,  a  tool,  III.  98,  2  b  (ill.). 

Awn,  in  grasses,  VIII.  166,  2  a. 

Ax,  town  of  France,  II.  164. 

Axayacatl',  Mexican  emperor,  II.  164.  Pal¬ 
ace  and  treasures  of,  2  c. 

Axe,  an  instrument,  II.  165. 

Axel  :  see  Absalon. 

Axelhuus  [ax'-el-lioos],  Danish  fort,  I.  33,  2  b. 
Axes  of  crystals ,  XI.  586,  2  a  (Mineealogy). 

See  Ceystallogeaphy. 

Ax' Maries  (feathers),  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Axim  [ax-eenT],  African  town,  II.  165;  I.  210, 
2  be ;  VIII.  87,  2  b. 

Ax'inite,  mineral,  II.  165. 

Axin'omancy,  VI.  153,  2  c  (Divination). 

Axis  (zoology),  V.  757,  2  c.  A.  maculata, 
spotted  axis,  758,  2  ab  (ill.).  See  Buck,  III. 
385,  1  b. 

Axis  cylinder  of  the  brain,  III.  186,  2  c ;  of 
nerves,  XII.  232,  1  c. 

Axle,  of  wheel  carriages,  II.  165. 

Ax'minstee,  town  of  England,  II.  166.  Ax- 
minster  carpets,  1  c ;  IV.  20,  1  a. 

Axolotl',  reptile,  II.  166  (ill.). 

Axoom :  see  Axum:. 


Axum  [ax-oom'J,  city  of  Abyssinia,  II.  167. 
Royal  seat,  1  c  (ill.).  Obelisk  of  Axum,  2  a 
(ill.).  Kingdom  of,  1  c,  and  I.  45,  2  be. 
Chronicles  of,  I.  48,  1  b.  Made  a  metro¬ 
politan  see,  1  c. 

Axum  Thion,  Abyssinian  convent,  I.  49,  1  a. 
AYAcucno  [a-ya-koo'-cho],  department  of  Peru, 
II.  167.  Battle  of,  168,  1  a.  Capital,  1  b. 
Ay  ala, Balthasar,  on  the  law  of  war,  X.  222,  2  ab. 
Ayala,  Pedro  Lopez  de  [a-ya -la],  poet,  II.  168. 
Ayamonte  [a-ya-mone'-ta],  city  of  Spain,  II. 
168. 

Ayasalook,  or  Aiasaluk  [I-ya-sa-look'] :  see 
Ephesus. 

Ayats  [a-yats'],  verses  of  the  Koran,  X.  44,  2  c. 
Aye-Aye  [I'-i],  animal,  II.  168  (ill.). 

Ayesha,  or  Alsha  [a'-ye-sha,  i'-sha],  favorite 
wife  of  Mohammed,  II.  168;  XII.  728,  2  c; 

I.  41,  1  c  (Abubeke). 

Aylesbuey  [ailz'-ber-e],  town  of  England,  II. 
169. 

Ayl'mee,  John,  bishop  of  London,  II.  169. 
Aymaeas  [I-ma-ras'],  a  Peruvian  race,  II.  169 
(ill.) ;  III.  10,  2  b.  Referred  to,  XIV.  150, 
1  b. 

Aymae  -  Veenay,  Jacques  [a-mar-vair-na], 
French  impostor,  II.  169. 

Aymbores  [ime-bo-race'],  Indians,  III.  140,  2  a. 
Aye,  town  of  Scotland,  II.  170.  Brigs  of  Ayr, 
1  b  (ill.).  Burns’s  cottage,  2  c  (ill.). 

Ayeee,  Jakob  [i'-rer],  German  poet,  II.  170. 
Aye'shiee,  county  of  Scotland,  II.  170. 
Ayrshire  breed  of  cattle,  IV.  130,  2  c.  Dolly 
Ayrshire  cow  (ill.),  131,  1  a. 

Ays'cbe,  Sir  George,  English  admiral,  II.  171. 
Aythy'a  Vallisne'ria  (ornithology),  III.  732,  2  c 
(ill.,  733).  A.  Americana,  ib.,  and  VI.  290, 1  a. 
Ay'ton,  Sir  Robert,  poet,  II.  171. 

Aytoun,  Sir  Robert  [a'-toon] :  see  Ayton. 
Aytoun,  William  Edmondstoune,  poet,  II.  171. 
Ayu  [a-yoo'],  (zoology),  amphibious  animal,  I. 
81,  2  b. 

Ayuntamiento  [a-yoon-ta-me-ain'-to],  name 
of  village  and  town  councils,  II.  171. 

Ayutla  [a-yoot'-la],  plan  or  revolution  of,  1. 

372,  2  a;  V.  171,  2  c;  XIV.  617,  1  a. 
Azaina,  tree,  X.  810,  1  c. 

Azais,  Pierre  Hyacinthe  [a-zice],  philosopher, 

II.  172. 

Aza'lea  (botany),  II.  172.  A.  viscosa  (ill.) 

and  other  species. 

Aza'ni :  see  Aizani. 

Azaea,  Felix  de  [a-tha'-ra],  naturalist,  II.  173. 
Jos6  Hicolas  de,  ambassador  and  writer,  1  c. 


AZARIAH 


BABEUYISTS 


65 


Azari'ah,  Hebrew  name,  II.  173.  King,  1  c, 
and  VIII.  588,  2  c. 

Azari'as ,  II.  173,  2  a. 

Az'azel ,  an  angel  in  the  Mohammedan  system, 
XI.  697,  2  c. 

Azeglio,  Massimo  Taparelli,  marquis  d’  [da-za'- 
lyo],  Italian  statesman,  II.  173.  Luigi,  Jes¬ 
uit,  174,  1  a.  Roberto,  writer  on  art,  1  ab. 
Vittorio  Emmanuele  Taparelli,  marquis  d’, 
artist,  1  b. 

Azerbaijan  [a-zer-bi-jan'] :  see  Azerbijan. 

Azerbijan',  province  of  Persia,  II.  174. 

Azerkh-Amen ,  Ethiopian  king,  VI.  749,  2  ab. 

Azevedo  Coutinho,  Joz6  Joaquim  da  Cunha 
[a-za-va'-do  ko-te'-nyo],  bishop,  II.  174. 

Azevedo  y  ZuStga,  Gaspard  de  [a-tha-va'-£Ao 
e  tlioo'-nye-ga],  Spanish  viceroy,  II.  174. 

Az'imuth ,  correction  of  error  in,  XV.  844,  2  c. 
Adjustment  of  a  transit  instrument  to  it, 
845,  2  b.  Azimuth  circle,  XII.  566,  1  c. 

Azincourt:  see  Agestcourt. 

Aziz  [a-zeez'],  Fatimite  caliph,  VII.  94,  2  a. 

Azkar  Tuarik:  see  Tuariks. 

Azof  :  see  Azov. 

Azo'ic  Age  (geology),  II.  174. 

Azoic  rocks ,  VII.  694,  1  a. 


B,  a  letter,  II.  177.  Varieties  of  pronuncia¬ 
tion,  1  be.  In  the  calendar,  2  ab.  In  the 
musical  scale,  ib.  As  a  numeral,  2  b. 

j fia,  bd ,  bd,  bd ,  meaning  of  in  Anamitic,  IX. 
253,  2  be. 

Baadee,  Franz  Xaver  von  [ba'-der],  German 
mystic,  II.  177. 

Ba'al,  Semitic  divinity,  II.  177  (ill.).  With 
adjuncts,  2  a.  Chief  deity  of  the  Phoeni¬ 
cians,  178,  1  a.  In  composition,  2  a.  Spread 
of  the  name,  ib.  Seats  of  his  worship,  IV. 
37,  2  c;  XII.  117,  2  a,  ff.  See  Bel  and  Be- 
lus  (Index). 

Baalbek  [bal'-bek],  II.  178.  Ruins  of  (ill.),  ib. 
Temple  of  Jupiter,  179,  1  a  (ill.) ;  piece  of 
fallen  ceiling  in  do.  (ill.),  ib. 

Ba'al-be'rith  (Covenant  Baal),  II.  178,  1  a. 

Baal-Hamman  (Cronos),  IV.  37,  2  b. 

Baal-Melkart ,  patron  of  Tyre,  XII.  118,  1  c. 

Baal-peor  (Priapus),  II.  177,  2  c. 

Baal-Samin ,  lord  of  the  heavens,  XII.  117,  2  b. 

Baal-Saturn ,  temple  of,  IV.  38,  1  a. 

Baaltis ,  goddess,  XII.  109,  2  a ;  117,  2  be. 

5 


Azores',  or  Western  Islands,  II.  174. 

Azote'  :  see  Nitrogen,  XII.  466,  2  c. 

Azoth ,  X.  846,  2  a  (Magic). 

Az’otized  tissues ,  XII.  467,  1  be. 

Azo'tus :  see  Asiidod. 

Az'ov,  or  Azof,  town  and  fortress,  II.  175. 

Azov,  or  Azof,  Sea  of,  II.  175. 

Az'rael ,  angel  of  death  in  the  Mohammedan 
system,  XI.  697,  2  c. 

Az'tecs,  II.  175  (ill.,  Aztec  warriors) ;  I.  392, 
1  c ;  XI.  472,  2  a  ;  482,  2  be.  Their  cur¬ 
rency,  XI.  467,  1  c.  Their  degeneracy  re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  614,  2  ab. 

Aztlan',  II.  175,  1  c;  2  c-176,  1  a  (Aztecs). 

Azuay :  see  Asuay. 

Azurara,  Gomez  Eannes  de  [a-zoo-ra'-ra], 
Portuguese  historian,  II.  177. 

Azure ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a,  b. 

Azurine  [azh'-u-rin],  color,  VI.  343,  1  c. 

Az'urite ,  V.  319,  1  c  (Copper). 

Azy'gos  u'vulce ,  XII.  817,  2  b  (Palate). 

Az'ymites,  polemical  term,  II.  177. 

Azymo'tics  (remedies),  III.  769,  1  c. 

Azyr,  Vicq  d1 :  see  Vicq  d’Azyr. 

Azzolini ,  Cardinal  [at-so-le'-ne],  IV.  550,  1 
a,  b. 


Baal-zebub ,  fly  god,  II.  177,  2  c.  See  Beelzebub. 

Baal-zephon ,  VII.  29,  2  a  (Exodus). 

Baan,  Jan  van  [ban],  Dutch  painter,  II.  179. 

Baastaards  [bas'-tards] :  see  Geiquas. 

Baba  [ba'-ba],  (the  saint),  II.  179,  2  c. 

Babadagh  [ba-ba-dag'],  town,  II.  179. 

Bab'bage,  Charles,  English  mathematician, 
II.  180.  His  calculating  machine,  III.  569, 
1  c.  His  tables,  X.  578,  1  c. 

Babcock,  Rufus,  D.  D.,  American  clergyman, 
II.  180. 

Bab-ed-Din  [bab-ed-deen'],  founder  of  Babism, 
II.  182,  2  b. 

Ba'bel,  II.  180;  XII.  117,  1  b. 

Bab-el-Man'deb,  strait,  II.  181. 

Baber,  Zahir  ed-Din  Mohammed  [ba'-ber],  Mo¬ 
gul  emperor,  II.  181 ;  IX.  208,  1  c. 

Babet  [ba-ba],  allusion  to  the  story  of,  III.  161. 
1  b. 

Babeuf,  or  Baboeuf,  Francois  Noel  [ba-bflf], 
French  revolutionist,  II.  182 ;  XV.  140,  2  b. 

Babemists  [ba-bu'-vists] :  see  Babouvistes  (In¬ 
dex). 


66 


BABIL 


BACKGAMMON 


Babil  [ba-beel'J,  ruins,  II.  186,  1  b  (ill.). 

Babinet,  Jacques  [ba-be-na],  French  physicist, 
II.  182. 

Bab'ington,  Anthony,  English  conspirator,  II. 
182 ;  YI.  533,  2  be ;  XI.  235,  2  a. 

Babington,  William,  English  physician,  II.  182. 

Babirusa  [ba-be-roo'-sa] :  see  Babyroussa. 

Babis  [ba'-beez]  and  Babists:  see  Babism,  II. 
183,  1  a,  c,  and  XIII.  320,  1  ab. 

Bab'ism,  Mohammedan  heresy,  II.  182.  Babist 
doctrine,  183,  1  b. 

Babo,  Franz  Marius  von  [ba'-bo],  German  dram¬ 
atist,  II.  183. 

Baboeuf:  see  Babeuf. 

Babolo ,  sea  worm,  VII.  101,  2  a. 

Baboon',  II.  183.  Chacma,  or  pig-faced  ba¬ 
boon,  2  c  (ill.).  Dog-faced  baboon,  184,  1  b 
(ill.);  I.  168,  2  a.  Guinea  baboon,  II.  184, 
1  b.  Little  baboon,  2  a  (ill.).  Ribbed-nose 
baboon,  or  mandrill,  2  c  (ill.).  Drill,  ib.  (ill., 
185).  Gelada,  185,  1  c  (ill.). 

Baboos ',  Hindoo  brokers,  III.  573,  1  c. 

Babouvistes  [Fr.  ba-boo-veest],  followers  of  Ba¬ 
beuf,  II.  182, 1  a;  XY.  140,  2  c  (Babeuvists). 

Bobu  Keshab  Chander  Sen,  head  of  the  sect  of 
the  Brahmo-Samaj,  IX.  231,  1  be. 

Babul ,  tree,  IX.  203,  2  ab. 

Bab'ylon,  II.  185.  Kasr,  186,  1  b  (ill.).  Ba¬ 
bil,  1  b  (ill.).  Birs  Niinrud,  187,  2  a  (ill.). 
Amran  (mound),  188,  2  c.  Destruction  of: 
see  Conflagration,  Y.  234,  1  c. 

Babylo'nia,  II.  189. 

Babylonian  brick  (ill.),  II.  188,  2  b. 

Babylonian  monuments ,  I.  653,  1  c. 

Babylonians ,  the ,  a  mixed  race,  II.  36,  2  c. 

Babylon' ic  language :  see  Chaldee  Language, 
IY.  230,  2  c. 

Babylo'nish  Captivity,  II.  190. 

Babylonish  captivity ,  so  styled,  XIY.  399,  2  a. 

Babyrous'sa,  or  Babirusa,  animal,  II.  191  (ill.). 

Baccalau' reate,  origin  of  the  expression,  X. 
208,  2  be. 

Baccara,  or  Baccarat  [bak-ka-ra'],  game,  II. 
192. 

Baccarat  [bak-ka-ra],  town  of  France,  II.  192. 

Bacchana'lia,  or  Dionysia,  II.  192.  Baccha¬ 
nalian  procession,  1  c  (ill.).  Suppressed  by 
the  Roman  senate,  193,  1  a. 

Bacchantes  [bak-kan'-teez],  II.  193.  Among 
medimval  students,  2  b. 

Bacchiaclce  [bak-kl'-a-de],  rulers  of  Corinth,  Y. 
353,  1  c. 

Bac' chi  a'ra,  rock  in  the  Rhine,  II.  198,  2  b. 

Baochiglione  [bak-ke-lyo'-ne],  river,  II.  193. 


Bac'chis,  ancient  city,  supposed  remains  of, 
VII.  103,  1  a. 

Bac'chus,  god  of  wine,  II.  193.  Birth  of,  1  a, 

.  and  XIY.  758,  2  b. 

Bacchus  wine,  XII.  190,  2  b. 

Bacchylides  [bak-kil'-e-deez],  Greek  poet,  II. 
193. 

Baccio  della  Porta  [bat'-cho  del'-la  por'-ta] : 
see  Bartolommeo. 

Bacciochi,  Napoleone  Elisa  [bat-cho'-ke],  prin¬ 
cess,  II.  193.  Napoleone  Camerata,  194, 1  a. 
Count  Felice,  ib.  Marie  Anne  Elisa,  sister  of 
Napoleon  I.,  III.  25,  2  b.  Felice  Pasquale,  ib. 
Bach  [bakh],  name  of  a  German  musical  fami¬ 
ly,  II.  194.  Yeit,  1  b.  Hans,  ib.  Heinrich, 

1  c.  Johann  AEgidius,  ib.  Georg  Christoph, 

2  a.  Johann  Ambrosius,  ib.  Johann  Chris¬ 
toph,  ib.  Johann  Michael,  2  c.  Johann 
Bernard,  ib.  Johann  Sebastian,  the  great 
Bach,  195,  1  a.  Johann  Ernst,  196,  2  ab. 
Wilhelm  Friedemann,  the  Halle  Bach,  2  b. 
Karl  Philipp  Emanuel,  the  Hamburg  Bach, 

197,  1  b.  Johann  Christoph  Friedrich,  the 
Biickeburg  Bach,  2  c.  Johann  Christian,  the 
Milan  or  London  Bach,  198,  1  a.  Cascilia 
Giassi  Bach,  1  c. 

BAcn,  Alexander,  baron,  Austrian  statesman, 
II.  198. 

Baciiarach  [ba'-kha-rakh],  town  of  Prussia,  II. 

198. 

Bachaumont,  Francois  le  Coigneux  de  [ba-sho- 
mo"f],  French  writer,  II.  198. 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas  [baitch],  American 
savant  and  hydrograph er,  II.  198.  See  At¬ 
lantic  Ocean,  II.  74,  1  be;  Coast  Survey, 
IY.  756,  2  a,  and  762,  1  ab. 

Bache,  Benjamin  Franklin,  physician,  II.  199. 
Bache,  Richard,  merchant,  II.  199. 

Bache,  Sarah,  only  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Franklin,  II.  199.  Her  labors  for  the  needy 
soldiers  of  the  revolution,  2  c. 

Bachelet,  Jean  Louis  Theodore  [bash-la], 
French  cyclopaedist  and  historian,  II.  199. 
Bach'elor,  origin  of  the  term,  X.  208,  2  be. 
Bachman,  John  [bak'-man],  American  natural¬ 
ist,  II.  200.  (Died  1874.) 

Bacilla'ria  paradox' a  (botany),  YI.  84,  2  be 
(ill.,  85). 

Back,  Sir  George,  English  navigator,  II.  200. 
Back  bay,  Boston,  III.  116,  2  b;  118,  1  ab. 

“  Backbone  of  England,”  a  ridge,  X.  134,  1  b. 
Back'gammon,  game,  II.  200.  Backgammon 
board  (ill.),  2  b.  To  backgammon  one,  201, 
1  a. 


BACKHUYSEN 


BAGAY’S 


67 


Bacehuysen,  or  Bakhuysen,  Ludolf  [bak'-hoi- 
zen],  Dutch  painter,  II.  201. 

Back'us,  Isaac,  American  clergyman,  II.  201. 

Bacler  d’Albe,  Louis  Albert  Gliislain,  baron 
de  [b&k-lair  dalb],  French  painter,  II.  201. 

Bacolor  [ba-ko-lore'],  town  of  the  Philippines, 
II.  201. 

Ba'con,  Anne,  mother  of  Lord  Bacon,  II.  201. 

Bacon,  Francis,  Viscount  St.  Albans  and  Baron 
Verulam,  philosopher,  II.  201.  His  proposed 
“  college  of  the  six  days’  works,”  2  c.  His 
parliamentary  eloquence,  202,  1  be.  His 
“Essays,”  2  a.  His  conduct  toward  Lord 
Essex,  2  be.  His  political  advancement,  203, 
1  a,  ff.  Lord  high  chancellor,  2  b.  His 
Norum  Organum ,  ib.  His  trial  and  disgrace, 
204,  2  a.  His  law  writings,  205,  1  b.  Aided 
in  his  trial  by  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  III.  543,  2  c. 
His  theory  of  heat,  V.  377,  2  c;  VIII.  567, 
1  c ;  of  the  design  of  miracles,  XI.  625,  1  c. 
His  perfidious  conduct  in  the  case  of  Peacli- 
am,  XV.  851,  1  b.  See  Philosophy,  passim, 
specially  XIII.  440,  2  b. 

Bacon,  John,  sculptor,  II.  205. 

Bacon,  Leonard,  D.  D.,  American  clergyman, 
II.  206.  Delia,  teacher  and  writer,  1  c. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  the  Virginia  rebel,  II.  206  ; 
561,  1  b. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  statesman,  father  of  Lord 
Bacon,  II.  206. 

Bacon,  Roger,  Franciscan  friar  and  scholar,  II. 
206.  His  speaking  brazen  head,  155,  1  ab. 

Bacs,  or  Bacska  [batch,  batch'-kaw],  county  of 
Hungary,  II.  207.  Town,  2  a. 

Bacsanyi,  Janos  [botch'-an-ye],  Hungarian  po¬ 
et,  II.  207. 

Bacteria :  see  Bacterium:. 

Bacte'rium  (plural,  bacteriums  or  bacteria), 
II.  207.  Presence  of  bacteria  in  putrefac¬ 
tion,  I.  571,  1  b ;  VII.  144,  2  a.  Mode  of 
generation,  II.  208,  2  ab ;  XV.  284,  1  c,  2  c. 

Bactra ,  or  Zariaspe,  ancient  city,  II.  208,  1  be. 

Bac'tria,  or  Bactriana,  ancient  country,  II. 
208.  Bactrian  coins,  2  a  (ill.,  1  c). 

Bactrian ,  Old :  see  Iranic  Races  and  Lan¬ 
guages,  IX.  347,  1  a. 

Bactrian' a  :  see  Bactria. 

Baczko,  Ludwig  von  [bats'-ko],  German  au¬ 
thor,  II.  208. 

Badagio,  Anselmo  [ba-da'-jo],  (Pope  Alexander 
II.),  I.  278,  1  a. 

Badajoz  [ba-^Aa-'hoath'],  province  of  Spain, 
II.  208.  Town,  2  ab.  Peace  of,  XV.  213, 
1  c. 


BadaJcar',  a  tribe  of  India,  IX.  215,  2  c. 

Badakiishan  [ba-dak-shan'J,  country  of  cen¬ 
tral  Asia,  II.  209. 

Baden  [ba'-den],  grand  duchy  of  Germany,  II. 
209. 

Baden,  town  of  Lower  Austria,  II.  210.  Town 
of  Switzerland,  211,  1  a. 

Baden-Baden,  German  watering  place,  II.  211 
(ill.). 

Baden-Baden ,  line  of,  II.  210,  2  a. 

Baden-Baden,  Ludwig  Wilhelm  I.,  margrave 
of,  a  general,  II.  211. 

Baden- Durlach,  line  of,  II.  210,  2  a. 

Badge  of  fraud,  in  law,  VII.  445,  1  b  (Fraud). 

Badger,  animal,  II.  212  (ill.).  American  bad¬ 
ger,  2  c  (ill.).  Indian  badger,  213,  1  b  (ill.). 
Badger’s  fur,  VII.  597,  2  ab.  The  wombat 
so  called,  XVI.  702,  2  c. 

Badia  y  Leblich,  Domingo  [ba-^Ae'-a  e  la- 
bleech'],  (Ali  Bey),  Spanish  traveller,  II.  213. 

Badius,  Jodocus,  or  Josse  [ba'-de-us],  Dutch 
printer  and  author,  II.  213.  Conrad,  2  b. 

“  Bad  lands,”  of  the  w'est,  XI.  622,  2  b ; 
XIV.  381,  1  c. 

Badrinath :  see  Bhadrinath. 

Badr-Oodin ,  sultan  of  Banca,  II.  265,  1  b. 

Badui'la :  see  Totila. 

Baena  [ba-a'-na],  town  of  Spain,  II.  213. 

Baer,  Karl  Ernst  von  [fon  bair],  Russian  nat¬ 
uralist,  II.  213.  His  discovery  of  the  egg  in 
the  ovary,  VI.  561,  1  b.  His  ascending 
series  from  osseous  fishes  to  reptiles,  VIII. 
694,  1  c.  His  classification  of  mammals,  XI. 
81, 1  ab ;  of  birds,  XII.  707,  2  a.  On  mollusca, 
XI.  51,  1  b;  evolution,  VII.  10,  2  b,  14,  2  be. 

Baerle,  Gaspard  van  [bar'-leh],  (Barlieus), 
Dutch  poet  and  theologian,  II.  213. 

Baert:  see  Bart,  Jean. 

Bceterra ,  or  Baaterrse  :  see  Beziers. 

Bce'tis :  see  Guadalquivir. 

Bcetyl'ia ,  VI.  154,  1  b  (Divination). 

Baez,  Buenaventura  [ba'-ace  or  bice],  presi¬ 
dent  of  Santo  Domingo,  II.  214. 

Baeza  [ba-a'-tha],  city  of  Spain,  II.  214. 

Baf'fin,  William,  English  navigator  and  arctic 
explorer,  II.  214;  I.  669,  2  a. 

Baffin  Bay,  II.  214. 

Baffo,  the  Pure,  II.  214. 

Baffomet :  see  Bapiiomet. 

Bag'acum ,  ancient  city  :  see  Bavay. 

Bagaria :  see  Bagheria. 

Bagarmi ,  African  tribe,  II.  216,  2  a. 

Bagau'd.e,  or  Bagaudi,  Gallic  peasants,  II.  214. 

Baga'tfs  tables  of  logarithms ,  X.  578,  1  c. 


68 


BAGDAD 


BAIN 


Bag'dad  [properly,  bag-dad'],  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  II.  215  (ill.,  Ezekiel’s  tomb).  Sacked 
and  burned  by  Tartars,  Y.  234,  2  a ;  by 
Turks,  ib.,  and  I.  447,  1  be. 

Bage,  Robert,  English  novelist,  II.  216. 

Bag'gesen,  Jens  Immanuel,  Swedish  poet,  II. 
216. 

Bagheria,  or  Bagaria  [ba-ga'-re-a,  -ga'-re-a], 
town  of  Sicily,  II.  216. 

Baghirmi  [ba-gheer'-me],  kingdom  of  Africa, 
II.  216. 

Baghistan' :  see  Behistun. 

Baghul :  see  Bagtjl. 

Baglivi  [ba-lye'-ve],  his  description  of  tarantis- 
mus,  Y.  663,  2  c. 

Bagneees-de-Bigoree,  and  B.-de-Luchon  [ba- 
nyair-duh-be-gor,  -lti-shong],  bathing  towns 
of  France,  II.  216. 

Bagnolen'ses ,  I.  243,  2  b  (Albanenses)  ;  IY. 
116,  1  b  (Cathaeists). 

Bagnoles  [ba-nyul],  hamlet  of  France,  II.  216. 

Bago'as,  eunuch,  officer  of  Artaxerxes  Ochus, 
II.  216. 

Bag  of  waters,  XII.  569,  2  c,  570,  1  a  (Ob¬ 
stetrics). 

Bago'ses:  see  Bagoas,  II.  216,  2  c. 

Bag'ot,  Sir  Charles,  English  diplomatist,  II. 
216. 

Bagpipe,  musical  wind  instrument,  II.  217. 

Bagpipes ,  molluscoid  animals,  XI.  725,  1  ab. 

Bageadas'  :  see  Mejeeda. 

Bagrat',  or  Bagrad',  II.  217,  1  b. 

Bagratides,  or  Bagradites  [ba-grat'-ids,  ba- 
grad'-its],  a  royal  family,  II.  217 ;  I.  723, 
2  b  ;  724,  1  c. 

Bagration,  Peter  [ba-gra'-te-on],  prince,  II. 
217.  Family,  I.  723,  2  b. 

Bagre  [ba-gra'],  a  fish,  VIII.  279,  1  c.  Its 
method  of  hatching  its  eggs,  VII.  239,  2  ab. 

Baguet  [ba-ga/],  a  kind  of  tulip,  XYI.  26,  2  b. 

Bagul,  or  Baghul  [ba-gul'],  state  of  India,  II. 
217. 

Bahadour,  Shall  Mohammed  [ba-ha'-door],  titu¬ 
lar  Mogul  emperor,  Y.  781,  1  be. 

Baha'mas,  islands,  II.  217. 

Bahawalpoor  :  see  Bhawalpoor. 

Bahia  [ba-e'-a],  province  of  Brazil,  II.  218. 
Capital  town,  2  c. 

Bahia  de  Todos  Santos  [ba-S'-a  da  to'-doce  san'- 
toce] :  see  All  Saints’  Bay. 

Bahia  Honda  expedition ,  X.  635,  1  a. 

BlnR,  Johann  Christian  Felix  [bair],  German 
philologist,  II.  219. 

Bohr  Banias,  lake,  IX.  683,  2  a. 


Bahr  Bela-ma,  river  without  water,  XIY.  389, 
2  c. 

Baiirdt,  Ivarl  Friedrich,  German  theologian, 
II.  219. 

Bahrein  (or  Aval)  Islands,  II.  219. 

Bahr-el-Abiad  (Nile),  I.  166,  2  b.  See  Nile. 

Bahri  dynasty,  XI.  73,  2  b. 

Bahr  Khait,  lake,  IX.  683,  2  a. 

Bahurutse,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  b. 

Bai'je,  ancient  town,  II.  220. 

Baian,  Avar  khan,  II.  158,  2  c. 

BaidarJcas,  skin  boats,  X.  40,  1  a. 

Baidiglio  [bl-de'-lyo],  marble,  IY.  24,  2  c. 

Baikal  [bl-kal'],  lake,  II.  220.  Baikalian 
mountains,  2  a. 

BaiJcie,  Dr.,  African  explorer,  II.  532,  2  c. 

Bail,  in  law,  II.  220.  Bail  below,  2  b  ;  above, 
ib.  Bail  piece,  2  c.  Common  bail,  221, 1  a. 
Special  bail,  in  a  civil  action,  XIY.  231,  1  ab. 

Bailen :  see  Baylen. 

Bai'ley,  Gamaliel,  American  journalist,  II.  221. 

Bailey,  Jacob  Whitman,  American  naturalist, 
II.  221. 

Bailey,  Lieut.  Col.  Joseph,  American  engineer, 
I.  290, 1  c. 

Bailey,  Nathan,  English  lexicographer,  II.  221. 

Bailey,  Philip  James,  English  poet,  II.  221. 

Bailey,  Samuel,  English  philosopher,  II.  221. 

Bailey,  Theodorus,  American  naval  officer,  II. 

222. 

Bailie,  a  Scotch  officer,  II.  222,  1  c. 

Bailiff,  II.  222.  Bailiwick,  1  b.  Bound  bail¬ 
iff  (vulgarly,  bum-bailiff);  ib. 

Baillet,  Adrien  [ba-ya],  French  writer,  II.  222. 

Bailleul  [ba-yhl],  town  of  France,  II.  222. 

Bailliage  [ba-yazh],  II.  222. 

Bail'lie,  Joanna,  Scottish  poet,  II.  222. 

Baillie,  Matthew,  Scottish  physician,  II.  223. 

Baillie,  Robert,  Scottish  theologian,  II.  223. 

Baillot,  Pierre  Marie  Francois  de  Sales  [ba- 
yo],  French  violinist,  II.  223. 

Bailly,  Jean  Sylvain  [ba-ye],  French  astron¬ 
omer  and  statesman,  II.  223.  His  tlieorv  of 
the  origin  of  Hindoo  astronomy,  43,  2  b. 

Bailment,  in  law,  II.  224. 

Bail  piece,  in  law,  XIY.  231,  1  ab. 

Bails,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  Y.  482,  1  c. 

Bai'ly,  Edward  Hodges,  English  sculptor,  II. 
224. 

Baily,  Francis,  English  astronomer,  II.  224. 

Baily,  Nathan:  see  Bailey. 

Baily' s  group  of  islands,  III.  67,  2  ab. 

Bain,  Alexander,  Scottish  philosopher,  II.  224. 
On  logic,  X.  582,  1  c. 


BAIN 


BALBI 


69 


Bain,  Alexander ,  inventor  of  an  electric  clock, 
IV.  700,  2  a;  of  the  electro-chemical  tele¬ 
graph,  XV.  013,  2  b.  (Died  1877.) 

Bain'bridge ,  county  seat,  V.  748,  1  a. 

Bainbridge,  William,  American  naval  officer, 
II.  224.  His  captivity  in  Tripoli,  225,  1  be, 
and  338,  2  he. 

Bairam  [bi-ram'],  name  of  Mohammedan  holi¬ 
days,  II.  225. 

Baird,  Sir  David,  British  general,  II.  225. 

Baird,  Robert,  D.  D.,  American  clergyman,  II. 
225. 

Baird,  Spencer  Fullerton,  American  natural¬ 
ist,  II.  226.  His  classification  of  mammals, 
XI.  81,  1  c. 

Bairdstoicn :  see  Bardstown. 

Baireuth,  or  Bayreuth  [bi'-roit],  city  of  Ger¬ 
many,  II.  226  (ill.). 

Baissiers  [ba-se-a],  operators  in  the  Paris 
bourse,  XV.  388,  2  c. 

Bahts,  Michael,  Flemish  theologian,  II.  227. 

Bajaus ,  sea  gypsies,  II.  264,  2  be. 

B  ajazet',  Bajazid,  or  Bayazid  [ba-ya-zeed'],  two 
sultans,  II.  227.  Bajazet  I.,  allusions  to,  I. 
227,  1  b;  446,  1  ab. 

Bajazid,  or  Bayazid,  town  of  Armenia,  II.  227. 

Bakacs,  Tamas  [bok'-otch],  Hungarian  states¬ 
man,  II.  227. 

Bakalahari  [ba-ka-la-ha'-re],  African  tribe, 
II.  228 ;  438,  2  be. 

Baked-apple  berry,  XIV.  209,  2  c. 

Baker,  four  counties,  II.  228. 

Baker,  Edward  Dickinson,  American  senator 
and  soldier,  II.  228. 

Baker,  Henry,  English  teacher  of  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  II.  228. 

Baker,  Osmon  Oleander,  D.  D.,  American  bish¬ 
op,  II.  228. 

Baker,  Sir  Samuel  White,  African  explorer, 
II.  229,  and  I.  167,  1  c.  Commissioned  to 
check  the  slave  trade,  I.  171,  1  a. 

Bakewell,  town  of  England,  II.  229. 

Bakewell,  Robert,  English  agriculturist,  II. 
229. 

Bakumut  [bakh-moot'],  town  of  Russia,  II.  229. 

BAKnTcmsERAi  [bakh-che-sa-rT],  town  of  the 
Crimea,  II.  229. 

Bakhtegan',  lake  of  Persia,  II.  230. 

Bakhtiars,  nomadic  tribe,  IX.  180,  1  c. 

Bakhtish'wa,  family  of  Nestorian  physicians, 
II.  230. 

Pakhuysen :  see  Backhuysen. 

Bakhtiyari  [bakh-te-ya'-re],  Persian  tribe,  X. 
724,  2  ab. 


Balcing  powders :  see  Yeast  Powders. 

Bakony  [bok'-ony’],  or  Forest  of  Bakony, 
mountain  range  of  Hungary,  II.  230. 

Bakoo :  see  Baku. 

Baku  [ba-koo'],  a  government  of  Russia,  II. 

230.  Capital  town,  2  c. 

Bakunin,  Mikhail  [ba-koo-nin'],  Russian  revo¬ 
lutionist,  II.  231. 

Bakwains,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  b. 

Bal,  or  Beal  (=  Baal),  Irish  deity,  II.  178,  2  a. 
Balaam  [ba'-lam],  soothsayer,  II.  231. 
Balabala  [ba-la-ba'-la],  tree  fern,  VII.  110,  1  b. 
Balada,  ballad  of  the  troubadours,  XII.  88,  2  b. 
Balw'na  (zoology),  XVI.  580,  1  c.  B.  mysti- 
cetus,  ib.  (ill.).  B.  australis,  2  c. 

Balcenidce,  family  of  whales,  XVI.  580,  1  b. 
Baleenop' tera  bo'dps  (zoology),  XIV.  429,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Balaka,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  b. 

Balaklava  [ba-la-kla'-va],  town  of  the  Crimea, 

II.  231  (ill.).  Balaklava-Greek  battalion,  2  b. 
Slaughter  of  Lord  Cardigan’s  light  brigade 
at,  2  c. 

Balalaika  [ba-la-lT-ka],  musical  instrument,  II. 
232. 

Bal'ance,  II.  232.  Common,  1  c  (ill.).  Con¬ 
ditions  of  greatest  delicacy,  233,  1  a.  Chem¬ 
ical  balance,  1  c  (ill.).  Spring  balance,  II; 
234,  2  c;  VI.  489,  2  be;  XVI.  537,  1  c.  Bal¬ 
ance,  or  scales,  antiquity  of,  2  c.  Torsion 
balance,  Coulomb’s,  II.  234,  1  c.  Michell’s, 
for  measuring  the  earth’s  density,  VI.  357, 
2  c  (ilk).  Torsion  balance  electrometer,  503, 
2  be  (ill.,  504).  See  Prechtl  (Index). 
Balance  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  2  a  and  c. 
Balance  of  organic  nature,  V.  380,  1  c. 

Balance  of  a  watch ,  IV.  700,  2  c.  Balance 
wheel,  ib. 

Balanguini  [ba-lan-ghe'-ne],  islet,  II.  234. 
Balani'nus  nu'cum  (entomology),  XVI.  536, 1  a. 
Balard,  Antoine  Jerome  [ba-lar],  French 
chemist,  II.  235.  His  discovery  of  bromine, 

III.  307,  2  c. 

Balaruo  [ba-la-ruk],  watering  place  of  France, 
II.  235. 

Balasore',  city  of  India,  II.  235. 

Balas  ruby,  XV.  271,  2  b. 

Balassa-Gyarmath  [bol'-osh-shaw-dyor'-mot], 
town  of  Hungary,  II.  235. 

Balaton,  Lake,  II.  235. 

Balaustines  [ba-laws'-tins],  flowers  of  pome¬ 
granate,  XIII.  692,  2  ab. 

Balbi,  Adriano  [bal'-be],  Italian  geographer, 
II.  235.  Eugenio,  geographer,  2  b. 


70 


BALBI 


BALLOONING 


Balbi,  Giovanni  de  Janua  or  Januensis,  Do¬ 
minican  friar  and  author,  II.  235. 

Balbi,  Countess  de,  II.  235. 

Balbi'nus,  Decimus  Cselius,  Roman  emperor, 
II.  235. 

Balbo,  Cesare,  count,  Italian  statesman,  II.  236. 

Balbo'a,  Yasco  Nufiez  de,  Spanish  discoverer, 
II.  236. 

Balbrig'gan,  town  of  Ireland,  II.  236. 

Balbuena,  Bernardo  de  [bal-bwa'-na],  Spanish 
poet,  II.  236. 

Bal'bus,  Lucius  Cornelius  (Major),  Roman  con¬ 
sul,  II.  236.  Lucius  Cornelius  (Minor),  2  c. 
Quintus  Lucilius,  philosopher,  237,  1  ab. 
Lucius  Octavius,  jurist,  1  b.  Titus  Ampius, 
tribune,  ib. 

Balde,  Jakob  [bal'-deh],  German  poet,  II.  237. 

Baldi,  Bernardino  [bal'-de],  Italian  scholar, 
II.  237. 

Bald-pate  (widgeon),  III.  733,  2  a;  XYI.  615, 
2  c. 

Baldr :  see  Baldur. 

Bal'dur,  Balder,  or  Baldr,  in  Scandinavian 
mythology,  II.  237 ;  XII.  119,  2  c. 

Baldur ,  or  Phol,  in  German  mythology,  XII. 
120,  1  c. 

Baldwin  [bawld'-win],  two  counties,  II.  237. 

Baldwin,  counts  of  Flanders,  II.  238. 

Baldwin,  emperors  of  Constantinople,  II.  238. 

Baldwin,  kings  of  Jerusalem,  II.  238. 

Baldwin,  John  Dennison,  American  journalist 
and  archaeologist,  II.  239. 

Baldwin's  phosphorus :  see  Phosphorus  (Index). 

Bale  [bal] :  see  Basel. 

Balear'ica  (ornithology),  Y.  457,  2  c ;  458,  2 
ab.  B.  pavonina,  458,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Balearic  Islands,  II.  239. 

Balearic  sea ,  part  of  the  Mediterranean,  XI. 
353,  2  c. 

Balearicus ,  surname  of  Q.  C.  Metellus,  II.  239, 
2  a. 

Balearis  Minor :  see  Minorca. 

BALkcHou,  Jean  Jacques  Nicolas  [ba-la-shoo], 
French  engraver,  II.  239. 

Baleen ' :  see  W halebone. 

Balen,  Hendrik  van  [ba'-len],  Flemish  painter, 
II.  239. 

Bales'tra,  Antonio,  Italian  painter,  II.  239. 
Giovanni,  referred  to,  2  c. 

Balee,  Michael  William  [half],  Irish  composer, 
II.  239.  Yictoria,  vocalist,  240,  1  c. 

Balfour,  Alexander  [bal'-foor],  Scottish  au¬ 
thor,  II.  240. 

Balfour,  Sir  James,  Scottish  jurist,  II.  240. 


Balfour,  Walter,  American  clergyman,  II.  240. 
Balfrush  [bal-frooslr],  town  of  Persia,  II.  240. 
Balfurush  [bal-foo-roosli'] :  see  Balfrush. 

Bali  [ba'-le],  island,  II.  240. 

Bali ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  II.  159,  1  b;  in 
Scandinavian  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  a. 
Balih-Denghis  [ba-leek'-den-gheess'J,  Turkish 
name  of  the  sea  of  Azov,  II.  175,  1  b. 

Baliol  :  see  Balliol. 

Balisaur  [ba-le-sour'J,  Indian  badger,  II.  213, 

1  ab  (ill.). 

Balize  [ba-leez'],  town,  II.  241.  See  Hon¬ 
duras,  British. 

Balkan'  Mountains,  II.  241. 

Balkash',  lake  of  Siberia,  II.  241. 

Balkii  [baPh],  country  of  central  Asia,  II. 

241.  Capital  city,  242,  2  b. 

Balkhash :  see  Balkash. 

Ball,  Game  of:  see  Base  Ball. 

Ball,  John,  English  preacher,  II.  242. 

Ball,  Thomas,  American  sculptor,  II.  242. 
BALLANcnE,  Pierre  Simon  [bal-langsh],  French 
writer,  II.  242. 

Bal'lantyne,  James,  Scottish  printer,  II.  242. 

John,  publisher,  243,  1  b. 

Ballan  wrasse ,  fish,  XYI.  734,  1  c  (ill.). 
Ballarat',  city  of  Australia,  II.  243. 
Bal'lard,  county,  II.  243. 

Ballardsville ,  county  seat,  III.  82,  1  c. 
Ballenstedt  [bal'-len-stet],  town  of  Germany, 
II.  243. 

Ballet  [bal-la],  II.  243  ;  X.  712,  2  ab. 
Ballina  [bal-le-na/],  seaport  of  Ireland,  II.  244. 
Ballinasloe  [bal-le-na-slo'J,  town  of  Ireland, 
II.  244. 

Balling,  Karl  Joseph  Napoleon  [bal'-ling], 
Bohemian  chemist,  II.  244. 

Balliol,  John  [bal'-yul],  king  of  Scotland,  II. 

244.  Edward,  king,  2  b. 

Balliol  college ,  founders  of,  II.  244,  2  ab. 

Notice  of,  XII.  764,  2  c;  765,  1  c. 
Ballis'ta,  military  engine,  II.  245.  A  name 
of  the  crossbow,  1  be.  Ballistarius,  ib. 
Mention  of,  IY.  101,  2  a. 

Balloon'  :  see  Aeronautics.  First  construc¬ 
tion  of,  I.  145,  2  c  (ill.,  146).  Modern,  149, 

2  a  (ill.).  Yalve,  Giffard’s,  2  c  (ill.,  150). 
Qoncave  appearance  of  the  earth  as  seen 
from  it,  150,  1  c. 

Balloon  fish,  XIY.  738,  2  c  (ill.,  739). 
Ballooning :  see  Aeronautics.  Use  of  hydro¬ 
gen  gas  discovered,  I.  145,  1  c.  First  fatal 
accident,  146,  2  a.  Number  who  have  per¬ 
ished,  2  b.  Ascents  in  the  interest  of  sci- 


BALLOONS 


BAMFF 


71 


ence,  147,  1  a;  the  most  remarkable,  2  a. 
Use  in  war,  148,  1  c,  2  a,  b,  c ;  for  observing 
the  sun’s  eclipse,  149,  1  c. 

Balloons ,  mountain  summits  of  the  Yosges, 
VII.  367,  1  be. 

Balloon  voyage ,  first  successful,  I.  146,  2a;  II. 
693,  2  b;  IX.  599,  2  a. 

Bal'lot,  II.  245.  In  Athens,  1  c.  In  Rome, 
2  ab.  In  the  United  States,  2  b.  In  Europe, 
246,  1  a.  In  England,  1  b. 

Balloting ,  of  a  shot,  VIII.  324,  2  c  (ill.,  325). 

Ballottement  [bal-liit-mang],  in  obstetrics,  XII. 
569,  1  a. 

Balloij,  Hosea  [bal-loo'],  American  clergyman, 
II.  246.  Hosea,  clergyman,  2  a.  Maturin 
Murray,  journalist,  2  b.  Moses,  author,  ib. 

BalVs  Bluff,  battle  of,  XVI.  176,  1  a. 

Ball'ston  Spa  [spa  or  spaw],  village  of  New 
York,  II.  246. 

Battue  de  Bellanglise  [ba-lii  duh  bel-an?-gleez], 
Beranger’s  schoolmaster,  II.  547,  1  ab. 

Ballyme'na,  town  of  Ireland,  II.  246. 

Balme,  Col  de  [kul  duh  balm],  pass  in  the 
Alps,  I.  354,  1  c. 

Balmes,  Jaime  Lucio  [bal'-mace],  Spanish  theo¬ 
logian  and  philosopher,  II.  247. 

Balm  of  Gilead  [bam],  a  plant  and  its  balsam, 
II.  247  (ill.).  Balm  of  Gilead  trees,  1  c; 
VII.  208,  1  a  (balsam  fir,  ill.);  XIII.  712, 
2  a  (balsam  poplar). 

Balmo'ral,  Queen  Victoria’s  summer  residence, 
II.  247. 

Balnav'es,  Henry,  Scottish  reformer,  II.  247. 

Balsam  [bawl'-sum],  in  botany,  II.  247.  Gar¬ 
den  balsam,  248, 1  a  (ill.).  A  name  of  Men- 
zies’s  spruce,  XV.  291,  1  c.  See  Balsams. 

Balsam  coast,  Central  America,  II.  248,  2  b. 

Balsam  fir,  tree,  VII.  208,  1  a  (ill.).  Fraser’s 
balsam  fir,  2  b.  Balsam  of  fir,  turpentine, 
XVI.  77,  1  be. 

Balsamine  [bawl'-sa-min],  garden  balsam,  II. 
248,  1  b. 

Balsamito  [bal-sa-me'-to],  tincture  of  balsam, 
II.  248,  2  c. 

Balsamo,  Giuseppe  [bal'-sa-mo],  real  name  of 
the  impostor,  count  di  Cagliostro,  III.  548, 
2  be. 

Balsamoden' dron  Ehrenbergian'um  (botany), 
XII.  Ill  (ill.).  B.  Gileadense,  II.  247,  1  a; 
250,  1  c. 

Balsam  poplar :  see  Poplar,  XIII.  712,  2  a. 

Balsams,  II.  248.  Balsam  of  Peru,  2  b  (ill.). 
Black  balsam,  249, 1  a.  Balsam  of  Tolu,  1  b 
(ill.).  Styrax  officinalis,  2  b  (ill.).  Canada 


balsam,  2  c.  Balsam  copaiba,  250,  1  a  (ill.). 
Balsam  of  Mecca,  247,  1  a ;  250,  1  c. 

Balta  [bal'-ta],  town  of  Russia,  II.  250. 

Baltacchini,  Saverio  [bal-tak-ke'-ne],  Italian 
poet,  II.  250.  Michele,  historian  and  novel¬ 
ist,  2  b. 

Balta  Liman  [le-man'],  bay,  II.  250. 

Baltard,  Louis  Pierre  [bal-tar],  French  archi¬ 
tect,  II.  250.  Victor,  architect,  2  c.  Pros¬ 
per,  architect,  251,  1  ab.  Jules,  painter,  ib. 

Baltic  [bawl'-tik],  battle  of  the,  XII.  221,  1  c. 

Baltic  Sea,  II.  251. 

Baltimore  [bawl'-te-more],  county,  II.  252. 

Baltimore,  city,  II.  252.  View  from  Federal 
hill,  253.  General  appearance,  1  a.  Public 
buildings,  2  c.  Churches,  254, 1  ab.  Charita¬ 
ble  institutions,  1  be.  Education,  1  c.  Pea¬ 
body  institute,  255,  1  a.  Washington  monu¬ 
ment,  1  b  (ill.).  Battle  monument,  ib.  Banks, 
2  a.  Insurance  companies,  2  b.  Government, 
ib.  Water  supply,  2  c.  Intercommunication, 
ib.  Commerce,  256,  1  a.  Productive  indus¬ 
try,  1  c.  History,  ib. 

Baltimore,  Lord:  see  Calvert,  III.  629,  1  c. 

Baltimore  Bird,  II.  257  (ill.). 

Baltimore  clippers ,  XIV.  857,  2  c. 

Baltimore  oriole :  see  Baltimore  Bird. 

Baltzer,  Johann  Baptist  [balt'-ser],  German 
theologian,  II.  258. 

Baltzer,  Wilhelm  Eduard,  German  clergyman 
and  author,  II.  258. 

Balue,  Jean  de  la  [duh  la  ba-lii],  French  prel¬ 
ate  and  statesman,  II.  258. 

Baluffi,  Gaetano  [ba-loof'-fe],  Italian  prelate, 
II.  258. 

Baluze,  Etienne  [ba-liiz],  French  historian,  II. 
258. 

Balzac,  Ilonore  de  [bal-zak],  French  novelist, 
II.  258.  Laure  de,  writer,  259,  2  b. 

Balzac,  Jean  Louis  Guez,  seigneur  de,  French 
■writer,  II.  259. 

Bambar'ra,  district  of  Africa,  II.  260. 

Bamberg  [bam'-bairg],  town  of  Germany,  II. 
260. 

Bamboccio  [bam-bot'-cho],  Dutch  painter  (Pe¬ 
ter  van  Laer),  II.  260. 

Bamboo',  plant,  II.  261  (ill.).  Bamboo  leaves, 
flowers,  and  fruit  (ill.),  2  a. 

Bambook',  country  of  Africa,  II.  262. 

Bambuk- Kales' si  [bam-book'],  site  of  Hierapolis 
in  Phrygia,  VIII.  718,  1  a. 

Bambu'sa  arundina'cea  (botany),  II.  261,  1  a. 

Bamby'ce,  ancient  city,  VIII.  718,  1  a. 

Bamff:  see  Banff. 


72 


BAMIAN 


BANK 


Bamian  [bam-yan'],  valley,  pass,  and  town  of 
Afghanistan,  II.  262. 

Bamo :  see  Biiamo. 

Bampton  Lectures,  II.  262. 

Bamums  [ba'-mooms],  race  of  India,  IX.  213, 
2  c. 

Bamyan :  see  Bamian. 

Ban,  a  title,  II.  262 ;  V.  493,  2  a. 

Ban,  a  proclamation,  II.  262.  Ban  and  arriere 
ban,  263,  1  a.  See  288,  1  a. 

Banana  [ba-na'-na],  plant,  II.  263  (ill.).  Plan¬ 
tain,  2  c. 

Banana  Islands,  coast  of  Africa,  II.  264. 

Ban  anal',  island  of  Brazil,  II.  264. 

Banana  shrub ,  a  species  of  magnolia,  XI.  21, 
1  c. 

Ban'at,  district  of  Hungary,  II.  264. 

Ban  Bank :  see  Bank  Ban. 

Ban'bury,  town  of  England,  II.  264. 

Banca,  island  of  the  Malay  archipelago,  II.  264. 

Bancroft,  Aaron,  American  clergyman,  II.  265. 

Bancroft,  Edward,  English  naturalist  and 
physician,  II.  265. 

Bancroft,  George,  American  historian  and 
statesman,  II.  265;  XVI.  192,  2  a. 

j Bancroft,  H.  H.,  his  work  on  the  native  races 
of  the  Pacific  states,  XVI.  204,  1  ab. 

Bancroft,  Richard,  English  prelate,  II.  267. 

Banda  Islands,  in  the  Moluccas,  II.  267. 

Banda  Oriental  :  see  Uruguay,  and  I.  693,  2  c. 

Bandar'ra,  Gonzalo  Annes,  Portuguese  im¬ 
provisator,  II.  267. 

Bandel,  Joseph  Ernst  von  [ban'-del],  German 
sculptor,  II.  267.  (Died  1876.) 

Bandel'lo,  Matteo,  Italian  novelist,  II.  268. 

Bande'ra,  county,  II.  268. 

Bandera  City ,  county  seat,  II.  268,  1  c. 

Bandettini,  Teresa  [ban-det-te'-ne],  Italian 
poetess,  II.  268. 

Ban'dicoot,  animal,  II.  268.  Banded  bandi¬ 
coot,  2  a  (ill.)*  Long-nosed  bandicoot,  ib. 
Chceropus,  2  be. 

Bandiera,  Attilio  and  Emilio  [ban-de-a'-ra], 
Italian  patriots,  II.  268. 

Bandillero  [ban-de-lya'-ro],  in  bull  fighting, 
III.  426,  1  b. 

Bandinel'li,  Baccio,  Italian  sculptor,  II.  269. 

Bandinelli,  Rolando,  name  of  Pope  Alexander 
III.,  I.  279,  1  c. 

Bandoline  [ban'-do-lin],  quince  mucilage,  XIV. 
152,  1  be. 

Ban'don,  river  of  Ireland,  II.  269.  Town,  1  c. 

Bandonbridge :  see  Bandon. 

Bandtke,  or  Bandtkie,  Jerzy  Samuel  [bant'- 


ka,  -kya],  Polish  historian,  II.  269.  Jan 
Wincenty,  1  c. 

Banees :  see  Banyans  (Index). 

Baner,  Johan  [ba'-ner],  Swedish  general,  II. 
269. 

Banff  [bamf],  town  of  Scotland,  II.  269. 
County :  see  Banffshire. 

Banffshire,  county  of  Scotland,  II.  269. 

Bang,  or  Banj,  narcotic  drug,  II.  269 ;  798, 
2  c ;  VIII.  633,  1  ab. 

Banga ,  sultan  of  Bagbirmi’s  title,  II.  216,  2  a. 

Bangalang' ,  slave  factory  of,  III.  720,  2  c. 

Bangdli  [ban-ga'-le],  or  Bengalee',  language, 
IX.  216,  2  c.  Alphabet  of,  217,  1  c.  Gram¬ 
mar  of,  2  c. 

Bangalore',  city  of  India,  II.  269. 

Bangin' gee :  see  Balanguini. 

Bangkok',  capital  of  Siam,  II.  270. 

Bangla :  see  Fyzabad. 

Ban'gok,  city  of  Maine,  II.  270. 

Bangor,  city  of  Wales,  II.  271.  Town  of 
Ireland,  1  c. 

Bangor ,  demolition  of  the  monastery  of,  VI. 
445,  2  ab. 

Bangs,  Nathan,  D.  D.,  American  clergyman, 
II.  271. 

Bangwaketse ,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  b. 

Banialuka  [ba-nya-loo'-ka],  town  of  Bosnia, 
II.  271. 

BanIan  [ban'-yan  or  ban-yan'],  tree,  II.  271 ; 
ill.,  272. 

Banians:  see  Banyans  (Index). 

Banias  [ba'-ne-as],  river,  IX.  683,  1  c. 

Ba'nim,  John,  Irish  novelist,  II.  272.  Michael, 
novelist,  1  c  (died  1874). 

Ban'ister,  village  of  Virginia,  II.  272. 

Baniyas  [ba-ne'-yas],  Indian  merchants,  IX. 
213,  2  be ;  214,  2  ab. 

Banj :  see  Bang. 

Banjermas'sin,  state  of  Borneo,  II.  272.  Chief 
town,  2  c. 

Ban'jo,  musical  instrument,  II.  272. 

Bank,  II.  273.  Origin  of  the  name,  1  a.  Bank 
of  New  Ilium,  1  b  ;  of  Venice,  1  c;  of  Ge¬ 
noa,  2  b ;  of  Barcelona,  ib. ;  of  Amsterdam, 
2  be;  of  Hamburg,  274,  1  a.  Bank  of  Eng¬ 
land,  ib.,  ff.  Peel’s  bank  act,  275,  1  b. 
Statistics  of  bank  of  England,  276  (table). 
Early  English  banking,  1  ab.  Other  Eng¬ 
lish  banks,  1  c.  Scotch,  2  c.  Bank  of 
France,  277,  1  ab.  Banks  of  Belgium,  1  c; 
of  the  Netherlands,  2  b ;  of  Austria,  2  be; 
of  Germany,  278,  1  b ;  of  Switzerland,  1  c ; 
of  Italy,  2  a.  Banking  in  the  United  States, 


BANK 


BAR 


73 


1  c.  Bank  of  North  America,  ib.  First 
bank  of  the  United  States,  279,  1  c;  second, 
280,  1  be;  rechartered  by  Pennsylvania,  2 
be ;  its  final  suspension,  2  c.  State  banks, 
ib.  “  Suffolk  bank  system,”  281,  1  a.  Na¬ 
tional  banks,  ib . ;  statistics  of,  282,  1  b 
(table).  Banks  of  Canada,  2  a.  Clearing 
house,  2  be. 

Bank  Ban,  a  Hungarian  military  governor, 
II.  283.  Dramas  upon,  1  c. 

Banker's  card ,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  a. 

Banking:  see  Bank. 

Banking  pins ,  in  the  lever  escapement  of  a 
watch,  IV.  702,  1  c. 

Banking  system ,  free,  XII.  363,  1  c. 

Bank-note  engraving :  see  Engraving,  VI. 
654,  1  a. 

Bank  of  America ,  New  York,  attempt  to  de¬ 
feat  the  charter  of,  XV.  793,  2  c. 

Bank  of  England ,  II.  274,  1  b.  Its  origin, 
X.  768,  2  b;  XIII.  165,  2  c. 

Bank  of  North  America ,  II.  279,  1  ab. 

Bankrupt,  II.  283.  Bankrupt  laws  of  Eng¬ 
land,  283,  1  a;  of  the  United  States,  284, 

1  c ;  of  France,  ib. ;  of  Holland,  2  a. 

Bankruptcy :  see  Bankrupt. 

Banks,  county,  II.  285. 

Banks,  John,  English  dramatist,  II.  285. 

Banks,  Sir  Joseph,  English  naturalist  and  trav¬ 
eller,  II.  285. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  Prentiss,  American  states¬ 
man  and  general,  II.  286. 

Banks,  Thomas,  English  sculptor,  II.  286. 

Banks  and  bankers,  as  mandataries,  XI.  99, 

2  b. 

Banksia  (botany),  II.  286.  B.  speciosa  (ill.), 
287. 

“  Bank  war,”  political,  on  the  bank  of  the 
United  States,  IX.  492,  2  c. 

Ban'nacks,  Indian  tribe,  II.  287. 

Banneker,  Benjamin,  negro  mathematician 
and  astronomer,  II.  287. 

Banner,  VII.  249,  1  b  (Flag). 

Banneret,  feudal  title,  II.  287 ;  IV.  497,  t  a. 

Bannockburn,  village  of  Scotland,  II.  278. 
Battle  of,  ib. ;  III.  352,  1  c. 

Banns  of  Matrimony,  II.  288. 

Baflos  del  Inca  [ba'-nyoce],  III.  559,  1  b. 

Banquette  [bang-ket],  of  the  French  diligence, 
IV.  724,  1  a. 

Ban'quo,  Scottish  thane,  II.  288. 

Bansaroff, \  Dorji  [ban-sa'-rof],  Mongolian  sci¬ 
entist,  III.  455,  1  b. 

Ban'shee,  popular  superstition,  II.  288. 


Banstickle,  fish,  XV.  384,  1  b  (Stickleback). 
Bantam',  province  of  Java,  II.  288.  Town, 
2  b. 

Bantam  foivls,  IV.  783,  2  c. 

Ban'ting,  William,  London  merchant,  II.  288. 
His  plan  of  diet  to  reduce  corpulence,  289, 
1  a. 

Bantry  Bay,  Ireland,  II.  289. 

Bantu  [ban-too'J,  group  of  African  dialects,  I. 
171,  1  c. 

Banyan,  tree :  see  Banian. 

Banyans,  Hindoo  merchants,  IX.  213,  2  be; 
214,  2  a. 

Banyas :  see  Banyans  (Index). 

Banz  [bants],  abbey  of  Bavaria,  II.  289. 

Banzo,  venomous  insect,  V.  241,  1  a. 

Ba'obab,  tree,  II.  289  (ill.).  Age  of,  I.  184, 
1  a. 

Bapaume  [ba-pome],  town  of  France,  II.  290. 
Ba’phia  nit’ida  (botany),  III.  233,  1  c;  671, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Baph'omet,  knight  templar’s  symbol,  II.  290. 
Bap'tism,  a  Christian  rite,  II.  290.  In  the 
Greek  and  Latin  churches,  2  b.  In  many 
Protestant  denominations,  291,  1  a.  Condi¬ 
tional  baptism,  ib.  As  regarded  by  the 
Gnostics,  VIII.  53,  2  c.  Mode  of  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  church,  XIV.  396,  1  be ;  in 
the  Greek  church  at  Constantinople,  VIII. 
219,  2  ab  ;  in  the  Russian  church,  ib.  ;  in 
Baptist  churches,  II.  292,  1  ab ;  in  the  Lu¬ 
theran  church,  X.  732,  1  b. 

Baptism,  infant,  difficulties  in  its  relation  to 
Protestantism,  I.  450,  1  c. 

Baptism  of  fire,  expression  applied  by  Napo¬ 
leon  III.  to  his  son’s  first  exposure  to  the 
enemy’s  fire,  III.  54,  1  be ;  55,  2  be. 
Bap'tistery,  II.  291.  Baptistery  at  Novara, 

2  c  (ill.)  ;  of  San  Giovanni  in  Fonte,  Rome, 
X.  183,  2  ab ;  of  Parma,  XIII.  121,  2  a;  of 
Pisa,  540,  2  b  (ill.) ;  of  Florence,  VII.  275, 
2  be. 

Baptists,  II.  292.  Their  distinctive  princi¬ 
ples,  1  a.  In  Great  Britain  and  her  colonies, 
2  be.  On  the  continent  of  Europe,  293,  1  ab. 
In  the  United  States,  1  b.  Divisions,  2  a. 
History,  2  b.  Statistics,  294,  1  c. 

Baptists,  German ,  VI.  316,  1  c.  German 
Seventh  Day  Baptists,  2  b. 

Bar  :  see  Bar-le-Duo,  Bar-sur-Aube,  and 
Bar-sur-Seine. 

Bar,  town  of  Russia,  II.  294. 

Bar,  in  court  rooms,  II.  294.  In  legislative 
halls,  2  b. 


74 


BAR 


BARBOURSYILLE 


Bar ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  c. 

Bar,  confederation  of  II.  294,  2  a;  XIII.  647, 
2  a. 

Bar ,  de  (Mme.  Piron),  XIII.  540,  1  b. 

Baraba  [ba-ra-ba'],  steppe  of  Siberia,  II.  294. 

Barabintzi ,  tribe  of  Siberia,  II.  294,  2  c. 

Barac'ca ,  meeting  place  of  the  carbonari,  III. 
771,  1  c. 

Baeaco'a,  town  of  Cuba,  II.  294. 

Barada  [ba-ra'-da],  river  of  Syria,  II.  295. 

Baradce’us ,  Jacobus ,  organizer  of  the  sect  of 
Jacobites,  IX.  500,  1  be;  XI.  757,  2  be. 

Baradello ,  tower  of  the,  in  Como,  V.  170,  2  c. 

Baraga.,  Frederick,  D.  D.  [ba-ra'-ga],  mis¬ 
sionary  bishop,  II.  295. 

Baraguey  d’Hilliers,  Louis  [ba-ra-ga  de- 
lya],  French  general,  II.  295.  Acliille, 
marshal  of  France,  1  c. 

Baean'off,  Alexander  Andreyevitch,  gover¬ 
nor  of  Russian  America,  II.  295. 

Baranoff,  Nikolai,  Russian  deaf-mute  painter, 
II.  295. 

Barante,  Amable  Guillaume  Prosper  [ba- 
rangt],  baron  de  Brugiere,  French  statesman 
and  historian,  II.  295. 

Baranya  [b  or '-on-yaw],  county  of  Hungary, 
II.  296. 

Barata'ria  bay ,  X.  101,  2  ab. 

Baratarian  pirates,  X.  101,  2  ab.  In  the  bat¬ 
tle  of  New  Orleans,  IX.  490,  1  a,  c. 

Baratier,  Johann  Philipp  [ba-ra-tya],  Ger¬ 
man  scholar,  II.  296. 

Baratyn'ski,  Yevgeni  Abramovitch,  Russian 
poet,  II.  296. 

Barb,  breed  of  horses,  II.  296.  Its  use  in 
cavalry,  IV.  142,  1  c.  On  the  turf,  XVI. 
46,  2  c ;  47,  1  b,  c,  2  a,  b ;  48,  2  a. 

Baebadoes  [bar-ba'-dozo],  island,  II.  296 ;  ill., 
297. 

Barbadoes  ley,  a  form  of  elephantiasis,  VI.  522, 
2  a. 

Barbadoes  tar,  XI.  71,  2  a. 

Bar'bara,  Saint,  II.  297. 

Barba' rea  pree' cox  (botany),  XVI.  501,  2  a.  B. 
vulgaris,  XIV.  724,  2  c. 

Barbaeel'li,  Giorgio  :  see  Giorgione. 

Baebaros'sa,  Arudj,  Horush,  or  Horuk,  corsair, 
II.  297.  Khair-ed-Din,  2  c.  See  I.  305,  2  a. 

Barbarossa,  Frederick :  see  Frederick  I.,  em¬ 
peror  of  Germany,  VII.  450,  2  c. 

Barbarotjx,  Charles  Jean  Marie  [bar-ba-roo], 
French  revolutionist,  II.  298. 

Bar'bary :  see  Baebaey  States. 

Barbary  antelope ,  VII.  654,  2  c. 


Barbary  ape ,  X.  767,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  XI.  752,  1  b. 

Barbary  gum,  X.  519,  2  a. 

Barbary  horse  :  see  Barb. 

Barbary  States,  II.  298  ;  I.  169,  2  b. 

Barbas'teo,  town  of  Spain,  II.  298. 

Baebauld,  Anna  Lastitia  [bar-bo'],  English 
writer,  II.  298 ;  I.  213,  2  c. 

Barbel,  fish,  II.  298  (ill.). 

Barbela,  a  name  of  the  Congo,  V.  241,  2  b. 

Baebe-Marbois,  Francois  de,  count  and  mar¬ 
quis  [bar-ba-mar-bwa],  French  statesman,  II. 
299. 

Bar'ber,  Francis,  Dr.  Johnson’s  servant,  II. 
299. 

Barber,  Francis,  American  officer,  II.  299. 

Barberini  [bar-ba-re'-ne],  Italian  family,  II. 
299.  Maffeo,  pope  as  Urban  VIII.,  300,  1  a ; 
XVI.  222,  1  ab.  Taddeo,  prefect  of  Rome, 
II.  300,  1  ab.  Francesco,  cardinal,  1  b.  An¬ 
tonio,  cardinal,  ib.  Barberini  library  and 
palace,  ib.  Enrico,  prince  of  Palestrina,  1  c. 

Barberini  or  Portland  vase ,  VIII.  8,  1  c  (ill., 
2  b).  "Wedgwood’s  copies  of,  XVI.  534,  2  b. 

Barber  poet,  IX.  568,  2  c. 

Bar'berry,  shrub,  II.  300  (ill.).  Injurious  to 
wheat,  VII.  531,  1  c.  Use  in  hedges,  VIII. 
604,  2  c.  Leaf  of  (ill.),  X.  266,  2  c.  Ferti¬ 
lization  of  by  insects,  IX.  309,  1  c. 

Barbas,  Armand  [bar-bace],  French  revolu¬ 
tionist,  II.  301. 

Barbet:  see  Poodle,  XIII.  704,  2  c. 

Barbette  [bar-bet'],  in  fortification,  VII.  334, 
2  ab. 

Barbeyrac,  Jean  [bar-ba-rak],  French  jurist, 
II.  301. 

Barbicels ,  in  feathers,  VII.  104,  1  b. 

Barbie  du  Bocage,  Jean  Denis  [bar-bya  du 
biih-kazh],  French  geographer,  II.  301. 

Barbier,  Antoine  Alexandre  [bar-bya],  French 
bibliographer,  II.  301.  Edmond  Jean  Fran¬ 
cois,  jurist,  2  ab.  Henri  Auguste,  poet,  2  b. 
Paul  Jules,  dramatist,  2  c. 

Barbieei,  Giovanni  Francesco  [bar-bya'-re] : 
see  Guercino. 

Barbiton,  musical  instrument,  X.  759,  2  c; 
XVI.  366,  2  c. 

Baebou  [bar-boo],  family  of  French  printers, 
II.  301. 

Barbour  [bar'-ber],  three  counties,  II.  302. 

Barbour,  James,  American  statesman,  II.  302. 

Barbour,  John,  Scottish  poet  and  historian, 
II.  302. 

Barboursville,  county  seats,  III.  524,  2  c ;  X. 
32,  1  c. 


BARBS 


BARKING 


75 


Baris,  in  feathers,  VII.  104,  1  a. 

Bar'lules ,  in  feathers,  VII.  104,  1  ah. 

Barlus  (ichthyology),  II.  298,  2  c  (ill.). 

Bar'by,  town  of  Prussia,  II.  302. 

Barca,  country  of  Africa,  II.  302. 

Barca,  ancient  city  of  Cyrenaica,  II.  303. 
Barca,  or  Barcas,  Punic  epithet,  II.  303. 
Bar'ce :  see  Barca,  city. 

Barcelona  [Sp.  bar-i5M-lo'-na],  province  of 
Spain,  II.  303.  Capital  city,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Bank  of,  304,  1  b.  Original  bank  of,  273, 
2  b.  Treaty  of,  IV.  295,  2  ab.  Bombard¬ 
ment  of  in  1842,  X.  369,  2  c.  Capture  of 
by  Peterborough,  XIII.  354,  2  b. 
Barcelona,  state  of  Venezuela,  II.  304.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  be. 

Barchusen  [bar'-ffioo-zen] :  see  Baeckhausen. 
Baeckhausen,  Johann  Konrad  [bark'-how- 
zen],  German  physician  and  chemist,  II.  305. 
Barclay,  Alexander  [bark'-le],  English  poet, 
II.  305. 

Barclay,  John,  Scottish  anatomist,  II.  305. 
Barclay,  John,  English  Latin  author,  II.  305. 
Barclay,  or  Barclay-Allardice,  Robert  (Cap¬ 
tain  Barclay),  II.  305. 

Barclay,  Robert  (Barclay  of  Ury),  Scottish 
Quaker,  II.  306. 

Barclay,  William,  Scottish  jurist,  II.  306. 
Barclay ,  Captain,  British  naval  officer,  VI. 
713,  2  a. 

Barclayan  museum,  II.  305,  1  c. 

Barclay  de  Tolly,  Michael,  prince,  Russian 
general,  II.  306. 

Bar-Cokheba  [bar-ko-kheh-ba'],  Jewish  insur¬ 
gent  and  impostor,  II.  306.  Allusions  to,  I. 
226,  2  c;  IX.  621,  1  c. 

Bard,  professional  poet,  II.  306. 

Bard,  John,  American  physician,  II.  307. 

Samuel,  physician,  308,  1  a. 

Bardanes,  Philippicus  [bar-da'-neez],  Byzantine 
emperor,  III.  515,  1  b ;  IX.  728,  2  ab. 
Bar'das,  a  Byzantine  usurper,  II.  308;  361, 
2  a. 

Bar-Deisan :  see  Baedesanes. 

Bardesa'nes,  Syrian  Gnostic,  founder  of  a  sect, 

II.  308. 

Bardili,  Christoph  Gottfried  [bar-de'-le],  Ger¬ 
man  metaphysical  writer,  II.  308. 

Bardin,  Jean  [bar-d&ng],  French  painter,  II. 
308. 

Bar  dines  [bar-dl'-neez] :  see  Bar  ad  a. 
Bardings:  see  Armor,  I.  734,  1  a  (barding 
proper). 

Bardstown,  town  of  Kentucky,  II.  308. 


Bardu'li,  ancient  Greek  town,  supposed  site 
of,  II.  315,  2  a. 

Bare'bone,  Praise  God,  English  fanatic,  II. 

308.  Barebone’s  parliament,  2  be ;  V.  506, 1  c. 
Barefooted  Friars  and  Nuns,  II.  308. 
Bareges  [ba-raizh],  watering  place  of  France, 
II.  309. 

Bareille,  Jean  Francois,  abbe  [ba-ray’],  French 
theologian,  II.  309. 

Bareily  [ba-ra'-le],  city  of  India,  II.  309. 
Baeentz,  Willem  [ba'-rents],  Dutch  navigator, 
II.  309. 

Bar^re  de  Vieuzac,  Bertrand  [ba-rair  duh 
vyuli-zak],  French  revolutionist,  II.  309. 
Baeet'ti,  Giuseppe,  Italian  writer,  II.  310. 

Bar  fish,  II.  368,  1  c. 

Bargain  and  Sale,  II.  310. 

Barge  [bar'-ja],  town  of  Piedmont,  II.  310. 
Bar'ham,  Richard  Harris,  English  humorist, 
II.  310. 

Bar-Helrce'us :  see  Abulfaeagius. 

Bari  [ba'-re],  seaport  of  Italy,  II.  311. 

Bari,  negro  tribe,  II.  311. 

Bari,  Terra  di,  province  of  Italy,  II.  311. 
Baril'la,  II.  311 ;  5,  2  a;  XV.  150,  1  a. 
Barima  [ba-re'-ma],  river  of  South  America, 
II.  311. 

Barinas  [ba-re'-nass],  (now  Zamora),  state  of 
Venezuela,  II.  312.  City,  1  ab. 

Ba'ring,  family  of,  II.  312.  See  Ashburton, 
I.  807.  Relationship  with  the  Hope  family, 
VIII.  811,  1  c.  Thomas  Baring  on  the 
financial  crisis  of  1847,  XI.  736,  1  ab. 
Baeing-Gould,  Sabine,  English  clergyman  and 
author,  II.  312. 

Baris,  negro  tribe :  see  Bari. 

Ba’rium,  ancient  city :  see  Bari,  Italy. 
Barium,  metal,  II.  312.  Iodide  of,  XIII.  760, 

1  c. 

Bark,  of  trees,  II.  313;  XIII.  579,  1  c  (ills.). 
Use  of  in  tanning,  X.  270,  2  b ;  272,  1  b ; 
274,  2  a ;  277,  1  a ;  278,  1  b. 

Baric,  a  vessel,  XIV.  855,  1  c. 

BarJcantine  [bar'-kan-teen],  a  vessel,  XIV.  855, 

2  b. 

Bar'ker,  Fordyce,  American  physician,  II. 
314. 

Barker,  Jacob,  American  financier,  II.  314. 
Barleer,  Prof.,  on  the  variation  of  atomic 
equivalence,  II.  89,  1  ab. 

Barleer1  s  mill,  VIII.  692,  1  a ;  XVI.  45,  1  a. 
Baric  extract,  X.  272,  2  c. 

Barking,  town  of  England,  II.  314.  Barking 
abbey,  2  c. 


76 


BARK  LOUSE 


BARR 


Baric  louse ,  Harris’s,  XIII.  212,  2  ab  (Pear). 
Baric  pit,  in  hotbeds,  IX.  8,  2  ab. 

Barl^e'us,  Gaspar :  see  Baeele. 

Bar-le-Duo  [bar-luli- duk],  town  of  Prance, 

II.  315  (ill.). 

Baelet'ta,  town  of  Italy,  II.  315.  Siege  of, 
VIII.  99,  1  be. 

Barletta,  Gabriello,  Italian  preacher,  II.  315. 
Bar'ley,  II.  315  (ills.).  English  barley,  1  ab. 
Pearl  barley,  316,  1  c.  Use  of  in  brewing, 

III.  257,  1  b,  ff.  Wine  of,  II.  469,  1  c. 
Barlines ,  negro  tribe,  X.  398,  2  b. 

Barlow ,  Arthur ,  English  navigator,  I.  425, 

1  b. 

Barlow,  Joel,  American  poet,  II.  316. 
Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  William,  English  theolo¬ 
gian,  II.  217. 

Barmecide  feast ,  II.  317,  2  a. 

Bar'mecides,  family  of  Khorasan,  II.  317. 
Barmek ,  Khaled  hen ,  II.  317,  1  c. 

Barren,  town  of  Germany,  II.  317. 
Barnabas,  Epistle  of,  II.  317. 

Barnabas,  Saint,  II.  318. 

Barnabites,  religious  order,  II.  318 ;  XI.  730, 

2  c. 

Barnacle  (zoology),  II.  319.  Goose  barnacles 
(ill.),  id. 

Barnacle  goose  (ornithology),  VIII.  107,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Bar'nard,  Frederick  Augustus  Porter,  LL.  D., 
American  scholar  and  educator,  II.  319. 
Barnard,  Henry,  LL.  D.,  American  scholar 
and  educator,  II.  320. 

Barnard,  John  Gross,  American  military  en¬ 
gineer,  II.  320. 

Barnard,  Sir  John,  English  merchant,  II.  320. 
Barnaul  [bar-na-ooT],  town  of  Siberia,  II.  320. 
Barnave,  Antoine  Pierre  Joseph  Marie  [bar- 
nav],  French  revolutionist,  II.  321. 
Barnburners ,  political  party,  XV.  597,  1  a. 
Barnegat',  village  of  New  Jersey,  II.  321. 
Bay  of,  2  b. 

Barnes,  Albert  [barnz],  American  theologian, 
II.  321. 

Barnes ,  Lady  Juliana :  see  Berners. 

Barnes,  Thomas,  English  journalist,  II.  322. 
Barnes,  William,  English  poet  and  philologist, 
II.  322. 

BarnevehVs  island :  see  Oshima. 

Bar'neveldt,  Jan  van  Olden,  grand  pensionary 
of  Holland,  II.  322 ;  I.  728,  1  c ;  XI.  288,  1 
c  ;  XII.  248,  1  b-c.  See  Aarsens,  Frans  van. 
Barney,  Joshua,  American  naval  officer,  II. 
322. 


Barni,  Jules  Romain  [bar-ne],  French  author, 
II.  323. 

Barnloclc ,  surname  of  Magnus  I.  of  Sweden, 
XV.  508,  2  b. 

Barnsley,  town  of  England,  II.  323. 

Barn'stable,  county  of  Massachusetts,  II.  323. 
Town,  2  b. 

Barnstaple,  town  of  England,  II.  323. 

Barnum,  Phineas  Taylor,  American  showman, 
II.  323.  His  engagement  of  Jenny  Lind,  X. 
501,  2  a. 

Barnwell,  county,  II.  324. 

Barnwell  Court  House ,  county  seat,  II.  324,  2  a. 

Baroach  :  see  Broach. 

Barocci  [ba-rot'-che] :  see  Baroccio. 

Baroccio,  Fiori  Federigo  [ba-rot'-cho],  Italian 
painter,  II.  324. 

Baroche,  Pierre  Jules  [ba-riish],  French  states¬ 
man,  II.  324. 

Baro'da,  district  of  India,  II.  324.  Capital 
city,  325,  2  a.  State  procession  at  Baroda 
(ill.),  ib.  See  Guicowar. 

Barolong ,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  ab. 

Barom'eter,  II.  325.  Torricelli’s,  326, 1  a  (ill.). 
Guericke’s,  1  c.  Cistern  barometer,  2  ab 
(ill.).  Greene’s,  2  c  (ills.,  327).  Siphon,  327, 

1  a ;  Gay-Lussac’s,  1  c  (ill.) ;  Bunten’s  im¬ 
proved,  ib.  (ill.).  Common  index  and  dial 
barometer,  2  a  (ill.).  Filling  with  mercury, 

2  c.  Water  barometer,  328,  1  b.  Self¬ 
registering  barometers,  1  c.  Naval  barome¬ 
ters,  2  c  (ill.).  Cause  of  varying  atmospheric 
pressure,  329, 1  ab.  Boiling-point  barometer, 
1  c.  Aneroid,  2  a  (ills.).  Wheel  barometer, 
invention  of,  XVI.  735,  2  be. 

Barometrical  Measurement,  II.  330.  Baro¬ 
metric  anomalies,  331,  1  c. 

Barometric  pressure ,  XI.  444,  2  a. 

Baron  [ba'-run],  title,  II.  331. 

Baron  and  Feme  [fem],  Norman  French  law 
term,  II.  332. 

Baronet,  title,  II.  332. 

Baro'nius,  or  Baronio,  Cesare,  Italian  his¬ 
torian,  II.  332. 

Barony,  in  England,  II.  332.  In  Ireland,  2  a. 

Baros'ma  crena'ta  (botany),  III.  385,  1  a  (ill.). 

Barote  [Fr.  ba-rut],  first  name  of  baryta,  II. 
313,  1  a. 

Barot'se,  valley  and  tribe  of  Africa,  II.  332. 

Barozzio  da  Vignola  :  see  Vignola. 

Barquisimeto  [bar-ke-se-ma/-to],  state  of  Vene¬ 
zuela,  II.  332.  Capital  city,  333,  1  a. 

Barr,  town  of  Germany,  II.  333. 

Barr,  kingdom  of  Africa,  II.  333. 


BARRA 


BARTAS 


77 


Barra ,  Africa :  see  Barr. 

Barraboo ',  county  seat,  XIV.  642,  2  c. 

Barra  Islands,  Scotland,  II.  333. 

Barrackpoor',  town  of  Bengal,  II.  333  (ill.). 

Barral,  Jean  Augustin  [bar-ral],  French  chem¬ 
ist  and  physician,  II.  334. 

B arras,  Paul  Francois  Jean  Nicolas,  count  de 
[bar-ra],  French  revolutionist,  II.  334 ;  III. 
38,  1  be. 

Barratry,  in  maritime  law,  II.  334.  In 
criminal  law :  see  Barretry. 

Barray  islands :  see  Barra  Islands. 

Barre,  Antoine  Joseph  le  Fevre  de  la  [duh  la 
bar],  French  naval  officer,  II.  334. 

Bare£,  Isaac  [bar-ra'],  English  soldier  and 
statesman,  II.  335. 

Barreges  :  see  Bareges. 

Bar'rel,  II.  335.  How  made,  2  b.  As  a 
measure  of  capacity,  2  c.  Barrel  bulk,  336, 
1  a. 

Barrelier,  Jacques  [bar-ruh-lya],  French  bot¬ 
anist,  II.  336. 

Barrel  of  a  feather ,  VII.  103,  2  b. 

Barrel  of  a  fowling  piece ,  construction  of, 
VII.  356,  2  a,  ff. 

Barrel  of  a  watch ,  IV.  701,  2  a. 

Barrel  or  hand  organ ,  XII.  691,  1  b. 

Barren,  county,  II.  336. 

Barrens ,  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  II.  336,  1  c;  IX. 
798,  1  b ;  799,  2  a. 

Barreto,  Francisco  de  [bar-ra'-to],  governor 
of  the  Portuguese  Indies,  II.  336. 

Barretor :  see  Barretry. 

Barretry,  in  criminal  law,  II.  336. 

Barrett,  Benjamin  Fisk,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  II.  336. 

Barrett,  George  Horton,  actor,  II.  336. 

Barrett ,  Col.  James :  see  Concord,  V.  206, 1  c,  ff. 

Barrhead,  village  of  Scotland,  II.  337. 

Barrie ,  county  seat,  XV.  58,  1  a. 

Barriere  d'Enfer  [bar-re-air  dang-fair],  Paris, 
IV.  96,  1  c  (Catacombs). 

Barrier  Reefs,  II.  337. 

Barrier  treaty ,  II.  490,  2  c. 

Barrilla  [Sp.  bar-re'-lya] :  see  Barilla. 

Barrington,  John  Shute-Barrington,  viscount, 
English  lawyer  and  author,  II.  337.  William 
Wildman,  viscount,  1  b.  Daines,  jurist  and 
naturalist,  ib.  Samuel,  naval  officer,  1  c. 
Shute,  prelate,  ib. 

Barrington,  Sir  Jonah,  Irish  lawyer  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  337. 

Barrister,  X.  237,  1  b  (Lawyer). 

Barron,  county,  II.  337. 


Barron,  James,  American  naval  officer,  II.  337. 

Barron,  Samuel,  naval  officer,  II.  338. 

Barron,  Samuel,  naval  officer,  II.  338. 

Barron’s  loch ,  X.  562,  2  c. 

Barros,  Joao  de  [bar'-roos],  Portuguese  histo¬ 
rian,  II.  339. 

Barrot,  Camille  Ilyacinthe  Odilon  [ba-ro], 
French  advocate  and  statesman,  II.  339. 
(Died  1873.)  Victorin  Ferdinand,  2  b. 

Barrow,  a  mound,  II.  339 ;  ills.,  340. 

Barrow,  river  of  Ireland,  II.  340. 

Barrow,  Isaac,  English  divine  and  mathema¬ 
tician,  II.  340. 

Barrow,  Sir  John,  English  traveller  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  340.  John,  traveller  and  author, 
341,  1  a. 

Barrow-in-Furness,  town  of  England,  II.  341. 

Barrow  Strait,  Arctic  America,  II.  341 . 

Barruly ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  a. 

Barrundia,  Jos6  Francisco  [bar-roon'-£Ae-a], 
Central  American  statesman,  II.  341. 

Barry  [bar'-re],  two  counties,  II.  341. 

Barry  [bar'-re],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  a. 
See  plate  (after  p.  670),  near  the  bottom  on 
the  left. 

Barry,  Sir  Charles,  English  architect,  II.  341. 
Edward  Middleton,  architect,  2  c. 

Barry,  Gerald,  or  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  Brit¬ 
ish  historian,  II.  342. 

Barry,  James,  Irish  painter,  II.  342. 

Barry,  John,  American  naval  officer,  II.  342.’ 

Barry,  Marie  Jeanne  Gomard  de  Vaubernier, 
countess  du,  mistress  of  Louis  XV.,  II.  342. 

Barry,  Martin,  English  physiologist,  II.  343. 

Barry,  P .,  on  budding,  III.  404,  1  b. 

Barry-bendy,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  a.  See 
plate  (after  p.  670),  near  the  bottom  on  the 
left. 

Barry  Cornwall,  pseudonyme,  XIV.  26,  2  c. 

Bars  [borsh],  county  of  Hungary,  II.  343. 

Barsao  [bar-sak],  village  of  France,  II.  343. 
Wines  of,  1  b. 

Bars  of  the  foot  (of  a  horse),  VIII.  826,  1  b. 

Barsu'ma,  a  Nestorian  bishop,  II.  343.  A 
Syrian  archimandrite,  1  c. 

Bar-sur-Aube  [bar-sur-obe],  town  of  France, 
II.  343. 

Bar-sur-  Ornain  [-sur-or-nang] :  see  Bar-le-Duc. 

Bar-sur-Seine  [-siir-sain],  town  of  France,  II. 
343. 

Bart,  Jean  [bar],  French  naval  officer,  II.  343. 
Frangois,  2  be.  Gaspard,  ib. 

Bartas,  Guillaume  de  Salluste  du  [du  bar-tas], 
French  poet,  II.  343. 


78 


BARTFELD 


BASARJIK 


Baetfeld  [bart -felt],  town  of  Hungary,  II.  343. 

Baeth  [bart],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  344. 

Baeth,  Christian  Gottlob,  German  divine  and 
philanthropist,  II.  344. 

Baeth,  Heinrich,  German  explorer,  II.  344; 
532,  2  be. 

Baethelemy,  Auguste  Marseille  [bar-tail-me], 
French  poet,  II.  345. 

Baethelemy,  Francois,  marquis  de,  diploma¬ 
tist,  II.  345. 

Baethelemy,  Jean  Jacques,  arch  geologist  and 
author,  II.  346. 

Baethelemy-Saint-Hilaiee,  Jules  [-sang-te- 
lair],  savant,  II.  346. 

Barthes:  see  Baethez. 

Baethez,  Paul  Joseph  [bar-tace],  French  phy¬ 
sician,  II.  346.  Antoine  Charles  Ernest  de, 
physician,  2  b. 

Baethold,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [bar'-tolt],  Ger¬ 
man  historian,  II.  346. 

Baetholdy,  Jakob  Salomon  [bar-tole'-de], 
Prussian  diplomatist,  II.  346. 

Baetholin,  Kaspar  [bar'-to-lin],  Danish  phy¬ 
sician  and  savant,  II.  347.  Thomas,  physi¬ 
cian,  1  b. 

Bartholin ,  duct  of,  XIY.  566,  1  c. 

Bartholi'nus,  Erasmus ,  his  discovery  of  double 
refraction,  X.  441,  2  a. 

Bartholomdus  lake  [bar-to-lo-ma'-oos],  Bava¬ 
ria,  II.  550,  1  c. 

Baethol'omew,  county,  II.  347. 

Baetholomew,  Saint,  II.  347.  Martyrdom  of, 
2  b  ;  I.  724,  2  b. 

Baetholomew,  Saint,  massacre  of,  II.  347. 
See  Chaeles  IX.,  IY.  287,  2  c;  Cathaeine 
de’  Medici,  114,  2  b  ;  L’IIOpital,  X.  294,  1  a. 

Baetholomew,  Yalentine,  English  painter,  II. 
347.  Anne  Charlotte,  painter  and  poetess, 
2  a. 

Baetholomew  Bayou,  II.  347,  1  c. 

Bartholomew's  fair,  London,  YII.  58,  2  a. 

Baetlett,  Elisha,  American  physician  and 
author,  II.  349. 

Baetlett,  Ichabod,  American  lawyer,  II.  349. 

Baetlett,  John  Russell,  American  author,  II. 
349. 

Baetlett,  Joseph,  American  wit,  poet,  and 
adventurer,  II.  350. 

Baetlett,  Josiah,  M.  D.,  American  patriot  and 
statesman,  II.  350. 

Baetlett,  William,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Andover  theological  seminary,  II.  350. 

Baetlett,  William  Henry,  English  artist  and 
author,  II.  350. 


Bartlett  oxide,  zinc  paint,  XYI.  826,  2  b. 
Bae'tol,  Cyrus  Augustus,  American  author 
and  clergyman,  II.  350. 

Baetoli,  Daniele  [bar'-to-le],  Italian  author, 
II.  351. 

Baetoli,  Pietro  Santi,  Italian  engraver,  II.  351. 
Bartoli,  Taddeo  and  Domenico  di:  see  Bae- 
tolo. 

Baetolini,  Lorenzo  [bar-to-le'-ne],  Italian 
sculptor,  II.  351. 

Bae'tolo,  Taddeo  di,  Italian  painter,  II.  351. 

Domenico  di,  painter,  2  b. 

Baetolommeo,  Fra  [fra  bar-to-lom-ma'-o],  Ital¬ 
ian  painter,  II.  351. 

Baetolozzi,  Francesco  [bar-to-lot'-se],  Italian 
engraver,  II.  352. 

Baeton,  two  counties,  II.  352. 

Baeton,  Benjamin  Smith,  American  naturalist, 
II.  352.  William  P.  C.,  botanist,  2  a. 
Baeton,  Bernard,  English  poet,  II.  352.  Ma¬ 
ria  Hack,  2  b.  Lucy,  ib. 

Baeton,  Elizabeth,  the  Holy  Maid  or  the  Nun 
of  Kent,  religious  impostor,  II.  352. 

Baeton,  William,  American  soldier,  II.  352. 
His  capture  of  the  British  general  Prescott, 

353,  1  a.  Released  from  imprisonment  for 
debt  by  Lafayette,  1  b. 

Baetow,  county,  II.  353. 

Baeteam,  John,  American  botanist,  II.  353. 

William,  botanist  and  ornithologist,  2  a. 
Baetsch,  Johann  Adam  Bernhard  von,  Ger¬ 
man  engraver,  II.  353.  Friedrich  Joseph 
Adam  von,  2  c. 

Baetsch,  Karl  Friedrich,  German  philologist, 
II.  353. 

Baeuch  [ba'-ruk],  friend  of  the  prophet  Jere¬ 
miah,  II.  353.  Book  of,  354,  1  a. 

Baey,  Hendrik  [ba-ri'J,  Dutch  engraver,  II. 

354. 

Baeye,  Antoine  Louis  [ba-re],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  II.  354.  (Died  1875.) 

Baryga’za ,  ancient  city,  III.  301,  2  c  (Beoach). 
Baey'ta:  see  Baeium,  II.  313,  1  a. 

Baryta  saltpetre,  XII.  463,  2  b. 

Baryta  salts,  II.  313,  2  a. 

Bary’tes :  see  Baeium,  II.  313,  1  a. 

Bas  [bas],  island  of  France,  II.  354. 

Bas,  Bithynian  chief,  II.  669,  2  a. 

Basalt  [ba-sawlt'],  rock,  II.  354.  Transition 
from  the  vitreous  to  the  stony  texture,  XYI. 
513,  2  c ;  514,  1  a. 

Ba’sanite :  see  Lydian  Stone. 

Basae'jik  (properly  Bazarjik),  name  of  towns 
in  European  Turkey,  II.  354. 


BAS 


BASS 


79 


“ Bas  Bleu ,  The  ”  [ba  bluh],  poem,  II.  759, 
2  c  (Blue  Stockings). 

Bas  Breton  language  [ba  briih-tong],  IV.  177, 
1  b,  2  a. 

Bas-chevaliers  [ba-shev-a-leers' ;  Fr.  shiih-va- 
lyU],  IV.  497,  1  a  (Chivalry). 

Baschi,  Matteo  [bas'-ke],  founder  of  the  Capu¬ 
chins,  II.  355 ;  III.  763,  1  b. 

Bas'com,  Henry  Bidleman,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Amer¬ 
ican  bishop,  II.  355. 

Bascom,  John,  American  scholar  and  author, 
II.  355. 

Base,  in  chemistry,  II.  355  ;  XII.  474,  2  c ; 
XIV..  582,  1  be. 

Base ,  in  painting,  XII.  804,  2  b. 

Base  Ball,  game,  II.  355  ;  ill.,  356. 

Basedow,  Johann  Bernhard  [ba'-zeh-do],  Ger¬ 
man  reformer  of  education,  II.  356. 
Basedow's  disease ,  VIII.  566,  2  b. 

Base  drum ,  VI.  271,  2  ab. 

Basel  [ba'-zel],  canton  of  Switzerland,  II.  357. 
City,  2  a  (ill.). 

Basel,  Council  of,  II.  358.  On  the  immacu¬ 
late  conception,  IX.  195,  1  c.  On  the 
eucharist,  X.  638,  2  b.  Action  on  monasti- 
cism,  XI.  730,  2  ab. 

Basel ,  peace  of,  in  1795,  XV.  213,  1  be ;  in 
1499,  530,  1  c. 

Basement  membrane,  in  anatomical  structure, 

I.  462,  2  c. 

Base  metals ,  among  alchemists,  I.  335,  1  b. 
Bases ,  in  chemistry,  XII.  767,  2  c. 

Baseyi,  George  [bas'-e-ve],  English  architect, 

II.  359. 

Bas-fond  [Fr.  ba-fong],  part  of  the  bladder,  II. 
686,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Ba'shan,  Palestine,  II.  359.  Cities  of,  2  c. 
Bashaw'  :  see  Pasha. 

Bash'kirs,  Russian  tribes,  II.  360  (ill.). 
Bashkurts  [bash'-koorts] :  see  Bashkirs. 
Bashmuric  version  of  the  Scriptures ,  V.  333, 
1  a  and  b  (Copts). 

Basic  oxides,  in  chemistry,  XII.  767,  2  c. 

Basil  [baz'-il],  plant,  II.  360.  Sweet  basil 
(ill.),  361. 

Ba'sil,  Bulgarian  monk,  II.  361. 

Basil  I.,  the  Macedonian,  emperor  of  the  East, 
II.  361.  Basil  II.,  2  c. 

Basil  the  Great,  saint,  II.  362 ;  XI.  729,  1  c. 
Basilan  [ba-se-lan'],  island  of  the  Malay  archi¬ 
pelago,  II.  362. 

BasiVia,  or  Basiliana,  ancient  name  of  Basel, 
II.  357,  2  c. 

Basilian  Monks,  II.  363. 


Basilian’a :  see  Basilia  (Index). 

Basil'ica,  public  building,  II.  363.  Basilica 
Julia,  2  a.  See  Rome,  XIV.  411,  1  a.  Lat- 
eran  basilica,  X.  183,  1  b. 

Basilica,  the,  Romano-Greek  code,  IV.  625, 

1  a ;  III.  515,  2  c. 

Basilican  Constitutions ,  II.  361,  2  be.  Sea 
Basilica  (Index). 

Basilicata  [ba-ze-le-ka'-ta],  province  of  Italy, 
II.  363. 

Basilicon  Boron,  of  James  I.,  alluded  to,  IX. 
517,  1  ab. 

“  Basilicsf  the,  X.  351,  1  b.  See  Basilica 
(Index). 

Basilides  [ba-sil'-e-deez],  founder  of  a  Gnostic 
sect,  II.  363. 

Basilidians,  Gnostic  sect,  their  principles,  II. 
363,  2  c. 

Basilid’ian  stones,  I.  32,  2  c  (Abraxas). 
Basilis'cus,  emperor  of  the  East,  II.  364. 
Basiliscus  (zoology),  II.  364,  2  a.  B.  mitratus, 

2  c  (ill.).  B.  vittatus,  ib. 

Basilisk  [baz'-e-lisk],  saurian  reptile,  II.  364 
(ill.). 

Basil’ ius:  see  Basil. 

Basilosau'rus  :  see  Zeuglodon. 

Basil  Valentine,  German  chemist,  IV.  358,  2  b. 
Basin,  in  distinction  from  dock,  VI.  166,  1  a. 
Bas'kerville,  John,  English  printer,  II.  365. 
Basket,  II.  365.  Wicker  boats,  1  c.  Water¬ 
tight  baskets,  2  a.  Uses  of  wickerwork, 
2  ab.  Basket  making,  2  b.  Splint  baskets, 
366,  1  b. 

BasTcet  willow,  II.  366,  1  b.  See  Osier. 

Basle  [bal] :  see  Basel. 

Basnage  de  Be  auval,  Jacques  [ba-nazh  duhbo- 
val],  French  author  and  diplomatist,  II.  366. 
Basque  Provinces  :  see  Basques. 

Basques  [basks],  II.  366  (ill.).  Their  character 
and  condition,  1  a.  Political  constitution, 
1  c.  History,  367,  1  a.  Language,  1  b. 
Basra :  see  Bassoraii. 

Bas-Riiin  [ba-rang],  former  department  of 
France,  II.  367. 

Bass  [bas],  fish,  II.  367.  European  bass,  2  c 
(ill.).  Sea  bass,  368,  1  a.  Striped  bass, 
1  ab  (ill.).  Bar  fish,  2  c.  Ruddy  and  little 
white  bass,  ib.  Black  bass  of  the  lakes,  2  a 
(ill.).  Oswego  bass,  2  b.  White  bass,  2  o. 
Grass  bass,  ib.  Rock  bass,  369,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Growler,  1  c. 

Bass,  tree :  see  Linden. 

Bass,  in  plants :  see  Bast. 

Bass  [base],  in  music,  XII.  75,  2  a ;  84,  2  o. 


80 


BASS 


BATEA 


Bass,  George  A.,  English  navigator,  II.  369. 

Bassan :  see  Bassano,  painters. 

Bassano  [bas-sa'-no],  town  of  Italy,  II.  369 
(ill.). 

Bassano,  family  of  Italian  painters,  II.  370. 
Francesco  da  Ponte,  1  b.  Giacomo  da  Ponte 
(II  Bassano),  ib.  Francesco,  ib. 

Bassano,  Hugues  Bernard  Maret,  duke  of, 
French  statesman,  II.  370.  Napoleon  Joseph 
Hugues  Maret,  duke  of,  2  c.  Eugene  de 
Bassano,  prince,  ib. 

Bassans ,  the :  see  Bassano,  painter. 

Bas'santin,  James,  Scottish  astronomer  and 
mathematician,  II.  370. 

Bassantoun :  see  Bassantin. 

Bassanville,  Anais  Lebrun  de,  countess  [dhh 
bas-sang-veel],  French  writer,  II.  371. 

Bas'saris  astu'ta  (zoology),  IV.  617,  2  be  (ill.). 

Bassas ,  negro  tribe,  X.  398,  2  be. 

Bass  baric,  X.  502,  1  c.  See  Bast. 

Bassein  [bas-sain'],  town  of  Pegu,  II.  371.  Of 
Bombay,  2  b. 

Basselin,  Olivier  [bas-lang],  French  poet,  II.  371. 

Basses-Alpes  [bas-alp],  department  of  France, 

II.  371. 

Basses-Pyrexees  [-pe-ra-na],  department  of 
France,  II.  371.  Wine  of,  VII.  411,  2  c. 

Basse-Terre  [-tair],  chief  town  of  St.  Christo¬ 
pher,  West  Indies,  II.  371.  Of  Guadeloupe, 
2  b. 

Basseville :  see  Bassville. 

Bassi,  Laura  Maria  Catarina  [bas'-se],  Italian 
scholar,  II.  371. 

Bassia  (botany),  III.  501,  2  be.  B.  butyracea, 
2  c.  B.  longifolia,  ib.  B.  latifolia,  502,  1  a. 
B.  Parkii,  ib.  (ill.). 

Bassompierre,  Francois,  baron  de  [bas-song- 
pyair],  French  courtier,  II.  371. 

Bassoon',  musical  instrument,  II.  372. 

Bas'sorah,  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  II.  372. 

Basso  rilievo  [bas'-so  re-lya'-vo],  XIV.  715, 1  c. 

Bassorine  [bas'-so-rin],  VIII.  320,  1  b. 

Bass  relief  [base  re-leef' ;  Fr.  bas  relief  ba  ruh- 
lyef] :  see  Basso  rilievo  (Index). 

Bass  Rook,  Scotland,  II.  372. 

Bass  Strait,  Australasia,  II.  372. 

Bassu'tos,  African  tribe,  II.  372  ;  438,  2  a. 

Bassville,  Nicolas  Jean  Hugon  or  Husson  de 
[bas-veel],  French  writer  and  diplomatist, 
II.  372. 

Basswood:  see  Linden,  X.  502,  1  a.  Origin 
of  the  name,  II.  373,  2  a. 

Bast,  inner  bark,  II.  372.  Uses  of,  373,  1  c ; 
X.  502,  2  a. 


Bast,  or  Pasht,  Egyptian  deity,  XII.  116,  2  a. 

Bas'tah ,  Moorish  name  of  Baza,  II.  410,  2  c. 

Bastan  Zubi  [bas-tan'  thoo'-be],  river,  II.  624, 
2  b  (Bidassoa). 

Bas'tard,  illegitimate  child,  II.  373. 

Bastard  of  Orleans ,  VI.  318,  2  a. 

Bastard  wing ,  VII.  105,  2  c  (Feathers). 

Bast  cells,  of  the  bark  of  plants,  II.  372,  2  c ; 
XIII.  579,  1  a. 

Bast  fibres,  of  the  bark  of  plants,  XIII.  579, 
1  a. 

Bas'ti ,  ancient  town  :  see  Baza. 

Bastia  [bas-te'-a],  town  of  Corsica,  II.  374 
(iH.). 

Bastian,  Adolph  [bas'-te-an],  German  travel¬ 
ler,  II.  374. 

Bastian,  H.  Charlton  [bSs'-chun],  English 
physician,  II.  374.  On  spontaneous  genera¬ 
tion,  VI.  560,  2  be. 

Bastiana,  mediaeval  name  of  Baza,  II.  410,  2  c. 

Bastiat,  Frederic  [bas-te-a],  French  econo¬ 
mist,  II.  375 ;  XIII.  678,  1  b. 

Bastide,  Jules  [bas-teed],  French  publicist  and 
politician,  II.  375. 

Bastides,  free  towns,  X.  401,  2  c. 

Bastile  [bas-teel'],  prison  and  citadel  of  Paris, 
II.  375  (ill.).  Erection  of,  IV.  285,  2  c. 

Bastille  [Fr.  bas-teey’] :  see  Bastile. 

Bas'tion  :  see  Fortification,  VII.  330,  1  b, 
ff.(bastioned  system). 

Bast  mats ,  X.  502,  2  a. 

Bastrop,  county,  II.  376. 

Bastrop,  county  seats,  II.  376,  2  a ;  XI.  824,  2  a. 

Bast  tree,  X.  502,  1  a. 

Basyle  [bas'-il],  XIV.  582,  1  c  (Salts). 

Bat,  II.  376.  Common  bat  (ill.),  2  b.  Long¬ 
eared  bat,  377,  2  b  (ill.).  Vampire  bat,  378, 
1  c  (ill.).  Flying  fox  or  roussette,  2  c  (ill.). 
Bats  of  North  America,  379,  1  a. 

Batak',  a  race  of  Sumatra,  II.  379 ;  XI.  56, 
1  be.  Their  currency,  II.  545,  2  ab. 

Batan^'a  :  see  Bashan,  II.  359,  2  ab. 

Batan'gas,  province  of  Luzon,  II.  379.  Capi¬ 
tal  town,  2  c. 

Batatas  [ba-ta'-tas] :  see  Potato,  and  Yam. 

Batatas  edulis  (botany),  XIII.  767,  2  a. 

Batava  Castra :  see  Passau. 

Bata'vi,  ancient  tribe,  II.  379  ;  XII.  246,  2  a. 

Batavia,  city  of  Java,  II.  380  (ill.). 

Batavia,  village  of  New  York,  II.  381. 

Batavian  Republic,  II.  381 ;  XII.  249,  1  be. 

Batchian',  island  (Moluccas),  II.  381. 

Bate ,  in  tanning,  X.  274,  1  b. 

Batea  [ba-ta'-a],  in  gold  mining,  VIII.  82,  2  a. 


BATEMAN 


BATTING 


81 


Bate'man,  Kate  Josephine,  American  actress, 
II.  381. 

Batenian  sect ,  Moslem  offshoot,  VI.  272,  2  b 
(Druses). 

Batenites  :  see  Assassins. 

Bates,  county,  II.  381. 

Bates,  Barnabas,  American  promoter  of  cheap 
postage,  II.  381. 

Bates,  Edward,  LL.  D.,  American  statesman 
and  jurist,  II.  381. 

Bates,  Joshua,  English  hanker,  II.  381. 

Bates  college ,  Lewiston,  Me.,  X.  388,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Batesville ,  county  seat,  IX.  198,  2  c. 

Bath,  for  washing  the  body,  II.  382.  Boman 
baths,  1  c,  383,  2  b.  Public  bath  at  Pom¬ 
peii,  382,  1  c ;  plan  of,  2  a.  Prigidarium, 
2  b  (ill.).  Apodyterium,  383,  1  a  (ill.).  Te- 
pidarium,  1  c  (ill.).  Baths  of  Titus,  383, 
2  a  (ilk).  Plan  of  baths  of  Caracalla,  2  c. 
Turkish  bath,  384,  1  b  (ill.).  Mexican  steam 
bath,  385,  1  a  (ill.).  Japanese  bath,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Hygiene  of  bathing,  385,  1  c. 

Bath ,  for  electroplating,  VII.  600,  1  b  ;  simple 
(ill.),  2  b ;  compound  (ill.),  601,  1  a. 

Bath,  county,  II.  387. 

Bath,  city  of  Maine,  II.  387. 

Bath,  township  and  village  of  New  York,  II. 

388. 

Bath,  Virginia :  see  Berkeley  Springs. 

Bath,  city  of  England,  II.  388  (ill.).  See 
Nash,  Richard,  XII.  149,  2  c. 

Bath,  Earl  of :  see  Pulteney,  William. 

Bath,  Knights  of  the,  II.  388. 

Bath  Court  House  :  see  Warm  Springs. 

Bathil'da ,  trade  in  French  children  suppressed 
by,  VII.  58,  1  b. 

Bathing :  see  Bath. 

Bath  metal,  III.  213,  2  a. 

Bathom' eter,  Morse’s,  XI.  850,  2  b.  Perkins’s, 
XIII.  306,  2  be.  Siemens’s,  XV.  31,  1  c. 

Bathori,  or  Bathory  [ba'-to-re],  family  of, 
II.  389.  Stephen  (three),  Hungarian  com¬ 
mander,  waywode  of  Transylvania,  and  king 
of  Poland,  1  c.  Christopher,  prince  of  Tran¬ 
sylvania,  2  a.  Sigismund,  prince,  ib.  Ga¬ 
briel,  prince,  2  b.  Elizabeth,  countess,  noto¬ 
rious  for  her  cruelty,  2  be. 

BATn'uRST,  town  of  New  Brunswick,  II.  389. 

Bathurst,  county  of  New  South  Wales,  II. 

389.  Town,  390,  1  a. 

Bathurst,  settlement  in  Africa,  II.  390. 

Bathurst,  old  English  family,  II.  390.  Ralph, 
dean  of  Wells,  1  c.  Allen,  first  Earl  Bath¬ 
urst,  2  a.  Henry,  chief  justice,  2  b.  Henry, 
6 


bishop  of  Norwich,  ib.  Henry,  second  Earl 
Bathurst,  2  c. 

Bathurst,  Sir  Benjamin,  allusion  to,  II.  390,  2  a. 
Bathurst  Inlet,  Arctic  ocean,  II.  390. 
Bathyanyi  :  see  Batthyanyi. 

Bathyb'ius,  low  form  of  protozoa,  II.  390. 

See  Protoplasm,  XIV.  35,  2  b. 

Bathyl'lus  of  Alexandria,  pantomime,  II. 
391 ;  243,  2  b. 

Batjan  [bat-yan'J :  see  Batciiian. 

Batlapi,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  ab. 

Batoana,  African  tribe,  II.  438,  2  b. 

Bato'ka,  African  tribe,  II.  391. 

Baton  and  riband ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  c. 
See  plate  (after  p.  670),  at  the  middle  on  the 
left. 

Batoni,  Pompeo  Girolamo  [ba-to'-ne],  Italian 
painter,  II.  391. 

Baton  Rouge  [bat'-un  roozh],  city  of  Louisi¬ 
ana,  II.  391. 

Baton  Rouge,  East  and  West :  see  East  Baton 
Rouge,  and  West  Baton  Rouge. 
Batrachians  [ba-tra'-ke-ans],  in  zoology:  see 
Amphibia,  Herpetology,  Reptiles,  Frog, 
and  Toad. 

Batrachomyoma'chia,  Homeric  poem,  VIII. 
778,  2  c. 

Batracho-spermum  monilifor'me  (botany),  VII. 
248,  2  a. 

Batra'chus  (ichthyology),  XV.  779,  1  c.  B. 

grunniens,  2  a.  B.  tau,  2  b  (ill.). 

Batshian  :  see  Batciiian. 

Batsman,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  V.  482,  2  ab. 
Batta  :  see  Batak. 

Batta,  soldier’s  allowance  in  India,  II.  539, 1  c. 
Battement  [bat-mang],  in  fencing,  VII.  121,  1  c. 
Batten ,  in  weaving,  XVI.  523,  2  a. 

Batteries,  floating  iron-clad,  XII.  187,  1  be. 

Russian,  IX.  387,  2  (ills.). 

Battering  Ram,  II.  391  (ill.). 

Bat'tersea,  suburb  of  London,  II.  392. 
Battery,  in  law,  II.  392. 

Battery,  of  artillery,  I.  788,  1  c,  2  a;  797,  2  a. 
Battery ,  in  sugar  making,  XV.  446,  1  b. 
Battery,  a  public  park  in  New  York,  XII.  379, 
2  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  X.  330,  2  ab. 
Battery,  Galvanic :  see  Galvanism. 

Battery ,  Stevens’s,  IX.  377,  2  b. 

Batteux,  Charles  [ba-tuh],  French  writer  on. 
aesthetics,  II.  393. 

Batthyanyi,  Kazmer  (Casimir),  [bot'-yan-ye], 
Hungarian  statesman,  II.  393.  Lajos  (Louis), 
1  c ;  IX.  59,  2  b ;  61,  1  c. 

Batting,  of  cotton,  V.  413,  2  a. 


S2 


BATTLE 


BAYADEER 


Battle,  town  of  England,  II.  393. 

Battle ,  trial  by,  IV.  248,  2  b.  Introduction  into 
England,  2  c;  continuance  there,  249,  1  a. 

Battle  Axe,  military  weapon,  II.  393. 

Battle  Creek,  city  of  Michigan,  II.  394. 

Battledoor,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  15,  1  c. 

Battle  of  the  giants ,  VII.  416,  2  b;  XI.  370, 
1  b  (Melegnano). 

“  Battle  of  the  Kegsf  ballad,  origin  of,  III.  484, 
1  c. 

Battle  of  the  spurs  (at  Guinegate),  II.  406,  1  c. 

Battle  of  the  thirty ,  II.  427,  2  c. 

Battu  [bat-too'],  cultivated  amaranthus,  VIII. 
336,  2  a.  See  I.  377,  1  a  (Amaranth). 

Batture ,  the ,  of  New  Orleans,  X.  546,  2  c. 

Bath  Iaiian  [ba-too'  kan],  Mongol  conqueror, 
II.  394. 

Batuta,  Ibn  [ba-too'-ta],  Moorish  traveller 
and  theologian,  II.  394. 

Batyushkoff,  Constantin  Nikolayevitcli  [bat'- 
yoosh-kof],  Russian  poet,  II.  394. 

Batz  [bas],  island :  see  Bas. 

Bau  [bow],  tree,  VII.  110,  1  b. 

Baucher,  Francis  [bo-sha],  French  teacher  of 
horsemanship,  II.  394. 

Bau'cis,  mythical,  II.  394. 

Baudelocque,  Jean  Louis  [bode-luk],  French 
surgeon,  II.  394. 

Baudens,  Jean  Baptiste  Lucien  [bo-dangce], 
French  surgeon,  II.  394. 

Baudin,  Nicolas  [bo-dang],  French  naturalist, 
II.  395. 

Baudin  des  Ardennes,  Charles  [da  zar-den], 
French  naval  officer,  II.  395. 

Baudouin  [bo-dwang] :  see  Baldwin,  III.  238, 1  a. 

Baudrais,  Jean  [bo-dra],  French  author,  II.  395. 

Baudrillart,  Henri  Joseph  Leon  [bo-dre-yar], 
French  economist,  II.  395. 

Bauer,  Anton  [bow'-er],  German  jurist,  II.  395. 

Bauer,  Bernard,  abb6  [bo-air],  French  priest, 
II.  395. 

Bauer,  Bruno,  German  critic  and  theologian, 
II.  396.  Edgar,  2  a. 

Bauer ,  Georg :  see  Agricola,  Georg. 

Bauer,  Georg  Lorenz,  German  theologian,  II. 
396. 

Bauge  [bo-zlia],  town  of  France,  II.  396. 

Bauhin,  Jean  [bo-ang],  French  physician  and 
naturalist,  II.  397 ;  III.  131,  2  b;  132,  1  c. 

Baumannshohle  [bow'-mans-ho-leh],  cave  in 
the  Hartz,  II.  397. 

Baumberg ,  Gabriele  [bowm'-bairg],  wife  of 
Bacsyanyi,  II.  207,  2  b. 

BaumIs,  Antoine  [bo-ma],  French  apothecary 


and  chemist,  II.  397.  His  hydrometer,  IX. 
124,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Baumgarten,  Alexander  Gottlieb  [bowm'-gar- 
ten],  German  author,  II.  397. 

Baumgarten,  Michael,  German  theologian,  II. 
397. 

Baumgarten,  Sigmund  Jakob,  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  II.  397. 

Baumgarten-Crusius,  Detlev  Karl  Wilhelm 
[-kroo'-ze-oos],  German  philologist,  II.  397. 
Ludwig  Friedrich  Otto,  theologian,  2  c. 
Baumgartner,  Andreas  von,  baron,  Austrian 
statesman  and  savant,  II.  398. 
Baumgartner,  Gallus  Jakob,  Swiss  politician 
and  historian,  II.  398. 

Baumgartner,  Karl  Heinrich  [bowm'-gairt- 
ner],  German  physiologist,  II.  398. 
Baumian:  see  Bamian. 

Baur,  Ferdinand  Christian  [bowr],  German 
theologian,  II.  398. 

Bausset,  Louis  Francois  de  [bo-sa],  French 
cardinal,  II.  399. 

Bautain,  Louis  Eugene  Marie  [bo-tang],  French 
philosopher  and  theologian,  II.  399. 
Bautzen  [bowt'-sen],  town  of  Saxony,  II.  399. 
Battle  of,  1  c. 

Bauxite  [bo'-zite] :  see  Alumina,  I.  366,  2  b ; 

also  Alum,  I.  365,  2  b ;  Aluminum,  368,  1  c, 
Bavai  :  see  Bavay. 

Bava'ria,  kingdom  of  Germany,  II.  399.  Pop¬ 
ulation  and  divisions,  1  b.  Religion  and  reli¬ 
gious  denominations,  2  be,  and  401,  1  c. 
Physical  features,  400,  1  a.  Climate,  1  c. 
Soil  and  agriculture,  2  a.  Industry,  2  b. 
Intercommunication,  2  c.  Education,  401, 
1  ab.  Constitution  and  government,  2  a. 
History,  2  c. 

Bavarian  beer ,  II.  400,  2  b ;  III.  261,  2  b. 
Bavay  [ba-va],  town  of  France,  II.  403. 
Ba’viad ,  satirical  poem,  VII.  804,  1  b. 

Bawian  [ba-w7e-an'],  island,  II.  403. 

Bawr,  Alexandrine  Sophie  Coury  de  Champ- 
grand,  baroness  de  [duh  bowr],  French  au¬ 
thoress,  II.  403. 

Baxter ,  electrician,  I.  519,  1  a  and  b. 

Bax'ter,  Andrew,  Scottish  metaphysician,  II. 
403  ;  XIII.  445,  2  a. 

Baxter,  Richard,  English  clergyman,  II.  403. 
Baxter,  William,  English  philologist  and  ar¬ 
chaeologist,  II.  404. 

Bay,  county,  II.  404. 

Bay,  tree,  X.  208,  2  a. 

Ba'yadeer,  dancing  and  singing  girl  of  India. 
II.  404;  ill.,  405. 


BAYAGOULAS 


BEAM 


83 


Bayagoulas  [bl-a-goo'-las],  Indian  tribe,  II. 
405. 

Bayamo  [ba-ya'-mo],  town  of  Cuba,  II.  405. 
Bayard ,  fabulous  war  horse,  I.  215,  1  c. 
Bayard,  Janies  Asheton  [bl'-ard],  American 
lawyer  and  statesman,  II.  405.  Nicholas, 
Huguenot  immigrant,  2  b.  Richard  Bassett, 
senator,  2  c.  James  Asheton,  senator,  ib. 
Thomas  Francis,  senator,  ib. 

Bayard,  Jean  Francois  Alfred  [ba-yar],  French 
dramatist,  II.  405. 

Bayard,  Pierre  du  Terrail,  chevalier  de,  French 
knight,  II.  406. 

Bayazid  [ba-ya-zeed'] :  see  Bajazid. 
Bay'berry,  or  Wax  Myrtle,  shrub,  II.  406 ;  ill., 

407. 

Bayberry  (pimento),  I.  337,  1  c. 

Bayberry  tallow ,  XVI.  516,  1  ab. 

Bay  City,  city  of  Michigan,  II.  407. 

Bayer,  Johann  [bi'-er],  German  astronomer, 
II.  407.  Gottlieb  Siegfried,  philologist  and 
archaeologist,  2  b. 

Bayern  [bl'-ern],  German  name  of  Bavaria, 
derivation  of,  II.  401,  2  c. 

Bayeux  [ba-yuh],  town  of  France,  II.  407. 
Bayetjx  Tapestry,  II.  407. 

Bayfield,  county,  II.  408. 

Bay  Islands :  see  Bonacca,  and  VIII.  787,  2  a. 
Bayle,  Pierre  [bail],  French  philosophical  wri¬ 
ter,  II.  408. 

Bay  leaves ,  for  flavoring,  X.  208,  2  c. 

Baylen  [bl-lain'],  town  of  Spain,  II.  408. 
Capitulation  of,  ib. ;  I.  323,  2  a ;  IV.  68, 
1  b ;  VI.  323,  2  a. 

Bay'ley,  James  Roosevelt,  American  arch¬ 
bishop  (died  1877),  II.  408. 

Bayley,  Richard,  American  physician,  II. 

408. 

Baylor,  county,  II.  409. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Haynes,  English  poet  and 
dramatist,  II.  409. 

Bayne,  Peter,  Scottish  author  and  critic,  II. 

409. 

Bay'onet,  weapon,  II.  409.  Trowel  or  spade 
bayonet,  2  c.  Introduction  of,  I.  735,  2  c; 
XII.  98,  2  c.  First  forms  (ill.),  99,  1  a.  Old 
Prussian  and  French  forms  (ill.),  1  c.  Old 
English  form  (ill.),  100,  1  a.  Use  of  in  bat¬ 
tle,  VII.  121,  2  c. 

Bayonne  [ba-yiin],  city  of  France,  II.  409  ; 
view,  410. 

Bayou  Sara  [bl'-oo  sa'-ra],  village  of  Louisi¬ 
ana,  II.  410. 

Bayreuth :  see  Baireuth. 


Bayrhoffer,  Karl  Theodor  [bire'-liuf-fer],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher  and  politician,  II.  410. 

Bay  rum ,  XII.  112,  2  c  (Myrtle). 

Bays  and  gulfs ,  a  state’s  jurisdiction  over  them, 
X.  224,  2  b. 

Baza  [ba'-tha],  town  of  Spain,  II.  410.  Springs 
of,  411,  1  a. 

Ba'za  (ornithology),  X.  19,  2  c. 

Bazaine,  Francois  Achille  [ba-zain],  French 
general,  II.  411.  His  surrender  of  Metz, 
2  a;  XI.  463,  1  a.  His  trial,  XI.  463,  1  b  ; 
X.  800,  1  be.  His  escape  from  prison,  X. 
365,  1  a. 

Bazalgette',  Joseph  William,  English  civil 
engineer,  11.411. 

Bazancourt,  Cesar  de,  baron  [ba-zang-koor], 
French  author,  II.  411. 

Bazard,  Amand  [ba-zar],  French  carbonarist 
and  St.  Simonian,  II.  411. 

Bazar jik:  see  Basarjik  (Index). 

Bazeegharnee ,  Indian  dancing  girl,  II.  405,  1  a. 

Bazeilles  [ba-zay’],  village  of  France,  II.  412. 

Bazin,  Antoine  Pierre  Ernest  [ba-zang],  French 
physician,  II.  412.  Antoine  Pierre  Louis, 
philologist,  1  b. 

Bdellium  [del'-le-um],  gum  resin,  II.  412. 

Beach,  Moses  Yale,  American  mechanic  and 
editor,  II.  412. 

Beach  mining  (of  gold),  VIII.  83,  2  a. 

Beacon ,  to  warn  of  danger,  X.  457,  2  c. 

Beacon  hill ,  Boston,  III.  116,  1  b. 

Beacon  hill,  on'  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Beaconsfield  [bek'-uns-feeld],  town  of  Eng¬ 
land,  II.  412.  Viscountess  Beaconsfield,  1  a. 
(Benjamin  Disraeli  made  Earl  Beaconsfield 
in  1876.) 

Bead,  ornament,  II.  412.  Beads  used  as  cur¬ 
rency,  2  b ;  in  rosaries,  ib.  See  Saint  Guth- 
bertfs  beads  (Index). 

Beadsmen,  VI.  763,  1  c  (Eton). 

Bead  tree :  see  Pride  of  India. 

Beagle,  hound,  II.  413  (ill.). 

Beal,  or  Bal  (=  Baal),  Irish  deity,  II.  178,  2  a. 

Beale,  Lionel  S.,  English  physiologist,  II.  413. 
On  fermentation,  VII.  142,  2  be;  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  yeast  plant,  146,  1  b ;  of  the 
poisonous  matter  in  deceased  animals,  144, 

1  be. 

Beale,  Mary,  English  artist,  II.  413. 

Beam,  in  architecture,  II.  413.  Iron  beams, 

2  b.  Best  construction  of,  414,  2  a.  Solid- 
rolled,  2  c.  Sustaining  power,  415,  2  c;  rule 
for,  416, 1  a.  Straining  beam,  XIV.  421, 1  c. 

Beam  of  a  deer's  horn,  V.  756,  2  b. 


84 


BEAMS 


BEAUJEU 


Beams  of  a  loom ,  XVI.  523,  1  b.  Beaming, 

1  c. 

Bean,  plant,  II.  416  (ill.).  Growth  of  de¬ 
scribed,  XIII.  575,  1  a;  576,  1  a. 

Bean  dolphin,  I.  583,  1  b  (Aphis). 

Bean  Goose:  see  Goose,  VIII.  105,  1  be. 
Bean  trefoil ,  a  European  name  of  the  labur¬ 
num,  X.  75,  1  a. 

Bear,  animal,  II.  417.  Polar  bear,  1  c  (ill.). 
Grisly  bear,  2  c  (ill.,  418).  (See  III.  606, 

2  b.)  Cave  bear,  1  a.  (See  397,  1  b,  and 
III.  63,  2  a,  b.)  European  brown  bear,  2  a. 
American  black  bear,  ib.  (ill.).  Cinnamon 
bear,  419,  1  a  (ill.,  418).  Asiatic  or  sloth 
bear,  1  ab  (ill.).  Syrian  bear,  1  c  (ill.).  Si¬ 
berian  bear,  2  a.  Spectacled  bear,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Thibetan  or  Isabel  bear,  2  c.  Malayan  sun 
bear,  ib.  (ill.,  420).  Bornean  bear,  ib.  No 
bears  in  Africa,  420,  1  b.  Bear  baiting,  1  be. 
Bear  skins,  VII.  539,  1  c. 

Bear,  Great  and  Lesser,  constellations,  II.  420. 
Bear  and  bull ,  terms  of  the  stock  exchange, 
XV.  388,  1  c. 

Bear  baiting ,  II.  420,  1  c. 

Beard,  hair  of  the  face,  II.  420. 

Beard,  James  II.,  American  painter,  II.  421. 

William  H.,  painter,  2  c. 

Beard  grass ,  X.  337,  1  c. 

Beardstown ,  county  seat,  IV.  59,  1  b. 

Bearing  of  wheel ,  XVI.  592,  2  b. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  British  America,  II.  422. 
Bear  Lake  Eiver,  II.  422. 

Bear  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  II.  422. 

Bearn  [ba-arn],  district  of  France,  II.  422. 
Bear  Eiver,  Utah,  II.  422.  California,  2  ab. 
Bear's  foot  (hellebore),  VIII.  621,  2  a. 

Be'as,  river  of  India,  II.  422. 

Beasley,  Frederick,  American  clergyman,  II. 
422. 

Beasts ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  b.  See  plate 
after  p.  670. 

Beater ,  instrument  used  in  basket  making,  II. 
366,  1  b. 

Beatia  [be-a'-sha],  ancient  city:  see  Baeza. 
Beatification,  in  the  Eoman  Catholic  church, 
II.  422. 

Beaton,  David,  cardinal  and  archbishop  of  St. 
Andrews,  II.  422.  His  persecution  of  the 
Scotch  reformers,  423,  1  b  and  c.  Wishart 
and  others  sentenced  by  him  to  be  burned  at 
the  stake,  ib .,  and  XVI.  690,  1  a.  His  vio¬ 
lent  death,  II.  423,  1  c.  His  private  charac¬ 
ter,  ib. 

Beatoun :  see  Beaton. 


Beatrice  Portinari  [ba-a-tre'-cha  por-te-na'- 
re],  II.  423.  See  Dante,  V.  670,  1  c;  672, 
1  c. 

Beats ,  in  harmony,  VIII.  467,  2  b. 

Beat'tie,  James  [Scot,  ba'-te],  Scottish  poet, 
II.  423. 

Beau  Brummel ,  sobriquet:  see  Brummel,  III. 
356,  2  a. 

Beaucaire  [bo-kair],  town  of  France,  II.  423. 

Beauce  [boce],  county  of  Canada,  II.  423. 

Beauchesne,  Alcide  Ilyacinthe  du  Bois  de 
[dti  bwa  duh  bo-shain],  French  author,  II. 
424. 

Beauclerk,  Topham  [in  England,  bo-klark'], 
a  favorite  of  Dr.  Johnson,  II.  424. 

Beauffort ,  Belgian  dukes  and  counts  of :  see 
Beaufort,  II.  424,  2  b. 

Beaufort  [bu'-furt],  two  counties,  II.  424. 

Beaufort,  town  of  North  Carolina,  II.  424. 
Of  South  Carolina,  2  a. 

Beaufort  [bo-for],  town  of  France,  II.  424. 

Beaufort ,  origin  of  the  English  dukes  of,  II. 
424,  2  b ;  of  the  French  dukes  of,  ib. ;  of 
the  Belgian  dukes  and  counts  of,  ib. 

Beaufort,  Sir  Francis,  English  naval  officer 
and  hydrographer,  II.  424. 

Beaufort,  Francois  de  Vendome,  duke  of, 
French  soldier,  II.  425. 

Beaufort,  Henry  of,  English  prelate  and 
statesman,  II.  425. 

Beaufort,  Henry  Charles  Fitzroy  Somerset, 
eighth  duke  of,  English  soldier,  II.  425. 

Beaufort,  Margaret,  countess  of  Eichmond 
and  of  Derby,  II.  425. 

Beaugency  [bo-zlians-se],  town  of  France,  II. 
426. 

Beauharnais,  Alexandre,  vicomte  de  [bo-ar- 
na],  French  general,  II.  426. 

Beauharnais,  Eugene  de,  duke  of  Leuchten- 
berg  and  prince  of  Eichstadt,  II.  426.  See 

LEUCnTENBEIIG. 

Beauharnais,  Fanny,  comtesse  de,  French 
writer,  II.  427. 

Beauharnais,  Frangois,  marquis  de,  French 
royalist,  II.  427. 

Beauharnais,  Ilortense  Eugenie,  queen  of 
Holland,  II.  427. 

Beauharnais ,  Josephine ,  daughter  of  Eugene 
de  Beauharnais,  II.  426,  2  c.  Eugenie  Hor- 
tense,  ib.  Amelie  Auguste,  427,  1  a. 

Beauharnois  [bo-ar-na],  county  of  Canada, 
II.  427. 

Beaujeu ,  Anne  de  [bo-zliuh],  regent  of  France, 
IV.  287,  1  c. 


BEAUJOLAIS 


BECHSTEIN 


85 


Beaujolais  [bo-zhiili-la],  district  of  France, 
II.  427.  Wines  of,  VII.  412,  2  ab. 

Beaumanoir,  Jean,  sire  do  [bo-ma-nwar], 
French  knight,  II.  427. 

Beaumanoir,  Philippe  de,  French  jurist,  II. 
427. 

Beaumarchais,  Pierre  Augustin  Caron  de  [bo- 
mar-sha],  French  dramatic  author,  II.  428. 

Beaumelle,  Laurent  Angliviel  de  la  [bo-mel], 
French  author,  II.  429.  Victor  Laurent 
Suzanne  Moise,  430,  1  b. 

Beaumont  [bo-moBg],  town  of  France,  II.  430. 

Beaumont  [bo'-mont],  county  seat,  IX.  587, 1  b. 

Beaumont,  £lie  de  :  see  £lie  de  Beaumont. 

Beaumont ,  Francis :  see  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher. 

Beaumont,  Sir  George  Howland,  English  pa¬ 
tron  of  art,  II.  430. 

Beaumont,  Sir  John,  English  poet,  II.  430. 

Beaumont ,  Thomas ,  governor  of  the  Bastile, 
II.  376,  1  b. 

Beaumont,  William,  American  surgeon,  II. 
430.  Experiments  on  Alexis  St.  Martin,  2 
b.  See  Digestion,  VI.  105,  2  b;  Dietetics, 
101,  2  be,  102,  1  b. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  English  dramatists 
and  poets,  II.  430 ;  VI.  635,  2  b. 

Beaumont  de  la  Bonniere,  Gustave  Auguste 
de  [bo-mong  dull  la  bun-yair],  French  advo¬ 
cate  and  writer,  II.  431. 

Beaumont  and  Mayer ,  friction  machine  of,  VII. 
491,  2  c. 

Beaune  [bone],  town  of  France,  II.  431. 

Beaune-la-Rolande  [-la-ruh-langd],  village  of 
France,  and  battle,  II.  431. 

Beaupoire :  see  Belper. 

Beauregard,  Pierre  Gustave  Toutant  [bo-re¬ 
gard';  Fr.  bo-ruh-gar],  American  general, 
II.  431. 

BEAUREPAiRE-RonAN,  Henri  de  [bo-rhh-pair- 
ro-ang],  French  traveller,  II.  431. 

Beauseant  [bo-sa-ang],  banner  and  battle  cry  of 
the  templars,  XV.  634,  2  b. 

Beausobre,  Isaac  de  [bo-zubr’],  French  theo¬ 
logian,  II.  432. 

Beautemps-Beaupre,  Charles  Frangois  [bo- 
tang-bo-pra],  French  hydrographer,  II.  432. 

Beauty:  see  ^Esthetics.  Hogarth’s  “Anal¬ 
ysis  of,”  VIII.  759,  2  c ;  760,  1  b.  His  line 
of  beauty,  759,  2  c. 

Beauvais  [bo-va],  city  of  France,  II.  433. 

Beauvais,  Charles  Theodore,  French  general, 
II.  433. 

Beauvau,  de  [duh  bo-vo],  French  family,  II. 


433.  Rene,  1  c.  Louis,  ib.  Bertrand,  2  a. 
Ren6  Frangois,  2  a.  Charles  Juste,  ib. 

Beauvois,  Ambroise  Marie  Frangois  Joseph 
Palisot  de  [duh  bo-vwa] :  see  Palisot. 

Beauzee,  Nicolas  [bo-za],  French  grammarian, 
II.  433. 

Beaver,  animal,  II.  433.  Ill.,  434,  1  a.  Bea¬ 
ver  lodges  and  dam  (ill.),  2  b.  Beaver  trap¬ 
ping,  435,  1  a.  Trade  in  beaver  skins,  1  c. 
European  beaver,  2  ab.  Beaver  fur,  VII. 
539,  1  b. 

Beaver,  two  counties,  II.  435. 

Beaver,  county  seat,  II.  435,  2  c. 

Beaver,  Philip,  English  navigator,  II.  435. 

Beaver  City ,  county  seat,  II.  435,  2  c. 

Beaver  cloth ,  invention  of,  XVI.  720,  1  c. 

Beaver  Head,  county,  II.  436. 

Beaver  Indians,  II.  436. 

Beaver  Islands,  Lake  Michigan,  II.  436. 

Beaver  poison,  plant,  IV.  577,  2  a. 

Beaver  rat :  see  Water  Rat. 

Beaverwood,  VIII.  365,  2  b  (IIackberry). 

Beazley,  Samuel,  English  architect  and  author, 
II.  436. 

Bebaoum  pass  [ba-ba-oom'],  Atlas  mountains, 
II.  81,  1  c. 

Bebe  [ba-ba],  French  dwarf,  VI.  335,  2  be. 

Bebee'ria :  see  Bebeerine. 

Bebeerine  [be-be'-rin],  an  alkaloid,  II.  436. 
Its  source,  VIII.  231,  1  ab. 

Bebeeru  baric,  II.  436,  1  c ;  VIII.  231,  1  ab. 

Bebian,  Roch  Ambroise  Auguste  [ba-byang], 
French  teacher  of  deaf  mutes,  II.  436. 

Bebutoff,  Vasili  Osipovitcb,  prince  [beb'-oo- 
tof],  Russian  soldier,  II.  436.  David,  2  c. 

Becancour  [ba-kang-koor],  county  seat,  XII. 
435,  2  a. 

Beccadella,  Antonio ,  founder  of  the  Accademia 
Pontaniana,  I.  50,  1  b. 

Beccajicata  [bek-ka-fe-ka'-ta],  feast,  II.  437, 1  b. 

Beccafico  [bek-ka-fe'-ko],  bird,  II.  437  (ill.). 

Beccafumi,  Domenico  [bek-ka-foo'-me],  Italian 
artist,  II.  437. 

Beccaria,  Cesare  Bonesana,  marquis  of  [bek- 
ka'-re-a],  Italian  jurist  and  economist,  II.  437. 

Beccaria,  Giambattista,  Italian  electrician, 
II.  437. 

Becerra,  Gaspar  [ba-thair'-ra],  Spanish  sculp¬ 
tor  and  painter,  II.  437. 

Becher,  Johann  Joachim  [beh'-cher],  German 
chemist,  II.  438.  See  Chemistry,  IV.  360, 
1  a,  c ;  Heat,  VIII.  567,  2  ab. 

Bechstein,  Johann  Matthaus  [bech'-stine],  Ger¬ 
man  ornithologist  and  forester,  II.  438. 


86 


BECHUAHA 


BEE 


Bechuana  [betch-wa'-na],  people  of  S.  Africa, 
IL  438. 

Beck,  David,  Dutch  portrait  painter,  II.  438. 

Beck,  Karl,  German  poet,  II.  438. 

Beck,  Theodoric  Romeyn,  American  physician, 
II.  439.  John  Brodhead,  physician,  1  be. 
Lewis  C.,  naturalist,  1  c. 

Becker,  county,  II.  439. 

Becker,  Gottfried  Wilhelm,  German  physician 
and  writer,  II.  439.  Karl  Ferdinand,  musi¬ 
cian,  2  b  (died  1877). 

Becker,  Karl  Ferdinand,  German  philologist, 
II.  439. 

Becker,  Karl  Friedrich,  German  historian,  II. 
440. 

Becker,  Rudolf  Zacharias,  German  author,  II. 
440. 

Becker,  Wilhelm  Gottlieb,  German  archieolo- 
gist,  II.  440.  Wilhelm  Adolf,  educator  and 
writer,  1  c. 

Bechet ,  Gilbert  a,  father  of  Thomas  a  Becket, 
II.  440,  2  a. 

Becket,  Thomas  a,  English  prelate  and  states¬ 
man,  II.  440.  His  shrine,  441,  2  c.  Beck- 
et’s  crown  or  corona,  442, 1  a.  Biographies 
and  notices  of,  ib.  See  Henry  II.,  VIII.  642, 
2  b,  ff. 

Beckford,  William,  English  politician,  II.  442. 
William,  author,  2  ab. 

Beckmann,  Johann,  German  technologist,  II. 
443. 

Beckx,  Pierre  Jean  [bex],  general  of  the  soci¬ 
ety  of  Jesus,  II.  443. 

Becquerel,  Antoine  Cesar  [bek-rel],  French 
physicist,  II.  443.  His  battery,  VII.  590, 
1  b ;  his  oxygen  circuit,  591,  2  c. — Alexan¬ 
dre  Edmond,  physicist,  II.  444,  1  ab.  His 
table  of  specific  electrical  resistances,  VII. 
596,  1  c. — Louis  Alfred,  physician,  II.  444, 
1  b. 

Becse,  Old  [betch'-eh],  borough  of  Hungary, 
II.  444.  Hew,  1  c. 

Becskerek,  Great  [betch'-ker-ek],  town  of 
Hungary,  II.  444.  Little,  village,  1  c. 

Beda :  see  Bede. 

Bed  and  Bedstead,  II.  444.  Early  English 
bed  (ill.),  2  c.  Great  bed  of  Ware,  445,  1 
ab  (ill.).  Ancient  Egyptian  bed,  1  c  (ill.). 
Hydrostatic  or  water  bed,  2  a. 

Bedarieux  [ba-da-re-uh],  town  of  France,  II. 
445. 

Bedbug  :  see  Epizoa,  VI.  696,  2  c  (ilk). 

Bedcanford ,  old  town  of  England,  II.  448,  1  c. 

Bedder ,  lower  millstone,  XI.  558,  1  a. 


Beddoes,  Thomas,  English  physician,  II.  445. 

Thomas  Lovell,  poet,  446,  1  c. 

Bede,  the  Venerable,  Saxon  ecclesiastic,  II.  446. 
Bedeau,  Marie  Alphonse  [buh-do],  French 
general,  II.  446. 

Bedell',  Gregory  Townsend,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  author,  II.  447.  Gregory  Thurs¬ 
ton,  bishop,  1  be. 

Bedell,  William,  English  prelate,  II.  447. 
Beders ,  tribe  of  India,  IV.  494,  2  a. 

Bedford  [bed'-furd],  three  counties,  II.  447. 
Bedford,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  II.  448. 
Bedford,  borough  of  England,  II.  448. 

Bedford ,  county  seats,  X.  230,  2  c;  XV.  591, 
2  c ;  868,  2  c. 

Bedford,  Gunning  S.,  American  physician,  II. 
448. 

Bedford,  John,  duke  of,  English  soldier  and 
statesman,  II.  448.  William  Russell,  duke 
of,  449,  1  b. 

Bedford  Level,  district  of  England,  II.  449. 
Bedford  missal ,  illuminated  manuscript,  XI. 
599,  2  b. 

Bedfordshire,  county  of  England,  II.  449. 

Bed  of  Justice,  II.  445  ;  XIII.  117,  1  be. 
Bedlam,  Bethlehem  hospital,  London,  II.  449 ; 
X.  602,  2  be. 

Bedlam  beggars ,  or  Tom-o’-Bedlams,  II.  450, 

1  a. 

Bedloe's  island ,  Hew  York  harbor,  fever  hos¬ 
pital  built  on,  II.  307,  2  c.  Fort  on,  XII. 
384,  2  a. 

Bedouins  [bed'-oo-ins],  Arabian  nomadic  tribes, 
II.  450  (ill.). 

Bed  rock ,  in  mines,  XI.  572,  2  b. 

Beds,  abbreviation  of  Bedfordshire,  II.  449. 
Beds  of  passage,  in  geology,  VII.  695,  1  be. 
Bedstead :  see  Bed  and  Bedstead. 

Bedstraw ,  plant,  XVI.  711,  1  ab. 

Bed-work  irrigation ,  IX.  415,  2  c. 

Bee,  insect,  II.  451.  Honey  bee,  1  ab  (ills.,  451, 
452).  Queen  bee,  452,  1  ab,  2  a ;  453,  2  c  ; 
456,  1  c.  Drones  or  males,  452,  1  b  and  2  b ; 
453,  2  a.  Workers  or  neuters  (females), 

1  ab,  c;  453,  2  b.  Bee  sting,  452,  1  c. 
Food  of  bees,  454,  1  ab.  Secretion  of  wax, 

2  a.  Life  in  a  hive,  2  c.  Architecture  of 
bees,  455, 1  b.  Swarming,  456, 1  a.  Italian 
or  Ligurian  bee,  2  a;  in  the  United  States, 
458,  2  be.  Hatural  enemies,  456,  2  ab. 
Wild  honey  bees,  2  be.  Humblebee,  457, 
1  c  (ill.).  Carder  bee,  458,  1  ab.  Lapidary 
bee,  1  b.  Solitary  bees,  1  be.  Mason  bees, 
1  c  (ill.)-  Mining  bees,  2  a.  Carpenter  bees, 


BEE 


BEGONIA 


87 


2  b  (ill.).  Loaf-cutting  and  upholstering 
bees,  459,  1  b.  Poppy  bee,  ib.  Bose-leaf 
cutter,  1  be  (ill.).  See  Bee-keeping. 

Bee,  county,  II.  459. 

Beebee ,  title,  III.  691,  1  be. 

Bee  bread ,  II.  454,  2  a. 

Beech,  tree,  II.  459  (ill.).  Beech  leaves,  flow¬ 
ers,  and  nut  (ill.),  460. 

Beecher,  Lyman,  D.  D.,  American  theologian, 
II.  460.  Catherine  Esther,  educator  and  au¬ 
thoress,  461,  2  b.  Edward,  D.  D.,  clergyman 
and  author,  2  c.  Henry  Ward,  clergyman 
and  author,  462,  1  ab.  Harriet  Elizabeth 
(Stowe),  novelist,  2  b.  Charles,  clergyman 
and  author,  463,  1  ab.  Thomas  Kennicutt, 
clergyman  and  author,  1  b. 

Beeohey,  Frederick  William,  English  naviga¬ 
tor,  II.  463  ;  I  671,  1  c. 

Beechey,  Sir  William,  English  painter,  II.  463. 
Beeching's  life  boat ,  X.  421,  1  b. 

Bee-eater,  bird,  II.  463.  Common,  464,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Bee  wolf,  2  a  (ill.). 

Beef -eater,  bird,  XII.  768,  1  c  (Oxpecker). 
Beefsteak  club,  IY.  718,  1  b.  Allusion  to,  II. 
575,  1  c. 

Beefsteak  geranium,  XIV.  657,  1  a. 

Bee  hive :  see  Bee-keeping. 

Beehive,  geyser,  VII.  787,  1  c. 

Beehive  houses,  ancient  Irish  structures,  IX. 
355,  1  b. 

Bee  hunting,  II.  456,  2  c. 

Bee-keeping,  II.  464.  The  apiary,  2  a.  Posi¬ 
tion  of  hives,  2  ab  (ills.).  Forms  of  hives, 
465,  1  a,  ft.  (ills.).  Comb  (ill.),  2  b.  Polish 
hives,  466,  1  a  (ill.).  Use  of  glass  boxes, 

1  b.  Swarming,  2  ab  (ill.).  Removing 
comb,  467,  I  b.  Prevention  of  robbery,  1  c. 
Wintering  bees,  2  a ;  468,  1  b.  The  bee 
moth,  467,  2  be.  Management  in  spring, 

468,  1  c.  Profit  of  bee-keeping,  2  ab.  In¬ 
troduction  of  the  Italian  or  Ligurian  bee, 

2  be. 

Bee  line,  II.  457,  1  b. 

Beelzebub  [be-el'-ze-bub],  sovereign  of  evil 
spirits,  II.  469. 

Beelzebul:  see  Beelzebub. 

Bee  martin ,  bird,  IX.  837,  2  b. 

Bee  moth,  or  wax  moth,  II.  456,  2  b ;  467,  2  be. 
Beemster  [baim'-ster],  district  of  Holland,  II. 

469. 

Beer,  fermented  liquor,  II.  469.  Its  ancient 
use,  1  b.  Varieties,  2  ab.  Analyses,  470, 
2  b.  Production,  2  c.  Manufacture :  see 
Brewing. 


Beer,  Wilhelm  [bair],  German  astronomer,  II. 
470.  His  map  of  the  moon,  2  b;  XI.  800, 
2  b. — Michael,  dramatist,  II.  2  b. 

Beer  barrel,  II.  336,  1  a. 

Beernem  [bair'-nem],  Belgium,  reformatory  at, 

XIV.  503,  1  b. 

Beer-sheba  [be-er'-slie-ba],  ancient  town,  II. 
470. 

Beer  and  Steamboat  springs  (mineral),  II.  422, 
2  a  (Bear  River). 

Beeswax,  secretion  of,  II.  454,  2  a.  Nature 
and  preparation  of,  XVI.  515,  1  c,  ff. 
Beeswing,  in  wine,  XVI.  666,  2  be. 

Beet,  plant,  II.  471.  Blood  beets,  1  ab  (ills.). 
Mangel-wurzel,  1  c.  White  beet,  its  use  in 
sugar  making,  2  a.  Chard  beet,  2  b  (ill.). 
Beethoven,  Ludwig  van  [ba'-to-ven],  Dutch 
musician,  II.  472. — Ludwig  van,  German 
composer,  1  ab.  His  deafness,  2  b.  His 
lawsuits  for  the  custody  of  his  nephew  Karl, 
473,  2  a.  His  brother  Johann,  2  c.  His 
works,  1  b;  XII.  91,  1  b,  92,  1  be. 

Beetle,  order  of  insects,  II.  475.  Anatomy 
of,  1  be  (ills.).  Classification  and  divisions, 
2  be.  Pentamera,  2  c.  Bombardier  beetle, 
476,  1  b  (ill.).  Scarabseus,  477,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Stag  beetle,  1  c  (ill.).  Heteromera,  1  c.  Te- 
tramera,  2  b.  Trimera,  478,  1  a. — Burying 
beetles,  muscular  activity  of,  IX.  313,  2  ab. 
Larvaa  of  the  spring  beetles,  XVI.  678,  1  c. 
Beetle,  a  hammer,  VIII.  426,  1  c. 

Beetle  lice,  VI.  695,  2  a. 

Beet-root  sugar,  manufacture  of,  II.  471,  2  a ; 

XV.  447,  2  be ;  in  California,  III.  605,  1  a. 
Discovery  of  the  true  process,  I.  63,  2  a. 

Bee  wolf,  bird,  II.  464,  2  a  (ill.). 

Beeza,  a  distilled  spirit,  II.  229,  2  c. 

Befana  [ba-fa'-na],  puppet  or  doll,  II.  478. 
Befort  [ba-for] :  see  Belfort. 

Beg,  Bey,  and  Beglerbeg,  Turkish  titles,  II.  478. 
Bega  canal  [ba'-ga],  Hungary,  allusions  to,  II. 

264,  1  c ;  XV.  633,  1  b. 

Begas,  Karl  [ba'-gas],  Prussian  painter,  II.  478. 
Begasse  [be-gas'],  refuse  sorghum,  XV.  171, 1  b. 
Beggars,  Dutch  political  party,  VIII.  818,  2  c. 
Beggars  of  the  sea,  Dutch  privateers,  XVI. 
636,  1  b. 

Begging  friars  :  see  Religious  Orders. 
Begging  the  question,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  a. 
Beghards  [ba-gards'J,  religious  order,  II.  478; 

XI.  730,  2  b.  Spiritualists,  II.  478,  2  b. 
Begharmi  :  see  Baghirmi. 

Beglerbeg :  see  Beg  ;  also  XVI.  396,  2  a. 
Begonia,  plant,  II.  478  (ill.). 


88 


BEGSHEHER 


BELGOROD 


Begsheher  [beg-sha'-her],  lake,  river,  and 
town  of  Turkey,  II.  479. 

Begshehr :  see  Begsheher. 

Beguards  :  see  Beguines. 

Beguinage*  [ba-ghe-nazh],  origin  of,  XV.  140, 
1  a. 

Beguines  [ba-gheens'],  religious  sisterhood,  II. 

479  ;  478,  2  b;  XI.  730,  2  b. 

Begums  of  Oude,  plunder  of  by  the  English, 
XII.  740,  1  be. 

Behaim,  Martin  [ba'-hime],  German  navigator 
and  geographer,  II.  479. 

Behaim,  Hans  Sebald  [ba'-ham],  German  painter 
and  engraver,  II.  479. 

Behar',  division  of  Bengal,  India,  II.  479. 
Behem ,  Martin  [ba'-hem] :  see  Behaim. 
Behe'moth ,  of  the  Hebrews,  VIII.  743,  1  ab. 
Behistun  [ba-his-toon'],  ruined  town  of  Per¬ 
sia,  II.  479.  Cuneiform  inscriptions  at,  2  c  ; 
Y.  573,  2  a,  If. 

Behme  [ba'-meh],  murderer  of  Coligni,  Y.  55, 
1  c. 

Belimen,  Jacob  [ba'-men]  :  see  Boehm. 

Behn,  Aphara  or  Aplira  [ben],  English  drama¬ 
tist  and  novelist,  II.  480. 

Behring,  Yitus  [ba'-ring],  navigator,  II.  480 ; 

I.  242,  2  b ;  X.  40,  1  a. 

Behring  Island,  II.  480. 

Behring  Sea,  II.  480. 

Behring  Strait,  II.  481. 

Beira  [ba'-e-ra],  province  of  Portugal,  II.  481. 
Beirut  [ba-root'] :  see  Beyrout. 

Beisan  [ba-san'] :  see  Scythopolis. 

Beissel,  Johann  Conrad  [bl'-sel],  German  re¬ 
ligionist,  II.  481. 

Beit  Allah  [bait  al'-la],  a  name  of  the  Caaba, 
XI.  314,  2  a. 

Beit-el-Fakiii  [-el-fa'-ke],  town  of  Arabia,  II. 

481.  Beit-el-Fakih  el-Ivebir,  2  b. 

Beitin  [ba-teen'],  site  of  Bethel,  II.  594,  1  ab. 
Beit  Lahm  [bait  lam],  Arabic  name  of  Bethle¬ 
hem,  II.  594,  2  c. 

Beit  Ur  el-Foka ,  site  of  Upper  Beth-horon,  II. 
594,  2  be. 

Beit  Ur  el-Tahta ,  site  of  Lower  Beth-horon, 

II.  594,  2  be. 

Beja  [ba'-zha],  city  of  Portugal,  II.  481. 
Bejapoor',  ruined  city  of  Iiindostan,  II.  481 
(ill.). 

Bejour :  see  Bijawur. 

Beka ,  half  shekel,  XI Y.  841,  2  a. 

Beka,  bat,  YII.  110,  2  b. 

Beke,  Charles  Tilstone,  English  geographer 
and  explorer,  II.  482.  (Died  1874.) 


BEKfes  [ba'-kaish],  county  of  Hungary,  II.  482. 
Town,  2  a. 

Bekker,  Immanuel,  German  philologist,  II.  482. 

Bel,  Babylonian  divinity  :  see  Baal,  II.  178,  1 
ab ;  Belus,  512  ;  Merodacii,  XI.  410,  2  a  ; 
Mythology,  XII.  117,  1  b. 

Bela  [ba'-la],  name  of  several  Hungarian  kings, 
II.  482. 

Belair,  county  seat,  YIII.  461,  2  c. 

Belair ,  town  of  Ilayti,  IX.  497,  2  b. 

Belbes:  see  Belbeis. 

Belbeis  [bel-bace'],  town  of  Egypt,  II.  483. 

Belbeys :  see  Belbeis. 

Belcher,  Sir  Edward,  English  naval  officer  and 
explorer,  II.  483  ;  I.  675,  1  c,  ff.  (Died  1877.) 

Belcher,  Jonathan,  American  colonial  gover¬ 
nor,  II.  483.  Jonathan,  chief  justice  of  Ho- 
va  Scotia,  2  b. 

Belcher,  Tom,  English  pugilist,  II.  483. 

Bele  (botany),  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Beled  el-Anib  [bel'-ed  el-a-neeb'],  town :  see 
Bona. 

Beled  ul-Jerid  [ool-ja-reed'],  region  of  Africa, 
II.  483. 

Beled- Zanzibar ,  city,  XYI.  806,  1  c. 

Belem  [ba-leng/],  suburb  of  Lisbon,  Portugal, 
II.  483.  Tower  of,  484,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Belem,  city  of  Brazil,  II.  484. 

Belem'nites  [generic,  sing,  and  pi.,  be-lem-ni'- 
teez],  fossil  mollusks,  II.  484  (ills.). 

Belemnose' pia ,  fossil  mollusks,  II.  485,  2  a. 

Belemnoteu' this ,  fossil  mollusks,  Y.  202,  2  c. 

Belesta  [buh-les-ta],  town  of  France,  II.  485. 

Bel'fast,  city  of  Maine,  II.  485. 

Belfast',  town  of  Ireland,  II.  485.  Albert 
memorial  tower,  486,  1  ab  (ill.).  Queen’s 
college,  1  c  (ill.). 

Belfort  [bel-for],  town  of  France,  II.  486  ; 
view,  487. 

Bel'g^e,  ancient  people  of  Gaul,  II.  487. 

Belgard  [bel'-gart],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  487. 

Belgaum',  town  of  Iiindostan,  II.  487. 

Belgic  Confession ,  XIY.  254,  2  c ;  257,  1  a. 

Belgiojoso,  Cristina,  princess  of  [bel-jo-yo'- 
zo],  Italian  patriot  and  writer,  II.  487. 

Bel'gium,  kingdom,  II.  487.  Divisions  and 
inhabitants,  488,  1  a.  Physical  features,  1  bo 
Minerals,  2  b.  Intercommunication,  2  c. 
Occupations,  489, 1  ab.  Finances,  2  a.  Mili¬ 
tary  force,  2  b.  Government,  2  c.  Pauper¬ 
ism,  490,  1  b.  Religion,  1  be.  Education, 
1  c.  History,  2  a.  Its  permanent  neutral¬ 
ity  assured,  XII.  259,  2  c. 

Belgorod',  town  of  Russia,  II.  493. 


BELGRADE 


BELLINGHAM 


89 


Belgrade',  capital  of  Servia,  IT.  493  (ill.). 
Belgra'via ,  in  London,  X.  596,  1  b. 

Belial  [be'-lyul],  a  Hebrew  word,  II.  493. 
Beliar  in  tbe  best  New  Testament  manu¬ 
scripts,  2  c. 

Belidor,  Bernard  Forest  de,  French  military 
engineer  and  author,  II.  493. 

Belisa'rius,  Byzantine  general,  II.  494.  Le¬ 
gend  of  his  blindness  and  mendicancy,  2  c. 
See  Justinian. 

Belize  :  see  Balize. 

Belknap  [bel'-nap],  county,  II.  495. 

Belknap,  Jeremy,  D.  D.,  American  historian, 
II.  495. 

Bell,  II.  495.  In  antiquity,  1  c.  Earliest 
church  use,  2  ab.  Consecration  and  bap¬ 
tism  of  bells,  2  b.  The  passing  and  the  cur¬ 
few  bell,  2  c.  Evening  bell,  origin  of,  V. 
582,  2  a.  Bells  of  Russia,  II.  496,  1  a  (ill.)  ; 
of  China,  2  b ;  in  England,  France,  &c., 
2  c  ;  in  the  United  States,  ib.  Liberty  bell, 
497,  2  a  (ill.).  Material,  1  c.  Tone,  2  c. 
Manufacture,  IV.  80,  2  c  (Casting). 

Bell,  county,  II.  498. 

Bell ,  county  of  Kentucky  :  see  Josh  Bell. 

Bell ,  an  Englishman,  I.  46,  2  c. 

Bell ,  Alexander  Graham ,  XV.  622,*  2  b. 

Bell,  Andrew,  English  clergyman,  II.  498. 
Bell,  Sir  Charles,  British  surgeon  and  anato¬ 
mist,  II.  498. 

Bell,  George  Joseph,  Scottish  lawyer,  II.  499. 
Bell,  Henry,  Scottish  inventor,  II.  499. 

Bell,  John,  Scottish  physician  and  traveller, 
II.  499. 

Bell,  John,  Scottish  surgeon,  II.  499. 

Bell,  John,  American  lawyer  and  statesman, 

II.  499. 

Bell,  John,  English  sculptor,  II.  500. 

Bell,  Luther  V.,  American  physician,  II.  500. 
Bell,  Thomas,  English  zoologist,  II.  500.  His 
classification  of  amphibia,  I.  435,  2  b. 

Bella  Chiava  [bel'-la  kya'-va],  mediceval  name 
of  Balaklava  bay,  II.  231,  2  b. 

Belladon'na,  plant,  II.  500 ;  ill.,  501.  Symp¬ 
toms  of  poisoning  by,  1  c  ;  remedies,  2  b. 
Bellamare  [bel-la-ma'-ra],  his  attempt  on  the 
life  of  Napoleon  III.,  III.  51,  1  ab. 
Bel'lamont,  Richard  Coote,  earl  of,  English 
colonial  governor,  II.  501.  See  Kidd,  Wil¬ 
liam. 

Bellamy,  Mrs.  George  Ann,  English  actress, 

II.  502. 

Bellamy,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  American  theologian, 
II.  502. 


Bel'larmin,  Robert,  Italian  theologian  and 
cardinal,  II.  502. 

Bellarmino ,  Roberto  [bel-lar-me'-no] :  see  Bel- 

LARMIN. 

Bellary  [bel-la'-re],  district  of  India,  II.  502. 
Town,  2  b. 

Bellay,  Guillaume  du  [ba-la],  French  soldier 
and  diplomatist,  II.  502.  Jean  du,  cardinal 
and  diplomatist,  503,  1  a.  Joachim  du, 
poet,  1  be. 

Bell  bird ,  XVI.  109,  2  c. 

Belle,  Jean  Francois  Joseph  de,  French  gen¬ 
eral,  II.  503. 

Bellechasse  [bel-slias],  county  of  Canada,  II. 
503. 

Bellefonte  [bel-font'],  county  seats,  IV.  206, 
1  c ;  IX.  483,  1  a. 

Belle-Isle,  Charles  Louis  Auguste  Fouquet, 
duke  de  [bel-eel],  French  soldier  and  states¬ 
man,  II.  503.  Louis  Charles  Arm  and  Fou¬ 
quet,  chevalier  de,  504,  1  a. 

Belle  Isle  [bel  lie'],  North  and  South,  islands 
of  North  America,  II.  504. 

Belle  Isle,  Strait  of,  II.  504. 
Belle-Isle-en-Mer  [bel-eel-ang-mair],  island  of 
France,  II.  504. 

Bel'lenden,  William,  Scottish  writer,  II.  504. 
Bellenz  [bel'-lents] :  see  Bellinzona. 
Bellerophon  [bel-lSr'-o-fon],  mythical  hero, 
II.  504. 

Bellerophon ,  the :  see  Iron-clad  Snips,  IX. 
381,  2  c ;  382,  1  b,  c,  2  be ;  383,  1  ab,  2  ab  ; 
386,  1  be. 

Belleval,  Pierre  Richer  de  [duh  bel-val], 
French  botanist,  II.  504. 

Belleville  [bel'-vil],  city  of  Illinois,  II.  504. 
Belleville,  town  of  Canada,  II.  505. 

Belleville  sorrel ,  XV.  171,  2  a  (ill.). 

Bellevue  [bel-vu'J,  county  seats,  III.  114,  2  b; 

IX.  484,  1  c ;  XIV.  635,  1  c. 

Bellevue  hospital ,  New  York,  XII.  396,  1  b. 

Medical  college  of,  403,  2  a  and  1  b  (table). 
Belley  [ba-la],  town  of  France,  II.  505. 
Belliard,  Augustin  Daniel,  count  [ba-lyar], 
French  soldier,  II.  505. 

Belligerent  [bel-lij'-er-ent],  general  rights  of, 
XIV.  19,  2  a. 

Belligerent  states ,  conventions  between,  X. 
227,  2  c. 

Belling ,  cry  of  the  hart,  VII.  75,  2  a. 

Belling,  Wilhelm  Sebastian  von,  Prussian  sol¬ 
dier,  II.  505. 

Bellingham,  Richard  [bel'-ling-um],  English 
colonial  governor,  II.  505.  Marries  himself, 


r 


t 


90 


BELLINI 


BEN 


and  is  prosecuted  for  violation  of  law,  2  be  ; 
tries  his  own  case,  and  acquits  himself,  ib. 
Bellini,  Jacopo  [bel-le'-ne],  Venetian  painter, 
II.  505.  Gentile,  506,  1  a.  Giovanni,  ib. 
Bellini,  Laurentio,  Italian  anatomist,  II.  506. 
Bellini,  Vincenzo,  Italian  composer,  II.  506. 
Bellinzo'na,  town  of  Switzerland,  II.  506. 
Bel'lis  peren'nis  (botany),  V.  638,  1  a  (ill.)* 
A.  prolifera,  1  b. 

Bellman,  Karl  Mickel,  Swedish  poet,  II. 
506. 

Bell  metal ,  composition  of,  II.  497,  2  be ;  III. 
314,  2  b. 

Bellomont :  see  Bellamont. 

Bello'na,  Roman  goddess,  II.  507. 

Bellona'rii ,  priests  of  Bellona,  II.  507,  1  a. 
Bellot,  Joseph  Ben6  [ba-lo],  French  naval 
officer,  II.  507. 

Bellows  [beF-lus],  instrument,  II.  507.  See 
Blowing  Machines. 

Bellows ,  or  blowing  murmur,  in  chlorosis,  IV. 

504,  2  a;  VIII.  561,  2  c. 

Bellows,  Henry  Whitney,  D.  D.  [bel'-loze], 
American  clergyman,  II.  508. 

Bellows  Falls,  village  of  Vermont,  II.  508. 
Bellows  Fish,  II.  508  (ill.). 

Belloy,  Pierre  Laurent  Buirette  de  [duh  ba- 
lwa],  French  dramatist,  II.  508. 

Bell  rock  lighthouse ,  X.  460,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Belluno  [bel-loo'-no],  province  of  Italy,  II. 

509.  Capital  city,  1  b. 

Belluno ,  duke  of:  see  Victor,  Claude. 
Bellumim,  ancient  city,  II.  509,  1  b  (Belluno). 
Bellville ,  county  seat,  II.  127,  1  b. 
Bel-Merodach  :  see  Merodacii.  Temple  of, 
II.  180,  2  a. 

Belmondo  of  Padua ,  mathematician,  I.  301, 
2  c. 

Belmont',  county,  II.  509. 

Belmont ,  county  seat,  I.  324,  2  b. 

Belmont,  village  of  Missouri,  II.  509.  Battle 
of,  ib. 

Belmontet,  Louis  [bel-mong-ta],  French  poet, 
II.  509. 

Be'loe,  William,  English  clergyman  and  author, 
II.  509. 

Beloit',  city  of  Wisconsin,  II.  510.  Beloit 
college,  1  b. 

Bel'omaney ,  VI.  153,  2  c  (Divination). 

Belon,  Pierre  [buh-long],  French  naturalist,  II. 

510.  His  classification  of  birds,  XII.  704, 
2  a. 

Belo'ne  (ichthyology),  XIII.  510,  2  c.  B.  trun- 
cata,  ib.  (ill.,  511). 


Beloo'ches ,  tribe  of  Beloochistan,  II.  510,  2  c: 
605,  1  be. 

Beloochistan  [bel-oo-tchis-tan'J,  country  of 
Asia,  II.  510. 

Beloojistan :  see  Beloochistan. 

Belotto ,  Bernardo ,  III.  690,  2  c  (Canaletto). 
Belper,  town  of  England,  II.  511. 

Belsamen  [bel-sa'-men],  Carthaginian  deity,  IV. 
37,  2  c. 

BeVs  cairns ,  in  Ireland,  referred  to,  II.  178,  2  a. 
Bel'sham,  Thomas,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  511.  William,  historical  writer,  1  c. 
Belshazzar  :  see  Babylon. 

Belsunce,  Henri  Francois  Xavier  de  [bel- 
siingss],  French  bishop,  II.  511. 

Belt,  Great  and  Little,  channels  between  the 
Baltic  sea  and  the  Cattegat,  II.  511. 
Bel'tane,  ancient  festival  of  Ireland  and  Scot¬ 
land,  II.  511. 

Beltein  [bel'-tain] :  see  Beltane. 

Beltis,  Babylonian  goddess :  see  Mylitta. 
Belton ,  county  seat,  II.  498,  1  b. 

Bel'trami,  county,  II.  511. 
j Bein' ga  (zoology),  VI.  192,  2  c.  B.  borealis, 
193,  1  a  (ill.,  192). 

Belunum ,  ancient  city,  II.  509,  1  b  (Belluno). 
Belur  Tagh  [ba-loor'  tag] :  see  Bolor  Tahh. 
Belus,  Babylonian  divinity,  II.  512. 

Belus ,  legendary  leader  of  an  Egyptian  colony 
to  Babylonia,  IV.  229,  1  c. 

Belus,  Temple  of :  see  Babel,  and  Babylon. 
Belul  Tagh  [ba-loot'  tag] :  see  Bolor  Tagh. 
Belvedere  villa  [bel-va-da'-ra],  of  the  Vatican, 
XVI.  272,  1  ab. 

Belvidere  [bel-ve-deer'],  county  seats,  III.  82, 
2  c ;  XVI.  459,  2  c. 

Belzo'ni,  Giovanni  Battista,  Italian  traveller 
and  explorer,  II.  512.  His  explorations  at 
Ipsambul,  IX.  344, 1  a,  390,  1  b  ;  in  the  pyr¬ 
amids,  XIV.  106,  1  be. 

Belzunce  [bel-zungss] :  see  Belsunce. 

Bem,  Jozef,  Polish  general,  II.  512;  146,  2  b  ; 

IX.  60,  1  c,  2  b ;  61,  1  ab. 

Bema ,  the ,  of  Athens,  II.  59,  2b;  VI.  385,  2  b. 
Be'man,  Nathaniel  S.  S.,  American  clergyman, 
II.  513. 

Bembo,  Bonifazio,  Italian  painter,  II.  513. 

Giovanni  Francesco,  painter,  2  be. 

Bembo,  Pietro,  Italian  cardinal  and  author,  II. 
513 ;  V.  360,  1  a. 

Bemborough ,  English  officer,  II.  427,  2  c. 
Bemuds  Heights ,  battle  of,  XIV.  628,  2  a. 

Ben,  use  of  in  Hebrew  and  Arabic,  II.  514. 
Jewish  prefix  in  surnames,  XII.  127,  2  c. 


BEX-A-BOURD 


BENICARLO 


91 


Ben-a-bourd ,  mountain  of  Scotland,  II.  247,  2  b ; 
monument  to  Prince  Albert,  ib. 

Bena'cus  La'cus ,  ancient  name  of  Lake  Garda, 
VII.  619,  1  c. 

Benalcazar,  Sebastian  de  [ba-nal-ka'-thar], 
Spanish  adventurer,  II.  514. 

Benares  [ben-a'-rez],  city  of  British  India,  II. 
514;  view,  515. 

Ben'bow,  John,  English  admiral,  II.  515. 

Benchers  of  the  inns  of  court ,  in  London,  IX. 
291,  2  a. 

Bexcoo'lex,  Dutch  residency  in  Sumatra,  II. 
516.  Town,  1  be. 

Bend,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  b ;  bend  sinis¬ 
ter,  1  be.  Per  bend,  671,  2  c ;  per  bend  sinis¬ 
ter,  ib.  See  plate  (after  p.  670),  on  the  left. 

Bex'da,  Franz,  German  violinist,  II.  516. 
Georg,  composer,  2  ab. 

Bendavid,  Lazarus  [ben-da'-vit],  German  phi¬ 
losopher  and  mathematician,  II.  516. 

Bendemanx,  Eduard  [ben'-deh-man],  German 
painter,  II.  516. 

Bender,  town  of  Bessarabia,  Russia,  II.  517. 

Bendigo:  see  Sandhurst. 

Bendish,  Bridget,  granddaughter  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  II.  517. 

Benedek,  Ludwig  von  [fon  ba'-neh-dek],  Aus¬ 
trian  soldier,  II.  517. 

Benedet'ti,  Vincent,  count,  French  diploma¬ 
tist,  II.  517.  His  rudeness  to  King  William 
of  Prussia,  2  c ;  VII.  394,  2  a. 

Bendlet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  be. 

'Bendy,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  a.  See  plate 
(after  p.  670). 

Ben'edict,  popes,  II.  518.  Benedict  II.,  1  a; 
III.,  1  b;  VIII.,  ib.;  XL,  1  c;  XII.,  2  a; 
XIII.,  ib. ;  XIII.,  antipope:  see  Luna,  Pe¬ 
dro  de;  XIV.,  2  b. 

Benedict,  surnamed  Biscop,  a  saint,  II.  518. 

Benedict,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  English  his¬ 
torian,  II.  519. 

Benedict,  Sir  Julius,  English  composer,  II.  519. 

Benedict,  Saint,  founder  of  the  Benedictine 
order,  II.  519.  His  monastic  rule  established 
in  all  western  Europe,  XI.  729,  2  c. 

Benedict  of  Aniane  [a-nyan],  a  saint,  II.  519; 
XI.  730,  1  a. 

Benedict  XIII.,  anti-pope :  see  Luna,  Pedro  de. 

Benedictine  congregation  of  St.  Maur ,  II.  520, 
la;  XI.  731,  1  b. 

Benedictines  [ben-e-dik'-tins],  order  of  monks, 
II.  519.  Congregations  of,  520,  1  a.  Bene¬ 
dictine  monk  (ilk),  1  b.  Benedictine  nuns, 
2  a ;  in  the  United  States,  ib. 


Benedictional,  the,  in  the  Roman  Catliolip  mis¬ 
sal,  XI.  635,  2  c. 

Benedix,  Julius  Roderich,  German  dramatist, 
II.  520. 

Benefice  [ben'-e-fis],  in  the  feudal  system,  VII. 
160,  1  b. 

Benefices  of  the  English  church,  I.  140,  1  b; 
VI.  629,  1  b. 

Beneficium,  in  the  feudal  system,  VII.  160, 1  b. 
Benefit  of  Clergy,  II.  520.  In  the  United 
States,  521,  2  a. 

Benefit  of  peerage,  II.  521,  1  c.  Advantage 
taken  of  it  by  the  duchess  of  Kingston,  X. 
11,  2  b. 

Beneharni,  primitive  inhabitants  of  Bearn,  II. 
422,  1  c. 

Beneke,  Friedrich  Eduard  [ba'-nSh-keh],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  II.  521;  XI.  813,  2  be; 
XIII.  442,  2  c. 

Benevente  [ba-na-veng/-ta],  town  of  Brazil,  II. 
521. 

Benevento  [ba-na-ven'-to],  province  of  Italy, 
II.  521.  Capital  city,  522,  1  a  (ill.). 
Beneventum ,  ancient  city,  II.  522,  1  a,  2  a 
(Benevento). 

Benev'olence,  gratuity  or  forced  loan,  in  Eng¬ 
lish  history,  II.  522. 

Benezet',  Anthony,  American  philanthropist, 
II.  522. 

Benfey,  Theodor  [ben-ff],  German  philologist 
and  orientalist,  II.  523. 

Bengal  [ben-gawk],  province  of  British  India, 
II.  523.  Political  designation,  1  c.  Extent 
and  population,  2  a.  Physical  features,  2  be. 
Climate,  524,  1  b.  Soil  and  productions,  1  c. 
Fauna,  2  c.  Government,  525,  1  b.  Cities, 
2  b.  People,  ib.  History,  2  c. 

Bengal,  Bay  of,  II.  526.  Sea  of,  1  b. 
Bengalee'  language,  IX.  216,  2  c ;  217,  2  c. 
Bengal  hemp,  VIII.  633,  2  be. 

Bengal  lights,  in  pyrotechny,  XIV.  117,  2  c. 
Bengaly,  bird,  VII.  190,  1  c. 

Beng'el,  Johann  Albrecht,  German  theologian, 
II.  526. 

Benger,  Elizabeth  Ogilvy  [beng'-gher],  English 
authoress,  II.  526. 

Benghazi  [ben-ga'-ze],  town  of  Barca,  II.  526. 
Benguela  [ben-ga'-la],  country  in  Africa,  IT. 

526.  Sao  Felipe  de  Benguela,  capital,  527, 

1  b. 

Beni  [ba'-ne],  department  of  Bolivia,  II.  527. 
Beni,  river  of  Bolivia,  II.  527. 

Benicarlo  [ba-ne-kar-lo'],  town  of  Spain,  II. 

527. 


92 


BENICIA 


BENZIN 


Benicia  [be-nish'-a],  town  of  California,  II.  527. 

Beni-Hassan  [ba'-ne-has'-san],  grottoes  of,  XII. 
451,  2  b. 

Benin  [ben-een'J,  kingdom  of  Africa,  II.  527. 
Town,  528,  1  a.  Bight  of,  1  b. 

Beniowsky,  Moritz  August,  count  [ben-yov'- 
ske],  Hungarian  soldier  and  adventurer,  II. 
528. 

Benitier  [bS-ne-se-a],  shell  used  for  holy  water, 
XI.  721,  2  c. 

Ben'jamin,  Hebrew  patriarch,  II.  528. 

Benjamin ,  gum,  II.  545,  1  c. 

Benjamin,  Judah  Phillips,  American  lawyer 
and  senator,  II.  528. 

Benjamin,  Park,  American  poet  and  journalist, 
II.  529. 

Benjamin  of  Tudela,  Jewish  rabbi  and  travel¬ 
ler,  II.  529. 

Ben'kendorff. \  Christoph  von ,  Russian  courtier, 
X.  420,  1  a. 

Benkler ,  lamps  of,  X.  129,  2  be. 

Ben  Lo'mond,  mountain  of  Scotland,  II.  529. 

Bennet,  Henry,  earl  of  Arlington,  English 
statesman,  II.  529. 

Bennet,  Thomas,  English  theologian  and  con¬ 
troversialist,  II.  529. 

Bennett,  James  Gordon,  American  journalist, 
II.  580.  James  Gordon,  jr.,  531,  1  a. 

Bennett,  John  Hughes,  English  physician,  II. 
531.  On  latent  pneumonia  in  old  people, 
IX.  275,  2  c ;  his  theory  of  inflammation, 
276, 1  a ;  on  plastic  corpuscles,  2  a.  His  ex¬ 
posure  of  an  imposition :  see  Blood  Stains, 
II.  740,  2  be. 

Bennett,  Sir  William  Sterndale,  English  com¬ 
poser,  II.  531. 

Bennett ,  Mr.,  emission  theory  of  light  tested 
by  him,  X.  436,  2  c ;  437,  1  ab. 

Bennettsville ,  county  seat,  XI.  176,  2  b. 

Ben  Ne'vis,  mountain  of  Scotland,  II.  531. 

Ben'ningsen,  Levin  August  Theophil,  count, 
Russian  general,  II.  531.  Alexander  Levin, 
Hanoverian  statesman,  532,  1  a.  Rudolf 
von,  statesman,  1  ab. 

Bennington,  county  of  Vermont,  II.  532. 

Bennington,  township,  II.  532.  Battle  of,  2  a. 

Benno ,  abbot  of  Cluny,  XI.  730,  1  ab. 

Benno,  Saint,  bishop  of  Meissen,  II.  532. 

Beno'ni ,  Hebrew  name,  II.  528,  2  a. 

Benoo'we,  river  of  Africa,  II.  532. 

Benshee :  see  Banshee. 

Benson ,  Carl,  nom  de  plume,  III.  291,  2  ab. 

Ben'son,  George,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  532. 


Benson,  Joseph,  English  clergyman,  II.  533. 
Bent,  county,  II.  533. 

Bentham,  Jeremy  [ben'-tam  or  ben'-tham], 
English  philosopher,  II.  533.  Utilitarian 
principle  of  government  and  morals,  534, 
2  be,  535,  2  b.  Offers  to  prepare  “  a  com¬ 
plete  body  of  law  ”  for  the  United  States, 
536,  2  c.  Talleyrand’s  remark  on  his  wealth 
of  thought,  538,  2  be.  See  Moral  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XI.  807,  1  c,  814,  1  b. 

Bentham,  Thomas,  English  bishop,  II.  538. 
Bentinck:,  English  noble  family,  II.  539.  Wil¬ 
liam,  earl  of  Portland,  1  a.  Henry,  duke 
of  Portland,  ib.  William,  second  duke,  ib. 
William  Henry  Cavendish,  third  duke, 
1  ab.  Lord  William  Charles  Cavendish, 

1  b.  George  Frederick  Cavendish  (Lord 
George  Bentinck),  2  b.  Junior  branch,  2  c. 
William,  lord  of  Rhoon  and  Pendrecht,  ib. 
Count  William  Christian  Frederick,  ib. 
Charles  Anthony  Ferdinand,  ib.  Sir  Henry 
John  William,  ib. 

Bentivoglio  [ben-te-vo'-lyo],  Italian  family, 
II.  540.  Giovanni,  lord  of  Bologna,  1  a. 
Annibale,  ib.  Giovanni  (2d),  ib.  Ercole, 
poet,  1  ab.  Guido,  cardinal,  1  b.  Cornelio, 
cardinal,  1  be. 

Bent  lever ,  a  kind  of  balance,  II.  234,  2  b. 
Bentley,  Richard,  English  scholar  and  critic, 
II.  540.  His  services  to  Latin  scholarship, 
X.  191,  2  ab. 

Bentley,  Robert,  English  botanist,  II.  541. 
Benton,  eight  counties,  II.  541. 

Benton,  village  of  Wisconsin,  II.  542. 

Benton ,  county  seats,  VII.  434,  2  b  ;  XI.  1 98, 

2  be ;  XIII.  679,  2  b ;  XIV.  565,  1  b ;  707, 
1  c. 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart,  American  statesman, 
II.  542.  His  personal  conflict  with  Andrew 
Jackson,  IX.  488,  2  b. 

Bcntonville ,  county  seat,  II.  541,  2  c. 
Bentzel-Sternau,  Christian  Ernst,  count 
[bent'-sel-stair'-now],  German  author  and 
statesman,  II.  543. 

Benue  [ben-oo'-a],  river  :  see  Benoowe. 
Ben-yamin,  or  Ben-yamim :  see  Benjamin,  II. 
528,  2  ab. 

Benzenberg  [ben'-tsen-bairg],  his  experiments  to 
prove  the  earth’s  rotation,  VI.  359,  1  b. 
Benzene' :  see  Benzine.  Use  of  the  term  m 
England,  II.  544,  1  c. 

Benzerta :  see  Bizerta. 

Benzie,  county,  II.  543. 

Ben'zin :  see  Benzine,  and  Benzole. 


BENZINE 


BERGMAN 


93 


Benzine  [ben-zeen'  or  ben'-zin],  in  chemistry,  a 
light  oil  of  petroleum,  II.  544.  Distinguished 
from  benzole,  1  b. 

Benzoates  [ben'-zo-ates],  salts,  II.  545,  1  c. 
Benzo'ic  Acid,  II.  544. 

Benzoin',  gum  benjamin,  II.  545.  Styrax  ben¬ 
zoin,  tree  yielding  it,  1  c  (ill.).  Its  uses, 
2  be.  Erroneously  called  a  gum,  ib.  Source 
of  benzoic  acid,  544,  2  be. 

Benzoin  (botany),  VII.  164, 1  be  (ill.). 

Benzol ,  Liebig’s  name  for  benzine,  II.  544,  1  a ; 

synonyme  of  benzole,  546,  1  a. 

Benzole',  a  product  of  coal  tar,  II.  546.  Dis¬ 
tinguished  from  benzine,  544,  1  b,  c. 
Benzonia ,  county  seat,  II.  544,  1  a. 

Beowulf  [be-o'-woolf ],  Tale  of:  see  Anglo- 
Saxons,  Language  and  Literature  of  the,  I. 
504,  2  a. 

Beranger,  Pierre  Jean  de  [ba-rang-zha],  French 
poet,  II.  546.  Relations  with  Lucien  Bona¬ 
parte,  547,  2  a ;  III.  34,  2  ab. 

Berar',  province  of  British  India,  II.  548. 
Berard,  Joseph  Frederic  [ba-rar],  French 
physician,  II.  548.  Pierre  Honore,  surgeon, 

549,  1  a.  Auguste,  surgeon,  1  b. 

Berard' s  method  of  determining  specific  heat  of 
gases ,  VIII.  576,  1  a. 

Beeat  [ba-rat'J,  town  of  Albania,  II.  549. 
Ber'ber,  town  of  Nubia,  II.  549. 

Ber'bera,  trading  place  of  Africa,  II.  549. 
Beeberi'na,  an  alkaloid,  II.  549. 

Berberine  [ber'-ber-in],  (same  as  berberina), 
XVI.  780,  2  be. 

Ber'beris  (botany),  II.  300,  1  c.  B.  vulgaris, 
2  a  (ill.)  ;  berberina  extracted  from,  549,  2  a; 
use  for  hedges,  VIII.  604,  2  c.  B.  Canaden¬ 
sis,  II.  300,  2  ab.  B.  aquifolium,  ib. 

Berber  language ,  I.  171,  1  b. 

Berberry :  see  Barberry. 

Berbers,  African  race,  II.  549 ;  298,  1  c ;  I. 
304,  1  ab ;  IV.  142,  1  c ;  X.  406,  1  be,  2  a ; 
XI.  840,  1  be. 

Beebice  [ber-beece'J,  river  of  Guiana,  II.  550. 
County,  1  ab. 

Berciitesgaden  [bairch'-tess-ga-den],  Bavarian 
principality,  II.  550.  Berchtesgaden  ware, 
2  a.  Town,  ib. 

Berchtold  V.  [bairch'-tolt],  duke  of  Zahringen, 

.  570,  1  a.  Clock  towrer  built  by  him,  2  c. 
Bercy  [bair-se],  suburb  of  Paris,  II.  550. 
Beediansk  [berd-yansk'J,  town  of  Russia,  II. 

550. 

Beeditcii'ev,  city  of  Russia,  II.  550. 

Bere ,  Scotch  barley,  II.  316,  1  a. 


Ber'eg,  county  of  Hungary,  II.  551. 
Berenga'ria ,  wife  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion, 
XIV.  312,  2  a  (bis);  313,  1  b. 

Berengarius,  mediaeval  ecclesiastic,  II.  551. 

His  views  on  the  eucharist,  X.  638,  2  a. 
Berenger  [ber'-en-jer],  (Fr.  Berenger ,  ba-rang- 
zha) :  see  Berengarius. 

Berenger  I.,  king  of  Italy,  II.  551.  Berenger 
II.,  2  b. 

Berenice  [bSr-e-ni'-se],  name  of  several  Egyp¬ 
tian  and  Syrian  queens  and  princesses,  II.  552. 
Berenice,  ancient  city  of  Egypt,  II.  553.  An¬ 
cient  city  of  Cyrenaica,  1  ab. 

Beresford,  James  [ber'-ess-furd],  English  au¬ 
thor,  II.  553. 

Beresford,  William  Carr,  viscount,  English 
genera],  II.  £53. 

Beresina  [ber-ez'-e-na],  river  of  Russia,  II.  553. 
Berezina :  see  Beresina. 

Berezov',  village  of  Russia,  II.  554.  Town  of 
Siberia,  1  a. 

Berezovsh :  see  Berezov. 

BerezowsTci  [ber-eh-zov'-ske],  his  attempt  on 
the  life  of  Alexander  II.,  I.  284,  2  c ;  629, 
2  a. 

Berg  [bairg],  duchy  of  Germany,  II.  554. 
Berg,  Friedrich  von,  count,  Russian  general, 
II.  554. 

Bergama  [bair-ga'-ma],  town  of  Asiatic  Tur¬ 
key,  II.  554;  XIII.  291,  2  a. 

Bergami,  Bartolommeo  [bair'-ga-me],  courier 
of  Queen  Caroline,  II.  554. 

Berga'mia  (botany),  II.  555,  2  a. 

Bergamo  [bair'-ga-mo],  province  of  Italy,  II. 

554.  Capital  city,  2  c  ;  view,  555. 
Ber'gamot,  citron,  II.  555  (ill.).  Bergamot 
pear,  2  c. 

Bergen  [bur'-ghen],  county,  II.  555.  Palisades 
(of  the  Hudson),  556,  1  a. 

Bergen  [bair'-ghen],  province  of  Norway,  II. 

556.  Capital  city,  2  a  (ill.). 
Bergen-op-Zoom  [-op-zome],  town  of  the 

Netherlands,  II.  556. 

Bergenrotii,  Gustav  [bair'-ghen-rote],  Ger- 
man-English  historian,  II.  557. 

Bergerac  [bairzh-rak],  town  of  France,  II. 

557. 

Bergerac,  Savinien  Cyrano  de,  French  author 
and  duellist,  II.  557. 

Berghaus,  Heinrich  [bairg'-house],  German 
geographer,  II.  557. 

Bergiiem,  Nikolaas  [bair'-gliem],  Dutch  painter, 
II.  557. 

Bergman,  Torbern  01  of  [bttirg'-man],  Swedish 


94 


BERGONZI 


BERNAU 


chemist  and  naturalist,  II.  558.  See  Chem¬ 
istry,  IV.  862,  1  a. 

Bergonzi  [bair-gone'-dze],  family  of  Italian 
violin  makers,  II.  558.  •  Carlo,  2  c.  Michel 
Angelo,  559,  1  a.  Nicold,  ib. 

Berg-op-Zoom :  see  Bergen-op-Zoom. 

Bergseife  [bairg'-zl-feh],  (mountain  soap),  III. 
5,  2  c. 

Bergues,  or  Bergues-St.-Winoc  [bairg-sang-ve- 
nuk],  town  of  France,  II.  559. 

Bering ,  Vitus :  see  Behring. 

Ber'ington,  Joseph,  English  author,  II.  559. 

Beriot,  Charles  Auguste  de  [duh  bair-yo],  Bel¬ 
gian  violinist  and  composer,  II.  559. 

Berkeley  [burk'-le],  county,  II.  559. 

Berkeley,  town  of  England,  II.  559.  Berke¬ 
ley  castle,  2  c. 

Berkeley,  George,  Irish  prelate  and  philoso¬ 
pher,  II.  559  ;  XIII.  441,  2  h. 

Berkeley,  George  Charles  Grantley  Fitz- 
Hardinge,  English  sportsman  and  author,  II. 
560.  Maurice  Frederick  Fitz-Hardinge,  Bar¬ 
on  Fitz-Hardinge,  admiral,  561,  1  a. 

Berkeley,  Sir  William,  royal  governor  of 
Virginia,  II.  561  ;  X.  290,  1  c ;  XVI.  382, 
2  b,  if. 

Berkeley  Springs,  town  of  Virginia,  II.  561. 

Berks,  county  of  Pennsylvania,  II.  561. 

Berks,  county  of  England  :  see  Berkshire. 

Berkshire  [burk'-sher],  county  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  II.  561. 

Berkshire,  county  of  England,  II.  562. 

Berkshire  white  sand ,  in  glass  making,  VIII. 
13,  2  a. 

BerlandieVs  flax,  X.  514,  2  ab. 

Berlichingen,  Gotz  von  [gots  fon  bair'-lich- 
ing-en],  German  feudal  knight,  II.  562. 

Ber'lin  [Ger.  bair-leen'],  capital  of  Prussia  and 
of  the  German  empire,  II.  563.  Divisions, 
2  a.  Description,  1  c.  Churches,  564,  1  b. 
Palaces  and  public  buildings,  2  a.  Old  mu¬ 
seum,  2  b ;  new,  565,  1  a.  Theatres,  1  b. 
Art  galleries,  2  a.  Parks  and  resorts,  2  ab. 
Monuments,  2  c.  University,  ib.  Other 
schools,  566,  1  ab.  Social  condition,  2  a. 
Charity,  2  be.  Industry  and  commerce, 
567,  1  a.  Name  and  history,  2  a.  Illustra¬ 
tions  :  general  view,  563  ;  statue  of  Freder¬ 
ick  the  Great,  564 ;  Iledwigskirche,  ib. ; 
royal  theatre,  565  ;  royal  library,  566  ;  ex¬ 
change,  567. 

Berlin  and  Milan  decrees ,  Napoleon’s,  V.  288, 
1  b  and  c  ;  III.  42,  2  b.  Injury  to  American 
interests,  and  excitement  caused  by  them 


and  by  the  British  orders  in  council,  II.  725, 
1  b;  IX.  595,  1  ab ;  XVI.  162,  2  c.  Re¬ 
taliatory  measures  of  congress,  X.  825,  2  c. 
Revocation  of  the  decrees  officially  an¬ 
nounced,  ib.,  but  disavowed  by  Napoleon, 
826,  1  a ;  definitely  revoked,  1  c.  The  de¬ 
crees  and  orders  in  council  used  as  party 
watchwords,  I.  100,  1  a. 

Berlinghieri,  Andrea  Vacca  [bair-lin-gya'-re], 
Italian  surgeon,  II.  567. 

Berlioz,  Hector  [bair-lyo],  French  composer, 
II.  568. 

Berme  of  a  canal ,  III.  680, 1  c.  Berme  bank,  ib. 

Bermejo  [bair-ma/-klio],  river  of  South  Ameri¬ 
ca,  II.  568. 

Ber'mondsey,  parish  of  London,  II.  568. 

Bermoo'thes  (Bermudas),  II.  569,  1  be. 

Bermuda ,  or  Long  Island,  II.  568,  2  b. 

Bermuda  grass ,  VIII.  168,  2  c. 

Bermu'das,  islands,  II.  568 ;  view,  569. 

Bermudez,  Geronimo  [bair-moo'-£Aaith],  Span¬ 
ish  poet,  II.  569. 

Bermudez,  Juan,  wrecked  on  the  Bermudas, 
II.  569,  1  b. 

Bern  [bairn],  canton  of  Switzerland,  II.  569. 
Capital  city,  570,  1  c  (ill.). 

Bernadotte,  Jean  Baptiste  Jules  [bair-na-dut], 
marshal  of  France  and  king  of  Sweden,  II. 
571. 

Bernalil'lo  [Sp.  hair-na-le'-lyo],  county  of 
New  Mexico,  II.  572. 

Ber'nard  [Fr.  bair-nar],  saint  and  doctor  of 
the  Latin  church,  II.  572.  See  Templars, 
XV.  634,  1  c,  635,  1  a. 

Bernard,  Claude,  French  physiologist,  II.  574. 

Bernard,  Sir  Francis,  English  colonial  gover¬ 
nor,  II.  575. 

Bernard,  Jacques,  French  writer,  II.  575. 

Bernard,  John,  English  comedian,  II.  575. 
William  Bayle,  dramatist,  2  a. 

Bernard,  Saint,  Great  and  Little :  see  Saint 
Bernard. 

Bernard,  Simon,  French  general  and  engineer, 
II.  575. 

Bernardin  of  Siena,  Saint,  II.  575. 

Bernardin  de  Saint-Pierre  [bair-nar-dang  dull 
sang-pyair] :  see  Saint-Pierre. 

Bernardines  [ber'-nar-dins],  Cistercian  monks 
and  nuns,  II.  576  ;  IV.  614,  1  a. 

Bernardino  road  [bair-nar-de'-no],  Alpine  pass, 
I.  354,  2  ab. 

Bernar'do  del  Car'pio,  Spanish  hero,  II.  576. 

Bernard  of  Treviso,  Italian  alchemist,  II.  575. 

Bernau  [bair'-now],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  576. 


BERN AUER 


BERTRAND 


95 


Bernauer,  Agnes  [bair'-now-er],  her  tragical 
story,  II.  570. 

Bcrnaville  [bair-na-veel],  governor  of  the  Bas- 
tile,  allusion  to,  II.  376,  1  a. 

Bernay  [bair-na],  town  of  France,  II.  576. 
Berxburg-  [bairn'-boorg],  town  of  Germany, 
II.  576  (ill.). 

Berne :  see  Bern. 

Ber'ners,  Lady  Juliana,  English  author,  II.  577. 
Berners,  John  Bourchier,  baron,  English 
statesman,  II.  577. 

Berxetti  [bair-net'-te],  Tommaso,  Italian  car¬ 
dinal  and  statesman,  II.  577. 

Bernhard  [bairn'-hart],  duke  of  SaxeAVeimar, 
German  Protestant  general,  II.  577. 
Berxiiard,  Karl  (pseudonyme),  Danish  novel¬ 
ist,  II.  577. 

Berni,  Francesco  [bair'-ne],  Italian  poet,  II.  577. 
Ber'nicla  (ornithology),  species  of,  VIII.  106, 

1  b.  B.  Canadensis,  2  a  (ill.).  B.  brenta, 
107,  1  b  (ill.).  B.  leucopsis,  2  a  (ill.). 

Berxier,  Frangois  [bair-nya],  French  traveller 
and  philosopher,  II.  578. 

Berxina  [bair-ne'-na],  peak  and  range  of  the 
Alps,  II.  578.  Bernina  pass,  ib.;  road,  I. 
354,  2  b. 

Berxixi,  Giovanni  Lorenzo  [bair-ne'-ne],  Ital¬ 
ian  sculptor  and  architect,  II.  578. 

Berxis,  Frangois  Joachim  de  Pierres  de  [bair- 
ne],  French  cardinal  and  statesman,  II.  578. 
Bernouilli:  see  Bernoulli. 

Berxoulli,  or  Bernouilli  [bair-nool-ye],  family 
of  mathematicians  and  savants,  II.  578. 
James,  1  c.  John,  579,  1  ab.  Daniel,  1  c. 
Nicholas,  2  b.  John  (two),  ib.  James,  2  c. 
Nicholas,  ib.  Jerome,  580,  1  a.  Chris¬ 
topher,  ib.  See  Clepsydra,  IV.  670,  1  b. 
Bernoulli ,  elastic  curve  of,  VI.  489,  1  c. 
Berxstorff,  Johann  ITartwig  Ernst,  count 
[bairn'-storf],  Danish  statesman,  II.  580. 
Andreas  Peter,  count,  statesman,  1  c;  VII. 
449,  2  c. 

Bercea  [be-re'-a],  name  of  two  ancient  towns, 
II.  580.  See  Veria. 

Beroid  medusae ,  acaleplis,  V.  543,  1  a. 
Bero'sus,  Babylonian  (Chaldean)  historian,  II. 
580 ;  IV.  229,  1  b.  Dial  of,  VI.  68,  1  a ;  70, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Bero'thah ,  town,  Biblical,  II.  602,  1  c. 
Berothai  [be-ro'-tha-i] :  see  Berothah  (Index). 
Berquix,  Arnaud  [bair-kang],  French  author, 
II.  580. 

Berri:  see  Berry. 

Ber'rien,  two  counties,  II.  581. 


Berriex,  John  Macpherson,  American  states¬ 
man,  II.  581. 

Berrien  Springs ,  county  seat,  II.  581,  1  b. 

Berry ,  fruit:  see  Plant,  XIII.  591,  1  a. 

Berry,  former  province  of  France,  II.  581. 

Berry,  Marie  Louise  Elisabeth,  duchess  of,  II. 
581.  Charles  Ferdinand,  duke  of,  2  b.  Marie 
Caroline  Ferdinande  Louise,  duchess  of, 
2  be. 

Berry,  Mary,  English  writer,  II.  582.  Agnes,  ib. 

Berryer,  Antoine  Pierre  [bair-re-ya],  French 
advocate  and  statesman,  II.  582. 

Berryville,  county  seat,  IV.  637,  2  c. 

Ber'serkers,  Scandinavian  warriors,  II.  583. 

Bertha ,  queen  of  Kent,  aids  in  establishing 
Christianity  in  Great  Britain,  VI.  744,  2  be; 
445,  2  be. 

Bertiielot,  Pierre  Eugene  Marcellin  [bairt-lo], 
French  chemist,  II.  583.  His  preparation  of 
carbolic  acid  from  acetylene,  III.  769,  1  be ; 
of  organic  compounds  by  combining  simpler, 
IV.  369,  2  c. 

Berthelsdorf  [bair'-tels-dorf],  village  of  Sax¬ 
ony,  II.  583. 

Bertjeiier  [Fr.  bair-tya],  county  of  Canada,  II. 
583. 

Berthier,  Jean  Ferdinand,  French  deaf-mute 
teacher,  II.  583. 

Berthier,  Louis  Alexandre,  French  soldier, 
II.  583.  Napoleon  Louis  Joseph  Alexandre 
Charles,  584,  1  be. 

Berihold  [bair-told],  count  of  Limoges,  crusa¬ 
der,  founder  of  the  Carmelites,  III.  800, 1  a. 

Berthold ,  Ernst ,  pseudonyme,  XIV.  2  ab. 

Berthold  of  Ratisbon  [bair'-tolt],  German 
preacher,  II.  584. 

Berthollet,  Claude  Louis  [bair-tul-la],  French 
chemist,  II.  584.  See  Chemistry,  IV.  364, 
1  b,  ff.;  365,  1  a,  c,  2  ab.  Experiments  on 
explosives,  VII.  38, 1  b  ;  narrow  escape,  ib. — 
Amedee,  chemist,  II.  585,  1  b.  His  self-suf¬ 
focation,  1  be;  III.  774,  1  ab. 

Bertholletia  excelsa  (botany),  III.  223,  2  c. 

Ber'tie,  county,  II.  585. 

Bertin,  Louis  Frangois  [biiir-tang],  French  jour¬ 
nalist,  II.  585.  Louis  Marie  Armand,  2  be. 
Edouard  Frangois,  2  c.  Louise  Ang61ique, 
composer  and  poetess,  ib.  (died  1877). 

Bertixi,  Henri  [bair-te-ne],  pianist  and  com¬ 
poser,  II.  585. 

Bertrand,  Henri  Gratien,  count  [bair-trang], 
French  soldier,  II.  586.  Alexandre  Arthur 
Henri,  1  c. 

Bertrand  de  Born:  see  Born. 


96 


BERULLE 


b£ton 


Beeulle,  Pierre  de  [ba-riil],  Frencli  cardinal 
and  statesman,  II.  586. 

Beewick,  James  Fitz-James,  duke  of  [b&r'-ik], 
II.  586.  James  Francis,  duke  of  Liria  and 
Xerica,  2  c.  Duke  de  Fitz-James,  ib. 
Beewick-on-Tweed,  town  of  England,  II.  586; 

view,  587.  Duke  of :  see  Beewick. 
Beewickshiee  [ber'-ik-sher],  county  of  Scot¬ 
land,  II.  587. 

Bee'yl,  precious  stone,  II.  588.  The  largest 
known,  1  c. 

Beey'tus  :  see  Beyeoitt. 

Beeze'lius,  Johan  Jakob,  baron,  Swedish  chem¬ 
ist,  II.  588.  Ilis  chemical  notation,  87,  2  b ; 
organic  chemistry,  2  c.  His  chemical  dog¬ 
ma  overthrown,  583, 1  c.  His  balance  beam, 
234,  1  a.  His  improvement  of  the  blowpipe, 
748,  1  c.  See  Chemistey,  IV.  367, 1  be,  2  a, 
ff.;  Mineealogy,  XI.  590,  1  a. 

Berzelius  lamp ,  II.  589,  1  b. 

Beezsenyi,  Daniel  [ber'-zhen-ye],  Hungarian 
poet,  II.  589. 

BESANgoN  [buh-zang-song],  town  of  France,  II. 
590  (ill.). 

Besboeod'ko,  Alexander  Andreyevitch,  prince, 
Russian  statesman,  II.  590, 

Bescheeelle,  Louis  Nicolas,  ain6  [ba-shrel], 
French  lexicographer  and  grammarian,  II. 

590.  Bescherelle  jeune,  2  be. 

Besitun  [ba-se-toon'] :  see  Behistun. 
Bessaeaba  [bes-sa'-ra-ba],  family  of,  II.  590. 

Rudolph  the  Black,  2  c.  Mirce  or  Mirxa, 
ib.  Michael  II.,  the  Brave,  ib.  Matthew 
Brancovan,  591,  1  a.  Constantine  II.  Bran- 
covan,  ib. 

Bessaea'bia,  province  of  Russia,  II.  591. 
Bessa'eion,  John  or  Basil,  Greek  scholar,  II. 

591. 

Bes'sel,  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  German  astrono¬ 
mer,  II.  591. 

Bessemee,  Henry,  English  engineer,  II.  592. 
His  method  of  compressing  coal  dust,  VII. 
518,  1  ab.  His  process  for  the  manufacture 
of  steel,  XV.  358,  2  c;  description  of,  359, 

1  c,  ff.  (ills.,  359-’61) ;  compared  with  the 
Martin  process,  363,  1  c. 

Bessemer  steel ,  XV.  356,  1  b,  2  ab,  c;  357,  1  ab. 

Rails  of,  362,  1  a.  See  Bessemee.  x 
Bessieees,  Jean  Baptiste  [ba-se-air],  French 
soldier,  II.  592. 

Bestia ,  L.  Calpurniuo ,  referred  to,  IV.  120, 

2  b. 

Bestusewi  tinctura  tonica ,  inventor  of,  II.  593, 

1  a. 


Bestuzheff,  Alexander  [bes-too'-zhef],  Russian 
poet  and  patriot,  II.  592. 

Bestuzheff-Riumin  [-rew-min'],  Russian  fam¬ 
ily,  II.  592.  Peter  Mikhailovitch,  count,  2  b. 
Mikhail,  grand  marshal,  ib.  Alexei,  count,  2  c. 

Betanqos,  Domingo  de  [ba-tan'-soce],  Spanish 
missionary,  II.  593. 

Betancurt  [ba-tan-koort'J,  Spanish  family,  ori¬ 
gin  of,  II.  594,  2  b.  Fray  Pedro  de,  founder 
of  the  Bethlehemites,  596,  1  ab. 

Be'ta  vulga'ris  (botany),  II.  471,  1  a  (ill.).  B. 
altissima,  1  c.  B.  cycla,  2  be  (ill.).  B.  mari- 
tima,  472,  1  a. 

Be'tel  Nut,  II.  593.  Betel  pepper,  1  b  (ill.). 

Bete  rouge  [bait  roozh],  parasite,  of  Martinique, 
VI.  695,  2  c. 

Beth'am,  Sir  William,  English  antiquary,  II. 
593.  Rev.  William,  author,  2  a. 

BetWany,  village  of  ancient  Palestine,  II.  593 
(ilk). 

Bethany,  village  of  West  Virginia,  II.  594. 
Bethany  college,  1  a. 

Beth'el,  city  of  ancient  Palestine,  II.  594  (ill.). 

Bethel,  town  of  Maine,  II.  594. 

Bethel  community ,  XV.  140,  2  b. 

Bethencouet,  Jean,  seigneur  de  [ba-tang-koor], 
French  navigator,  II.  594. 

Bethes'da,  ancient  pool  or  fountain,  II.  594; 
IX.  615,  2  be. 

Beth  hammidrash :  see  Synagogue,  XV.  540, 1  b. 

Beth-Ho'eon,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  villages 
of  ancient  Palestine,  II.  594. 

Betii'lehem,  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  II. 
594;  ills.,  595. 

Bethlehem,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  II.  595. 

Bethlehemite  nuns ,  II.  596,  1  b. 

Bethlehemites,  two  religious  orders,  II.  596. 

Bethlen,  Gabor  [bet'-len],  prince  of  Transyl¬ 
vania,  II.  596. 

BETnpnAGE  [beth'-fa-ghe],  Palestine,  II.  596. 

Beth-phalce ,  II.  596,  2  a  (Betiipiiage). 

Bethroot ,  plant,  XV.  867,  1  ab. 

Bethsai'da,  Palestine,  II.  596  (ill.). 

Beth'san ,  village  of  Palestine,  XIV.  726,  2  a. 

Bethshe’an ,  village  of  Palestine,  XIV.  726,  2  a. 

Beth' shemesh,  city  of  Egypt,  VIII.  619,  1  c. 

Betiiune  [ba-tiin],  town  of  France,  II.  597. 

Bethune\  David:  see  Beaton. 

Betiiune,  George  Washington,  D.  D.,  Ameri¬ 
can  clergyman  and  author,  II.  597. 

Betlis  [bet-lees'],  town  of  Turkey,  II.  597. 

Beton  [Fr.  ba-tong],  a  kind  of  concrete,  V.  209, 
1  a.  B6ton  agglomere  [ag-gluh-ma-ra],  1  b. 
Examples  of  its  use,  2  a,  ff. 


BETON 


BIIURTPOOR 


97 


Be' ton ,  David:  see  Beaton. 

Betroth'ment,  II.  597.  In  ancient  times,  2  a. 
Decree  of  the  council  of  Trent,  2  b.  In 
France,  2  c.  In  England,  ib.  In  Scotland, 
598, 1  a.  In  Germany,  1  ab.  In  the  United 
States,  1  b.  Among  some  semi-civilized 
races,  1  he. 

Betsibooka,  river  of  Madagascar,  X.  809,  2  c. 

Betsileos ,  tribe  of  Madagascar,  X.  811, 1  a. 

Betsimasakaras ,  tribe  of  Madagascar,  X.  811, 1  a. 

Bet'terton,  Thomas,  English  actor,  II.  598. 

Bettina  von  Arnim:  see  Arnim,  I.  758,  1  c. 

Bettinel'li,  Saverio,  Italian  author,  II.  598. 

Bettt,  William  Henry  West,  English  actor,  II. 
598  (died  1874).  Henry,  2  c. 

Bet'ula  (botany),  II.  647,  1  a.  B.  alba,  1  c 
(ills.).  B.  pendula,  2  b  (ill.)*  B.  lenta,  648, 
1  a.  B.  papyracea,  ib.  B.  nigra,  1  b.  B. 
nana,  ib. 

Betwah',  river  of  Hindostan,  II.  598. 

Beudant  (Francois  Sulpice,  1787-1850),  [biih- 
danfr],  his  classification  of  minerals,  XI.  590, 1  b. 

Beukels,  or  Beukelszoon,  Willem  [bnh'-kels, 
-zone],  Dutch  fisherman,  II.  598. 

Beulah ,  county  seat,  III.  7,  1  b. 

Beule,  Charles  Ernest  [biih-la],  French  archae¬ 
ologist,  II.  599.  (Died  1874.) 

Beurnonville,  Pierre  de  Ruel,  marquis  de 
[buhr-non?-veel],  French  soldier,  II.  599. 
Etienne  Martin,  1  c. 

Bettst,  Friedrich  Ferdinand  von,  count  [fon 
hoist],  German  statesman,  II.  599.  His  re¬ 
construction  of  the  Austrian  empire,  150, 
1  a,  ff.  His  project  of  a  federal  constitution 
for  Germany,  VII.  756,  2  c. 

Beuthen  [boi'-ten],  two  towns  of  Prussia,  II. 
600. 

Beuvron ,  marquis  de  [du.h  buh-vrong],  French 
duellist,  III.  161,  2  c. 

Beveland,  North  and  South  [ba'-veh-lant], 
islands  of  Holland,  II.  600. 

Beveren  [ba'-ver-en],  borough  of  Belgium,  II. 
600. 

Bev'eridge,  William,  English  prelate,  II.  600. 
On  Isidore  Mercator’s  collection  of  canons, 

III.  718,  2  c. 

Bev'erley,  borough  of  England,  II.  600. 

Beverley,  John  of,  prelate,  II.  600. 

Beverly,  town  of  Massachusetts,  II.  600. 

Beverly,  county  seat,  XIV.  199,  1  a. 

Bew'ick,  Thomas,  English  wood  engraver  and 
author,  II.  601.  John,  1  b  (bis). 

Bexar  [ba-ar';  Sp.  ba-khar'],  county,  II.  601. 

Bexar  District,  Texas,  II.  601. 

7 


Bexley,  Lord  :  see  Vansittart,  Nicholas. 

Bey  [ba],  title:  see  Beg;  Tripoli,  XY.  872, 
2  ab ;  Tunis,  XYI.  31,  1  b. 

Beykaneer  [ba-ka-neer'] :  see  Bickaneer. 
Beyle,  Marie  Henri  [bail],  French  author,  II. 
601 ;  IY.  17,  2  a. 

Beylol  Lodi ,  Afghan  military  chief,  IX.  208, 

1  be. 

Beypasha  [ba'-pa-sha] :  see  BeasL 
Beyra :  see  Beira. 

Beyrout  [ba-root'],  town  of  Syria,  II.  601 ; 
view,  602. 

Beysheher :  see  Begsiteiier. 

Be'za,  Theodore  de,  French  reformer,  II.  603. 
Bezanozano ,  the ,  class  of  Madagascans,  X.  811, 

2  ab. 

Bezant',  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  2  c. 

Bezant'lers  (of  the  deer),  Y.  756,  2  b. 

Beza’s  Codex,  II.  603 ;  XI.  133,  1  c. 

Beze,  Theodore  de  [duh  baiz] :  see  Beza. 
Beziers  [ba-ze-a],  town  of  France,  II.  603.  Ca¬ 
thedral  of  St.  Nazaire,  2  c  (ill.,  604).  Slaugh¬ 
ter  of  Albigenses  at,  604, 1  b,  and  I.  253, 1  b. 
Bez'il  (of  the  diamond),  YI.  75,  1  b. 

Be'zoar,  calculus  used  as  a  charm,  II.  604. 
Bhadrinath  [ba-dre-nat'],  town  of  British  In¬ 
dia,  II.  604. 

Bhagerut  Bow  Sindia,  sovereign  of  Gwalio^ 
YIII.  349,  1  a. 

Bhagirathi  [ba-ghe-ra'-te],  source  of  the  Gan¬ 
ges,  YII.  609,  1  c. 

Bhainsa  [bine'-sa],  tame  buffalo,  III.  410,  2  a. 
Bhalbuns,  bastard  Brahmans,  IX.  213,  2  c. 
Bhamo  [ba-mo'],  town  of  Burmah,  II.  604. 
Bhanmo :  see  Bhamo. 

Bhartrihari  [bar-tre-ha'-re ;  Hind,  b’hur-tre- 
hiir'-e],  Hindoo  poet,  II.  604. 

Bhashyas ,  commentaries  on  the  Yedas,  IX. 
229,  1  ab. 

Bhatgan  [bat-gan'],  town  of  nindostan,  II.  605. 
Bhatgong :  see  Bhatgan. 

Bhaugulpore' :  see  Boglipoor. 

Bhawalpoor  [baw-al-poor'],  state  of  Hindos¬ 
tan,  II.  605.  Town,  1  c. 

Bheels,  tribe  of  India,  II.  605;  Y.  197,  2  c; 
IX.  215,  1  a. 

Bhomiyah  [bo-me'-ya],  title,  II.  605,  2  ab. 
Bhooj,  city  of  Hindostan,  II.  605. 

Bhopaiil',  state  of  Hindostan,  II.  605.  Town, 
2  c. 

Bhotan  :  see  Bootan. 

Bhotanta  language,  XY.  705,  1  b. 

Bhhrtpoor',  state  of  Hindostan,  II.  606.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  1  a  (ill.). 


98 


BHURTPORE 


BICHE 


Bhurtpore :  see  Bhurtpoor. 

Biafra  [be-af'-ra],  kingdom  of  Africa,  II.  606. 
Bight  of,  1  c. 

Bialystok  [bya-le-stok'],  town  of  Russia,  II. 
606. 

Biamri  [be-am'-re],  Arabic  title,  III.  617,  2  a. 

Bianchi  [byan'-ke],  (whites),  Ghibelline  faction 
at  Florence,  V,  670,  2  c,  ff . ;  VII.  277,  2  a; 
VIII.  297,  1  b. 

Bianohini,  Francesco  [byan-ke'-ne],  Italian  as¬ 
tronomer  and  author,  II.  606. 

Biard,  Auguste  Francois  [byar],  French  paint¬ 
er,  II.  607.  L6onie  d’Aunet,  writer,  1  c. 

Biarritz  [byar-reets],  bathing  place  of  France, 
II.  607.  Villa  Eugenie,  2  a  (ill.). 

Bi'as,  mythical,  II.  607.  Of  Priene,  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men,  2  b. 

Bias,  a  cotton  cloth,  I.  227,  1  c. 

Biaxial  crystals ,  in  optics,  X.  441,  2  a ;  449, 

1  a,  2  a  (ills.);  451,  2  a,  ff. (ills.). 

Biban  pass,  Atlas  mountains,  II.  81,  1  be. 

Bibars  [be'-bars],  sultan  of  Egypt,  III.  617,  2  be. 

Bibb,  two  counties,  II.  607. 

Bibbiena,  Ferdinando  Galli  da  [beeb-bya'-na], 
Italian  architect  and  painter,  II.  608.  Gio¬ 
vanni  Maria,  Francesco,  and  Antonio,  1  b. 

Bibee,  George  Everard  [be'-ber],  English  cler¬ 
gyman  and  author,  II.  608. 

Biberach  [be'-ber-akh],  town  of  Wtirtemberg, 
II.  608. 

Bibesco,  George  Demetrius,  prince  [be-bes'-ko], 
Wallachian  statesman,  II.  608.  Barbo  De¬ 
metrius  Stirbey,  hospodar,  2  ab.  Nicholas, 

2  b. 

Bibijagua  [be-be-kha'-gwa],  ant,  V.  546,  1  c. 

Bibiru  baric  [be-be'-roo],  VIII.  231,  1  ab.  See 
Bebeerine. 

Bible,  II.  608.  Order  of  books  in  the  Old 
Testament,  2  c.  Divisions,  historical,  poeti¬ 
cal,  prophetical,  609,  1  a.  New  Testament 
books,  2  b.  Manuscript  Hebrew  text,  and  Ma- 
sora,  609,  2  c;  printed,  610,  2  a.  Manuscript 
Greek  text  of  the  New  Testament,  611,  1  c; 
printed,  612,  2  b.  Ancient  translations  of 
the  Old  Testament,  613,  1  b.  Modern  ver¬ 
sions  of  the  Bible,  2  c.  (See  Bible  transla¬ 
tions,  Index.)  Revision  of  the  authorized 
English  version,  614,  2  a.  Former  destitu¬ 
tion  and  cost  of  the  Bible,  618,  2  a.  First 
printing  of  it,  614,  1  b ;  XIII.  846,  2  a. 

Bible  Christians ,  Methodist  sect,  XI.  454,  1  be. 

Bible  Societies,  II.  614.  British  and  foreign, 
2  c ;  615, 1  c ;  X.  600,  2  c.  Roman  Catholic, 
II.  615,  1  be.  Russian,  1  c;  I.  282,  2  c.  In 


the  United  States,  II.  615,  2  a.  American 
Bible  society,  ib. ;  its  revised  text  of  the 
English  Bible,  616,  1  b.  American  and  for¬ 
eign,  2  b.  American  Bible  union,  617,  1  a. 
Bible  revision  association,  2  a.  Controversy 
about  the  circulation  of  the  Apocrypha,  ibc 
Bible  translations.  Greek  (Septuagint),  II, 
613,  1  b.  Chaldee  (O.  T.),  1  c;  XV.  571, 
1  b.  Samaritan  (Pentateuch),  II.  613,  1  c; 
XIV.  590,  1  b.  Syriac  (Peshito),  II.  613, 

1  c;  XV.  548,  1  c.  Latin  (Vulgate),  II.  613, 

2  a-c;  IX.  608,  1  be,  2  a  (Jerome).  Latin 
(Itala),  II.  613,  2  a,  b;  X.  200,  1  b.  Ethio- 
pic,  I.  49,  1  c;  VI.  752,  1  c.  Amharic,  I. 
49,  1  c ;  VI.  753,  1  a.  Coptic,  V.  333,  1  a. 
Gothic,  VII.  762,  2  c;  VIII.  125,  1  c;  XVI. 
104, 1  a  (Ulfilas).  Old  Slavic,  V.  620, 1  ab, 
2  a;  XV.  104,  1  ab.  Armenian,  I.  727,  1  c. 
Georgian,  VII.  729,  2  a.  Anglo-Saxon,  I. 
505,  2  b;  II.  614,  1  ab  (Saxon).  English, 
II.  614, 1  ab  (see  names  there  referred  to,  and 
Rogers,  John,  XIV.  387).  German  (Lu¬ 
ther’s),  II.  613,  2  c;  VII.  764,  1  b;  X.  728, 

1  a,  730,  1  ab.  Bohemian,  II.  789,  1  a ;  XI. 
818,  2  b.  Dutch,  XII.  252,  1  a.  Spanish 
(first),  I.  296,  1  a.  Italian  (Diodati’s),  VI, 
120,  1  ab.  Icelandic  (first  complete  edition), 
IX.  156,  1  a.  Danish,  VI.  17,  2  b.  Welsh, 
IV.  179,  2  ab.  Indian  (Eliot’s),  VI.  528,  2  a. 

Biblia  Hexapla,  Origen’s:  see  Polyglot,  XIII. 
687,  1  c. 

Biblical  traditions  among  the  Karens,  IX.  768, 

2  b. 

Bibliog'eaphy,  II.  618.  Bibliographical  works, 
619,  1  b,  ff.  Earliest  English  treatise  on  it, 
119,  1  c. 

Biblioma'nia,  II.  621. 

Bibliothe'ca  Palati'na ,  section  of  the  Vatican 
library,  VIII.  613,  1  c. 

.Bibliotheca  Sacra,  periodical,  XIII.  301,  2  c. 
Bibra,  Ernst  von,  baron  [fon  be'-bra],  German 
naturalist,  II.  622. 

Bibrac'te  :  see  Autun. 

Bi'brax  Suesso'num :  see  Laon. 

Bicarburetted  hydrogen ,  Faraday’s  name  for 
benzine,  II.  544,  1  a. 

Bicetee  [be-saitr’J,  village  of  France,  II.  622. 
Hospital  of,  2  c. 

Biohat,  Marie  Francois  Xavier  [be-sha],  French 
anatomist  and  physiologist,  II.  623.  Hi9 
classification  of  the  organs  of  the  body,  I. 
461,  1  be  and  c. 

Biche  de  Mer  [beesh  duh  mair] :  see  Sea  Cu 
cumber,  XIV.  728,  2  be. 


BICHLORIDE 


BIIIAR 


99 


Bichloride  of  methylene :  see  Chloro-Methyl. 
Biei  [be'-se],  bird,  ATII.  110,  2  b. 

Bickaneer',  state  of  Hindostan,  II.  623.  Capi¬ 
tal  town,  624,  1  a. 

BicJcern,  small  anvil,  I.  579,  1  a. 

Bick'erstaff,  Isaac,  English  dramatist,  II. 
624. 

Bickerstetii,  Edward,  English  clergyman,  II. 
624.  Henry,  Lord  Langdale,  lawyer,  1  c. 
Edward,  clergyman,  ib.  Robert,  bishop, 
2  a.  Edward  Henry,  clergyman  and  poet, 
2  ab. 

Bidas'pes ,  river,  IX.  639,  2  c  (Jhylum). 
Bidasso'a,  river  of  Spain,  II.  624. 

Bid'deford,  city  of  Maine,  II.  624. 

Biddellians ,  sect,  II.  626,  1  b. 

Biddings ,  dumb ,  at  auction,  II.  103,  1  a. 
Biddle,  Clement,  American  soldier,  II.  625. 

Clement  Cornell,  political  economist,  1  c. 
Biddle,  James,  American  naval  officer,  II.  625. 
Biddle,  John,  English  theologian,  II.  625. 
Biddle,  Nicholas,  American  naval  officer,  II. 
626. 

Biddle,  Nicholas,  American  banker,  II.  626. 
Biddle,  Richard,  American  lawyer,  II.  627. 
His  memoir  on  Sebastian  Cabot,  III.  531, 
1  b. 

Bid'eford,  seaport  of  England,  II.  627. 

Bidloo,  Godfried  [bid'-lo],  Dutch  anatomist, 
II.  627. 

Bidpay  [bid'-pi],  reputed  author  of  Hindoo 
fables,  II.  627. 

Bieberich  [be'-ber-ich] :  see  Biebrich. 

Biebrich  [be'-brich],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  627. 
Biefve,  Edouard  de  [byef],  French  painter,  II. 

627. 

Biel  [beel] :  see  Bienne. 

Biel,  Saxon  divinity,  II.  628,  2  b. 

Biela,  Wilhelm  von  [be'-la],  German  soldier 
and  astronomer,  II.  627.  Biela’s  comet, 

628,  1  a;  Y.  141,  1  a. 

Bielefeld  [be'-lSh-felt],  town  of  Prussia,  II. 
628. 

Bielersee  [be'-ler-za],  lake,  II.  629, 1  a  (Bienne). 
Bielev  [byel-ev'],  town  of  Russia,  II.  628. 
Bielgorod  [byel-go-rod'] :  see  Belgorod. 
Bielina  [bya-le'-na],  fortress  of  Bosnia,  III. 
112,  1  ab. 

Bielitz  [be'-lits],  town  of  Austria,  II.  628. 
Old  Bielitz,  1  c. 

Biella  [byel'-la],  town  of  Italy,  II.  628. 
BielostoJc :  see  Bialystok. 

Bielowski,  August  [byel-ov'-ske],  Polish  writer, 
II.  628. 


BiELsnonLE  [beels'-ho-leh],  cave  in  the  Ilartz, 
II.  628;  VIII.  493,  2  c. 

Bielski,  Marcin  [byel'-ske],  Polish  historian, 
II.  628. 

Bielstein  [beel'-stine],  mountain,  II.  628,  2  b. 
Bienne  [byen],  town  of  Switzerland,  II.  628. 
Lake  of,  629,  1  a. 

Bienville  [be-en'-vil],  parish  of  Louisiana,  II. 
629. 

Bienville,  Jean  Baptiste  Lemoine  (Le  Moyne), 
sieur  de  [byang-veel],  governor  of  Louisiana, 
II.  629.  Francois  Le  Moyne,  sieur  de,  X.  338, 

1  c. 

Biere  [byair],  forest  of,  VII.  304*  2  ab. 
Biernacki,  Aloizy  Prosper  [bySr-nats'-ke],  Po¬ 
lish  agricultural  reformer,  II.  630.  Jozef, 
patriot,  1  ab. 

Bierstadt,  Albert  [beer'-stat],  American  artist, 
II.  630. 

Bies-Bosch  [beece'-bosk],  marshy  lake,  Nether¬ 
lands,  II.  630. 

Bievre  [byaivr’],  forest  of,  VII.  304,  2  ab. 
Bievre ,  stream  in  Paris,  VIII.  59,  1  b  (bis). 
Bifrcista  [be-fras'-ta],  in  Scandinavian  mythol¬ 
ogy,  XII.  120,  1  b. 

Big'amy,  II.  630;  XIII.  687,  1  a. 

Big  Beaver ,  island,  Lake  Michigan,  II.  436, 

1  c. 

Big  Ben ,  bell,  London,  X.  610,  1  a. 

Big  Black  River,  Mississippi,  II.  630. 

Big  Bone  Lick,  Kentucky,  II.  630. 

Bigelow,  Erastus  Brigham  [big'-e-lo],  Ameri¬ 
can  inventor,  II.  630.  His  improvement  of 
the  power  loom  for  carpet  weaving,  IV.  20, 

2  b,  ff. ;  XVI.  525,  2  c. 

Bigelow,  Jacob,  American  physician,  II.  631. 
Bigelow,  John,  American  journalist  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  631. 

Bigelow,  Timothy,  American  lawyer,  II.  631. 
Big  figure,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  a. 

Bigg ,  Scottish  barley,  II.  316, 1  a;  III.  257, 1  c. 
Big  Horn  :  see  Sheep,  XIV.  837,  2  a. 

Big  Horn,  county,  II.  631. 

Big  Horn  River,  II.  631. 

Big  Horn  range ,  Rocky  mountains,  XIV.  375, 
2  c. 

Bignonia  (botany),  XVI.  15,  2  c.  B.  capreo- 
lata,  16,  1  c.  B.  venusta,  2  a. 

Bigordi ,  Domenico ,  painter :  see  Ghirlandaio. 
Big  Rapids ,  county  seat,  XI.  331,  2  c. 

Big  Stone,  county,  II.  632. 

Big  tree  grove  (“  the  big  trees  ”),  III.  567,  1  c 
(Calaveras).  See  Sequoia. 

Biiiar  [be'-hor],  county  of  Hungary,  II.  632. 


100 


BIJANAGUR 


BINGERLOCH 


Bijanagur  [be-ja-na-gur'],  city  of  India,  II. 
632. 

Bijawur  [be-jaw'-er],  state  of  Hindostan,  II. 

632. 

JBil :  see  Belus. 

Bilateral  disease ,  III.  310,  2  b. 

Bilateral  operation,  for  the  stone,  XY.  398, 
2  c;  399,  1  a. 

Bilbao  [beel-ba'-o  or  -bow'],  city  of  Spain,  II. 
632  (ill.). 

Bilberry,  shrub,  II.  633  (ill.). 

Bil'Mlis ,  ancient  town,  III.  567,  1  a. 
Bilderdijk,  Willem  [bil'-der-dike],  Dutch  popt, 
II.  633.  His  second  wife,  poetess,  2  b. 

Bile,  II.  633.  Its  chemical  composition,  2  be. 
Its  functions,  634,  1  c,  ff.,  and  IV.  514,  2  b 
(Cholesterine). 

Bile  duct ,  common,  VII.  574,  2  ab. 

Biled-ul- Jerid  :  see  Beled-ul-Jerid. 
Bilfinger,  Georg  Bernhard  [bil'-fing-er],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  II.  636. 

Bilgeways ,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  864,  1  a. 

Bilguer,  Paul  Rudolf  von  [bil'-gair],  German 
chess  player,  II.  636. 

Biliary  concretions  (calculi),  [bil'-ya-re],  III. 

570,  1  c;  IY.  514,  1  be. 

Biliary  Dijots,  II.  636 ;  X.  536,  2  c. 

Biliary  fat,  IY.  514,  1  ab. 

Biliary  sugar  (picromel),  II.  634, 1  c. 

Bilin  [be-leen'],  town  of  Bohemia,  II.  636. 
Biline  [bil'-in],  in  bile,  II.  634,  1  c. 

Bilious  Fever,  II.  637.  Bilious  attack,  ib., 
and  XY.  397,  1  be. 

Bilit  [be-leet'] :  see  Mylitta. 

Biliverdine  [bi-liv'-er-din],  (bile  pigment),  II. 

633,  2  c ;  634,  1  b  and  c. 

j BiTkis,  reputed  queen  of  Sheba,  I.  620,  2  c. 
Bill,  in  legislation,  II.  637.  Public  bill,  2  b. 
Private  bills,  638,  1  a.  Money  bills,  2  b. 
Form  of  bills,  639,  1  a. 

Bill,  infantry  weapon  of  the  middle  ages,  II. 

639  (ill.) ;  I.  735,  1  b. 

Bill,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Bill  booh,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  81,  1  a. 

Bill  of  Credit,  II.  639. 

Bill  in  Equity,  II.  639. 

Bill  of  Exchange  :  see  Exchange,  and  I.  56, 
1  a  (Acceptance).  Rules  of  presentation, 
ib.  Liability  of  acceptor  and  holder,  57,  2  c. 
Protest  of  foreign  or  inland  bills,  58,  1  a. 
Bell  of  Health  :  see  Quarantine,  XIY.  129, 
1  ab. 

Bill  of  Indictment  :  see  Indictment. 

Bill  of  Lading,  II.  640. 


Bill  of  the  papal  guarantees,  by  the  Italian 
parliament,  IX.  454,  2  a. 

Bill  of  Rights,  in  the  constitutional  law  of 
England,  II.  640 ;  of  the  United  States,  2  b. 
Bill  of  Sale,  II.  640. 

Billah,  Arabic  title,  III.  617,  2  a. 

Billaud- Yarenne,  Jean  Nicolas  [be-yo  va- 
ren],  French  revolutionist,  II.  640. 

Bil'le,  Steen  Andersen,  Danish  naval  officer, 
II.  641. 

Billet,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  2  b.  See  plate 
(after  p.  670)  on  the  left. 

Billiards  [bil'-yurdz],  II.  641.  Best  manual 
for  playing,  643,  1  a.  Billiard  tables,  641, 
1  be,  ff.  Cushion  and  ball  (ill.),  1  c.  Car¬ 
om  table,  2  b  (ilk).  Cue  and  mace,  2  c 
(ill.).  Position  of  the  hand,  642,  1  a  (ill.). 
Six-pocket  table  (ill.),  2  b. 

Billings,  Joseph,  English  navigator,  II.  643. 
Billings,  William,  American  composer,  II.  643. 
Billingsgate,  fish  market  of  London,  X.  613,  2  c. 
Billington,  Elizabeth,  English  singer,  II.  643. 
Billiton',  East  Indian  island,  II.  643. 

Billon  [bil'-lone;  Fr.  be-yong],  debased  silver, 

XII.  535,  2  b. 

Billroth  [bil'-rote],  (Theodor,  born  1829),  his 
theory  of  inflammation,  IX.  276,  2  c.  On 
bacteria,  XY.  285,  1  ab. 

Bills  receiwMe,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  2  a. 

Bills  payable,  ib. 

Billy-biter,  bird,  XY.  775,  1  c. 

Bilon,  kind  of  madder,  X.  816,  1  c. 

Bilson,  Thomas,  English  divine  and  author, 
II.  643. 

Bilsted ,  tree,  X.  518,  2  a. 

Bilston,  town  of  England,  II.  643. 

Bima  [be'-ma],  state  of  Sumbawa,  II.  644. 

Bim  bashi,  Turkish  military  rank,  XI.  361,  1  b. 
Bimini  [be-me'-ne],  imaginary  island,  II.  644. 
Bi'nary  Arithmetic  :  see  Arithmetic,  I.  708, 

1  c.  Binary  scale  of  numbers,  ib. 

Binary  compounds,  in  chemistry,  XII.  474, 

2  c  ;  XIY.  582,  2  b. 

Binary  system  of  chemistry,  II.  87,  2  a.  Bi¬ 
nary  theory,  XIY.  582,  2  be. 

Binary  system  in  zoology,  YII.  267,  2  a. 
Binding  of  boohs :  see  Bookbinding. 
Bindkabund',  town  of  Hindostan,  II.  644. 
Bindweed  (convolvulus),  Y.  293,  1  a ;  black, 

XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Bing,  in  preparing  cotton  for  manufacture,  Y. 
413,  1  c. 

Bing'en,  town  of  Ilesse-Darmstadt,  II.  644  (ill.). 
Bingerloch,  or  Bingen  hole,  II.  644,  1  c. 


BINGHAM 


BIRON 


101 


Bingham,  Josepli  [bing'-um],  English  scholar, 
II.  645. 

Bixgiiamton  [bing'-um-tun],  city  of  New  York, 
II.  645. 

Bin'gium ,  ancient  town  :  see  Bingen. 
Bingtang',  East  Indian  island,  II.  645. 
Bin'nacle,  II.  645  ;  Y.  187,  1  b. 

Binney,  Amos,  American  savant,  II.  645. 
Binney,  Horace,  lawyer,  II.  645.  (Died  1875.) 
Binney,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  II.  646. 
Binondo  [be-none'-^o],  suburb  of  Manila,  XI. 
109,  1  c,  2  a. 

Binoxalate  of  potash,  XII.  757,  2  b  ;  758,  1  a. 
Bintang :  see  Bingtang. 

Binue  [be-noo'-a] :  see  Benoowe. 

Biobio  [be-o-be'-o],  river  of  Chili,  II.  646. 
Biol'ogy,  science  of  life,  II.  646 ;  I.  527, 1  b. 
Bi'on,  Greek  poet,  II.  646. 

Bi'oplasm ,  referred  to,  VII.  146,  1  a  and  b. 
Biot,  Jean  Baptiste  [byo],  French  savant,  II. 
646. 

Biotite ,  species  of  mica,  XI.  491,  1  a. 

Bipennis ,  kind  of  battle  axe,  II.  393,  2  b. 
Biphosphate  of  lime ,  X.  479,  1  b. 

Bipont  Editions  (of  the  classics),  II.  647. 
Bipontium :  see  Zweibrucken. 

Bipotassic  sulphate ,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 

Biquadratic  equation ,  first  solved,  XI.  276, 
1  c. 

Biran,  Maine  de :  see  Maine  de  Biran. 

BiRcn  [burch],  tree,  II.  647.  White  birch,  1  c 
(ills.).  Weeping  birch,  2  b  (ill.).  Black, 
paper,  red,  and  dwarf  birch,  648,  1  a,  b. 
Birch,  Samuel,  English  Egyptologist,  II.  648. 
Birch,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  English  historian  and 
biographer,  II.  648. 

Birch  agaric ,  used  for  sharpening  instruments, 

I.  173,  1  c. 

Birch  darTc,  uses  of,  II.  647,  2  a ;  648,  1  a. 
Birch-dark  tar,  X.  277,  1  ab. 

Birch-Pfeiffer,  Charlotte  [beerch'-pfl-fer], 
German  actress  and  dramatist,  II.  648. 

Bird,  Edward,  English  painter,  II.  648. 

Bird,  Golding,  English  physician  and  author, 

II.  648. 

Bird,  Robert  Montgomery,  American  physician 
and  author,  II.  648. 

Birde,  William,  English  composer,  II.  649. 
Bird  Islands,  West  Indies,  II.  649. 

Bird  Lime,  II.  649. 

Bird  mite,  VI.  695,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Bird  of  Paradise,  II.  649.  Greater  paradise 
bird,  2  c  (ill.) ;  red,  650,  2  c  (ill.) ;  king,  651, 
1  b  (ill.,  650) ;  superb,  id.  (ill.,  650) ;  gold¬ 


breasted,  1  a  (ill.) ;  twelve-wired,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
long-tailed,  id.  (ill.). 

Bird  of  Velez ,  V.  86,  2  c. 

Bird  pepper,  III.  761,  2  a. 

Birds,  II.  652.  Their  anatomy,  1  b;  parts 
(ill.),  2  a;  digestive  apparatus  (ill.),  653, 1  b; 
wing  bones  (ill.),  id. ;  voice,  2~b ;  brain,  654, 

1  b  ;  organs  of  sense,  1  c ;  propagation,  2  b. 
Mining  birds,  655,  1  c.  Ground  builders, 

2  a.  Mound  builders,  2  b.  Masons,  2  c. 
Baker  bird,  id.  Carpenters,  656,  1  a.  Plat¬ 
form  builders,  1  ab.  Basket  makers,  1  b. 
Weavers,  1  c.  Tailors,  2  a.  Cementers,  2  b. 
Dome  builders,  2  be.  Parasites,  2  c.  Skele¬ 
ton  of  birds,  Y.  174,  2  c ;  partial  anatomy 
of,  II.  687,  1  c. 

Birds,  in  heraldry,  VII.  673,  1  be.  See  plate 
(after  p.  670),  on  the  right. 

Bird'1  s-foot  trefoil ,  X.  648,  2  be. 

Bird's  head  process ,  organ  of  polyzoa,  XIII. 
691,  1  b. 

Bird’s  Nest,  Edible,  II.  657 ;  I.  299,  2  c. 
Bird's  nest  fern,  VII.  151,  2  c  (ill.). 

Bird's  nest  f  ungus,  VII.  583,  2  ab. 

Bi'reme,  galley,  VII.  575,  2  ab. 

Biren  [be'-ren] :  see  Biron,  Ernest  John. 
Birgus,  robber  crab,  V.  451,  1  b. 

Birkenfeld  [beer'-ken-felt],  German  princi¬ 
pality,  II.  657. 

Birkenfeld  line,  of  Zweibrticken,  XVI.  840, 1  a. 
Bir'kenhead,  town  of  England,  II.  657.  Park 
of,  XIII.  103,  2  a  (map). 

Birkenhead,  Sir  John,  English  writer,  II.  658. 
Birket-el-Keroon'  [beer'-ket],  lake,  II.  658. 
Birkett's  circus,  New  York,  alluded  to,  II.  575, 

1  c. 

Birmingham  [bur'-ming-um],  town  of  England, 
II.  658;  view,  659. 

Birmingham,  village  of  Connecticut,  II.  660. 
Birmingham,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  II.  660. 
Birnam,  hill,  Scotland,  II.  660.  Birnam  wood, 

2  ab. 

Birnee,  Old,  town  of  Africa,  II.  660. 

Birney,  James  G.  [bur'-ne],  American  philan¬ 
thropist  and  politician,  II.  660.  Defended  by 
S.  P.  Chase  in  a  prosecution  for  harboring  a 
fugitive  slave,  IV.  327, 1  ab.  David  B.,  gen¬ 
eral,  II.  660,  2  b.  William,  general,  661, 1  a. 
Fitz  Hugh,  colonel,  id. 

Birom's  anemometer ,  I.  490,  1  b. 

Biron,  Armand  de  Gontaut,  duke  de  [be-rong], 
French  general,  II.  661.  Charles  de  Gon¬ 
taut,  duke  de,  general,  1  b.  Armand  Louis 
de  Gontaut  (duke  de  Lauzun),  duke  de,  1  c. 


102 


B1RON 


BITTERSWEET. 


Bikon,  Ernest  John,  duke  of  Courland  and  re¬ 
gent  of  Russia,  II.  661.  Peter,  662,  1  a. 
Bier  [bur] :  see  Parsonstown. 

Birs  Nimrud  [beerss  nim-rood'] :  see  Babel,  II. 

180,  2  a,  b,  181, 1  be ;  Babylon,  187,  2  a  (ill.). 
Birstall  [bur'-stul],  parish  of  England,  II.  662. 
Birth  :  see  Obstetrics  ;  also  Abortion,  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence. 

Birthroot ,  plant,  XV.  867,  1  ab. 

Birzha  [beer'-zlia],  Russian  exchange,  VII.  21, 

1  a. 

Bisaccia  [be-zat'-cha],  town  of  Italy,  II.  662. 
Bisacquino  [be-zak-kwe'-no],  town  of  Italy, 
II.  662. 

Bisayas  [be-sa'-yas],  Malayo-Polynesian  race, 
XI.  56,  la;  XIII.  418,  1  b  (Bisayans). 
Bis'cay,  province  of  Spain,  II.  662. 

Biscay,  Bay  of,  II.  662. 

Biscay,  New:  see  Durango. 

Bisceglie  [be-sha'-lya],  seaport  of  Italy,  II.  662. 
Bischof,  Karl  Gustav  [bish'-ofe],  German 
chemist  and  geologist,  II.  662.  On  the 
genesis  of  minerals,  XI.  590,  2  b. 

Bischoff,  Christoph  Heinrich  Ernst  [bish'-uf], 
German  physician,  II.  662.  Theodor  Lud¬ 
wig  Wilhelm,  anatomist  and  physiologist, 

2  c.  On  the  spontaneous  ripening  and  dis¬ 
charge  of  ova,  VI.  561,  1  c. 

Bischofswerda  [bish'-ofes-vair-da],  city  of 
Saxony,  II.  663. 

Bischop ,  Simon  [bis'-kop] :  see  Episcopius. 
Bischweiler  [bish'-vl-ler],  town  of  Alsace,  II. 
663. 

Bischwiller  [bish'-vil-ler] :  see  Bischweiler. 
Biscuit  [bis'-kit],  for  earthenware,  XIII.  790, 
2a;  for  porcelain,  791,  2  a. 

Bi'set ,  wild  rock  pigeon,  XIII.  504,  1  c. 
Bisexual  animals ,  I.  533,  2  b;  VI.  370,  2  c; 

VIII.  683,  2  c ;  X.  310,  1  c. 

Bishroot ,  I.  68,  1  b  (Aconite). 

Bishop,  II.  663.  In  the  Roman  Catholic 
church,  2  a ;  Anglican,  664,  1  b ;  Protestant 
Episcopal,  1  c ;  Lutheran  and  Evangelical, 
2  a ;  Greek,  ib. ;  Methodist  Episcopal,  XI. 
456,  2  a.  Number  of  bishops  in  the  world, 
II.  664,  2  a. 

Bishop,  Sir  Henry  Rowley,  English  composer, 
II.  664.  Anna  Riviere,  vocalist,  665,  1  a. 
Bishopric ,  II.  664,  2  a. 

Bishops ,  city  of,  XII.  748,  1  c. 

Bishop  Stortford,  town  of  England,  II.  665. 
Bismarck-Schonhausen,  Otto  Eduard  Leo¬ 
pold,  prince  [biss'-mark-shon'-how-zen],  Ger¬ 
man  statesman,  II.  665.  His  entrance  into 


the  ministry,  VII.  757,  1  b.  His  willingness 
to  cede  German  territory  to  France  asserted 
by  Lamarmora,  X.  118,  2  c.  Attempted  as¬ 
sassination  of  him,  X.  19,  1  c.  Interview 
with  Favre  to  agree  on  conditions  of  peace 
between  Germany  and  France,  VII.  99, 1  ab; 
treaty  signed,  1  c. 

Bism-Illah ,  or  Bism- Allah,  Mohammedan  graco 
before  meat,  I.  323,  1  be  (Allah). 

Bismuth  [biz'-muth],  metal,  II.  666.  Its  use  in 
thermometry,  2  b;  in  alloys,  667,  1  a;  in 
thermo-electricity,  1  be.  Compounds  and 
their  uses,  lb;  in  medicine,  1  c.  Nitrate 
of,  XII.  463,  2  be.  Magistery  of,  ib. 

Bisnagur' :  see  Bijanague. 

Bison,  II.  667.  B.  Americanus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Bissagos  [bis-sa'-goos],  islands  of  Africa,  II. 

668. 

Bis 'sell,  William  II.,  governor  of  Illinois,  II. 

668. 

Bissermians ,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  206,  2  c. 

Bisset,  Robert,  English  writer,  II.  668. 

Bistort ,  plant,  XIII.  689,  1  a;  ill.,  688. 

Bistre  [bis'-ter],  a  water  color,  II.  668. 

Bis'tritz,  town  of  Transylvania,  II.  668. 

Bisulphide  of  calcium ,  X.  478,  2  a ;  of  carbon, 
III.  772,  2  b,  and  XV.  454,  2  c. 

Bisutun  [be-soo-toon'] :  see  Behistun. 

Bit,  for  boring  wood,  varieties  of,  III.  98,  2  € 
-99,  1  a  (ills.) ;  of  a  drill,  II.  697,  1  c. 

Bitche  [beech],  town :  see  Bitsch. 

Bithoor',  town  of  Hindostan,  II.  669.  Ghauts 
on  the  Ganges,  1  a  (ill.). 

Bithyn'ia,  ancient  country  of  Asia,  II.  669. 

Bitolia ,  town :  see  Monastie. 

Bi'ton  and  Cle'obis,  in  Greek  legend,  II.  669. 

Biton'to,  town  of  Italy,  II.  669. 

Bitsch,  town  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  II.  669;  view, 
670. 

Bittacle :  see  Binnacle. 

Bitter  ash ,  tree,  XIV.  132,  1  b. 

Bitter  cups,  goblets  of  bitterwood,  XIV.  132,  2  a. 

Bitterfeld  [bit'-ter-felt],  town  of  Prussia,  II. 
670. 

Bit'tern,  bird,  II.  670.  English  bittern,  1  c 
(ill.);  green,  2  a  (ill.);  least,  2  b  (ill.,  671). 

Bittern ,  exhausted  salt  brine,  bromine  from, 
III.  307,  2  c,  308,  1  b;  XIII.  693,  1  be. 

Bitter  Principles,  II.  671. 

Bitter-root ,  plant,  IX.  244,  1  b. 

Bitter  Boot  range,  Rocky  mountains,  XL  771,  2  c. 

Bitter  Boot  river,  Montana,  XI.  772,  1  b,  be. 

Bittersweet,  plant,  VI.  304,  2  b ;  XV.  155,  1  b 
(ill.).  Climbing  or  shrubby,  XVI.  517,  2  c. 


BITTER-SWEET 


BLACK 


103 


Bitter sic eet  (wild  orange),  XII.  664,  1  c. 

Bitterwood ,  tree,  XIV.  132,  1  b  (ill.). 

Bitlis :  see  Betlis. 

Bittook  :  see  Bitiioor. 

Bitu  [be-too'j,  kind  of  bamboo,  VII.  110,  2  a. 

Bitu'men,  II.  671.  Varieties,  2  c.  Of  Hit  on 
the  Euphrates,  672,  1  c;  of  the  Dead  sea, 
2  a;  of  Trinidad,  id.  Preparation,  2  be. 
Analysis,  2  c.  Uses  of  the  natural  bitumens, 
673,  1  ab.  Origin  of,  2  ab.  Among  the 
Greeks  and  Romans,  XIII.  366,  2  b. 

Bituminous  limestone ,  II.  673,  1  be.  Bitumi¬ 
nous  mastic,  1  b. 

Bituminous  Shale,  II.  673. 

Bituriges  [be-tu'-re-jeez],  ancient  people  of  Cel¬ 
tic  Gaul,  II.  581,  1  c  ;  VII.  648,  2  a.  Bituri¬ 
ges  Cubi,  in  central  Gaul,  III.  157,  2  b;  159, 
2  a.  Bituriges  Vivisci,  of  southern  Gaul, 
III.  90,  2  ab. 

Bituvatu  [be-too-va-too'],  kind  of  bamboo,  VII. 
110,  2  a. 

Bitzius,  Albert  [bit'-se-oos],  Swiss  author,  II. 
673. 

Biu-diu ,  river,  II.  646,  2  a  (Biobio). 

Bivalve  shells ,  V.  198,  2  a,  ff  (ills.) ;  201, 2  a  (ill.). 

Bivar ,  Rodrigo  Diaz  de  [be-var'],  the  Cid,  I. 
295,  2  c. 

Biwa  [be'-wa],  Japanese  stringed  instrument, 
IX.  537,  1  c. 

Bizerta  [be-zer'-ta],  seaport  of  Tunis,  II.  673. 

Bjorling,  Carl  Olaf  [byor'-ling],  Swedish  prel¬ 
ate  and  author,  II.  673. 

Bjorneborg  [bydr'-n&h-borg],  seaport  of  Fin¬ 
land,  II.  674. 

Bjornson,  Bjornstjerne  [byorn'-son],  Norwe¬ 
gian  author,  II.  674. 

Bjornstjerna,  Magnus  Fredrik  Ferdinand 
[byorn-shair'-na],  Swedish  statesman  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  674. 

Blacas,  Pierre  Louis  Jean  Casimir,  duke  de 
[bla-ka],  French  statesman,  II.  674. 

Black,  Adam,  Scottish  publisher,  II.  674. 

Black,  Jeremiah  S.,  American  lawyer,  II.  674. 

Black,  Joseph,  Scottish  chemist,  II.  674.  Dis¬ 
coverer  of  carbonic  acid  gas,  III.  773,  2  ab. 
His  investigation  of  the  alkalies,  IV.  361, 
1  c.  His  theory  of  caloric,  VIII.  567,  2  be ; 
of  latent  heat,  576,  2  be;  experiments  on 
specific  heat,  573,  1  c,  2  be. 

Black  alder ,  shrub,  XVI.  673,  2  c. 

Black'all,  Offspring,  English  prelate,  II.  675. 

Blackdand  ores  (iron),  IX.  409,  1  ab,  2  a. 

Black  Barthel  [bar'-tel] :  see  Schwartz,  Ber- 
thold,  XIV.  689,  1  c. 


Black  dasalt  ware,  referred  to,  XIII.  783,  1  ab. 
Blackberry  :  see  Bramble.  Common  black¬ 
berry,  III.  207,  1  c.  High  blackberry,  2  be 
(ill.,  208).  Low  bush  blackberry,  id.  See 
Raspberry,  XIV.  209,  2  a. 

Blackbird,  county,  II.  675. 

Blackbird,  European,  II.  675^  (ill.).  Red¬ 
winged,  of  New  England,  2  b  (ill.).  In  the 
northwestern  states  and  Canada,  676,  1  b. 
Black  dook  of  the  admiralty ,  I.  124,  2  c. 

Black  doy,  tree  of  Australia,  II.  131,  1  a;  VIIL 
171,  2  ab. 

Black  duffalo ,  fish,  XV.  437,  1  a. 

Blackburn,  town  of  England,  II.  676. 

Black  Calmucks ,  XI.  747,  1  b. 

Black'cap,  bird,  II.  676.  European,  1  c  (ill.). 
American,  2  b. 

Blackcap ,  raspberry,  XIV.  210,  1  b. 
Black-capped  titmouse ,  XV.  775,  1  a. 

Black  cardinals ,  II.  577,  1  c.  Banished  by 
Napoleon,  III.  47,  2  b. 

Black  Castle  of  Opium :  see  Afium  Kara-His- 
sar. 

Black  cat  (fisher),  VII.  223,  1  b. 

Black  chalk ,  IV.  232,  1  c. 

Blackcock,  game  bird,  II.  676;  ill.,  677. 
Black  cohort ,  in  the  peasants’  war,  XIII.  216, 
2  a. 

Black  Death:  see  Plague,  XIII.  567,  1  c. 
In  Basel,  II.  358, 1  b.  In  Norway,  XII.  511, 

1  a.  Horrible  persecution  of  the  Jews  oc- 
casioned  by  it,  VIII.  597,  1  a. 

Black  drink ,  XVI.  773,  2  a  (Yaupon). 

Black  drop  (vinegar  of  opium),  XII.  648,  2  ab. 
“  Black  drop,”  in  a  transit  of  mercury,  XI. 
405,  1  c. 

Black  eagle ,  Prussian  order  of  the,  founded, 
VII.  454,  2  a. 

Blackfeet,  Indian  tribe,  II.  677 ;  XII.  503, 

2  a.  Blackfeet  confederacy,  allusion  to,  I. 
633,  1  a. 

Blackfish  (tautog),  II.  677  (ill.,  678). 
Blackfish  (dolphin),  VI.'  193,  1  a. 

Blackfish  whale  (grampus),  VIIL  147,  1  b. 
Black  Flux,  II.  678 ;  V.  469,  1  c. 

Black  Fly,  II.  678 ;  VI.  129,  1  c. 

Blackford,  county,  II.  678. 

Black  Forest,  II.  678 ;  209,  2  a,  c. 

Black  friars ,  II.  113,  2  b. 

Blackfriars  dridge,  London,  X.  592,  1  b. 

Black  grass ,  XIV.  471,  2  a. 

Black  grotto ,  near  Adelsberg,  I.  114,  1  g. 
Black  grouse:  see  Blackcock. 

Black  Gum,  tree,  II.  679  (ills.). 


104 


BLACK 


BLAIR 


Black  hawk,  bird,  III.  507,  1  a  (ill.,  506). 
Black  Hawk,  Indian  chief,  II.  679. 

Black  Hawk,  county,  II.  680. 

Black-head,  duck,  III.  783,  2  ab  ;  734,  1  a. 
Black-headed  saki ,  monkey,  XI.  751,  2  c. 

Black  helmet,  cameo  shell,  III.  652,  2  a. 

Black  Hills,  II.  680 ;  XIV.  375,  2  c ;  XYI. 
749,  2  c. 

Black  Hole,  Calcutta,  II.  680.  Monument 
(ill.),  ib. 

Black  horse,  fish,  XV.  437,  1  a. 

Blackie,  John  Stuart,  Scottish  author,  II.  680. 
Blacking,  for  leather  and  iron,  II.  681. 

Black  Jack,  ore :  see  Blende,  II.  708,  2  c. 
Black-jack,  tree,  XII.  555,  2  a. 

Black  Lead  :  see  Graphite. 

Blacklock,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  blind  Scottish  cler¬ 
gyman,  II.  681. 

Black  magic,  V.  795,  1  c. 

Black  Mail,  II.  681. 

Blackman,  George  Curtis,  American  surgeon, 

II.  681. 

Black  martin,  bird,  XV.  520,  1  a. 

Black  medick ,  plant,  X.  703,  2  a. 

Blackmore,  Sir  Richard,  English  physician 
and  writer,  II.  681. 

Black  mountain,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  George, 
VII.  712,  2  c.  Rogers’s  leap,  ib. 

Black  Mountains,  of  the  Appalachian  system, 
II.  682. 

Black  mountains ,  of  Africa,  II.  798,  1  ab ;  of 
Circassia,  IV.  603,  1  c. 

Black  Pawnees :  see  Rickarees. 

Black  pilot  (rudder  fish),  XIV.  462,  2  be. 
Black  Prince :  see  Edward,  prince  of  Wales. 

“  Black  obelisk  king ,”  II.  34,  1  c. 

Black  quarter,  murrain,  XII.  61,  1  b. 

Black  River,  of  New  York,  II.  682.  See  Big 
Black  River. 

Blacks,  a  Guelphic  faction  at  Florence,  VIII. 
297,  1  b. 

Black  saki,  monkey,  XI.  751,  2  c. 

Black  Sea,  II.  682.  Its  opening  from  the 
Bosporus  (ill.),  683.  Made  free  to  the  com¬ 
merce  of  all  nations  by  the  treaty  of  Paris, 
X.  224,  2  a.  Deneutralization  of  it,  I.  285, 
1  a :  see  XIV.  493,  2  a,  and  XVI.  62,  1  c. 
Black' shear,  county  seat,  XIII.  501,  2  ab. 
Black  Silver,  II.  683. 

Black  Snake,  II.  684  (ill.). 

Black  snakeroot,  IV.  583,  1  be ;  V.  22,  2  be. 
Blackstone,  town  of  Massachusetts,  II.  684. 
Blackstone,  William,  first  white  inhabitant  of 
Boston,  II.  684. 


Blackstone,  Sir  William,  English  lawyer,  II. 

684. 

11  Black  stone,'1'1  the,  in  the  Caaba,  XI.  314,  2  c. 
Blackstone  River,  II.  685.  Blackstone  canal, 

1  b. 

Black  stream  (Japan  current),  XII.  781,  2  ab. 
Black  and  tan  (terrier),  XV.  662,  2  c. 
Blackthorn,  tree,  XIII.  620,  2  ab ;  XV.  106, 

2  c  (ill.,  107). 

Black  tongue ,  fever,  VII.  169,  2  be ;  murrain, 
XII.  61,  1  b. 

Black  Vomit,  II.  685;  VII.  166,  2  a. 
Blackwall,  suburb  of  London,  II.  685. 

Black  Walnut  :  see  Walnut. 

Black  Warrior,  river  of  Alabama,  II.  685. 
Black  wart,  disease  in  the  plum  tree,  XIII. 
621,  1  a. 

Black'water,  river  of  Ireland,  II.  685. 
Black-water  streams,  of  Brazil,  III.  220,  1  c. 
Blackwell,  Alexander,  Scottish  physician,  II. 

685. 

Blackwell,  Elizabeth,  American  physician,  II. 

685.  Emily,  2  c.  See  XVI.  701,  2  ab. 
Blackwell’s  Island,  Hew  York,  II.  686. 
Blackwood,  William,  Scottish  publisher,  II. 

686. 

Blackwood' s  Edinburgh  Magazine, ,  II.  686,  1  a ; 

X.  568,  2  b ;  XIII.  296,  1  b ;  XVI.  652,  2  c. 
Bladder,  II.  686. 

Bladder-ketmia ,  plant,  VIII.  713,  2  c. 
Bladder-weed,  species  of  algas,  I.  299,  2  a;  Vn. 

515,  1  a.  Charcoal  of,  as  a  medicine,  2  b. 
Bladderwort,  marsh  plant,  XVI.  237,  2  c  (ill., 
238). 

Blade  of  an  anchor ,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Blade  of  a  leaf,  X.  264,  1  c;  266,  1  a,  be. 
Bla'den,  county,  II.  687. 

Bladensburg,  town  of  Maryland,  II.  687. 
Blagovieshtchensk  [bla-go-vyesh-chensk'J,  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  II.  687. 

Blaine,  Ephraim,  American  soldier,  II.  687. 

James  Gillespie,  statesman,  2  be. 

Blainville,  Henri  Marie  Ducrotay  de  [dull 
blang-veel],  French  naturalist,  II.  687.  His 
classification  of  birds,  XII.  706,  1  a;  of  fish¬ 
es,  IX.  160,  1  be;  of  mammals,  XI.  80,  1  c, 
81,  2  b;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693,  1  be.  His 
theory  of  the  anatomy  of  the  head,  XIII. 
423,  1  c. 

Blair,  county,  II.  688. 

Blair,  Francis  Preston,  American  journalist, 
II.  688  (died  1876).  Montgomery,  lawyer 
and  politician,  2  b.  Francis  Preston,  Jr., 
lawyer  and  soldier,  2  c  (died  1875). 


BLAIR 


BLEACHING 


105 


Blair,  Hugh,  Scottish  divine  and  author,  II. 

689. 

Blair,  James,  American  clergyman  and  teach¬ 
er,  II.  689. 

Blair,  John,  Scottish  clironologist  and  geog¬ 
rapher,  II.  689. 

Blair,  Robert,  Scottish  poet,  II.  689. 

Blair's  process  of  making  steel ,  IX.  403,  2  a. 
Blairsville,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  II.  689. 
Blairsville,  county  seat,  XVI.  Ill,  2  c. 

Blaizot  [bla-zoj,  librarian  to  Louis  XVI.,  im¬ 
prisonment  in  the  Bastile,  II.  376,  1  c. 
Blake,  George  Smith,  American  naval  officer, 
II.  689. 

Blake,  John  Lauris,  American  author  and  cler¬ 
gyman,  II.  689. 

Blake,  Robert,  English  admiral,  II.  690. 
Blake,  William,  English  artist  and  poet,  II. 

690.  His  process  of  etching  upon  copper, 

691.  1  a ;  X.  526,  1  b. 

BlaJcely ,  county  seats,  II.  238, 1  a ;  VI.  354, 1  c. 
Blakely,  Johnston,  American  naval  officer, 
II.  691. 

BlaJcely  gun ,  I.  793,  2  c;  III.  712,  2  a  (ill.). 
Blake's  safety  explosive ,  VII.  30,  1  c. 

Blakey,  Robert,  English  metaphysician  and 
author,  II.  692. 

Blanc,  Jean  Joseph.  Louis  [blang],  French  po¬ 
litical  and  historical  writer,  II.  692.  Auguste 
Alexandre  Charles,  engineer  and  art  critic, 
2  c ;  duel  with  Lacombe,  X.  83,  1  c. 

Blanc,  Le  [luh  blang],  town  of  France,  II.  693. 
Blanc,  Mont :  see  Mont  Blanc. 

Blanc  fixe  [blang  feex],  white  pigment,  II.  313, 
1  c. 

Blanchard,  Emile  [blang-shar],  French  natural¬ 
ist,  11/693. 

Blanchard,  Francois,  French  aeronaut,  II. 
693 ;  I.  146,  1  c.  Marie  Madeleine  Armant, 
aeronaut,  II.  693,  1  c ;  I.  146,  2  b.  Her  tra¬ 
gic  fate,  id. 

Blanchard,  Henri  Pierre  Leon  Pharamond, 
French  painter,  II.  693. 

Blan'chard,  Laman,  English  writer,  II.  693. 
Blanchard,  Thomas,  American  mechanic  and 
inventor,  II.  693.  His  turning  machine, 
XVI.  74,  2  b. 

Blanche,  August  [blangsh],  Swedish  poet,  II. 
69’3. 

Blanche  of  Bourbon,  queen  of  Castile,  II.  693. 
Blanche  of  Castile,  queen  of  France,  II.  694; 
X.  652,  1  ab. 

Blanche  of  France ,  daughter  of  St.  Louis,  X. 
81,  1  ab  and  b. 


Blanco,  county,  II.  694. 

Bland,  county,  II.  694. 

Bland,  Theodoric,  American  patriot  and  sol¬ 
dier,  II.  694. 

Blandrata,  Giorgio  [blan-dra'-ta],  Italian  Uni¬ 
tarian,  II.  695 ;  I.  262,  1  a. 

Blangini,  Giuseppe  Marco  Maria  Felice  [blan- 
je'-ne],  Italian  composer,  II.  695. 

BlanJc  (card),  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  b. 

Blankenburg  [blan'-ken-boorg],  circle  in  the 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  II.  695.  Town,  2  ab. 

BlanJcet  of  the  whale ,  XVI.  581,  2  b. 

Blank'hof,  Jan  Teunisz,  Dutch  painter,  II.  695. 

Blanks ,  in  pen  making,  XIII.  243,  2  b. 

Blanqui,  Jerome  Adolphe  [blang-ke],  French  po¬ 
litical  economist,  II.  695.  Jean  Dominique, 
2  c.  Louis  Auguste,  revolutionist,  696,  1  a. 

Blari'na  (zoology),  XV.  8,  1  a.  B.  talpoides, 
id.  (ill.,  7). 

Blarney,  village  of  Ireland,  II.  696.  Blarney 
castle,  id.  (ill.).  Blarney  stone,  1  c. 

Blas'phemy,  in  law,  II.  696. 

Blast ,  hot,  in  smelting  furnaces,  II.  743,  1  c. 
See  IX.  394,  1  a,  ff. 

Blast  furnace,  II.  741,  2  be ;  VII.  542, 1  c ;  IX. 
392,  1  b,  ff.  (ills.,  393,  394). 

Blasting,  II.  697.  Implements,  1  b ;  699, 1  b. 
Sand  blast,  697,  2  b.  Excavation  by  fire,  2  c. 
Blasting  with  the  galvanic  battery,  698, 1  b; 
at  the  Holyhead  quarries,  2  a  (ill.).  Choice 
of  explosive  compound,  2  c.  Surface  blast¬ 
ing,  699,  2  c.  Mountain  tunnelling,  700, 1  c. 
Drill  at  work  (ill.),  id.  Stoping  (ill.),  2  a. 
Hoosac  tunnel,  701,  1  a.  Submarine  blast¬ 
ing,  1  ab ;  coffer  dam,  id.  (ill.).  Removal  of 
Blossom  rock,  2  a  (ills.,  702) ;  of  obstructions 
at  Hellgate,  702,  2  a  (ill.). 

Blasting  powder,  composition  of,  VIII.  331, 
2  ab. 

Blastocerus  (zoology),  V.  758,  2  a.  B.  paludo- 
sus,  id.  (ill.).  B.  campestris,  id. 

Blastodermic  membrane,  VI.  561,  2  be. 

Blatta  (entomology),  IV.  788,  2  b.  B.  orien¬ 
tals,  2  c.  B.  Americana  ferruginea,  XI.  292, 
1  be. 

Blavia :  see  Blaye. 

Blaye  [bla],  town  of  France,  II.  703.  Citadel, 
prison  of  the  duchess  of  Berry,  id.  “  Ex¬ 
jailer  of  Blaye,”  III.  417,  2  be. 

Blaze  de  Bury :  see  Bury,  Ange  Henri  Blaze  de. 

Blazing  off,  in  saw  making,  XIV.  651,  2  a. 

Blazonry:  see  Heraldry,  and  Tournament, 
XV.  824,  2  a. 

Bleaching,  II.  703.  Dutch  process,  1  c. 


106 


BLEACHING 


BLOIS 


Chemical  action,  2  b.  Use  of  chlorine,  704, 
1  a;  of  sulphurous  acid,  2  c.  Bleaching  of 
wool,  2  b  ;  of  silk,  705, 1  ab;  of  straw,  1  c; 
of  wax,  2  b;  of  liquids,  2  be;  of  cotton 
(“American  bleaching”),  2  c.  Agency  of 
ozone  in  bleaching,  XII.  777,  2  a. 

Bleaching  Powdee,  II.  706. 

Bledow,  Ludwig  [bla'-do],  German  chess  play¬ 
er,  II.  707. 

Bledsoe,  county,  II.  708. 

Bledsoe,  Albert  Taylor,  American  author  and 
instructor,  II.  708.  (Died  1877.) 

“  Bleeders :  ”  see  H^emoebhage,  VIII.  374, 1  ab. 

Bleeding  heart ,  plant,  VI.  87,  1  c. 

Bleek,  Friedrich  [blaik],  German  theologian, 
II.  708.  Wilhelm  Heinrich  Immanuel,  phi¬ 
lologist,  1  c. 

Bleibteeu,  Georg  [blipe'-troi],  German  paint¬ 
er,  II.  708. 

Blemmyes :  see  Blemyes. 

Blemyes,  or  Blemmyes  [blem'-me-eez],  ancient 
African  race,  II.  708. 

Blende,  ore  of  zinc,  II.  708. 

Blenheim  [Eng.  blen'-im  ;  Ger.  blen'-hime], 
village  of  Bavaria,  II.  709.  Battle  of,  ib ., 
and  X.  357,  1  b.  Blenheim  park  and  house, 
II.  709,  1  c  (ill.). 

Blenneehas'sett,  Harman,  victim  of  Aaron 
Burr’s  conspiracy,  II.  709.  His  wife,  author 
of  poems,  710,  1  b.  Joseph  Lewis,  lawyer, 
1  be. 

Blen'nius  (ichthyology),  II.  710.  B.  ocellaris, 

1  c  (ill.).  B.  serpentinus,  2  a. 

Blenny,  fish,  II.  710.  Eyed  blenny,  1  c  (ill.). 
Eel-shaped  blenny,  X.  506,  2  b. 

Blepharoplasty,  surgical  operation,  II.  156,  2  b. 

BLfiEfi  [bla-ra],  town  of  France,  II.  710. 

Bleschamp ,  Marie  Alexandrine  Charlotte  Lou¬ 
ise  Laurence  de  [bla-shang],  (Mme.  Jouber- 
thon),  second  wife  of  Lucien  Bonaparte,  III. 
34,  2  c. 

Blessington,  Margaret,  countess  of,  II.  711. 

Bletting ,  in  decay  of  fruit,  XI.  356,  1  a. 

Blewjields  :  see  Bluefields. 

BnicnEE,  Steen  Steensen  [ble'-cher],  Danish 
author,  II.  711. 

Blick  silver ,  X.  260,  2  ab. 

Blida :  see  Blidah. 

Blidah  [ble'-da],  town  of  Algeria,  II.  711. 

BniGn,  William  [bli],  English  navigator,  II. 
711.  Mutiny  of  his  crew,  712,  1  a.  Gives 
his  name  to  the  Feejee  islands,  VII.  113, 

2  a. 

Blight  (mildew),  XI.  535,  1  a ;  XIII.  212,  2  ab. 


Blind,  the,  II.  712.  Causes  of  blindness,  1  c. 
Proportion  of  blind  as  to  age  and  sex,  713, 

1  a.  Number,  and  proportion  to  population, 

2  b.  Classified  table  of  blind  in  the  United 
States,  714.  Care  and  education  of  the 
blind,  715,  1  a.  Institutions  in  Great  Brit¬ 
ain  and  Ireland,  2  c ;  on  the  continent,  716, 
2  ab  ;  in  Brazil  and  Turkey,  717,  2  c  ;  in  the 
United  States,  718,  1  a.  Printing  for  the 
blind,  719,  1  b.  Alphabets,  2  a,  ff.  (ills.). 
Comparative  value  of  sight  and  hearing, 
721,  2  b.  Eminent  blind  persons,  721 
(table),  722,  1  ab. 

Blind,  Karl  [blint],  German  political  agitator, 
II.  722. 

“  Blind  as  a  bat”  ground  for  this  saying,  II. 
377,  1  b. 

Blind  Fish,  II.  722  (ill.).  Cuban  blind  fishes, 
723,  1  b.  Eye  of,  ib .,  and  VII.  48,  2  ab. 
See  Amblyopsis  (Index). 

Blind  gut  (anatomy),  III.  539,  1  c. 

Blindheim  [blint'-hime] :  see  Blenheim. 

Blind  traveller ,  the :  see  Holman,  James. 
Blindwoem,  reptile,  II.  723  (ill.). 

Blistee,  II.  724. 

Blizzard:  see  Wind,  XVI.  659,  2  ab. 

Bloaters :  see  Heeeing,  VIII.  698,  1  c. 

Bloch,  Markus  Elieser  [blokh],  German  natu¬ 
ralist,  II.  724.  His  “Natural  History  of 
Fishes,”  IX.  159,  2  c. 

Block,  Maurice,  French  political  economist, 
II.  724. 

Blockade',  II.  724;  X.  228,  2  be;  XII.  261, 
2  a ;  XV.  26,  2’  b.  Napoleon’s  paper  block¬ 
ade  of  the  British  ports,  and  England’s  re¬ 
taliation  in  kind,  II.  725,  1  b.  Blockade  of 
the  southern  ports  by  the  United  States, 
1  c. 

Block  book :  see  Peinting,  XIII.  846,  1  b. 
Blocking:  see  Pianofoete,  XIII.  491,  1  a. 
Block  Island,  II.  725;  XIV.  291,  2  b. 
Blocksberg  (Brocken),  VIII.  493,  2  c. 

Blocs  erratiques  (bowlders),  III.  167,  1  a. 
Blodget,  Lorin,  American  physicist,  II.  725. 
Blodget,  Samuel,  American  inventor,  II.  726. 
Bloemaeet,  Abraham  [bloo'-mart],  Dutch 
painter,  II.  726.  Cornelis  and  Adrian,  en¬ 
gravers,  1  a. 

Bloemen,  Jan  Frans  van  [bloo'-men],  Flemish 
painter,  II.  726.  Peter  van,  painter,  2  b. 
Bloemfontein  [bloom'-fon-tine],  town  of  S. 
Africa,  II.  726. 

Blois  [bl’wa],  city  of  France,  II.  726.  Castle 
of,  727,  1  a  (ill.,  726). 


BLOIS 


BLttOHER 


107 


Blois,  Mile,  de ,  daughter  of  Louis  XIV.,  V. 
287,  2  c;  X.  213,  2  be. 

Blomfield,  Charles  James  [blum'-feeld],  Eng¬ 
lish  clergyman  and  scholar,  II.  727. 

Blommaert,  Philip  [blom'-mart],  Flemish  wri¬ 
ter,  II.  727. 

Blond,  Jacques  Christophe  le  [lull  blong],  re¬ 
puted  inventor  of  printing  in  colors,  II.  727. 

Blondel  [blong-del],  French  trouvere,  II.  727. 

Blondel ,  David ,  on  Pope  Joan,  IX.  641,  2  a. 

Blood,  II.  728.  Physical  qualities,  1  a.  Quan¬ 
tity  in  the  human  body,  1  b.  Composition, 
729,  1  a ;  changes  in,  730,  1  c.  Microscopi¬ 
cal  study  of  the  blood,  2  a ;  red  corpuscles, 
2  ab  ;  white  corpuscles,  731, 1  b  ;  molecular 
elements,  2  ab  ;  pigment,  2  b  ;  crystals,  2  c  ; 
coagulated  fibrine,  ib.  Coagulation  of  the 
blood,  732,  1  b,  ff.  Formation,  735,  1  be. 
Uses,  736,  1  ab. — The  red  globules  dis¬ 
covered  by  Leeuwenhoek,  X.  314,  1  a;  ca¬ 
pillary  circulation  by  Malpighi,  XI.  68,  1  c ; 
method  of  circulation  divined  by  Servetus, 
XIV.  780, 1  ab.  See  Circulation,  Harvey, 
Artery,  Heart,  and  Veins. — The  blood  in 
hibernation,  VIII.  712,  2  b ;  in  inflamma¬ 
tion,  IX.  277,  1  a ;  how  affected  by  respira¬ 
tion,  XIV.  278,  1  c.  See  Transfusion  of 
Blood. 

Blood ,  corruption  of  (legal),  II.  91,  1  c,  2  a 
and  c. 

Blood,  Col.  Thomas,  Irish  adventurer,  II.  736. 

Bloodhound,  II.  736  (ill.);  IX.  11,  2  ab. 

Bloodletting,  II.  737.  Instances  of,  735,  2  a. 

Blood  Money,  II.  738. 

Blood  Rain,  II.  738  (ill.). 

Bloodroot,  plant,  II.  738 ;  ill.,  739. 

Blood  snow ,  II.  738,  2  b. 

Blood  Stains,  in  medical  jurisprudence,  II. 
739. 

Bloodstone,  variety  of  quartz,  II.  741 ;  IX. 
570,  2  b. 

Blood-striking :  see  Murrain,  XII.  60,  2  c. 

Bloody  articles :  see  Reformation,  XIV.  249, 
2  a. 

Bloom ,  crude  malleable  iron,  II.  741,  2  a. 

Bloom'ary  (furnace),  II.  741.  East  Indian, 
2  ab.  Corsican,  2  c.  Catalan,  ib.  German, 
742, 1  c.  In  the  United  States,  2  b.  Bloom¬ 
ary  fire,  ib.  Bloomary  hearths,  743,  1  b. 
Blast,  1  c ;  hot  blast,  ib.  Reduction  of  ores 
by  carbonic  oxide,  2  b.  Sinking  fire,  2  c. 
Lancashire  hearth,  ib. 

Bloomfield,  county  seats,  V.  710,  1  be;  VIII. 

228,  2  a. 


Bloomfield,  Robert,  English  poet,  II.  744. 

Bloomfield,  Samuel  Thomas,  D.  D.,  English 
scholar  and  critic,  II.  744. 

Bloomingdaie  asylum  for  the  insane ,  XII.  398, 
1  ab. 

Bloomington,  village  of  Indiana,  II.  744. 

Bloomington,  city  of  Illinois,  IU744. 

Bloomington,  county  seat  (now  Macon  City), 
X.  803,  2  c. 

Blooming  train ,  American:  see  Steel,  XV. 
362,  1  a. 

Bloomsburg,  county  seat,  116,  2  b. 

Blossom  rock,  harbor  of  San  Francisco,  re¬ 
moval  of,  II.  701,  2  a ;  ills.,  702. 

Blount  [blunt],  two  counties,  II.  744. 

Blount,  Charles,  English  deistical  writer,  II. 
744.  Sir  Henry,  traveller,  745,  1  b.  Sir 
Thomas  Pope,  author,  ib. 

Blount ,  Teresa  and  Martha ,  friends  of  Alexan¬ 
der  Pope,  XIII.  708,  2  ab. 

Blount,  Thomas,  English  writer,  II.  745. 

Blount,  "William,  American  politician,  II.  745. 

Blountsville,  county  seat,  II.  744,  2  b. 

Blow ,  in  pugilism,  varieties  of,  XIV.  76, 1  a,  ff. 

Blow,  John,  English  composer,  II.  745. 

Blowers,  in  coal  mines,  X.  130,  2  c. 

Blow-hole,  in  the  whale,  XVI.  579,  2  b. 

Blowing  cave,  Virginia,  XVI.  375,  1  c. 

Blowing  engines,  in  a  blast  furnace,  IX.  394, 1  a. 

Blowing  Machines,  II.  745.  Blowing  cylin¬ 
ders,  1  b  and  c.  Water  blowing  machine, 

1  b,  and  746,  2  b  (see  I.  116,  2  c;  XIII.  629, 

2  be).  Fan  blower,  746,  1  be. 

Blowpipe,  II.  747.  Cupellation  by,  2  a ;  anal¬ 
ysis,  2  b.  Form  of,  748,  1  c.  Quick’s  gas 
blowpipe,  2  a.  Automatic  blowpipes,  ib. 
Treatises  on,  2  ab.  Compound  or  oxyhy- 
drogen  blowpipe,  749,  1  a  (see  Hare,  Rob¬ 
ert,  VIII.  458,  2  a).  Apparatus  of  the  Drs. 
Roberts,  2  a. 

Blow-up  pans ,  in  sugar  refining,  XV.  447,  1  b. 

Blubber  of  the  whale,  XVI.  579,  2  c,  581,  2  b ; 
of  the  narwhal,  XII.  148,  2  b. 

Blucher,  Gebhard  Leberecht  von  [blu/-cher], 
Prussian  field  marshal,  II.  750.  Campaigns 
of  l793-’4  as  a  cavalry  officer,  2  a;  of  1805 
-’6,  2  b ;  discharge  from  service,  2  c.  Cam¬ 
paign  of  1813  as  commander  of  the  Silesian 
army,  751,  1  a,  ff.  Campaign  of  1814  in 
France,  753, 1  b;  division  of  the  allied  army, 
754,  1  a ;  French  victories,  1  c,  ff. ;  retreat 
of  Schwarzenberg,  755,  1  ab ;  Bliicher’s 
march  on  Paris,  ib. ;  battle  of  Laon,  2  be ; 
retreat  of  Napoleon,  756,  1  ab;  battle  be- 


108 


BLUDOFF 


BOCA 


fore  Paris,  1  b.  Honors  to  Bliicher,  1  be. 
Campaign  of  1815,  1  c.  Personal  and  mili¬ 
tary  character,  2  ab. 

Bludoff,  Dmitri  Nikolayevitch,  count  [bloo'- 
dof],  Russian  statesman,  II.  75G. 

Blue,  primary  color,  II.  757. 

Blue,  Prussian :  see  Potassium,  XIII.  762,  2  c,  ff. 

Blue'back ,  fish,  VIII.  696,  2  c. 

Blue  leech  (hornbeam),  VIII.  819,  1  c. 

Blue'lell ,  plant,  IX.  100,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Bluelerry :  see  Bilberry,  and  Whortleberry, 
XVI.  613,  2  b. 

Bluebird,  II.  757  (ill.). 

Blue  lonnet ,  bird,  XV.  775,  1  c. 

Blue-bottle  fly ,  VII.  294,  2  b  (ill.) ;  VI:  697,  2  a. 

Blue  cap ,  bird,  XV.  775,  1  c. 

Blue  coat  school :  see  Christ’s  Hospital. 

Blue  Earth,  county,  II.  757. 

Blue  Earth  City ,  county  seat,  VII.  86,  2  be. 

Bluefields,  river  and  town  of  Nicaragua,  II. 
757. 

Bluefish,  II.  757 ;  ill.,  758. 

Blue-flag ,  plant,  IX.  364,  1  a. 

Blue  glass ,  use  of  in  optics,  IV.  767,  1  b. 

Blue  grass  (Kentucky),  VIII.  168, 1  ab  ;  ill.,  167. 

Blue  grass  region, of  Kentucky,  IX.  798,  1  ab; 
pastures,  VIII.  168,  1  b. 

Blue  grotto ,  in  Capri,  III.  760,  2  a. 

Blueing  of  Metals,  II.  758. 

Blue  John ,  mineral,  VII.  292,  1  ab. 

Blue  Laws,  II.  758.  The  existence  of  the 
“  blue  laws  ”  of  Connecticut  disproved,  2  c : 
see  V.  261,  2  b  (Connecticut). 

Blue  Lick  Springs,  village  of  Kentucky,  II. 
759. 

Blue  lights ,  in  pyrotechny,  XIV.  117,  2  c. 

Blue  Monday,  II.  759. 

Blue  Mountains,  of  Jamaica,  II.  759,  1  c;  of 
New  South  Wales,  2  a ;  of  the  United  States : 
see  Kittatinny. 

Blue  pill ,  composition  of,  XI.  402,  2  c ;  effects 
of,  403,  1  a. 

Blue-pots  (crucibles),  V.  525,  2  a. 

Blue  Ridge,  mountain  range,  II.  759  ;  XVI. 
373,  2  a. 

Blue  River,  Indiana,  II.  759. 

Blue  spar :  see  Lapis  Lazuli. 

Blue-stocking ,  bird,  II.  163,  2  c. 

Blue  Stockings,  a  designation  of  learned 
women  and  clubs,  II.  759. 

Blue-tangle ,  kind  of  whortleberry, XVI.  613, 1  c. 

Bluet  d’Arberes,  Bernard  [blii-a  dar-bair], 
French  professional  fool,  II.  759. 

Blue  vats ,  in  dyeing,  VI.  341,  1  c. 


Blue  Vitriol:  see  Copper,  V.  319,  1  a. 

Bluffton ,  county  seat,  XVI.  550,  2  c. 

Blum,  Robert  [bloom],  German  revolutionist, 
II.  760. 

Blumenbach,  Johann  Friedrich  [bloo'-men- 
bakh],  German  naturalist,  II.  760.  His  eth¬ 
nological  division  of  mankind,  VI.  753,  2  be 
V.  193,  2  a. 

Blunderluss ,  musket,  XII.  100,  2  c. 

Blunt,  Edmund  March,  American  hydrogra- 
pher,  II.  761.  Edmund,  coast  surveyor,  1  c. 

Blunt,  John  James,  English  divine,  II.  761. 

Bluntschli,  Johann  Kaspar  [bloontsh'-le],  Ger¬ 
man  jurist  and  statesman,  II.  761. 

Blyden ,  E.  W.,  negro  scholar,  his  essay  on 
Liberia,  X.  399,  2  c. 

Blyth ,  Lieut.,  of  the  British  brig  Boxer,  III. 
477,  2  c. 

Bo'a,  genus  of  serpents,  II.  762.  B.  constric¬ 
tor,  2  c  (ill.,  763);  III.  225,  2  b.  See  Boidce 
(Index),  and  Anaconda,  I.  451,  2  b. 

Boaden,  James  [bo'-den],  English  dramatist 
and  biographer,  II.  763. 

Boadicea  [bo-a-di-se'-a],  British  queen,  II.  763. 

Boar,  II.  763.  Wild  boar,  764, 1  c  (ill.).  Boar 
hunting,  ib. ;  in  India,  2  b. 

Boardman,  George  Dana,  American  mission¬ 
ary,  II.  764.  George  Dana,  D.  D.,  his  son, 
765,  2  b. 

Boar  hound ,  II.  764,  2  b. 

Boar's  Pillar,  victories  of  Aristomenes  at,  I. 
704,  2  c. 

Boatbill,  bird,  II.  765  ;  ill.,  766. 

Boat  fly,  XVI.  499,  2  c  (Water  Bug). 

Boating :  see  Rowing. 

Boat  shell  (limpet),  X.  486,  2  be. 

Boatswain  bird  (tropic  bird),  XVI.  7,  1  a. 

Boat-tails,  birds,  VIII.  145,  1  b. 

Boat  town,  near  Canton,  China,  III.  728,  1  c. 

Boavis'ta,  island  of  Africa,  II.  766. 

Bobadil'la,  Francisco  de  [Sp.  bo-ba-^e'-lya], 
governor  of  Hispaniola,  II.  766. 

Bob'binet,  a  kind  of  lace,  X.  79,  2  b. 

Bo'boli  gardens ,  in  Florence,  VII.  276,  2  a. 

Bob'olink,  bird,  II.  766  (ill.). 

Bobruisk  [bo-broo-isk'J,  town  of  Russia,  II, 
767. 

Bobstay,  rope  in  a  ship,  XTV.  865,  2  a. 

Bob  White  (quail),  XIV.  125,  2  c;  ill.,  126. 

Bocage:  see  Bocoage,  M.  M.  B.  du. 

Bo'ca  Orande  [gran'-da] :  see  Charlotte  IIar° 
bor. 

Boca  Tigris  [te'-gris],  entrance  to  Canton  riv¬ 
er,  II.  767  (ill.) ;  HI.  731,  1  c. 


BOCCACCIO 


BOG 


109 


Boccaccio,  Giovanni  [bok-kat'-cho],  Italian 
novelist,  II.  767 ;  IX.  459,  1  c,  2  a. 

Bocca  di  Bonifacio :  see  Bonifacio. 

Boccage,  Manoel  Maria  Barbosa  du  [bok-ka/- 
zlia],  Portuguese  poet,  II.  769. 

Boccage,  Marie  Anne  Le  Page  [buk-kazh], 
French  poetess,  II.  769. 

Boccanera,  Simone  [bok-ka-na'-ra],  first  doge 
of  Genoa,  II.  769.  Gille,  admiral,  1  c. 

Boccasini,  Nicold  [bok-ka-ze'-ne],  (Pope  Bene¬ 
dict  XI.),  II.  518,  1  c. 

Boccherini,  Luigi  [bok-ka-re'-ne],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  II.  769. 

Bocchetta  [bok-ket'-ta],  pass  of  the,  I.  582, 1  ab. 

Boc'chus ,  king  of  Mauritania,  IX.  709,  1  a. 

Boccold ,  John:  see  John  of  Leyden. 

Boccone,  Paolo  [bok-ko'-na],  Sicilian  natural¬ 
ist,  II.  769. 

Bochart,  Samuel  [buh-shar],  French  oriental 

.  scholar,  II.  769. 

Bo'cher ,  Joan  (Joan  of  Kent),  burned  for  an 
unintelligible  heresy,  YI.  438,  2  a. 

Bochnia  [bokh'-nya],  town  of  Austria,  II.  769. 

Bocholt  [bo'-kholt],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  769. 

Bochsa,  Robert  Nicolas  Charles  [bok'-sa], 
harpist  and  composer,  II.  770. 

Bochum  [bo'-khoom],  town  of  Prussia,  II.  770. 

Bock,  Cornelius  Peter  [biik],  German  archae¬ 
ologist,  II.  770. 

Bock,  Franz,  German  theologian  and  archaeol¬ 
ogist,  II.  770. 

Bock,  Karl  August,  German  anatomist,  II.  770. 
Karl  Ernst,  anatomist  and  author,  2  b. 

Bockelson,  Johann:  see  John  of  Leyden. 

Bockenheim  [buk'-en-hime],  town  of  Prussia, 

II.  770. 

Bockh,  August,  German  philologist  and  anti¬ 
quary,  II.  770. 

Booking,  Eduard,  German  jurist,  II.  771. 

Bocklin,  Arnold,  Swiss  painter,  II.  771. 

Bocksberger  [buks'-pair-gher],  Hans  or  Hie¬ 
ronymus,  German  painter,  II.  771. 

Bocksbeutel  [buks'-boi-tel],  bottles  for  Stein 
wine,  VII.  775,  1  b. 

Bocksperger :  see  Bocksberger. 

Bode ,  valley  of,  in  the  Ilartz,  referred  to,  VIII. 
493,  2  c. 

Bode,  Johann  Elert  [bo'-deh],  German  astrono¬ 
mer,  II.  771.  Bode’s  law,  2  b ;  XIII.  569, 1  c. 

Bo'denstedt,  Friedrich  Martin,  German  au¬ 
thor,  II.  771. 

Bodhi ,  in  Buddhism,  III.  393,  2  b. 

Bodichon,  Eugene  [buh-de-sli6ng],  French  phy¬ 
sician,  II.  772.  Barbara  Leigh,  1  b. 


Bodin,  Jean  [biih-dang],  French  publicist,  II. 

772. 

Bodina ,  town,  YI.  402,  1  c. 

Bodlei'an  Library,  II.  772  (ill.). 

Bod'ley,  Sir  Thomas,  founder  of  the  Bodleian 
library,  II.  773. 

Bod'mer,  Georg,  Swiss  mechanic,  II.  773. 
Bodmer,  Johann  Jakob,  German  scholar  and 
literary  reformer,  II.  773. 

Bodmin,  town  of  England,  II.  773. 

Bodminian ,  a  mediaeval  name  of  Bodmin,  II. 

773,  2  b. 

Bodock ',  tree,  YIII.  604,  1  c ;  XII.  714,  2  a. 
Bodo'ni,  Giambattista,  Italian  printer,  II.  773. 
Body -color  painting,  XVI.  501,  1  ab. 

Boece  [boise] :  see  Boethius,  Hector. 

Boehm,  Jakob  [bom],  German  mystic,  II.  774. 
Boehme ,  Jakol)  [bo'-meh] :  see  Boehm. 
Boehme'ria  nive'a  (botany),  XIY.  194,  2  c;  ill., 
195. 

Boeijens  [bo-I'-yence],  family  name  of  Pope 
Adrian  YI.,  I.  131,  2  c. 

Bce'otarch ,  chief  magistrate  of  Boeotia,  II.  774, 
2  c. 

Bceotia  [be-o'-sha],  division  of  ancient  Greece, 

II.  774.  Boeotian  confederacy,  2  c.  Modern 
Boeotia,  775,  1  b. 

Boeotians ,  ancient  race,  II.  774,  2  c.  Their  pro* 
verbial  dulness,  775,  1  b. 

Boeotians  of  France ,  II.  157,  1  c  (Auvergne). 
Boerhaave,  Hermann  [bore'-hav ;  Dutch, 
boor'-ha-veh],  Dutch  physician,  II.  775.  His 
chemical  experiments,  IY.  360,  2  c.  Check 
given  by  him  to  the  study  of  comparative 
anatomy,  Y.  185,  2  ab.  His  theory  of  in¬ 
flammation,  IX.  275,  1  a. 

Boeroe  [Dutch,  boo-roo'] :  see  Booro. 

Boers  [boors],  Dutch  colonists  of  S.  Africa,  II. 
775.  Their  migrations,  776,  1  a.  Orange 
River  Republic,  2  b.  Transvaal  Republic, 
777,  1  a. 

Boethius,  Anicius  Manlius  Torquatus  Severi¬ 
nus  [bo-e'-the-us],  Roman  philosopher,  II. 
777.  His  supposed  indebtedness  to  Capella, 

III.  749,  1  c. 

Boethius,  Hector,  Scottish  historian,  II.  778. 
BoAtie,  Etienne  de  la  [la  bo-a-se],  French  au¬ 
thor,  II.  778. 

Bcenf  gras  [buf  gra],  procession  of,  in  Paris, 
IY.  9,  2  c. 

Bog,  II.  778.  Timber  raised  from  bogs,  2  a. 
Peat  marsh  of  Montoire,  France,  2  c.  Bogs 
of  Ireland,  ib.  Chatmoss,  England,  779, 1  b. 
American  bogs,  1  be. 


no 


BOG 


BOISE 


Bog,  river :  see  Bug. 

Bogar'dus,  Everardus,  Dutch-Ainerican  cler¬ 
gyman,  II.  780. 

Bogardus,  James,  American  inventor,  II.  780. 

His  dry  meter,  VII.  639,  1  a.  (Died  1874.) 
Bogardus  Corners ,  a  former  name  of  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  XV.  644,  2  a. 

Bog-bumper ,  bird,  II.  670,  2  a. 

Bogdano'vitch,  Ippolit  Fedorovitch,  Russian 
poet,  II.  781. 

Bog  do  lama ,  X.  116,  1  a  (Lamaism). 

Boggs,  Charles  Stuart,  American  naval  officer, 
II.  781. 

Boghead  cannel ,  IX.  812,  2  ab. 

Bogie  [bo'-ghe],  in  railroad  carriages,  XIV.  172, 

1  c;  173,  1  c;  181,  2  a;  XV.  338,  2  a. 
Bogies ,  in  coal  mining,  V.  66,  1  ab. 

Boglipoor',  district  of  Bengal,  II.  781.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  a. 

Bogodukhov',  town  of  Russia,  II.  781. 
Bogomiles,  religious  sect :  see  Basil,  a  Bulga¬ 
rian  physician,  II.  361 ;  VIII.  55,  1  a;  XIII. 
178,  1  a. 

Bog  Ore,  iron,  II.  779 ;  I.  339,  2  c  ;  IX.  408, 1  a. 
Bogota,  Santa  Fe  de  [san-ta  fa  da  bo-go-ta'], 
capital  of  Colombia,  II.  781 ;  view,  782. 
Plain  of  Bogota,  2  b.  History,  783,  1  b. 
Bogue,  David  [boag],  Scottish  preacher  and  au¬ 
thor,  II.  783. 

Bogue ,  the :  see  Booa  Tigris. 

Boguslawski,  Adalbert  [bo-goo-slav'-ske],  Po¬ 
lish  actor  and  dramatist,  II.  783. 

Bohaddin:  see  Boha-Eddin. 

Boha-Eddin,  Abul-Mohassen  Yusuf  ibn  She- 
dad  [bo'-ha-ed-deen'],  Arabian  historian,  II. 

783. 

Bohea:  see  Tea,  XV.  600,  2  a. 

Boheim ,  Hans  [bo'-hime] :  see  Peasants’  "War, 
XIII.  215,  1  b. 

Bohe'mia,  division  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy,  II.  783.  Mountains,  2  c.  Rivers, 

784,  1  c.  Geology,  2  a.  Climate  and  soil, 

2  b.  Industry,  2  c.  Inhabitants,  785,  1  c. 
Government,  2  b.  History,  2  c. 

Bohemian  Brethren,  II.  786.  See  Augusta, 
John,  II.  110,  2  c;  Lissa,  X.  522,  2  b. 
Bohemian  Language  and  Literature,  II.  787. 
Bohemian  peasants  (ill.),  II.  784,  1  a. 
Bo'hemond,  Marc,  Norman  crusader,  II.  790 ; 
I.  293,  2  a  and  b. 

Bohlen,  Peter  von  [bo'-len],  German  oriental¬ 
ist,  II.  790. 

Bohl  Faber,  Cecilia  [bol  fa'-ber],  Spanish  au¬ 
thoress,  II.  790.  (Died  1877.) 


Bohl  von  Faber ,  Nikolas ,  Spanish  author,  II. 
790,  1  b. 

Bbhm,  Jakob :  see  Boehm. 

Bohm,  Theobald,  German  flutist,  II.  790. 

Bohn,  Henry  George  [bone],  English  publisher, 
II.  790. 

Bohol  [bo-ole'],  island,  Philippines,  II.  790. 

Bohtlingk,  Otto  [bot'-link],  Russian  oriental-1 
ist,  II.  791. 

Bo'hun,  Edmund,  English  writer,  II.  791. 

Boiar :  see  Boyar. 

Boiardo,  Matteo  Maria  [bo-yar'-do],  Italian 
poet,  II.  791 ;  IX.  460,  2  c. 

Bo' idee,  family  of  serpents,  II.  762, 1  a.  Gene¬ 
ra  :  python,  1  c  (ill.) ;  hortulia,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
boa,  2  c  (ill.,  763) ;  eunectes,  ib.  Character 
and  habits,  ib.,  ff. 

Boieldieu,  Francois  Adrien  [bo-yel-dyiih], 
French  composer,  II.  791. 

Bon  [bo'-yi],  Celtic  people,  II.  791.  In  Bava¬ 
ria,  401,  2  c;  in  Bohemia,  785,  2  c. 

Boil,  inflamed  tumor,  II.  792. 

Boileau-DesprJEsaux,  Nicolas  [b  wa-lo-da-pra-o], 
French  poet  and  critic,  II.  792. 

Boiled  oil,  X.  513,  1  c. 

Boiler :  see  Steam  Boiler. 

Boiling,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX.  400,  1  b. 

Boiling  lake,  II.  230,  2  a. 

Boiling  Point,  II.  793.  Method  for  ascertain¬ 
ing  the  boiling  points  of  liquids,  2  c  (ill., 
794).  Experiments  on  the  boiling  point  of 
water,  794,  1  a  (ills.).  Probable  cause  of 
steam-boiler  explosions,  795,  2  c.  Tables 
of  boiling  points,  793,  2  b,  796.  Variation 
of  temperature  of  boiling  point,  XV.  326, 
2  b. 

Boiling-point  barometer ,  II.  329,  1  c. 

Boiling  springs :  see  Geysers. 

Bois,  John :  see  Boyse. 

Boisard,  Jean  Jacques  Francois  Marie  [bwa- 
zar],  French  fabulist,  II.  796.  Jacques  Fran¬ 
cois,  1  c. 

Bois  Fare  [Fr.  bwa  dark ;  Eng.  bo  dark],  VIII. 
604,  1  c ;  XII.  714,  2  a. 

Bois  de  Boulogne  [bwa  dub  boo-lony’],  park  of 
Paris,  III.  154,  1  ab ;  XIII.  81, 1  b ;  97, 1  c ; 

99,  2  c;  map  of,  100.  Avenue,  81,  1  b  ; 

100,  2  c. 

Bois  de  Rhodes  [rode],  source  of  oil  of  rose¬ 
wood,  XIV.  441,  1  b. 

Bois  de  vache  [vash],  dried  ordure  for  fuel,  II. 
668,  1  c. 

Boise  [boi'-za],  county,  II.  796. 

Boise  City,  capital  of  Idaho,  II.  796. 


BOISE 


BOLSWARD 


111 


Boise  Shoshones ,  American  Indians,  IX.  166, 

1  be. 

Bois  Franc  [Fr.  bwa  fran&],  a  forest  in  Minne¬ 
sota,  XI.  604,  2  c. 

Bois-le-Duo  [bwa-liik-duk],  city  of  Holland, 
II.  797. 

Boissieu,  Jean  Jacques  de  [bwa-se-iih],  French 
engraver,  II.  797. 

Boissy,  Hilaire  Etienne  Octave  Rouille,  mar¬ 
quis  de  [bwa-se],  French  politician,  II.  797. 
Boissy  d’Anglas,  Francois  Antoine  de  [dang- 
gla],  French  statesman,  II.  797. 

Boiste,  Pierre  Claude  Yictoire  [bwast],  French 
lexicographer,  II.  797. 

Boivin,  Marie  Anne  Yictoire  Gillain  [bwa- 
va115],  French  midwife,  II.  797. 

Bojador',  Cape,  Africa,  II.  798. 

Bojardo  [bo-yar'-do] :  see  Boiaedo. 

Boker,  George  Henry,  American  dramatist 
and  poet,  II.  798. 

Bokhara  [bo-k’ha'-ra],  khanate  of  Turkistan, 

II.  798.  Description,  1  c.  Productions,  2  c. 
Inhabitants,  799,  1  a  (ill.,  798).  Trade,  1  b. 
Government,  1  c.  History,  2  a.  Capital 
city,  800,  1  be. 

Bolcoi ,  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Bol,  Ferdinand,  Dutch  painter,  II.  800. 

Bolan  Pass  [bo-ldn'],  Beloochistan,  III.  5  (ill.). 
River,  1  c. 

Bo'las,  South  American  weapon,  III.  5. 
Bolbeo,  town  of  France,  III.  5. 

Boldon  BooJc,  survey  of  Durham,  Eng.,  YI. 
198,  2  b. 

Bole,  mineral,  III.  5. 

Bole'rium  Promonto'rium :  see  Land’s  End. 
Bole'ti ,  fungi,  colors  of,  YII.  529,  1  c ;  531, 

2  b. 

Bole'tus  edu'lis ,  fungus,  YII.  530, 1  c  (ill.,  531). 
Boleyn,  Anne :  see  Anne  Boleyn. 

Bolgrad',  town  of  Roumania,  III.  6. 

Bolides  [bo'-le-deez] :  see  Bolis  (Index). 
Bolingbroke,  Henry  St.  John,  viscount  [bol'- 
ing-brook],  English  statesman  and  author, 

III.  6. 

Bolintineano^  Demeter  [bo-lin-te-na-d'-no], 
Roumanian  poet,  III.  6. 

Bo'lis ,  meteoric  fire  ball,  XI.  429,  2  c. 
Bol'ivar,  county,  III.  7. 

Bolivar ,  county  seats,  YIII.  452,  1  a ;  XIII. 
680,  1  a. 

Bolivar  y  Ponte,  Simon  [Sp.  bo-le'-var  e  pone'- 
taj,  liberator  of  Colombia,  III.  7.  Self-pro¬ 
claimed  dictator  at  Caracas,  2  b.  Command¬ 
er-in-chief  of  Yenezuela  and  Xew  Granada, 


8,  1  b.  Chief  executive  of  Yenezuela,  2  ab. 
President  of  Colombia,  9,  1  ab.  Dictator  of 
Peru,  1  c.  Perpetual  protector  of  Bolivia, 
2  a.  Reelected  president  of  Colombia,  2  b. 
Compelled  to  resign,  10,  1  a.  Ilis  charac¬ 
ter,  ih. 

Boliv'ia,  republic  of  South  America,  III.  10. 
Map,  11.  Bolivian  Indians,  10,  2  a.  Coast, 
12,  1  a.  Surface,  1  c.  Lakes,  2  c.  Rivers, 
13, 1  b.  Geology,  2  a.  Minerals,  2  b.  Cli¬ 
mate  and  diseases,  14,  1  a.  Productions, 
1  b.  Fauna,  2  b.  Intercommunication,  1  c. 
Manufactures,  15, 1  b.  Commerce,  ib.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  1  c.  Finances,  2  a.  Education 
and  religion,  2  b.  History,  ib. 

Bolkiiov',  town  of  Russia,  III.  16. 

Bol'lan,  William,  English  lawyer,  III.  16. 

Borland,  John,  learned  Jesuit,  III.  16.  Ori¬ 
ginator  of  the  Acta  Sanctorum ,  2  be. 

Bollandists ,  III.  16,  2  c;  I.  74,  1  c. 

Bollan'dus :  see  Bolland. 

Bollinger  [bol'-lin-jer],  county,  III.  17. 

Bollulos  del  Condado  [bo-lyoo'-loce  ZAail 
kone-£M'-£/io],  town  of  Spain,  III.  17. 

Bollmann,  Eric  [btil'-man],  German  physician 
and  politician,  III.  17. 

Boll  worm  [bole]:  see  Cotton  Worm,  Y.  420, 
1  c,  and  Maize,  XI.  45,  1  b. 

Bologna  [bo-lo'-nya],  province  of  Italy,  III. 
17.  Capital  city,  2  b.  Leaning  towers,  2  c 
(ill.,  18).  University,  18,  2  a;  YI.  412,  2  c; 
XYI.  210, 1  c.  Fountain,  III.  17,  2c;  19,  2  b. 
History,  19,  1  c.  Campo  santo,  IY.  187,  2  c. 

Bologna,  Giovanni  da,  Italian  sculptor  and 
architect,  III.  19. 

Bologna  phials ,  I.  532,  1  b  and  c. 

Bologna  phosphorescing  stone ,  II.  312,  2  c  ;  III. 
17,  2  b. 

Bolognese  school  of  painting :  see  Carracci. 

Bolognetti  palace  [bo-lo-nyet'-te],  Rome,  YII. 
305,  1  a. 

Bolonchen  [bo-lone-chain'],  village  of  Yuca¬ 
tan,  III.  19. 

Bolonia:  see  Boulogne,  III.  153,  2  a. 

Bolor  Tagh  [bo-lor'  tag],  mountains  of  central 
Asia,  III.  19. 

Bolsec ,  an  opponent  of  Calvin,  III.  634,  2  c. 

Bolsena  [bole-sa'-na],  town  of  Italy,  III.  20 
(ill.).  Lake  of,  1  b. 

Bolshoi ,  name  of  a  Russian  bell,  II.  496,  1  a ; 
ill.,  497. 

Bolson  de  Mapimi  [bole-sone'  dd  md-pe'-me], 
plain  in  Mexico,  IY.  725,  1  b. 

Bolsward  [bol'-swdrt] :  see  Bolswert. 


112 


BOLSWERT 


BONAPARTE 


Bolswert,  Boetius  Adam  [bol -swairt],  Dutch 
engraver,  III.  20.  Scheltius,  engraver,  1  c. 
Bolt,  in  a  flour  mill,  XVI.  588,  1  c. 

Bolt ,  in  the  foot  of  the  horse,  VIII.  826,  1  c. 
Bolting  cloth ,  XVI.  588,  1  c. 

Bolton  [bole'-tun],  town  of  England,  III.  20. 
Bolton-le- Moors :  see  Bolton. 

Bolt  rope ,  of  a  sail,  XIV.  866,  1  a. 

Bolzano,  Bernhard  [bole-tsa'-no],  German  phi¬ 
losopher  and  theologian,  III.  20. 

Bomarsund  [bo'-mar-soond],  channel,  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  III.  20.  Port  of,  I.  237,  1  b. 

Bomb  [bum],  submarine,  employed  by  Fulton, 
VII.  535,  2  b. 

Bomba ,  sobriquet  of  Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples, 
VII.  135,  1  a. 

Bombard  [bum'- bard],  mediaeval  cannon,  I. 

785,  1  b  (ill.),  2  be ;  III.  706,  2  ab. 

Bombard ,  or  bombardelle,  first  portable  fire¬ 
arm,  XII.  96,  2  b  (ill.). 

Bombardatore  [bom-bar-da-to'-ra],  sobriquet  of 
Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples,  VII.  135,  1  a. 
Bombardier  beetle  [bum-bar-deer'],  insect,  II. 

476,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Bombard'  ment,  XV.  26,  2  b. 

Bornbax ,  tree,  referred  to,  VII.  148,  2  c. 
Bombay',  province  of  British  India,  III.  20. 
Capital  city,  22,  1  ab;  view,  21.  Harbor, 
22,  2  a. 

Bombay  hemp ,  VIII.  633,  2  b. 

Bombel'li,  Raffaello,  Bolognese  mathematician, 

III.  23. 

Bomberg,  Daniel  [bom'-bairg],  Dutch  printer, 
III.  23.  His  editions  of  the  Hebrew  Bible, 
II.  610,  2  b,  c. 

Bombet ,  Alexandre  Cesar  or  L.  A.  C.  [bong-ba], 
a  name  assumed  by  Beyle,  II.  601,  2  ab  ;  IV. 
17,  2  a. 

Bombus  (entomology),  II.  457,  1  c.  B.  terres- 
tris,  2  c  (ill.).  B.  muscorum,  458,  1  ab.  B. 
lapidarius,  458,  1  b. 

Bombyces  [bom'-be-seez],  moths,  XI.  867,  2  c. 
Bombycil'la  (ornithology),  XVI.  517,  1  c.  B. 

cedrorum,  IV.  166,  1  c. 

Bombyl'ius  cequa'lis  (entomology),  VI.  129,  2  b. 
Bombyx  (entomology),  XI.  868,  1  a ;  XV.  43, 
1  c.  B.  mori,  XV.  43,  1  c  (ills.). 

Bomerang :  see  Boomerang. 

Bomjim  [bong-feeng/],  a  Portuguese  insurrection¬ 
ist,  I.  343,  2  a. 

Bomford,  Col.,  inventor  of  the  columbiad,  I. 
790,  2  a. 

Bom  Jesus  [bong  zha'-zoos],  chapel  of,  at  Braga, 
Portugal,  III.  183,  1  ab. 


Bona,  seaport  of  Algeria,  III.  23  (ill.). 

Bona,  Giovanni,  Roman  cardinal,  III.  23. 

Bona  Dea,  Roman  divinity,  III.  23.  Festival 
of,  2  be. 

Bona  and  mala  species ,  Haeckel’s  theory  of, 
VIII.  372,  2  c,  and  373,  1  a.  See  371,  2  c. 

Bonacca,  island  in  Honduras  bay,  III.  23. 

Bonacci  [bo-nat'-che] :  see  Leonardo  da  Pisa. 

Bonaccio  [bo-nat'-cho] :  see  Leonardo  da  Pisa. 

Bonald,  Louis  Gabriel  Ambroise,  viscount  de 
[buh-nald],  French  political  writer,  III.  24. 
Louis  Jacques  Maurice,  cardinal,  1  c. 

Bonaire  [bo-nair] :  see  Buen  Ayre. 

Bo'naparte,  or  Buonaparte  [Fr.  bo-na-part; 
Ital.  boo-o-na-par'-ta],  family  of,  III.  24. 

Bonaparte,  Carlo  Maria,  father  of  Napoleon 
I.,  III.  24.  Maria  Letizia  (Madame  Lsetitia), 
mother  of  Napoleon  I.,  25, 1  b.  Marie  Anne 
Elisa  Bacciochi,  princess  of  Piombino  and 
Lucca,  and  grand  duchess  of  Tuscany,  2  b. 
Marie  Pauline,  Princess  Borghese  and  duch¬ 
ess  of  Guastalla,  2  c.  Caroline  Marie  An- 
nonciade,  queen  of  Naples,  26,  1  c. 

Bonaparte,  Jerome,  king  of  Westphalia,  III. 
26.  His  marriage  in  Baltimore,  2  c.  Sepa¬ 
rated  from  his  wife,  27,  1  a.  His  naval  and 
military  services,  1  b,  2  a,  b.  Made  king 
and  remarried,  1  c.  An  exile,  2  b.  Re¬ 
stored  to  France,  28,  1  a.  Mme.  Patterson, 
his  first  wife,  1  ab. — Jerome  Napoleon,  King 
Jerome’s  son  by  Mme.  Patterson,  28,  1  b. 
Jerome  Napoleon,  his  son,  1  c.  Jerome 
NapoKon,  second  son  of  King  Jerome,  2  a. 
Napoleon  Joseph  Charles  Paul  (Prince  Na¬ 
poleon),  ib.  Mathilde  Lsetitia  Wilhelmine 
(Princess  Mathilde),  29,  2  b;  V.  792,  1  a. 

Bonaparte,  Joseph,  king  of  Naples  and  of 
Spain,  III.  29.  His  services  to  Napoleon, 
30,  1  be.  Made  king  of  Naples,  2  a;  of 
Spain,  2  b.  Expelled,  2  c.  In  the  United 
States,  31,  1  ab.  His  correspondence  with 
Napoleon,  2  a. — Zenaide  Charlotte  Julie, 
2b;  35,  1  a,  c.  Charlotte,  31,  2  b. 

Bonaparte,  Louis,  king  of  Holland,  III.  31. 
His  unhappy  marriage,  2  c.  Jlade  king,  ib. 
His  resistance  to  Napoleon,  32,  1  a.  Com¬ 
pelled  to  abdicate,  1  c.  His  works,  33,  1  a 
— NapoKon  Louis,  1  b. 

Bonaparte,  Lucien,  prince  of  Canino,  III.  33. 
Legislator,  minister,  and  diplomatist,  2  b,  c. 
(See  Brumaire.)  Self-exiled,  34, 1  ab.  His 
generosity  to  Napoleon,  1  c;  to  B6ranger, 
2  ab.  His  works,  2  b.  His  wives  and  daugh¬ 
ters,  2  be. — Charles  Lucien  Jules  Laurent, 


BONAPARTE 


BOND 


113 


prince  of  Canino  and  Musignano,  naturalist, 
35,  1  a.  His  classification  of  fishes,  IX.  161, 

1  a;  of  mammals,  XI.  81, '2  b  ;  of  birds,  XII. 
704,  2  a,  708,  1  c.  Ilis  “American  Ornithol¬ 
ogy,”  III.  35,  1  c,  and  XVI.  650,  2  b.  His 
wife,  Zenaide,  III.  35, 1  a,  c;  daughters,  2  a; 
sons,  Joseph  Lucien  Charles  Napoleon,  Lu- 
cien  Louis  Joseph  Napoleon,  Napol6on  Gr6- 
goire  Jacques  Philippe,  2  ah. — Louis  Lucien, 
philologist  and  chemist,  35,  2  b.  His  version 
of  the  parable  of  the  sower  in  72  dialects,  ib ., 
and  I.  245,  1  b.  On  the  Basque  language, 
III.  33,  2  c,  and  II.  367,  2  b. — Pierre  Napo¬ 
leon  (Prince  Pierre),  III.  35,  2  c.  His  as¬ 
sassination  of  Victor  Noir,  36,  1  b,  53,  2  a; 
XII.  473,  2  ab. — Antoine,  fourth  son  of  Lu¬ 
cien,  III.  36,  1  c. 

Bonaparte,  Napoleon,  first  emperor  of  France, 
III.  36.  His  birthplace,  I.  224,  2  c  (ill.). 
His  education  and  early  fortunes,  III.  36, 

2  a,  If.  Siege  of  Toulon,  37,  2  be.  Com¬ 
mander-in-chief  of  the  army  of  the  interior, 
38,  2  a.  Marriage  with  Josephine  Beauhar- 
nais,  2  ab.  Italian  campaigns,  38,  2  b,  If. 
(see  IX.  451,  1  ab).  Expedition  to  Egypt 
and  Syria,  39,  2  c.  First  consul  of  the  re¬ 
public,  40,  1  c  (see  Brumaiee).  Internal  ad¬ 
ministration,  2  a,  41,  1  b.  Battle  of  Maren¬ 
go,  40,  2  b.  Pacification  of  Europe,  ib.  His 
treatment  of  Santo  Domingo,  2  c.  Consul 
for  life,  41,  1  a.  War  with  England,  2  a. 
Execution  of  the  duke  d’Enghien,  &c.,  2  b. 
Made  emperor,  2  be.  Anointed  king  of  Italy, 
2  c.  Battle  of  Austerlitz,  42,  1  b.  Confed¬ 
eration  of  the  Rhine,  1  c.  Occupation  of 
Berlin,  2  b.  Berlin  decree,  ib.  Treaty  of 
Tilsit,  2  c.  Overthrow  of  the  kings  of  Por¬ 
tugal  and  Spain — peninsular  war,  43,  1  a,  b. 
Campaign  in  Austria,  2  ah.  Annexation  of 
the  Papal  States,  2  b.  His  divorce  and  re¬ 
marriage,  2  c.  Extent  of  the  French  em¬ 
pire,  44,  1  a.  Reverses  in  Spain,  1  b.  Rus¬ 
sian  campaign,  1  c.  Sixth  coalition  against 
France,  2  c.  Campaign  of  France,  45,  1  c. 
Abdication,  2  a.  Escape  from  Elba,  2  ab. 
Battle  of  Waterloo,  and  second  abdication, 
2  c  (see  X.  99,  1  be).  Imprisonment  at  St. 
Helena,  46,  1  a.  Character  and  bibliography, 
1  b.  Napoleon’s  military  system,  I.  749, 1  c- 
750,  1  a.  His  management  of  cavalry,  IV. 
146,  1  a;  152,  1  a,  c.  Relations  with  the 
emperor  Alexander  I.,  I.  281,  2  a-282,  2  c. 
Call  of  a  national  ecclesiastical  council  with¬ 
out  the  sanction  of  the  pope,  V.  423,  1  b. 

8 


— Josephine,  empress  of  France,  III.  46,  2  a. 
Marriage  with  the  marquis  de  Beauharnais, 
ib.  Acquaintance  and  marriage  with  Bona¬ 
parte,  2  c.  Crowned  empress,  47,  1  b.  Di¬ 
vorced,  ib.  PeFsonal  traits,  and  memoirs, 
2  c. — Maria  Louisa,  archduchess  of  Austria, 
Napoleon’s  second  wife,  47,  Her  mar¬ 

riage,  2  b.  Birth  of  a  son,  2  c.  Made  duchess 
of  Parma,  Piacenza,  and  Guastalla,  ib.  Mor¬ 
ganatic  marriage  with  Count  Albert  Adam 
von  Neipperg,  48,  1  a.  Personal  traits,  and 
memoirs,  1  b. — Napoleon  II.  (Napoleon  Fran¬ 
cois  Charles  Joseph,  duke  of  Reichstadt), 
son  of  Napoleon  I.  and  Maria  Louisa,  48, 

1  b. 

Bonaparte,  Napoleon  III.  (Charles  Louis  Napo¬ 
leon),  emperor  of  France,  III.  48.  Heir  of 
Napoleon  I.,  1  c.  His  revolutionary  attempt 
at  Strasburg,  ib. ;  at  Boulogne,  49,  1  b.  Es¬ 
cape  from  Ham,  1  c.  Elected  president  of 
the  republic,  2  b.  Overthrow  of  the  Roman 
republic,  2  c.  Coup  d'etat  of  1851,  50,  1  c. 
Restoration  of  the  empire,  2  b.  His  marriage, 

2  c.  Crimean  war,  ib.  Franco-Italian  war 
against  Austria,  51,  1  b.  Peace  of  Villa- 
franca,  1  c.  Anglo-French  war  in  China, 
1  a,  2  b.  Relation  with  the  insurgent  Con¬ 
federate  States,  2  c.  Mexican  expedition, 
ib. ;  its  failure,  52,  1  c,  2  b.  Internal  oppo¬ 
sition,  2  c.  Reform  measures,  53, 1  b.  Un¬ 
friendly  relations  with  Prussia,  2  b.  War 
with  Germany,  54,  1  a.  Surrender  to  the 
king  of  Prussia,  2  ab.  Imprisonment  at 
Wilkelmshohe,  2  b.  Deposition,  2  c.  Resi¬ 
dence  at  Chiselhurst,  ib.  Bibliography,  55, 
1  a. — Eugenie  Marie  de  Montijo,  empress  of 
France,  55,  1  a.  Her  marriage,  1  b.  Re¬ 
gent,  1  c.  Escape  from  Paris,  2  a. — Napo¬ 
leon  Eugene  Louis  Jean  Joseph,  prince  im¬ 
perial,  2  b. 

Bona'sa  umbel’lus  (ornithology),  VIII.  271,  2  c. 

Bonaventu'ea,  Saint,  cardinal,  III.  55. 

Bonavino ,  Francesco  [bo-na-vS'-no] :  see  Fran- 

CHI. 

Bonamsta :  see  Boavista. 

Bonohamp,  Charles  Melchior  Artus,  marquis 
de  [bong-shang],  French  soldier,  III.  56. 

Bond,  in  law,  III.  56.  Bond  with  penalty, 
chancery  relief  in  case  of  non- performance 
of  the  condition,  IV.  258,  2  be. 

Bond,  county,  III.  56. 

Bond,  Thomas  Emerson,  x\merican  physician, 
editor,  and  preacher,  III.  56. 

Bond,  William  Cranch,  American  astronomer, 


114 


BONDI 


BOOK 


III.  56;  his  lunar  photographs,  XI.  800,  2 
he.  George  Phillips,  astronomer,  III.  57,  1  a. 
Bondi,  Clemente,  Italian  poet,  III.  57. 
Bondoo',  kingdom  of  Africa,  III.  57.  Bon- 
doos  (ill.),  2  a.  • 

Bonds  of  attraction,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  584, 1  b. 
Bond  street ,  fashionable  locality  of  London,  X. 
595,  1  c. 

Bone,  III.  57.  Chemical  constitution,  58,  1  b. 
Microscopical  examination,  2  c,  ff.  (ills.,  59). 
Ultimate  structure,  60,  1  a.  Ossification, 
1  b  ;  process  of,  1  c.  Reparative  power,  61, 
1  a.  Bones  of  reptiles,  fishes,  and  birds,  1  b. 
(See  Birds,  II.  653,  2  a,  and  compare  III. 
666,  2  b ;  Comparative  Anatomy,  V.  173, 

1  be.)  Complete  development  of  the  osseous 
system,  1  c. 

Bone,  Henry,  English  enamel  painter,  III.  61. 

H.  P.,  enamel  painter,  2  be. 

Bone  Ash,  III.  61 ;  II.  5,  2  be. 

Bone  Black,  III.  62. 

Bone  Caves,  III.  63.  Of  Mentone,  XI.  395, 

2  c;  ill.,  396. 

Bone  dog ,  YI.  183,  2  ab. 

Bone  Dust,  III.  63. 

Bone  earth ,  for  cupels,  VIII.  817,  2  be. 

Bone  filling :  see  Zinc,  XYI.  818,  l,b. 
Bone'set,  plant,  III.  64  (ill.). 

Bonet',  Juan  Pablo,  Spanish  instructor  of  deaf 
and  dumb,  III.  64.  See  Y.  730,  2  c. 

Bon  Gaultier ,  pseudonyme,  XI.  211,  1  be. 
Bonham  [bon'-um],  county  seat,  VII.  80,  2  a. 
Bongos ,  canoes,  Y.  85,  2  a. 

Bonheur,  Rosalie  (Rosa),  [bun-iir],  French 
painter,  III.  65.  Raymond,  artist,  1  a.  Au¬ 
guste,  artist,  1  be.  Jules  Isidore,  sculptor, 
1  c.  Juliette  (Mme.  Peyrol),  painter,  ib. 
Bonhomme  [bon'-um],  county,  III.  65. 

Bon  Homme  Richard  [Fr.  huh  num  re-shar], 
ship  of  war,  IX.  678,  2  c. 

Bo'ni,  state  of  Celebes,  III.  65.  Town,  2  b. 
Bon'iface,  name  of  nine  popes,  III.  65.  Boni¬ 
face  VIII.,  his  sixth  book  of  decretals,  719, 
1  c. 

Boniface,  Saint,  apostle  of  Germany,  III.  66. 
Boniface ,  Roman  general,  I.  155,  1  c  ;  156,  1  a; 
XVI.  564,  2  a. 

Boniface ,  Joseph  Xavier  [buli-ne-fas] :  see 
Saintine. 

Bonifacio  [bo-ne-fa'-cho],  Strait  of,  III.  67. 
Bonin,  Eduard  "Wilhelm  Ludwig  von  [bo- 
neen'],  Prussian  general,  III.  67.  Adolf 
von,  general,  2  a. 

Bonin  Islands,  N.  Pacific,  III.  67  (ill.). 


Bon'ington,  Richard  Parkes,  English  painter, 
III.  67. 

Bonito  [bo-ne'-to],  fish,  III.  68  (ill.).  Plain 
bonito,  1  c  (ill.). 

Bonjour  [bong-zlioor],  two  brothers,  founders 
of  a  sect  in  France,  III.  68. 

Bonn  [bun],  city  of  Prussia,  III.  68.  Univer¬ 
sity  of,  69,  1  a  (ill.). 

Bonna ,  ancient  name  of  Bonn,  III.  69,  2  a. 

Bonnacks :  see  Bannacks. 

Bonner,  Edmund,  English  bishop,  III.  69. 

Bonner,  Robert,  American  journalist,  III.  70. 

Bonnet,  Charles  [bun-na],  Swiss  naturalist, 
III.  70. 

Bonnet ,  Mysian  and  Phrygian,  VIII.  509,  2  b. 

Bonneval,  Claude  Alexandre,  count  de  [bun- 
val],  pasha  of  Caramania,  III.  70.  Referred 
to,  IV.  48,  2  a. 

Bonneville,  Benjamin  L.  E.  [bon'-vil],  Ameri¬ 
can  soldier,  III.  71.  (Died  1878.) 

Bonnevoglies  [bun-vo-gle] :  see  Galley,  VII. 
577,  1  c. 

Bonnivard,  Francois  de  [bun-ne-var],  French 
writer  and  politician  (prisoner  of  Chillon), 
III.  71. 

Bon'nycastle,  John,  English  mathematician, 
III.  71.  Charles,  mathematician,  2  b. 

Bonny  River,  Africa,  III.  71. 

Bono 'mi,  Giuseppe,  Italian  architect,  III.  71. 
Joseph,  English  archaeologist  and  author,  2  c. 

Bononcini,  Giovanni  Battista  [bo-non-che'-ne], 
Italian  composer,  III.  72.  Rivalry  with 
Handel,  ib .,  and  VIII.  437,  2  c. 

Bono'nia ,  ancient  town,  III.  17,  2  b;  19,  2  c. 
“Bononia  docet,”  motto  on  Bolognese  coins, 
18,  2  ab. 

Bonpas  [bong-pa],  town  of  France,  III.  270,  2  c. 

Bonpland,  Aime  [bong-plang],  French  traveller 
and  naturalist,  III.  72.  His  detention  by 
Dr.  Francia,  1  c,  and  VII.  416,  1  c. 

Bon'stetten,  Charles  Victor  de,  Swiss  author, 
III.  72. 

Bontob'rica ,  ancient  town,  III.  87,  2  be. 

Bonvicino,  Alessandro  [bon-ve-che'-no],  Ital¬ 
ian  painter,  III.  72. 

Bony  pike,  fish,  VII.  621,  2  c. 

Bonzes,  Buddhist  priests,  III.  72 ;  IX.  539, 
1  b;  XIII.  832,  1  c.  Japanese  bonzes  (ill.), 
III.  72. 

Booby,  bird,  III.  73  (ill.). 

Boodroom'  :  see  Halicarnassus. 

Book,  III.  73.  Origin  of  the  word,  ib.,  and  II. 
373,  2  a.  The  most  ancient  books  extant, 
III.  73,  2  c.  Ancient  books  and  writing  mate- 


BOOKBINDING 


BORDEN’S 


115 


rials  (ill.),  74;  price  of,  2  a-b.  Palimpsest, 
75,  1  a.  Manufacture  of  a  book,  75,  2  b; 
size  of  page,  folio,  &c.,  2  c,  78,  1  b.  Earli¬ 
est  publishers  in  the  United  States,  70,  1  be. 
Book  business  in  this  country,  2  a,  ff. 

Book'binding,  III.  77.  Processes  of  binding, 
78,  1  a.  Folding  machine,  1  c  (ill.).  Book¬ 
sewing  machine,  2  c  (ill.). 

Booh  of  Common  Prayer :  see  Common  Prayer, 
Book  of  (Index). 

“Booh  of  Concord  ”  X.  731,  1  c. 

“Booh  of  Heroes  ”  ( Heldenbuch ),  VII.  763,  2  b. 

“Booh  of  Josiponf  IX.  689,  2  b. 

Booz'keeping,  III.  80. 

Booh  of  Kells,  Irish  manuscript,  XI.  131,  2  c. 

Boohs ,  bundles  of  raw  silk,  XV.  42,  1  a. 

Boohsellers ’  Retreat ,  I.  10,  1  b  (Abbots-Lang- 
ley). 

Booh  trade  of  Leipsic,  X.  329,  2  a. 

Bool  [bo-ole'] :  see  Bohol. 

Boolak',  town  of  Egypt,  III.  81.  Museum  of, 
XI.  166,  1  a. 

Boole,  George ,  English  logician,  X.  581,  2  c ; 
582,  2  a  and  b ;  583,  2  a. 

Boolundshahur  [boo-lund-shaw'-er],  district 
of  Ilindostan,  III.  81.  Town,  2  a. 

Boom  [borne],  town  of  Belgium,  III.  81. 

Boo'mekang,  Australian  missile,  III.  81  (ill.) ; 
II.  132,  lb;  IX.  744,  1  b. 

Boon,  of  flax,  VII.  263,  2  c. 

Boondee',  state  of  Ilindostan,  III.  81.  Capital, 
82,  1  b. 

Boone,  seven  counties,  III.  82. 

Boone,  county  seat,  XVI.  494,  1  b. 

Boone,  Daniel,  American  pioneer,  III.  83. 

Boone,  William  Jones,  American  missionary 
bishop,  III.  83. 

Boonesboro,  county  seat,  III.  83,  1  a. 

BooNESBOEOUGn,  village  of  Kentucky,  III.  84. 

Boonetown,  New  Jersey,  III.  84,  2  ab. 

Booneville:  see  Boonville. 

Boonton,  town  of  New  Jersey,  III.  84.  Boon- 
ton  iron  works,  1  b. 

Boonville,  city  of  Missouri,  III.  84. 

Boonville,  county  seat,  XVI.  463,  2  a. 

BooRnANPOOR',  town  of  British  India,  III.  84. 

Booro',  island,  Malay  archipelago,  III.  85. 

Boot:  see  Shoe,  XIV.  873,  1  b. 

Boot,  instrument  of  torture,  XV.  815,  1  ab. 

Bootan',  territory  of  India,  III.  85.  Bootans, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Boote'ahs,  people  of  Bootan,  III.  85,  2  c  (bis). 

Bootes  [bo-o'-teez],  constellation,  III.  86 ;  I. 
681,  1  a. 


Booth,  Barton,  English  actor,  III.  86. 

Booth,  Sir  Felix,  English  manufacturer,  III.  86. 

Boothia  Felix  named  for  him,  1  be. 

Booth,  Junius  Brutus,  English  tragedian,  III. 

86.  Edwin,  American  actor,  2  b.  John 

Wilkes,  actor,  assassin  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
2  c,  and  X.  498,  2  c.  ^ 

Boothauk  [boot-hawk'],  village  and  pass  of 
Afghanistan,  III.  87. 

Booth'bay,  township  of  Maine,  III.  87. 
Bootherium  [bo-o-the'-re-um],  (zoology),  XII. 
102,  1  ab. 

Boothia  Felix,  peninsula,  North  America,  III. 

87.  See  Booth,  Sir  Felix. 

Boothia  Gulf,  British  America,  III.  87. 
Booton',  island,  eastern  archipelago,  III.  87. 
Bopal  [bo-pal'] :  see  Bhopaul. 

Bopp,  Franz,  German  philologist,  III.  87.  Bopp- 
Stiftung,  2  b. 

Boppard,  or  Boppart  [bup'-part],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  III.  87  (ill.)* 

Bora,  Katharina  von,  wife  of  Luther,  III.  88  ; 
X.  728,  1  a. 

Bora  (wind),  XI.  355,  1  a. 

Boracic  Acid  :  see  Boric  Acid. 

Bo'racite,  mineral,  III.  88. 

Borage,  plant,  III.  88  (ill.). 

Bora' go :  see  Borage. 

Borah,  in  Mohammedan  traditions,  X.  45,  1  c 
(Koran). 

Borassin' ece,  tribe  of  palms,  XIII.  19,  1  b. 
Boras' sus,  genus  of  palms,  XIII.  19,  1  c.  B. 

flabelliformis,  ib .  (ill.).  B.  iEthiopum,  2  c. 
Bo' rate  of  sodium,  III.  88,  2  b. 

Borax,  III.  88.  Prismatic  borax,  89,  1  b ; 

calcined,  2  be  ;  octahedral,  ib.  Uses,  2  c. 
Borax  glass ,  III.  89,  2  be. 

Borax  lahe,  in  California,  III.  603,  1  c. 
Borazite :  see  Boracite. 

Bor'beck,  town  of  Prussia,  III.  90. 

Borcette  [bor-set],  town :  see  Burtscheid. 
Bord,  system  of  mining,  V.  70,  1  c. 

Borda,  Jean  Charles,  French  mathematician, 
III.  90.  His  method  of  weighing,  II.  233,  2  c. 
Borde,  Andrew,  English  physician,  III.  90. 
Bordeaux  [bor-do],  city  of  France,  III..  90. 

View,  91.  Grand  theatre  (ill.),  ib. 
Bordeaux,  Duke  of :  see  Chambord,  Count  de. 
Bordeaux  Wines  :  see  France,  Wines  of,  VII. 
410,  2  a ;  411,  1  b. 

Bordelais  [bor-duh-la],  district  of  France,  III. 

92.  Wines  of,  VII.  410,  2  a. 

Borden,  Simeon,  American  engineer,  III.  92. 
Borden's  grass,  VIII.  167,  2  c. 


116 


BORDENTOWN 


BOROWLASKI 


Boedentown,  township  of  New  Jersey,  III.  92. 
Boedley,  John  Beale,  American  agriculturist, 
III.  92. 

Boedone,  Paride  [bor-do'-na],  Venetian  painter, 
III.  92. 

Bordure ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a.  Bordure 
compony  or  gohony,  2  ab ;  counter-compony, 
ib. ;  chequy,  ib. ;  wary,  ib.  See  plate  (after 
p.  670),  on  the  left. 

Boee,  of  tides,  HI,  92.  Bore  of  the  Amazon, 
description  of,  I.  379,  2  b.  See  Tides,  XY. 
742,  2  a. 

Bore'adce ,  children  of  Boreas,  III.  93,  1  a. 
Bo'eeas,  III.  92  (ill.). 

Boreas'mi ,  festival  of  Boreas,  III.  93,  1  a. 
Boee'cole,  variety  of  cabbage,  III.  93  (ill.). 
Boeel'li,  Giovanni  Alfonso,  Italian  mathema¬ 
tician  and  physician,  III.  93 ;  XI.  350,  2  a. 
Borer ,  fish,  XII.  122,  1  a. 

Borers ,  insects,  VIII,  532,  2  c;  553,  2  ab ;  X. 
572,  1  b. 

Bore  stone ,  II.  287,  2  c. 

Boegeehout  [bor'-gher-howt],  town  of  Bel¬ 
gium,  III.  93. 

Boeget,  Auguste  [bor-zha],  French  painter, 
III.  93. 

Boeghese  [bor-ga'-za],  Italian  family,  III.  93. 
Camillo  (Pope  Paul  V.),  2  b ;  XIII.  172, 
1  a.  Camillo  Filippo  Ludovico,  prince,  III. 

93.  2  c;  26,  1  a. 

Borghese  gladiator ,  statue,  I.  173,  2  b.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  573,  1  b. 

Boeghesi,  Bartolommeo  [bor-ga'-ze],  Italian 
numismatist,  III.  94. 

Boeghi-Mamo,  Adelaide  [bor'-ghe-ma'-mo], 
Italian  singer,  III.  94. 

Boegi,  Giovanni  [bor'-je],  Roman  mechanic, 
founder  of  ragged  schools,  III.  94. 

Borgia ,  Alfonso  [bor'-ja],  name  of  Pope  Calix- 
tus  III.,  III.  618,  2  b. 

Boegia,  Cesare,  Italian  prelate  and  soldier,  III. 

94.  His  poisoned  ring,  XIY.  338,  2  a  (Ring). 
Lucrezia,  III.  95,  1  a. 

Borgia ,  Rodrigo ,  name  of  Pope  Alexander  VI., 
I.  279,  2  c. 

Boegia,  St.  Francis,  general  of  the  Jesuits,  III. 

95. 

Boegia,  Stefano,  Italian  cardinal  aft'd  states¬ 
man,  III.  95. 

Bobgne  [born],  lake,  Louisiana,  III.  95. 

Borgo :  see  Leonine  City. 

Boego,  Pozzo  di :  see  Pozzo  di  Boego. 
Boegognone,  Jacopo  Cortesi  [bor-go-nyo'-na], 
Italian  painter,  III.  95. 


Boegomaneeo  [bor-go-ma-na'-ro],  town  of  Pied¬ 
mont,  III.  95. 

Boegoo',  two  kingdoms  of  Africa,  III.  95. 

Bo'eio  Acid,  III.  95. 

Boric  anhydride ,  III.  96,  1  a. 

Bobie,  Pierre  Rose  Ursule  Dumoulin  [bo-re], 
French  missionary,  III.  97. 

Boeing,  III.  97.  Boring  machine,  2  a  (ill.). 
Drills,  98,  2  a  (ill.).  Tools  for  boring  wood, 
98,  2  b  (ills.) ;  for  metals,  99,  1  c,  98,  2  b 
(ills.) ;  for  glass,  99,  2  c.  Rock  drills,  99,  2  c 
(ills.,  100,  101).  See  Blasting,  II.  697,  1  b; 
700,  1  c  (ill.). 

Boris  Godunojf ',  czar  of  Russia,  Y.  789,  2  b  ; 
XIY.  490,'  2  be. 

Boeisoglebsk',  town  of  Russia,  III.  101. 

Bobisov',  town  of  Russia,  III.  101. 

Boejesson,  Johan  [bor'-yes-son],  Swedish  dram¬ 
atist,  III.  101. 

Boe'lace,  Edmund,  English  historian,  III. 

101. 

Boen,  Bertrand  de,  French  troubadour  and 
warrior,  III.  101. 

Boe'na,  town  of  Saxony,  III.  101. 

Boene,  Ludwig  [bor'-neh],  German  author, 
III.  101. 

Boe'neo,  island,  Malay  archipelago,  III.  102. 
General  description,  1  c,  ff.  Mount  Kina- 
Balu,  2  b ;  view,  103.  Minerals,  103,  2  c. 
Climate,  104,  1  b.  Vegetation,  1  be.  Fau¬ 
na,  2  a.  Territorial  divisions,  2  b.  Inhabi¬ 
tants,  2  c.  Foreign  acquisitions,  105,  1  b. 

Boenheim  [born'-hime],  village  of  Germany, 
III.  105.  Bornheimer  Heide,  1  c. 

Boen'holm,  island  of  Denmark,  III.  105. 

Boenoo',  country  of  central  Africa,  III.  105. 
Bornoose,  2  c.  Body  guard  of  Bornoose 
sultan,  106, 1  a  (ill.,  1 05).  Bornoo  language, 
referred  to,  I.  171,  2  a. 

Borobo'do ,  temple  of,  in  Java,  IX.  576,  1  c  (ill.). 

Boeodino  [bo-ro-de'-no],  village  of  Russia,  and 
battle  at,  III.  106. 

Boroihme  [bo-roim'] :  see  Beian  Bobu. 

Boeon  (chemistry),  III.  106.  Amorphous,  2  a; 
crystallized,  2  b.  Atomic  weight,  107,  1  a; 
hardness,  106,  2  c,  107,  1  a. 

BoronatrocaV  cite,  mineral,  III.  89,  2  a. 

Boeough  [bur'-o],  III.  107.  In  the  United 
States  and  England,  2  b;  XV.  828,  1  c. 

Borough ,  the,  London,  X.  593,  1  b. 

Boroughreeve :  see  Mayoe. 

Boeovitch'i,  town  of  Russia,  III.  107., 

Boeovsk',  town  of  Russia,  III.  107. 

BorowlasM ,  Count ,  dwarf,  YI.  335,  2  b. 


BORRICHIA 


BOSTON 


11T 


Borrichia  frutes'cens  [bor-rik'-e-a],  (botany), 
XII.  760,  1  b. 

Borrome'an  Islands,  Italy,  III.  107.  Isola 
Bella  (ill.),  108. 

Borromeo,  Carlo  [bor-ro-ma'-o],  saint  and  car¬ 
dinal,  III.  108.  Referred  to,  II.  318,  2  c; 

319,  1  a.  * 

Borromeo,  Federigo,  archbishop  of  Milan,  III. 

108. 

Borromeo ,  St.  Charles ,  Oblates  of,  XII.  565, 1  a. 
Borromeo,  St.  Charles,  Sisterhood  of,  III.  109. 
Borromeo ,  Vitaliano,  count,  III.  107,  2  c. 
Borromini,  Francesco  [bor-ro-me'-ne],  Italian 
architect,  III.  109. 

Bor'row,  George,  English  author,  III.  109. 
Borroicdale ,  England,  graphite  mine  at,  VIII. 
165,  1  c. 

Borrowing  days ,  XI.  151,  1  a  (March). 

Borsa  [bor'-shaw],  village  of  Hungary,  III.  109. 
Borse  [bor'-zeh],  German  exchange,  VII.  21, 

1  a. 

Borsod  [bor'-shod],  county  of  Hungary,  III.  109. 
Bort ,  impure  diamond,  VI.  76,  1  c. 
BornslawsM ,  Count  [bo-roo-slav'-ske],  dwarf, 
VI.  335,  2  b. 

Borussi ,  ancient  inhabitants  of  Prussia,  XIV. 
54,  2  a. 

Bory  de  Saint  Vincent,  Jean  Baptiste  George 
Marie  [bo-re  duh  sang  vaDg-sang],  French  natu¬ 
ralist,  III.  109.  See  Ethnology,  VI.  754,  1  c. 
Borysthenes  [bo-ris'-the-neez] :  see  Dnieper. 
Borzivoy,  duke  of  Bohemia,  V.  620,  1  c. 

Bos,  Lambert,  Dutch  philologist,  III.  109. 

Bos,  Hieronymus,  Flemish  artist,  III.  109. 

Bos  (zoology),  XII.  757, 1  b,  c.  B.  primigenius, 

2  be;  II.  120,  2  a.  B.  urus,  ib.  B.  bison, 
ib.  B.  bubal  us,  III.  410, 1  c  (ill.).  B.  Caffer, 
1  c  and  2  c  (ill.,  411).  B.  arni,  2  b.  B.  gaunis, 
411,  1  c.  B.  Indicus,  XVI.  808,  1  ab.  B. 
Sondaicus,  referred  to,  III.  104,  2  ab ;  IX. 
575,  1  b ;  XVI.  808,  1  c. 

Bo's  a,  town  of  Sardinia,  III.  110. 

Bosboom,  Johannes  [bos'-bome],  Dutch  painter, 
III.  110. 

Bose,  Louis  Augustin  Guillaume,  French  nat¬ 
uralist,  III.  110. 

Boscan  (Boscan  Almogaver),  Juan  [boce-kan'], 
Spanish  poet,  III.  110 ;  XV.  220,  2  ab,  ff. 
Boscawen,  Edward  [bos'-ka-wen],  British  ad¬ 
miral,  ill.  lio. 

Bosch,  Hieronymus  de  [dSh  bosk],  Dutch  phi¬ 
lologist,  III.  110. 

Bosch :  see  Bos,  Hieronymus. 

Bosco :  see  Bos,  Hieronymus. 


Bos'covicn,  Ruggiero  Giuseppe,  Italian  nat¬ 
ural  philosopher,  III.  110. 

Boshmaili  [bosh-mi'-le],  Turkish  name  of  Bos¬ 
nia,  III.  Ill,  2  b. 

Bosio,  Angiolina  [bo'-ze-o],  Italian  ‘  vocalist, 

III.  111. 

Bosio,  Francois  Joseph,  French-sculptor,  III. 

111. 

Bosjesmans  [bos'-yes-mans] :  see  Bushmen. 

Derivation  of  the  name,  I.  169,  1  c. 

Bosmana ,  an  old  name  of  Bodmin,  II.  773,  2  b. 
Bosna :  see  Bosnia. 

Bosna-Serai  [bos-na-sa-rl'],  capital  of  Bosnia, 

III.  111. 

Bos'nia,  province  of  European  Turkey,  III. 

111.  Inhabitants,  112,  1  c  (ill.). 

Bospor ,  local  name  of  Kertch,  IX.  813,  2  c. 
Bos'porus,  Thracian,  strait,  Turkey,  III.  112 
(ill.,  castles  of  Europe  and  Asia,  113).  Cim¬ 
merian,  113, 1  c.  Ancient  kingdom,  ib.  Free 
navigation  of  the  Bosporus  and  Dardanelles, 
X.  224,  2  a. 

Bosporus ,  ancient  city :  see  Iaertch. 

Bospro,  a  mediaeval  name  of  Kertch,  IX. 813, 2  c. 
Bosque  [bos'-ka],  county,  III.  113. 

Bosquet,  Pierre  Joseph  Francois  [bus-ka], 
French  soldier,  III.  113. 

Bos'si,  Giuseppe,  Italian  painter,  III.  114. 
Bossi,  Giuseppe  Carlo  Aurelio,  baron  de,  Ital¬ 
ian  poet  and  diplomatist,  III.  114. 

Bossi,  Luigi,  count,  Italian  historian  and  archae¬ 
ologist,  III.  114. 

Bos'sier  [Fr.  bus-se-a],  parish  of  Louisiana, 
III.  114. 

Bossu ,  a  kind  of  palm,  XIII.  20,  2  a. 

Bossuet,  Jacques  B6nigne  [bus-su-a],  French 
prelate,  III.  114.  See  Meaux.  His  friend¬ 
ship  with  Fenelon,  VII.  122,  2  ab;  contro¬ 
versy  with  him,  123,  1  be.  Commissioner 
to  try  Mine.  Guyon  for  heresy,  1  ab. 

Bossut,  Charles  [bus-su],  French  mathema¬ 
tician,  III.  115. 

Bostan',  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  III.  115. 
Bos'ton,  game,  III.  116. 

Boston,  capital  of  Massachusetts,  III.  116. 
View  from  the  harbor,  117.  Growth  and 
population,  117, 1  b.  Divisions,  2  b.  Faneuil 
hall,  118,  2  b  (ill.).  State  house,  119,  1  a 
(ill.).  “Old  elm,”  120,  2  b.  Commerce,  121, 
1  a.  Ice  trade,  2  b.  Government,  122,  2  a. 
Water  supply,  2  c.  Benevolent  institutions, 
123,  2  b.  Schools,  124,  1  b.  Public  library, 
125,  1  a.  Associations,  1  c.  The  press,  2  c. 
Churches,  ib.  History,  126,  2  a.  Origin  of 


118 


BOSTON 


BOTTLE 


the  name,  129,  2  a.  Eire  in  1872,  128,  2  a; 
Y.  238,  1  ab. 

Boston,  seaport  of  England,  III.  128.  St.  Bo- 
tolpli’s  church,  2  c  (ill.,  129).  Cotton  chapel 
(ill.),  129.  See  Cotton,  John,  Y.  411, 1  ab. 

Boston,  Thomas,  Scottish  clergyman,  III.  129. 

Boston  marrow ,  plant,  XY.  293,  2  c. 

Boston  massacre,  XVI.  155,  1  be;  I.  85,  2  ab, 
108,  2  b;  II.  98,  1  c;  VIII.  435,  1  b;  XIY. 
154,  1  a. 

Boston  JVeics  Letter,  first  stable  American  news¬ 
paper,  I.  138,  1  b;  XII.  342,  1  b. 

Boston  Patriot,  political  newspaper,  I.  95,  1  c. 

Boston  'port  bill,  closing  the  port  to  all  com¬ 
merce,  XYI.  155,  2  a.  Treatment  of  this  act 
by  other  colonial  ports,  III.  127,  2  c. 

Boston  tea  party,  IX.  94,  1  b;  XYI.  155,  1  c. 
The  tory  governor’s  opinion  of  their  act, 
III.  127,  2  c.  Retaliation  of  the  imperial 
government,  ib.,  and  XYI.  155,  2  a. 

Bostra  :  see  Bozrah. 

Boswell,  James,  biographer  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
III.  129  ;  IX.  666,  2  c.  Sir  Alexander,  III. 
130,  1  c.  James  (2d),#2  a. 

Boswel'lia  serra'ta  (botany),  VII.  431,  2  b  (ill.). 

Boswortii,  town  of  England,  III.  130.  Bos- 
worth  field,  and  monument  (ill.),  2  b.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  ib.,  and  XIY.  315,  2  a. 

Bosworth,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  English  philologist, 
III.  130.  (Died  1876.) 

Botal,  foramen  of,  foetal,  III.  131,  1  b. 

BotatAi,  Leonardo,  Piedmontese  physician, 
III.  131. 

Botanical  dynasty,  of  the  Jussieus,  IX.  724, 1  c. 

Botany,  III.  131.  History,  2  a.  Classification 
of  plants,  133,  1  b.  Linnoean  system,  2  a. 
Jussieu’s,  and  modification  of  it,  134,  1  b. 
Endlicher’s,  135, 1  a.  Hooker  and  Bentham’s 
Genera  Plantarum,  2  ab.  Physiological  and 
anatomical  botany,  ib.  "Writers  on  botany, 
2  b,  ff. 

Botany,  parish  of  New  South  Wales,  III.  138. 

Botany  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  III.  138. 

Botany  Bay  kino,  tree,  YI.  768,  2  a. 

Botany  Bay  resin,  VIII.  171,  2  b. 

Botargo,  preparation  of  fish  roes,  II.  673,  2  c. 

Botau'rus  stella'ris  (ornithology),  II.  670,  1  c 
(ill.).  B.  lentiginosus,  2  a. 

Botero  [bo-ta'-ro],.  on  political  economy,  XIII. 
665,  2  c. 

Botes ,  synonyme  of  estovers,  YI.  742,  1  c. 

Botetourt  [bot'-e-turt],  county,  III.  138. 

Botetourt,  Norborne  Berkeley,  baron,  English 
statesman,  III.  138. 


Botfly,  III.  141,  2  b  (ill.) ;  XIY.  839,  2  ab. 
Both,  Jan  [bote],  Dutch  painter,  III.  138.  An¬ 
dreas,  painter,  2  b. 

Both'nia,  gulf,  Baltic  sea,  III.  138 ;  II.  251,  2  a. 
Bothrioceph' alus  la'tns  (entozoa),  YI.  666,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Both' well,  village  of  Scotland,  III.  139.  Both- 
well  bridge,  battle  of,  1  b.  Both  well  castle, 

1  c  (ill.)-  Manse  of  Bothwell,  ib. 

Bothwell,  James  Hepburn,  earl  of,  third  hus¬ 
band  of  Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  III.  139  ;  XI. 
234,  1  c. 

Botocudos  [bo-to-koo'-doce],  tribe  of  Brazilian 
Indians,  III.  140  (ill.). 

Botolph,  St.,  church  of,  III.  128,  2  c  (ill.,  129) : 

see  Cotton,  John.  Priory  of,  Y.  43, 1  b  (ill.). 
Botoshan',  city  of  Roumania,  III.  141. 
Botryodac'tyla  gran’dis,  echinoderm,  XIY.  728, 

2  a. 

Bot'ryolite,  mineral,  X.  479,  2  a. 

Botry’tis  Bassiana,  epiphyte,  YI.  690, 1  a ;  XII. 
65,  2  ab ;  XY.  45,  1  a.  B.  infestans,  YI.  687, 
2  c;  VII.  531,  2  ab,  532,  1  c.  (Compare 
XIII.  771,  2  b.) 

Bots  (entomology),  III.  141.  Bot  fly  (ill.),  2  b. 
Bot'ta,  Carlo  Giuseppe  Guglielmo,  Italian  his¬ 
torian,  III.  141.  Paul  Emile,  French  archae¬ 
ologist,  142,  1  c. 

Botta,  Vincenzo,  Italian  scholar,  III.  142. 
Anne  Charlotte  Lynch,  American  poetess, 
2  b. 

Bottari,  Giovanni  Gaetano  [bot-ta'-re],  Italian 
prelate,  III.  142. 

Bottcher  [bot'-cher] :  see  Bottger,  Johann 
Friedrich. 

Bottesini,  Antonio  [bot-ta-ze'-ne],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  III.  142. 

Bottger,  Adolf  [bot'-gher],  German  poet,  III. 
143. 

Bottger,  Johann  Friedrich,  Saxon  alchemist, 
III.  143.  His  invention  of  porcelain,  1  be ; 
XIII.  784,  2  b. 

Bottger,  B.,  his  process  for  platinizing  glass, 
XI.  633,  2  a. 

Botticelli,  Sandro  [bot-te-cheV-le],  Italian 
painter,  III.  143. 

Bottiger  [bot'-te-gher],  alchemist:  see  Bott¬ 
ger,  Johann  Friedrich. 

Bottiger,  Karl  August,  German  arclueologist, 
III.  143.  Karl  Wilhelm,  historian,  2  ab. 
Bottiger,  Karl  Vilhelm,  Swedish  poet,  III.  143. 
Bottle,  III.  143.  Skin  bottles,  2  c  (ill.). 
Egyptian  bottles,  144,  1  b  (ill.).  Glass  bot¬ 
tles,  1  c.  Mould  bottles,  2  a  (ill.).  Marver, 


BOTTLE 


BOUNTY 


110 


2  b  (ill.).  Punty,  2  c  (ill.)*  Finishing  bench, 

145,  1  a  (ill.).  Finishing  tools,  1  b  (ill.). 
Rickets’s  patent,  1  be. 

Bottle  grass ,  XI.  556,  1  c. 

Bottle-liead  dolphin ,  YI.  193,  1  a. 

Bottle-holder ,  in  the  prize  ring,  XIY.  73,  2  be ; 
74,  1  ab. 

Bottle  imp ,  or  Cartesian  diver,  IX.  120,  1  ab. 
Bottle-nosed  dolphin ,  YI.  192,  2  a  (ill.). 

Bottle  Tree,  III.  145  (ill.). 

Bottom  fishing ,  I.  498,  2  a. 

Bottomry,  in  maritime  law,  III.  145. 

Botts,  John  Minor,  American  politician,  III. 

146. 

Botushani  [bo-too-sha'-ne] :  see  Botosiian. 
Bot'zaris  :  see  Bozzaris. 

Bot'zen,  town  of  Tyrol,  III.  146  (ill.).  • 
Bouchardon,  Edme  [boo-shar-dong],  French 
sculptor,  III.  146. 

Boucher,  Francois  [boo-ska],  French  painter, 
III.  146. 

Boucher,  Jonathan  [bow'-cher],  English  cler¬ 
gyman,  III.  147. 

Boucher,  Pierre  [boo-ska],  Canadian  pioneer, 
III.  147. 

BoucnER  de  Crevecceur  de  Perthes,  Jacques 
[dull  kraiv-kiir  du.h  pairt],  French  archae¬ 
ologist  and  author,  III.  147. 
Bouches-du-Rhone  [boosh-dii-rone],  depart¬ 
ment  of  France,  III.  147. 

Boucicault,  Dion  [boo'-se-ko],  British  drama¬ 
tist  and  actor,  III.  147. 

Boudice'a :  see  Boadicea. 

Boudinot,  Elias  [boo'-de-not],  American  pa¬ 
triot,  III.  148. 

Bouet-Willaumez,  Louis  Fdouard,  count  de 
[bwa-ve-lyo-ma],  French  naval  officer,  III. 
148. 

Boufarik  [boo-fa-reek'],  town  of  Algeria,  III. 
148. 

Bouffe,  Marie  [boo-fa],  French  comedian,  III. 
148. 

Bouflers,  Louis  Francois,  marquis  and  duke 
de  [boo-flair],  French  soldier,  III.  148. 
Bouflers,  Stanislas,  marquis  de,  French  author, 

III.  149. 

Bouflers-Rouvrel,  Marie  Charlotte  Hippo- 
lyte,  countess  de,  III.  149.  Countess  Amelie 
de  Bouflers,  1  b. 

Bougainville,  Louis  Antoine  de  [boo-gang- 
veel],  French  soldier  and  navigator,  III.  149. 
Boughton,  George  TI.  [bow'-tun],  American 
painter,  III.  149. 

BouGiAn  [boo'-je-a],  town  of  Algeria,  III.  150. 


Bougie  [boo-zhe] :  see  BouGiAn. 

Bouguer,  Pierre  [boo-gair],  French  physicist, 
III.  150 ;  YI.  356,  2  a. 

Bouguereau,  Guillaume  Adolphe  [boo-gro], 
French  painter,  III.  150. 

Bouille,  Francois  Claude  Amour,  marquis  de 
[duh  boo-ya],  French  general,  III.  150. 

Bouillet,  Marie  Nicolas  [boo-ya], ""French  met¬ 
aphysician  and  encyclopaedist,  III.  150. 

Bouillier,  Francisque  [boo-ya],  French  phi¬ 
losopher,  III.  151. 

Bouillon  [boo-yong],  town  of  Belgium,  III.  151 
(ill.).  Dukes  of,  1  c.  Prince  of,  2  a.  Mort¬ 
gaged  to  the  bishop  of  Liege,  1  c,  2  b. 

Bouillon,  Godfrey  de,  the  hero  of  the  first 
crusade,  III.  151.  Baldwin  I.,  king  of  Jeru¬ 
salem,  152,  1  ab  ;  II.  238,  1  c. 

Bouillon,  Henri  de  la  Tour  d’ Auvergne,  duke 
de,  III.  152.  Frederic  Maurice  de  la  Tour 
d’Auvergne,  duke  de,  1  c. 

Bouilly,  Jean  Nicolas  [boo-ye],  French  drama¬ 
tist  and  novelist,  III.  152. 

Boulainvilliers,  Henri,  count  de  [boo-lang-ve- 
ya],  French  historian,  III.  152. 

Boulah :  see  Boolak. 

Boulard  [boo-lar],  bibliomaniac,  II.  622,  1  c. 

Boulder  [bole'-der],  county,  III.  152. 

Boulder  City,  county  seat,  III.  152,  2  b. 

Boulders  :  see  Bowlders. 

Boule,  Theodore  [boo-la],  French  publisher, 
III.  152. 

Boule  [boo'-le],  senate  of  ancient  Athens,  II. 
55,  1  a.  Legislature  of  modern  Greece, 
YIII.  205,  2  ab. 

Bouleuterion ,  Delphian  council  house,  Y.  785, 
2  b. 

Boulevards  of  Paris  [Fr.  bool-var],  XIII.  79, 
1  c,  ff. 

Boullongne,  Louis  [boo-longny’],  French  paint¬ 
er,  III.  152.  Bon,  painter,  153,  1  a.  Louis 
de,  painter,  ib.  Genevieve  and  Madeleine, 
painters,  2  a. 

Boulogne-sur-Mer  [boo-lony’-sur-mair],  town 
of  France,  III.  153  (ill.).  Boulogne-sur- 
Seine  [-siir-sain],  village,  154,  1  ab.  Bois  de 
Boulogne,  1  b. 

Boulter,  Hugh  [bole'-ter],  English  prelate,  III. 
154. 

Boulton,  Matthew,  English  mechanician,  III. 
154. 

Bou  Maza  [boo  ma'-za],  Arab  chief,  III.  154. 

Bouncing  Bet ,  plant,  XY.  138,  2  a. 

Bounty,  mutiny  of  the  crew  of  the,  II.  712, 
1  a ;  XIII.  546,  1  c. 


120 


BOUQUET 


BOUWERY 


Bouquet-green ,  plant,  X.  744,  2  c. 

Bouquetin  [book-tang],  Swiss  name  of  the  ibex, 
IX.  142,  2  c. 

Bouquet  of  wine  [boo-ka],  XYI.  666,  2  c. 

Bourbaki,  Charles  Denis  Sauter  [boor-ba'-ke], 
French  soldier,  III.  154. 

Bourbon  [bur'-bun],  two  counties,  III.  155. 

Bourbon  [boor-bong],  island  :  see  Reunion. 

Bourbon,  French  ducal  and  royal  family,  III. 
155. — Ducal  family,  2  ab.  Louis  II.,  2  b. 
Jean  I.,  2  c.  Charles  I.,  count  of  Clermont, 
2  c.  Jean  II.,  156,  1  a.  Charles,  constable 
de  Bourbon,  1  ab. — Royal  dynasties  of  Bour¬ 
bon  :  France,  156,  1  c ;  Spain,  2  c  ;  Naples, 
ib. ;  Parma,  157,  1  a. 

Bourbon,  Louis  Henri,  duke  of,  III.  157. 

Bourbon,  Louis  Henri  Joseph,  duke  of,  prince 
of  Condd,  III.  157. 

Bourbon-Lancy  [boor-bong-lang-se],  watering 
place  of  France,  III.  157. 

Bourbon-l’Archambault  [-lar-shang-bo],  town 
of  France,  III.  157 ;  155,  2  ab. 

Bourbonnais  [boor-bun-na],  province  of 
France,  III.  157. 

Bourbonne-les-Bains  [boor-bun-la-bang],  town 
of  France,  III.  157. 

Bourbon- Vendee  :  see  Napoleon- Vendee. 

Bourdaloue,  Louis  [boor-da-loo],  French  prel¬ 
ate  and  pulpit  orator,  III.  157. 

Bourdeilles  [boor-day’] :  see  Brantome,  III. 
211,  2  c.  Andrd  de,  212,  1  c. 

Bourdelot  [boord  lo],  physician  and  favorite 
of  Queen  Christina,  IV.  548,  2  c. 

Bourdin,  Maurice  [boor-dang],  antipope  as 
Gregory  VIII.,  III.  158. 

Bourdon,  Louis  Pierre  Marie  [boor-dong], 
French  mathematician,  III.  158. 

Bourdon,  Sebastien,  French  painter,  III.  158. 

Bourg  [boor],  town  of  France,  III.  158. 

Bourg,  Anne  du,  French  Protestant  martyr, 
III.  158. 

Bourgade,  Francois  [boor-gad],  French  priest 
and  orientalist,  III.  158. 

Bourgelat,  Claude  [boorzh-la],  French  vet¬ 
erinary  surgeon,  III.  158.  School  estab¬ 
lished  by  him,  ib .,  and  I.  298,  1  a. 

Bourg-en-Bresse  [boor-gang-bress] :  see  Bourg. 

Bourgeois,  Anicet :  see  Anicet-Bourgeois. 

Bourgeois,  Dominique  Francois  [boor-zhwa], 
French  inventor,  III.  158. 

Bourges  [boorzh],  town  of  France,  III.  159. 
Cathedral  of  St.  Etienne,  1  c  (ill.).  Prag¬ 
matic  sanction  of  Bourges,  2  a. 

Bourges ,  counts  of,  II.  581,  1  c. 


Bourgogne  [boor-gony’] :  see  Burgundy. 
Bourguignon  [boor-ghe-nyong],  his  manufactory 
of  gems,  VII.  665,  2  a. 

Bourignon,  Antoinette  [boo-re-nyong],  French 
fanatic,  III.  159. 

Bourmont,  Louis  Auguste  Victor  de  Ghaisne, 
count  de  [duh  boor-mong],  French  soldier, 
III.  159.  Expedition  to  Algeria,  I.  306,  1  c. 
Bourne,  Hugh  [boorn],  English  clergyman, 
III.  160. 

Bourne,  Vincent,  English  poet,  III.  160. 
Bouro :  see  Booro. 

Bourrienne,  Louis  Antoine  Fauvelet  de  [boor- 
re-en],  private  secretary  of  Napoleon,  III. 
160. 

Bourrit,  Marc  Thdodore  [boor-re],  Swiss  artist 
and  author,  III.  160. 

Boursault,  Edme  [boor-so],  III.  161. 

Bourse  [boors],  stock  exchange,  VII.  21,  1  a; 
of  Antwerp,  2  a.  See  Stock  Exchange, 
XV.  388,  2  be. 

Bourseulle ,  Charles ,  XV.  622,*  1  c. 
Boussingault,  Jean  Baptiste  Joseph  Dieu- 
donne  [boo-sang-go],  French  chemist,  III. 
161.  Experiments  on  fattening  of  animals, 

I.  119,  1  c,  2  a;  in  feeding  fowls,  316,  1  ab. 
His  devotion  to  agricultural  chemistry,  I. 
200,  1  a.  Ascent  of  Chimborazo,  IV.  437, 
1  a. 

Boussingaul'tia  (botany),  XIII.  509,  1  b. 

Bou strophe' don,  ancient  mode  of  writing,  VIII. 

735,  2  c ;  XVI.  740,  1  a. 

Boutefeux  [boot-fuh],  incendiaries, VII.  210,  2  a. 
Bouteiller,  Sophie  de  [boo-ta-ya],  Madame  De- 
saulx  :  see  Browne,  Ilenriette. 

Bouterwek,  Friedrich  [boo'-ter-vek],  German 
metaphysician  and  sestheticist,  III.  161. 
Bouteville,  Franqois  de  Montmorency,  sei¬ 
gneur  de  [duh  boot-veel],  French  duellist, 
III.  161. 

Bouts  rimes  [boo  re-ma],  blank  sonnets,  XV. 
164,  2  a. 

Bout'well,  George  Sewall,  American  states¬ 
man,  III.  162. 

Bouvart,  Alexis  [boo-var],  Swiss  astronomer, 
III.  162. 

Bouvet,  Joachim  [boo-va],  French  Jesuit  mis¬ 
sionary,  III.  162. 

Bouvier,  John  [boo-veer' ;  Fr.  boo-vya],  Amer¬ 
ican  jurist,  III.  162.  Hannah  M.,  astronom¬ 
ical  writer,  2  c. 

Boumnes  [boo-veen] :  see  Bovines. 

Bouwery ,  the  dominie's ,  farm  in  New  York, 

II.  780,  1  c. 


BOVES 


BOYLE 


121 


Boves,  Jose  Tomas  [bo'-vace],  Spanish  Amer¬ 
ican  military  adventurer,  III.  162. 

Bovey  coal ,  III.  344,  1  b. 

Bovines  [bo-veen],  village  of  France,  and  bat¬ 
tles  at,  III.  163. 

Bovino  [bo-ve'-no],  town  of  Italy,  III.  163. 

Bovinum :  see  Bovino. 

Bovista  gigantea ,  fungus,  I.  510,  2  o. 

Bow :  see  Archery. 

Bow  and  Arrow  castle ,  XIII.  730,  1  c. 

Bow  bells,  London,  X.  598,  1  c. 

Bow'dicii,  Thomas  Edward,  English  traveller, 
III.  163. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel,  American  mathemati¬ 
cian,  III.  163.  His  “  Navigator  ”  and  “  Use¬ 
ful  Tables,”  X.  578,  1  b. 

Bowdoin,  James  [bo'-dwin],  governor  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  III.  164.  James,  benefactor  of 
Bowdoin  college,  1  b. 

Bowdoin  College,  III.  164. 

Bowen,  Francis  [bo'-en],  American  author,  III. 
165.  His  treatise  on  logic,  X.  582, 1  b.  On 
the  English  school  of  political  economy, 
XIII.  677,  1  c. 

Bow'er  Bird,  III.  165.  Satin  bower  bird,  2  c 
(ill.,  166).  Green  satin  bird,  166,  2  a.  Spot¬ 
ted  bower  bird,  2  b.  Great  bower  bird,  2  be. 

Bowery,  the,  in  New  York,  origin  of  name, 
XV.  433,  2  c. 

Bowjin  [bo'-fin],  fish,  XII.  26,  1  a. 

Bowie  [boo'-e],  county,  III.  166. 

Bowie,  Colonel,  I.  236,  2  a  (Alamo). 

Bowlder  clay,  VI.  Ill,  2  be  and  c. 

Bowl'ders,  III.  167.  See  Diluvium,  VI.  Ill,  1  c. 

Bowler,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  V.  482,  2  ab. 

Bowles,  Caroline  [boalz] :  see  Soutiiey,  XV. 
201,  1  b. 

Bowles,  Samuel,  American  journalist,  III.  167. 
(Died  1878.) 

Bowles,  William  Augustus,  American  adven¬ 
turer,  III.  167. 

Bowles,  William  Lisle,  English  poet,  III.  167. 

Bowline  [bo'-lin] :  see  Ship,  XIV.  865,  2  b. 

Bowling  [bo'-ling],  game,  III.  168.  Ancient 
game  of  bowls,  1  b ;  bowling  green,  ib. 
Modern  game  of  tenpins,  2  a. 

Bowling  crease,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  V.  482, 
1  b  (diagram). 

Bowling  Green,  town  of  Kentucky,  III.  168. 

Bowling  Green ,  county  seats,  IV.  14,  2  b ;  651, 
1  c;  XIII.  512,  1  b. 

Bowling  Green ,  ornamental  park  in  New  York, 
III.  168,  1  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  ib. 

Bowls,  game  of :  see  Bowling. 


Bowman,  Thomas,  D.  D.  [bo'-man],  American 
clergyman,  III.  169. 

Bowring,  Sir  John  [bow'-ring],  English  states¬ 
man  and  author,  III.  169.  His  acquaintance 
with  Jeremy  Bentham,  II.  538,  1  a,  c,  2  a. 

Bowsprit  [bo'-sprit] :  see  Ship,  XIV.  865,  1  c. 
Bowsprit  shrouds,  2  a. 

Bowyer,  William  [bo'-yer],  English  printer 
and  scholar,  III.  169. 

Box,  tree,  III.  169  (ill.).  Leaves  and  fruit  (ill.), 
170.  Dwarf  box,  169,  2  c.  Box  wood,  ib. 
Majorca  box,  170,  1  b.  Medical  use,  1  c. 

Boxberry,  plant,  XVI.  674,  2  ab. 

Box  Elder,  county,  III.  170. 

Box  elder ,  tree,  XI.  141,  1  a. 

Boxiana ,  records  of  the  prize  ring,  I.  448,  2  c ; 
book,  XIII.  77,  1  a. 

Boxing  :  see  Pugilism. 

Box  wood:  see  Box,  III.  169,  2  c. 

Boyaca  [bo-ya-ka'J,  state  of  Colombia,  III.  170. 
Town,  2  c. 

Boyar,  or  Boiar  [bo-yar'],  Slavic  title,  III.  170. 
Treatment  of  the  boyars  by  the  czar  Alexis, 
I.  293,  2  c. 

Boyaux  [bwa-yo] :  see  Siege,  XV.  29,  1  be. 

Boyce,  Hector:  see  Boethius,  II.  778. 

Boyce,  William,  English  composer,  III.  171. 

Boyd,  county,  III.  171. 

Boyd,  Andrew  Kennedy  Hutchison,  D.  D., 
Scottish  author,  III.  171. 

Boyd,  John  Parker,  American  soldier,  III.  171. 

Boyd,  Mark  Alexander,  Scottish  scholar  and 
soldier,  III.  171. 

Boyd,  Sir  Thomas ,  earl  of  Arran,  I.  763,  2  c. 

Boyd,  Zachary,  Scottish  divine,  III.  172. 

Boy'dell,  John,  English  engraver  and  print 
publisher,  III.  172.  American  edition  of  his 
illustrations  of  Shakespeare,  1  c. 

Boydton,  county  seat,  XI.  330,  2  c. 

Boy'er,  Abel  [Fr.  bwa-ya],  English  historian 
and  lexicographer,  III.  172.  His  French- 
English  dictionary  and  grammar,  2  ab. 

Boyer,  Alexis,  baron,  French  surgeon,  III.  172. 

Boyer,  Christine  Eleonore,  first  wife  of  Lucien 
Bonaparte,  III.  34,  2  be. 

Boyer,  Jean  Pierre,  president  of  Ilayti,  III. 
172  ;  VIII.  552,  2  a. 

Boyhood  and  girlhood ,  period  of,  I.  180,  2  c. 

Boyle,  county,  III.  173. 

Boyle,  town,  &c.,  of  Ireland,  III.  173.  “  An¬ 
nals  of  Boyle,”  1  b. 

Boyle,  C.  B.,  his  observations  on  the  moon, 
XI.  800,  1  a. 

Boyle,  Richard,  earl  of  Cork,  English  poli- 


122 


BOYLE 


BRAGA 


tician,  III.  173. — Roger,  statesman  and  au¬ 
thor,  2  a. — Robert,  natural  philosopher  and 
philanthropist,  2  ab.  His  definition  of  the 
chemical  elements,  IV.  359,  2  be ;  of  acids 
and  alkalies,  2  c.  Boyle’s  and  Mariotte’s  law 
(pneumatic),  VI.  491,  1  c,  and  XIII.  628,  2  b. 
His  benefactions  to  Harvard  and  William  and 
Mary  colleges,  XVI.  634,  2  c. — Charles,  earl 
of  Orrery,  III.  174,  1  b.  His  dispute  with 
Bentley,  II.  540,  2  a.— John,  earl  of  Orrery 
and  of  Cork,  III.  174,  1  c. 

Boyle  lectureship ,  II.  540,  2  a. 

Boylston,  Zabdiel,  American  physician,  III. 
174.  Introduces  inoculation  for  smallpox, 
2  a;  127,  2  a. 

Boyne,  river  of  Ireland,  III.  174.  “Boyne  of 
science,”  2  b.  Battle  of  the  Boyne,  2  be; 
VI.  264,  1  c. 

Boys :  see  Boyse. 

Boyse,  John,  English  theologian,  III.  174. 

Boz ,  Dickens’s  early  signature,  VI.  88,  1  b. 

Bozman,  John  Leeds,  American  historian  and 
jurist,  III.  174. 

Bozrah,  ruined  city  of  Syria,  III.  175  (ill.) ; 
VI.  410,  1  a. 

Bozu  (bonze),  IX.  539,  1  b. 

Bozzar'is,  Marco  (properly  Marcos  Bot'zaris), 
Greek  patriot,  III.  175.  Demetrius,  176,  1  a. 

Bra  [bra],  town  of  Piedmont,  III.  176. 

Braake  [bra'-keh] :  see  Brake. 

Brabant,  Duchy  of  [bra-bant'],  III.  176.  North 
Brabant,  province  of  the  Netherlands,  2  a. 
South  Brabant,  2  b. 

Brac'ara  Augusta,  ancient  city :  see  Braga. 

Bracciolini  [brat-cho-le'-ne] :  see  Poggio. 

Brace,  in  ships,  XIV.  685,  2  b. 

Brace,  Charles  Loring,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  III.  176. 

Brace,  Julia,  American  blind  deaf  mute,  III. 
177. 

Brachettone  [bra-ket-to'-na],  nickname,  XVI. 
408,  1  a. 

Brachial  plexus  [brak'-e-al],  XII.  232,  2  a. 

Brachinus  crep'itans  [bra-ki'-nus],  (entomol¬ 
ogy),  II.  476,  1  a  (ilk). 

Braciiiopoda  [brak-e-op'-o-da],  bivalves,  III. 
177  (ills.).  Structure  of,  V.  201,  1  a;  XI. 
725,  1  b. 

Brachiospon' gia,  fossil  sponge,  XV.  282,  2  b. 

Brachyceph'ali,  division  of  mankind, VI.756, 2  a. 

Brachyo'tus  Cassi'ni  (ornithology),  XII.  754, 
1  b.  B.  palustris,  2  c. 

Brachyrham' phus  (ornithology),  VIII.  310,  1 
be.  B.  marmoratus,  1  c. 


Brachys' tochrone  (cycloid),  V.  605,  2  ab. 
Brachyu’rus  (zoology),  XI.  752,  1  a. 

Bracken,  county,  III.  178. 

Brack'enridge,  Hugh  Henry,  American  judge 
and  author,  III.  178.  Henry  M.,  lawyer, 
diplomatist,  and  author,  2  b. 

Bracket-plate  system ,  in  iron  ship  building,  X. 
382,  1  c. 

Brackett,  Edwin  E.,  American  sculptor,  III. 

179.  Walter  M.,  painter,  1  a. 

Brackley ,  Viscount:  see  Egerton,  Thomas. 
Bract,  floral  leaf,  XIII.  584,  2  a ;  585,  2  b. 
Bracton,  Henry  de,  chief  justice  of  England, 

III.  179.  His  treatise  on  English  laws  and 
customs,  V.  150,  1  b. 

Brad  awl,  Ili.  98,  2  b  (ilk). 

Bradburn,  Samuel,  English  clergyman,  III.  179. 
Braddock,  Edward,  English  general,  III.  179. 
See  Lee,  Richard  Henry,  X.  290,  2  b,  and 
Washington,  George,  XVI.  485,  1  a. 
Braddon,  Mary  Elizabeth,  English  novelist, 
III.  179. 

Bradford,  two  counties,  III.  179. 

Bradford,  town  of  England,  III.  179.  Town 
hall,  180,  1  a  (ill.,  179). 

Bradford,  Alden,  American  author,  III.  180. 
Bradford,  John,  English  martyr,  III.  180. 
Bradford,  William,  governor  of  Plymouth 
colony,  III.  180. 

Bradford,  William,  American  printer,  III. 

180.  Andrew,  printer,  2  b.  Thomas,  pub¬ 
lisher,  2  be. 

Bradford,  William,  American  lawyer,  III.  180. 
Bradford,  William,  American  painter,  III.  180. 
Bradley,  two  counties,  III.  181. 

Bradley,  James,  English  astronomer,  III.  181. 
Bradshaw,  John,  English  regicide,  III.  181. 
Bradstreet,  Anne,  American  poetess,  III.  181. 
Bradstreet,  John,  English  general,  III.  181. 
Bradstreet,  Simon,  governor  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  III.  182. 

Bradstreet,  Simon,  American  clergyman,  III. 
182. 

Brad'wardin,  Thomas  (“the  profound  doc¬ 
tor  ”),  English  theologian,  III.  182. 

Bra'dy,  James  Topham,  American  lawyer,  III. 
182. 

Brady,  Nicholas,  English  divine,  III.  182. 
See  Tate,  Nahum. 

Brad' y pus  (zoology),  XV.  107,  1  be.  B.  tri- 
dactylus,  2  c  (ill.,  108).  B.  didactylus, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Brag,  game  at  cards,  III.  182. 

Braga  [bra'-ga],  city  of  Portugal,  III.  183. 


BRANCHING 


BRAGANQA 

Braganqa  [bra-g&n'-sa],  town  of  Portugal,  III. 

183. 

Braganqa,  House  of,  III.  183. 

Braganza :  see  Braganqa. 

Bragg,  Braxton,  American  general,  III.  183. 
Bragi  [bra'-ghe],  Scandinavian  deity,  XII.  120, 

1  b.  Allusion  to,  YI.  400,  1  a. 

Bra'iiam,  John,  English  singer,  III.  183.  Au¬ 
gustus,  singer,  184,  1  a. 

Braiie,  Tycho  de  [te'-ko  deh  bra,  Ban.  bra/- 
fih],  Danish  astronomer,  III.  184.  His  sys¬ 
tem  of  astronomy,  2  be ;  II.  44,  2  c,  ff. 
Brahilov  [bra-e-lov'] :  see  Beaila. 

Brahma  [bra'-ma],  in  the  Hindoo  religion,  III. 

184;  IX.  226,  1  b. 

Brahman :  see  Brahma. 

Brahmana :  see  Brahma. 

Bralimana  period,  in  Indian  literature,  IX. 
222,  2  c. 

Brahmanam :  see  Brahma,  III.  185,  1  b. 
Brahmanas ,  IX.  222,  1  c,  2  b ;  XYI.  280,  1  b. 
Brahmanaspati ,  Hindoo  lord  of  prayer,  IX. 
224,  2  c. 

Brajiman  lull ,  IV.  128,  1  c.  See  Zebu. 
Brahmanism :  see  Brahma,  and  IX.  228, 1  c,  ff. 
Brahmans ,  Hindoo  caste,  IX.  206,  2  c;  213,  2 
b  and  c ;  225,  2  a  and  c ;  227,  1  a  and  b  ; 

230,  2  be  ;  231,  1  a  and  ab.  See  VIII.  356, 

1  a  (Gymnosopiiists). 

Brahmapoo'tra,  river  of  India,  III.  185  ;  VIII. 
730,  1  b. 

Brahmapootra  fowls ,  IY.  780,  2  ab ;  783, 1  b. 
Brahmin :  see  Brahma. 

Brahminism:  see  Brahmanism  (Index). 
Brahmo  Soma],  religious  society  of  India,  IX. 

231,  1  b;  XI.  647,  1  c. 

Brahms,  Johannes  [bramss],  German  pianist 
and  composer,  III.  185. 

Brahooees,  people  of  Beloochistan,  II.  510, 

2  c ;  IX.  214,  2  be. 

Braid,  Mr.,  student  of  animaj  magnetism,  I. 

527,  1  ab.  J 

Braid  wood,  Thomas,  British  teacher  of  deaf 
and  dumb,  III.  185;  Y.  731,  2  c,  ff. 

Braila  [brl'-la],  town  of  Rou mania,  III.  185. 
Braille,  Louis  [bray’],  French  teacher  of  the 
blind,  III.  186.  His  system  of  writing,  2  b, 
and  II.  720,  1  a  (ill.). 

Braes',  III.  186.  Brain  substance,  1  c.  Mem¬ 
branes,  187,  2  c.  Size,  188,  2  c.  Anatomy, 
189,  1  b;  medulla  oblongata,  1  c;  cerebel¬ 
lum,  190,  1  a;  cerebral  hemispheres,  191, 
2  a;  blood  vessels,  193,  1  b;  nerves,  2  b: 
see  Nervous  System,  XII.  234,  2  b  (ill.). 


123 

The  brain  during  sleep,  III.  194,  2  b.  In¬ 
stinctive  propensities,  2  c.  Somnambulism, 
195, 1  c.  Comparison  of  vertebrate  brains, 
2  b.  Owen’s  classification,  196,  1  a.  Illus¬ 
trations:  nerve  fibres,  187;  nerve  cells,  ib. ; 
brain  enclosed  in  the  dura  mater,  188  ;  pro¬ 
file  view  of  human  brain,  1JK) ;  horizontal 
section,  191 ;  cerebral  hemispheres,  ib. ;  por¬ 
tion  of  right  hemisphere,  192  ;  brain  viewed 
from  below,  194. 

Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  III.  196.  Cerebral 
congestion,  1  c.  Cerebral  anaemia,  197,  2 
be.  Cerebral  haemorrhage,  199,  1  a.  In¬ 
flammatory  affections,  200,  1  b.  Structural 
lesions,  2  a.  Functional  disorders,  204,  1  c. 

Brai'nard,  Daniel,  American  surgeon.  III.  205. 

Brainard,  John  Gardiner  Calkins,  American 
poet,  III.  205. 

Braine-l’Alleud,  or  Braine-la-Leude  [brain- 
la-lud],  town  of  Belgium,  III.  205. 

Braine-le-Comte  [-luh-kongt],  town  of  Bel¬ 
gium,  III.  205. 

Brainerd,  David,  American  missionary,  III. 
205. 

Brain'tree,  town  of  Massachusetts,  III.  205. 

Brake  [bra'-k6h],  town  of  Germany,  III.  205. 

Brahe,  fern,  VII.  150,  2  a.  Common  brake, 
2  c  (ill.). 

Brake,  for  retarding  the  motion  of  wheels, 
III.  205.  Creamer  brake,  206,  1  be  (ill.). 
Westinghouse  compressed  air  brake,  2  a 
(ill.).  Electric  brake,  2  b. 

Brahe  of  fire  engine,  YII.  211,  2  a. 

Brakenburg,  Regner  [bra'-ken-burg],  Dutch 
painter,  III.  206. 

Bra'mah,  Joseph,  English  engineer,  III.  206. 
His  locks,  2  be,  and  X.  563,  1  be. 

Bramah's  apparatus  for  mineral  waters ,  XI. 
596,  2  ab. 

Bramante  d’Urbino  [bra-man'-ta  door-be'- 
no],  Italian  architect,  III.  206. 

Brambanan',  town  of  Java,  III.  207.  Great 
temple  (ill.). 

Bramble,  bush,  III.  207  (ill.). 

Brambling,  bird,  YII.  190,  2  be  (ill.,  191). 

BramTiall,  John,  English  divine,  III.  208. 

Bran,  III.  208.  Its  properties  as  food,  1  c; 
VIII.  46,  2  a;  XYI.  588,  2  a  and  b. 

Brancadoro,  Cardinal,  referred  to,  II.  577,  1  c. 

Brancaleone,  Dandolo  [bran-ka-la-o'-na],  Ital¬ 
ian  statesman,  III.  208. 

Branch,  county,  III.  208. 

Branches,  in  siege  approaches,  XY.  29,  1  be. 

Branching  coral,  Y.  340,  1  b  (ill.). 


124: 


BEAN  CHIOPOD  A 


BRAZIL 


Branchiopgda  [brang-ke-op'-o-da],  (crustacea), 
III.  209. 

Bran'chipus  stagna'lis  (crustacea),  Y.  533,  2  ab. 
Branco,  Eio,  river  of  Brazil,  III.  209. 
Brandamar' te,  character  in  the  “  Orlando  In- 
namorato,”  YII.  63,  2  c. 

Branda'nus,  Saint :  see  Brendan. 

Brande,  William  Thomas,  English  chemist,  III. 

209.  His  theory  of  storms,  IX.  80,  2  b. 
Brandenburg  [bran'-den-boorg],  province  of 

Prussia,  III.  209.  History,  2  a.  Town, 

210.  1  a.  Origin  of  the  name,  ib. 
Brandenburg ,  Fort,  I.  210,  2  be  (Ahanta). 
Brandenburg  gate ,  in  Berlin,  II.  563,  2  a. 
Bran'dis,  Christian  August,  German  philoso¬ 
pher,  III.  210. 

Brandon ,  county  seat,  XI Y.  201,  2  c. 

Brandy,  III.  210.  French  brandies,  1  c,  2  c; 
adulteration  and  imitations  of,  2  ab,  and  I. 
133,  2  c.  Strength  and  grades  of  French 
brandy,  III.  210,  2  c.  Source  of  its  aroma, 
YI.  748,  2  ab. 

Brandywine  Creek,  III.  211.  Battle  of,  ib ., 
and  X.  95,  2  b. 

Branecki,  Franciszek  Xawery  [bra-nets'-ke], 
Polish  statesman,  III.  211. 

Sranibor ,  castle,  III.  210,  1  a. 

Branicki ,  F.  X.  [bra-nits'-ke] :  see  Branecki. 
Branicki,  Jan  Klemens,  Polish  statesman,  III. 

211. 

Branks :  see  Humps. 

Branksome  tower ,  Scotland,  YIII.  530,  1  ab. 
Brant,  county  of  Canada,  III.  211. 

Brant,  Joseph,  Mohawk  chief,  III.  211.  Prayer 
book  and  Gospel  of  Mark  published  by  him 
in  Mohawk,  lb.  Not  a  participant  in  the 
massacre  of  Wyoming,  XYI.  753,  2  a.  His 
son,  III.  211,  2  be. 

Brantford,  town  of  Canada,  III.  211. 

Brant  Goose  :  see  Goose,  YIII.  107,  1  b  (ill.). 
Brantome,  Pierre  Bourdeilles,  seigneur  de 
l’abbaye  de  [brang-tome],  French  historian, 
III.  211.  Andre  de  Bourdeilles,  soldier  and 
diplomatist,  212,  1  c. 

Braouezec,  I.  E.  [bra-wa-zek],  French  explorer, 
III.  212. 

Brascassat,  Jacques  Raymond  [bra-kas-sa], 
French  painter,  III.  212. 

Braschi ,  Gianangelo  [bras'-ke],  (Pope  Pius  YI.), 
XIII.  559,  1  c. 

Bras  de  fer  [bra  duh  fair],  sobriquet  of  La  Noue, 
X.  154,  1  b. 

Brase’nia  pelta'ta  (botany),  XYI.  508, 1  c  (ill.). 
Bras'idas,  Spartan  leader,  III.  212. 


Brasqued  crucible  [braskt],  II.  28,  2  c. 

Brass,  III.  213.  Composition  of  various  alloys 
(table),  213,  2  be.  Brass  solder,  214,  1  a. 

Brasseur  de  Bourbourg,  Charles  Etienne,  ab- 
be  [bras-sur  dull  boor-boor],  French  traveller 
and  archaeologist,  III.  214. 

Brassey,  Thomas,  English  railway  contractor, 
III.  214.  His  sons,  members  of  parliament, 
2  a. 

Brassica  (botany),  XII.  105,  1  a  (ill.).  B.  alba 
and  B.  nigra,  1  ab.  B.  oleracea,  III.  93, 
1  ab ;  523,  1  c.  B.  oleracea  botrytis,  IY. 
137,  2  ab  (ill.).  B.  campestris,  var.  rapa, 
XIY.  204,  2  be  (ill.,  205);  var.  napa,  XYI. 
74,  1  c  (ill.).  B.  campestris  oleifera,  XIY. 
205,  1  c. 

Brath' waite ,  Mr. ,  his  application  of  steam  to 
the  fire  engine,  YII.  211,  1  c. 

Brattle,  Thomas,  American  merchant,  III. 
214. 

Brattleboro,  town  of  Yermont,  III.  214. 

Braun,  August  Emil  [brown],  German  archae¬ 
ologist,  HI.  214. 

Braun,  Johann  Wilhelm  Joseph,  German  the¬ 
ologian,  III.  214. 

Braunau  [brow'-now],  Bohemia  (ill.),  II.  784. 

Braunsberg  [brownss'-pairg],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  III.  215. 

Braunschweig  [brown'-shwich],  Germany:  see 
Brunswick. 

Brauwer,  Adrian  [brow'-er],  Dutch  painter, 
III.  215. 

Bravo,  Nicolas  [bra'-vo],  Mexican  soldier  and 
statesman,  III.  215. 

Bravo  Murillo,  Juan  [moo-re'-lyo],  Spanish 
statesman,  III.  215. 

Braxton,  county,  III.  215. 

Braxton,  Carter,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  III.  215. 

Braxy ,  disease  of  sheep,  XII.  60,  2  c. 

Bray ,  voice  of  the  ass,  XI.  78,  1  a. 

Bray,  parish  of  England,  III.  216.  Yicar  of 
Bray,  1  a. 

Bray,  Anna  Eliza,  English  authoress,  III.  216. 

Bray,  Thomas,  English  clergyman  and  philan¬ 
thropist,  III.  216. 

Brayera  (botany),  II.  287,  1  b. 

Braying ,  cry  of  the  buck,  YII.  75,  2  a. 

Brazen  age  (archaeology),  I.  185,  2  c.. 

Brazen  bull  of  Phalaris ,  XIII.  379,  2  c;  re¬ 
ferred  to,  X.  407,  1  b. 

Brazen  lizard  (ill.),  IY.  227,  2  a. 

Brazil',  empire  of  South  America,  III.  216. 
Area  and  divisions,  2  a.  Population,  2  c. 


BRAZILETTO 


BREGENZER 


125 


Aborigines,  21V,  1  a.  Slavery,  2  ab.  Coast, 
218,  1  ab.  Surface,  1  c.  Rivers,  219,  2  a. 
Lakes,  220,  2  c.  Geology,  221,  1  a.  Min¬ 
erals,  2  a.  Fossil  remains,  222,  2  c.  Cli¬ 
mate,  223,  1  a.  Soil  and  vegetation,  1  be. 
Zoology,  225,  1  a.  Agriculture,  226,  1  b. 
Manufactures,  2  c.  Exports,  22V,  2  a.  In¬ 
ternal  communication,  228,  1  be.  Govern¬ 
ment,  229,  1  b.  Army  and  navy,  2  ab.  Fi¬ 
nances,  2  be.  Education,  230,  1  c.  Reli¬ 
gion,  2  c.  History,  231,  1  a.  First  discov¬ 
ery  of,  VII.  605,  1  b.  Literature :  see  Por¬ 
tugal,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XIII. 
V44,  1  c. 

Braziletto  wood ,  III.  232,  2  c. 

Brazilian  arrowroot ,  IV.  62,  2  b. 

Brazilian  breadfruit ,  III.  224,  1  c. 

Brazilian  pebbles,  XIV.  131,  2  c;  XV.  238, 1  c. 

Braziline  [braz'-e-lin],  dye,  III.  233,  1  be. 

Brazil  Nut,  III.  232  (ill.). 

Brazil  "Wood,  III.  232  (ill.,  233),  and  223,  2  a. 

Brazing,  union  of  metals  by  bard  solder,  III. 
233. 

Brazo'ria,  county,  III.  233. 

Brazos  [bras'-us ;  Sp.  bra'-soce],  river  of  Texas, 

III.  233. 

Brazos,  county,  III.  234. 

Brazos  de  Santiago  [san-te-a'-go],  Texan  port 
of  entry,  III.  234. 

Brazza  [brat'-sa],  island  of  Dalmatia,  III.  234. 

Bread:  see  Aliment,  I.  316,  2  ab.  Graham 
bread,  VIII.  143,  1  a;  XVI.  588,  2  a.  New 
England  brown  bread,  XIV.  504,  1  c. 

Bread  and  cheese  boys ,  the ,  XIII.  215,  1  b. 

Breadfruit,  III.  234.  Breadfruit  tree,  1  b 
(ills.). 

Break  [brake],  instrument  for  retarding  mo¬ 
tion  :  see  Brake.  Machine  for  breaking 
hemp,  VIII.  632,  2  a. 

Breakbone  fever ,  VI.  8,  1  be. 

Breakers ,  in  coal  mining,  V.  6V,  2  c. 

Breaking ,  in  vocal  elements,  1. 502, 2  a ;  503, 1  c. 

Breaking  of  flax,  VII.  264,  2  c. 

Breaking  frame ,  for  wool,  XVI.  V21,  1  b. 

Breaking  load ,  in  tests  of  strength,  how  mea¬ 
sured,  XV.  416,  1  a. 

Break-joints ,  in  lighthouse  building,  X.  461, 1  b. 

Breakneck ,  hill  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Breakspear ,  Nicholas  (Pope  Adrian  IV.),  1. 131, 
2  b.  His  birthplace,  10,  1  b.  His  visit  to 
Norway,  XII.  510,  2  c. 

Breakwater,  III.  234.  Of  Cherb®urg  harbor, 
235,  1  b  (section,  236) ;  at  Plymouth,  236, 
2  b  (section) ;  at  Dover,  23V,  1  c  (section) ; 


at  Portland,  23V,  2a;  of  Delaware  bay,  238, 
1  ab  (section) ;  on  the  northern  lakes,  239, 
1  c.  Principle  of  construction,  2  b.  At  Al¬ 
giers,  V.  209,  2  b. 

Bream,  fish)  III.  239.  American  bream,  1  c 
(ill.,  240) ;  European  breams,  240, 1  c.  Carp 
bream,  2  a  (ill.). 

Breant ,  M.  [bra-ang],  his  discovery  of  the  In¬ 
dian  process  of  making  steel,  V.  653,  1  c. 
Breast  hooks ,  in  ships,  XIV.  863,  2  a. 

Breast  roller ,  in  cotton  ginning,  X.  630,  1  a. 
Breastwork  monitors ,  IX.  386,  2  b. 

Breath  :  see  Respiration. 

Breathitt  [breth'-it],  county,  III.  240. 
Brebeuf,  Jean  de  [bruh-buf],  Jesuit  missionary 
in  Canada,  III.  240. 

Breo'cia  [Ital.  bret'-clia],  compound  rock,  III. 
240. 

Brechin  [brek'-in],  royal  burgh  of  Scotland, 
III.  241.  Round  tower,  1  a. 

Breck ,  meaning  of,  VII.  V2,  1  b. 
Breck'enridge,  county,  III.  241. 
Breckenridge,  John,  D.  D.,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  III.  241. 

Breckenridge,  John  Cabell,  American  politi¬ 
cian  and  soldier,  III.  241.  (Died  18V5.) 
Breckenridge,  Robert  Jefferson,  D.  D.,  Amer¬ 
ican  clergyman,  III.  241. 

Brecknock,  county  of  Wales,  III.  242. 
Brecknock,  borough  of  Wales,  III.  242. 
Brec'on :  see  Brecknock. 

Breda  [bra'-da],  town  of  the  Netherlands,  III. 
242.  Declaration  of  Breda,  2  c.  Peace  of 
Breda,  ib.  The  compromise  of  Breda,  243, 

1  a,  and  VIII.  818,  2  c. 

Brederode,  Hendrik  van,  count  [bra'-deh-ro- 
deh],  Dutch  patriot,  III.  242. 

Bredewardine :  see  Bradwardin. 

Bredow,  Gabriel  Gottfried  [bra'- do],  German 
historian,  III.  243. 

Bredwardine:  see  Bradwardin. 

Bree,  Mathieu  Ignace  van  [bra],  Belgian  paint¬ 
er,  III.  243.  Philippe  Jacques  van,  painter, 

2  c. 

Breech-loader:  see  Rifle,  XIV.  328,  1  a,  ff.; 

Fowling  Piece,  VII.  35V,  2  b. 
Breech-loading  cannon ,  I.  V92,  1  a,  ff.,  2  ab,  c; 

V93,  1  b ;  V94,  1  c. 

Breech  piece,  in  cannon,  I.  V93,  1  b. 

Breech  plug,  in  cannon,  I.  V92,  1  a. 

Breede  [bra'-deh],  river  of  S.  Africa,  III.  244. 
Bregenz  [bra'-ghents],  capital  of  Vorarlberg, 
III.  244  (ill.).  Lake  of,  1  ab. 

Bregenzer  Klause  [klow'-zeh],  pass,  III.  244, 1  a. 


126 


BREGENZER 


BRETON 


Bregenzer  Wald  [valt],  mountain,  III.  244, 1  a. 

Brisguet,  Abraham  Louis  [bra-ga],  French 
watchmaker,  III.  244.  Louis,  physicist,  1  c. 

Brehm,  Alfred  Edmund  [braim],  German  nat¬ 
uralist  and  traveller,  III.  244.  Christian 
Ludwig,  ornithologist,  2  a. 

Bre'hon  [Irish,  breh'-hun],  ancient  Irish  judge, 
III.  244,  2  b. 

Brehon  Laws,  of  Ireland,  III.  244.  Their 
spirit,  245,  2  c. 

Breidablik  [brl'-da-blik],  in  northern  mythol¬ 
ogy,  II.  237,  2  a. 

Breidenbach,  Bernhard  von  [bri/-den-bakh], 
German  priest,  III.  246. 

Breisach,  Alt  [alt  bri'-zakh],  town  of  Germany, 
III.  246  (iih).  Neu  [noi],  247,  1  a. 

Breisgau  [brice'-gow],  old  division  of  Ger¬ 
many,  III.  247. 

Breislak,  Scipione  [brice'-lak],  Italian  geolo¬ 
gist,  III.  247. 

Breithaupt,  Joachim  Justus  [brite'-howpt], 
German  clergyman,  III.  247. 

Breitkopf,  Johann  Gottlob  Immanuel  [brite'- 
kupf],  German  painter,  III.  247. 

Breizad  [bra-zad],  Celtic  language,  IV.  177, 1  b. 

Breiziz  [bra-zeez] :  see  Gael,  VII.  552,  1  b. 

Brellington :  see  Bridlington. 

Brem'en  [Ger.  bra'-men],  free  city  of  Germany, 
III.  247.  Territory,  2  ab.  Statue  of  Roland, 
248,  1  a  (ill.,  247).  Council  house,  247,  1  c 
(ill.,  248).  Bleikeller,  vault  preventing  de¬ 
composition  of  the  dead,  ib.  Wine  cellar 
and  casks,  248,  1  a.  Lloyd  for  northern 
Germany,  248,  1  be :  see  Lloyd’s,  X.  555, 
2  be. 

Bremen  blue  (verditer),  II.  757,  1  b. 

Brem'er,  county,  III.  249. 

Bremer,  Fredrika  [bra'-mer],  Swedish  novel¬ 
ist,  III.  249. 

Bremer  Beitrdge  [bra'-mer  bi'-tra-gheh],  Ger¬ 
man  periodical,  VII.  766, 1  be  ;  XIII.  296, 2  c. 

Bremeehafen,  or  Bremerhaven  [bra'-mer-ha- 
fen],  town  of  Germany,  III.  249. 

BremikeBs  logarithmic  tables ,  X.  578,  2  a. 

Bren'dan,  Irish  saint,  III.  249. 

Brendel,  Franz,  German  writer  on  music,  III. 
250. 

Brenham ,  county  seat,  XVI.  474,  2  b. 

Brenner,  mountain  of  Tyrol,  III.  250.  Pass,  1  a. 

Brennibor ,  castle,  III.  210, 1  a. 

Brennus,  two  Gallic  warriors,  III.  250  ;  IV. 
176,  2  a;  XIV.  404,  1  a. 

Brenta,  river  of  Italy,  III.  250. 

Bbentano,  Clemens  [bren-ta'-no],  German 


poet  and  novelist,  III.  250.  “  Mad  as  a  Bren- 
tano,”  proverbial  saying,  2  b. 

Brent'ford,  town  of  England,  III.  250. 

Brenton,  Edward  Pelham,  English  naval 
officer,  III.  251. 

Brentsville,  county  seat,  XIII.  844,  2  c. 

Brephotrophi'a ,  ancient  foundling  hospitals, 
VII.  347,  1  a.  See  346,  2  b  (j3pE<poTpo(j)eiov). 

Brera ,  the  [bra'-ra],  palace  of  science  and  art 
in  Milan,  XI.  532,  1  ab,  2  b. 

Beeschet,  Gilbert  [bra-sha],  French  physician, 
III.  251. 

Brescia  [bra'-sha],  province  of  Italy,  III.  251. 
Capital  city,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Breslau  [bres'-low],  city  of  Prussia,  III.  252 
(ill.).  Town  hall  (ill.),  253, 1  a. 

Breslau ,  Confession  of  VII.  736,  2  b. 

Bressani,  Francesco  Giuseppe  [bres-sa -ne], 
Italian  missionary,  III.  253. 

Bressant,  Jean  Baptiste  Prosper  [bra-sang], 
French  actor,  III.  253. 

Bresson,  Charles,  count  de  [bra-song],  French 
diplomatist,  III.  253. 

Brest,  town  of  France,  III.  254  (ilk). 

Brest  Litov'ski,  town  of  Russia,  III.  255. 

Bretagne  [bruh-tany’] :  see  Brittany. 

Breteuil ,  Be  [du.h  bruli-tuhy’],  French  minister, 
II.  376,  1  c. 

Brethren,  Bohemian :  see  Bohemian  Breth¬ 
ren. 

Brethren,  Plymouth:  see  Plymouth  Breth¬ 
ren. 

Brethren,  White,  sect,  III.  255. 

Brethren  of  the  Bridge ,  religious  and  philan¬ 
thropic  society,  III.  270,  2  b;  271,  1  ab. 

Brethren  of  Charity ,  founded  by  Rosmini, 

XIV.  442,  2  a. 

Brethren  and  Clerks  of  the  Common  Life, 
religious  order,  III.  255  ;  VIII.  263,  1  b ; 

XV.  140,  1  a.  Excellence  of  their  schools, 
VI.  413,  1  be. 

Brethren  of  the  Christian  Schools,  III.  255. 

Brethren  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  III.  256. 

Brethren  and  Sisters  of  the  Free  Spirit  : 
see  Begiiards,  II.  478,  2  b.  Referred  to, 
XI.  730,  2  b. 

Bretigny  [bra-te-nye],  treaty  of,  IV.  285,  2  a. 

Breton,  Jules  Adolphe  [bruh-tongJ,  French 
painter,  III.  256. 

Breton  Language  and  Literature  :  see 
Celts,  Languages  and  Literature  of  the. 

Breton  peasants  (ill.),  III.  300. 

Breton  de  los  IIerreros,  Manuel  [bra-tone' 
da  loce  air-ra'-roce],  Spanish  poet,  III.  256. 


BRETSCIINEIDER 


BRIDGEWATER 


127 


Bretschneider,  Karl  Gottlieb  [bret'-shni-der], 
Germau  theologian,  III.  256. 

Bretwalda ,  title  of  the  leading  chief  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  607,  1  be;  744,  2  be. 
Breughel,  Pieter  [brhh'-ghel],  Dutch  painter, 
III.  256.  Pieter  the  younger,  painter,  2  a. 
Jan  (Velvet  Breughel),  painter,  ib. 
Brevard',  county,  III.  256. 

Brevia ,  writs  (in  law),  XIII.  606,  2  c. 
Bre'viary,  III.  256. 

Brevia  testata ,  in  feudal  jaw,  X.  544,  1  ab. 
Brewing,  III.  257.  Materials,  1  b.  Malting, 
2  a.  Preparation  of  the  wort,  259, 1  a.  Fer¬ 
menting,  260,  2  b.  Clarifying,  262,  1  c. 
Adulterations,  2  ab. 

Brewster,  Sir  David,  Scottish  physicist,  III. 
263.  His  theory  of  color,  V.  96,  1  c  ;  97,  1  a 
and  b.  His  experiments  relating  to  fluores¬ 
cence,  VII.  289,  2  be.  His  kaleidoscope,  IX. 
735, 1  b.  His  observations  on  the  solar  spec¬ 
trum,  X.  441, 1  b.  His  discoveries  in  polari¬ 
zation,  446,  1  a ;  450,  1  c.  His  stereoscope, 
XV.  376,  2  a  (ill.). 

Brewster,  William,  elder  of  the  Plymouth  pil¬ 
grims,  III.  263. 

Brezeliande ,  forest  of  seat  of  the  fairies,  VII. 
64,  1  b. 

Bp.ezno  Banya  [brez'-no  ban'-yaw] :  see  Bries. 
Brialmont,  Henri  Alexis  [bre-al-mong],  Belgian 
military  writer,  III.  263. 

Brian  Boru,  Irish  king,  III.  263;  IX.  356, 
2  be. 

Brianqon  [bre-ang-soug],  town  of  France,  III. 
264  (ill.). 

Briangonnais  [bre-ang-sun-na],  a  district  of 
France,  III.  264,  1  c. 

Briansk  [bre-ansk'j,  town  of  Russia,  III.  264. 
Bria'reus,  in  Greek  mythology,  III.  264. 
Bribery,  in  law,  III.  264. 

Brick,  III.  265.  Ancient  bricks,  1  b.  Dutch, 
&c.,  2  b.  Brick  clay,  2  c;  analyses  of,  266, 

1  be;  preparation  of,  1  c.  Brick  burning, 
267,  1  a.  Hoffmann’s  annular  brick  furnace, 

2  a  (ill.).  Brick  machines,  268,  1  a.  Color 
and  size  of  bricks,  1  b.  Floating  bricks,  1  c. 
Fire  brick,  2  ab.  Bricklaying,  269,  1  a  ;  old 
English  bond  method,  1  b  (ill.);  Flemish 
bond,  1  c  (ill.).  Milwaukee  (cream-colored) 
brick,  268,  1  be;  VIII.  151,  1  ab. 

Beidaine,  Jacques  [bre-dain],  French  preacher 
and  missionary,  III.  269. 

Bride ,  Saint :  see  Bridget,  Saint.  St.  Bride’s 
church,  London,  X.  598,  2  a. 

Bride  cake,  V.  221,  2  c  (Confarreation). 


“  Brides ,”  in  lace  making,  X.  78,  1  c. 
Bridewell,  prison  in  London,  X.  611,  2  c. 
Bridge,  III.  270.  Bridge  of  Queen  Nitocris  at 
Babylon,  1  b.  Bridges  of  ancient  Rome,  1  c. 
Pons  Sublicius,  1  c;  272,  2  b.  Pons  Sena- 
torius  or  Palatinus,  270,  2  ab  (ill.).  Mediae¬ 
val  bridges,  2  b.  Old  LondoiDbridge,  271, 
1  a  (ill.).  The  Rialto,  1  c.  Bridge  of  Pont-y- 
Prydd,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  of  Neuilly,  2  ab  (ill.).  New 
London  bridge,  2  c  (ill.).  Arches  of  bridges, 
272,  1  a.  Wooden  bridges,  2  b.  Schuylkill 
bridge,  2  c  (ill.).  Lattice  truss,  273,  1  b. 
Long’s  truss,  2  a.  Howe’s  do.,  ib.  Bridge  at 
Havre  de  Grace,  2  b  (ill.).  Suspension  bridges, 

1  c.  Suspension  bridge  at  Cincinnati,  274,  2  b 
(ill.);  at  Niagara,  2  b,  XII.  417,  2  c;  be¬ 
tween  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  III.  274, 1  c 
(ill.,  275).  Cast-iron  bridges,  274,  2  c. 
Washington  aqueduct  bridge,  275,  1  c  (ill.). 
Wrought-iron  bridges,  ib.  Britannia  bridge, 

2  ab  (ill.).  Viaduct  bridge  at  Louisville, 
276, 1  a  (ill.).  Lattice  girder  (ills.),  ib.  Fink’s 
system,  ib.  Modified  Fink  trussed  girder  (ill.), 
2  a.  St.  Louis  bridge,  1  b  (ill.,  277).  Truss 
bridge  at  Rock  Island  (ill.),  ib.  Old  bridge 
at  La  Vieille  Brioude,  fall  of,  290,  2  b. 

Bridge,  Military,  III.  277.  Pontoons,  2  be. 
Pontoon  train,  278,  1  c.  Methods  of  con¬ 
struction,  2  a. 

Bridge,  Natural,  III.  279.  Natural  bridge  of 
Virginia,  1  a  (ill.);  of  Walker  co.,  Alabama, 
2  c.  Natural  bridges  in  California,  280,  1  a. 
Beidg'end,  town  of  Wales,  III.  280. 
Bridgenorth,  borough  of  England,  III.  280. 
Bridgeport,  city  of  Connecticut,  III.  280. 
Bridges,  in  a  lever  watch,  IV.  703,  2  c. 

Bridge  of  Sighs ,  in  Venice,  XVI.  298,  1  a. 
Bridget,  Saint,  of  Ireland,  III.  280. 

Bridget,  Saint ,  of  Sweden:  see  Brigida. 
Bridget,  Sisters  of  Saint,  III.  280. 

Bridgeton,  city  of  New  Jersey,  III.  281. 
Bridgetown,  city  of  Barbadoes,  III.  281. 
Bridgewater,  township  of  Massachusetts,  III. 

281.  Old  Bridgewater,  1  c  ;  East,  2  a;  North, 
2  b ;  West,  2  be. 

Bridgewater,  seaport  of  England,  III.  281. 
Bridgewater,  battle  of,  X.  720,  1  a. 
Bridgewater,  Francis  Egerton,  duke  of,  III. 

282. 

Bridgewater,  Francis  Henry  Egerton,  earl  of, 
III.  282.  Originator  of  the  “Bridgewater 
Treatises,”  1  c. 

Bridgewater  Treatises,  origin  of,  III.  282,  1  c; 
authors  of,  2  a. 


128 


BRIDGMAN 


BRISSOTINS 


Bridgman,  Laura,  American  blind  deaf  mute, 
III.  282. 

Bridlington,  parish  of  England,  III.  283. 
Bridlington  Quay,  2  a. 

Bridport,  seaport  of  England,  III.  283.  Brid- 
port  dagger,  origin  of  the  term,  2  be. 

Brie  [bre],  district  of  France,  III.  283. 

Brief,  III.  284.  A  writ,  1  a.  Pontifical  letter, 

1  ab  (see  Bull,  Papal).  In  modern  law,  1  b. 
Brieg  [breeg],  town  of  Prussia,  III.  284. 

Briel  [breel],  seaport  of  Holland,  III.  284. 
Brielle  [Fr.  bre-el] :  see  Briel. 

Brienne,  or  Brienne-le-Chateau  [bre-en-luh- 
sha-to],  town  of  France,  III.  284.  Military 
college  of,  2  b  (ill.).  Battle  of,  ib. 

Brienne ,  Gaultier  de,  lord  of  Florence,  VII. 

277,  2  a. 

Brienz  [bre'-ents],  Lake  of,  III.  284.  Village, 
285,  1  a. 

Bri'er ,  plant,  XV.  113,  1  be.  China  brier,  2  a. 
Common  brier,  XIV.  434,  1  b.  Yellow  brier, 
435,  1  c. 

Brier  Creek,  Georgia,  battle  of,  III.  285. 
Brierwood  pipes,  XIII.  536,  1  a.  See  XV.  113, 

2  c. 

Bries  [breece],  town  of  Hungary,  III.  285. 
Brig ,  a  vessel,  XIV.  855,  1  c.  Brig  of  war,  XII. 
188,  2  be. 

Brigade  [bre-gaid'],  I.  752,  2  b;  XIV.  261,  2  c; 

in  Germany,  IX.  270,  1  b. 

Brigantes  [bre-gan'-teez],  ancient  tribe  of  Brit¬ 
ain,  I.  575,  2  a. 

Brigantium ,  name  of  two  ancient  towns :  see 
Bregenz  and  Brianqon. 

Brigensis  pay  us ,  or  saltus ,  ancient  name  of 
Brie,  III.  283,  2  c. 

Briggs,  Charles  Frederick,  American  author 
and  journalist,  III.  285.  (Died  1878.) 
Briggs ,  Henry ,  his  system  of  logarithms,  X. 
577,  2  b. 

Briggs,  Henry  Perronet,  English  painter,  III. 
285. 

Brigham,  Amariah  [brig'-um],  American  phy¬ 
sician,  III.  285. 

Brigham  City,  county  seat,  III.  170,  1  c. 
Brigha'mia  (botany),  III.  285.  B.  insignis,  2  be 
(ill.). 

Bright ,  Jacob ,  advocate  of  woman  suffrage  in 
the  English  parliament,  XVI.  702,  1  ab. 
Bright,  Jesse  D.,  American  senator,  III.  286. 
Bright,  John,  English  statesman,  III.  286. 
Opposition  to  the  foreign  conspiracy  bill, 
1  c.  Extension  of  the  elective  franchise,  ib. 
Opponent  of  woman  suffrage,  XVI.  702,  1  b. 


Bright,  Richard,  English  physician,  III.  286. 
Brighton,  town  of  Massachusetts,  III.  286. 
Brighton,  town  of  England,  III.  286  ;  view, 
287. 

Bright' s  disease :  see  Albuminuria  ;  Kidney, 
IX.  827,  2  c ;  and  Bright,  Richard. 

Brigida  [brij'-e-da],  Saint,  of  Sweden,  III.  287. 
Her  revelations,  2  c. 

Brigittins,  or  Order  of  our  Saviour,  III.  288. 

Referred  to,  XI.  730,  2  ab  (Monachism). 
Brignoles  [bre-nytil],  town  of  France,  III.  288. 
Brihaspati ,  Hindoo  god  of  prayer,  IX.  224,  2  c. 
Brihuega  [bre-wa'-ga],  town  of  Spain,  III.  288. 
Bril,  Paul,  Flemish  painter,  III.  288. 

Brill ,  town  :  see  Briel. 

Brill ,  fish,  XVI.  45,  2  be. 

Brillat-Savarin,  Anthelme  [bre-ya-sa-va- 
raDg],  French  author  and  magistrate,  III.  288 ; 

II.  288,  2  c. 

Brilliant  fire,  Chinese,  in  pyrotechny,  XIV. 
117,  1  c. 

Brimstone,  XV.  457,  1  a. 

Brimstone  wood,  X.  397,  2  be. 

Brindisi  [brin'-de-ze],  seaport  of  Italy,  III.  288. 

Castle  of,  2  ab  (ill.,  289). 

Brindley,  James,  English  mechanic  and  engi¬ 
neer,  III.  289. 

Brine,  III.  289.  Natural,  1  b ;  XIV.  579,  1  b. 
Artificial,  III.  289,  1  b ;  XIII.  823,  2  b. 
Purification  of,  III.  289,  2  c;  VI.  72,  2  c. 
Brine  worm ,  V.  533,  2  ab. 

Brink'mann,  Karl  Gustaf,  Swedish  diplomatist 
and  poet,  III.  289. 

Brinvilliers,  Marie  Marguerite  d’Aubray,  mar¬ 
chioness  de  [brang-ve-lya],  French  poisoner, 

III.  290. 

Brion,  Luis  [bre-oan'J,  admiral  of  Colombia, 

III.  290 ;  8,  1  b,  2  ab. 

Brion,  Simon  de  [dull  bre-ong],  (Pope  Martin 

IV. ),  XI.  208,  1  be. 

Brioude  [bre-ood],  town  of  France,  III.  290. 

Fall  of  the  bridge  at  La  Vieille  Brioude,  2  b. 
Brisacii  [Fr.  bre-zak] :  see  Breisach. 
Bris'bane,  county  of  New  South  Wales,  III. 
290.  Town,  2  c. 

Briseis  [bri-se'-is],  mistress  of  Achilles,  I.  64, 
2  b ;  IV.  561,  1  ab. 

Brisgau  [briss'-gow] :  see  Breisgau. 

Brisson,  Mathurin  Jacques  [bre-song],  French 
sarant,  III.  291.  His  Ornithologia ,  XIII. 
704,  2  c. 

Brissot,  Jean  Pierre  [bre-so],  French  revolu¬ 
tionist,  III.  291.  Brissotins,  1  c. 

Brissotins  [Fr.  bre-so-tang] :  see  Girondists. 


BRISTED 


BRODERIE 


129 


4 

Bris'ted,  John,  American  clergyman,  III.  291. 

Charles  Astor,  author,  2  a.  (Died  1874.) 
Bristol,  two  counties,  III.  291. 

Bristol,  town  of  Rhode  Island,  III.  292. 
Mount  Hope,  1  a. 

Bristol,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  III.  292. 
Bristol,  city  of  England,  III.  292.  Church  of 
St.  Mary  Redcliff,  293, 1  a  (ill.,  292).  Guild¬ 
hall,  ib.  (ill.). 

Bristol  Brick,  III.  293. 

Bristol  Channel,  III.  293. 

Bristol  diamonds ,  VIII.  38,  1  be. 

Brit,  fish,  III.  293 ;  VIII.  697,  1  b. 

Britain,  or  Britannia,  ancient  name  of  Great 
Britain,  III.  293. 

Britan' nia :  see  Britain. 

Britannia  Metal,  III.  294;  I.  336, 1  c.  Com¬ 
position  of,  I.  565,  2  a;  XIII.  377,  1  b. 
Britannicus,  son  of  the  emperor  Claudius,  III. 

294;  XII.  230,  2  ab. 

British  America,  III.  294. 

British  American ,  pseudonym e,  XI.  240,  2  b. 
British  association  for  the  advancement  of  sci¬ 
ence,  I.  137,  1  b. 

British  band ,  so  styled  (of  Indians),  VII.  363, 
1  a. 

British  Burmah  :  see  Burmah,  British. 
British  Columbia,  province  of  Canada,  III. 
294.  Population,  2  a.  Coast  line,  ib.  Phys¬ 
ical  features,  2  b.  Climate,  295,  1  b.  Soil 
and  productions,  1  c.  Animals,  2  a.  Miner¬ 
als  and  mining,  2  b.  Exports,  296,  1  ab. 
Government,  1  c.  History,  ib. 

British  Empire,  III.  296.  In  Europe,  1  c.  In 
Asia,  297,  1  a.  In  Africa,  1  b.  In  America, 
ib.  In  Australasia,  1  c.  Area  and  popula¬ 
tion,  ib. 

British  and  foreign  Bible  society ,  II.  614,  2  c; 

615,  1  c. 

British  Gum,  III.  297,  and  259,  1  c ;  VI.  65, 

1  c. 

British  influence ,  a  party  watchword,  I.  93,  2  a. 
British  institute  of  actuaries,  X.  429,  1  a. 
British  lustre ,  I.  557,  1  a. 

British  Museum,  III.  297  (ill.).  Reading  room, 
298,  1  a  (ill.).  Library,  1  c.  Collection  of 
antiquities,  299, 1  ab ;  of  natural  history,  1  c. 
Government,  2  ab.  Rules  of  admission,  2  be. 
Catalogue,  2  b. 

British  national  gallery ,  II.  430,  1  c;  X.  605, 

2  c. 

British  oil ,  IX.  811,  2  b. 

British  orders  in  council ,  against  French  com¬ 
merce,  V.  288,  lb;  II.  725, 1  b.  Their  effect 
9 


on  American  commerce,  XVI.  162,  2  c.  Re¬ 
peal  of  the  orders  in  relation  to  the  rights  of 
neutrals,  X.  826,  1  c.  See  Berlin  and  Milan 
decrees  (Index). 

British  point ,  kind  of  lace,  X.  79,  1  c. 

Brito,  Richard,  one  of  the  assassins  of  Becket, 
II.  441,  2  b. 

Brittany,  former  province  of  France,  III.  299. 
Present  divisions,  300,  1  a.  Breton  peasants 
(ill.),  1  b.  History,  1  c. 

Brittle  stars,  star  fishes,  VI.  387,  1  ab ;  XII. 
644,  1  b. 

Britton,  John,  English  antiquary,  III.  301. 
Britton  club,  1  b. 

Briva  Isarce,  ancient  town :  see  Pontoise. 

Brives,  or  Brives-la-Gaillarde  [breev-la-ga- 
yard],  town  of  France,  III.  301. 

Brix'en,  town  of  Tyrol,  III.  301.  Council  of 
1080,  2  a. 

Brix'ham,  seaport  of  England,  III.  301.  Monu¬ 
ment  to  the  landing  of  William  III.,  2  ab. 

Broach,  district  of  India,  III.  301.  City,  2  b. 

Broadcloth,  manufacture  of,  XVI.  718,  1  a. 

Broad  River,  of  X.  and  S.  Carolina,  III.  301. 

Broadsioord,  Roman,  I.  734,  2  c. 

Broadus,  Jobn  Albert  [braw'-dus],  American 
clergyman,  III.  301. 

Broc,  Ranulph  de,  castle  of,  II.  441,  2  b. 

Brocade',  textile  fabric,  III.  302. 

Brocatella,  kind  of  marble,  XI.  147,  1  be. 

Brocciii,  Giovanni  Battista  [brok'-ke],  Italian 
mineralogist  and  geologist,  III.  302. 

Broc'coli,  species  of  cabbage,  III.  302  (ill.). 

Brock,  Isaac,  British  general,  III.  302. 

Brock'edon,  William,  English  artist  and  in¬ 
ventor,  III.  302. 

Brocken,  the,  summit  of  the  Hartz  mountains, 
VIII.  492,  2  c  (ill.);  493,  2  c.  Spectre  of, 
allusion  to,  I.  352,  2  c. 

Brocket ,  deer,  V.  761,  1  b;  XIV.  386,  1  a. 

Brockhaus,  Friedrich  Arnold  [bruk'-house], 
German  publisher,  III.  302.  Friedrich  and 
Heinrich,  303,  1  b.  Heinrich  Eduard  and 
Heinrich  Rudolf,  1  c.  Hermann,  orientalist, 
2  a  (died  1877). 

Brocklesby,  Richard  [brok'-l’z-be],  English 
physician,  III.  303. 

Brock'port,  village  of  New  York,  III.  303. 

Brockville,  town  of  Canada,  III.  303. 

Brocom' agus ,  ancient  town  :  see  Brumath. 

Broderick,  David  Colbreth  [brod'-rik],  Amer¬ 
ican  politician,  III.  304. 

Broderie  de  Malines  [bruh-dre  dull  ma-leen], 
Mechlin  lace,  X.  78,  2  b. 


130 


BEODERIP 


BRONZE 


Beod'erip,  William  John,  English  naturalist, 
III.  304. 

Brodhead,  John  Romeyn,  American  historian, 
III.  304. 

Bro'die,  Sir  Benjamin  Collins,  English  sur¬ 
geon,  III.  304.  Sir  Benjamin  Collins,  pro¬ 
fessor  of  chemistry,  2  be. 

Brody,  town  of  Austria,  III.  304. 

Brodzinski,  Kazimierz  [brod-zhin'-ske],  Polish 
soldier  and  poet,  III.  305. 

Brofferio,  Angelo  [brof-fa'-re-o],  Italian  poet 
and  politician,  III.  305. 

Brogan' :  see  Brogue. 

Broghill ,  Lord  (Roger  Boyle),  III.  173,  2  a. 

Broglia  [bro'-lya] :  see  Broglie. 

Broglie  [broy’  or  briih-lye],  French  family, 
III.  305.  Francois  Marie,  1  c.  Victor  Mau¬ 
rice,  count  de,  ib.  Frangois  Marie,  first 
duke  de,  general  and  diplomatist,  ib.  Vic¬ 
tor  Frangois,  second  duke  de,  marshal  of 
France,  ib.  Claude  Victor,  prince  de,  poli¬ 
tician  and  genera],  2  a.  Achille  Leonce 
Victor  Charles,  duke  de,  statesman,  ib.  Al- 
bertine  Ida  Gustavine  de  Stael,  duchess  de, 
authoress,  2  c.  Albert,  duke  de,  statesman 
and  author,  306,  1  a.  Maurice  Jean  Made¬ 
leine,  bishop  of  Ghent,  1  b. 

Brogni,  Jean  Allarmet,  cardinal  de  [duh  bro- 
nye],  Roman  prelate,  III.  306. 

Brogue  [broag],  coarse  clog  or  shoe,  III.  306. 
In  speech,  1  c. 

Brohan,  Augustine  Suzanne  [bro-ang],  French 
actress,  III.  306.  Josephine  Felicite  Augus¬ 
tine,  2  a.  Bmilie  Madeleine,  2  c. 

Broke,  Sir  Philip  Bowes  Vere  [brook],  British 
admiral,  III.  306. 

Broken  Wind,  disease  of  horses,  III.  307. 

Broker,  how  differing  from  factor,  VII.  54, 1  b. 

Brokers ,  stock ,  XV.  387,  2  c.  New  York 
board  of,  388,  1  a ;  Paris,  2  c. 

Broma :  see  Cocoa,  IV.  790,  1  a. 

Bromal ,  hydrate  of,  as  a  hypnotic,  III.  309, 
1  ab. 

Bromberg  [brum'-bairg],  city  of  Prussia,  III. 
307. 

Brome,  county  of  Canada,  III.  307. 

Brome,  Richard,  English  dramatist,  III.  307. 
Alexander,  wrriter,  2  a. 

Brome  grass :  see  Chess,  IV.  384,  1  c. 

Brome'lia  an' anas  (botany),  XIII.  527,  2  c. 

Bromelia' cece  (botany),  XIII.  527,  2  c. 

Bromide  of  potassium,  in  medicine,  I.  572,  \  c; 
II.  307,  2  b. 

Beomides  [bro'-midz],  salts  of  bromine,  III.  307. 


Bromine  [bro'-min],  chemical  element,  III. 
307.  Sources,  2  c.  Preparation,  308,  1  b. 
Properties  and  uses,  2  b.  Discovery  of,  in 
sea  water,  II.  235,  1  a. 

Bromley  [brum'-le],  town  of  England,  III.  309. 
Bromme,  Traugott  [brum'-meli],  German  trav¬ 
eller  and  bookseller,  III.  309.  Karl  Rudolf, 
naval  engineer,  1  c. 

Beo'moform,  chemical  compound,  III.  309. 
Brom'sebro,  treaty  of,  IV.  528,  1  a. 
Bromsgeove,  towm  of  England,  III.  309. 
Bromus  (botany),  IV.  384,  1  c.  B.  asper,  2  a 
(ill.),  and  other  species.  B.  secalinus,  1  c 
and  2  a;  VIII.  169,  1  ab;  XVI.  587,  1  c. 
B.  mollis,  IV.  3-85,  2  a  (ill.).  B.  Scliraderi, 
VIII.  168,  2  b.  B.  unioloides,  ib. 

Bronchi  [brong'-ki],  branches  of  the  trachea, 

III.  309  ;  X.  721,  1  c. 

Bronchial  arteries,  X.  722,  1  c.  Bronchial 
glands,  ib. 

Bronchial  catarrh ,  III.  310,  1  a. 

Bronchial  tubes,  III.  309,  2  c;  X.  721,  2  a; 

IV.  387,  2  a. 

Bronchitis  [brong-ki'-tis],  disease,  III.  309. 
Hay  bronchitis  (hay  fever),  310,  2  c.  Ca¬ 
pillary  bronchitis,  311,  2  c.  Influenza,  312, 

1  be.  Diphtheritic  bronchitis,  2  a. 

Bron' chocele,  goitre,  VIII.  70,  2  a. 
Bronchoplasty ,  surgical  operation,  II.  156,  2  b. 
Bronchorrhod a :  see  Bronchitis,  III.  311, 1  be. 
Brondsted,  Peder  Oluf  [bron'-sted],  Danish 

archaeologist,  III.  312. 

Brongniart,  Alexandre  Theodore  [brong-nye- 
ar],  French  architect,  III.  313.  Antoine 
Louis,  chemist,  1  a.  Alexandre,  chemist  and 
geologist,  1  b.  His  classification  of  mineral 
earths,  XI.  590,  1  b ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  692, 

2  c.  Adolphe  Theodore,  botanist,  III.  313, 1  c. 
Bronner,  Johann  Philipp  [brun'-ner],  German 

writer  on  wdnes,  III.  313. 

Bronson,  original  name  of  Kalamazoo,  IX. 
734,  2  be. 

Bronte  [bron'-ta],  town  of  Sicily,  III.  313. 
Bron'te,  Charlotte,  English  novelist,  III.  313. 
Emily  and  Anne,  ib. 

Brontothe'ridce  (zoology),  XI.  197,  2  c;  XIV. 
290,  1  c. 

Bronze,  metallic  alloy,  III.  314.  Ancient  use 
of,  1  be.  Aluminum  bronze,  315,  1  c. 
Bronze  age  (archaeology),  I.  185,  2  c;  642,  1  c; 

643,  2  c;  644,  1  c,  2  b,  c;  VII.  197,  1  be. 
Bronzed  skin,  disease,  VII.  836,  1  c. 

Bronze  wolf,  of  the  Roman  capitol,  referred 
to,  III.  756,  2  be. 


BRONZING 


BROWN 


131 


Bronzing,  III.  315  ;  XII.  771,  1  be.  Tucker’s 
process  for  bronzing  cast  iron,  III.  316,  1  ab. 
Bronzino ,  Agnolo  [bron-dze'-no],  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  I.  334,  2  b. 

Broodhuis  [brode'-hois],  Brussels,  where  Eg- 
mont  and  Horn  spent  their  last  night,  III. 
368,  1  c. 

Brooke ,  Lord :  see  Greyille,  Sir  Fulke. 
Brooke,  county,  III.  316. 

Brooke,  Frances,  English  authoress,  III.  316. 
Brooke,  Francis  J.,  American  magistrate,  III. 
316.  Francis  J.,  soldier,  1  a.  George  Mer¬ 
cer,  general,  ib. 

Brooke,  Henry,  Irish  novelist,  III.  316. 
Brooke,  Sir  James,  rajah  of  Sarawak,  III.  316. 
Brookings,  county,  III.  317. 

Brookline,  town  of  Massachusetts,  III.  317. 
Reservoir  for  supplying  Boston  with  water, 
2  a. 

Brooklyn,  city  of  New  York,  III.  317.  Di¬ 
visions,  2  c.  Population,  318,  1  a.  Streets, 

1  b.  Buildings,  1  c.  Church  edifices,  2  c ; 
churches,  326,  1  b.  Prospect  park,  319,  1  c  ; 
other  parks,  2  b.  Greenwood  cemetery, 

2  c ;  main  entrance,  ib.  (ill.,  320) ;  other 
cemeteries,  320,  1  b.  Steam  ferries,  1  c. 
Fulton  ferry  in  1791  (ill.),  2  c.  East  river 
bridge,  321,  1  a.  Railroads,  2  a.  Com¬ 
merce,  2  b.  Atlantic  dock,  2  c  (ill.,  322). 
U.  S.  navy  yard,  322,  2  b.  Manufactures, 
2  c.  Government,  323,  1  c.  Water  supply, 
2  c;  XVI.  510,  2  ab.  Finances,  III.  324, 
1  b.  Charitable  institutions,  2  a.  Schools, 
325,  1  a.  Libraries,  &c.,  2  b.  History,  326, 
1  c.  Fire  in  1848,  327,  1  a;  Y.  237,  1  c. 

Brooklyn ,  county  seat,  XVI.  661,  1  c. 

Brook  minnow ,  fish,  Y.  628,  2  be. 

Brooks,  county,  III.  327. 

Brooks,  Charles  Shirley,  English  author,  III. 

327.  (Died  1874.) 

Brooks,  Charles  Timothy,  American  author, 

III.  327. 

Brooks,  James,  American  journalist,  III.  327. 

Erastus,  journalist,  2  c. 

Brooks,  James  Gordon,  American  poet,  III.  328. 

Mary  Elizabeth,  writer  and  designer,  1  b. 
Brooks,  John,  M.  D.,  American  military  offi¬ 
cer,  III.  328. 

Brooks,  Maria,  American  poetess,  III.  328. 
Brooks,  Peter  Chardon,  American  merchant, 
III.  328. 

Brooks,  Phillips,  American  clergyman,  III.  328. 
Brooks,  Preston  S.,  American  politician,  III. 

328.  His  assault  on  Mr.  Sumner,  2c;  its  in¬ 


direct  occasion,  489,  2  a.  See  Burlingame, 
Anson,  460,  1  a. 

Brooks's ,  club,  London,  X.  607,  2  be. 

Brookmlle ,  county  seats,  VII.  434,  2  b;  IX. 
586,  1  c. 

Broom,  plant,  III.  329  (ill.). 

Broom  Corn,  plant,  III.  329  (ill.).  ^ 

Broome,  county,  III.  330. 

Broome,  William,  English  author,  III.  330. 

Broschi ,  Carlo  [bros'-ke] :  see  Farinelli. 

Bro'simum  galactoden' dron  (botany),  Y.  445, 
1  be. 

Brosimus  (ichthyology),  Y.  592,  1  b.  B.  fla- 
vescens,  1  b  (ill.).  B.  vulgaris,  2  a. 

Brosses,  Charles  de  [dull  bruss],  French  au¬ 
thor,  III.  330. 

Brosset,  Marie  Felicite  [briis-sa],  French  ori¬ 
entalist,  III.  330. 

Brother  Jonathan ,  origin  of  the  expression, 
XVI.  15,  1  ab. 

Brothers,  Richard,  English  fanatic,  III.  331. 

Brothers  of  Charity :  see  Charity,  Brothers  of. 

Brothers  of  the  Christian  schools,  popular  edu¬ 
cators,  X.  177,  1  b;  XI.  731,  1  b.  Suppres¬ 
sion  of  them  in  Germany,  XI.  732,  1  a.  See 
Brethren  of  the  Christian  Schools. 

Brothers  of  hospitality ,  IY.  277,  2  a. 

Brothers  hospitallers ,  IY.  277,  2  a;  XI.  730, 
1  b.  Of  St.  John  in  Jerusalem,  XIY.  535,  2  a. 

Brotherton  Indians ,  referred  to,  XI.  701,  1  be. 

Brouckere,  Charles  Marie  Joseph  Ghislain 
de  [broo-kair],  Belgian  statesman,  III.  331. 
Henri  Marie  Joseph  Ghislain  de,  2  b. 

Brougham,  Henry  [broo'-um  or  broom],  lord 
chancellor  of  England,  III.  331. 

Brougham,  John,  Irish  actor  and  playwright, 
III.  333. 

Broughton,  Lord  [brow'-tun] :  see  IIoBnousE. 

Broussa  :  see  Brusa. 

Broussais,  Francois  Joseph  Victor  [broo-sa], 
French  physician,  III.  333.  His  “  physio¬ 
logical  system  of  medicine,”  2  be ;  337,  2  a. 

Brousson,  Claude  [broo-soug],  French  Protes¬ 
tant  martyr,  III.  334. 

Broussonnet,  Pierre  Auguste  [broo-sun-nd], 
French  physician  and  naturalist,  III.  334. 

Broussone' tia  (botany),  XII.  29,  2  ab.  B.  pa- 
pyrifera,  ib.  (ill.). 

Brouwer ,  Adrian  [brow'-er] :  see  Brauwer. 

Brown,  seven  counties,  III.  334. 

Brown,  Benjamin  Gratz,  American  journalist, 
III.  335. 

Brown,  Charles  Brockden,  American  novelist, 
III.  335;  XYI.  192,  1  ab. 


132 


BROWN 


BRUCE 


Brown,  Ford  Madox,  English  painter,  III.  335. 
Brown,  Goold,  American  grammarian,  III.  336. 
Brown,  Henry  Kirke,  American  sculptor,  III. 
336. 

Brown,  Hugh  Stowell,  English  clergyman,  III. 
336. 

Brown,  Jacob,  American  general,  III.  336. 
Brown,  John,  English  author,  III.  336. 

Brown,  John,  Scottish  Biblical  critic,  III.  336. 
Brown,  John,  Scottish  physician,  III.  336. 
Founder  of  the  Brunonian  system,  2  c.  His 
medical  theory,  337,  1  c. 

Brown,  John,  American  officer,  III.  337. 
Brown,  John,  Scottish  divine,  III.  337. 
Brown,  John,  Scottish  author,  III.  337. 
Brown,  John,  American  abolitionist,  III.  338. 
His  invasion  of  Virginia,  340,  1  ab ;  trial 
and  execution,  341,  1  c.  See  Kansas,  IX. 
755,  1  a. 

Brown,  John  Newton,  American  clergyman, 
III.  341. 

Brown,  Nicholas,  patron  of  Brown  university, 
III.  342. 

Brown ,  Owen,  treasurer  under  John  Brown’s 
constitution,  III.  339,  2  be. 

Brown ,  Bawdon ,  English  scholar,  referred  to, 
III.  530,  1  a;  531,  1  b. 

Brown,  Robert,  founder  of  the  sect  of  Brown- 
ists,  III.  342;  IX.  199,  1  c. 

Brown,  Robert,  British  botanist,  III.  342. 
Brown,  Sir  Samuel,  English  engineer,  III.  343. 
Brown,  Samuel,  Scottish  chemist  and  poet, 
III.  343. 

Brown,  Tarleton,  American  soldier,  III.  343. 
Brown,  Thomas,  English  satirist,  III.  343. 
Brown,  Thomas,  Scottish  philosopher,  III.  343. 
See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  807,  2  a ;  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XIII.  445,  2  b. 

Brown,  William  Laurence,  Scottish  theologian, 
III.  344. 

Brown'bill,  weapon :  see  Bill,  II.  639,  1  c. 
Brown  Coal,  III.  344.  Jet,  2  a. 

Browne,  Charles  Farrar,  American  humorist, 
III.  344. 

Browne,  Edward  Harold,  English  bishop,  III. 

344. 

Browne,  Frances,  Irish  poetess,  III.  344. 
Browne,  George,  count,  Russian  general,  III. 

345. 

Browne,  Henriette  (pseudonyme),  French  ar¬ 
tist,  III.  345. 

Browne,  Isaac  Hawkins,  English  poet.  III.  345. 
Browne,  John  Ross,  American  traveller  and 
author,  III.  345.  (Died  1875.) 


Browne,  Mary  Ann,  English  poetess,  III.  345. 

Browne,  Simon,  English  theologian,  III.  346. 

Browne,  Sir  Thomas,  English  physician  and 
author,  III.  346. 

Browne,  William,  English  poet,  III.  346. 

Browne,  William  George,  English  traveller, 
III.  346. 

Brown'ell,  Henry  Howard,  American  author, 
III.  346. 

Brownell,  Thomas  Church,  American  bishop, 
III.  346. 

Brown  gum  tree ,  X.  13,  1  a. 

Brown  howler,  monkey,  XI.  750,  2  c. 

Brownie,  fairy,  VII.  65,  1  a. 

Browning,  Elizabeth  Barrett,  English  poetess, 
III.  346. 

Browning,  Robert,  English  poet,  III.  347. 

Brownists,  English  sect,  III.  342,  1  b;  their 
views,  2  be.  Name  changed  to  Indepen¬ 
dents,  IX.  199,  1  c. 

Brownites  and  Gullenites ,  medical  schools,  III. 
337,  1  b. 

Brown'low,  William  Gannaway,  American 
clergyman,  journalist,  and  politician,  III.  348. 

Brown  ore  (iron),  IX.  408,  1  a. 

Brown-Sequard,  Charles  Edward  [-sa-kar], 
French-American  physiologist,  III.  348.  His 
experiments  on  the  nature  of  blood,  II.  731, 
2  be;  732,  2  be;  733,  1  ab,  2  be;  734,  1  b, 
2  a;  735,  2  c;  736,  1  ab.  On  aniiiial  elec¬ 
tricity,  I.  519,  1  a,  2  a,  b,  c.  On  aphasia  in 
insanity,  IX.  306,  1  c. 

Brownson,  Orestes  Augustus,  American  au¬ 
thor,  III.  349.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  447, 
2  ab.  (Died  1876.) 

Brown  Spar,  kind  of  dolomite,  III.  850. 

Brownstown,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  2  b. 

Brownsville,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  III. 
350.  City  of  Texas,  1  b.  Village  of  Ten¬ 
nessee,  1  c. 

Brownsville ,  county  seats,  VI.  408,  2  b  ;  VIII. 
553,  2  b. 

Brown  University,  III.  350. 

Bruce,  county  of  Canada,  III.  351. 

Bruce,  noble  family  of  Scotland,  III.  351. 
Robert,  lord  of  Annandale,  claimant  of  the 
crown,  2  b.  Robert,  earl  of  Carrick,  2  be. 
Robert,  king,  1  c.  Castle  hill,  place  of  his 
decease,  781, 1  be.  David  II.,  king,  352,  2  b. 
Edward,  king  of  Ireland,  2  c;  IX.  357, 1  c. 

Bruce ,  Dr.  Archibald ,  founder  of  the  first  origi¬ 
nal  American  scientific  journal,  VII.  691,  2  b. 

Bruce,  James,  Scottish  traveller,  III.  353;  I. 
170,  2  b. 


BRUCE 


BRUNO 


133 


Bruce,  Michael,  Scottish  poet,  III.  353. 
Brucher ,  Antoine  [bru-sha],  French  engraver, 
reputed  inventor  of  the  coining  mill,  XI.  610, 
2  b. 

Bruchium  [bru'-ke-um],  royal  division  of  an¬ 
cient  Alexandria,  I.  290,  2  be. 

Bruciisal  [brookh'-sal],  town  of  Baden,  III. 
353. 

Bru'chus  pisi  (entomology),  XIII.  203,  1  b; 

XVI.  536,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Bru'cia,  vegetable  alkali,  III.  353. 

Bruce  [brook],  two  towns  of  Austria,  B.-on-the- 
Leitha  [-ll'-ta]  and  B.-on-the-Mur  [-moor], 
III.  353. 

Bruck :  see  Brugg. 

Bruck ,  G.  L.  von,  founder  of  the  Austrian 
Lloyd’s,  X.  555,  2  b. 

Briecke  [briik'-eh],  researches  of  on  the  blood, 

II.  732,  2  be;  733,  1  ab,  b,  c. 

Beuckenau  [brtik'-eh-now],  town  of  Bavaria, 

III.  353. 

Br'dckenthal ,  Baron  [briik'-en-tal],  palace  of, 
in  Hermannstadt,  VIII.  683,  2  a. 

Beucker,  Jakob  [brook'-er],  German  scholar, 
III.  353. 

Bru'denell,  Lord :  see  Cardigan,  earl  of. 
Brudenell ,  Rev.  Mr.,  second  husband  of  Lady 
Acland,  I.  67,  1  b. 

Bru'ges  [Fr.  brhzh],  city  of  Belgium,  III.  353. 
Belfry  tower,  2  c  (ill.,  354).  Town  hall  (ho¬ 
tel  de  ville),  354,  1  b  (ill.). 

Bruges,  Roger  van,  Flemish  painter,  III.  354. 
Brugg  [broog],  village  of  Switzerland,  III.  354. 
Brugge  [Flem.  briig'-g&h] :  see  Bruges. 
Brugge,  Jan  van,  a  name  of  Jan  van  Eyck,  VII. 
45,  1  a. 

Beugger,  Friedrich  [broog'-ger],  German  sculp¬ 
tor,  III.  354. 

Brugia,  Brug,  or  Bruges ,  old  name  of  Bridge- 
north,  III.  280,  1  c. 

Brugmans,  Sebaldus  Justinus  [brug'-mans], 
Dutch  physician  and  naturalist,  III.  355. 
Beugscii,  Heinrich  Karl  [brooksh],  German 
Egyptologist,  III.  355. 

Beuiil,  Heinrich,  count,  German  statesman, 

III.  355.  Referred  to,  II.  116,  1  c. 

Bruhns,  Karl  Christian  [broonce],  German  as¬ 
tronomer,  III.  355.  His  “Manual  of  Loga¬ 
rithms,”  X.  578,  2  a. 

Bruis ,  Peter  de :  see  Bruys. 

Bruit  de  diable  [bru-e  dull  de-ab’l],  in  chlorosis, 

IV.  504,  2  a. 

Beumaire,  the  Eighteenth  [bru-mair],  day  of 
Bonaparte’s  coup  d’etat,  III.  355. 


Brumatii  [broo'-m&t],  town  of  Alsace,  Ger¬ 
many,  III.  356. 

Brum'xMEu,  George  Bryan  (Beau  Brummel), 
English  man  of  fashion,  III.  356.  Place  and 
circumstances  of  his  death,  2  b,  and  540, 

1  c. 

Brumpt  [broomt] :  see  Brumatii.  \ 

Brun,  Friederike  Sophie  Christiane  [broon], 
German  authoress,  III.  356. 

Brunck,  Richard  Francois  Philippe  [broonk], 
Franco-German  philologist,  III.  357. 

Brundu'sium,  or  Brundisium :  see  Brindisi. 

Beune,  Guillaume  Marie  Anne,  marshal  of 
France,  III.  357. 

Bruneau  Shoshones  [bru-no'  sho-sho'-neez],  In¬ 
dians  in  Idaho,  IX.  166,  1  be. 

Brunehaut  [briin-ho],  queen  of  Austrasia,  III. 
357. 

Brunehild  [briin-liild],  queen  of  Austrasia :  see 
Brunehaut. 

Brunehild  [broo'-neh-liilt],  in  the  Nibelungen- 
lied,  XII.  419,  2  b. 

Brunei/,  Sir  Mark  Isambard,  English  civil  en¬ 
gineer,  III.  358.  Isambard  Kingdom,  en¬ 
gineer  and  naval  architect,  1  b. 

Brunelleschi,  Filippo  [broo-nel-les'-ke],  Italian 
architect,  III.  358. 

Brunet,  Jacques  Charles  [brii-na],  French 
bibliographer,  III.  358. 

Brunfels ,  Otto  [broon'-felce],  his  woodcuts  of 
plants,  III.  132,  1  ab. 

Bruni,  Leonardo  [broo'-ne],  Italian  author, 
III.  358. 

Brunings,  Christian  [bru'-ninks],  name  of  two 
Dutch  engineers,  III.  359.  Conrad  Louis, 
engineer,  1  b. 

Brunn  [briin],  city  of  Moravia,  III.  359  (ilk). 

Beunn,  Heinrich  [broon],  German  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  III.  359. 

Brunn,  Johann  Conrad :  see  Brunner. 

Brunnen  [broon'-nen],  village  of  Switzerland, 
III.  359. 

Brunner,  glands  of,  III.  360,  1  a;  IX.  324,  1  a. 

Brunner,  Johann  Conrad  [broon'-ner],  Ger¬ 
man  anatomist,  III.  360. 

Brunner,  Sebastian,  German  author,  III.  360. 

Brunnow,  Ernst  Georg  von  [broon'-no],  Ger¬ 
man  novelist  and  homoeopathist,  III.  360. 
Philipp,  count,  Russian  diplomatist,  1  c. 

Bru'no,  name  of  Pope  Gregory  V.,  VIII.  243, 

2  ab. 

Bruno  the  Great,  archbishop  of  Cologne,  III. 
360. 

Bruno,  Saint,  apostle  to  the  Prussians,  III. 


134 


BRUNO 


BUBASTIS 


360.  Founder  of  the  Carthusians,  2  b,  and 
IY.  325,  2  a. 

Bruno,  Giordano  [broo'-no],  philosopher,  III. 

360.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  440,  2  a. 
Brunsberg  [broonce'-bairg],  watch  tower  of, 

IX.  23,  2  ab. 

Bruns'wick,  two  counties,  III.  361. 

Brunswick ,  county  seats,  VIII.  48,  2  a ;  IX. 
741,  1  c. 

Brunswick,  town  and  village  of  Maine,  III. 

361.  Town  of  Georgia,  362,  1  a. 
Brunswick,  duchy  of  Germany,  III.  362.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  2  be.  Gewandhaus,  363,  1  a  (ill.)  ; 
council  house,  1  b  (ill.). 

Brunswick,  House  of,  III.  363.  Dukes  of : 
Ernest,  364,  la;  Christian,  general  in  the 
thirty  years’  war,  ib. ;  Ernest  Augustus,  first 
elector  of  Hanover,  father  of  George  I.  of 
England,  1  b;  Ferdinand,  Prussian  general, 
ib. ;  Charles  William  Ferdinand,  Prussian 
general,  1  c ;  Frederick  William,  Prussian 
general,  2  a;  Charles  Frederick  Augustus 
William,  2  ab. 

Brunswick- Bevern  [-ba'-vern],  line  of,  III.  363, 
2  c. 

Brunswick  Green,  pigment,  III.  364;  Y.  319, 
1  ab. 

Brunswick- Limeburg  [-lu'-nSh-boorg],  line  of, 
III.  363,  2  c ;  dukes  of,  364,  1  ab. 

Brunswick -  Wolfenbuttel  [-vul'-fen-but-tel],  line 
of,  III.  363,  2  c. 

Brunton,  Mary  Balfour,  English  novelist,  III. 
364. 

Brunton’s  link ,  for  chain  cables,  III.  527,  1  be 
(ill.). 

Brusa  [broo'-sa],  city  of  Asia  Minor,  III.  365 
(ill.). 

Brusasorci  (Domenico  Riccio),  [broo-za-zor'- 
che],  Italian  painter,  III.  365. 

Brush,  III.  365.  Machine  for  making  flat 
brushes,  366,  2  a  (ills.).  Hair  pencils,  2  c. 
Brush  mountain  basin ,  of  coal,  I.  556,  1  a. 
Brush  Turkey,  III.  367  (ill.). 

Brusquet  [brus-ka],  court  jester,  YII.  308,  1  a. 
Brus'sels,  city  of  Belgium,  III.  367.  Church 
of  St.  Gudule,  2  c  (ill.).  Hotel  de  ville,  368, 

1  a  (ill.). 

Brussels  carpet ,  IY.  21,  2  b.  Imperial  Brussels, 

2  c. 

Bruttii :  see  Bruttium. 

Brut'tium,  ancient  division  of  Italy,  III.  369. 
Bruttians,  1  b,  c. 

Bru'tus,  Decimus  Junius,  Roman  soldier,  III. 
369. 


Brutus,  Lucius  Junius,  Roman  patriot,  III. 
369. 

Brutus,  Marcus  Junius,  one  of  the  assassins  of 
Caesar,  III.  370. 

Brux,  town  of  Bohemia,  III.  370. 

Bruxelles  [Fr.  briix-el  or  brii-sel] :  see  Brus¬ 
sels. 

Bruyas,  Jacques  [brti-yas],  French  Jesuit  mis¬ 
sionary,  III.  370.  Works  on  the  Mohawk 
language,  ib .,  and  I.  188,  1  c. 

Bruyere,  Jean  de  la:  see  La  Bruyere. 

Bruyn,  Cornells  de  [deli  broin],  Dutch  travel¬ 
ler  and  painter,  III.  370. 

Bruys,  Peter.de  [dull  bru-e],  founder  of  a  sect 
in  France,  III.  370. 

Bry,  Theodoric  or  Dirk  [brl],  Flemish  engraver 
and  print  and  book  publisher,  III.  370. 

Bry'an,  county,  III.  370. 

Bryan,  Sir  Francis,  English  soldier  and  poet, 
III.  371. 

Bryan,  Michael,  English  art  connoisseur,  III. 
371. 

Bryant ,  Sir  Francis :  see  Bryan. 

Bryant,  Jacob,  English  writer,  III.  371. 

Bryant,  William  Cullen,  American  poet  and 
journalist,  III.  371  ;  XYI.  197,  2  c,  199,  2  a. 
(Died  1878.)  Peter,  physician,  III.  371,  2  ab. 

Brydges,  Sir  Samuel  Egerton,  English  author, 
III.  372. 

Brydone',  Patrick,  Scottish  traveller,  III.  373. 

Bryitt ,  Nicholas ,  engraver  to  the  English  mint, 
XL  616,  2  b. 

Bryology ,  in  botany,  XI.  863,  2  c. 

Bryo'nia,  poisonous  extract,  III.  373.  Bryo¬ 
nia  dioica  (botany),  1  b  (ill.). 

Bryonine  [bri'-o-nin] :  see  Bryonia. 

Bry'ony ,  plant,  III.  373,  1  c  (ill.). 

Bryozo'a,  or  Moss  Animals,  III.  373 ;  XIII. 
691,  1  a;  XYI.  834,  2  be. 

Bryson's  self -registering  barometer ,  II.  328,  1  c. 

Brzesc  Litewski  :  see  Brest  Litovski. 

Brzezan  [brzhezh-an'j,  town  of  Galicia,  Aus¬ 
tria,  III.  373. 

bTsong-Kha-pa  [tsong-k’ha-pa'j,  reformer  of 
Lamaism,  X.  115,  2  be;  116,  2  c. 

Bua  [boo'-a],  island  in  the  Adriatic,  III.  373. 

Buachaille:  see  Staffa,  XY.  301,  1  a. 

BuAcnE,  Philippe  [bii-ash],  French  geographer, 
III.  373.  Jean  Nicolas  Buaclie  de  la  Neu- 
ville,  geographer,  2  c. 

Bu'age,  plant,  III.  374  (ill.). 

Buansu'ah,  wild  dog,  III.  374  (ill.);  YI.  179, 
1  a;  IX.  11,  1  c. 

Bubas'tis,  or  Bubastus,  ancient  city  of  Egypt, 


BUBO 


BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 


135 


III.  374.  Site  of,  1  c,  and  II.  483,  1  ab.  Bu- 
bastis,  goddess,  2  a  (ill.). 

Bubo  (ornithology),  XII.  752,  2  c.  B.  Virgini- 
anns,  ib.  (ill.,  753).  B.  maximus,  753,  1  c. 
Buboes ,  glandular  swellings,  XIII.  507,  2  c. 
Bubo'na,  in  Roman  mythology,  III.  374. 
Buboni'nce  (ornithology),  XII.  752,  2  c. 
Buccaneers',  freebooters,  III.  374.  Resorts  of, 
VIII.  791,  2  be;  IX.  696,  1  be. 

Buccin'idas,  family  of  mollusks,  III.  376. 
Buc'cinum ,  shellfish  furnishing  the  Tyrian  pur¬ 
ple  dye  (Pliny),  YI.  339,  1  a  (properly  the 
murex :  see  Murex,  and  Purple).  The 
whelk,  XYI.  595, 1  a.  B.  undatum,  ib.  (ill.). 
B.  obsoletum,  1  b. 

Bucco  (ornithology),  XIY.  71,  2  a.  B.  macro- 
rhynchus,  72,  1  a  (ill.,  71). 

Bucconi'nce  (ornithology),  XIY.  71,  2  a. 
Bucen'taur,  Venetian  state  galley,  III.  376  (ill.). 
Bucentoro  [Ital.  boo-chen-to'-ro] :  see  Bucen- 
taur.  Destroyed,  XYI.  298,  1  c. 
Bucepli'ala  (ornithology),  YI.  290,  1  b.  B. 
Americana,  ib.  B.  albeola,  1  c.  Hybrid  be¬ 
tween  the  lophodytes  cucullatus  and  B. 
Americana,  XI.  407,  1  ab. 

Bucephalus,  horse  of  Alexander,  III.  376. 
Bu'cer,  Martin  [Ger.  boo'-tser],  German  re¬ 
former,  III.  377.  His  views  of  the  eucha- 
rist,  X.  733,  1  c. 

Bu'ceros  (ornithology),  VIII.  820,  1  b.  B.  rhi¬ 
noceros,  2  a  (ill.).  B.  erythrorhynchus,  2  c 
(ill.). 

Buch,  Leopold  von  [fon  bookh],  German  geol¬ 
ogist,  III.  377. 

Buchan,  David  [buk'-an],  British  explorer,  III. 

378. 

Buchan,  Elizabeth  (Simpson),  Scottish  reli¬ 
gious  fanatic,  III.  378. 

Buchan,  William,  Scottish  physician,  III.  378. 
Buchanan  [buk-an'-an],  three  counties,  III.  378. 
Buchanan,  county  seat,  VIII.  450,  1  c. 
Buchanan,  Claudius,  English  missionary,  III. 

379. 

Buchanan,  Franklin,  American  naval  officer, 
III.  379.  (Died  1874.) 

Buchanan,  George,  Scottish  scholar  and  poet, 

III.  379. 

Buchanan,  James,  fifteenth  president  of  the 
United  States,  III.  380.  Congressman,  1  b. 
Minister  to  Russia,  1  c.  U.  S.  senator,  ib. 
Action  on  anti-slavery  petitions,  2  ab  ;  on 
the  French  indemnity  question,  2  b;  on  the 
Ashburton  treaty,  2  c;  on  the  annexation 
of  Texas,  381,  1  a.  Secretary  of  state,  1  ab. 


Northwestern  boundary,  1  b.  Minister  to 
England,  1  c.  Ostend  manifesto,  2  ab.  Elect¬ 
ed  president,  2  be.  His  course  on  the  Kansas 
question,  2c;  on  the  Mormon  rebellion, 
382,  1  a;  in  regard  to  secession,  1  b,  ff. 
Breaking  up  of  his  cabinet,  2  a.  Ilis  de¬ 
fence  of  his  administration,  ^.bc. 

Buchanan,  Robert,  Scottish  poet,  III.  382. 

Bucharest  [boo-ka-rest'],  capital  of  Rouma- 
nia,  III.  383  (ill.).  Treaty  of,  I.  282,  1  c. 

Bucha'ria  :  see  Bokhara. 

Buchez,  Philippe  Joseph  Benjamin  [bti-sha], 
French  physician  and  writer,  III.  384. 

Buchloe  dactyloi'des  [bu-klo'-e],  (botany),  VIII. 
168,  2  c  (ill.). 

Buchner,  Georg  [btich'-ner],  German  poet, 
III.  384.  Friedrich  Karl  Christian  Louis, 
philosopher,  1  c.  Alexander,  author,  2  b. 
Luise,  poet  and  novelist,  2  be. 

Bucholz  [boo'Aholts],  his  theory  of  lactic  fer¬ 
mentation,  VII.  147,  1  be. 

Buchon,  Jean  Alexandre  [bu-shong],  French 
writer,  III.  384. 

Buchu  [boo-koo'J,  vegetable  medical  product, 
III.  385  (ill.). 

Buck,  male  of  deer  family,  III.  385  ;  VII.  75, 
1  be.  Buck  of  the  first  head,  1  c.  Great 
buck,  ib. 

Buckau  [book'-kow],  town  of  Prussia,  III. 
385. 

Buckeburg  [btik'-keh-boorg],  town  of  Ger¬ 
many,  III.  385. 

Bucket:  see  Wheel,  XVI.  593,  1  b. 

Buckeye  :  see  Horse  Chestnut. 

Buckhan'non,  county  seat,  XVI.  218,  1  be. 

Buckhorn ,  species  of  plantain,  XIII.  594,  2  c. 

Buckhounds,  VII.  75,  2  be ;  master  of,  ib. 

Buckie ,  mollusk,  XVI.  595,  1  a. 

Buckingham,  county,  III.  385. 

Buckingham  [buk'-ing-um],  borough  of  Eng¬ 
land,  III.  385. 

Buckingham,  Earls  and  Dukes  of,  III.  385. 
George  Villiers,  statesman,  2  c;  IX.  517, 
1  c ;  XIV.  226,  1  a.  George  Villiers,  sec¬ 
ond  duke,  III.  386,  1  c. 

Buckingham,  or  Buckinghamshire,  John  Shef¬ 
field,  duke  of,  statesman  and  poet,  III.  387. 

Buckingham,  James  Silk,  English  traveller 
and  author,  III.  387. 

Buckingham,  Joseph  Tinker,  American  jour¬ 
nalist,  III.  388. 

Buckingham  college ,  Oxford,  II.  103,  2  be. 

Buckingham  palace ,  X.  608,  2  c  (ill.,  609). 

Buckinghamshire,  county  of  England,  III.  388. 


136 


BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 


BUFFALO 


Buckinghamshire,  duke  of :  see  Buckingham, 
III.  387,  1  b. 

Buckings ,  in  bleaching,  II.  703,  2  c. 

Buckland,  Cyrus,  American  inventor,  III.  388. 
Buckland ,  Mt .,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  VII.  549,  2  a. 
Buckland,  William,  D.  D.,  English  geologist, 

III.  388.  His  discoveries  of  fossil  remains 
at  Kirkdale,  2b;  63,  2  ab.  Francis  Trevel¬ 
yan,  naturalist,  389,  1  a. 

Buckle,  Henry  Thomas,  English  author,  III. 
389. 

Buckler:  see  Shield,  XIV.  853,  1  c. 

Buckler ,  Johann  (Schinderhannes),  brigand, 

IV.  343,  2  c. 

Buck'minster,  Joseph,  American  clergyman, 
III.  389.  Joseph  Stevens,  clergyman,  2  be. 
Bucks ,  county  of  England :  see  Buckingham¬ 
shire. 

Bucks,  county  of  Pennsylvania,  III.  390. 
Bucksport,  town  of  Maine,  III.  390. 
Buckstone,  John  Baldwin,  English  actor  and 
dramatist,  III.  390. 

Buckthorn,  plant,  III.  390  (ill.).  Use  in 
hedges,  VIII.  604,  2  c. 

Buckwheat,  grain,  III.  391  (ilk).  Siberian 
buckwheat,  1  c. 

Buckicheat ,  climbing ,  herb,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 
Bucquoy,  Jean  Albert  d’Archambaud,  count 
and  abbe  de  [dull  bii-kwa],  French  writer, 
III.  391. 

Bucy'rus,  town  of  Ohio,  III.  391. 

Buczacz  [boo'-cliatch],  town  of  Galicia,  Aus¬ 
tria,  III.  391. 

Bud:  see  Plant,  XIII.  576,  1  be;  577,  1  a. 
Bud ,  in  yeast,  VII.  142,  2  c  (ills.,  143). 

Bu'da  [Hung,  boo'-daw],  capital  of  Hungary, 
III.  391  ;  view,  392.  Buda-Pesth,  391,  2  c. 
Bud^e'us  :  see  Bude. 

Budaga ,  tribe  of  India,  IX.  215,  2  c. 

Budaon' :  see  Budayoon. 

Budayoon',  town  of  British  India,  III.  393. 
Budde  [bood'-deh] :  see  Buddeus. 

Buddeus,  Johann  Franz  [bood-da'-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  theologian,  III.  393.  Aurelio,  traveller, 
1  b. 

Buddha  [bood'-da],  generic  name  of  innumer¬ 
able  deified  teachers,  III.  393,  1  c ;  400,  1  a. 
Sakyamuni,  the  present  Buddha,  ninth  in¬ 
carnation  of  Vishnu,  393,  1  c;  II.  159,  1  c. 
Modern  idol  representing  him  (ill.),  III.  393  ; 
sleeping  idol,  II.  270,  1  c.  Relics  of  him, 
III.  402, 1  a.  His  influence  on  Brahmanism, 

IX.  228,  1  be.  Footprint  of,  I.  110,  2  be; 

X.  46,  2  c.  Mountain  of,  X.  181,  1  ab. 


Buddhala,  mountain  of  Buddha,  X.  181, 1  ab. 
Buddhism  and  Buddha,  an  Asiatic  religion  and 
its  founder,  III.  393.  Legendary  history  of 
Buddha,  1  c.  Original  character  of  Bud¬ 
dhism,  394,  2  a.  Its  history,  2  c.  Its  doc¬ 
trines,  396,  1  c.  Divisions  of  the  Buddhist 
scriptures :  the  Dharma,  396,  2  b  ;  the  Vina- 
ya,  400,  2  a ;  the  Abhidharma,  403,  1  a. 
Treatment  of  women,  401,  2  c.  Worship, 
ib.  Buddhism  and  Brahmanism,  394,  1  c ; 
IX.  228,  1  c.  See  Lamaism. 

Buddhism  in  Japan}  IX.  537,  2  c;  538,  2  a; 
541,  2  c;  542,  2  b;  543,  2  c;  XII.  472,  1  b. 
Literature  of,  IX.  563,  1  b. 

Buddhists ,  III.  393,  1  c.  Total  number  of,  396, 
1  ab. 

Budding,  in  arboriculture,  III.  403  (ilk).  An¬ 
chor  budding,  404,  2  b. 

Buddie ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  424,  1  ab. 
Buddumas ,  African  tribe,  XV.  598,  1  ab. 

Bude,  Guillaume  [bii-da],  French  scholar,  III. 

404. 

Bude  Light,  III.  404. 

Budgell,  Eustace,  English  writer,  III.  405. 
Budweis  [bood'-vice],  town  of  Bohemia,  III. 

405. 

Buel,  Jesse,  American  agriculturist,  III.  405. 
Buell,  Don  Carlos,  American  general,  III.  405. 
Buen  Ayre  [bwain  i'-ra],  island,  West  Indies, 
III.  405. 

Buena  Vista  [bu'-na  vis'-ta],  county,  III.  406. 
Buena  Vista ,  county  seat,  XI.  168,  2  a. 

Buena  Vista  [bwa'-na  vees'-ta],  Mexico,  battle 
of,  III.  406. 

Buenos  Ayres  [bu'-nos  a'-riz  or  airz ;  Sp.  bwa'- 
noce  I'-race],  province  of  the  Argentine  Re¬ 
public,  III.  406.  Capital  city,  407,  1  c  (ill.). 
History,  409,  2  b. 

Bufeo  [boo-fa'-o],  fish,  III.  14,  2  c. 

Buf'falo,  animal,  III.  410.  Distinguished 
from  the  bison,  1  b,  and  II.  667,  2  b.  Indian 
buffalo,  III.  410,  1  c  (ilk).  Caffer  or  Cape 
buffalo,  2  c  (ilk,  411).  Bhainsa,  410,  2  a. 
Arna,  ib. 

Buffalo,  three  counties,  III.  411. 

Buffalo,  city  of  New  York,  III.  411.  View, 
415.  Public  parks  and  buildings,  412,  1  b. 
Railroads,  2  a.  Commerce,  2  b.  Industries, 
414, 1  ab.  Government,  2  a.  Finances,  2  be. 
Charitable  institutions,  2  c.  Education,  415, 
1  c.  Libraries,  ckc.,  416, 1  a.  Churches,  1  be. 
Buffalo ,  county  seat,  V.  644,  1  b. 

Buffalo  fish ,  VIL  622,  1  a. 

Buffalo  gnat ,  II.  678,  2  b~ 


BUFFALO 


BULLION 


137 


Buffalo  grass ,  VIII.  168,  2  c  (ill.) ;  IX.  749, 1  b. 

Buffier,  Claude  [bti-fya],  French  author,  III. 
416. 

Buff  Leather,  III.  416. 

Buff  limestone ,  X.  252,  1  c. 

Buffon,  Georges  Louis  Leclerc,  count  de  [bii- 
fong],  French  naturalist,  III.  416.  Experi¬ 
ments  with  the  burning  glass,  471,  2  b.  Re¬ 
lation  of  comparative  anatomy  to  natural 
history  first  fully  perceived  by  him,  V.  185, 
2  b.  Mistake  of  an  elephant’s  bones  for  hu¬ 
man,  VII.  795,  1  ab.  Views  of  organic  de¬ 
velopment  referred  to,  VII.  10,  1  c ;  of  the 
action  of  water  in  mountains  and  valleys, 
688,  2  a. — Henri  Leclerc,  his  son,  III.  417, 
1  c. 

Buffoon  of  the  woods  (barred  owl),  XII.  754,  2  c. 

Bufo  (zoology),  XV.  777,  2  c.  B.  vulgaris,  ib. 
(ill.). 

Buford ,  Major ,  leader  of  an  armed  force  in 
Kansas,  IX.  754,  1  c,  2  b. 

Bug  :  see  Hemiptera. 

Bug  [boog],  two  rivers  of  Russia,  III.  417. 

Bugbane ,  herb,  IV.  583,  1  be. 

Bugeaud  de  la  Pioonnerie,  Thomas  Robert 
[bti-zho  duh  la  pe-kun-re],  duke  of  Isly, 
French  general,  III.  417.  “Ex-jailer  of 
Blaye,”  2  be :  see  Berry,  II.  582,  1  b. 

Bugenhagex,  Johann  [boo'-ghen-ha-gken], 
German  reformer,  III.  418. 

Bugge,  Thomas  [boog'-geh],  Danish  astrono¬ 
mer,  III.  418. 

Bugiiis,  or  Bugis  [boo'-ghees],  a  Malay  people, 
III.  418;  IV.  169,  1  b.  Referred  to,  XI. 
56,  1  a  and  2a;  57,  2  ab ;  58,  2  c. 

Buiile,  Johann  Gottlieb  [boo'-leli],  German 
philosopher,  III.  419. 

Buhl  Work  [bule],  inlaying,  III.  419. 

B'uhren:  see  Biron,  Ernest  John. 

Buhrstone  [bur'-stone],  for  millstones,  III.  419. 

Buil,  Bernardo  [boo-eeT],  Spanish  missionary, 
III.  420. 

Bujayah  [boo-ja'-ya],  town :  see  Bougiah. 

Bukarest :  see  Bucharest. 

Bukowixa  [boo-ko-ve'-na],  a  crownland  of 
Austria,  III.  420. 

Baku  [boo-koo'J,  Japanese  second  mourning, 
XII.  13,  1  c. 

Bukvitza  [book-vit'-sa] :  see  Glagolitic. 

Bulak  [boo-lak'J :  see  Boolak. 

Bulama  [boo-la'-ma],  African  island,  III.  420. 
Bulama  association,  2  a. 

Bulau  [boo'-low],  insectivorous  mammal,  III. 
420  (ill.). 


Bulb :  see  Plant,  XIII.  577,  2  c.  Dutch  bulbs, 
IX.  99,  2  a ;  XVI.  26,  1  c ;  VIII.  362,  2  a. 
Bulbils ,  in  botany,  X.  542,  2  a. 

Bulffnger :  see  Bilfinger. 

Bulga'ria,  province  of  European  Turkey,  III. 
420.  Bulgarian  costumes,  421,  2  b  (ill.). 
History,  422,  1  b.  Kingdom  of  Bulgaria, 

1  c.  Its  overthrow,  2  ab. 

Bulgarian  Language  and  Literature,  III. 

423. 

Bulgarians ,  race,  III.  422, 1  b.  Sect,  IV.  115,  2  c. 
Bulgaric  branch  of  the  Finns ,  VII.  206,  2  c. 
Bulgarin,  Thaddeus  [bool-ga'-rin],  Russian  au¬ 
thor,  III.  423. 

Bulibani  [boo-le-ba'-ne],  capital  of  Bondoo, 
Africa,  III.  57,  2  b. 

Bu'limus,  genus  of  land  snails,  III.  424  (ill.). 

B.  rosaceus,  1  b.  B.  ovatus,  ib. 

Bulkley,  Peter,  American  clergyman,  III.  424. 
Bull  :  see  Ox. 

Bull,  Papal,  III.  424.  How  different  from 
brief,  1  c.  The  most  celebrated  bulls,  2  ab. 
Bullae  dimidise,  2  b. 

Bull ,  Brahman:  see  Zebu. 

Bull,  George,  English  prelate,  III.  424. 

Bull,  John,  familiar  name  of  the  English,  III. 

424. 

Bull,  John,  English  musician,  III.  424. 

Bull,  Ole  Bornemann,  Norwegian  violinist, 
III.  425. 

Bul'la :  see  Seal,  XIV.  735, 1  a,  b,  2  a. 

Bull  and  bear ,  terms  of  the  stock  exchange, 
XV.  388,  1  c. 

Bulla'rium ,  collection  of  papal  bulls,  III.  719, 

2  b.  Bullarium  Magnum,  ib. 

Bulldog,  III.  425  (ill.). 

Bull  Fight,  Spanish  amusement,  III.  426. 
Bullfinch,  bird,  III.  426  (ill.). 

Bullfinch ,  hedge,  XVI.  51,  1  a. 

Bullfrog ,  VII.  505,  2  c  (ill.,  506).  Northern 
bullfrog  (ill.),  506,  1  a. 

Bullhead,  fish,  III.  426.  Common  bullhead, 
427,  1  b  (ill.).  Greenland  bullhead,  1  c  (ill.). 
River  bullhead,  2  c  (ill.,  428).  Prickly  bull¬ 
head,  428,  1  b.  Acadian  bullhead,  or  deep 
water  sculpin :  see  Sea  Raven,  XIV.  739,  2  a. 
Bullhead ,  bird,  XIII.  618,  1  c. 

Bullinger,  Heinrich  [booF-ing-er],  Swiss  theo¬ 
logian,  III.  428. 

Bullion ,  base  or  crude :  see  Silver,  XV.  50,  2  a. 
Bullion ,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  16,  2  c.  Bul¬ 
lion  point,  17,  1  b. 

“  Bullion  Reportfi  of  the  house  of  commons, 

XI.  745,  1  a. 


138 


BULLITT 


BURAXO 


Bullitt,  county,  III.  428. 

Bullock,  two  counties,  HI.  428. 

Bullock's  lungwort:  see  Mullein,  XII.  81,  1  b. 

Bull  Run,  stream  of  Virginia,  III.  428.  First 
battle  of,  2  c.  Second  battle  of,  430,  1  c. 

Bull  sapling :  see  Pine,  XIII.  523,  2  ab. 

Bull's  eye ,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  17,  1  b. 

Bull's  mouth ,  cameo  shell,  III.  652,  2  a. 

Bull  snake  :  see  Pine  Snake,  XIII.  530,  1  ab. 

Bully  tree ,  VIII.  301,  2  a. 

Bulou ,  plant,  VII.  110,  1  c. 

Bulow,  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  baron  von  [fon 
bti'-lo],  Prussian  general,  III.  431.  Adam 
Heinrich  Dietrich,  baron  von,  military  wri¬ 
ter,  432,  1  b. 

Bulow,  Hans  Guido  von,  German  pianist  and 
composer,  III.  432.  Karl  Eduard  von,  novel¬ 
ist  and  poet,  1  c.  Cosima,  wife  of  Hans, 
2  b. 

BuLEUsn,  plant,  III.  432  (ill.) ;  XVI.  97,  1  a. 

Bulti  [bul-te'J,  state  of  central  Asia,  III.  433. 

Bultistan  [bul-te-stan'J :  see  Bulti. 

Buluk  bashi  [boo-look'  ba'-she],  Turkish  mili¬ 
tary  title,  XI.  361,  1  ab. 

Bulundshuhur :  see  Boolundshahue. 

Bulwee,  Edward  :  see  Bulwee-Lytton. 

Bulwee,  Henry  Lytton  Earle,  Baron  Dalling 
and  Bulwer,  English  diplomatist  and  author, 
III.  433. 

Bulwee,  John,  English  physician,  III.  433. 

Bulwee-Lytton,  Edward  George  Earle  Lytton, 
Baron  Lytton,  English  novelist,  III.  433. 
Rosina,  Lady  Bulwer-Lytton,  writer,  434, 
2  c.  Edward  Robert  Bulwer-Lytton,  Baron 
Lytton,  poet  (governor  general  of  India, 
1876),  ib. :  see  Keasinski,  X.  55,  1  b. 

Bum-bailiff:  see  Bailiff,  II.  222,  1  b. 

Bumblebee  (humblebee) :  see  Bee,  II.  457,  1  c. 

Buncombe  [bung'-kum],  county,  III.  435.  Talk¬ 
ing  for  Buncombe,  1  c ;  I.  415,  1  b. 

Bun’dela  country :  see  Bundelcund. 

Bundelcund',  province  of  India,  III.  435. 

Bundi  [boon-dee'] :  see  Boondee. 

Bundschuh  [boont'-shoo],  (league  of  the  brogue), 
XIII.  215,  1  be. 

Bunge,  Alexander  [boong'-eh],  Russian  botanist 
and  traveller,  III.  435.  Fridrikh  Egor,  ju¬ 
rist,  2  ab. 

Bunijugas ,  Hindoo  traders,  IX.  214,  2  ab. 

Bunkee  Hill,  III.  435.  Battle  of,  2  b.  Bun¬ 
ker  Hill  monument,  437,  2  a  (ill.). 

Bunneahs ,  Hindoo  traders,  IX.  214,  2  ab. 

Bunsen,  Christian  Karl  Josias,  baron  von  [fon 
boon'-sen],  German  scholar  and  diplomatist, 


III.  437.  His  memoirs  by  Baroness  Bunsen, 
439,  1  be.  His  sons,  ib. 

Bunsen,  Robert  Wilhelm,  German  chemist, 
III.  439.  His  air  suction  pump,  I.  221,  1  b 
(ill.);  blast  lamp,  II.  750,  1  a;  ice  calorime¬ 
ter,  VIII.  574,  1  be  (ill.)  ;  burner,  VII.  255, 

1  b  (ill.)  ;  galvanic  battery,  591, 1  be;  siphon 
barometer,  653,  2  b ;  photometer,  XIII.  473, 

2  c. 

Bunt,  fungus,  VII.  528,  2  a;  531,  1  b;  532, 
2  b ;  XVI.  223,  1  b. 

Bunting,  bird,  III.  439.  Black-throated  bun¬ 
ting,  2  c  (ilk).  Snow  bunting,  440,.  1  b. 
Lark  bunting,  ib.  (ill.). 

Bunting,  Jabez,  English  clergyman,  III.  440. 
Buntzlau  :  see  Bunzlau. 

Bunyan,  John,  English  preacher  and  author, 
III.  440.  “Pilgrim’s  Progress,”  441,  1  c. 
See  Douglas,  Gawin,  VI.  225,  1  b. 

Bunyan  meeting  house ,  in  Bedford,  Eng.,  II. 
448,  1  be. 

Bunzlau  [boonts'-low],  town  of  Prussia,  III. 

441.  Town  of  Bohemia :  see  Jung-Bunzlau. 
Buol-Sciiauenstein,  Karl  Ferdinand,  count  von 
[boo'-ole-show'-en-stine],  Austrian  states¬ 
man,  III.  441 ;  II.  147,  1  c. 

Buonaccorsi,  Pietro  [bo-nak-kor'-se],  painter: 
see  Vaga,  Perino  del. 

Buonafede,  Appiano  [bo-na-fa'-da],  Italian 
philosopher,  III.  441. 

Buonaeotti,  Filippo  [bo-na-rot'-te],  French 
revolutionist,  III.  442 ;  II.  182,  1  b. 
Buonaeotti  (more  correctly,  Buonarroti), 
Michel  Angelo,  Italian  painter,  sculptor,  and 
architect,  III.  442.  Michel  Angelo,  poet, 

443,  2  c. 

Buonaventuri ,  Pietro  [bo-na-ven-too'-re],  lover 
of  Bianca  Capello,  III.  749,  1  c. 
Buoncampagni ,  Ugo  [boo-oan-kam-pa'-nye], 
(Pope  Gregory  XIII.),  VIII.  245,  1  a. 
Buononcini  :  see  Bononcini. 

Buoys  [bwoiz],  floating  danger  signals,  X.  458, 
1  c;  462,  1  c. 

Bu'palus,  Greek  sculptor,  III.  444. 

Bu'phaga,  a  genus  of  birds :  see  Oxpeckee, 
XII.  768,  1  c.  B.  Africana,  2  a  (ill.).  B. 
erythrorhyncha,  2  ab. 

Buppo  [boop'-po],  Japanese  for  Buddhism,  IX. 
537,  2  c. 

Bupres’tis  (entomology),  II.  476,  2  ab. 

Buran  [boo-ran'J,  a  wind,  XIV.  478,  2  c. 
Buranello :  see  Galuppi,  Baldassare. 

Bueano  [boo-ra'-no],  island  near  Venice,  III. 

444. 


BURBADGE 


BURKSYILLE 


139 


Burbadge:  see  Burbage. 

Burbage,  Richard,  English  actor,  III.  444. 
Burbot,  fish,  III.  444.  European,  1  c  (ill.) ; 

spotted,  2  a ;  eel  pout,  ib. 

Burckiiardt,  Johann  Karl  [boork'-hart],  Ger¬ 
man  astronomer,  III.  444. 

Burckiiardt,  Johann  Ludwig,  Swiss  traveller, 
III.  444. 

Bur  clover,  X.  703,  2  ab. 

BuRDAcn,  Karl  Friedrich  [boor'-dakli],  German 
physiologist,  III.  445. 

Bur'dekin,  river  of  Australia,  III.  445. 

Burden,  Henry,  American  inventor,  III.  445. 
Machine  for  making  horse  shoes,  VIII.  831,  2 
a.  Rotary  squeezer,  referred  to,  IX.  401, 1  ab. 
Burder,  George,  English  clergyman,  III.  445. 
Burdett',  Sir  Francis,  English  politician,  III. 

445.  Angela  Georgina:  see  Burdett-Ooutts. 
Burdett-Coiitts  [-koots],  Angela  Georgina, 
baroness,  English  philanthropist,  III.  446. 
Burdig'ala ,  ancient  town :  see  Bordeaux. 
Burdwan',  city  of  Hindostan,  III.  446. 

Bureau  [bu'-ro],  county,  III.  446. 

Bureau  of  education ,  in  the  United  States, 
V.  159,  2  c ;  VI.  427,  1  c. 

Burette ',  graduated  test  tube,  IV.  501,  1  c ; 
XIII.  758,  1  ab. 

Burg  [boorg],  name  of  two  Prussian  towns, 

III.  446. 

Burg,  Johann  Tobias  [burg],  German  astrono¬ 
mer,  III.  446. 

Eurgdorf  [boorg'-dorf  ],  town  of  Switzerland, 
III.  447. 

Burgee ',  flag,  in  naval  signals,  XV.  35,  2  b. 
Burger,  Gottfried  August  [btir'-gher],  German 
poet,  III.  447. 

Burges,  Tristam  [bur'-jess],  American  states¬ 
man,  III.  447. 

Burgess,  George,  American  bishop,  III.  447. 
Burgess,  Thomas,  English  bishop,  III.  448. 
Burgesses  of  Oxford ,  XII.  761,  2  b. 

Burgii,  James,  Scottish  writer,  III.  448. 
Burgher  and  Anti- Burgher  synods,  in  the  Scot¬ 
tish  Presbyterian  church,  XIII.  811, 1  c. 
Burgiiley,  Lord  :  see  Burleigh. 

Burgi ,  Jobst  [biir'-ghe] :  see  Byrgius,  Justus. 
Burglar  alarms ,  I.  238,  2  a. 

Burglary,  III.  448. 

Burgomaster ,  bird,  VIII.  318,  2  c. 

Burgos  [boor'-goce],  province  of  Spain,  III. 

448.  Capital  city,  449,  1  a  (ill.). 

Burgoyne,  John  [bur-goin'j,  English  general, 
III.  450.  Sir  John  Fox,  general,  1  c.  Hugh 
Talbot,  naval  officer,  2  b. 


Burgschmiet,  Jakob  Daniel  [boorg'-shmeet], 
German  sculptor,  III.  450. 

Burgundia ,  Little ,  a  former  division  of  Switz¬ 
erland,  XV.  529,  2  a. 

Burgun'dians,  ancient  German  race,  III.  450. 

Burgundians  and  Orleanists ,  French  political 
parties,  IV.  286,  1  b.  ^ 

Burgundii :  see  Burgundians. 

Bur'gundy,  III.  451.  First  kingdom  of,  1  a. 
Cisjurane  and  Transjurane,  1  b.  Duchy 
of :  first  ducal  house,  2  a ;  second  ducal 
house,  2  b.  Province  of,  2  c. 

Burgundy ,  palatine  county  of,  VII.  415,  1  b. 

Burgundy  pitch ,  XIII.  547,  1  a. 

Burgundy  Wines:  see  France,  "Wines  of, 
VII.  412,  2  c,  ff. 

Burhaunpoor :  see  Booriianpoor. 

Burij  in  Horse  mythology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 

Burial,  III.  452.  Mummification,  2  a.  An¬ 
cient  Egyptian  funeral  procession  (ill.),  ib. 
Greek  funeral  urns,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Roman,  453, 
1  c  (ill.,  452).  Roman  funeral  rites,  453, 

1  a ;  XIII.  780,  2  a.  Columbaria,  III.  453, 

2  a  (ill.).  Aboriginal  burial,  2  b  (ilk).  Fune¬ 
ral  wake,  454, 1  a.  Burying  alive,  1  be  ;  pre¬ 
cautions  against,  ib. ;  mortuary  houses,  2  c. 

Bu'riats,  Mongolian  tribes,  III.  455  ;  XI.  747, 
1  b. 

Buridan,  Jean  [bu-re-dang],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  III.  455.  Buridan’s  ass,  1  c. 

Burigny,  Jean  Levesque  de  [la-vaik  dull  bti- 
re-nye],  French  author,  III.  455. 

Burke,  two  counties,  III.  455. 

Burke,  gEdanus,  American  jurist,  III.  455. 

Burlce,  Col.,  Fenian  leader,  VII.  129,  2  a. 

Burke,  Edmund,  English  statesman,  III.  455. 
His  course  in  parliament  in  relation  to  the 
American  stamp  act,  456,  2  a.  Appointed 
agent  of  Hew  York,  2  be.  Speech  on  Amer¬ 
ican  taxation,  2  c.  Labors  on  East  Indian 
affairs,  457,  1  b.  Impeachment  of  Warren 
Hastings,  2*5.  Rupture  with  Fox,  1  c.  Char¬ 
acterization,  2  ab.  His  works  and  biogra¬ 
phies,  2  b. 

Burke,  Sir  John  Bernard,  English  genealogist, 
III.  457.  “  Burke’s  Peerage  and  Baronet¬ 

age,”  2  c. 

Burke,  John  Doly,  American  historian,  III.  458. 

Burke,  Robert  O’Hara,  Australian  explorer, 
III.  458. 

Burke,  Thomas  Hicholas,  Irish  Dominican 
preacher,  III.  458. 

Bur'kel,  Heinrich,  German  painter,  III.  458. 

BurJcsville ,  county  seat,  V.  567,  1  a. 


140 


BURLAMAQUI 


BURRHUS 


Burlamaqui,  Jean  Jacques  [biir-la-ma-ke], 
Swiss  writer  on  law,  III.  458. 

Burleigh,  William  Cecil,  lord  [bur'-le],  Eng¬ 
lish  statesman,  III.  459. 

Burleigh,  William  Henry,  American  author 
and  journalist,  III.  459.  George  S.,  poet, 
and  Charles  C.,  lecturer,  2  ab. 

Burleigh  drill,  II.  TOO,  1  c  (ill.);  III.  100,  1  a. 

Burler ,  a  dresser  of  cloth,  XVI.  719,  1  c. 

Bur'leson,  county,  III.  459. 

Burling,  in  woollen  manufacture,  XVI.  719, 1  c. 

Burlingame,  county  seat,  XII.  714,  1  b. 

Bur'lingame,  Anson,  American  diplomatist, 
III.  459. 

Burlington,  couuty,  III.  460. 

Burlington,  city  of  Vermont,  III.  460. 

Burlington,  city  of  New  Jersey,  III.  461. 

Burlington,  city  of  Iowa,  III.  461. 

Burlington,  county  seat,  III.  82,  2  ab. 

Burlington,  England :  see  Bridlington. 

Burlington,  Richard  Boyle,  earl  of,  English 
architect,  III.  462. 

Burlington  house,  London,  X.  606,  1  ab. 

Burmah,  kingdom  of  Asia,  III.  462.  Physical 
features,  1  c.  Productions,  2  c.  Fauna,  463, 

1  ab.  Minerals,  463,  1  c ;  petroleum  wells, 

2  a.  Climate,  2  b.  Manufactures  and  com¬ 
merce,  2  be.  Taxation,  464,  1  b.  Army, 
1  c.  Government,  2  a.  People,  464,  2  c  (ill., 
465).  Language,  465,  1  c,  and  IX.  253,  2  c. 
Religion,  III.  465,  2  c.  History,  466,  1  b. 

Burmah,  British,  III.  466. 

Burmann,  Franciscus  [bur'-man],  Dutch  Bible 
commentator,  III.  468.  Pieter,  scholar  (two), 
1  a  and  c. 

Burmantofts,  England,  industrial  school  at, 
X.  312,  1  ab. 

Burmeister,  Hermann  [boor'-mice-ter],  Ger¬ 
man  naturalist,  III.  468.  His  classification 
of  birds,  XII.  708, 1  b ;  of  insects,  VI.  661,  2  a. 

Burmese ,  race,  III.  464,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  IX.  252,  2  c. 

Burmese  language,  III.  465, 1  c  ;  literature,  2  be. 

Burnap,  George  Washington,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  III.  468. 

Burnes,  Sir  Alexander,  British  geographer  and 
diplomatist,  III.  468.  Lieut.  Charles,  469, 1  b. 

Burnet,  county,  III.  469. 

Burnet ,  county  seat,  II.  469,  1  c. 

Burnet,  Gilbert,  English  bishop  and  author, 
III.  469. 

Burnet,  James:  see  Monboddo. 

Burnet,  John,  Scottish  engraver  and  painter, 
III.  470. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  English  author,  III.  470. 


Burnett,  county,  III.  470. 

Burnett,  Waldo  Irving,  American  naturalist 
and  microscopist,  III.  470. 

Burnett,  Sir  William ,  his  disinfecting  fluid, 

I.  571,  2  a;  VI.  134,  2  be.  His  process  for 
preserving  wood,  XIII.  825,  1  be. 

Burnettizing,  process  for  preserving  wood, 
XIII.  825,  1  be. 

Burney,  Charles,  English  musician  and  histo¬ 
rian  of  music,  III.  471.  Frances:  see  Ar- 
blay,  Madame  d1.  Sarah  Harriet,  novelist, 
1  c.  James,  naval  officer,  ib.  Charles,  D.  D., 
classical  scholar,  2  a. 

Burning  fluid,, III.  667,  2  b;  X.  130,  1  b. 
Burning  Glass  and  Burning  Mirror,  III.  471. 
Burning-in,  in  glass  painting,  VIII.  27,  1  a. 
Burning  mountain,  Australia,  III.  290,  2  c. 
Burnley,  town  of  England,  III.  471. 

Burnouf,  Eugene  [bur-noof],  French  oriental¬ 
ist,  III.  472.  His  work  on  the  cuneiform  in¬ 
scriptions,  1  c ;  V.  572,  1  c.  Jean  Louis, 
philologist,  III.  472,  1  ab.  Emile  Louis, 
scholar,  2  a. 

Burns,  Anthony,  fugitive  slave,  VIII.  722,  1  b. 
Burns,  Robert,  Scottish  poet,  III.  472.  Rob¬ 
ert,  Gaelic  scholar,  473,  1  c.  William,  colo¬ 
nel,  ib. 

Burns  and  Scalds,  III.  473.  How  to  act  in 
case  of,  474,  1  b.  Treatment  of,  2  a. 
Burnside,  Ambrose  Everett,  American  sol¬ 
dier,  III.  474.  See  Fredericksburg,  Bat¬ 
tle  of. 

Burnsville,  county  seat,  XVI.  770,  1  a. 

Burow,  Julie  [boo'-ro],  German  novelist,  III. 

475. 

Burr,  Aaron,  American  clergyman,  III.  475. 
Aaron,  third  vice  president  of  the  United 
States,  1  b.  His  duel  with  Hamilton,  VIII. 
419,  2  b.  His  intrigues  with  Blennerhassett, 

II.  709,  2  ab.  Guest  of  Gen.  Jackson,  IX. 
487,  2  c ;  denounced  by  him  to  the  govern¬ 
ment,  488,  1  a.  Prosecuted  for  levying  war 
against  a  friendly  nation,  V.  709,  2  a.  His 
trial  for  treason,  III.  476,  1  c.  His  acquain¬ 
tance  with  Bentham,  II.  537,  1  b. 

Burr,  bridge  architect,  his  plan  for  wooden 
bridges,  III.  273,  1  a. 

Burr  of  the  deer,  V.  756,  2  b. 

Burra- Burra  copper  mine ,  South  Australia, 
XV.  190,  1  c. 

Burrampoor',  town  of  British  India,  III.  476. 
Burrampooter  :  see  Brahmapootra. 

Burrhus,  Afranius,  Roman  commander,  III. 

476. 


BURRILL 


BUTE 


141 


Bueeill,  James,  American  jurist,  III.  477. 
Bubeitt,  Eliliu,  American  scholar  and  reform¬ 
er,  HI.  477. 

Bueeougiis,  George  [bur'-roze],  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  executed  for  witchcraft,  III.  477. 
Bueeougiis,  Stephen,  American  adventurer, 
III.  477. 

Bueeougiis,  William,  American  naval  officer, 
III.  477. 

Burrun  [boor-roon'j,  town  of  India,  III.  81,  2  a. 
Burrus :  see  Bueehus. 

Bursaries ,  university  scholarships,  VI.  407,  1  b. 
Buesoheid  [boor'-sliite],  town  of  Prussia,  III. 

477. 

Bueschenschaft  [boor'-shen- shaft],  associa¬ 
tion  of  German  students,  III.  477.  Declared 
illegal  by  the  Carlsbad  congress,  795,  1  a. 
Decrees  rescinded  by  the  German  diet,  ib. 
Bursera'cece  (botany),  XII.  Ill,  2  b. 

Bues'lem,  parish  and  town  of  England,  III. 

478. 

Bursting  ground ,  in  aquatint  engraving,  VI. 
653,  1  c. 

Buet,  county,  III.  478. 

Bueton,  John  Hill,  Scottish  author,  III.  478. 
Bueton,  Richard  Francis,  British  explorer  and 
author,  III.  478.  Discovery  of  Lake  Tan¬ 
ganyika,  I.  167,  1  a.  Visit  to  Harar,  VIII. 
451,  1  a. 

Bueton,  Robert,  English  clergyman,  III.  479. 

His  “Anatomy  of  Melancholy,”  1  c. 
Bueton,  William  Evans,  English  actor,  III.  479. 
Bueton-upon-Teent,  town  of  England,  III. 

479.  Abbey  of  Burton,  480,  1  a. 
Bubtscheid  [boort'-shite],  town  of  Prussia, 

III.  480. 

Buey  [ber'-e],  town  of  England,  III.  480. 
Buey,  Ange  Henri  Blaze  de  [blaz  dull  bii-re], 
French  author,  III.  480.  Marie  Pauline  Rose 
Stuart,  writer,  2  b. 

Buey  St.  Edmund’s,  town  of  England,  III.  480. 

Norman  tower  and  abbey,  481,  1  b  (ill.). 
Burying  alive ,  prevention  of,  III.  454,  1  c ;  IX. 
31,  2  c. 

Bus,  Cesar  de  [duh  biis],  French  priest,  a  foun¬ 
der  of  religious  orders,  III.  481. 

Busacchino  [boo-zak-ke'-no] :  see  Bisacquino. 
Busaireh  [boo-si'-ra],  town,  supposed  site  of 
Bozrali  of  Edom,  III.  175,  2  a. 

Busbe'quius,  Augerius  Gislenius,  Flemish  schol¬ 
ar  and  statesman,  III.  481. 

Busca  [boos'-ka],  town  of  Piedmont,  III.  481. 
Busch,  Johann  Georg  [bush],  German  philan¬ 
thropist  and  statistician,  III.  482. 


BuscmxG,  Anton  Friedrich,  German  geogra¬ 
pher,  III.  482. 

BuscraiANN,  Johann  Karl  Eduard  [boosh'-man], 
German  philologist,  III.  482. 

Buseck  [boo'-zek],  last  prince-bishop  of  Bam¬ 
berg,  II.  260,  2  c. 

Busembaum,  Hermann  [boo'-zera^bowm],  Ger¬ 
man  theologian,  III.  482. 

Bush ,  Zb\,  pseudonyme  of  David  Bushnell,  III. 
484,  2  a. 

Busrr,  George,  American  theologian  and  author, 
III.  482 ;  XVI.  203,  1  b. 

Bush  cranberry ,  fruit  of  Guelder  rose,  VIII. 
295,  2  c. 

Bushel,  measure,  III.  482.  Imperial,  483, 1  a. 
Winchester,  ib.  Of  the  state  of  New  York, 
1  ab. 

Bush  goat ,  I.  545,  2  a. 

Bush  honeysuckle ,  XVI.  536,  2  c. 

Bushiee  [boo-sheer'],  seaport  of  Persia,  III. 
483  (ill.). 

Bushman  dialect ,  I.  171,  1  b ;  IX.  9,  2  ab.  Its 
sounds,  III.  483,  2  c. 

Bushman's  clock ,  II.  130,  2  c. 

Bushmen,  tribe  of  S.  Africa,  III.  483  (ill.,  484). 
Origin  of  the  name,  1. 169, 1  c.  Great  Bush¬ 
man  Land,  III.  483,  2  c. 

Bushnell,  David,  American  inventor,  III.  484* 
Bushnell,  Horace,  American  clergyman  and 
author,  III.  484.  (Died  1876.) 

Bush  rangers ,  escaped  convicts  in  Tasmania, 

XV.  579,  2  c. 

Buska ,  snake,  XI.  840,  1  a. 

Bus'sey,  Benjamin,  merchant  of  Boston,  III. 
484.  School  of  agriculture  and  horticulture 
at  Harvard  founded  by  him,  VIII.  499,  2  b. 
Bussone ,  Francesco  [boos-so'-na] :  see  Caema- 

GNOLA. 

Bussu  [boos-soo'],  Brazilian  palm,  III.  224,  1  b. 
Bussy  d’Amboise,  Louis  de  Clermont  de  [bii- 
se  dang-bwaz],  French  cavalier,  prominent  in 
the  St.  Bartholomew  massacre,  III.  484. 
Bustamante,  Anastasio  [boos-ta-man'-ta],  pres¬ 
ident  of  Mexico,  III.  485. 

Bus'taed,  bird,  III.  485.  Great  bustard,  2  a 
(ill.).  Little  bustard,  2  c  (ill.,  486).  Black¬ 
headed  and  other  species,  486,  1  b,  tf.  Aus¬ 
tralian  bustard,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Buta'lis  cerealel'la,  Angoumois  grain  moth, 

XVI.  589,  1  c. 

Butanleuvu  [boo-tan-la-oo'-voo],  a  native  name 
of  the  Biobio,  II.  646,  2  a. 

BuTcnEE  Bied,  III.  486  ;  ill.,  487. 

Bute,  island  of  Scotland,  III.  487. 


142 


BUTE 


BUTTRICK 


Bute,  John  Stuart,  third  earl  of,  British  states¬ 
man,  III.  487.  John  Patrick  Crichton  Stu¬ 
art,  third  marquis  of,  488,  1  b. 

Butea  gum  [boo'-ta-a],  X.  13,  1  a. 

Bu'teo  (ornithology),  III.  506,  1  a.  B.  borealis, 
1  ab.  B.  lineatus,  1  be.  B.  hyemalis,  1  c. 
B.  elegans,  ib.  B.  Pennsylvanicus,  ib.  B. 
vulgaris,  2  b  (ill.). 

Bute'shire,  county  of  Scotland,  III.  488. 

Buteux ,  Father  Jacques  [bii-tuh],  French  mis¬ 
sionary,  II.  95,  1  b. 

Buti,  Lucrezia  [boo'-te],  mistress  of  Fra  Filippo 
Lippi,  X.  518,  1  ab. 

Butilli  -  Prignano ,  Bartolommeo  [boo-teel'-le- 
pre-nva'-no],  (Pope  UrbanVI.),  XYI.  221, 2  c. 

Butler,  eight  counties,  III.  488. 

Butler ,  county  seats,  II.  381,  1  a  ;  III.  488,  2  a ; 
IV.  506,  2  b. 

Butler,  Alban,  English  theologian  and  author, 
III.  489. 

Butler,  Andrew  Pickens,  American  senator, 
III.  489.  His  report  on  the  fugitive  slave 
law,  1  c.  His  last  speech,  indirectly  leading 
to  the  assault  on  Mr.  Sumner,  2  a. 

Butler,  Benjamin  Franklin,  lawyer  and  poli¬ 
tician  of  New  York,  III.  489. 

Butler,  Benjamin  Franklin,  lawyer  and  poli¬ 
tician  of  Massachusetts,  III.  489. 

Butler,  Charles,  English  historian  and  lawyer, 
III.  490. 

Butler ,  Frances  Anne  (Fanny  Kemble),  IX. 
784,  2  b. 

Butler,  James,  duke  of  Ormond :  see  Ormond. 

Butler,  James,  American  soldier  of  the  revo¬ 
lution,  III.  490. 

Butler,  John,  tory  leader  in  the  revolution, 
III.  490.  Rewarded  by  the  British  govern¬ 
ment,  2  c. 

Butler,  Joseph,  English  theologian,  III.  490. 

Butler,  Samuel,  English  satirical  poet,  III.  491. 

Butler,  Samuel,  English  bishop  and  philolo¬ 
gist,  III.  491. 

Butler, Walter,  Irish  soldier  of  fortune,  III.  491. 

Butler,  William,  American  soldier,  III.  492. 

Butler,  William,  American  clergyman  and 
missionary,  III.  492. 

Butler,  William  Allen,  American  lawyer  and 
poet,  III.  492. 

Butler,  William  Orlando,  American  soldier 
and  politician,  III.  492. 

Butorides  vires' cens  [bu-tor'-e-deez],  (ornithol¬ 
ogy),  II.  670,  2  a  (ill.). 

Butt,  Isaac,  Irish  lawyer,  politician,  and  author, 
III.  492. 


Buttarga ,  roe  of  mullet,  VII.  229,  1  a.  See 
Botargo  (Index). 

Butte  [bute],  county,  III.  493. 

Butte  Mortemart  [but  mort-mar],  in  the  Bois 
de  Boulogne,  III.  154,  1  b. 

Butter,  III.  493.  Making  of,  2  ab;  I.  317, 

1  b.  Butter  factories,  III.  494,  1  a.  Grain 
in  butter,  1  c.  Clouting,  2  c.  Ure’s  direc¬ 
tions  for  curing  butter,  495,  1  a.  Oldest 
mention  of  it,  1  ab.  Production  of  in  the 
United  States,  2  a. 

Butter ,  vegetable ,  XII.  739,  1  a. 

Butter  birds ,  II.  767,  1  be. 

Buttercup ,  plant,  XIV.  202,  2  be. 

“ Butter  and  eggs”  daffodil,  XII.  145,  2  ab. 

Butterfield,  William,  English  architect,  III. 
495. 

Butter  fish,  II.  710,  2  b. 

Butterfly,  III.  495.  General  description,  1  c. 
Metamorphoses,  496,  2  a.  Papilio  asterias, 
497,  2  a  (ill.).  Parnassius  Apollo,  498,  1  a 
(ill.).  Peacock  butterfly,  499,  1  a  (ilk).  An- 
tiopa  butterfly,  1  c  (ill.).  Semicolon  butter¬ 
fly,  2  b.  Coppers,  500,  1  c.  Skippers,  ib. 
(ill.). — Strength  of  the  butterfly’s  wings, 
IX.  313,  1  c.  White  butterfly  (turnip  or  pot¬ 
herb  fly),  XVI.  76,  1  c  (ill.).  The  butterfly 
as  an  emblem,  III.  501,  1  a.  See  Psyche, 
beginning  and  end  of  the  article. 

Butterfly  fish,  II.  710,  1  c  (ill.). 

Butterfly  weed,  XI.  546,  1  c. 

Buttermilk  channel,  New  York  bay,  III.  317,  2  b. 

Butternut,  tree,  III.  501  (ill.). 

Butters,  in  chemistry,  III.  501. 

Butter  Tree,  III.  501.  Indian  butter  tree, 

2  c ;  African,  502,  2  a  (ill.). 

Butterweed,  VII.  266,  1  ab. 

Butterwort,  plant,  XIII.  530,  1  c  (ill.). 

Buttes  [but],  village  of  Switzerland,  III.  502. 

Buttisholz  [boot'-is-holts],  village  of  Switzer¬ 
land,  III.  502. 

Buttmann,  Philipp  Karl  [boot'-man],  German 
philologist,  III.  502. 

Button,  III.  502.  Gilt  buttons,  2  b ;  covered, 
503,  1  a ;  self-fastening,  2  b ;  of  vegetable 
ivory,  2  c. 

Button,  Sir  Thomas,  English  navigator,  III.  503. 

Buttonball ,  tree,  XIII.  572,  1  ab.  Button- 
balls,  2  a. 

Buttonwood  :  see  Plane  Tree,  XIII.  572, 1  a,  be. 

Buttress,  in  Gothic  architecture,  I.  663,  2  c. 
Flying  buttress,  ib.,  and  664,  1  b  (ill.). 

Buttrick,  Major  John,  revolutionary  soldier, 
V.  206,  2  c,  207,  1  a  (Concord). 


BUTTS 


BZCYIUS 


143 


Butts,  county,  III.  504. 

Butuntum ,  ancient  town :  see  Bitonto. 

Buturlin,  Dmitri  Petrovitch  [boo-toor-lin'], 
Russian  military  writer,  III.  504. 

Buty'eio  Acid,  III.  504.  Production  of  from 
milk,  X.  88,  la.  Use  of  for  adulterations, 
VI.  734,  1  a. 

Butzow  [but'-so],  town  of  Germany,  III.  504. 

Buxiiowden,  Friedrich.  Wilhelm,  count  von 
[boox'-ho-den],  Russian  general,  III.  504. 

Buxton,  town  of  England,  III.  504.  Buxton 
diamonds,  2  c. 

Buxton,  Jedidiah,  English  calculator,  III.  504. 

Buxton,  Sir  Thomas  Fowell,  British  legislator 
and  philanthropist,  III.  505.  Charles,  wri¬ 
ter,  2  a. 

Buxtoef,  Johann  [boox'-torf],  German  Hebra¬ 
ist,  III.  505.  Johann,  Hebraist,  2  b. 

Buxus  (botany),  III.  169,  2  ab.  B.  sempervi- 
rens,  2  c.  B.  Balearica,  170,  1  b. 

Buyer's  option ,  in  stock  dealings,  XV.  388, 1  c. 

Buys-Ballot  [boice-bal'-lot],  inventor  of  the 
aeroklinoscope,  I.  143,  1  c.  His  meteorolo¬ 
gical  investigations  and  services,  II.  329, 
1  b;  IX.  82,  1  b;  XV.  405,  2  c. 

Buyukdereh  [boo-yook-da-ra/],  village  of  Euro¬ 
pean  Turkey,  III.  505  (ill.). 

Buzzard,  bird,  III.  506.  European,  2  b  (ill.). 
Black  hawk,  507,  1  a  (ill.,  506). 

Buzzard’s  Bay,  Massachusetts,  III.  507. 

ByMoemens  [Dutch,  bl'-bloo-mens],  class  of 
tulips,  XYI.  26,  2  a. 

Byles,  Mather,  American  clergyman  and  wit, 
III.  507. 

Bylot  ~bay :  see  Baffin  Bay. 

Byng,  John,  English  admiral,  III.  507. 

Bynkersiioek,  Cornells  van  [bine'-kers-hook], 
Dutch  jurist,  III.  507. 

Byrd,  William,  American  lawyer,  III.  507. 

Byrd ,  William ,  English  composer :  see  Birde. 

Byrgius,  Justus  [beer'-ghe-oos],  Swiss  inven¬ 
tor,  III.  507. 

Byrom,  John,  English  poet,  III.  508. 

Byron ,  Augusta  (Mrs.  Leigh),  half  sister  of  the 
poet,  III.  508,  1  b ;  510,  1  b. 

Byrony  Catharine  Gordon ,  mother  of  the  poet, 
III.  508,  1  b;  509,  1  c. 


Byron,  George  Gordon,  lord,  English  poet, 
III.  508.  Marriage,  510,  1  a.  Separation 
from  his  wife,  and  the  alleged  ground,  1  b. 
Popular  indignation  against  him,  1  c ;  aban¬ 
dons  his  country,  2  a.  Relations  with  the 
countess  Guiccioli,  2  c.  Joins  the  insurgent 
Greeks,  511,  2  b.  His  death,  4  c.  His  body 
refused  interment  in  Westminster  abbey,  il>. 
Characterization,  512,  1  b.— Anne  Isabella 
Milbanke,  his  wife,  509,  2  c;  512,  1  c.  Ada 
Augusta,  his  daughter,  2  a. 

Byron,  Henry  James,  English  playwright,  III. 

512. 

Byron,  John,  English  admiral,  III.  512. 

Byron ,  John  (“mad  Jack  Byron”),  father  of 
the  poet,  III.  508,  1  b. 

Byron ,  William ,  lord,  great-uncle  of  the  poet, 
III.  508,  1  c,  2  c. 

Byron's  bay,  "V  III.  729,  2  be. 

Byssa ,  citadel  of  Carthage,  IY.  39,  1  be. 
Byssus,  filaments  of  mollusks,  III.  513  ;  XI. 
721,  2  c.  Byssus  of  the  ancients,  fine  flax 
or  cotton,  III.  513,  1  b;  YI.  529,  1  be;  X. 
504,  2  a. 

Bystrom,  Johan  Nils  [be'-strom],  Swedish 
sculptor,  III.  513. 

Bytown:  see  Ottawa,  city  of  Canada. 
Byzace'na ,  ancient  political  division  of  Africa, 
XYI.  31,  1  c. 

Byz'  antine  antiquities  in  Norway ,  XII.  498, 
2  ab. 

Byzantine  architecture ,  I.  661,  1  b,  2  a ;  mo¬ 
saics,  XI.  857,  1  c;  style  of  painting,  XII. 
796,  1  c. 

Byzantine  Empire,  III.  513.  Its  extent,  2  a. 
History,  2  b,  ff.  Image  controversy  and 
iconoclasm,  515,  1  b,  c,  2  b.  The  Latin  em¬ 
pire  established  by  the  crusaders,  517,  1  a  ; 
overthrown,  2  a.  Conquests  of  the  Turks, 
2  b ;  Constantinople  taken  by  them,  518, 1  c. 
Administrative  government,  2  a. 

Byzantine  Historians,  III.  518. 

Byzantine  text  of  the  New  Testamen  £,  II.  611, 
2  b. 

Byzantium  [be-zan'-she-um],  ancient  city,  III. 
519. 

Bzo'vius,  Abraham,  Polish  scholar,  III.  520. 


144 


0 


CACCABIS 


c 


0,  a  letter,  III.  520.  Derivation,  1  ab.  Its 
office  in  the  early  Latin,  1  b.  Pronunciation 
and  phonetic  changes,  1  be.  As  a  numeral 
and  an  abbreviation,  2  be.  On  French  coins, 
2  c.  In  music,  ib. 

Caaba  :  see  Mecca,  XI.  314,  2  c. 

Cab ,  of  a  locomotive,  XV.  338,  2  ab. 

Cabal',  III.  520.  The  cabal  ministry,  521, 1  a; 

II.  529,  2  c;  VI.  626,  1  be;  XIV.  808,  2  b. 
Cab'ala,  III.  521.  Fundamental  ideas  of  the 

theosophic  cabalism,  1  c.  Cabalistic  inter¬ 
pretation  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  2  be. 
See  XIII.  440,  1  a. 

Cabalists :  see  Cabala.  Bible  of  the  cabalists, 

III.  521,  1  be.  Their  doctrine  of  metem¬ 
psychosis,  XI.  429,  1  c. 

Caballero ,  Fernan  [ka-ba-lya'-ro] :  see  Bohl 
Faber. 

CabaVlica  Provin'cia ,  ancient  district :  see 
Chablais. 

Caballicus  Ager ,  ancient  district:  see  Ciia- 

BLAIS. 

Caballi'num ,  ancient  town:  see  CninoN-suR- 
Sa6ne. 

Cabanel,  Alexandre  [ka-ba-nel],  French  paint¬ 
er,  III.  522. 

Cabanis,  Pierre  Jean  George  [ka-ba- neece], 
French  physician  and  philosopher,  III.  522. 
Cabanis  {Jean  Louis),  German  naturalist,  his 
classification  of  birds,  XII.  708,  1  b. 
Cabar'rus,  county,  III.  522. 

Cabarrus,  Francisco  de,  count  [ka-bS-riis], 
Spanish  financier,  III.  523. 

Cabat,  Nicolas  Louis  [ka-ba],  French  land¬ 
scape  painter,  III.  523. 

Cabbage,  III.  523.  Leaf  and  flowers  (ill.), 
2  b.  Cultivation,  2  c. 

Cabbage  Palm,  III.  524  (ill.). 

CABEgA  de  Vaca  [ka-ba'-sa  da  va'-ka] :  see 
NbNez,  Alvar. 

Cabel,  Marie  Jos5phe  [kii-bel],  Belgian  singer, 
III.  524. 

Cab'ell,  county,  III.  524. 

Cabellio ,  ancient  town :  see  Cavaillon. 

Cabes,  Gulf  of  [ka'-bess],  III.  524.  See  Syrtis 
Major. 

Cabet,  Dtienne  [ka-ba],  French  communist, 
III.  524;  XII.  178,  1  a. 

Cabillo'num ,  ancient  town :  see  Chalon-sbr- 
Sa6ne. 


Cabin'da,  seaport  of  Lower  Guinea,  III.  525. 
Cabinet,  executive  council,  III.  525.  In  Great 
Britain,  1  b.  In  the  United  States,  2  c. 
Origin  of  this  meaning  of  the  word,  VI. 
626,  1  b. 

Cabi'ri,  heathen  divinities,  III.  526. 

Cable,  III.  526.  Cable’s  length,  2  c.  Hemp¬ 
en  cables,  ib.  Chain  cables,  527,  1  ab. 
Forms  of  links,  1  b  (ill.).  Bolt  and  shackle, 
2  c  (ill.).  Manufacture,  528,  1  a. 

Caboceers ,  African  chiefs,  VII.  82,  1  a. 
Cabociie,  Simonet  [ka-bush],  leader  of  a  French 
faction,  III.  528. 

Cabochians  [ka-bo-she-ans] :  see  Cabociie. 
Cabomba  Caroliniana  (botany),  XVI.  508,  1  c. 
Cabool',  division  of  Afghanistan,  III.  528. 
Capital,  2  b  (ill.).  Proceedings  of  the  Eng¬ 
lish  at,  I.  161,  1  c;  their  expulsion,  2  b; 
their  retaliation,  162,  1  a. 

Cab'ot,  George,  American  senator,  III.  529. 
Cabot,  John,  discoverer  of  the  continent  of 
North  America,  III.  529;  XVI.  149,  2  c. 
Sebastian,  cosmographer  and  discoverer,  III. 
530, 1  c  ;  XVI.  149,  2  c.  Discoveries  of  the 
Cabots,  I.  392,  2  b ;  668,  1  c ;  X.  73,  2  b. 
Cabot ,  J.  Eliot ,  assistant  of  Agassiz,  I.  176, 
2  be. 

Cab oto, Giovanni:  see  Cabot,  John. 

Cabo  Tormentoso ,  cape,  VII.  604,  2  a. 
Cabotville  :  see  Chicopee. 

Cabra  [ka'-bra],  town  of  Spain,  III.  531. 
Cabral,  Francisco  [ka-braT],  Portuguese  mis¬ 
sionary,  III.  531. 

Cabral,  Pedro  Alvarez  de,  Portuguese  navi¬ 
gator,  III.  531 ;  231,  1  a. 

Cabrera,  Ramon  [ka-bra'-ra],  count  of  Morelia, 
Spanish  general,  III.  531.  (Died  1876.) 
Cabul  [ka-bool'j :  see  Cabool. 

Caca'o  [Sp.  ka-kow'],  tree,  III.  531 ;  ill.,  532. 
Cacahuamilpa  [ka-ka-wa-meel'-pa],  cave  of,  in 
Mexico,  XI.  825,  2  a. 

Cacajao  [Port,  ka-ka-zhow'],  monkey,  XI.  751, 
2  c  (ill.). 

Cacasu  [ka-ka-soo'],  fish,  IV.  754,  2  b. 

Cacatu'a  (ornithology),  IV.  784,  1  b.  C. 
Leadbeateri,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  sulphurea,  ib. 
C.  Philippinarum,  2  b. 

Cacatui'nce  (ornithology),  IV.  784,  1  a. 
Cac'cdbis  (ornithology),  XIII.  142,  2  b.  C.  rufa 
ib.  (ill.).  C.  Grseca,  143,  1  a. 


CACERES 


CiESAR 


145 


Caceres  [ka'-tha-race],  province  of  Spain,  III. 

532.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Cachalot  [kash'-a-lot],  XVI.  581, 1  b  (Whale)  ; 
III.  767,  2  be. 

Cache  [kash],  county,  III.  532. 

Cachemires- Temaux  [kash-meer-tair-no],  imi¬ 
tation  of  Indian  shawls,  XV.  660,  1  ab. 
Cachet,  Lettres  de  [letr’  du.h  ka-sha],  French 
royal  warrants,  III.  532. 

Cachexia  [ka-kex'-e-a],  in  medicine,  III.  533. 
Exophthalmic  cachexia  (heart  disease),  VIII. 
566,  2  b. 

Cacholong  [kak'-o-long],  variety  of  opal,  XII. 
642,  1  b. 

Cacodyle :  see  Kakodyle. 

Cactus,  genus  of  plants,  III.  533.  C.  melo- 
cactus,  2  be  (ill.).  C.  flagelliformis,  534, 

1  be  (ill.,  533).  C.  grandiflorus,  534,  1  a. 
C.  Opuntia,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  tuna,  2  b  (ill.). 
C.  cochinillifer,  ib.  (ill.). 

Cacumazin:  see  Caminatzin. 

Ca'cus,  legendary  giant,  III.  534. 

Cadahalso,  Josd  de  [ka-da-al'-so],  Spanish 
author,  III.  534. 

Cadalao ,  Pietro  [ka-da-low'],  antipope  as  Ho- 
norius  II.,  VIII.  800,  2  a. 

Cadalo'iis :  see  Cadalao  (Index). 

Cadalso :  see  Cadahalso. 

Cad'alus :  see  Cadalao  (Index). 

Cadamos'to,  or  Ca  da  Mosto,  Luigi,  Italian 
navigator,  III.  535. 

Cadaveric  rigidity ,  I.  519,  2  b. 

Caddis  Fly,  neuropterous  insect,  III.  535. 
Caddis  worm ,  XT.  302,  1  a  (Mayfly). 

Caddo,  parish  of  Louisiana,  III.  535. 

Caddoes,  Indian  tribe,  III.  535. 

Cade,  John,  English  insurgent,  III.  535. 
Ca'dell,  Robert,  Scottish  bookseller,  III.  535. 
Cadency ,  marks  of, \  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 

2  be,  c. 

Cade'nus ,  apseudonyme  of  Swift,  XV.  522, 1  c. 
Cad’er  Id'ris,  mountain  of  Wales,  XI.  408,  2  c  ; 
XVI.  425,  2  c. 

Cades,  Giuseppe  [ka'-dess],  Italian  painter, 
III.  535. 

Cadesia,  battle  of  between  Persians  and  Arabs, 
XVI.  785,  2  a. 

Cadet  de  Vaux,  Antoine  Alexis  Francois  [ka- 
da  dhh  vo],  French  chemist,  III.  536. 

Cadet's  fuming  liquor,  IX.  733,  2  b. 

Cadi  [ka/-de  or  ka'-de],  Moslem  magistrate, 
III.  536. 

Cadillac,  Antoine  de  la  Mothe  [la  mote  ka-de- 
lyak],  French  explorer,  III.  536  ;  II.  629,  2  b. 
10 


Ca'diz  [Sp.  ka'-^Aeeth],  province  of  Spain,  III. 
536.  Capital  city,  2  a.  Alameda  of  Cadiz 
(ill.),  2  c. 

Cadiz ,  county  seats,  VIII.  481,  2  be;  XV.  865, 
1  a.  * 

Cadme'a ,  ancient  city,  and  the  citadel  of  Thebes, 
XV.  689,  1  c. 

Cadme'ans,  primitive  inhabitants  of  Thebes, 
II.  774,  2  c. 

Cad'mia,  mineral,  III.  537.  See  Zinc,  XVI. 
817,  2  c  ;  818,  2  c. 

Cadmium,  metal,  III.  537.  Salts  of,  538,  1  c. 

Cadmus,  mythical  king  of  Thebes,  III.  538. 

Cadodaquios :  see  Caddoes. 

Cadoudal,  Georges  [ka-doo-d&l],  leader  of 
Breton  insurgents,  III.  538 ;  IV.  521,  1  a, 
and  be. 

Caducibran' chiate  amphibia ,  I.  437,  1  b. 

Cadu'ga:  see  Coorg. 

Cadwalader,  John,  American  soldier,  III.  539. 

Cadzow  castle  and  forest ,  Scotland,  VIII.  415, 
1  c. 

Ccecilia  Castra ,  ancient  city,  III.  532,  2  b. 

Ccecilian ,  bishop  :  see  Donatists,  VI.  207,  2  b. 

Cascilians,  order  of  batrachians,  III.  539. 

C^ecilius  Statius,  Roman  comic  poet,  III.  539. 

C^e'cum,  in  anatomy,  III.  539. 

Caedmon  [ked'-mon],  Anglo-Saxon  poet,  III, 
539  ;  I.  504,  2  c. 

Ccdian  hill ,  in  Rome,  XIV.  409, 1  ab. 

C.ELius  Aurelianus,  physician,  III.  539. 

C^elius  Mons  :  see  Rome,  XIV.  409,  1  ab. 

Caen  [kang],  town  of  France,  III.  539.  Church 
of  St.  Pierre,  2  c ;  apsis  of  (ill.),  540,  1  b. 

Caen  stone ,  XIV.  600,  2  b. 

Ccerebi’nce  (ornithology),  XV.  476,  2  c ;  477, 1  b. 

Caer-Isc  [ker-isk'J :  see  Exeter,  VIL  28,  2  a. 

Caerleon  [ker-le'-on],  town  of  England,  III. 
540.  Arthur’s  Round  Table,  2  a  (ill.). 

Caermarthen  :  see  Carmarthen. 

Caernarvon  :  see  Carnarvon. 

Ccesalpinia :  see  Brazil  Wood. 

C^esalpi'nus,  Andreas,  Italian  physician  and 
naturalist,  III.  540;  132,  1  be  (Botany). 

Caesar,  title,  VI.  585,  2  c. 

C^e'sar,  Cains  Julius,  Roman  general  and 
statesman,  III.  541.  Suspected  of  complicity 
in  Catiline’s  conspiracy,  2  a.  First  triumvi¬ 
rate,  2  c.  Wars  in  Gaul,  542,  1  a.  Inva¬ 
sion  of  Britain,  ib.  Passage  of  the  Rubicon, 
1  c.  Civil  war,  ib.  Decision  in  favor  of 
Cleopatra  against  Ptolemy,  ib. ;  his  son  by 
her,  543,  1  ab  (see  Ccesarion ,  Index).  Pro¬ 
claimed  dictator,  542,  2  a;  imperator,  ib. 


146 


(LESAR 


CAISSON 


Conspiracy  against  him,  2  be.  Assassinated, 
543,  1  a.  His  character,  1  ab.  His  works, 
1  b. — Theories  of  his  landing  in  Britain,  I. 
223,  1  a.  His  military  system,  I.  743,  1  c, 
ff.  Decree  respecting  physicians,  XI.  347, 
1  b.  His  treatment  of  Yarro,  XVI.  269,  2  c. 
C.esar,  Sir  Julius,  English  jurist,  III.  543. 

I  His  friendship  for  Lord  Bacon,  2  c. 

Caesarea  [ses-a-re'-a],  ancient  city  of  Judea, 
III.  544 ;  ruins  of  (ill.),  ib. ;  ancient  harbor 
of,  XIII.  5,  1  c.  Ancient  city  of  Cilicia, 
III.  544,  1  b. 

CcBsarea  Augusta ,  ancient  city :  see  Sara¬ 
gossa,  XIV.  627,  2  c,  628,  1  a. 

Cjssa'rean  Section,  iu  obstetrics,  III.  544 ; 
XII.  570,  2  be. 

Cmare'um ,  a  church  in  Alexandria,  scene  of 
Hypatia’s  murder,  IX.  134,  2  c. 

Ccesa'rians ,  or  Cces'arines,  seceding  Franciscans, 
VII.  425,  2  c. 

Ccesarion ,  son  of  Julius  Cassar  by  Cleopatra, 
III.  543,  1  ab ;  IV.  668,  1  ab,  669,  1  b. 
Ccesarodu'num ,  ancient  city :  see  Tours. 

C 'cesar om'ag us,  ancient  city  :  see  Beauvais. 
Caesium,  metal,  III.  545.  Discovery  of,  X. 
15,  2  be. 

Cjesius,  Bassus,  Roman  poet,  III.  545. 

Caeta  [ka-e'-ta],  ancient  city:  see  Gaeta. 

Caf  [kaf],  legendary  mountain  range  encir¬ 
cling  the  earth,  III.  545. 

Caff  a :  see  Kaffa. 

Caffarel'li,  Italian  vocalist,  III.  545. 
Caffarelli,  Francois  Marie  Auguste,  French 
soldier,  III.  545. 

Caffarelli  du  Falga,  Louis  Marie  Joseph 
Maximilien,  French  soldier  and  writer,  III. 

545. 

Caffeic  acid ,  V.  15,  2  c. 

Caffeine  [kaf'-fe-in],  active  principle  in  coffee, 
III.  546. 

Caffeone ,  volatile  oil  of  coffee,  V.  15,  2  c. 
Caffi,  Ippolito  [kaf'-fe],  Italian  painter,  III. 

546. 

Caffra'ria,  country  of  Africa,  III.  546.  Zoo- 
loo  youths  (ill.),  ib.  British  Caffraria,  547,  2  a. 
Caffres ,  III.  547,  1  a;  743,  1  a;  VI.  757, 1  be. 

Caff  re  dialect,  I.  171,  1  be. 

Caffristan  :  see  Kafiristan. 

Cagayan  [ka-ga-yan'] :  see  Luzon. 

Cagayan  Sooloo,  island  of  the  Malay  archi¬ 
pelago,  III.  547. 

Cagli  [ka'-lye],  town  of  Italy,  III.  547. 
Cagliari  [ka'-lya-re],  province  of  Sardinia, 
III.  547.  Capital  city,  548,  1  a. 


Cagliari,  Paolo  (Paul  Veronese),  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  III.  548. 

Cagliari ,  steamer,  seizure  and  confiscation  of, 
VII.  135,  1  ab. 

Cagliostro,  Alessandro  di,  count  [ka-lyoce'- 
tro],  Italian  charlatan,  III.  548. 

Cagnola,  Luigi,  marquis  [ka-nyo'-la],  Italian 
architect,  III.  549. 

Cagnoli,  Antonio,  Italian  mathematician,  III. 

549. 

Cagots  [ka-go],  outcast  race  of  France  and 
Spain,  III.  549 ;  IV.  116,  1  b. 

Cahagnet,  Louis  Alphonse  [ka-a-nya],  French 
spiritualist,  III.  550. 

Caiiaw'ba,  river  of  Alabama,  III.  550. 
Cahawba ,  county  seat,  V.  643,  2  c. 

Cahen,  Samuel  [ka-a116],  French  Hebraist,  III. 

550. 

Caiiin'ca,  drug.  III.  550. 

Caiiors  [ka-or],  town  of  France,  III,  550. 

Roman  amphitheatre,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cahorsins ,  class  of  pawnbrokers,  XIII.  197, 1  b. 
Cahrocs ,  California  Indians,  X.  22,  1  b. 
CaJiuchu  [ka-oo'-choo],  Indian  name  of  caout¬ 
chouc,  III.  734,  1  c. 

CaiaJc,  boat  of  the  Esquimaux,  VI.  730,  1  c. 
Cai'apiias,  Jewish  high  priest,  III.  551. 
Caiazzo  [ka-yat'-so] :  see  Cajazzo. 

Caicos  [ki'-koce],  four  of  the  Bahama  islands, 
III.  551. 

Caille,  Nicolas  Louis  de  la :  see  La  Caille. 
Caillet,  Guillaume  [ka-ya],  French  insurgent: 
see  Jacquerie. 

Cailliaud,  Frederic  [ka-yo],  French  traveller 
and  explorer,  III.  551. , 

Caillie,  Rend  [ka-ya],  French  traveller,  III.  551. 
Cain,  eldest  son  of  Adam,  III.  551. 

Cainca  [ka-een'-ka],  plant :  see  Caiiinca. 
Cain'ites,  sect,  III.  551 ;  VIII.  54,  2  b. 

Qa  Ira  [sa  e-ra],  French  revolutionary  song, 
III.  551. 

Caird,  James,  Scottish  agriculturist,  III.  552. 
Caird,  John,  Scottish  clergyman,  III.  552. 
Cairngorm ',  mountain,  I.  22,  2  c;  pebbles,  ib. 
Cairnes ,  J.  F.,  XIII.  674, 1  a  (Political  Econ¬ 
omy). 

Cairns ,  mounds  in  Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  a. 

Cairo  [kl'-ro],  city,  capital  of  Egypt,  III.  552. 
Modern  street  in  (ill.),  ib.  Mosque  of  Tulun, 
553,  1  b  (ill.) ;  of  Mehemet  Ali,  2  a  (ill.). 
Cairo  [ka'-ro],  city  of  Illinois,  III.  554. 

Caisse  Lafarge  [kase  la-farzh],  a  French  tontine, 
XV.  797,  1  a. 

Cais'son  [Fr.  ka-song],  in  architecture  and  engi* 


CAISSONS 


CALATRAVA 


147 


neering,  III.  554.  The  ordinary  caisson,  2  c. 
Open  or  bottomless  caissons,  555,  1  c.  In¬ 
verted  caissons,  2  b.  Bush’s  caisson,  550, 
1  a  (ill.).  Caisson  of  East  river  bridge,  557, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Caissons ,  ammunition  wagons,  I.  429,  2  a. 
Caitii'ness,  county  of  Scotland,  III.  558. 

Caius  [ka'-yus],  Roman  general,  III.  558. 
Theologian  and  bishop,  1  c.  Saint  and 
bishop  of  Rome,  ib. 

Caius,  jurist :  see  Gaius. 

Caius,  John,  English  physician,  III.  558. 
Cajamaeca  [ka-kha-mar'-ka],  department  of 
Peru,  III.  558.  Capital  city,  2  c.  Antiqui¬ 
ties  of,  559,  1  b. 

Cajatambo  [ka-kha-tam'-bo],  town  of  Peru, 
III.  559.  Province,  1  c. 

Cajazzo  [ka-yat'-so],  town  of  Italy,  III.  559. 
Caj'eput  Oil,  III.  559.  Cajeput  tree,  ib.  (ill.). 
Cajetan,  Benedetto  :  see  Boniface  VIII. 
Tommaso  de  Vio,  cardinal,  III.  560,  1  a. 
Enrico  (Sermaneto),  cardinal,  1  b. 

Cajetans:  see  Tiieatines,  XY.  685,  1  a. 
Cajetanus:  see  Cajetan. 

Cake  lake ,  coloring  matter,  X.  76,  1  be. 

Qdkta  denomination  [sak'-ta],  in  Brahmanism, 
IX.  229,  1  be. 

Calabar',  part  of  the  Guinea  coast,  III.  560. 
Calabar  Bean,  III.  560  (ill.).  As  an  anti- 
spasmodic,  I.  572,  1  c. 

Cal' abash,  sweet ,  VIII.  149,  1  be  (Geanadilla). 
Calabash  Tree,  III.  560  (ill.,  561). 

Calabozo  [ka-la-bo'-so],  town  of  Venezuela, 

III.  561. 

Calabrese,  II  [ka-la-bra'-za] :  see  Preti,  Mat- 
tia. 

Cala'bria  [Ital.  ka-la'-bre-a],  southern  part  of 
Italy,  III.  561. 

Calabria ,  ancient:  see  Apulia,  I.  608,  1  b, 
and  Messapia. 

Calabria  Citeriore  [che-ta-re-o'-ra] :  see  Co- 

SENZA. 

Calabria  Ulteriore  I.  and  II.  [ool-ta-re-o'-ra] : 

see  Reggio  di  Calabria,  and  Catanzaro. 
Calabrians  ( Calabri ),  an  Italic  race,  IX.  439, 
1  c;  XI.  416,  1  b. 

Caladium  (botany),  III.  562.  C.  esculentum, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Calce'nas  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  1  c.  C.  Ni- 
cobarica,  2  a  (ill.). 

Calagur'ris ,  ancient  town :  see  Calahorra. 
CALAnoRRA  [ka-la-oar'-ra],  town  of  Spain,  III. 
562. 

Calais  [kal'-is],  city  of  Maine,  III.  562. 


Calais  [ka-la],  town  of  France,  III.  563. 

Place  d’Armes,  &c.  (ill.),  2  a. 

Calamagros' tis  arena' ria  (botany),  XIV.  241, 

1  be. 

Calaman'der  Wood,  III.  563. 

Cal'amary ,  a  name  of  the  squid,  XV.  294,  2  a. 
Calamat'ta,  Luigi,  Italian  engraver,  III.  563. 

Josephine,  painter,  564,  1  a. 

Calambu'co,  timber  tree,  III.  564. 

Calame,  Alexandre  [ka-lam],  Swiss  painter, 
III.  564. 

Cala'mece  (botany),  XIII.  18,  2  a. 

Calamianes  [ka-la-me-a'-nace],  group  of  the 
Philippine  islands,  III.  564. 

Calamine  [kal'-a-min  or  -mine],  ore  of  zinc, 
III.  564.  Electric  calamine,  2  b;  in  phar¬ 
macy,  ib.  See  Zinc,  XVI.  817,  2  c;  818, 

2  c ;  820,  1  b. 

Calamis,  Greek  statuary,  III.  565. 

Calami' ta  Carolinen'sis  (zoology),  XV.  854,  2  c. 
Cal'amites  [generic,  sing,  and  pi.,  kal-a-mi'- 
teez],  fossil  plants,  III.  565  (ill.). 

Calamus,  III.  565.  A  reed  used  for  writing, 

1  c.  Musical  instrument,  2  b. — Genus  of 
palms :  see  Palm,  XIII.  18,  2  b.  C.  rotang, 

2  c  (ill.).  C.  Scipionum,  19,  1  ab.  C.  draco, 
lb;  II.  249,  2  a. — The  sweet  flag,  III.  565, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Calamy,  Edmund,  English  clergyman,  III.  565. 

Edmund,  D.  D.,  566,  1  a. 

Calan'cha,  Frey  Antonio  de  la,  Peruvian  wri¬ 
ter,  III.  566. 

Caland,  Roman  Catholic  brotherhood,  III.  566. 
Calandra  (entomology),  II.  477,  2  b.  C.  grana- 
ria,  XVI.  535,  2  c.  C.  palmarum,  536,  1  be. 
C.  sacchari,  1  c. 

Calandrin'ia  (botany),  XIV.  96,  1  ab. 

Calas,  Jean  [ka-las],  French  Protestant  mar¬ 
tyr,  III.  566. 

Calasanctius ,  St.  Joseph:  see  Casalanza  (In¬ 
dex). 

Calascibetta  [ka-la-she-bet'-ta],  town  of  Sici¬ 
ly,  III.  566. 

Calasio,  Mario  de  [ka-la'-ze-o],  Italian  Hebra¬ 
ist,  III.  566.  His  Hebrew  concordance,  2  be. 
Calasirii ,  Egyptian  warrior  caste,  I.  737,  1  a. 
Calatafimi  [ka-la-ta-fe'-me],  town  of  Sicily, 
III.  566.  Battle  of,  2  c. 

Calatagirone  :  see  Caltagieone. 

Calatayud  [ka-la-ta-yoo£V],  town  of  Spain, 
III.  567. 

Calatrava  la  Vieja  [ka-la-tra'-va  la  ve-a'- 
kha],  city  of  Spain,  III.  567.  Order  of  Cala¬ 
trava,  1  b. 


148 


CALAYANCES 


CALENDAR 


Calavances ,  species  of  pea,  IX.  512,  1  b. 
Calaveeas  [kal-a-va'-ras],  county,  III.  567. 
Calaveeas,  river  of  California,  III.  567. 
Cal'cak,  Jan  Stephan  van,  Flemish  painter, 
III.  567. 

Calcareous  alabaster ,  I.  234,  2  c. 

Calcareous  complaints,  German  wines  a  pre¬ 
ventive  of,  VII.  773,  1  ab. 

Calcareous  earths ,  their  causticity  discovered, 

II.  674,  2  be. 

Caloaeeotjs  Spae,  mineral,  III.  567. 
Caloaeeous  Speings,  III.  567.  Calcareous 
tufa,  568,  1  b. 

Calcasieu  [kal'-ka-shu],  river  of  Louisiana, 

III.  568. 

Calcasieu,  parish  of  Louisiana,  III.  568. 
Calceamenta ,  ancient  shoes,  XIY.  873,  2  a. 
Calcei  lunati ,  ancient  shoes,  XIY.  873,  2  a. 
Calceus ,  ancient  shoe,  XIY.  873,  1  c. 

Calchas  [kal'-kas],  legendary  soothsayer,  III. 
568. 

Calcification ,  in  heart  disease,  YIII.  562,  2  b. 
Calcite ,  crystal,  Y.  538,  2  c ;  540,  2  a ;  541, 1  b ; 
XIY.  370,  1  be. 

Calcium,  metallic  base  of  lime,  III.  568.  Ox¬ 
ide  of,  X.  477,  2  ab ;  chloride  of,  478,  1  b, 
480,  1  ab ;  sulphide  of,  1  c,  XY.  150,  2  ab ; 
bisulphide  of,  X.  478,  2  a;  pentasulphide  of, 
ih. ;  phosphuret  of,  2  b ;  hypophosphite  of, 
2  c ;  nitrate  of,  479,  1  be. 

Calcium  light ,  III.  568,  2  c. 

Calcopyrite ,  copper  pyrites,  XIY.  109,  1  c. 

Calc  spar ,  X.  481,  2  a.  See  Caloaeeous  Spae. 
Calc  tujf,  deposit  of  calcareous  springs,  III. 

568,  1  b. 

Calculating  Machines,  III.  568.  Pascal’s, 

569,  1  b.  Leibnitz’s,  1  be.  Babbage’s,  1  c. 
Scheutz’s,  2  b. 

Calculi,  stone-like  concretions  in  the  body,  III. 
569.  Urinary  calculi,  570,  1  a.  Gall  stones, 

1  c. 

Calculus,  in  mathematics,  III.  570.  Imaginary, 

2  b.  Residual,  ib.  Differential,  2  c.  Inte¬ 
gral,  571,  1  b.  Calculus  of  variations,  1  be. 
Calculus  of  quaternions,  1  c ;  YIII.  424,  2  b. 
Treatises  on  calculus,  III.  571,  2  b.  See 
Mathematics,  XI.  275,  1  a,  2  a;  276,  2  b. 
Discovery  of  the  differential  calculus,  III. 
571,  1  a;  controversy  concerning  it,  X.  324, 
1  b,  and  XII.  349,  1  b  (infinitesimal  analy¬ 
sis).  Germ  of,  YII.  701,  1  c. 

Calcutta,  city  of  Hindostan,  III.  57L  Gov¬ 
ernment  buildings  and/  Ochterlony  monu¬ 
ment  (ill.),  573. 


Caldani,  Leopoldo  Marco  Antonio  [kal-da'-nej, 
Italian  anatomist,  III.  574. 

Caldaba,  Antonio,  Italian  composer,  III.  574. 
Caldaea,  Polidoro :  see  Caeavaggio. 
Calda'rium ,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  383,  1  b,  2  a. 
Caldas,  Francisco  Jos6  de,  naturalist  of  New 
Granada,  III.  574.  Scientific  journal  pub¬ 
lished  by,  1  c;  republished,  ib .,  and  I.  69, 1  c. 
Caldas  Peeeiea  de  Souza,  Antonio  [kal'-das 
pa-ra'-e-ra  da  so'-za],  Brazilian  poet,  III.  574. 
Caldee  [kawl'-der],  river  of  England,  III.  574. 
Colder :  see  Cawdoe. 

Caldeea  [kal-da^-ra],  seaport  of  Chili,  III.  574. 
Caldeeon  de  la  Baeca,  Frances  Inglis,  ma- 
dame  [kal-da-rone'  da  la  bar'-ka],  Anglo- 
Spanish  authoress,  III.  574. 

Caldeeon  de  la  Baeca,  Pedro,  Spanish  dram¬ 
atist,  III.  574;  XY.  222,  1  ab. 

Caldeewood,  David  [kawl'-der-wood],  Scottish 
clergyman,  III.  576. 

Calderwood,  Henry,  XIII.  445, 2  c  (Philosophy). 
Caldieeo  [kal-de-a'-ro],  village  of  Italy,  III. 

576.  Military  actions  at,  2  c.  Springs  of,  ib. 
Caldwell  [kawld'-wel],  five  counties,  III.  577. 
Caldwell,  village  of  New  York,  III.  577. 
Caldwell,  Charles,  American  physician,  III. 

577. 

Caldwell,  James,  American  clergyman  and  rev¬ 
olutionary  patriot,  the  “soldier  parson,”  III. 
577.  His  exhortation,  “Put  Watts  into  them, 
boys,”  578,  1  a. 

Caldwell,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  American  scholar, 
III.  578. 

Ca'le,  or  Portus  Cale,  site  of  Oporto,  XII.  651, 
1  be. 

Caleb,  Abyssinian  king,  I.  45,  2  c. 

Caledo'nia  (Scotland),  III.  578.  Derivation 
of  the  name,  YII.  552,  1  c. 

Caledonia,  county,  III.  578. 

Caledonia,  county  seat,  YIII.  14,  2  c. 

Caledonii ,  ancient  people  of  Scotland,  III.  578, 

1  b. 

Ca'lef,  Robert,  American  merchant,  III.  578. 
His  work  against  witchcraft  publicly  burned, 

2  b. 

Caleia  [ka-le'-ya],  ancient  town :  see  Cilly. 
Cal'endae,  III.  578.  Greek  division  of  the 
month,  2  c;  Roman,  579, 1  a.  Calendar  from 
Pompeii,  1  ab  (ill.).  Solar  year,  ib.  Julian 
calendar,  1  c;  Gregorian,  2  a  and  c.  Rule 
for  movable  church  feasts,  2  b.  Lunar  cycle, 
2" be..  Golden  number,  ib.  Beginning  of  the 
year  in  different  nations,  2  c.  Old  style  and 
new  style  in  England,  580, 1  b.  French  rev- 


CALENDERING 


CALKING 


149 


olutionary  calendar,  1  b.  In  ancient  northern 
nations  of  Europe,  1  c. — Mohammedan  calen¬ 
dar,  VIII.  612,  2  b.  Bill  for  the  reformation 
of  the  calendar  in  England,  IV.  390,  1  a; 
effected  by  statute  in  1751,  VII.  706,  1  c; 
popular  objection  to  it,  XI.  493, 1  b.  Altera¬ 
tion  of  the  calendar  by  Peter  the  Great,  XIII. 
350,  2  a:  see  Calendar,  III.  579,  2  a,  580,  1  c. 

Calendering,  III.  580.  Smoothing  calender, 
introduction  of,  581,  1  a.  Folding,  2  b. 

Calenders ,  dervishes,  VI.  33,  1  c. 

Calends,  first  day  of  a  month  (Roman),  III. 
579,  1  a. 

Calen'dula  officinalis  (botany),  XI.  166,  2  a. 

Cal'enture,  a  febrile  disease,  III.  581. 

Calepin  [kal-pang],  scrap  book,  III.  581,  2  c. 

Calepino,  Ambrogio  [ka-la-pe'-no],  Italian  lexi¬ 
cographer,  III.  581. 

Gales  [ka'-leez],  a  name  of  Cadiz,  III.  537,  1  c. 

Caleti ,  or  Caletes  [ka-le'-ti,  -teez],  ancient  Ar- 
moric  tribe,  X.  470,  1  c. 

Calf  [kaf],  III.  582.  Rearing  of  calves,  1  b. 
Robert  Colt’s  rules  for  feeding,  1  c. 

Calhoun  [kal-hoon'],  ten  counties,  III.  582. 

Calhoun ,  county  seats,  VIII.  112,  1  a;  X.  797, 
1  a. 

Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  American  statesman, 
III.  583.  His  course  in  congress  in  regard 
to  the  war  with  England,  584,  1  c;  to 
the  national  bank,  2  be;  to  internal  im¬ 
provements,  585,  2  a.  Appointed  secre¬ 
tary  of  war,  2  b.  His  opinion  on  the 
Missouri  compromise,  586,  1  a;  590,  1  b. 
Elected  vice  president,  586, 1  be.  Opposition 
to  the  protective  system,  2  a.  His  breach 
with  President  Jackson,  587,  1  a.  Elected 
U.  S.  senator,  1  be.  The  nullification  move¬ 
ment,  2  a.  Condemns  the  removal  of  the 
deposits,  2  c.  His  report  against  anti-slavery 
publications,  588,  2  a.  The  public  lands,  589, 

1  b.  Oratorical  contest  with  Henry  Clay,  2  b. 
His  pro-slavery  resolutions,  590,  1  a;  591, 

2  c.  Appointed  secretary  of  state,  590,  2  b. 
Annexation  of  Texas,  ib.  Returns  to  the 
senate,  591,  2  a.  Opposes  the  Mexican  war, 
ib. ;  592,  1  c.  His  views  of  the  Monroe  doc¬ 
trine,  2  a.  His  last  speech,  593,  1  a.  Web¬ 
ster’s  estimate  of  him,  1  c.  His  character,  2  b. 

Calhoun ,  Patrick ,  father  of  J.  C.  Calhoun,  III. 
583,  2  b,  c. 

Caliari ,  Paolo :  see  Cagliari. 

Calico ,  origin  of  the  word,  III.  594,  1  c,  and  V. 
402,  2  c;  different  meanings  of,  III.  594, 1  c. 

Calico  bush,  IX.  737,  2  a  (Kalmia). 


Calico  Printing,  III.  594.  Processes  of  the 
ancient  Egyptians  and  others,  2  a,  ff.  Pres¬ 
ent  process,  595,  1  c.  Copperplate  print¬ 
ing,  2  c ;  cylinder  printing,  ib.  Preparing 
and  applying  colors  and  mordants,  596, 2  ab. 
Use  of  aniline  colors,  597,  2  b. 

Calicut,  seaport  of  British  India,  III.  598. 
Calida'rium,  ancient  place,  III.  576,  2  c  (Cal- 

DIERO). 

Calidris  (ornithology),  XIV.  598, 1  be.  C.  are- 
naria,  1  c  (ill.). 

California,  state,  III.  598.  State  seal,  2  b. 
Population,  599, 1  a.  Mountains,  2  ab.  Val¬ 
leys,  600,  1  c.  Sea  coast,  2  b.  Rivers,  601, 
1  a.  Lakes,  1  c.  Geology,  2  a.  Mineral¬ 
ogy,  2  c.  Gold  mining,  602,  1  b.  Quicksil¬ 
ver,  &c.,  2  b,  ff.  Climate,  603,  2  a.  Soil 
and  productions,  604,  2  b.  Flora,  606,  1  a. 
Fauna,  2  ab.  Natural  curiosities,  2  c.  Manu¬ 
factures,  607,  2  a.  Commerce,  608,  1  a.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  2  b.  Government,  609, 

1  c.  Finances,  610, 1  be.  State  institutions, 

2  b.  Education,  611,  1  a.  Libraries  and 
periodicals,  612,  1  b.  Religion,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory,  2  a. 

California,  county  seat,  XI.  748,  1  c. 
California,  great  tree  of,  XIV.  772,  2  a. 
California,  Gulf  of,  III.  613. 

California,  Indians  of,  III.  613. 

California,  Lower,  III.  614.  Lower  Califor¬ 
nia  company  (of  New  York),  615,  2  a. 
California  lilac,  so-called,  XII.  312,  2  a. 

Caligi,  fish  lice,  VI.  694,  2  a. 

Caligny,  Jean  Antenor  Hue  de  [ii  duh  ka-le- 
nye],  French  military  and  civil  engineer, 
III.  615. 

Calig'ula,  Caius  Caesar  Augustus  Germanicus, 
Roman  emperor,  III.  615. 

Calipash :  see  Callipash  (Index). 

Calipee :  see  Callipee  (Index). 

Ca'liph,  title  of  the  successors  of  Mohammed, 
III.  616.  Lines  of  caliphs  (table),  618,  1  a. 
Calip’pic  cycle,  in  astronomy,  III.  618,  1  c. 
Calippus,  Greek  astronomer,  III.  618.  His 
cycle,  1  c. 

Caliver,  firearm,  XII.  100,  2  b. 

Calixtines  [ka-lix'-tins],  branch  of  the  Hus¬ 
sites,  III.  618 ;  IX.  92,  1  be ;  XVI.  829,  2  c. 
Followers  of  George  Calixtus,  III.  618,  1  c. 
Calixtus,  name  of  three  popes,  III.  618. 
Calixtus  III.,  antipope,  I.  279,  1  c. 

Calixtus,  George,  Lutheran  divine,  III.  619. 

Founder  of  Syncretism,  1  b. 

Calking  [kawk'-ing],  in  ships,  XIV.  863,  2  ab. 


150 


CALLA 


CALORIC 


Calla,  genus  of  plants,  III.  619.  C.  palustris, 
1  c.  C.  iEthiopica,  2  a  (ill.). 

Callahan,  county,  III.  619. 

Calla'o  [Sp.  ka-lyow'],  town  of  Peru,  III.  619. 
Callava ,  Col.  [ka-lya'-va],  governor  of  Spanish 
Florida,  imprisoned  by  Andrew  Jackson, 
IX.  491,  2  c. 

Cal'laway,  two  counties,  III.  620. 

Callcott,  Sir  Augustus  Wall  [kawl'-kut],  Eng¬ 
lish  painter,  III.  620.  John  Wall,  composer, 

1  c.  Maria,  authoress,  2  a. 

Calleja,  Felix  del  Rey  [ka-lya'-kha],  conde 
de  Calderon,  Spanish  general,  III.  620. 
Cal'lendee,  James  Thompson,  Scotch-Ameri- 
can  political  writer,  III.  620. 

Collet  [ka-la],  (Jean  Francois,  1744-’ 98),  loga¬ 
rithmic  tables  of,  X.  578,  1  c. 

Callichthys  [kal-lik'-this],  (ichthyology),  VII. 
239,  2  a. 

Callicrates  and  Icti'nus  [kal-lik'-ra-teez],  archi¬ 
tects  of  the  Parthenon,  II.  56,  1  b. 
Callicrat'idas,  Spartan  general,  III.  620. 
CALLikEES  Bonnevue,  Louis  Hector,  chevalier 
de  [ka-lyair  bun-vti],  governor  of  Canada, 
III.  621. 

Callimachus  [kal-lim'-a-kus],  Greek  architect 
and  statuary,  III.  621.  Alexandrian  gram¬ 
marian  and  poet,  1  b. 

Callinec'tes  hasta'tus  (crustacea),  Y.  449,  1  c 

(ill.). 

Calling  the  last  turn ,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  be. 
Calli'nus  of  Ephesus,  Greek  poet,  III.  621. 
Callion' ymus  (ichthyology),  XV.  321,  2  b. 
Calliopce'a  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Calliope  [kal-ll'-o-pe],  muse,  III.  621  (ill.). 
Calliope  [kal'-le-ope],  county  seat,  XV.  68, 1  a. 
Calliope ,  steam  organ,  XII.  688,  2  b. 

Calliope ,  the  French :  see  DESHOULikp.ES,  YI. 
41,  2  b. 

Callipash' :  see  Callipee  (Index). 

Callipee ',  choice  part  of  the  flesh  of  the  turtle 
(the  lower,  in  distinction  from  callipash,  the 
upper  part),  XYI.  79,  2  b. 

Calliph'ora  vomito'ria  (entomology),  VII.  294, 

2  b.  Maggots  of,  296,  1  ab. 

Callip'olis,  ancient  name  of  Gallipoli,  VII. 
580,  2  c,  and  581,  1  b. 

Callirrhoe  [kal-lir'-ro-e],  a  fountain  near 
Athens,  III.  621. 

Callirrhoe ,  nymph,  I.  263,  2  b. 

Callirrhoe ,  name  of  Edessa,  Mesopotamia, 
under  the  Seleuckhu,  VI.  401,  2  b. 

Cal'lis,  ancient  town  :  see  Cagli. 

Callisen ,  George :  see  Calixtus. 


Callisen,  Hendrik,  Danish  surgeon,  III.  621. 
Adolph  Carl  Peder,  surgical  professor,  2  a. 

Callis’te  (ornithology),  XV.  564,  1  b.  C.  fes- 
tiva,  ib. 

Callisteia  [kal-lis-te'-ya],  festival,  III.  621. 

Callisthenes  [kal-lis'-the-neez],  Greek  phi¬ 
losopher,  III.  621  ;  I.  278,  1  be. 

Callisihen' ics :  see  Gymnastics,  VIII.  352, 1  c ; 
354,  1  b. 

Callis'to,  Arcadian  nymph,  III.  621. 

Callis'tratus,  Athenian  orator,  III.  621. 

Cal'lithrix  (zoology),  XI.  751,  2  a.  C.  sci- 
ureus,  ib.  C.  primsevus,  753,  2  a. 

Calloceph’alus  (zoology),  XIV.  732,  1  a. 

Callorhi'nus  ursi'nus  (zoology),  XIV.  734, 
1  ab  (ill.). 

Callorhyn'chus  austra'lis  (ichthyology),  XIV. 
727,  2  a 

Callot,  Jacques  [ka-lo],  French  painter  and 
engraver,  III.  622. 

Calluna  (botany),  VIII.  580, 1  b.  C.  vulgaris,  ib. 

Callus,  hardness  of  the  skin  from  friction  or 
pressure,  III.  622.  Osseous  growth,  uniting 
fractured  bones,  2  ab  ;  61,  1  a  (Bone). 

Cal'mar,  district  of  Sweden,  III.  622.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  c.  Union  of  Calmar,  VI.  13,  1  be  ; 
XI.  157,  2  b;  XII.  511,  1  b;  XV.  508,  2  c. 
Its  termination,  IV.  526,  1  c.  War  of  Cal¬ 
mar,  IV.  527,  1  b. 

Cal 'met,  Augustin  [Fr.  kal-ma],  French  Bene¬ 
dictine  scholar,  III.  623. 

Calmon,  Marc  Antoine  [kal-mong],  French 
political  economist,  III.  623. 

Cal'mucks,  Mongol  people,  III.  623.  Calmuck 
costumes,  624,  1  a  (ill.,  623). 

Calo'geri :  see  Caloyees. 

Calomaede,  Francisco  Tadeo,  count  de  [ka-lo' 
mar'-f/ia],  Spanish  statesman,  III.  624. 

Calombier ,  Mile.  [ka-long-bya] :  see  Bonaparte, 
Napoleon,  III.  37,  1  a. 

Cal'omel,  subchloride  of  mercury,  III.  624. 
Methods  of  preparing  it,  2  b.  Its  use  in 
medicine,  625,  1  a ;  XL  403,  1  c,  2  a.  Na¬ 
tive  calomel  (ore  of  mercury),  III.  624,  1  c ; 
IV.  501,  2  a. 

Calonne,  Charles  Alexandre  de  [ka-lun], 
French  courtier  and  minister  of  state,  III. 
625. 

Calop'tenus  spre'tus  (entomology),  XIV.  371, 
1  c  (ill.).  C.  femur-rubrum,  2  c  (ill.).  C. 
Atlantis,  372,  1  a. 

Calorescence :  see  Spectrum,  XV.  246,  1  a. 

Catop/ic:  see  Heat,  VIII.  567,  2  b. 

Caloeic  Engine,  HI.  625.  Principle  of,  626, 


CALORIC 


CAMATA 


151 


1  a.  Ericsson’s,  1  be  (ill.).  Ericsson’s  im¬ 
proved,  2  a  (ill.).  Roper’s,  G27,  1  b  (ills.). 
Caloric  theory ,  VIII.  567,  2  b. 

Calorie ,  the  kilogramme  degree  of  heat,  VIII. 
573,  2  b. 

Calorific  rays  of  light ,  X.  440,  2  a. 
Calorification ,  mortem :  see  Dowler,  VI. 

234,  2  be. 

Calorim'eter,  III.  627.  Black’s  ice-block 
calorimeter,  VIII.  573,  2  b  (ill.).  Ice 
calorimeter  of  Lavoisier  and  Laplace,  574, 
1  a  (ill.).  Bunsen’s,  1  be  (ill.). 

Calorimotor ,  Hare's  (Robert),  VIII.  458,  2  c. 
Calosa'mia  angulif' era  (entomology),  XV.  45, 

1  b.  C.  Promethea,  ib. 

Calotype,  in  photography,  XIII.  469,  2  b. 
Calo'vius,  Abraham,  German  divine,  III.  627. 
Caloy'ers,  Greek  monks,  III.  628.  Female 
Caloyers,  1  be. 

Cai/pe,  rock  of  Gibraltar,  III.  628 ;  I.  42,  1  c ; 

VII.  800,  2  c ;  VIII.  679,  2  c. 

Calpee',  town  of  British  India,  III.  628. 
Calpur'nius,  Titus,  Latin  poet,  III.  628. 
Caltagirone  [kal-ta-je-ro'-na],  city  of  Sicily, 
III.  628. 

Caltaniset'ta,  province  of  Sicily,  III.  628. 
Capital,  2  b. 

Caltha  palustr is  (botany),  XI.  167,  1  b. 

Calton  hill  [kawl'-tun],  near  Edinburgh,  VI. 
405,  2  b. 

Calumba ,  a  root :  see  Colttmbo. 

Cal'umet ,  Indian  national  pipe,  I.  403,  1  b. 
Calumet,  county,  III.  628.  River  :  see  Cal- 
umick. 

Calumick,  river,  III.  628. 

Calu’rus  resplen’  dens  (ornithology),  XV.  877, 

2  ab. 

Calvados  [kal-va-doce],  department  of  France, 
III.  629. 

Calvaert,  or  Calvart,  Denis  [kal'-vart],  Flem¬ 
ish  painter,  III.  629. 

Cal'vary,  scene  of  the  crucifixion,  III.  629 ; 
IX.  616,  2  a. 

Calvert  [kawl'-vert],  county,  III.  629. 
Calvert,  George,  first  Lord  Baltimore,  Eng¬ 
lish  statesman  and  colonizer,  III.  629.  Ceci- 
lius,  second  Lord  Baltimore,  first  proprietary 
of  Maryland,  2  be.  Leonard,  first  governor 
of  Maryland,  2  c. — Charles,  Lord  Baltimore, 
governor  and  proprietary,  XI.  230,  2  a. 
Benedict  Leonard,  2  b.  Charles,  a  Protes¬ 
tant,  restored  to  authority  as  proprietary,  ib. 
Calvert,  George  Henry,  American  author, 
III.  631. 


Calvert  and  Scarborough  line ,  boundary  of 
Maryland  and  Virginia  on  the  eastern  shore, 

XI.  230,  2  c. 

Calvi,  Lazzaro  and  Pantaleone,  Genoese 
painters,  III.  631. 

Calvin,  John,  French  reformer,  III.  631.  Be¬ 
comes  the  champion  of  refoitfh,  2  c.  Ilis 
“Institutes  of  the  Christian  Religion,”  632, 

1  be.  Ground  idea  of  his  system  of  theology, 

2  ab;  its  leading  tenets,  2  b.  Settled  in 
Geneva,  633,  1  a.  Omission  of  Trinity  and 
person  in  the  Genevese  creed,  1  be.  Pres- 
byterial  system  inaugurated,  634,  1  b.  Ec¬ 
clesiastical  and  civil  disputes,  2  a-b.  Trial 
and  execution  of  Servetus,  635,  1  a.  Acad¬ 
emy  of  Geneva,  1  c.  Extent  of  Calvin’s  in¬ 
fluence,  2  a. 

Calving ,  of  glaciers,  XIII.  653,  2  b. 

Calvinism ,  the  five  points  of,  XIV.  253,  2  c. 
Calvis'ius,  Seth  us,  German  musician  and 
chronologist,  III.  636. 

Calvus,  Caius  Licinius  Macer,  Roman  orator 
and  poet,  III.  636. 

Calw  [kalv],  town  of  Wurtemberg,  III.  636. 
Calx,  in  alchemy  and  chemistry,  III.  636. 
Calyd’na ,  island  :  see  Tenedos. 

Cal'ydon,  ancient  city  of  .ZEtolia,  III.  636. 
Calydo'nian  hunt ,  XI.  369,  2  c  (Meleager). 
Calyme'ne,  genus  of  trilobites,  III.  636 ;  XV. 

868,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Calyp'so,  nymph,  III.  637. 

Calyptom' ena  (ornithology),  XI.  88,  .2  a.  C. 
viridis,  2  ab. 

Calyptorhyn’chus  (ornithology),  IV.  784,  2  b. 
C.  stellata,  785,  1  a  (ill.,  784).  C.  Tem- 
minckii,  1  b. 

Ca’lyx ,  in  botany,  XIII.  585,  1  a,  c.  Mono- 
sepalous  or  gamosepalous  calyx,  586,  2  a. 
Cam,  river  of  England,  III.  637. 

Cam,  Diogo  [kang],  Portuguese  navigator,  III. 
637. 

Camaldolen’ sians :  see  Camaldules. 

Carnal’  doli,  congregation  of :  see  Camaldules, 
and  Monachism,  XI.  730,  1  b. 

Camal'dules,  religious  order,  III.  637. 
Camar’acum ,  ancient  name  of  Cambrai,  III. 
641,  1  b. 

Camar'go,  Marie  Anne,  dancer,  III.  637. 
Camargue,  La  [la  ka-marg],  island  of  France, 
III.  637. 

Camari'na,  ancient  town  of  Sicily,  III.  637. 
Camars ,  ancient  town :  see  Clusium. 

Camata  and  camatina ,  tanning  substances, 

XII.  558,  1  b. 


152 


cambacErEs 


CAMEO 


Cambaceres,  Jean  Jacques  Regis  de  [ra-zheece 
duh  kallg-ba-sa-race],  duke  of  Parma,  Frencli 
statesman,  III.  637. 

Cambay',  city  of  British  India,  III.  638.  Gulf 
of,  2  a. 

Cambay  stones ,  IY.  8,  2  a. 

Cam'berwell,  suburb  of  London,  III.  638. 
Camberwell  beauty ,  species  of  butterfly,  III. 
499,  1  a. 

Cambiaso,  Luca  [kam-bya'-zo],  Genoese  artist, 
III.  638. 

Cambini,  Giuseppe  [kam-be'-ne],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  III.  638. 

Cambium ,  in  plants,  XIII.  580,  1  a.  Referred 
to,  I.  217,  2  c;  VII.  30,  2  b;  VIII.  140,  1  a. 
Cambo  dia,  kingdom  of  Further  India,  III.  638. 
(Map,  I.  456.)  Productions,  639,  1  a.  Cam¬ 
bodians,  2  a  (ill.).  Social  customs,  2  b. 
Government,  2  c.  History,  640,  1  a. 
Cambodia  River  :  see  Mekong. 

Camboge :  see  Gamboge. 

C ambon,  Joseph  [kang-bdDg],  French  revolution¬ 
ist,  III.  640. 

Ca^l'borne,  town  of  England,  III.  641. 
Cambrai  [kallg-bra],  city  of  France,  III.  641. 
League  of,  against  Venice,  1  c;  IX.  712, 
1  a;  XVI.  300,  1  a.  Treaty  of  (ladies’ 
peace),  III.  641,  1  c;  IV.  295,  2  ab;  VII. 
382,  1  b,  417,  2  c;  XI.  157,  2  a. 

Cambray :  see  Cambrai. 

Cam'bria,  county,  III.  641. 

Cambrian  System,  in  geology,  III.  641 ;  VII. 
694,  2  a  (in  table,  1  c) ;  696,  1  b,  c,  2  a,  ab ; 
697,  1  b,  be,  2  c. 

Cambric  [kaim'-brik],  origin  of  the  name,  III. 
641,  1  c. 

Cambridge  [kaim'-brij],  city  of  Massachusetts, 
III.  641.  Washington  elm,  2  c  (ill.,  642). 
Longfellow’s  house,  ib.  (ill.,  642).  Public 
institutions,  642,  1  a.  See  Harvard  Uni¬ 
versity.  Mount  Auburn  cemetery,  2  a. 
Cambridge ,  county  seats,  VI.  214,  1  a;  VIII. 

298,  2  c;  641,  1  c;  IX.  424,  2  c. 

Cambridge,  town  of  England,  III.  643.  Church 
of  St.  Sepulchre,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Cambridge,  University  of,  III.  643.  Colleges, 
644,  1  a.  Government,  1  b.  Professors,  1  c. 
Admission,  2  b.  Classes  of  students,  ib. 
University  terms,  2  c.  Degrees,  ib.  Exami¬ 
nations,  645,  1  a.  Fellowships,  1  c.  Public 
buildings,  2  b.  Gothic  chapel  in  King’s  col¬ 
lege,  ib.  (ill.).  Fitzwilliam  museum,  2  be 
(ill.).  Libraries,  2  c. 

Cambridge,  Dukes  of,  III.  646.  Adolphus 


Frederick,  1  a.  George  William  Frederick 
Charles,  commander-in-chief,  1  b.  Miss 
Fairbrother,  his  mistress,  1  c.  Augusta,  his 
sister,  grand  duchess  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 
ib.  Mary,  Princess  Teck,  his  sister,  ib. 
Cambridgeshire,  county  of  England,  III.  646. 
Cambronne,  Pierre  Jacques  Rtienne,  baron 
[kang-brun],  French  general,  III.  646. 
Cambusken'neth ,  Scotland,  battle  of,  XVI.  432, 

1  a. 

Camby'ses,  Persian  king,  III.  646.  Conquest 
of  Egypt,  2  c ;  VI.  463,  1  b.  Barbarities  of, 
III.  647,  1  a;  XI.  381,  lb;  XIII.  322,  1  a. 
Camden,  four  counties,  III.  647. 

Camden,  city  of  Hew  Jersey,  III.  647.  Town 
of  South  Carolina,  2  b.  Town  of  Alabama, 

2  c.  Town  of  Arkansas,  648,  1  a. 

Camden ,  county  seats,  II.  542,  1  a;  III.  647, 

1  c ;  IX.  813,  2  b ;  XII.  738,  1  b ;  XVI.  620, 

2  a. 

Camden,  county  of  New  South  Wales,  III.  648. 
Camden,  Charles  Pratt,  earl,  English  states¬ 
man,  III.  648.  His  defence  of  the  right  of 
juries  in  cases  of  libel,  1  b ;  of  the  liberties 
of  the  subject  in  the  case  of  John  WTilkes, 

1  c ;  of  the  American  colonies,  ib. 

Camden,  William,  British  historian  and  anti¬ 
quary,  III.  648.  Camden  society,  2  c. 

Camden  house ,  at  Chiselhurst,  abode  of  the 
deposed  emperor  Napoleon  III.,  III.  54,  2  c. 
Camel,  ruminating  animal,  III.  648.  Bactrian 
camel,  649, 1  b  (ill.),  650, 1  b.  Arabian  cam¬ 
el,  649, 1  c  (ill.).  Stomach  of  the  camel, 

2  c.  Stomach  cells,  and  foot  (ill.),  2  b. 
Fossil  camel,  650,  1  b.  Major  Wayne  on  the 
use  of  the  camel  in  the  United  States,  ib. 
Age  of,  I.  182,  2  ab. 

Camel,  machine  for  floating  ships,  III.  650. 
Camel ,  river,  bird,  XIII.  236,  2  a. 

Cameline  [kam-leen],  sauce,  V.  300,  1  be. 
Camellia,  genus  of  shrubs,  III.  650.  C.  bohea 
and  viridis,  2  c.  (See  Tea,  XV.  598,  2  b.) 
C.  Japonica,  ib.  (ill.,  651).  C.  reticulata,  651, 
1  be.  C.  oleifera,  ib.  C.  sasanqua,  ib .,  and 
XV.  601,  1  be. 

Camel'opard  :  see  Giraffe. 

Camelopar'dalis,  constellation,  III.  651. 
Camelotes  [ka-mS-lo'-tace],  floating  islands, 
XIII.  597,  1  c. 

Came'lus  (zoology),  III.  648.  C.  Bactrianus, 
649,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  Arabicus,  1  c  (ill.). 
Camenz  [ka'-ments],  town  of  Saxony,  III.  651. 
Cam'eo,  III.  651.  Gem  cameos,  2  a.  Shell 
cameos,  652,  1  be.  Cameo  cutting  on  shells, 


CAMEO 


CAMPBELL 


153 


2  a;  Holtzapffel’s  directions  for  it,  2  ab. 
Carving  in  onyx  and  carnelian,  653,  1  a  and 
b.  See  Agate,  I.  178,  1  ab. 

Cameo  incrustation ,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  24, 
1  b  (ills.). 

Cam'era  Lu'cida,  optical  instrument,  III.  653. 
Wollaston's  camera,  1  c  (ills.).  Amici’s  cam¬ 
era,  2  c  (ill.,  654).  Use  of  in  microscopy, 
XI.  520,  2  a. 

Camera  Obscu'ra,  optical  instrument,  III. 
654  (ill.). 

Camera' via  (botany),  III.  654,  2  b. 

Camerarius:  see  Chamberlain. 

Camerarius,  Joachim  [ka-ma-ra'-re-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  scholar,  III.  654.  Joachim,  botanist,  2 
b.  Rudolph  Jakob,  physician  and  botanist,  ib. 
Camerata ,  Count  [ka-ma-ra'-ta],  husband  of 
the  princess  Bacciochi,  II.  194,  1  a.  Napo- 
leone,  her  son,  ib. 

Camerino  [ka-ma-re'-no],  town  of  Italy,  III. 
654. 

Cameri'num ,  ancient  city :  see  Camerino. 
Cam'eron,  three  counties,  III.  655. 

Cameron ,  county  seat,  XI.  531,  1  a. 

Cameron ,  Captain,  British  consul  to  Abyssinia, 

I.  47,  1  a. 

Cameron ,  Donald ,  Scottish  chief,  IV.  312,  1  ab. 
Cameron,  John,  Scottish  theologian,  III.  655. 
His  theory  of  the  will,  2  a.  Cameronites, 
his  followers,  ib. 

Cameron,  Richard,  Scottish  preacher,  founder 
of  the  Cameronians,  III.  655. 

Cameron,  Simon,  American  senator,  III.  655. 
Camero'nes:  see  Cameroons. 

Cameronians,  sect  of  Scotch  Presbyterians, 
III.  656. 

Cameronites  (Amyraldists),  followers  of  John 
Cameron,  III.  655,  2  a. 

Cameroons,  river  of  Guinea,  III.  656. 
Cameroons  Mountains,  in  Africa,  III.  656. 
Camilla ,  county  seat,  XI.  677,  2  c. 

Camillus,  Marcus  Furius,  Roman  dictator,  III. 
657. 

Caminatzin  [ka-me-nat-seen'J,  Mexican  king, 
III.  657. 

Cam'isards  [Fr.  k£-me-zar],  French  Protes¬ 
tants,  III.  657 ;  IX.  38,  1  a. 

Cammeni ,  islands  of :  see  Thera,  XV.  696,  2  a. 
Cam'meriioff,  John  Frederick,  Moravian  bish¬ 
op,  III.  658. 

Cammin  [kam-meen'],  town  of  Prussia,  III.  658. 
Camoens,  Luiz  de  [kam'-o-ens],  (Port.  Camdes , 
ka-moings'),  Portuguese  poet,  III.  658. 
Camorra,  Neapolitan  secret  society,  III.  659. 


Campagna  [kam-pa'-nya],  town  of  Italy,  III. 

659. 

Campagna  di  Roma  [de  ro'-ma],  plain  surround¬ 
ing  Rome,  III.  659  (ill.). 

Campagna  Felice  [fa-le'-cha],  Italian  name  of 
Campania,  III.  661, 1  b. 

Campag'nol  [Fr.  kang-pa-nyul],  meadow  mouse, 
XI.  312,  1  a  (ill.). 

Campaign  of  France  (Napoleon’s,  in  1814), 
III.  45,  1  c. 

Campan  [kang-pa"g],  town  of  France,  III.  660. 
Cam  pan  marble,  1  b. 

Campan,  Jeanne  Louise  Henriette  Genest, 
French  teacher,  III.  660. 

Campana ,  church  bell,  II.  495,  2  ab. 
Campanel'la,  Tommaso,  Italian  philosopher, 
III.  660 ;  XIII.  440,  2  c  (Philosophy). 
Campaniia  [kam-pa'-nya],  town  of  Brazil,  III. 

660. 

Campani,  Matteo  and  Giuseppe  [kam-pa'-ne], 
Italian  inventors  and  opticians,  III.  660. 
Campania,  division  of  ancient  Italy,  III.  661. 
Campani  Aliments:  see  Campani,  III.  660, 
2  c. 

Campanile  [kam-pa-ne'-la],  bell  tower,  III. 
661.  Giotto’s  campanile  at  Florence,  1  c 
(ill.) ;  II.  495,  2  b. 

Campanile  of  St.  Mari:  see  Venice,  XVI. 
297,  1  c. 

Campanula  (botany),  VIII.  459,  1  ab.  C. 

rotundifolia,  ib.  (ill.).  C.  linifolia,  2  a. 
Campanula' ria,  liydroid:  see  Jelly  Fish,  IX. 
602,  1  ab. 

Campbell  [kam'-el  or  kam'-bel],  four  counties, 
III.  661. 

Campbell,  Alexander,  American  clergyman, 
founder  of  a  sect,  III.  662.  See  Disciples. 
Campbell,  Archibald :  see  Argyll,  Duke  of. 
Campbell,  Sir  Colin,  Lord  Clyde,  British  gen¬ 
eral,  III.  662. 

Campbell,  George,  Scottish  clergyman,  III.  663. 
Campbell,  John,  Scottish  writer,  III.  663. 
Campbell,  John,  Scottish  clergyman,  III.  663. 
Campbell,  John,  lord,  British  jurist  and  au¬ 
thor,  III.  663. 

Campbell,  Sir  Neil,  British  officer,  III.  664. 
Campbell,  Thomas,  British  poet,  III.  664. 

Originated  the  university  of  London,  2  c. 
Campbell ,  Thomas ,  clergyman,  associate  found¬ 
er  of  the  sect  of  Campbellites,  VI.  132,  1  a. 
See  Campbell,  Alexander. 

Campbell,  Lord  William,  royal  governor  of 
South  Carolina,  III.  665. 

Campbell,  William,  American  officer,  III.  665. 


154 


CAMPBELL 


CANADA 


Campbell  of  Glenlyon ,  his  atrocious  treachery 
and  bloodshed,  VIII.  31,  2  a  (Glencoe). 

Campbell  Court  House,  county  seat,  III.  661,  2  c. 

Campbellites ,  or  Disciples  of  Christ,  II.  293, 
2  ab;  III.  662,  1  ab;  VI.  132,  1  a. 

Campbellsville,  county  seat,  XY.  591,  2  b. 

Campbellton ,  county  seat,  III.  661,  2  c. 

Campbelltown :  see  Fayetteville,  YII.  102, 2  b. 

Campbeltown,  seaport  of  Scotland,  III.  665. 

Camp  Dick  Robinson ,  Union  camp  in  Kentucky, 
IX.  805,  1  b. 

Campe,  Joachim  Heinrich  [kam'-peh],  German 
author,  III.  665. 

Campea'ohy,  state  of  Mexico,  III.  665.  Capi¬ 
tal  citv,  2  b. 

Campeachy  wood :  see  Logwood,  X.  584,  2  b. 

Campeche  [Sp.  kam-pa'-cha] :  see  Campeachy. 

Campeggio,  Lorenzo  [kam-ped'-jo],  Italian  car¬ 
dinal,  III.  666. 

Campeius  [kam-pe'-yus] :  see  Campeggio. 

Campenon,  Francois  Nicolas  Yincent  [kangp- 
nong],  French  poet,  III.  666. 

Campeph! ilus  principa'lis  (ornithology),  XYI. 
709,  2  b. 

Campee,  Pieter  [kam'-per],  Dutch  physician 
and  anatomist,  III.  666.  His  studies  of  the 
anatomy  of  birds,  2  be;  of  the  varieties  of 
the  human  race,  2  c  ;  of  comparative  anato¬ 
my,  ib. 

Camp  fever ,  YII.  166,  2  c. 

Camphausen,  Wilhelm  [kamp'-how-zen],  Ger¬ 
man  painter,  III.  667. 

Campiiene',  in  chemistry,  III.  667.  Varieties 
of,  1  b ;  XVI.  77,  2  c.  Principal  cainphenes, 
III.  667,  2  a.  Burning  fluid,  2  ab. 

Campherenes  and  camphilenes ,  modifications  of 
camphenes,  III.  667,  2  a. 

Cam'phoe,  III.  667.  Camphor  tree  of  Suma¬ 
tra  and  Borneo,  2  b.  Camphor  wood,  668, 
1  a.  Common  camphor,  1  b;  tree  yielding 
it,  2  a  (ill.).  Preparation  of  camphor,  2  a ; 
its  chemical  character,  2  be ;  medicinal  use, 
669,  1  a. 

Camphoe'io  Acid,  III.  669. 

Camphuysen,  Dirk  Bafelsk  [kamp'-hoi-zen], 
Dutch  painter,  theologian,  and  poet,  III.  669. 

Campi,  Giulio  [kam'-pe],  Italian  painter,  III. 
669.  Bernardino,  painter,  2  a. 

Cam'ptan,  Edmund,  English  author  and  theo¬ 
logian,  III.  669. 

Campidoglio ,  piazza  del  [pyat'-sa  del  kam-pe- 
do'-lyo],  Rome,  III.  756,  2  a. 

Campli  [kam'-ple],  town  of  Italy,  III.  670. 

Camp  meetings ,  religious ,  schism  caused  by 


their  introduction  among  the  English  Wes- 
leyans,  XI.  454,  1  a;  III.  160,  1  b. 
Campobas'so,  province  of  Italy,  III.  670.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  1  b. 

Campobasso,  Nicolb,  count  of,  Neapolitan  sol¬ 
dier  of  fortune,  III.  670. 

Campo  Foemio,  village  of  Italy,  III.  670.  Peace 
of,  ib .;  39,  2  ab;  II.  145,  1  c;  YII.  390,  2  b. 
Campo  Marzo  [mar'-tzo],  district  of  Rome,  III. 
670,  2  ab. 

Campo  Santo  :  see  Cemeteey,  IY.  187,  2  be. 

Of  Pisa,  ib . ;  its  frescoes,  YII.  483,  2  c. 
Campo  Vaccino  [vat-che'-no],  Roman  forum, 
YII.  338,  2  a. 

Camps ,  half-faced:  see  Tent,  XY.  653,  2  be. 
Camptol' emus  Labrado'rius  (ornithology),  YI. 
290,  2  c  (ill.,  291). 

Camptosorus  rhizophyllus ,  walking  leaf,  fern, 
XYI.  430,  2  c  (ill.) ;  YII.  149,  2  be. 

Campus,  in  Roman  antiquity,  III.  670.  Cam¬ 
pus  Martius,  1  c ;  XIY.  410,  1  ab.  C.  Esqui- 
linus,  1  b.  O.  Sceleratus,  III.  670,  2  b; 
XIV.  410,  1  b ;  XYI.  328,  2  b. 

Campus  Pompeius :  see  Pompeii,  XIII.  694, 1  b. 
Camulodu'num ,  ancient  town,  Y.  43,  2  a  (Col- 
chestee). 

Camus,  Armand  Gaston  [ka-mus],  French  revo¬ 
lutionist,  III.  670. 

Camus,  Charles  Etienne  Louis,  French  mathe¬ 
matician  and  mechanician,  III.  671. 
Camwood,  a  dyewood,  III.  671  (ill.) ;  233,  1  c. 
Ca'na,  two  ancient  towns  in  Palestine,  III.  671. 
Canaan  [ka'-nan],  in  Palestine,  III.  671 ;  XIII. 
7,  2  c. 

Canaanites ,  VIII.  408, 1  be ;  XIII.  7,  2  c,  8, 1  a. 
Can'ada,  Dominion  of,  III.  671.  (Map.)  Seal 
(ill.),  2  b.  Divisions,  2  a.  Population,  672, 

1  a.  Boundary  line,  1  b.  Physical  features, 

2  c.  Climate,  673,  2  b.  Forests,  674,  1  a. 
Union  of  the  provinces,  1  b.  Government, 
2  b.  Finances,  676,  2  a.  Commerce,  2  c. 
Industrial  statistics,  XII.  822-’4  (Appendix). 
History,  III.  677,  2  ab.  Earthquake  of 
1663,  678,  1  b.  Canals  of,  687,  2  a.  Fenian 
invasion  of,  YII.  127,  1  be;  second  invasion 
meditated,  128,  2  b. 

Canada ,  Loiver :  see  Quebec  (province),  and 
III.  679,  1  a. 

Canada ,  Upper:  see  Ontaeio  (province),  and 
III.  679,  1  a. 

Canada  balsam ,  II.  247,  1  c,  248,  1  c,  249, 
2  c;  YII.  208,  1  be;  XYI.  77,  1  be.  Use 
of  in  polarizing  apparatus,  X.  447,  1  a. 
Canada  East :  see  Quebec  (province). 


CANADA 


CANE 


155 


Canada  potato,  I.  782,  1  c. 

Canadaquois,  Indian  tribe,  III.  679,  2  ab. 

Canada  turpentine ,  VII.  208,  1  be. 

Canada  West:  see  Ontario  (province). 

Canadian  Catechism ,  allusion  to,  III.  679,  2  b. 

Canadian  Indians,  III.  679. 

Canadian  River,  tributary  of  tlie  Arkansas, 
III.  679. 

Canajoiiarie  [kan-a-jo-ha'-re],  town  of  New 
York,  III.  679. 

Canal',  artificial  watercourse,  III.  679.  Prin¬ 
ciples  of  construction,  2  c.  Cross  section 
(ill.),  680,  1  a.  Lock,  2  a  (section).  Lift  lock 
(ill.),  681,  1  c.  Weigh  lock,  2  b  (ill.).  Aque¬ 
ducts,  682,  2  a.  Seneca  river  aqueduct, 
ih.  (ill.).  Motive  power,  2  b.  Canals  of 
Asia  and  Europe,  683,  2  a;  of  the  United 
States,  684,  2  a  (tables).  Ship  canals,  687, 

1  c.  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  ih.  Canadian  canals, 

2  a.  Caledonian  canal,  688, 1  a;  North  Hol¬ 
land,  1  c ;  Suez,  2  be.  Proposed  canal  uniting 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  690,  1  ab  ;  IV.  765, 
1  c  ;  XII.  421,  2  c;  XIII.  33,  1  b. 

Canal  Dover ,  village  of  Ohio,  VI.  232,  1  be. 

Canale ,  Antonio  [ka-na'-la] :  see  Canaletto. 

Canale,  Nicold,  Venetian  admiral,  III.  690. 

Canalet'to,  Antonio,  Italian  painter,  III.  690. 
His  nephew  (Bernardo  Belotto),  painter,  2  c. 

Canalic'uli ,  in  the  dentine  of  the  teeth,  XV. 
606,  1  b. 

Canal  system  of  New  York,  its  original  pro¬ 
jector,  V.  63,  1  be. 

Canandai'gua,  town  of  New  York,  III.  690. 

Cananore',  town  of  British  India,  III.  691. 

Canara  [ka-na'-ra],  district  of  British  India, 
III.  691. 

Canarese',  a  race  in  India,  IX.  215,  2  a. 

Cana' vies :  see  Canary  Islands. 

Canaris,  Constantine  [ka-na'-ris],  Greek  naval 
officer  and  statesman,  III.  691.  (Died  1877.) 

Cana'ry  Bird,  III.  691  (ill.,  692). 

Canary  Grass,  III.  692  (ill.). 

Canary  Islands,  III.  692 ;  view  in,  693. 

Canata  [ka-na'-ta],  (Iroquois  word  from  which 
Canada  is  derived),  bishop  of,  XIII.  610, 
1  c. 

Canby,  Edward  Richard  Sprigg,  American 
general,  III.  693. 

Canhy ,  naturalist,  VI.  123,  1  a  (DioN/Ea). 

Cancale  [kang-kal],  seaport  of  France,  III.  694. 

Cancelli  in  ancient  churches,  IV.  566,  2  b. 

Cancelli  of  hone,  III.  58,  2  b. 

Canceola'rius,  museum  of  at  Verona,  referred 
to,  VII.  687,  2  c. 


Cancer,  sign  of  the  zodiac,  III.  694.  Tropic 
of  Cancer,  1  b. 

Cancer,  disease,  III.  694.  Internal  cancer,  2  a. 
Cancerous  tumors,  ih.  See  Tumor,  XVI.  29, 
2  a. 

Cancer ,  crab,  V.  449,  1  a.  C.  irroratus,  2  b. 
C.  borealis,  ih.  C.  pagurus,  ih.  (ill.). 

Cancrin,  George,  count  [kan-krin'J,  Russian 
statesman,  III.  694. 

Cancro'ma  cochlea' ria  (ornithology),  II.  765, 
2  be  (ill.,  766). 

Canda,  Miss ,  monument  to  her  memory,  III. 
320,  1  b. 

Candace  [kan'-da-se],  Ethiopian  queen,  III. 
694.  Royal  title,  2  c. 

Candahar',  province  of  Afghanistan,  III.  694. 
City,  695,  2  a  (ill.). 

Candau'les:  see  Gyges. 

Candeisii  [kan-daish'],  district  of  British  India, 
III.  695. 

Candesh' :  see  Candeisii. 

Candi  :  see  Candy. 

Can'dia,  island  of  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
III.  695.  Description,  2  c.  History,  696, 
1  c.  See  CreU  (Index). — Town,  697,  1  c. 

Candiac,  Jean  Louis  Philippe  Elisabeth  Mont¬ 
calm  de  [dull  kang-de-ak],  precocious  French 
boy,  III.  697. 

Candido,  Pietro  [kan'-de-do],  (Pieter  de  Witte), 
Flemish  painter  and  sculptor,  III.  697. 

Candish,  Sir  Thomas :  see  Cavendish. 

Candle,  III.  698.  Tallow  candles,  1  b  ;  sper¬ 
maceti,  2  b;  wax,  2  c;  paraffine,  699,  1  ab. 
Candle  wicks,  1  b.  Candlestick,  in  the  Eng¬ 
lish  translation  of  the  Bible,  698,  1  a. 

Candle,  sales  by  the,  or  by  the  inch  of  candle, 
at  auction,  II.  102,  2  c ;  VII.  535,  2  a. 

Candle  clock,  Alfred  the  Great’s,  IV.  695,  2  b. 

Candlemas,  religious  festival,  III.  699. 

Candlenut,  tree,  III.  699  (ill.). 

Candlish,  Robert  Smith,  Scottish  clergyman, 
III.  699. 

Candolle,  Augustin  Pyramus  de  [duh  kang- 
diil],  French  botanist,  III.  700.  His  theory 
of  the  flower,  X.  267,  2  a.  His  botanical 
system,  III.  134,  1  c;  continued  by  Alphonse 
Louis  Pierre  Pyramus  de,  botanist,  III.  700, 
1  c,  2  a. 

Candy,  town  of  Ceylon,  III.  700. 

Cane,  plant :  see  Bamboo,  and  Sugar. 

Cane  ( arundinaria  macrosperma ),  use  of  in 
paper  making,  XIII.  48,  1  b.  See  Cane 
Brake. 

Cane,  river  of  India,  III.  700. 


156 


CANEA 


CAXNONSBURG 


Canea  [ka'-na-a],  seaport  of  Candia,  III.  701 ; 
view,  702. 

Cane  I.  della  Sc  ala  [ka'-na],  (Cangrande), 
Italian  ruler  and  warrior,  III.  700. 

Cane  Brake,  in  botany,  III.  701.  Cane  brake 
grass  (ill.),  ib. 

Canebrake ,  the ,  tract  in  Alabama,  XI.  153,  2  a. 
Caneks,  princes  of  the  Itzaes,  IX.  473,  1  be. 
Canfield ,  county  seat,  XI.  26,  1  c. 
Canga-Arguelles,  Jos6  [kang-gar-gwa'-lyace], 
Spanish  statesman,  III.  702. 

Cange,  Du:  see  Du  Cange. 

Cangrande ,  or  Can  Grande  [kan  gran'-da] : 

see  Cane  I.  della  Scala. 

Canibas,  Indian  tribe,  III.  702;  I.  19,  2  c. 
Canicatti  [ka-ne-kat'-te],  town  of  Sicily,  III. 
702. 

Canice ,  St.  [kan'-is],  cathedral  of,  Kilkenny, 
IX.  832,  1  b  (ill.). 

Canic'ula  :  see  Dog  Star. 

Can'idce  (zoology),  IV.  10,  2  b;  YI.  177,  2  b; 

VII.  358,  1  a ;  XIY.  695,  1  c,  2  c. 

Canina,  Luigi  [ka-ne'-na],  Italian  archseologist, 
III.  702.  His  restoration  of  the  Appian 
way,  I.  598,  2  be. 

Caninefates  [ka-ni-ne-fa'-teez],  German  tribe, 

II.  380,  l  a. 

Canini,  Giovanni  Angelo  [ka-ne'-ne],  Italian 
painter  and  engraver,  III.  702. 

Canino,  prince  of  :  see  Bonaparte,  Lucien, 

III.  33,  2  a;  Charles  Lucien  Jules  Laurent, 
35,  1  a. 

Canino ,  principality  of,  III.  34,  1  be. 

Ca'nis  (zoology),  VI.  177,  2  b.  C.  aquati- 
cus,  XIII.  704,  2  c  (ill.).  C.  anthus,  YI.  179, 
1  c ;  IX.  481,  2  b.  C.  aureus,  ib.  (ill.). 
C.  Australasise,  YI.  179, 1  be  (ill.).  C.  avi- 
cularis,  XIII.  638,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  borealis,  YI. 
180,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  brevipilis,  XY.  228,  2  a. 
C.  Ceylonicus,  YI.  179, 1  a.  C.  domesticus, 
YI.  180,  2  c  (ill.).  C.  extrarius,  XY.  228, 
1  a  (ill.).  C.  familiaris,  II.  736,  2  b  (ill.). 
C.  index,  XIY.  786,  1  ab  (ill.).  C.  juba- 
tus,  YI.  179,  2  a.  C.  lagopus,  180,  1  b.  C. 
laniger,  2  ab.  C.  latrans,  XVI.  696,  1  be 
(ill.).  C.  lupus,  695,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  melit83us, 
XY.  228,  2  a.  C.  molossus,  III.  425,  2  a 
(ill.).  C.  occidentalis,  XYI.  695,  2  c  (ill.). 
C.  Pacificus,  VI.  181,  2  a.  C.  Pomeranus, 
181, 1  a.  C.  primsevus,  179, 1  a;  IX.  11, 1  c. 
C.  sagax,  IX.  11,1c  (ill.) ;  VIII.  475, 1  c  (ill.). 
C.  Terraa  Kovse,  YI.  180, 2  a  (ill.).  C.  urcanus, 
XI.  266, 1  b  (ill.).  C.  terrarius,  XY.  662,  2  b 
(ill.).  C.  venaticus,  VIII.  253,  2  b  (ills.). 


Canis'ius,  Petrus,  Dutch  Jesuit,  III.  702. 
Canis  Major,  constellation,  III.  702.  C.  Mi¬ 
nor,  2  b. 

Can' ister  shot :  see  Case  Shot. 

Canitz,  Friedrich  Rudolf  Ludwig,  baron  [k&'- 
nits],  German  poet  and  diplomatist,  HI. 
702. 

Qankarachdrya  [san-ka-ra-char'-ya],  Hindoo 
philosopher,  IX.  229,  1  a. 

Canker,  ulceration  of  the  mouth,  III.  703. 
Canker  Worm,  III.  703  (ill.). 

Canna  (botany),  IX.  245,  1  c.  C.  Indica,  ib. 
(ill.).  C.  flaccida,  2  a.  C.  edulis,  2  ab ; 
XY.  317,  2  c. 

Cannabis  Indica  :  see  Hemp,  YIII.  632,  2  c. 

C.  sativa,  631,  1  a. 

Canna'cece  (botany),  IX.  245,  1  c. 

Can'n^e,  ancient  town  of  Italy,  III.  704.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  2  ab;  IY.  143,  1  b;  YIII.  443,  2  a. 
Cannel  Coal  :  see  Coal. 

Can'nelton,  town  of  Indiana,  III.  704. 
Cannes  [kan],  seaport  of  France,  III.  705. 

Chateau  of  St.  Ursula  (ill.). 

Canninefates :  see  Caninefates  (Index). 
Canning,  George,  English  statesman,  HI.  705. 
Charles  John,  viscount  and  earl,  statesman, 
706, 1  b.  Stratford :  see  Stratford  de  Red- 

CLIFFE. 

Cannon,  III.  706.  Culverin,  2  c  (ill.).  Mor¬ 
tars,  ib. ;  709,  2  ab.  Howitzer,  707, 1  c;  709, 
2  a.  Calibre,  707,  1  c.  Interior  of  cannon, 
2  a;  forms  of  the  chamber,  2  c  (ills.). 
Length  of  the  bore,  708,  1  a.  Exterior 
form,  1  c.  Pressure  on  the  bore,  ib.  (ill.). 
Rodman  gun,  2  c  (ill.).  Dahlgren  gun  (ill.), 

709,  1  b.  Paixhans’s  system,  2  a.  Colum- 
biad,  seacoast  gun,  2  b  (ill.).  Field  cannon, 
2  c.  Rifled  guns,  ib.  Parrott  rifle  gun, 

710,  1  a  (ill.).  Construction  of  rifled  cannon, 
1  b.  Processes  in  manufacturing  cannon  of 
cast  iron  or  bronze,  2  b ;  of  wrought  iron  or 
steel,  711,  2  b.  Built-up  cannon,  2  c.  Breech¬ 
loading  and  muzzle-loading  Armstrong  guns, 

712,  1  ab  (ills.).  Whitworth  gun,  1  c  (ill.). 
Blakely  gun,  2  a  (ill.).  Palliser  and  Par¬ 
sons  guns,  2  b  (ill.).  Krupp  guns,  2  c.  Gatling 
gun  and  mitrailleuse,  713,  1  a. — Hand-can¬ 
non,  XII.  100,  2  a.  Introduction  of  cannon, 
I.  745,  2  a.  See  Artillery. 

Cannon,  county,  III.  713. 

Cannon ,  in  billiards,  II.  642,  2  c. 

Cannon  metal ,  III.  314,  2  b. 

Cannonsburg,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  III. 

713. 


CANO 


CANTICUM 


157 


Cano,  Alonso  [ka'-no],  Spanish  painter,  sculp¬ 
tor,  and  architect,  III.  713. 

Cano,  Jacobo:  see  Cam,  Diogo. 

Cano,  Juan  Sebastian  del,  Spanish  navigator, 
III.  713. 

Cano'bus ,  Egyptian  god  and  city :  see  Canopus. 
Canoe  birch ,  II.  648,  1  a. 

Canon,  in  theology,  III.  713.  Canon  of  the 
Old  Testament,  2  b ;  of  the  New  Testament, 
714,  2  ab.  Objections  to  the  canon,  715,  2  a. 
Canon,  ecclesiastical  dignitary,  III.  715.  See 
Prebend. 

Canon,  in  music,  III.  715. 

Canon  [ka-nyone'J,  ravine,  III.  716. 

Caflon  City ,  county  seat,  VII.  477,  2  a. 
Cano'nes  Apostol'ici ,  III.  717,  2  b. 

Canon'ica,  Luigi  della,  Italian  architect,  III. 
716. 

Canonical  Hours,  in  religious  services,  III. 

716.  See  Breviary. 

Canonicus,  Indian  chief,  III.  716. 

Canonicut,  island,  XIV.  291,  2  a,  ab. 
Canonization,  III.  716.  Canonization  of  saints 

first  reserved  for  the  holy  see,  I.  279,  2  a. 
Canon  Law,  III.  716.  Canones  Apostolici, 

717,  2  b.  Constitutiones  Apostolicie,  2  c. 
Codex  Canonum,  718,  1  a,  2  a.  Codex  Isi- 
doriana,  1  b ;  prisca,  ib.  Dionysius  Exiguus, 
his  collection  of  canons  and  decretals,  1  be. 
Isidore  Mercator,  or  Peccator,  2  b;  Bishop 
Beveridge  on  his  work,  2  c.  Gratian’s  Con- 
cordantia  Discordantium  Canonum,  719,  1  a. 
Pope  Gregory’s  collection,  lb.  Jus  anti¬ 
quum,  and  jus  recens,  2  a.  Bullarium,  2  b. 
Concordats,  2  c.  Canon  law  in  England,  V. 
149,  1  b. 

“  Canons ,  Apostolical ,”  III.  717,  2  b. 

Canons  of  church  councils ,  V.  423,  2  b. 

Canons  of  the  Colorado ,  V.  106,  2  c.  Grand 
caflon,  107,  1  ab.  First  descent  through 
them,  2  c.  Prof.  Powell’s  descent,  108,  1  b. 
Canopus,  star,  III.  720. 

Canopus,  city  of  Egypt,  III.  720.  The  god 
Canobus,  1  be  (ill.). 

Cano'sa,  town  of  Italy,  III.  720.  Ancient 
tombs,  2  b  (ill.). 

Canossa,  town  of  Italy,  III.  720.  Penance 
exacted  of  the  emperor  Henry  IV.  at,  ib., 
and  VIII.  658,  2  b. 

Canot,  Theodore  [ka-no]T  adventurer  and  slave 
trader,  III.  720. 

Cano'va,  Antonio,  Italian  sculptor,  III.  721. 
Canovai,  Stanislao  [kd-no-vi'],  Italian  eccle¬ 
siastic  and  mathematician,  III.  722. 


Canrobert,  Francois  Certain  [kang-riih-bair], 
French  marshal,  III.  722. 

Camistadt :  see  Canstatt. 

Canson  [kang-song],  a  class  of  Provencal  versifi¬ 
cation,  XIV.  40,  1  b. 

Canstatt  [kan'-stat],  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
III.  722. 

Canstein,  Karl  Hildebrand,  Freiherr  von  [kan'- 
stine],  founder  of  the  Canstein  Bible  society, 
III.  722. 

Canstein  Bible,  allusion  to,  II.  617,  2  b. 

Canstein  Bible  institute,  II.  614,  2  b. 

Cant :  see  Slang,  XV.  85,  2  a. 

Canta'bri,  ancient  people,  II.  367,  1  a,  2  a; 
III.  723,  1  b. 

Cantabria,  district  of  ancient  Spain,  III.  723. 

Cantabrian  Mountains,  Spain,  III.  723. 

Cantacuze'nus,  or  Cantacuzene,  Grseco-Wal- 
lachian  family,  III.  723.  Serban,  waywode 
ofWallachia,  2  a.  Demetrius,  hospodar  of 
Moldavia,  2  b.  Stephen,  waywode,  2  c. 
Alexander  and  George,  Russian  military 
officers,  ib. 

Cantaouzenus,  Johannes,  Byzantine  emperor 
and  historian,  III.  723. 

Cantagal'lo,  town  of  Brazil,  III.  724. 

Cantal  [kang-tal],  department  of  France,  III. 
724.  Auvergnats,  2  ab. 

Cantarini,  Simone  [kan-ta-re'-ne],  Italian 
painter,  III.  724. 

Canteloupe,  a  melon,  XI.  372,  2  c.  Origin  of 
the  name,  ib. 

Cantemir,  Demetrius  [kan'-teh-meer],  hos¬ 
podar  of  Moldavia,  III.  724.  Antiochus,  or 
Constantine  Demetrius,  Russian  poet  and 
statesman,  2  c. 

Canterbury,  city  and  archiepiscopal  see  of 
England,  III.  725.  Canterbury  cathedral, 

1  c  (ill.);  IV.  119,  1  b.  Augustinian  mon¬ 
astery,  2  c.  First  native  English  arch¬ 
bishop,  II.  440,  2  c. 

Cant  frames,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  862,  2  c. 

Canthareilus  ciba'rius  (fungus),  XII.  72,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Cantharides  [kan-thar'-e-deez],  (entomology), 
III.  726  (ill.).  Russian,  1  c.  Medical  use 
of,  2  a.  Vinegar  of  cantharides,  II.  724,  1  c. 

Can'tharis  vesicato'ria,  Spanish  fly,  II.  477, 

2  b ;  III.  726,  1  a  (ill.).  C.  vittata,  potato 
fly,  1  ab. 

Can'thorus  grise'us  (ichthyology),  III.  240,  2  a. 

Canticles,  or  Song  of  Solomon,  III.  726.  Its 
canonicity  impugned  and  defended,  2  c. 

Canticum  Canticorum:  see  Canticles. 


158 


CANTILLON 


CAPE 


Cantillon,  Pierre  Joseph  [kang-te-yong],  French 
soldier,  III.  727. 

Canting  the  anchor ,  I.  465,  1  c. 

Canting  language ,  the  (slang),  XY.  85,  2  b. 
Cantium,  ancient  district  of  Britain,  III.  727. 
Cantii,  2  a. 

fjanton,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  b.  (See 
plate.)  Canton  sinister,  ib. 

Canton,  city  of  Ohio,  III.  727.  City  of 
Illinois,  2  a. 

Canton ,  county  seats,  IY.  377,  2  be ;  X.  820, 

1  c ;  XI Y.  540,  2  b ;  XY.  322,  1  a ;  XVI. 
264,  1  b. 

Canton,  city  of  China,  III.  727  (ill.).  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  b.  New  China  street,  728,  1  b  (ill.). 
Tankia,  1  c,  2  ab.  Boat  town,  1  c.  Flower 
boat  (ill.),  2  a.  Climate,  729,  1  a.  Foreign 
residents,  1  c.  Factories  or  hongs,  2  b.  In¬ 
dustry,  ib.  History,  730, 1  c.  Commerce,  2  b. 
Canton,  John,  English  savant,  III.  731. 
Canton  River,  China,  III.  731. 

Canton's  phosphorus,  X.  478,  2  a. 

Cants,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  862,  2  c. 

Cantu  [kan-too'J,  town  of  Italy,  III.  731. 
Cantu,  Cesare,  Italian  historian,  poet,  and 
philosopher,  III.  731. 

Canturio,  ancient  town :  see  Cantu. 

Canura  [ka-noo'-ra] :  see  Cananore. 
Canu'sium,  ancient  town :  see  Canosa. 
Canute',  king  of  Denmark  and  of  England,  III. 
731 ;  XII.  608,  2  a.  Coin  of  Canute  (ill.), 
III.  732,  1  a;  comage,  2  ab. 

Canvas-back,  duck,  III.  732  (ill.,  733).  Prin¬ 
cipal  haunts,  2  c.  Food,  733,  1  c.  Hunting 
them,  2  b.  Toling,  734, 1  a.  Nests  of,  first 
discovered,  I.  242,  1  c. 

Caoutchouc  [koo-chook'],  or  India  Rubber, 
III.  734.  Trees  producing  it,  1  c,  If  (ills.). 
Preparation  of  the  gum,  735,  2  a.  Analysis, 
736,  1  be.  History  of  its  manufacture,  1  c. 
Goodyear’s  inventions,  737,  1  b.  Method 
of  vulcanization,  2  be.  Washing  and  com¬ 
pressing  mill  (ill.),  738,  1  a.  Calender  (ill.), 

2  b.  Vulcanizing  cylinder,  739,  1  b  (ill.). 
Preparation  for  weaving  into  fabrics,  2  be. 
Table  of  manufactures  in  the  United  States, 
740;  imports,  ib.  Imports  into  Great  Brit¬ 
ain,  1  c. 

Caoutchouc,  mineral,  II.  671,  2  c. 
Caoutchoucine,  oily  substance  from  caoutchouc, 
III.  736,  1  a  and  b ;  IY.  187,  1  b. 

Cap  of  mast,  in  ships,  XIV.  864,  2  be. 

Capacity  for  heat,  VIII.  573,  2  a. 

Cape  Agulhas  :  see  Agulhas. 


Cape  Ann,  Massachusetts,  III.  740. 

Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb,  Arabia,  III.  740. 

Cape  badger,  animal,  IX.  138,  1  c. 

Cape  Blanco,  W.  Africa,  III.  740. 

Cape  Blanco,  or  Orford,  Oregon,  III.  740. 
Cape  Boeo  [bo-a'-o],  Sicily,  III.  740. 

Cape  Bojador  :  see  Bojador. 

Cape  Bon,  Tunis,  III.  741. 

Cape  Breton  [brit'-un],  island,  British  Amer¬ 
ica,  III.  741. 

Capece-Lateo,  Giuseppe  [ka-pa'-cha-la'-tro], 
Italian  prelate  and  statesman,  III.  741. 

Cape  Charles,  Virginia,  III.  742. 

Cape  City :  see  Cape  May. 

Cape  Clear,  Ireland,  III.  742. 

Cape  Coast  Castle,  town  and  fort  of  Africa, 
III.  742. 

Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts,  III.  742. 

Cape  Colony,  British  possession  in  S.  Africa, 
III.  742,  and  I.  170,  1  b.  Inhabitants,  III. 
742,  2  c.  Topography,  743,  1  b.  Coast,  2  b. 
Rivers,  2  c.  Geology,  &c.,  744,  1  ab.  Climate, 

1  b.  Flora,  1  c.  Productions,  2  ab.  Fauna, 

2  c.  Trade,  745,  1  b.  Government,  1  c. 
Religion,  2  b.  Education,  ib.  History,  2  c. 

Cape  Com'orin,  Hindostan,  III.  746  (ill.). 

Town  of  Cape  Comorin,  2  c. 

Cape  de  Oatte  [deh  gat] :  see  Cape  Gata. 

Cape  dialect :  see  Hottentots,  IX.  9,  2  a. 
Cape  Elizabeth,  Maine,  III.  746. 

Cape  Farewell,  Greenland,  III.  746. 

Cape  Fear,  North  Carolina,  III.  747.  Origin 
of  the  name,  VIII.  249,  2  c. 

Cape  Fear  River,  North  Carolina,  III.  747. 
Capefigue,  Jean  Baptiste  Honor6  Raymond 
[kap-feeg],  French  historian,  III.  747. 

Cape  Finisterre  [fin-is-tair'J,  Spain,  III.  747. 
Battles  of,  1  a. 

Cape  Florida,  coral  formation  at,  II.  72,  1  c. 
Cape  Frangais  [frang-sa] :  see  Cape  Haytien. 
Cape  Frio  [fre'-o],  Brazil,  Ill.  747. 

Cape  Gata  [ga'-ta],  Spain,  III.  747. 

Cape  Girardeau  [je-rar'-do],  county,  III.  747. 
Cape  Girardeau,  city  of  Missouri,  III.  747. 
Cape  gooseberry ,  XIII.  481,  1  b. 

Cape  Guardafui  [gwar-da-fwee'J,  E.  Africa, 
III.  747. 

Cape  gum,  VIII.  320,  2  b. 

Cape  Haitien  [Fr.  a-se-ang] :  see  Cape  Haytien. 
Cape  TIat'teras,  North  Carolina,  III.  748. 
Cape  Haytien  [ha'-te-en],  seaport  of  Hayti, 
III.  748. 

Cape  IIenlo'pen,  Delaware,  III.  748. 

Cape  Henry,  Virginia,  III.  748. 


CAPE 


CAPITULATION 


159 


Cape  Henry ,  a  former  name  of  Cape  Ilaytien, 
III.  748,  1  ab. 

Cape  Horn-,  South  America,  III.  748  (ill.). 
Cape  Island,  city :  see  Cape  May. 

Capel',  Arthur,  lord,  English  royalist,  III.  748. 

Arthur,  earl  of  Essex,  2  b. 

Capel,  Thomas  John,  English  clergyman,  III. 
748. 

Cape  La  "Hague  [la  ag],  France,  III.  749.  Bat¬ 
tle  of  Cape  La  Hogue,  1  ab. 

Cap'elin ,  fish,  XV.  57,  2  b. 

Capell',  Edward,  English  Shakespearian  com¬ 
mentator,  III.  749. 

Capel'la,  Martianus  Mineus  Felix,  ancient 
writer,  III.  749. 

Capellari ,  Bartolommeo  Alberto  [ka-pel-la'-re], 
(Pope  Gregory  XVI.),  VIII.  245,  1  be. 
Capello,  Bianca,  grand  duchess  of  Tuscany, 
III.  749. 

Cape  Lookout',  North  Carolina,  III.  749. 

Cape  Matapan',  Greece,  III.  749. 

Cape  May,  county,  III.  749. 

Cape  May,  southern  extremity  of  New  Jersey, 
III.  750.  Town  and  bathing  place,  1  a. 

Cape  Hay  Court  House,  county  seat,  III.  750, 1  a. 
Cape  Nau  [now],  S.  Italy,  III.  750. 

Cape  Noon:  see  Cape  Nun. 

Cape  North,  Norway,  III.  750. 

Cape  Nun  [noon],  Morocco,  III.  750. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  Africa,  III.  750.  First 
doubling  of  the  cape,  VII.  604,  2  ab  (Gama). 
Cape  of  Good  Hope ,  colony :  see  Cape  Colony. 
Cape  of  Storms,  VII.  604,  2  b. 

Cape  Orford :  see  Cape  Blanco,  Oregon. 
Cape  Ortegal',  Spain,  III.  750. 

Cape  Pal'mas,  Liberia,  III.  750. 

Cape  Peak:  see  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  North  America,  III. 

750. 

Caper,  condiment,  III.  750.  Shrub,  1  a  (ill.). 
Cape  Race,  Newfoundland,  III.  750. 

Cape  racer ,  bird,  VI.  153,  1  c. 

Capercail'zie  :  see  Grouse,  VIII.  270,  2  ab. 
Cape  River,  Central  America,  III.  751. 
Capernaum  [ka-per'-na-um],  town  of  Palestine, 
III.  751.  Ruins  of  synagogue  (ill.). 

Capers,  William,  American  clergyman,  III.  751. 
Caper  tree:  see  Caper,  and  Hyssop,  IX.  139, 
2  ab. 

Cape  Sable,  Nova  Scotia,  III.  751.  Florida, 
2  ab. 

Cape  San  Lucas,  peninsula  of  California,  III. 

751. 

Cape  San  Roque  [san  ro'-ka],  Brazil,  III.  751. 


Cape  Spartiven'to,  S.  Italy,  III.  751. 

Cape  St.  Vincent,  Portugal,  III.  751.  Naval 
battle,  XII.  220,  1  b  (Nelson). 

Cape  St.  Vincent ,  Viscount:  see  Napier,  Sir 
Charles,  XII.  135,  1  a. 

Capet,  Hugh  [ka-pa],  king  of  France,  III.  751. 
Capetians,  race  of  French  king^  III.  752. 
Cape  Town,  capital  of  Cape  Colony,  III.  752 
(view). 

Cape  Trafalgar  :  see  Trafalgar. 

Cape  Verd,  W.  Africa,  III.  753. 

Cape  Verd  Islands,  Portuguese  colony,  III. 
753. 

Cape  Vincent,  township  and  port  of  entry  of 
New  York,  III.  753. 

Ca'pias,  a  writ,  III.  753.  C.  ad  respondendum, 
2  ab.  C.  ad  satisfaciendum,  2  b;  VII.  26, 
2  b  and  be.  C.  in  withernam,  III.  753,  2  b. 
C.  utlagatum,  ib.  See  XII.  743,  1  ab;  XIV. 
25,  1  a. 

Capillar' ity :  see  Barometer,  II.  328,  1  a. 
Cap'illary  Action,  III.  753. 

Capillary  Vessels,  III.  753.  Capillary  plexus 
or  network,  2  c.  Movement  of  blood  in 
them,  IV.  608,  2  b.  Contraction  and  dilata¬ 
tion  of,  IX.  275,  1  be. 

Capistra'nus,  Johannes,  Italian  monk  and 
saint,  III.  754. 

Cap'ita ,  disciplinary  decrees  of  the  council  of 
Trent,  V.  423,  2  b. 

Capital ,  in  architecture :  Doric,  I.  656,  1  c ; 

Ionic,  657,  2  a ;  Corinthian,  2  c. 

Capital  Punishment,  III.  754.  Right  of  in¬ 
dividual  revenge,  2  ab.  Ancient  codes,  2  c. 
English  laws,  755,  2  b ;  American,  2  be. 
Methods  of  execution,  2  c.  Abolition  of  capi¬ 
tal  punishment  and  of  torture  urged  by  Bec- 
caria,  II.  437,  1  c  ;  influence  of  his  views,  ib. 
Capitanata  [ka-pe-ta-na'-ta],  province :  see 
Foggia.  Origin  of  the  name,  I.  608,  1  be. 
Capitol,  and  Capitoline  Hill,  in  Rome,  III. 

756.  Modern  capitol  (ill.),  ib.  Piazza  del 
Campidoglio,  2  a. 

Capitolare  library ,  of  Verona,  XVI.  322,  2  e. 
Cap'itoline  Games,  III.  757. 

Capitoline  Hill :  see  Capitol,  and  XIV.  409, 
1  ab  and  c;  410,  2  a. 

Capitoli'nus,  Julius,  Roman  historian,  III.  757. 
Capitolinus,  Hons :  see  Capitoline  Hill  { Index). 
Capitularies,  laws  of  Frankish  kings,  III, 

757.  First  collection  of,  2  c.  Capitula- 
ria  Regum  Francorum,  ib.  Charlemagne’s 
edicts,  IV.  291,  1  ab ;  XIII.  665,  2  b. 

Capitulation,  in  war,  III.  757 ;  examples  of, 


160 


CAPITULATIONS 


CARACALLA 


ib.  In  German  constitutional  history,  1  c; 
YI.  586,  1  b. 

Capitulations,  Turkish ,  relating  to  foreign  ju¬ 
risdiction,  XVI.  58,  1  c;  59,  2  b. 

Capiz  [ka-peece'J,  town  of  the  Philippines,  III. 
757. 

Capmany  y  Montpalau,  Antonio  de  [kap-ma'- 
ne  e  moant-pa-low'],  Spanish  writer,  III.  758. 

Capnio :  see  Reuchlin. 

Capno'dium ,  fungus,  YII.  582,  1  b. 

Cap'nomancy :  see  Divination,  YI.  153,  2  c. 

Capobianco  [ka-po-byan'-ko],  chief  of  the  car¬ 
bonari,  III.  771,  1  b. 

Capocci  di  Belmonte,  Erneste  [ka-pot'-che  de 
bel-mon'-ta],  Italian  astronomer,  III.  758. 

Capo  d’Isteia  [ka'-po  dis'-tre-a],  town  of  Aus¬ 
tria,  III.  758. 

Capo  d’Isteia,  or  Capodistrias,  a  Greek  noble 
family,  III.  758.  John  Anthony,  count  of, 
president  of  Greece,  2  a;  referred  to,  II.  58, 
2  b.  Yiaro,  statesman  and  jurist,  III.  758, 
2  c.  Augustine,  president,  759,  1  a. 

Capo  lazzaro  [ka'-po  lat'-sa-ro],  chief  of  the 
lazzaroni,  X.  243,  1  a. 

Ca'pon,  a  gelded  cock,  IY.  782,  1  c. 

Caponniere  [kap-un-neer' ;  Fr.  ka-puh-nyair], 
in  fortification,  YII.  332,  2  c. 

Capote',  in  Albanian  costume,  I.  244,  2  b. 

Cappado'oia,  ancient  division  of  Asia  Minor, 
III.  759.  Cappadocia  ad  Pontum  and  ad 
Taurum,  1  be. 

Cap'paris  spino'sa  (botany),  III.  750  (ill.). 

Cappe,  Newcome  [kap],  English  clergyman, 
III.  759. 

Cappel  [kap'-pel],  Switzerland,  battle  of,  XIY. 
247,  1  b.  See  Kappel  (Index). 

Cappel  [ka-pel],  French  family  of  jurists  and 
theologians,  III.  759.  Guillaume,  2  a. 
Jacques,  2  ab.  Louis  the  elder,  2  b.  Jacques, 
seigneur  du  Tilloy,  2  be.  Louis  the  young¬ 
er,  2  c  ;  his  Critica  Sacra,  ib. ;  controversy 
with  the  Buxtorfs  on  the  date  of  the  He¬ 
brew  vowel  points,  ib. 

Cappo'ni,  Gino,  marquis,  Italian  author,  III. 
759. 

Cap'ra  (zoology),  VIII.  56,  2  ab.  C.  aogagrus, 
2  c.  C.  Jemlahica,  57,  1  a.  C.  cossus  and 
C.  imberbis,  1  b.  C.  hircus,  1  be  (ill.).  C. 
ibex,  IX.  142,  2  c  (ill.,  148).  C.  jaela,  143, 
1  b.  C.  Caucasica,  ib. 

Capeaja  [ka-pra'-ya],  island  of  Italy,  III.  760. 

Capeaea,  Giovanni  Battista  [ka-pra'-ra],  Ital¬ 
ian  prelate  and  statesman,  III.  760. 

Capra' via :  see  Capeaja. 


Cap'rece :  see  Capei. 

Capre'olus  caprce'a  (zoology),  III.  385,  1  b ; 
XIY.  385,  2  a  (ill.). 

Capeeea  [ka-pra'-ra],  island  of  Italy,  III.  760. 
Capei  [ka'-pre],  island  of  Italy,  III.  760.  Cliffs 
of,  2  a  (ill.).  Town,  ib.  Wine  of,  IX.  468, 
2  be. 

Cap'eicobn,  constellation,  III.  760.  Tropic  of 
Capricorn,  761,  1  a. 

Caprimul'gidce  (ornithology),  VIII.  58,  1  a. 
Caprimul'gus  (ornithology),  VIII.  58. 1  b ;  III. 

789,  2  a.  C.  Europieus,  VIII.  58,  1  c. 

Caps,  Swedish  faction,  VIII.  339,  2  a. 
Capsicine  [kap'-se-sin],  active  principle  of  cap¬ 
sicum,  III.  761,  2  a. 

Capsicum,  genus  of  plants,  III.  761.  C.  an- 
nuum,  1  ab  (ill.).  C.  frutescens,  2  a  (ill.). 
Use  of,  2  ab. 

Capstan,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  863,  2  ab. 

Cap'sule,  in  botany,  III.  761.  Parts  of,  762, 

1  a.  Principal  kinds  of,  ib.  (ills.). 

Capsule  of  Glisson :  see  Livee,  X.  537,  1  ab. 
Captain,  military  rank,  III.  762. 

Captain  Jack,  Modoc  chief,  III.  694,  1  b 
(Canby)  ;  XI.  691,  2  a  (Modocs). 

“  Captains  of  liberty ,”  YII.  676,  2  c  (Genoa). 
Cap'tenus  (entomology),  X.  570,  2  b.  C.  fe- 
mur-rubrum,  571,  2  a.  C.  spretus,  2  b. 
Cap'ua  [Ital.  ka'-poo-a],  city  of  Italy,  III.  762. 

Remains  of  amphitheatre,  763,  1  a  (ill.). 
Capuche  [ka-push],  hood,  III.  763,  1  b. 
Capuchins  [kap-u-sheens'],  religious  congrega¬ 
tion,  III.  763,  and  II.  355,  1  ab.  In  the 
United  States,  III.  763,  2  a.  O.  Min.  Cap., 
abbreviation,  2  ab.  Referred  to,  XI.  730, 

2  be. 

Ca'put  co'li  (anatomy),  III.  539,  1  c. 

Caput  jejunii,  Ash  Wednesday,  X.  343,  2  be. 
Caput  lupinum  gerere,  a  state  of  outlawry, 
XII.  742,  2  c. 

Capyba'ea,  rodent  animal,  III.  763  (ill.); 
XIY.  382,  2  c. 

Caqueta  [ka-ka'-ta],  river  :  see  Japuea. 

Car,  railroad,  XIV.  181,  1  be.  First  passen¬ 
ger  car  (ill.),  171,  2  a.  Double  bogie,  172, 

1  c.  Compromise  cars,  173,  2  c.  Pullman 
parlor  car,  181,  2  be  (ill.).  Freight  cars, 
182,  1  b. 

Carabine  d  tige  [ka-ra-been  a  teezh],  XIY.  329, 

2  c  (ill.,  330). 

Caeabo'bo,  state  of  Venezuela,  III.  764. 
Town,  1  c. 

Car'acal,  animal  (lynx),  X.  754,  2  c. 
Caeacal'la,  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus,  Ro- 


CARACARA 


CxiRCASO 


161 


man  emperor,  III.  764;  I.  271,  1  c.  Baths 
of  Caracalla,  II.  383,  2  b  (plan). 

Caracara,  Brazilian  eagle,  VI.  350,  2  a  (ill.). 

Caracas  [ka-ra'-kass],  state  of  Venezuela,  III. 
764.  City  and  capital,  765,  1  a. 

Caraocioli,  Domenico,  marquis  [ka-rat'-cho- 
le],  Neapolitan  statesman,  III.  765.  Fran¬ 
cesco,  prince,  admiral,  2  ab ;  arrested  and  ex¬ 
ecuted,  2  b  ;  XII.  221,  1  ab. 

Carac'tacus,  king  of  the  Silures,  III.  765. 

Caradoc,  Col.,  Lord  Howden,  II.  217,  2  b. 

Carafa  de  Colobrano,  Michele  [ka-ra'-fa  da 
ko-lo-bra'-no],  Italian  composer,  III.  765. 

Caraffa ,  Giovanni  Pietro  (Pope  Paul  IV.), 
XIII.  171,  1  c. 

Ca'raites  :  see  Karaites.  Referred  to,  XIV. 
514,  2  a. 

Car'alis ,  ancient  town:  see  Cagliari,  III. 
548,  1  a. 

Carali'tis ,  II.  479,  1  ab  (Begsheher). 

Caral'lis ,  lake,  II.  479,  1  ab  (Begsheher). 

Caraman',  town  of  Asia  Minor,  III.  766. 

Caraman ,  Count  [ka-ra-mang],  prince  of  Chi- 
may,  IV.  436,  1  c. 

Carama'nia,  former  province  of  Asia  Minor, 
III.  766. 

Car'amel ,  burnt  sugar,  XV.  441,  2  a. 

Carat  [kar'-at],  imaginary  weight,  III.  766. 

Caravaggio  [ka-ra-vad'-jo],  town  of  Italy,  III. 
766. 

Caravaggio,  Michel  Angelo  Amerighi  da,  Ital¬ 
ian  painter,  III.  766.  Polidoro  Caldara  da, 
painter,  767,  1  a. 

Caravan'  and  Caravansary,  III.  767.  Cara- 
van-bashi,  1  c. 

Caravel'las,  seaport  of  Brazil,  III.  767. 

Car'away,  fruit  or  seeds  of  carum  carui,  III. 
767  (ill.,  768). 

Carbazotic  Acid  :  see  Picric  Acid. 

Carbides  [kar'-bids] :  see  Carburets. 

Car'bine ,  horseman’s  musket,  XII.  100,  2  b. 

Carbohy' drates,  aliments  of  plants,  XIII.  581, 
1  c. 

Car'bolates ,  compounds  of  carbolic  acid,  III. 
768,  2  be. 

Carbol'ic  Acid,  III.  768.  Synonymes  of,  1  ab. 
Carbolic  acid  paper,  2  c.  How  distinguished 
from  creosote,  769,  1  b.  Method  of  obtaining 
it  pure,  1  c ;  crystallized,  2  be.  As  an  antisep¬ 
tic,  I.  571,  2  be;  XII.  61, 1  be.  Production 
of  in  the  body,  I.  524,  1  be.  Amount  per¬ 
missible  in  respired  air,  XVI.  452,  2  b. 

Car'bon,  III.  769.  Forms  of,  2  c.  Volatility 
at  high  temperatures,  770,  1  c.  Its  most 
11 


valuable  qualities,  ib.  Gas  carbon,  1  a,  2  b. 
Carbon  as  a  conductor  in  galvanism,  VII. 
591,  1  c. 

Carbon,  two  counties,  III.  770. 

Carbon ,  bisulphide  of:  see  Carbon  Disulphide, 
and  XV.  454,  2  c. 

Carbonari  [kar-bo-na'-re],  secret  political  so¬ 
ciety,  III.  771.  In  Italy,  1  b.  In  France, 
2  ab. 

Carbonates,  III.  772;  IX.  411,  1  be.  Car¬ 
bonate  of  lime,  III.  772,  1  c;  X.  479,  1  c. 
Carbondale,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  III.  772. 
Carbon  dioxide ,  synonyme,  III.  775,  1  a. 
Carbon  Disulphide,  III.  772 ;  XV.  454,  2  c. 
Synonymes,  III.  772,  2  b.  Various  uses,  773, 

1  b.  Disagreeable  effect  in  illuminating 
gas,  2  a.  Carbon  monosulphide  and  sesqui- 
sulphide,  ib.  Sulpho-carbonates,  ib. 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas,  III.  773.  In  badly  ven¬ 
tilated  wells  and  mines,  1  c ;  how  removed, 
774, 1  b.  Effect  on  leaden  water  pipes,  &c., 

2  ab.  Solidified  by  Faraday  and  by  Tliilo- 
rier,  2  b.  Proportion  in  the  atmosphere, 
773,  2  c;  II.  83,  2  be ;  in  expired  air,  84,  1  c. 

Carbonic  anhydride ,  synonyme,  III.  775,  1  a. 
Carbonic  Oxide,  III.  775.  Poisonous  quality 
of,  1  c;  II.  84,  1  c. 

Carboniferous  series ,  in  geology,  VII.  697,  1  a; 
see  table,  694. 

Carbonized  iron ,  for  gun  barrels,  VII.  356,  2  c. 
Carbon  monoxide :  see  Carbonic  Oxide. 

Carbon  oil  acid :  see  Carbolic  Acid. 

Carbon  points ,  VI.  511, 1  ab  (Electric  Light). 
Carbon  prints ,  in  photography,  XIII.  472,  2  c. 
Carbon  process,  in  photography,  XIII.  471,  2  be. 
Carboy,  large  bottle  for  acids,  III.  145,  1  c. 
Car'buncle,  swelling  and  ulceration,  III.  775. 
Malignant  carbuncle,  XII.  60,  1  ab ;  XIV. 
98,  1  ab. 

Carbuncle,  precious  stone,  III.  775 ;  XIV. 
626,  2  be. 

Carbun' cular  fever,  XII.  60,  1  be. 

Carbunculus :  see  Carbuncle,  precious  stone. 
Carburet  of  sulphur,  synonyme,  III.  772,  2  b. 
Carburets,  III.  775. 

Carburetted  Hydrogen,  III.  775.  Light  car- 
buretted  hydrogen,  776,  1  a.  Olefiant  gas, 
1  be. 

Carbu'ris,  Marino,  count,  Greek  engineer,  III? 

776.  i 

Caroajente  [kar-ka-khain'-ta],  town  of  Spain, 
III.  776. 

Car'cajou,  animal,  VIII.  47,  1  a  (Glutton). 
Carca'so ,  ancient  town :  see  Carcassonne. 


162 


CARCASSONNE 


CARIBOU 


Carcassonne  [kar-kas-sun],  city  of  France,  III. 
776  (ill.). 

Carcel  lamp ,  X.  129,  2  a;  YII.  488,  2  b. 

Carchari'  adce  (ichthyology),  XIY.  827,  1  be. 

Carcha’rias  (ichthyology),  XIY.  827,  1  c.  C. 
vulgaris,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  glaucus,  2  c.  C.  ob- 
scurus,  828,  1  ab.  C.  cmruleus,  1  b.  C.  At- 
woodi,  ib. 

Car'cinoids ,  crustaceans,  YI.  663,  2  a. 

Carci'nus  mce'nas ,  crustacean,  Y.  449,  2  c. 

Car'damom,  aromatic  seeds,  III.  777.  Plants, 
ib.,  ff.  (ills.).  Referred  to,  YIII.  145,  1  a. 

Cardan,  Jerome,  Italian  scholar  and  physician, 
III.  777 ;  I.  301,  2  c.  Formula  of  Cardan,  I. 
302,  1  a.  Asserts  the  possibility  of  instruct¬ 
ing  the  deaf  and  dumb,  Y.  730,  2  a.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  YI.  439,  1  be. 

Car'denas,  city  of  Cuba,  III.  778.  The  “  Amer¬ 
ican  city,”  2  a. 

Card-end ,  in  cotton  manufacture,  Y.  413,  2  c. 

Carder  bee ,  II.  458,  1  ab. 

Car'di,  Ludovico,  Florentine  painter,  III.  778. 

Cardia ,  orifice  in  the  stomach,  I.  317,  2  c. 

Cardiac  dropsy,  YI.  266,  1  c. 

Cardiff,  town  of  Wales,  III.  778;  view,  779. 

Cardigan,  seaport  of  Wales,  III.  779.  Castle 
of  Cardigan,  1  b. 

Cardigan,  James  Thomas  Brudenell,  earl  of, 
British  general,  III.  779.  Leader  of  the 
“  death  charge  ”  at  Balaklava,  2  b,  and  II. 
231,  2  c. 

Cardiganshire,  county  of  Wales,  III.  779. 

Cardinal,  ecclesiastical  title,  III.  780.  Classes 
of  cardinals,  1  b. 

Cardinal  Bird,  III.  780  (ill.). 

Cardinal  flower,  X.  558,  2  a. 

Cardinal  grosbealc :  see  Cardinal  Bird. 

Cardinalis  Virginianus  (ornithology),  III.  780, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Cardinal  Yirtijes,  III.  781. 

Carding,  of  cotton,  Y.  413,  2  b ;  of  flax,  YII. 
265,  1  b;  of  wool,  XYI.  718,  2  c. 

Carding  machine,  invention  and  improvement 
of,  III.  781,  2  ab.  Its  operation,  Y.  413, 
2  b. 

Cardington  house,  alluded  to,  II.  449,  2  c. 

Carditis ,  heart  disease,  YIII.  562,  2  a. 

Car'dium,  mollusk,  IY.  788,  1  b.  C.  edule, 
1  c  (ill.).  C.  aculeatum,  2  a.  C.  Islandi- 
cum,  ib. 

Cardross,  town  of  Scotland,  III.  781.  Castle 
hill,  1  be. 

Cards,  in  cloth  manufacture,  III.  781.  In¬ 
vention  of  cylinder  cards  and  the  carding 


machine,  2  ab.  Whittemore’s  machine  for 
making  cards,  2  be ;  its  operation,  ib. 

Cards,  Manufacture  of,  III.  782. 

Cards,  Playing,  III.  782.  Hindoo  cards,  2  b 
(ill.).  Chinese  cards,  2  c  (ill.).  Old  Ger¬ 
man  cards,  783,  1  b  (ill.).  Origin  of  the 
marks  on  cards,  2  a.  Modern  pack,  2  be. 

Carduchi  [kar-du'-ke],  ancient  warlike  tribe, 
III.  783. 

Cardue'lis  spi'nus  (ornithology),  III.  692, 1  be. 
C.  communis,  ib. 

Car'duus  (botany),  XY.  712,  2  a. 

Cardwell,  Edward,  English  clergyman,  III. 
784.  Edward,  statesman,  1  ab. 

Careme,  Marie  Antoine  [ka-raim],  French 
cook,  III.  784. 

Cares  [kar],  his  process  of  stereotyping,  XIII. 
850,  1  c. 

Carew',  Thomas,  English  poet,  III.  784. 

Ca'rex  (botany),  XIY.  747,  1  c.  C.  umbellata 
(ill.),  2  a.  C.  striata,  748,  1  a.  C.  arenaria, 
ib.  C.  sylvatica,  ib. 

Ca'rey,  Henry,  English  poet  and  musician, 
III.  784.  Reputed  author  of  u  God  Save  the 
King,”  2  ab.  George  Saville,  dramatic  poet, 
2  b. 

Carey,  Henry  Charles,  American  political 
economist,  III.  784.  Principles  of  political 
economy,  2  be;  XIII.  675,  1  c,  ff. ;  XYI. 
201,  2  c.  On  money,  XI.  735,  2  c. 

Carey,  Mathew,  American  publisher  and  au¬ 
thor,  III.  785.  His  “  Olive  Branch,”  2  be  ; 
“  New  Olive  Branch,”  2  c.  Yiews  on  politi¬ 
cal  economy,  ib. ;  XIII.  675,  1  b. 

Carey,  William,  English  missionary  and  orien¬ 
tal  scholar,  III.  786;  XI.  641,  2  be,  646,  2  b. 

Carfax,  locality  in  Oxford,  XII.  762,  2  a. 

Carfou,  a  form  of  curfew,  Y.  582,  1  c. 

Cargill,  Donald  [kar'-ghil],  Scotch  Covenanter 
and  leader  of  the  Cameronians,  III.  786. 
Wounded  at  Both  well  Bridge,  1  c.  San¬ 
quhar  declaration,  2  a. 

Carheil,  Etienne  de  [kar- ail],  Jesuit  mission¬ 
ary  in  Canada,  III.  786. 

Ca'ria,  ancient  country  of  Asia  Minor,  III.  786. 

Cari'acus  (zoology),  Y.  758,  2  c.  C.  Yirgini- 
anus,  ib.  (ill.,  759).  C.  nemoralis,  &c.,  760, 

1  a.  C.  Richardsonii,  1  be  (ill.).  C.  Mexi- 
canus,  ib. ;  III.  385, 1  be.  C.  leucurus,  Y.  760, 

2  a.  C.  macrotis,  2  b  (ill.) ;  III.  385,  1  be. 

Caribbean  Sea,  III.  787. 

Ca'ribbee  Islands:  see  Antilles,  and  West 
Indies. 

Caribou  [kar-e-boo'j,  American  reindeer,  III. 


CARIBOUS 


CARLYLE 


163 


787  (ill.).  Woodland  caribou,  1  ab,  c,  2  c. 
Barren  ground  caribou,  1  ab,  2  c. 

Caribous ,  tribe  in  Alaska,  IX.  787,  2  c. 
Ca'ribs,  Indian  nation,  III.  788 ;  XYI.  566, 
2  c. 

Ca'rica  (botany),  III.  788.  C.  digitata  or  spi- 
nosa,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  papaya,  ib. ;  XIII.  44, 
2  c  (ill.,  45). 

Caries  [ka'-re-eez],  inflammation  of  bone,  III. 

788.  Distinguished  from  necrosis,  2  b. 
Causes  of,  and  treatment,  2  be. 

Carignan  [Fr.  ka-re-nyang] :  see  Carignano. 
Carignano  [ka-re-nya'-no],  town  of  Italy,  III. 

789. 

Carillon ,  Fort  [ka-re-lyong] :  see  Ticonderoga. 
Carillons :  see  Chimes,  IV.  437,  1  ab. 

Carina' ria,  mollusk,  XI.  722,  2  a;  XII.  531, 

1  a  (ill.,  530). 

Carini  [k&-re'-ne],  town  of  Sicily,  III.  789. 
Carin'thia,  duchy  of  Austria,  III.  789. 
Cari'ntjs,  Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  emperor, 
III.  789. 

Caripe  [k&-re'-pa],  town  of  Venezuela,  III.  789. 

Cavern  inhabited  by  birds,  2  a. 
Ca'risbrooke,  village  of  England,  HI.  789. 
Carisbrooke  castle,  2  b  (ill.).  Charles  I.  con¬ 
fined  in  it,  2  c. 

Carissimi,  Giovanni  Giacomo  [ka-ris'-se-me], 
Italian  composer,  III.  790. 

Carizmians ,  tribe  of:  see  Kharesm,  IX.  818, 

2  b. 

Carl  Benson ,  nom  de  plume,  III.  291,  2  ab. 
Carlee',  village  of  Hindostan,  III.  790.  Bud¬ 
dhist  cave  temple,  1  c  (ill.). 

Careen-,  Emilia  Schmidt  Flygare  [kar-lain'], 
Swedish  novelist,  III.  790. 

Carleton  [karl'-tun],  two  counties,  III.  790. 
Carleton,  Sir  Guy,  Lord  Dorchester,  British 
general,  III.  791. 

Carleton,  William,  Irish  novelist,  III.  791. 
Carli,  Dionigi  [kar'-le],  Italian  missionary,  III. 

791. 

Carli,  Giovanni  Rinaldo,  count,  Italian  econo¬ 
mist  and  antiquary,  III.  791. 

Carlings ,  food  for  Lent,  X.  344,  2  a. 

Carlino  [kar-le'-no],  (Carlo  Antonio  Berti- 
nazzi),  Italian  pantomimist,  III.  791. 
Carlinmlle ,  county  seat,  X.  805,  2  ab. 
Carli-Rubbi  [-roob'-be] :  see  Carli,  G.  R. 
Carlisle  [kar-lile'],  borough  of  Pennsylvania, 
III.  791.  Carlisle  sulphur  springs,  2  c. 
Carlisle,  county  seat,  XII.  429,  1  be. 

Carlisle,  city  of  England,  III.  791.  Castle, 

792,  1  a  (ill.). 


Carlisle,  Sir  Anthony,  English  surgeon  and 
physiologist,  III.  792. 

Carlisle,  Frederick  Howard,  earl  of,  English 
statesman,  III.  792.  George  William  Fred¬ 
erick  (Lord  Morpeth),  earl  of,  2  a.  Lord 
William  Howard,  earl  of,  clergyman,  2  be. 
Carlists,  adherents  of  Don  Carlos,  insurrec¬ 
tion  of,  IX.  423,  1  b;  XV.  214,  2  be  ;  216, 
2  ab,  ff. ;  VI.  740,  1  a. 

Carlos,  Don  [kar'-loce],  crown  prince  of  Spain, 
III.  792.  Pretenders  to  the  crown  of  Spain : 
Carlos  Maria  Isidor,  793,  1  a;  Carlos  Luis 
Maria  Fernando,  count  of  Montemolin,  1  c ; 
Carlos  Juan  Maria  Isidor,  2  a ;  Carlos  Maria 
Juan  Isidor,  the  present  pretender,  ib.  Don 
Alfonso,  his  brother  and  supporter,  ib.  See 
Spain,  XV.  214,  2  ab,  ff. 

Carlovingian  architecture,  I.  662,  2  a. 
Carlovingian  cycle ,  of  chivalric  romances,  IV. 
292,  1  b. 

Carlovingians,  imperial  and  royal  family, 
III.  793 ;  VII.  752,  2  b.  Carlovingian  em¬ 
perors,  III.  793,  1  b,  c ;  kings  of  Germany, 

1  c ;  of  France,  794,  1  a ;  of  Italy,  1  ab. 
Car'lovitz,  town  of  Austria,  III.  794.  Treaty 

of,  1  c;  XV.  104,  2  c. 

Carlow,  county  of  Ireland,  III.  794.  Town, 

2  ab. 

Carls'bad  [Ger.  karls'-bat],  town  of  Bohemia, 
III.  794.  Origin  of  the  name,  2  be.  Springs, 
ib.  Congress  of  the  German  powers,  2  c; 
its  decrees  against  political  unions  among 
university  students,  795,  1  a. 

Carlsbitrg  [karls'-boorg],  town  of  Transylva¬ 
nia,  III.  795. 

Carlscrona  [karls'-kroo-na],  seaport  of  Swe¬ 
den,  III.  795. 

Carlshamn  [karls'-ham],  seaport  of  Sweden, 
III.  795. 

Carlson,  Fredrik  Ferdinand,  Swedish  histo¬ 
rian,  III.  795. 

Carlsruhe  [karls'-roo-Sh],  capital  of  Baden, 
III.  795.  Mew  theatre,  2  b  (ill.). 

Carlstad  [karl'-stat],  town  of  Sweden,  III.  796. 
Carlstadt,  town  of  Croatia :  sea  Karlstadt. 
Carlstadt,  Andreas,  German  reformer,  III. 
796 ;  I.  17,  1  b.  Carlstadtians,  or  Sacra- 
mentarians,  III.  796,  2  b. 

Carl  Sunday,  in  Lent,  X.  344,  2  a. 

Carlton,  county,  III.  796. 

Carludovi'ca  palma'ta  (botany),  XV.  413,  2  c. 
Carlyle,  county  seat,  IV.  685,  2  b. 

Carlyle',  Joseph  Dacre,  English  oriental  schol¬ 
ar,  III.  796. 


164 


CARLYLE 


CARON 


Carlyle,  Thomas,  British  author,  III.  796. 
“Sartor  Resartus,”  analysis  of,  797,  2  ah. 
Change  of  style,  2  be.  Characterization, 
798,  2  a.  Prussian  order  conferred  upon 
him,  XI.  135,  2  a. 

Carmagnola  [kar-ma-nyo'-la],  town  of  Italy, 
III.  799. 

Carmagnola,  Francesco,  Italian  condottiere, 
III.  799. 

Carmagnole  [kar-ma-nyul],  French  revolu¬ 
tionary  song  and  dance,  III.  799. 
Carmarthen,  town  of  Wales,  III.  799. 
Carmarthenshire,  county  of  Wales,  III.  799. 
Carmel ,  county  seat,  XI Y.  99,  1  c. 

Carmel,  Mount,  Palestine,  III.  799. 

Carmelite  nuns ,  founder  of  the  order,  II.  586, 

1  c. 

Carmelites,  order  of  friars,  III.  799.  Female 
branch,  800,  1  b ;  in  France,  II.  586,  1  c. 
Discalced  Carmelites,  III.  800,  1  b.  Car¬ 
melites  in  the  United  States,  1  c.  Con¬ 
vents  of  Carmelite  nuns,  ib.  Scapular  of 
our  Lady  of  Mount  Carmel,  ib. ;  XIV.  663, 

2  ab.  See  Monachism,  XI.  730,  1  be. 

Car' men  Scecula're ,  I.  586,  2  a. 

Carmi ,  county  seat,  XYI.  602,  2  c. 

Carmine,  III.  800.  Carmine  lake,  2  a.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  2  ab.  Preparation  of,  2  b. 

Carmo,  ancient  town :  see  Carmona. 
Carmo'na,  city  of  Spain,  IY.  5  (ill.). 
Carmontel:  see  Carmontelle. 

Carmontelle  [kar-mong-tSl],  French  playwright 
and  artist,  IY.  5. 

Carnac,  town  of  Brittany,  IY.  6.  Celtic  or 
druidical  monument,  2  a  (ill.). 

Carnallite,  mineral,  X.  852, 1  c  ;  XIII.  757, 1  a; 
759,  2  c. 

Carnar'von,  town  of  Wales,  IY.  6.  Carnar¬ 
von  castle,  7,  1  a  (ill.,  6). 

Carnarvonshire,  county  of  Wales,  IY.  7. 
Carnassiers  [kar-nas-se-a],  Cuvier’s  zoological 
order  of,  IY.  12,  1  a. 

Carnata  [kar-na'-ta],  former  Hindoo  kingdom, 
IY.  7,  1  c. 

Carnat'ic,  province  of  British  India,  IY.  7 ; 
IX.  201,  2  a. 

Carnation  pink,  XIII.  531,  2  b  (ill.). 

Carne,  Louis  Marcein,  count  de  [duh  kar-na], 
French  author,  IY.  7.  Louis  de,  explorer,  2  b. 
Carneades  [kar-ne'-a-deez],  Greek  philoso¬ 
pher,  IY.  7.  Substance  of  his  philosophy, 
8,  1  a.  Attempted  proof  of  the  non-exist¬ 
ence  of  God,  1  b.  See  Philosophy,  XIII. 
438,  2  ab. 


Carneia  [kar-ne'-ya],  Spartan  festival,  IY.  8. 

Carnelian  [kar-ne'-lyan],  mineral,  IV.  8. 

Carnesville,  county  seat,  VII.  433,  2  b. 

Carni ,  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  1  a. 

Carnicer,  Kamon  [kar-ne-thair'J,  Spanish  com¬ 
poser,  IY.  8. 

Carnio'la,  duchy  of  Austria,  IY.  9. 

Car'nival,  festival,  IY.  9. 

Car'ni  va'le  (farewell  to  flesh),  origin  of  the 
word  carnival,  IY.  9,  1  c. 

Carniv'ora,  order  of  mammals,  IY.  10.  Geo¬ 
graphical  distribution,  12,  1  a.  Classification 
of  Cuvier,  1  ab ;  of  Agassiz,  1  b ;  of  Owen,  ib. 

Carnochan,  John  Murray  [kar'-no-kan],  Amer¬ 
ican  surgeon,  IY.  12. 

Carnot,  Lazare  Nicolas  Marguerite  [kar-no], 
French  statesman  and  tactician,  IY.  12.  His 
“Geometry  of  Position”  and  “Theory  of 
Transversals,”  VII.  702, 1  b.  Law  of  Carnot 
(Sady,  his  son,  d.  1832) :  see  Heat,  YIII.  579, 2 
ab. — LazareHippolyte,  statesman,  IY.  13, 2  b. 

Carnun'tum,  ancient  town  of  Pannonia,  IY.  14. 

Carnu'tum  Civ'itas ,  ancient  town:  see  Char¬ 
tres,  IY.  325,  1  b. 

Carob  bean ,  Y.  616,  2  b. 

Carolan,  Turlough,  Irish  bard,  IY.  14. 

Carolina:  see  North  Carolina,  and  South 
Carolina.  First  settled,  XII.  495,  2  a ;  XYI. 
151,  2  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  ib.  Constitu¬ 
tion  by  Locke,  X.  566,  2  b ;  XII.  495,  2  b. 
Divided  into  North  and  South,  XYI.  152, 1  a. 

Carolina  criminalis ,  statutes  of  Charles  V.,  Y. 
9,  2  a. 

Carolina  laurel  cherry ,  X.  209,  1  a. 

Carolina  Maria,  queen  of  Naples,  IY.  14. 

Carolina  parrot,  XIII.  125,  2  c. 

Carolina  red  bay,  tree,  X.  209,  1  ab. 

Carolina  sisters,  the:  see  Monster,  XI.  765, 
2  ab. 

Carolina  tit,  bird,  II.  676,  2  be. 

Caroline,  two  counties,  IY.  14. 

Caroline,  steamer,  destruction  of,  X.  801,  2  b. 

Caroline  Amelia  Augusta,  queen  of  England, 
IY.  14.  See  George  IY.,  VII.  709,  2  c,  710, 
1  c ;  Bergami,  II.  554. 

Caroline  Islands,  or  New  Philippines,  IY.  15. 

Caroline  Matilda,  queen  of  Denmark,  IY.  15. 

Carolingians :  see  Carlo vingians. 

Carolop’ olis,  mediaeval  town:  see  Charleville. 

Car'om,  in  billiard  playing,  II.  642,  1  b,  2  a. 
Carom  table,  641,  2  b  (ill.). 

Caron,  Franciscus,  Dutch  navigator,  IY.  15. 

Caron,  Pierre  Augustin  [ka-roU6] :  see  Beau¬ 
marchais. 


CARON 


CARRINGTON’S 


165 


Caron,  Rene  Edouard,  Canadian  jurist  and 
statesman,  IV.  16. 

Caroor',  town  of  British  India,  IV.  16. 

Carouge  [ka-roozh],  town  of  Switzerland,  IV. 
16. 

CarovIs,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [ka-ro-va'J,  German 
philosopher  and  publicist,  IV.  16. 

Carp,  fish,  IV.  16  (ill.).  Gold  fish  (golden  carp), 
17,  1  a.  Crucian  carp,  ib. 

Carpaccio,  Vittore  [kar-pat'-clio],  Venetian 
painter,  IV.  17. 

Carpadu'cus  (ornithology),  VII.  193,  1  c.  C. 
purpureus,  ib.  (ill.).  C.  Californicus  and  C. 
Cassinii,  2  b. 

Carpje'a,  ancient  dance,  IV.  17. 

Carpani,  Giuseppe  [kar-pa'-ne],  Italian  drama¬ 
tist  and  writer  on  music,  IV.  17. 

Carpathian  Mountains,  IV.  17. 

Car'pathus  :  see  Scarp anto. 

Carp  bream ,  fish,  III.  240,  2  a. 

Carpeaux,  Jean  Baptiste  [kar-po],  French 
sculptor,  IV.  18.  (Died  1875.) 

Carpel ,  in  botany,  XIII.  587,  2  a. 

Carpentaria,  Gulf  of,  Australia,  IV.  18. 

Carpenter,  Lant,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  IV.  18. 

Carpenter,  William  Benjamin,  English  physi¬ 
ologist,  IV.  18.  Description  of  the  epider¬ 
mis,  V.  191,  2  b.  Views  on  animal  magnet¬ 
ism,  I.  527, 1  he.  Sea  dredgings,  IV.  19, 1  c ; 
referred  to,  II.  78,  1  ab,  391,  1  a. 

Carpenter  bees ,  II.  458,  2  be  (ill.). 

Carpenter  moth ,  referred  to,  IV.  107,  1  ab. 

Carpenters ’  hall ,  Philadelphia,  XIII.  392,  2  a; 
XVI.  155,  2  b. 

Carpentorae'te ,  ancient  town :  see  Carpen- 

TEAS. 

Carpentras  [kar-paV-tra],  city  of  France,  IV. 
19. 

Carpet,  IV.  19.  Ancient  carpets,  2  c.  Per¬ 
sian,  20,  1  a.  Kidderminster  or  ingrain,  2  a. 
Three-ply,  2  ab;  Bigelow’s  power  loom  for, 
2  b.  Brussels,  21,  2  b.  Wilton  (moquette), 
2  c.  Imperial  Brussels,  ib.  Venetian,  22, 
1  ab.  Patent  wool  mosaic,  1  b.  Exports 
from  Great  Britain,  1  be. 

Carpi  [kar'-pe],  town  of  Modena,  Italy,  IV. 
22.  Of  Verona,  2  a. 

Carpi,  Ugo  da,  Italian  painter  and  engraver, 
IV.  22. 

Carpini,  Giovanni  di  Piano  [kar-pe'-ne],  Italian 
monk  and  traveller,  IV.  22. 

Caepino,  town  of  S.  Italy,  IV.  22. 

Carpi' nus  (botany),  VIII.  819,  1  b.  C.  Ameri¬ 


cana,  ib.  C.  betulus,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  orien¬ 
tals,  2  b. 

Carpo ,  one  of  the  Horae,  VIII.  816,  1  c. 
Carpocapsa  pomonella  (entomology),  XI.  870, 
1  be. 

Carpocras :  see  Carpocrates. 

Carpocrates  [kar-pok'-ra-teez],  Alexandrian 
theologian,  IV.  22.  Gnostic  school  of,  VIII. 
54,  1  a,  2  be;  XV.  139,  2  c. 

Carpocratians ,  sect,  VIII.  54,  1  a,  2  be ;  XV. 
139,  2  c. 

Carpoph'aga  (ornithology),  XIII.  505,  2  a.  C. 

oenea,  2  b  (ill.) ;  XII.  543,  1  c. 

Carpozy'ma  apicula'ta ,  alcoholic  ferment,  XVI. 
776,  2  b. 

Carpzov  [Ger.  karp'-tsofe],  family  of  learned 
Germans,  IV.  23. 

Carr,  Dabney,  American  patriot,  IV.  23. 
Carr,  Sir  Robert,  British  commissioner  in  New 
England,  IV.  23. 

Carr ,  Robert ,  earl  of  Somerset :  see  Ovee- 
burt,  XII.  746,  1  b. 

Carracci,  Ludovico  [kar-rat'-che],  Italian 
painter,  IV.  23.  Agostino,  2  c.  Annibale, 

24,  1  a.  Francesco,  1  c. 

Carrageen  [kar'-ra-gheen],  or  Irish  Moss,  IV. 
25 ;  I.  299,  2  b. 

Carranza,  Bartolome  de  [kar-ran'-tha],  Span¬ 
ish  prelate,  IV.  24. 

Carrara  [kar-ra'-ra],  city  of  Italy,  IV.  24. 

Academy  of  sculpture,  2  b. 

Carrara  Marble,  IV.  24.  How  Parian  differs 
from  it,  2  b.  Varieties  of,  2  c.  Analysis  of, 

25,  1  a. 

Carre,  Michel  [ka-ra],  French  dramatist,  IV.  25. 
Carrel,  Nicolas  Armand  [ka-r&l],  French  jour¬ 
nalist,  IV.  25. 

CaereNo  de  Miranda,  Juan  [kar-ra'-nyo  da 
me-ran'-da],  Spanish  painter,  IV.  25. 
Carrera,  Rafael  [kar-ra'-ra],  president  of  Gua¬ 
temala,  IV.  25  ;  I.  372,  2  a. 

Carret'to,  Francesco  Saverio,  marquis  of,  Nea¬ 
politan  minister  of  police,  IV.  26. 
Carrickfer'gus,  seaport  of  Ireland,  IV.  26. 

Carrickfergus  castle,  2  c  (ill.). 

Carrier,  Jean  Baptiste  [ka-re-a],  French  revo¬ 
lutionist,  IV.  26. 

Carrieee,  Moritz  [kS-re-air'],  German  philos¬ 
opher,  IV.  27. 

Carrier  Pigeon,  IV.  27  (ill.).  Training  of,  28, 
1  a,  c.  Use  of  during  the  siege  of  Paris,  I. 
149,  1  a. 

Carrigaline',  parish  of  Ireland,  IV.  28. 
Carrington's  observations ,  on  the  sun’s  rota- 


166 


CARRION 


CARTONAGE 


tions,  XY.  471,  2  b;  on  the  sun’s  spots, 
474,  2  a. 

Carrion  bird  (Canada  jay),  IX.  580,  1  a. 

Carrion  crow ,  XVI.  413,  2  b  (ill.). 

Carrion  flower,  XV.  113,  2  c. 

Carrizo  [kar-re'-so],  county  seat,  XVI.  800,  2  be. 

Carro,  Jean  de,  German  physician,  IV.  28. 

Carrol,  Susanna :  see  Centlivre,  IV.  204, 1  b. 

Carroll,  name  of  fourteen  counties,  IV.  28. 

Carroll,  Charles,  of  Carrollton,  American  pa¬ 
triot,  IV.  30. 

Carroll,  John,  American  prelate,  IV.  31. 

Carroll,  William ,  American  general,  duel  with 
Jesse  Benton,  IX.  488,  2  a. 

Carrollton ,  county  seats,  IV.  29,  1  c,  2  a,  2  b ; 
30,  1  b,  2  a,  2  b ;  VIII.  228,  2  b ;  XIII.  497, 
1  b. 

Carrollton,  town  of  Louisiana,  XII.  J21,  2  a; 
325,  2  c ;  328,  2  be. 

Careon,  river  of  Scotland,  IV.  31. 

Carron,  Franciscus :  see  Caron. 

Carronades,  kind  of  cannon,  XII.  185,  1  c. 
Origin  of  the  name,  IV.  31,  2  ab. 

Carron  oil,  X.  513,  2  be. 

Carrot,  plant,  IV.  31.  Cultivation  of,  2  b,  ff. 

Carroted  slcins:  see  Hat,  VIII.  510,  2  c. 

Carrousel,  Place  du  [plas  dii  kar-roo-zel],  pal¬ 
ace  court,  Paris,  XIII.  79,  2  c.  * 

Carrucci,  Jacopo  [kar-root'-che] :  see  Pontor¬ 
mo,  II. 

Carson,  Christopher  (Kit  Carson),  American 
trapper  and  soldier,  IV.  32. 

Carson  City,  capital  of  Nevada,  IV.  32. 

Carstairs,  or  Carstares,  William,  Scottish  di¬ 
vine,  IV.  32.  Charged  with  complicity  in  the 
Rye  House  plot,  and  put  to  the  torture,  2  c. 

Carstens,  Asmus  Jakob,  German  painter,  IV. 
33. 

Cartage'na  [Sp.  kar-ta-kha'-na],  seaport  of 
Spain,  IV.  33  (view). 

Cartagena,  city  of  Colombia,  IV.  33  ;  view,  34. 

Cartago  [kar-ta'-go],  city  of  Colombia,  IV.  34. 

Cartago,  town  of  Costa  Rica,  IV.  34. 

Cartaph'  ilus,  the  wandering  Jew,  XVI.  446, 
1  be. 

Carte,  Thomas,  English  scholar,  IV.  34. 

Carte,  in  fencing,  VII.  120,  2  b. 

Carter,  name  of  three  counties,  IV.  35. 

Carter,  Elizabeth,  English  authoress,  IV.  35. 

Car'teret,  county,  IV.  35. 

Carteret,  Sir  George,  proprietary  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  XII.  311,  1  a;  XVI.  151,  2  a. 

Carteret ,  John:  see  Granville,  VIII.  162,  1  c. 

Carteret,  Philip,  English  navigator,  IV.  35. 


Carteret ,  Philip ,  governor  of  New  Jersey, 
XII.  311,  1  ab. 

Cartersville,  county  seat,  II.  353,  1  b. 

Cartesian  philosophy :  see  Descartes,  VI.  37, 
2  a;  Philosophy,  441,  1  a. 

Cartesius  :  see  Descartes. 

Carthage,  ancient  city  and  state  of  Africa. 
IV.  35.  Early  history,  2  b.  Possessions,  36, 
1  c.  Trade,  2  b ;  with  Britain,  III.  294,  1  a. 
Political  constitution,  IV.  36,  2  be.  Lam 
guage,  &c.,  37,  1  ab.  Description  of  the 
city,  1  c.  Carthaginian  cistern  (ill.),  2  a. 
Religion,  2  be.  History,  38,  1  a.  Sicilian 
wars,  1  ab ;  I.  208,  1  ab ;  VIII.  412,  2  ab ; 
XI.  418,  1  be;  XV.  22,  1  c;  542,  2  be,  543, 

1  a.  Wars  in  Spain,  XV.  210,  1  be.  (See 
Hamilcar  and  Hasdrubal.)  First  Punic 
war,  IV.  38,  2  b  ;  second,  2  c  ;  third,  39,  1  b. 
Destruction  of  Carthage  :  see  Conflagra¬ 
tion,  V.  235,  1  a. 

Carthage ,  ruined  aqueduct  of,  I.  611,  2  b  (ill.). 
Great  conference  of,  VI.  208,  2  c.  Council 
at:  see  Cyprian,  V.  615,  1  be. 

Carthage,  county  seats,  VIII.  435, 1  a;  IX.  571, 

2  b;  X.  268,  la;  XI.  801,  2  a;  XIII.  38, 
2c;  XV.  115,  1  b. 

Carthagena  :  see  Cartagena. 

Carthago :  see  Carthage. 

Carthago  Nova:  see  Cartagena,  Spain. 
Cartham'ic  acid,  XIV.  516,  2  b. 

Carthamine  [kar'-tha-min] :  see  Safflower, 
XIV.  516,  2  b. 

Carthamus  (botany),  XIV.  516,  1  c.  C.  tine- 
torius,  1  b  (ill.).  Preparation  of  rouge  from 
its  leaves,  449,  1  b. 

Cartheuser,  Johann  Friedrich  [kart'-hoi-zer], 
German  physician  and  naturalist,  IV.  39. 
Carthtj'sians,  branch  of  the  Benedictines,  IV. 
39 ;  XI.  730,  1  b.  Carthusian  monk  (ill.), 
IV.  40,  1  a.  Origin  of  the  name,  39,  1  c; 
III.  360,  2  b. 

Cartier,  Sir  George  Etienne  [kar-tya],  Cana¬ 
dian  statesman,  IV.  40.  His  ministry  re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  585,  1  b. 

Cartier,  Jacques,  French  navigator,  IV.  40. 
Cartilage  (anatomy),  IV.  41.  Temporary 
cartilages,  2  c.  Permanent,  articular,  and 
membraniform,  ib.  Substance  and  cells  of 
cartilage,  42,  1  a  (ill.).  Fibro-cartilage,  2  c. 
Cartilages,  cuneiform,  or  cartilages  of  Wris- 
berg,  XVI.  738,  1  a. 

Cartisman'dua,  queen  of  the  Brigantes,  III. 
765,  2  be. 

Cartonage,  mummy  case,  XII.  38,  2  a. 


CARTONPIERRE 


CASCADES 


1G7 


Cartonpicrre  ornaments  [kar-tong-pyair] :  see 
Papier  Mach6,  XIII.  54,  1  c. 

Cartoon ',  in  fresco  painting,  VII.  482,  2  a. 

Cartoons  of  Raphael,  ib. ;  XIV.  206,  2  be. 
Cartouche,  Louis  Dominique  [kar-toosh], 
French  robber,  IV.  43. 

Cartridges ,  metallic,  I.  429,  1  c ;  paper,  first 
introduced,  747,  1  b. 

Cartwright,  Edmund,  English  clergyman  and 
inventor,  IV.  43. 

Cartwright,  John,  English  political  reformer, 
IV.  43. 

Cartwright,  Peter,  American  clergyman,  IV. 

44. 

Cartwright,  Thomas,  English  Puritan  divine, 
IV.  44. 

Ca'rum  ca'rui  (botany),  III.  767. 

Carum  petroseW num  (botany),  XIII.  129,  2  b 

(m.). 

CarIipano  [ka-roo'-pa-no],  town  of  Venezuela, 
IV.  44. 

Carus,  Karl  Gustav  [ka'-roos],  German  phy¬ 
sician  and  naturalist,  IV.  44.  His  classifica¬ 
tion  of  birds,  XII.  707,  1  c;  of  mammals, 
XI.  80,  2  c ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693,  2  ab. 
Anatomical  theory  of  the  skeleton,  XIII. 
424,  1  a;  V.  186,  1  b. 

Ca'rus,  Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  emperor, 
IV.  45. 

Carus,  Victor  Julius,  German  zoologist,  IV. 

45.  Friedrich  August,  philosopher,  1  b. 
Ernst  August,  professor  of  surgery,  ib. 

Carusbur ,  mediaeval  town :  see  Cherbourg. 
Carvajal  [kar-va-khal'j,  two  brothers,  legend 
of,  VII.  136,  1  a. 

Carvajal,  Tomas  Jos6  Gonzales,  Spanish  au¬ 
thor,  IV.  45. 

Carvalho  e  Mello  [kar-va'-lyo  a  mel'-lo] :  see 
POMBAL. 

Carver,  county,  IV.  45. 

Carver,  John,  governor  of  Plymouth  colony, 
IV.  45. 

Carver,  Jonathan,  American  traveller,  IV.  45. 
Carvin  [kar-vang],  town  of  France,  IV.  45. 
Carving  machine ,  inventor  of,  II.  108,  2  c. 
Ca'ry,  Alice,  American  author,  IV.  45.  Phoebe, 
poetess,  46,  1  b. 

Cary,  Archibald,  American  patriot  (“  Old 
Iron”),  IV.  46. 

Cary,  Henry  Francis,  English  clergyman  and 
writer,  IV.  46. 

Cary,  Lott,  one  of  the  founders  of  Liberia, 
IV.  47. 

Cary ,  Thomas  £.,  scientific  collector,  1. 177, 1  b. 


Ca'ry  a  (botany),  VIII.  715,  1  c.  C.  amara, 
2  be.  C.  porcina,  2  c.  C.  microcarpa,  716, 

1  a.  C.  tomentosa,  1  b  (ills.).  C.  alba,  2  a. 
C.  sulcata,  2  b.  C.  olivseformis,  ib. ;  XIII. 
220,  2  b  (ill.,  221).  C.  myristicseformis,  ib. 

Caryat'ic  figures ,  Egyptian,  I.  654,  2  b,  655, 

2  c. 

Caryatides  [ka-re-at'-e-deez],  in  architecture, 
IV.  47  (ill.). 

Caryophylrlusaromat'icus{ botany),  IV.  715,  2  c. 
Caryo'ta  (botany),  XIII.  18, 1  c.  C.  urens  (ill.). 
Casa,  Giovanni  della  [ka'-za],  Italian  prelate 
and  author,  IV.  47. 

Casabianca,  Louis  [ka-za-byan'-ka],  French 
naval  officer,  IV.  47. 

Casacalen'da,  town  of  S.  Italy,  IV.  47. 
Casal,  Manuel  Ayres  de  [ka-zal'],  Portuguese 
geographer,  IV.  47. 

Casalariza,  St.  Joseph  (Calasanctius),  founder 
of  the  order  of  Piarists,  XIII.  493,  2  c. 
Casale  [ka-za'-la],  city  of  Italy,  IV.  47. 
Casal-Maggiore  [ka-zal-mad-jo'-ra],  town  of 
Italy,  IV.  48. 

Casal-Pusterlengo  [-poos-tair-len'-go],  town 
of  Italy,  IV.  48. 

Casaman'za,  river  of  Senegambia,  IV .  48. 
Casamarca:  see  Cajamarca. 

Casano'va,  Giovanni  Giacomo  de  Seingalt, 
Italian  adventurer,  IV.  48. 

Casa  Otomana  [ka'-sa  o-to-ma'-na],  headquar¬ 
ters  of  Spanish  revolutionists,  IX.  438,  1  c. 
Casa  de  Pilato  [da  pe-la'-to],  a  palace  in  Se¬ 
ville,  XIV.  790,  2  b. 

Casarha  (ornithology),  XIV.  842,  2  c,  and  843, 
2  a.  C.  rutila,  ib. 

Casas,  Las :  see  Las  Casas. 

Casa  Santa  :  see  Loreto. 

Casas  Grandes  [ka'-sass  gran'-dace],  town  of 
Mexico,  IV.  49 ;  I.  393,  1  c ;  455, 1  c.  House 
at  Tewah,  Arizona  (ills.),  IV.  49,  2  b,  50,  1  a. 
Casas  de  Montezuma,  1  b.  Moquis,  1  c; 
Moqui  town  (ill.),  2  b.  Mesas,  used  as  build¬ 
ing  places,  2  c. 

Casau'bon,  Isaac  [Fr.  ka-zo-bong],  Swiss  theo¬ 
logian  and  critic,  IV.  50.  Meric,  English 
divine  and  author,  51,  1  b. 

Casbah ,  castle  of  Algiers,  I.  308,  1  a. 

Casbin  [kas-been'j,  city  of  Persia,  IV.  51. 
Casoa,  Publius  Servilius,  a  conspirator  against 
Cresar,  IV.  51. 

Cascade  de  Longchamps  [kas-kad  duh  long-shar,g], 
artificial  rockwork,  III.  154,  1  b. 

Cascade  Range,  IV.  51 ;  XIV.  378,  2  a. 
Cascades ,  county  seat,  XV.  74,  2  b. 


168 


CASCALHO 


CASSINE 


Cascalho  [kas-ka'-lyo],  deposit  of  diamonds,  VI. 
74,  1  a. 

Gascar:  see  Kashgar,  IX.  771,  1  c. 
Cascaril'la,  medicinal  bark,  IV.  51  (ill.,  52). 
Casei :  see  Latin  Language  and  Literature, 
X.  186,  2  c. 

Cascine  [ka-she'-na],  park  of  Florence,  YII. 

277,  1  ab;  XIII.  104,  2  be. 

Casco  Bay,  Maine,  IV.  52. 

Case,  in  law,  IY.  52. 

Case,  compositor’s,  XIII.  847,  1  c.  Lower  case, 
ib. ;  upper,  2  a.  Fouling  the  case,  848,  2  a. 
Case,  William,  apostle  to  the  Canadian  Indians, 
IY.  52. 

Case-Hardening,  of  iron,  IY.  52. 

Caseine  [ka'-se-in] :  see  Cheese,  and  YII.  143, 
2  be. 

Casemate ,  in  fortification,  YII.  334,  2  ab. 
Caserta  [ka-zair'-ta],  province  of  Italy,  IY.  52. 

Capital  city,  2  ab.  Caserta  Yeccbia,  2  b. 
Cases,  Count  de  Las :  see  Las  Cases. 

Case  Shot,  IY.  53.  Invention  of,  I.  786,  1  c  ; 

789,  1  b.  Shrapnel  shell,  IY.  53,  1  b. 

Case  worm :  see  Mayfly. 

Casey,  county,  IY.  53. 

Cash ,  Chinese  coin,  IY.  452, 1  a;  XII.  537, 1  b. 
Cashan  :  see  Kashan. 

Cash  book,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  81,  1  a. 
Cash'el,  town  of  Ireland,  IY.  53.  Eock  of 
Cashel,  2  ab.  Cashel  cathedral,  2  be  (ill.). 
Cashew'  Nut,  IY.  53.  Tree,  1  a  (ill.,  54); 

XIII.  591,  2  b. 

Cashikonay  ant ,  I.  541,  2  c. 

Cashmere',  kingdom  of  India,  IY.  54.  Valley 
of  Cashmere,  1  c.  Cashmerian  boatmen  (ill.), 
55,  1  a. 

Cashmere,  city :  see  Serinagur. 

Cashmere,  textile  fabric,  IY.  55.  Cashmere 
shawls,  manufacture  of,  2  a.  Markets,  2  b. 
Attempts  to  naturalize  the  Thibet  goat,  2  c. 
Cashmere  goat,  YIII.  57,  1  c.  See  Thibet  goat 
(Index). 

Cashmerians,  IY.  54,  2  c ;  IX.  213,  2  c.  Lan¬ 
guage  of,  IX.  216,  2  c,  218,  1  c. 

Casimir  [kaz'-e-mer],  name  of  several  Polish 
monarchs,  IY.  56.  Casimir  I.,  the  Peaceful, 
or  “  the  Monk,”  1  b.  Casimir  II.,  the  Just, 
1  c.  Casimir  III.,  the  Great,  ib.  The  Jewess 
Esther,  his  mistress,  57,  1  ab.  Casimir  IY., 
57,  1  b.  Casimir  Y. :  see  John  Casimir. 
Casimir- Perier  [ka-ze-meer-pair-ya] :  see  Pk- 
rier,  Auguste  Casimir  Yictor  Laurent. 
Casinensian  congregation  (of  Benedictines),  II. 
520,  2  a. 


Casing,  in  glass  making,  YIII.  22,  2  b. 

Casino,  Monte  [ka-ze'-no],  Benedictine  monas¬ 
tery,  IY.  57.  Congregation  of,  II.  520,  1  c. 

Casi'num,  ancient  town,  IY.  57,  1  c. 

Caskets,  dangerous  rocks  near  Alderney,  I.  269, 
1  a;  IY.  262,  1  a. 

Caso'ria,  town  of  Italy,  IY.  57. 

Caspari,  Carl  Paul,  [kas-pa'-re],  German  theo¬ 
logian,  IY.  57. 

Caspe  [kas'-pa],  town  of  Spain,  IY.  57. 

Caspian  gates,  pass,  YI.  494,  2  b. 

Caspian  Sea,  IY.  57.  Changes  of  its  level,  58, 
1  b.  Depth  below  the  ocean  level,  ib.  Navi¬ 
gation,  1  c.  Caspian  steamboat  navigation 
company,  2  a. 

Cass,  name  of  seven  counties,  IY.  58. 

Cass,  Lewis,  American  statesman,  IY.  59. 
Governor  of  Michigan  territory  and  Indian 
superintendent,  2  be.  Secretary  of  war,  2  c. 
Minister  to  France,  60,  1  a.  U.  S.  senator, 
ib.  Candidate  for  the  presidency,  ib.  His 
Nicholson  letter,  1  be.  Secretary  of  state, 
1  c.  Ketires  from  Buchanan’s  cabinet  on 
his  refusal  to  relieve  Fort  Sumter,  ib. 

Cassagnao  :  see  Granier  de  Cassagnao. 

Cassan'der,  king  of  Macedon,  IV.  60.  Battle 
of  Ipsus,  61,  1  c. 

Cassander,  George,  Flemish  theologian,  IY.  61. 

Cassandra,  Trojan  princess,  IY.  61. 

Cassano  [kas-sa'-no],  town  of  S.  Italy,  IY.  61. 
Town  of  N.  Italy,  2  c. 

Cassa'tion  [Fr.  kas-sa-se-ong],  court  of,  IY.  62. 

Cassa'ya,  meal  from  manihot  roots,  IY.  62 
(ill.). 

Cassel,  town  of  France,  IY.  62. 

Cassel,  city  of  Germany,  IY.  62.  Palace  of 
Wilhelmshohe,  63,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cassel,  Paulus  Stephanus  Selig,  German  cler¬ 
gyman  and  author,  IV.  63. 

Casse'na,  shrub,  XYI.  773,  1  b  (Yaupon). 

Cassia,  bark,  IY.  63.  See  Cinnamon.  Cin- 
namomum  cassia,  1  a  (ill.) ;  XIY.  768,  2  c. 
C.  acutifolia,  ib.  (ill.,  769).  C.  Marilandica, 
769,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  fistula,  IY.  63,  2  b. 

Cassian :  see  Cassianus,  Johannes. 

Cassianus,  Johannes  (Cassian),  founder  of 
monastic  institutions,  IY.  63 ;  XI.  729,  2  a. 

Cassican ,  bird,  XYI.  6,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cassicus  (ornithology),  XYI.  6,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cas'sin,  John,  American  ornithologist,  IY.  64. 
John,  commodore,  1  b.  Stephen,  commo¬ 
dore,  ib. 

Cassine,  Indian  “black  drink,”  I.  403,  1  a. 
See  Yaupon. 


CASSINI 


CASTILLA 


169 


Cassini  [kas-se'-ne],  a  family  of  Italian  and 
French  astronomers,  IV.  64.  Giovanni 
Domenico,  1  c.  His  astronomical  discov¬ 
eries,  2  a-65,  1  b.  Lenses  used  by  him,  XV. 
623,  2  c.  Mistaken  theory  of  the  form  of 
the  earth,  VI.  355,  1  b. — Jacques,  IV.  65, 

1  b.  Cesar  Frangois,  2  a.  Jacques  Domi¬ 
nique,  count  de  Thury,  2  ab.  Alexandre 
Henri  Gabriel,  botanist,  2  be. 

Cassino  [kas-se'-no],  game  at  cards,  IV.  65. 
Cassino,  Monte :  see  Casino. 

Cassiodo'kus,  Magnus  Aurelius,  Italian  states¬ 
man,  author,  and  ascetic,  IV.  66. 

Cassiopeia  [kas-se-o-pe'-ya],  constellation,  IV. 

66. 

Cassiquiare,  or  Cassiquiari  [kas-se-ke-a'-ra, 
-re],  river  of  Venezuela,  IV.  66. 

Cassis  (conchology),  IV.  66.  C.  Madagasca- 
riensis,  III.  652,  1  c.  C.  tuberosa,  ib .,  and 

2  a.  C.  cornuta,  ib.  C.  rufa,  ib.  See  Hel- 

t 

met  Shell. 

Cassiterides  [kas-se-ter'-e-deez],  islands,  IV. 
66 ;  XIV.  693,  1  a. 

Cassius  [kash'-us],  nom  de  plume,  II.  694,  2  c. 
Cassius,  Dion :  see  Dion  Cassius. 

Cassius,  Longinus  Caius,  leader  of  the  con¬ 
spiracy  against  Csesar,  IV.  66.  Cassius  Par- 
mensis,  also  a  conspirator,  67,  1  b.  Cassius 
of  Etruria,  poet,  ib. 

Cassius,  Purple  of,  IV.  67. 

Cassock,  clerical  garment,  IV.  67. 

Cassop'olis ,  county  seat,  IV.  58,  2  c. 
Cas'sowary,  bird,  IV.  67  (ill.)*  Size  and  form 
of  its  eggs,  XI.  805,  2  b. 

Cassville,  county  seat,  II.  341,  2  b. 

Cast  of  the  eye,  XV.  296,  2  ab  (Squinting). 
Casta'lia,  ancient  fountain,  IV.  67 ;  V.  785, 
2  b ;  XIII.  122,  1  c.  Nymph,  IV.  68,  1  a. 
Castalian  fountain,  or  spring:  see  Castalia 
(Index). 

Castalides  [kas-tal'-e-deez],  a  name  of  the 
muses,  IV.  67,  2  c. 

Castalio,  S6bastien  [kas-ta-lyo],  French  theo¬ 
logian,  IV.  68. 

Castalion  [k£s-ta-lyong] :  see  Castalio. 
Casta'nea  ves'ea ,  or  C.  vulgaris  (botany),  IV. 
390,  1  c  (ill.).  Castanea  nux,  fruit,  2  be. 
C.  pumila,  391,  2  b  (ill.). 

CastaNos,  Francisco  Xavier  de  [kas-ta'-nyoce], 
duke  of  Baylen,  Spanish  general,  IV.  68. 
Caste  :  see  India,  IX.  206,  2  c.  Distinctions 
of  caste  disappearing,  230,  2  be. 

Castel  a  Mare :  see  Castellamare. 

Castelar',  Emilio,  Spanish  statesman,  IV.  68. 


Castel  Branco,  city  of  Portugal,  IV.  68. 

Castel  del  Monte,  hunting  seat,  I.  486, 1  c  (An- 
dria). 

Castel-Fidardo,  town  of  Italy,  IV.  68. 

Castel-Franco,  town  of  Italy,  IV.  68. 

Castellamare  [kas-tel-la-ma'-ra],  (C.  di  Sta- 
bia),  seaport  of  S.  Italy,  IV.  68 ;  view,  69. 
Seaport  of  Sicily,  69, 1  a. 

Castellaneta  [kas-tel-la-na'-ta],  town  of  S. 
Italy,  IV.  69. 

Castel'li,  Ignaz  Friedrich,  German  dramatist, 
IV.  69. 

Castello  Branco :  see  Castel  Branco. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana  [kas-ta-lyone'  da  la 
pla'-na],  province  of  Spain,  IV.  69.  Capital 
city,  1  c. 

CasteVlum,  ancient  town :  see  Cassel,  France. 

Castelnau,  Michel  de  [kas-tel-no],  sieur  de  la 
Mauvissiere,  French  soldier  and  diplomatist, 
IV.  69. 

Castelnaudary  [kas-tel-n o-da-re],  town  of 
France,  IV.  69.  Scene  of  an  auto  da  fe, 
2  c. 

Castel  Nuovo,  Naples,  XII.  139,  1  c  (ill.). 

Castelnuovo,  fort  of,  IV.  127,  2  a  (Cattaro). 

Castelsarrasin  [-sa-ra-zang],  town  of  France, 
IV.  70. 

Castel- Vetrano  [-va-tra'-no],  town  of  Sicily, 
IV.  70. 

Casti,  Giovanni  Battista,  Italian  poet,  IV.  70. 

Cas'tigatory ,  instrument  of  punishment,  V. 
556,  2  ab. 

Castiglione  [kas-te-lyo'-na],  two  villages  of 
Italy,  IV.  70. 

Castiglione,  Baldassare,  Italian  statesman  and 
author,  IV.  70. 

Castiglione,  Carlo  Ottavio,  count,  philologist 
and  antiquary,  IV.  70. 

Castiglione,  Giovanni  Benedetto,  painter  and 
engraver,  IV.  70. 

Castiglione,  Giuseppe,  artist  and  missionary, 

IV.  70. 

Castiglione,  Prince  (Alessandro  di  Gonzaga),  a 
pretender,  VIII.  100,  1  a. 

Castile  [kas-teeT],- ancient  kingdom  of  Spain, 
IV.  70.  Union  of  Castile  and  Leon,  71,  1  a, 
and  of  Aragon  with  them,  ib.  Old  Castile, 
71,  1  a;  provinces  of,  1  b.  New  Castile, 
1  c ;  provinces  of,  ib. 

Castilian  language,  XV.  218,  1  c. 

Castilla,  Don  Ramon  [kas-te'-lya],  Peruvian 
general,  IV.  71. 

Castilla  de  Oro  (isthmus  of  Panama),  XIII.  32, 
1  b. 


170 


CASTILLEJO 


CAT 


Castillejo,  Cristoval  de  [kas-te-lya'-kho],  Span¬ 
ish  poet,  IY.  71 ;  XY.  221,  1  b. 

Castillo,  Diego  Enriquez  de  [kas-te'-lyo],  Span¬ 
ish  chronicler,  IY.  71. 

Castillo' a  elas'tica  (botany),  III.  734,  1  c;  735, 

1  ab. 

Castine  [kas-teen'J,  town  of  Maine,  IY.  72. 
Casting,  IV.  72.  Ancient  bronze  and  iron 
castings,  1  be.  Bronze  lion  from  Nineveh, 

2  b  (ill.).  Colossal  statue  at  Rhodes,  73, 
1  ab.  Statue  of  Mercury,  1  be  (ill.).  Large 
bells,  2  a.  Process  of  casting,  2  ab.  Foun- 
dery,  74,  1  a,  ff.  (ills.).  Processes  in  light 
and  heavy  castings,  75,  2  ab.  Moulding 
flask,  2  c  (ill.,  76) ;  cope,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  rammer, 
1  c  (ill.);  section  of  mould  (ill.),  77,  1  a; 
mould  for  a  column,  1  c  (ill.).  Jobson’s 
patent,  77,  2  ab.  Jackson’s  patent,  2  b. 
Green  sand  moulding,  2  c.  Loam  mould,  78, 

1  b  (ill.).  Sweep,  2  b  (ill.).  Drying  ovens 
(ill.),  79,  1  a.  Sweeping  the  cope  (ill.),  1  c. 
Packing  the  mould  of  a  steam  cylinder  (ill.), 
80,  1  a.  Furnace  for  melting  brass  (ill.), 

2  b.  Meneely’s  cases  (ill.),  81, 1  c. — Casting 
in  the  fine  arts,  ib.  Bust  covered  with  plas¬ 
ter  mould  (ill.),  82,  1  c.  Machine  for  cast¬ 
ing  a  bust  (ill.),  2  b.  Piece  mould  for  a 
statue  (ill.),  83,  2  c.  Statue  and  core  of 
mould  (ill.),  84,  1  c.  Perpendicular  section 
of  mould  (ill.),  2  b.  Old  method  still  used  in 
Italy,  85,  1  b. 

Cast  iron ,  III.  775,  2  c;  IX.  367, 1  b,  ff. ;  390,  2  a. 
Castle:  see  Foetification,  YII.  328,  2  ab. 
Castlebae',  town  of  Ireland,  IY.  85. 

Castle  Caeey,  town  of  England,  IY.  85. 
Castle  Dangerous ,  of  Scott’s  novel,  YI.  223, 1  a. 
Castle  Garden ,  XII.  387,  2  ab ;  YI.  574,  1  a. 
Castle  Ilill ,  Edinburgh,  YI.  405,  1  be ;  406,  1  c. 
Castle  island ,  near  Albany,  I.  248,  2  a. 
Castlemain',  town  of  Australia,  IY.  85. 

Castle  Nedd  [neth] :  see  Neath. 

Castle  Pinclcney,  fort  near  Charleston,  IY.  314, 
1  c. 

Castleeeagh,  Robert  Stewart  [kas-s’l-re'],  vis¬ 
count  and  marquis  of  Londonderry,  British 
statesman,  IY.  85. 

Castle  Rushen ,  Isle  of  Man,  IY.  86,  1  c. 

Castles,  feudal,  I.  663,  1  b. 

Castles  of  Europe  and  Asia ,  on  the  Bosporus, 
III.  113,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cas'tleton,  town  of  Vermont,  IY.  86. 
Castletown,  capital  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  IY.  86. 
Castor:  see  Beavee.  C.  Americanus,  YII.  539, 
1  b. 


Castoe,  secretion  of  the  beaver,  IY.  86. 
CastoWeum,  a  secretion,  II.  434,  1  b;  XIY. 
383,  1  a. 

Castor oi'des  OJiioen'sis ,  extinct  rodent,  XIY. 
382,  2  c. 

Castoe  Oil,  IY.  86.  Castor  oil  plant  (ill.),  2  b. 
Extraction  of  the  oil,  87, 1  ab.  Its  cathartic 
action,  1  c. 

Castoe  and  Pollux,  mythological  heroes,  IY. 
87  (ill.).  Their  appearance  at  the  battle  of 
Lake  Begillus,  XIY.  261,  2  b.  Electrical 
flames,  so  called,  XI.  355, 1  a.  Constellation, 
IY.  88,  1  ab :  see  Gemini. 

Castoe  Rivee,  Missouri,  IY.  88. 

Casteation,  IY.  88. 

Castra  Viniana ,  ancient  town  :  see  Baena. 
Casteen,  Matthias  Alexander  [kas-train'J,  Fin¬ 
nish  philologist,  IY.  88. 

Castees  [kastr’J,  town  of  France,  IY.  88. 
Castei  :  see  Delphi,  Y.  784,  1  c ;  785,  2  be. 
Cas'teiot,  George :  see  Scandeebeg. 
Castrio'ta ,  George:  see  Scandeebeg,  and  1. 244, 
2  c. 

Castriota,  John,  Albanian  prince,  XIY.  662,  2  c. 
Castro ,  capital  of  Lemnos,  X.  335,  2  c. 

Casteo,  Henry,  Texan  pioneer,  IY.  89. 
Casteo,  Ines  de,  Portuguese  princess,  IV.  89. 
Casteo,  Joao  de,  Portuguese  naval  hero,  IY. 

89.  Exploration  of  the  Red  sea,  2  b,  c. 
Casteo  del  Rio  [re'-o],  town  of  Spain,  IY.  89. 
Casteogiovanni  [kas-tro-jo-van'-ne],  city  of 
Sicily,  IY.  90  (view). 

Casteitccio-Casteacani  ,  [kas-troot'-cho-kas- 
tra-ka'-ne],  leader  of  the  Ghibellines,  IY.  90. 
Castrum  Ennce ,  ancient  town :  see  Casteogio- 

VANNT. 

Castrum  Novum  Arianorum ,  ancient  town,  IY. 
69,  2  c. 

Castrum  Puellarum ,  an  old  name  of  Edinburgh 
castle,  YI.  406,  1  a. . 

Castus  (botany),  II.  287,  1  b. 

Casua'rius  galea'tus  (ornithology),  IY.  67,  1  c 
(ill.).  C.  Bennetti,  XI.  805,  1  c  (ill.).  C. 
australis,  2  be. 

Cas'uists :  see  Theology,  XY.  695,  2  a. 
Casveen'  :  see  Casbin. 

Caswall,  Henry,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  IY.  90. 

Caswell,  county,  IY.  91. 

Caswell,  Richard,  American  general  and  states¬ 
man,  IY.  91. 

Cat,  general  name  for  feline  animals,  IY.  91. 
Domestic  cat,  2  c  (ill.,  92).  Principal  vari¬ 
eties,  92,  2  a.  Manx  cat,  ib.  (ill.).  Wild 


CAT 


CATFISH 


171 


t 


cat,  2  b  (ill.).  East  Indian  species,  93,  1  a. 
Fur  of,  VII.  539,  2  ab. 

Cat,  Christopher  ( Kit ),  X.  19,  2  b. 

Catacle'sia ,  Athenian  assembly,  VI.  385,  2  b. 

Cataclysms, ,  in  geology,  VII.  695,  1  b. 

Catacombs,  IV.  93.  Of  Thebes,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Of  Rome,  94,  1  a  (ill.) ;  works  written  upon 
them,  2  c.  Of  Naples,  95,  2  a.  Of  Syracuse 
and  of  Malta,  2  b.  Of  Paris,  2  c  (ill.).  Church 
of  the  catacombs  at  Thebes,  referred  to,  V. 
332,  1  a. 

Catahoula  [kat-a-hoo'-la],  parish  of  Louisiana, 
IV.  96. 

Catalan  forge ,  or  bloomary,  II.  741,  2  c.  A 
forge  falsely  so  called,  742,  2  b. 

Catalani,  Angelica  [ka-ta-la'-ne],  Italian  sing¬ 
er,  IV.  96. 

Catalan  language ,  XV.  218,  2  a ;  literature, 
223,  1  b.  See  XIV.  39,  2  c. 

Catalepsy,  IV.  96.  Causes  and  treatment  of, 
97,  1  c. 

Catallac' tics :  see  Political  Economy,  XIII. 
664,  1  a. 

Catalogues ,  bibliographical,  II.  619,  if. 

Catalonia,  division  of  Spain,  IV.  97. 

Catalpa,  genus  of  trees,  IV.  98.  C.  syringi- 
folia,  2  b  (ill.). 

Catal'ysis,  in  chemistry,  IV.  99  ;  I.  571,  1  b  ; 
XVI.  843,  2  a. 

Catamaran' ,  fire  ship,  VII.  607,  1  b.  Float  or 
raft,  X.  832,  2  a. 

Catamaeca,  province  of  the  Argentine  Repub¬ 
lic,  IV.  99.  Capital  city,  2  ab. 

Catamenia,  IV.  99.  Vicarious,  100,  1  a. 

Catamount :  see  Couguae. 

Cata'na ,  ancient  city,  IV.  100,  2  a,  be. 

Cata'nia  [Ital.  ka-ta'-ne-a],  province  of  Sicily, 
IV.  100.  Capital  city,  2  a.  Roman  remains, 
ib.  Square  of  the  Elephant  (ill.). 

Catanzaeo  [ka-tan-dza'-ro],  province  of  Italy, 
IV.  100.  Capital  city,  101,  1  a. 

Catapan ',  a  viceroy,  I.  608,  1  b. 

Cataph'agus  linea'tus  (entomology),  XVI.  678, 
2  a. 

Cataph' ryges ,  a  sect:  see  Montanists,  XI.  775, 

1  b. 

Cataplasm,  poultice,  IV.  101. 

Catapult,  military  engine,  IV.  101  (ill.). 

Catapulta:  see  Catapult,  and  II.  245,  1  c. 

Cataeact,  disease  of  the  eye,  IV.  101.  Va¬ 
rieties  of;  2  be.  Operations  for  it :  depres¬ 
sion  of  the  lens,  or  couching,  102, 1  c ;  break¬ 
ing  up  the  lens,  2  be ;  extraction,  2  c. 

Cataract ,  in  steam  engines,  XV.  342,  2  be. 


Cataeeii,  disease,  IV.  103.  Of  the  bladder, 
2  a;  II.  687,  1  b. 

Catarrhac' tes  (ornithology),  XIII.  249, 1  b.  C. 
chrysocome,  2  a  (ill.). 

Catarrhal  fevers ,  IV.  103,  2  a.  Catarrhal  oph¬ 
thalmia,  2  ab. 

Catarrhus  cestivus ,  VIII.  537,  2  b  (Hay  Cold). 

Catasauqua,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  IV. 

103. 

Catawba,  county,  IV.  103. 

Catawba,  river,  IV.  104. 

Catawba  grape ,  I.  417,  1  c,  ff. 

Catawbas,  Indian  tribe,  IV.  104. 

Catawba  Wine  :  see  Ameeican  Wines,  I.  417, 
1  c. 

Catbied,  IV.  104  (ill.). 

Catbrier ,  XV.  113,  1  be. 

Catch  pool,  in  sewerage,  XIV.  797,  1  a. 

Catch  weight ,  in  the  prize  ring,  XIV.  75,  2  b. 

Catch  worlc,  in  irrigation,  IX.  415,  2  c. 

Cateau,  Le  [luh  ka-to],  town  of  France,  IV. 

104.  Treaties  of,  2  c. 

Cateau- Cambresis  [-kan°-bra-se] :  see  Cateau, 
Le.  Peace  of,  VII.  382,  2  a. 

Cateoiiism  [kat'-e-kizm],  IV.  105.  Catechis- 
mus  Romanus,  1  b.  Catechism  of  the  Greek 
church,  1  c ;  of  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed 
churches,  ib. ;  of  the  Socinians,  ib. ;  of  the 
English  church,  ib. ;  of  the  Westminster  as¬ 
sembly,  ib.  Larger  catechism,  XVI.  568, 
1  c;  shorter,  ib.,  and  2  b. 

Catechu  [kat'-e-ku],  extract,  IV.  105.  Acacia 
catechu,  2  a  (ill.).  Catechuic  acid,  2  c. 

Catechu  palm,  XIII.  17,  2  a. 

Categorical  imperative,  Kant’s,  IX.  762,  2  b. 

Categories,  invented  by  Aristotle,  I.  706,  2  b. 
Kant’s,  IX.  761,  1  b. 

Catel,  Franz  [ka-tel'J,  German  artist,  IV.  105. 

Caterans,  Scottish  robbers,  IX.  772,  2  a. 

Cateepillae,  IV.  106  (ills.).  General  descrip¬ 
tion,  1  b.  False  caterpillars,  2  b.  Voracity, 
107,  1  a.  Rapid  increase  in  size  and  weight, 
ib.  Food,  1  b.  Habitations,  2  a.  Proces¬ 
sionary  caterpillars,  2  c  (ill.).  Changes,  108, 
1  b.  Their  ravages,  1  c. 

Cateepillae  Fungus,  IV.  108. 

Catesby,  Mark,  English  artist  and  naturalist, 
IV.  109. 

Catesby ,  Robert,  originator  of  the  gunpowder 
plot,  VII.  99,  2  c. 

Catfish,  IV.  109.  Common  catfish,  or  horned 
pout,  2  a  (ill.).  Great  lake  catfish,  2  c. 
Other  kinds,  ib.,  and  110,  1  a.  Blind  catfish, 
II.  722,  2  be. 


172 


CATGUT 


CATO 


Catgut,  IV.  110.  Milanese  or  Roman  strings, 

1  b. 

Cathari :  see  Catharists.  Referred  to,  XIII. 
178,  1  a. 

Cathari  leaders ,  referred  to,  II.  574,  1  c. 
Catharine  I.  [kath'-a-rin],  empress  of  Russia, 
IV.  110.  Mistress  of  Peter  the  Great,  2  ab. 
Acknowledged  as  his  wife,  2  be ;  as  his  suc¬ 
cessor,  111,  1  a. 

Catharine  II.,  empress  of  Russia,  IV.  111. 
Wife  of  Peter  III.,  1  b.  Her  amours,  1  be. 
Murder  of  Peter,  2  b.  Catharine  crowned 
empress,  ib.  Political  activity,  112,  1  a. 
First  division  of  Poland,  ib. ;  second  and 
third,  2  be.  Scheme  for  dismembering  Tur¬ 
key,  1  be ;  war  against  it,  2  a.  French  revo¬ 
lution,  2  b.  Her  character,  113,  1  a.  Her 
efforts  to  raise  the  condition  of  women  in 
Russia,  XIV.  486,  1  c.  Influence  on  the 
Russian  language  and  literature,  497,  1  b. 
Catharine ,  second  wife  of  King  Jerome  Bona¬ 
parte,  III.  27,  1  c ;  28,  1  a. 

Catharine ,  lake,  Louisiana,  XII.  321,  2  c. 
Catharine ,  Saint :  see  Catharine  FiEscm 
Adorno,  and  Catharine  of  Siena.  Of 
Sweden,  III.  287,  2  b. 

Catharine  of  Aragon  :  see  Henry  VIII. 
Catharine  archipelago,  I.  274,  2  c. 

Catharine  of  Braganza,  queen  of  England, 
IV.  113 ;  282,  1  c. 

Catharine  Fieschi  Adorno,  Saint,  IV.  113. 
Catharine  of  France,  or  of  Valois,  queen  of 
England,  IV.  113.  Secret  marriage  with 
Owen  Tudor,  2  c. 

Catharine  de’  Medici  [Ital.  da  ma'-de-che], 
queen  of  France,  IV.  114.  Massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew’s,  2  ab ;  II.  348,  1  ab  and  b ; 
349,  1  ab ;  V.  55,  1  c.  Her  fondness  for 
tobacco  referred  to,  XV.  780,  2  c. 
Catharine  Parr,  queen  of  England,  IV.  114. 
Catharine  Paulovna,  queen  of  Wurtemberg, 
IV.  115. 

Catharine  of  Siena,  Saint,  IV.  115. 
Catharis'ta  atra'ta  (ornithology),  XVI.  413, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Catharists,  mediaeval  heretics,  IV.  115;  I. 
243,  2  b;  253,  1  a.  See  Dominic,  VI.  199, 
2  b,  ff.  Referred  to,  VIII.  55,  1  a. 
Cathar'tesau'ra  (ornithology), XVI.  62,  2  c  (ill.). 

C.(pseudogryphus)  Californianus,  III.  606, 2  b. 
Cathartics  (medicine),  IV.  116. 

Cathartidce  (ornithology),  XVI.  412,  1  c. 
Cath'cart,  William  Schaw,  earl,  English  gen¬ 
eral  and  diplomatist,  IV.  117. 


C athe'dral,  IV.  1 1 7.  Cathedrals  in  continen¬ 
tal  Europe,  2  ab ;  in  England,  119,  1  b;  in 
America,  2  b. 

Catherine au,  Jacques  [ka-thh-le-no],  general¬ 
issimo  of  the  Vendeans,  IV.  120.  Jacques, 
his  son,  1  be. 

Catherwood ,  Frederick,  artist,  XV.  374, 1  c. 
Cathlamet  [kath-la'-met],  county  seat,  XVI. 
420,  1  b. 

Cath'ode  of  a  battery ,  in  galvanism,  VII.  84, 
1  c;  597,  2  a. 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church:  see  Irving,  Ed¬ 
ward,  IX.  418,  2  c. 

Catholic  association,  in  Ireland,  IX.  359,  2  a. 
Catholic  Church  :  see  Roman  Catholic 
Church. 

Catholic  colony,  in  Pennsylvania,  VII.  582,  2  be. 
Catholic  emancipation,  in  Ireland,  VI.  617,  1  c ; 
IX.  359,  1  c;  X.  155,  1  b;  XII.  575,  1  a; 
XIII.  224,  2  c. 

Catholicon ,  printed  1460,  II.  235,  2  b. 
Catili'na:  see  Catiline. 

Cat'iline,  Lucius  Sergius,  Roman  conspirator, 
IV.  120. 

Catinat  de  la  Fauconnerie,  Xicolas  de  [ka- 
te-na  duh  la  fo-kun-re],  French  general,  IV. 
121. 

Catineau-Laroche,  Pierre  Marie  S6bastien 
[ka-te-no-la-rush],  French  lexicographer,  IV. 
121. 

Ca’tion,  in  chemistry,  VII.  84,  1  c ;  597,  2  ab. 
Cat  Island:  see  San  Salvador,  XIV.  611,  2  a. 
Catirolcus,  Gallic  chief,  I.  383,  1  c  (bis). 

Catkin,  or  ament,  XIII.  584,  2  c.  Of  the  alder 
(ill.),  I.  268,  2  a;  beech,  II.  459,  2  be  (ill., 
460) ;  birch,  II.  647,  1  a  (ill.) ;  chestnut,  IV. 
390,  2  a  (ill.);  hazel,  VIII.  554,  1  b  (ill.); 
hornbeam,  819,  1  b,  820, 1  a  (ills.) ;  larch,  X. 
168,  2  c  (ill.) ;  oak,  XII.  551,  1  c  (ill.,  552) ; 
pine,  XIII.  522,  2  c  (ill.);  poplar,  711,  1  c, 
712,  1  a  (ills.) ;  willow,  XVI.  645,  1  c  (ill.). 
Catlettsburg,  county  seat,  III.  171,  2  a. 

Catlin,  George,  American  artist,  IV.  121. 
Catmandoo  :  see  Katmandu. 

Catmint:  see  Catnip. 

Cat  monkey :  see  Flying  Lemur. 

Catnip,  herb,  IV.  121  (ill.,  122). 

Cato,  Roman  surname,  IV.  122.  Marcus  Por¬ 
cius,  Censorius,  statesman  and  patriot,  1  c. 
His  hatred  of  Carthage,  123,  1  be.  His 
writings,  X.  193,  1  b.  His  character,  1  c. 
His  views  on  farming,  I.  201,  1  ab. — Marcus 
Porcius,  Uticensis,  statesman,  philosopher, 
I  and  general,  IV.  123,  2  b. 


CATOBLEPAS 


CAUSSIN 


173 


Catoblepas  (zoolog)7),  Till.  55,  1  b.  C.  gnu, 
2  be  (ill.).  0.  gorgon,  or  taurina,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cat'odon  (zoology),  XVI.  581,  1  b  (Whale). 
Catodon’ tides  (zoology),  XYI.  581,  1  a. 
Catoo'sa,  county,  IV.  125. 

Catoptric  method ,  in  lighthouses,  X.  455,  2  a. 
Catoptrics :  see  Optics,  XII.  654,  1  c. 

Catos' tomus  (ichthyology),  XY.  436,  2  b  (Suck¬ 
er).  0.  Bostoniensis,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cato  street  conspiracy ,  referred  to,  I.  129,  1  a ; 
YII.  710,  1  be. 

Ca'tron,  John,  American  jurist,  IY.  125. 

Cats,  Jakob,  Dutch  statesman  and  poet,  IY. 
125. 

Cat’s  Eye,  variety  of  quartz,  IY.  125. 
Catskill,  village  of  New  York,  IY.  125. 
Catskill  Mountains,  New  York,  IY.  125. 
Catskill  period ,  in  geology,  YI.  58,  1  c. 
Cafs-tail  (timothy  grass),  XY.  757,  2  c. 

Catsup  (sauce),  origin  of  the  name,  XY.  203, 
1  a.  Mushroom  catsup,  XII.  1  c. 

Cat-tail  (bulrush),  XYI.  97,  1  a  (ill.). 
Cattarau'gus,  county,  IY.  126. 

Cattaro  [kat'-ta-ro],  town  of  Dalmatia,  IY. 

127.  Gulf  of,  2  a. 

Qat'tegat,  strait,  IY.  127. 

Cattermole,  George,  English  artist,  IY.  127. 
Catterskill ,  “clove”  or  gorge  of,  IY.  126,  1  b. 

Catterskill  falls,  1  c  (ill.). 

Catti,  ancient  German  people,  IY.  127. 
Cattle,  IY.  128.  Wild  cattle  of  the  British 
isles,  2  a.  Cattle  of  continental  Europe,  2  c ; 
of  England,  129,  1  c;  of  America,  2  c;  of 
the  United  States,  130,  1  c.  Cattle  diseases, 
131,1c.  See  Murrain.  Illustrations:  Al¬ 
derney  bull,  129  ;  long-horned  Brazilian  ox, 
130;  short-horn  Durham  bull,  ib. ;  Dolly 
Ayrshire  cow,  131 ;  Kerry  bull,  ib. 

Cattle  plague ,  Russian ,  XII.  57,  1  be. 

Catty  war',  peninsula  of  India,  IY.  131. 
Catul'la ,  a  Christian  woman,  her  act  of  piety 
to  the  dead  in  the  persecution  by  Aurelian, 
YI.  9,  2  a. 

Catullus,  Caius  Yalerius,  Roman  poet,  IY.  131. 
Cat'ulus,  Roman  family,  IY.  132.  Caius  Lu- 
tatius,  consul  and  general,  1  b.  Quintus  Lu- 
tatius,  ib.  Quintus  Lutatius,  his  son,  2  a. 
Caturze,  Jean  [ka-turz],  French  martyr,  IY. 
132. 

Catyeuchlana ,  Roman  district  in  Britain,  II. 
449,  2  b. 

Cauca  [kow'-ka],  river  of  South  America,  IY. 
132. 

Cauoa,  state  of  Colombia,  IY.  132. 


Cauoa'sia:  see  Caucasus,  IY.  133,  1  a. 
Caucasian  Race:  see  Ethnology,  VI.  753, 
2  c ;  754,  1  a,  ff. 

Caucas'ses ,  districts  in  Ireland,  IX.  351,  1  c. 
Cau'casus,  region  and  mountain  range  of  Eu¬ 
rope  and  Asia,  IY.  133.  Caucasia,  1  a.  The 
mountains,  1  b.  Climate  and  productions, 
2  a.  Inhabitants,  2  c.  History,  134,  1  a. 
Caucasus,  Indian:  see  Hindoo-Koosh,  YIII. 
737,  2  c. 

Cauchon,  Joseph  [ko-shong],  Canadian  states¬ 
man,  IY.  134. 

Cauchon ,  Pierre ,  bishop  of  Beauvais,  II.  433, 
1  b.  See  Joan  of  Arc,  IX.  642,  1  b. 
CAuenv,  Augustin  Louis  [ko-she],  French 
mathematician,  IY.  134. 

Caucus,  in  American  politics,  IY.  135.  Cau¬ 
cus  club  of  Boston,  1  a.  Origin  of  the  word, 

1  c  (see  I.  107,  2  c).  Nominating  caucuses, 

2  a ;  congressional  and  legislative,  2  b. 
Caucus  club ,  a  Boston  political  organization,  I. 

107,  2  b;  IY.  135,  1  a. 

Caudate  cells  of  the  brain ,  III.  187,  1  be. 
Caudebeo  [kode-bek],  town  of  France,  IY. 
136  (ill.). 

Caudi'nce  Fau'ces :  see  Caudine  Forks. 
Cau'dine  Forks,  mountain  passes  in  ancient 
Samnium,  IY.  136.  Capture  of  a  Roman 
army,  2  a. 

Caul,  a  membrane,  IY.  136. 

Caulaincourt,  Arm  and  Augustin  Louis  de 
[ko-lang-koor],  duke  of  Yicenza,  French  gen¬ 
eral  and  diplomatist,  IY.  137. 

Cauliac ,  Gui  de :  see  Chauliac. 

Caulier,  Madeleine  [ko-lya],  French  peasant 
heroine,  IY.  137. 

Cau'liflower,  plant,  IY.  137  (ill.). 
Caulophyl'lum  thalictroi'des  (botany),  Y.  23, 1  a. 
Caulx ,  Salomon  de :  see  Caus. 

Caumont,  Aldrick  Isidore  Ferdinand  [ko-mong], 
French  jurist  and  author,  IY.  138. 

Caura  [kow'-ra],  river  of  Venezuela,  IY.  138. 
Caursins  [kore-sang] :  see  Cahorsins  (Index). 
Caus,  Salomon  de  [duh  ko],  French  engineer, 
IV.  138.  His  plan  for  raising  water  by 
steam,  1  b;  XV.  339,  1  c.  Isaac  de,  en¬ 
gineer  and  architect,  IV.  138,  1  c. 

Causality :  see  Causation  (Index). 

Causation ,  doctrine  of:  see  Leibnitz,  X.  324, 
2  ab-325,  1  c;  Spinoza,  XY.  273,  1  be; 
Hume,  IX.  48,  2  b.  See  Philosophy,  XIII, 
441,  2  b,  and  445,  2  b;  441, 1  b,  c;  442,  1  a; 
443,  1  c;  444,  1  c. 

Caussin  de  Perceval,  Jean  Jacques  Antoine 


174 


CAUSTIC 


CAXIAS 


[ko-sang  duh  pair- sub- viil],  French  orientalist, 
IY.  138.  Armand  Pierre,  orientalist,  2  a. 
Caustic,  line  in  optics,  XII.  656,  2  a. 

Causticity  of  the  calcareous  earths  discovered, 
II.  674,  2  be. 

Caustics,  in  medicine,  IY.  138. 

Caustics ,  Tsehirnhausen’s,  in  geometry,  YII. 
701,  2  c. 

Cauterets  [ko-tra],  watering  place  of  France, 
IY.  138. 

Cautionary  town:  see  Flushing,  YII.  292,  2  b. 
Caution  money,  in  Cambridge  university,  III. 
644,  2  b. 

Cautley,  Sir  Proby  Thomas,  English  engineer 
and  palaeontologist,  IY.  138. 

Cauvery,  river:  see  Cavery. 

Cauvet,  Gilles  Paul  [ko-va],  French  sculptor 
and  architect,  IY.  139. 

Cava  [ka'-va],  city  of  Italy,  IY.  139.  La  Trini- 
ta  di  Cava,  monastery,  1  b. 

Cavaignac,  Jean  Baptiste  [ka-va-nvak],  French 
revolutionist,  I Y.  139.  £l6onore  Louis  Gode- 
froy,  journalist,  2  a.  Louis  Eugene,  general 
and  patriot,  2  ab. 

Cavaillon  [ka-va-yong],  town  of  France,  IY. 
140. 

Cavalcan'ti,  Guido,  Italian  philosopher  and 
poet,  IY.  140. 

Cavalier,  Jean  [ka-va-lya],  leader  of  the  Ca- 
misards  in  France,  IY.  140;  III.  657,  2  b. 
Cavalieri,  Bonaventura  [ka-va-le-a'-re],  Ital¬ 
ian  mathematician,  IY.  140. 

Cavalieri,  Emilio  del,  poet,  XII.  89,  2  h  (twice). 
Caval'li,  Pietro  Francesco,  Italian  composer, 
IY.  140. 

Cavallini,  Pietro  [ka-val-le'-ne],  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  IY.  140. 

Caval'lo,  Tiberio,  English  electrician,  IY.  140. 
Cav'alry,  IY.  141.  Ancient,  1  b;  Macedo¬ 
nian,  2  b  ;  Carthaginian,  142,  1  c ;  later  Ro¬ 
man,  143,  2  a.  Mediaeval,  2  b.  Dragoons, 

144,  2  b.  Dutch  cavalry,  2  c ;  Swedish,  &c., 

145,  1  a;  Frederick  the  Great’s,  2  a;  Na¬ 
poleon’s,  146,  1  a.  In  the  United  States 
civil  war,  147,  1  a.  Present  organization 
and  tactics,  148,  2  b.  Cavalry  in  battle,  150, 

1  b  ;  acting  against  infantry,  152,  2  a.  Gen¬ 
eral  tactics  of  cavalry,  153,  1  a. 

Cav'an,  county  of  Ireland,  IY.  153.  Town, 

2  b. 

Cave,  Edward,  English  printer  and  bookseller, 
IY.  153. 

Cave,  William,  English  scholar  and  divine, 
IY.  154. 


Ca'veat,  in  law,  IY.  154.  In  patent  law,  XIII. 
161,  1  c. 

Caveat  emptor ,  rule  of,  in  law,  YII.  444,  2  a ; 
XVI.  458,  1  c. 

Caveau  [ka-vo],  Parisian  association,  IY.  154. 

The  Caveau  moderne,  1  be. 

Cavedone,  Jacopo  or  Giacomo  [ka-va-do'-na], 
Italian  painter,  IY.  154. 

Cavedoni,  Celestino,  Italian  archaeologist  and 
numismatist,  IY.  154. 

Cave  dicellers  (Bohemian  Brethren),  II.  787, 1  a. 
Cave  fishes :  see  Fishes ,  blind  (Index). 
Cavelier,  Pierre  Jules  [ka-vuh-lya],  French 
sculptor,  IY.  154. 

Cav'endish,  Henry,  English  physicist,  IY.  154. 
Experiments  on  gases,  361,  2  a,  b,  c;  for  de¬ 
termining  the  earth’s  density,  YI.  357,  2  c, 
358,  1  b  (the  Cavendish  experiment). 
Cavendish,  Sir  Thomas,  English  adventurer, 
IY.  155. 

Cavendish  square,  London,  X.  596,  1  c. 

Cave  period  (archaeology),  I.  642,  2  b. 

Cav'ery,  river  of  India,  IY.  155. 

Cave  temples :  see  Carlee,  Dambool,  Ele¬ 
phant  a,  and  Ellora. 

Cavia  (zoology),  IY.  157,  2  a.  C.  aperea, 
VIII.  313,  2  b.  C.  cobaya,  314,  1  a  (ill.). 
Caviana  [ka-ve-a'-na],  island  of  Brazil,  IY.  155. 
Caviare  [kav-e-air'J,  food  from  fisli  roes,  IY. 
155. 

Cavi'ina  (zoology),  IY.  156,  2  b. 

Cavit£  [ka-ve-ta'J,  province  of  Luzon,  IY.  155. 
Town,  2  a. 

Cavour,  Camillo  Benso,  count  [ka-voor'J, 
Italian  statesman,  IY.  155.  Treaty  of  Vil- 
lafranca,  156,  1  c. 

Ca'vum  ce'dium,  in  Roman  architecture,  II. 
90,  1  a. 

Cavy,  rodent  mammal,  IY.  156.  Patagonian 
cavy,  157,  1  b  (ill.).  Rock  cavy,  157,  2  be 
(ill.).  Spix’s  cavy,  2  c.  Bolivian  cavy,  ib. 
Southern  cavy,  158,  1  a.  Fossil  cavies,  1  ab. 
Restless  cavy,  VIII.  313,  2  b  (Guinea  Pig). 
Cawdor,  parish  of  Scotland,  IY.  158.  Cawdor 
castle  and  Macbeth,  1  b,  and  XII.  126,  1  c. 
Cawnpore',  district  of  British  India,  IY.  158. 
Town,  1  be.  Siege  and  massacre  of  1857, 
2  a-c.  Memorial  building,  2  c  (ill.). 
Cawsand  Beacon  hill ,  Dartmoor,  Y.  693,  2  a. 
Caxamarca  [ka-kha-mar'-ka] :  see  Cajamarca. 
Caxatambo  [ka-kha-tam'-bo] :  see  Cajatambo. 
Caxias  [ka-she'-as],  town  of  Brazil,  IY.  159. 
Caxias,  Luis  Alves  de  Lima,  duke  de,  Brazilian 
soldier  and  statesman,  IV.  159. 


CAXTON 


CELESTIAL 


175 


Caxton,  William,  first  English  printer,  IV.  159. 
Caycos  [ki'-koce] :  see  Caicos. 

Cayenne  [ki-Cn';  Fr.  ka-y&n],  city  of  French 
Guiana,  IV.  159.  Island,  2  c.  Colony,  VIII. 
303,  1  c  (Guiana). 

Cayenne  Peppee:  see  Capsicum,  III.  761,  1  a, 
2  a.  Adulteration  of,  2  be. 

Cayes,  Aux  :  see  Aux  Cayes. 

Cay'la,  Zoe  Victoire  du,  countess,  favorite  of 
Louis  XVIII.,  IV.  160. 

Cay  la  breed  of  sheep,  IV.  160,  1  c. 

Cayley,  Arthur,  English  mathematician,  IV. 
160. 

Cayley,  Sir  George,  English  philosopher,  IV. 
160. 

Caylus  [ka-lus],  town  of  France,  IV.  160. 
Caylus,  Marthe  Marguerite  de  Villette  de 
Murcav,  marquise  de,  French  woman  of 
fashion,  IV.  160.  Anne  Claude  Philippe  de 
Tubieres,  count,  archaeologist,  2  o. 

Caylux  [ka-liix],  town :  see  Caylus. 

Cayman  [ki'-man] :  see  Alligatoe. 

Cayman ,  lagoon  of  Mexico,  XI.  137,  1  ab. 
Caymans,  islands,  West  Indies,  IV.  161. 

Cays  (keys)  of  Florida,  VII.  280,  1  ab. 

Cayuga  [ka-yu'-ga],  county,  IV.  161. 

Cayuga  Lake,  New  York,  IV.  161. 

Cayugas,  Indian  tribe,  IV.  161 ;  IX.  412, 

1  be,  413,  1  c. 

Cayx,  Remi  Jean  Baptiste  Charles  [ka],  French 
historian,  IV.  161. 

Caza  [ka'-za],  division  of  a  vilayet,  XVI.  354, 

2  ab. 

Cazal:  see  Casal. 

Cazalla  de  la  Sieeea  [ka-tha'-lya  da  la  se- 
air'-ra],  town  of  Spain,  IV.  161. 

Cazem'be,  state  of  Africa,  IV.  161. 
Cazeno'via,  town  of  New  York,  IV.  161. 
Cazoela  [ka-thore'-la],  town  of  Spain,  IV.  162. 
Cazotte,  Jacques  [ka-zut],  French  writer,  IV. 
162. 

Cean-Bekmudez,  Juan  Augustin  [tha-an'-bair- 
moo'-^/iaith],  Spanish  archaeologist,  IV.  162. 
Ceano'thus  (botany),  XII.  312,  1  a.  C.  Ameri- 
canus,  ib.  (ill.).  C.  ovalis,  2  a.  C.  thyrsi- 
florus,  ib. 

Ceaea  [sa-a-ra'],  province  of  Brazil,  IV.  162. 
Ce'bes,  Greek  philosopher,  IV.  162. 

CebIt  [sa-boo'],  island,  Philippines,  IV.  163. 
Town,  1  b. 

Ce'bus  (zoology),  XI.  751,  1  b.  C.  fatuellus, 
ib.  C.  capucinus,  1  c  (ill.). 

Cecco  d’Ascoli  [chek'-ko  d&s'-ko-le],  Italian 
savant  and  martyr,  IV.  163. 


Cecidomy'ia  (entomology),  VI.  129,  1  be.  C. 
destructor,  ib. ;  VIII.  708,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  sali- 
cis,  VI.  129,  1  be.  C.  tritici,  ib. ;  XVI.  588, 
2  c  (ill.,  589). 

Ce'cil,  county,  IV.  163. 

Cecil,  Robert  [ses'-sil  or  sis'-sil],  earl  of  Salis¬ 
bury,  English  statesman,  IV.  163.  Robert 
Arthur  Talbot  Gascoyne  (Lord  Robert  Cecil), 
marquis  of  Salisbury,  XIV.  565,  2  b. 

Cecil,  William:  see  Bueleigh,  Lord. 

Cecilia,  Saint,  IV.  164.  St.  Cecilia’s  day,  2  b. 
Ce'ceops,  first  king  of  Attica,  IV.  164. 

Cedae,  tree,  IV.  164.  Cedar  of  Lebanon,  165, 

1  a  (ill.) ;  cones  of  (ill.),  1  b.  Cedar  of  Goa, 

165,  2  ab.  Indian  cedar,  2  b.  White  cedar, 

2  o ;  V.  614,  1  c ;  tree  so  called,  X.  401, 
2  ab.  Red  cedar,  IV.  166,  1  a  (ill.,  165); 
IX.  715,  2  c.  Yellow  cedar,  I.  241,  2  a. 

Cedae,  three  counties,  IV.  166. 

Cedar  apple,  excrescence,  VII.  533,  1  a. 

Cedae  Bied,  IV.  166  (ill.). 

Cedar  Creek ,  battle  of,  XVI.  655,  2  ab. 

Cedae  Mountain,  and  battle  of,  IV.  166. 
Cedae  Speings,  village  of  South  Carolina,  IV. 

166. 

Cedkon,  medicine,  IV.  166 ;  XIII.  338,  1  b. 
Cefalu  [cha-fa-loo'J,  town  of  Sicily,  IV.  167. 
Cehejin  [tha-a-kheen'],  town  of  Spain,  IV.  167. 
Ceiling  of  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  1  ab. 

Ceilliee,  Dom  Remi  [sa-lya],  French  theolo¬ 
gian,  IV.  167. 

Ceiram  [sa-ram'j :  see  Cekam. 

Celakovsky,  Frantisek  Ladislav  [chel-a-kov'- 
ske],  Bohemian  poet  and  philologist,  IV.  167. 
Cel'andine,  plant,  IV.  167  (ill.). 

Celano,  Thomas  de  [cha-la'-no],  reputed  author 
of  Dies  Irce,  VII.  427,  1  a. 

Celas'trus  (botany),  XVI.  517,  2  c.  C.  scan- 
dens,  ib.  (ill.).  C.  edulis,  782,  2  b. 

Celebes  [sel'-e-beez],  island,  Malay  archipela¬ 
go,  IV.  167.  Description,  168,  1  a.  Natural 
history,  2  ab.  Productions,  169,  1  a.  Na¬ 
tive  inhabitants,  1  b.  History,  2  a. 

Celeia  [se-le'-ya],  ancient  town  :  see  Cilly. 
Celebes  [sel'-e-reez],  a  Roman  body  guard, 
IV.  169 ;  VI.  699,  2  ab. 

Cele'riac,  variety  of  celery,  IV.  169,  2  c. 
Cel'eey,  IV.  169  (ill.,  170).  Celeriac,  2  c; 
170,  1  ab.  Wild  celery,  so-called,  XVI. 
249,  2  b. 

Celeste,  Madame  [sa-lest'J,  Engish  dancer  and 
actress,  IV.  170. 

Celestial  bed,  or  bed  of  Apollo,  so  called,  VIIL 
421,  2  c. 


176 


CELESTIAL 


CENSOR 


Celestial  bride  (mosque),  VII.  793,  2  be. 

Celestial  voice ,  musical  instrument,  referred  to, 
XII.  94,  2  b. 

Cel'estine,  name  of  five  popes,  IV.  170.  I., 

Saint,  1  c.  II.,  Guido  di  Castello,  2  a.  III., 
Giacinto  Orsini,  2  b.  IV.,  Goffredo  Casti- 
glione,  ib.  V.,  Pietro  Angelerier,  2  c. 

Celestine  [sel'-es-tin],  mineral,  XV.  426,  1  b. 

Celestines  (Celestins) :  see  Franciscans,  VII. 
425,  2  c. 

Celestins  :  see  Celestine  V. 

Cele'us ,  mythical  king  of  Eleusis,  IV.  209,  2  b. 

Cel'ibacy,  IV.  171.  In  ancient  Greece  and 
Rome,  1  c ;  of  the  oriental  priesthood,  2  b ; 
of  the  clergy  in  the  primitive  Christian 
church,  2  be ;  in  the  Latin  church,  2  c ;  in 
the  Greek  church,  172,  1  a;  in  the  reformed 
churches,  1  ab.  Abolished  in  England,  VI. 
438,  1  c. 

Celi'na ,  county  seat,  XI.  399,  1  b. 

Cell,  IV.  172.  Vegetable,  1  c ;  XIII.  573, 
2  b,  ff.  (ills.).  Animal,  IV.  172,  2  ab.  See 
Protoplasm,  XIV.  34,  1  a,  35,  2  a. 

Celia ,  in  a  Grecian  temple,  I.  654,  2  c. 

Celia  calidaria ,  and  cella  frigidaria ,  in  an 
ancient  bath,  II.  383,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cellamare,  Antonio  Giudice,  prince  of  [chel- 
la-ma'-re],  Spanish  diplomatist,  IV.  172. 

Cellarer,  Roman  functionary,  IV.  173. 

Cellarius,  Christoph  [tsel-la'-re-oos],  German 
scholar,  IV.  173. 

Celle  [tsel'-leh],  town  of  Prussia,  IV.  173. 

Cellini,  Benvenuto  [chel-le'-ne],  Italian  artist, 
IV.  173.  His  autobiography,  2  c. 

Cells  in  a  leaf,  X.  265,  1  a. 

Cellular  germ ,  XIV.  34,  1  ab  (Protoplasm). 

Cellular  Tissue  (anatomy),  IV.  174.  White 
fibrous,  1  be.  Yellow  fibrous,  1  c.  Diseases 
of,  2  c. 

Cellular  tissue  (botany),  XIII.  578,  1  c  (ill.). 
Of  a  leaf,  X.  264,  2  c. 

Cellulose ,  in  plants,  XIII.  573,  2  b ;  581,  1  b. 
In  starch,  XV.  318,  1  b. 

Cel'sius,  Anders,  Swedish  astronomer,  IV. 
175.  Celsius  thermometer,  1  c  (see  Centi¬ 
grade  Scale).  Magnus,  astronomer,  1  be. 
Olaf,  theologian,  ib.  Nils,  mathematician 
and  naturalist,  ib.  Olaf  de,  historian,  1  c. 

Celsus,  Greek  philosopher,  IV.  175. 

Celsus,  Aulus  Cornelius,  Roman  author,  IV. 
175.  See  Medicine,  XI.  347, 1  c;  Surgery, 
XV.  486,  1  ab. 

Cel' tee:  see  Celts. 

Celtiberi:  see  Celtiberians,  and  II.  367,  2  a. 


Celtibe'rians,  ancient  Spanish  race,  IV.  175. 
Celtic  Gothic  cloister ,  Kilconnel  abbey,  I.  663 
(ill.). 

Celtici ,  ancient  Spanish  race,  II.  367,  2  a. 
Celtic  plain,  so  called,  IV.  177,  1  ab. 

Celtis  occidentalis  (botany),  VIII.  365,  2  b 
(ill.) ;  VI.  551,  2  c.  C.  crassifolia,  552,  1  a. 
C.  australis,  VIII.  365,  2  c,  366,  1  be.  C. 
pallida,  ib. 

Celts,  Aryan  race,  IV.  176;  VIII.  96,  2  a. 
Migrations  and  conquests  in  western  Europe, 
IV.  176,  1  b;  in  Asia  Minor,  2  b.  Galli  and 
Galatas,  2  c.  * 

Celts,  Languages  and  Literature  of  the,  IV. 
177 ;  IX.  455,  2  a.  Bas  Breton,  IV.  177, 
2  a.  Welsh  (Cymraeg),  178,  2  b;  Cornish 
branch,  179,  2  b.  Gaelic,  2  be. 

Cembalo  [chem'-ba-lo],  (bay  of  Balaklava),  II. 
231,  2  b. 

Cementation,  chemical  process,  IV.  180. 
Cement  copper,  V.  326,  1  b. 

Cem'ents,  IV.  180.  Different  kinds  of,  181, 

1  c.  Building  mortar,  ib.  Hydraulic  cem¬ 
ents,  182,  1  be;  kilns  for  preparing,  183, 

2  a ;  setting  and  hardening,  2  c.  Those  used 
in  Europe,  184,  1  b.  Roman  cement  (mod¬ 
ern),  ib.  Portland  cement,  2  a.  Hydraulic 
lime  of  Saint-Leger,  185,  1  a;  of  Teil,  2  ab. 
Tests  of  hardness  and  strength,  2  b.  Mas¬ 
tics,  186,  1  c.  Plaster  of  Paris,  ib.  Various 
other  cements,  ib.  Cement  for  iron,  II.  5,  2  c. 

Cemetery,  IV.  187.  Cemeteries  around  Con¬ 
stantinople,  2  b.  Campo  Santo  of  Pisa, 
2  be;  of  Bologna,  2  c;  of  Genoa,  &c.,  188, 
1  a.  P£re  Lachaise,  1  b.  Cemeteries  in  the 
United  States,  1  c. 

Cenacle  [sa-nak’l],  literary  association  of  Paris, 
IX.  35,  1  c. 

Cenci,  Beatrice  [ba-a-tre'-cha  chen'-che],  Ro¬ 
man  girl,  IV.  188. 

Cenci ,  Giovanni  (Pope  John  X.),  IX.  647,  1  a. 
Ceneda  [cha-na'-da],  town  of  Italy,  IV.  189. 
Cenis,  Mont  [Fr.  mong  suh-ne],  IV.  189.  Mont 
Cenis  railway,  2  ab  (ilk).  Mont  Cenis  tun 
nel,  190,  1  a ;  XVI.  34,  2  ab. 

Cen'obite,  IV.  190. 

Cenobit'ical  life,  growth  of  in  the  early  church, 
XI.  729,  1  b. 

Cenoma'ni ,  ancient  town :  see  Mans,  Le. 
Cenozo'ic  ( tertiary )  period,  in  geology,  VIL 
697,  2  a.  See  table,  694. 

Cenozoic  rocks,  in  geology,  VII.  694,  1  a. 
Censer,  vessel  for  incense,  IV.  190. 

Censor,  Roman  magistrate,  IV.  190. 


CEHSORINUS 


CEPHISSUS 


177 


Censori'nus,  Latin  grammarian  and  chronolo- 
gist,  IV.  191. 

Censors ,  at  Oxford  university,  XII.  765,  2  c. 

Censorship  of  tiie  Press,  IV.  191.  By  the 
Roman  Catholic  church,  2  be.  In  England, 
2  c.  In  France,  192,  1  ab.  In  other  conti¬ 
nental  states,  1  c.  In  the  United  States, 
2  be. 

Census,  IV.  192.  In  Russia,  193,  1  a.  In 
Prussia,  2  a.  In  the  minor  German  states, 
2  c.  In  Austria,  ib.  In  Sweden,  194,  1  b. 
In  Denmark,  2  b.  In  Portugal,  ib.  In  Italy, 
195,  1  b.  In  Greece,  1  c.  In  Turkey,  ib. 
In  France,  2  a.  In  Great  Britain,  2  c.  In 
the  United  States,  196,  1  c;  in  the  several 
states,  199,  2  a.  International  statistical 
congresses,  2  c.  Dr.  Jarvis’s  comparative 
table,  200. 

Cent,  coin,  IV.  201.  Fractions  and  multiples 
of,  1  c,  ff.  Origin  of  the  name,  IX.  592, 1  c. 

Cen'taur ,  constellation :  see  Centaurus. 

Centaurs,  fabulous,  IV.  201  (ill.,  202);  X. 
161,  2  c.  Palasphatus’s  explanation  of  the 
fable,  IV.  202,  1  c. 

Centau'rus ,  fabulous,  IV.  202,  1  a. 

Centaurus,  constellation,  iy.  202. 

Cen'taury  (botany),  iy.  202  (ill.). 

Centigrade  Scale,  iy.  202.  Reduction  to 
Fahrenheit’s,  2  c,  and  Xyi.  699,  2  be  (ill.). 

Centime  [sang-teem] :  see  Franc,  VII.  365,  2  b. 

Cen'tipede,  articulated  animal,  IV.  202.  Sco- 
lopendra  morsitans,  203,  2  c  (ill.). 

Centlivre,  Susanna  [sent'-liv-er],  English  dra¬ 
matic  writer,  IV.  204. 

Cento,  a  kind  of  poem,  IV.  204. 

Centorbi  [chen-tor'-be],  town  of  Sicily,  with 
ancient  remains:  see  Centuripa  (Index). 

Central  America,  IV.  204. 

Central  American  picture  writing :  see  Hiero¬ 
glyphics,  VIII.  720,  2  c. 

Central  battery  and  armor  belt  system:  see 
Iron-clad  Ships,  IX.  386,  1  c. 

Central  City,  town  of  Colorado,  IV.  205. 

Central  Heat,  fcneory  of,  IV.  205. 

Central  park,  Hew  York,  XII.  380,  2  a;  XIII. 
105,  1  a  (map),  106,  1  b. 

Central  Provinces,  British  India,  IV.  205. 

Centran'thus  (botany),  XVI.  245,  2  c. 

Centrar'chus  (ichthyology),  II.  367,  2  c.  C. 
hexacanthus,  368,  2  c.  C.  aeneus,  369,  1  ab 
(ill.). 

Centre,  county,  II.  206. 

Centre ,  county  seat,  IV.  377,  2  b. 

Centres ,  Fenian,  VII.  125,  2  a. 

12 


Centreville ,  county  seats,  I.  593,  1  c ;  II.  608, 

1  a ;  VIII.  715, 1  a ;  XIV.  144,  1  c ;  538,  2  a. 
Centreville ,  Va. :  see  Bull  Run,  III.  429,  1  a,  ff. 
Centre  worJc ,  in  turning,  XVI.  73,  1  b. 
Centrifugal  force,  from  the  earth’s  rotation, 

an  objectionable  expression,  VIII.  176,  1  c. 
In  mechanics,  XI.  323,  1  c  (ills.). 

Centriscus  (ichthyology),  II.  508,  2  a.  C.  scolo- 
pax,  2  ab.  See  XIII.  537,  1  a. 

Centrocercus  urophasianus  (ichthyology),  VIII. 
271,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Centropistis  nigricans  (ichthyology),  II.  368, 1  a. 
Centrum  ovale  maius.  section  of  the  brain,  III. 
191,  2  b. 

Centu'ripa ,  ancient  town  (now  Centorbi),  I. 
190,  1  a. 

Centullus ,  feudal  prince  of  Bearn,  II.  422,  1  c. 
Ce'orl  [A.  S.  ke-url',  whence  churl] :  see  Serf, 
XIV.  775,  2  b. 

Ceos  :  see  Zea. 

Cephaelis  ipecacuan'ha  [sef-a-e'-lis],  (botany), 
IX.  342,  1  c  (ill.). 

Cephalce'dis ,  ancient  town :  see  Cefalu. 
Cephalcis'pids ,  family  of  fossil  fish,  VII.  615, 2  a. 
Cephalaspis ,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  lb  (ill.). 
Cephalization :  see  Philosophical  Anatomy, 
XIII.  428,  2  b. 

Cephalle'nia :  see  Cephalonia. 

Cephalonia,  Ionian  island,  IV.  206. 
Cephaloph'&ra ,  class  of  mollusks,  XI.  722,  1  ab. 
Eyes  of,  VII.  48,  1  c. 

Cephalop'oda,  mollusks,  IV.  206.  Argonaut 
without  the  shell  (ill.),  207,  1  a ;  within  the 
shell  (ill.),  1  c.  Hectocotyli,  ib.  Acetabula, 

2  a.  Dibranchiate  and  tetrabranchiate  ce- 
phalopods,  divisions  of,  2  b.  Fossil  species, 
2  be.  See  II.  484,  2  b ;  XI.  722,  1  ab,  723, 

1  a.  Eyes  of,  VII.  48,  1  be. 

CephaV opods :  see  Cephalopoda  (Index). 
Cephalop'tera  (ichthyology),  VI.  55,  1  b.  C. 

vampyrus,  2  a  (ill.).  Other  species,  ib. 
Cephalop'terus  (ornithology),  XVI.  109,  2  a. 
C.  ornatus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Cephalo'tes  (zoology):  see  Bat,  II.  376,  2  c. 
Cephalotho'rax ,  of  crabs,  lobsters,  &c.,  V.  448, 

2  ab;  X.  561,  1  b. 

Cephalo'tus  follicula’ris  (botany),  XIII.  549, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Ceph'alus,  mythical,  IV.  208. 

Ce’phas ,  XIII.  351,  2  c  (Peter). 

Cepheus  [se'-fuce],  mythical  Ethiopian  king,  I. 
487,  1  a  (Andromeda). 

Cephis'sus,  river  of  Greece,  IV.  208;  II.  94, 

1  c. 


178 


CEPHREN 


CERVANTES 


Ceph'ren ,  king  of  Egypt,  IV.  374,  2  b.  Pyra¬ 
mid  of,  XIV.  106,  2  be  (Shafra’s). 

Cep' ola  (ichthyology),  XIV.  306,  2  c.  C.  rubes- 
eens,  ib. 

Cera ,  wax,  XVI.  515,  1  c. 

Cekacohi,  Giuseppe  [cha-rak'-ke],  Italian  sculp¬ 
tor,  IV.  208. 

Ceram',  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  IV.  208. 
Ceramia'  cece :  see  Alg^e,  I.  299,  2  ab. 

Ceram'ic  art ,  XIII.  778,  1  a,  2  a. 

Cerami’cus ,  suburb  of  Athens,  I.  49,  2  b.  In¬ 
ner  (site),  II.  59,  2  c ;  outer,  ib. 

Cerasine  [ser'-a-sin],  gum,  VIII.  321,  1  c. 
Ceras'tes  Hasselquis'tii ,  asp  or  horned  viper,  II. 
18,  1  c;  XVI.  368,  1  c,  2  ab.  C.  nasicornis, 
2  a. 

Cer'asus  vulga'ris  (botany),  IV.  380,  1  be  (ill.). 

C.  Virginiana,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Ceratocam'padoe  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  a. 
Ceratocampa  regalis  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  a. 
Ceratomia  quadricornis  (entomology),  larva  of, 
VIII.  533,  1  c. 

Cerat'  ophrys  (zoology),  VIII.  822,  2  b.  C.  cor- 
nuta  (ill.),  2  a. 

Cerau'nian  Mountains,  ancient  name  of  two 
ranges,  IV.  208.  Ceraunii,  209,  1  a. 
Cer'berus,  mythical  monster,  IV.  209  (ill.) ; 
VIII.  680,  1  a. 

Cerberus ,  iron-clad  war  ship,  IX.  386,  2  c  (ill.). 
Cerca'rice  (entozoa),  VI.  667,  2  ab. 

Cercis  (botany),  IX.  699,  2  c.  C.  Canadensis, 
700,  1  a  (ill.).  Other  species,  1  c. 

Cercoce'bus  (zoology),  XI.  753,  1  b.  C.  cynosu- 
rus,  ib.  C.  sabseus,  ib.  C.  fuliginosus,  1  be. 
Cercola'bes  (zoology),  XIII.  716,  2  be.  C.  pre- 
hensilis,  717,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cercolabi'na  (zoology),  XIII.  715,  2  c. 
Cercolep'tes  (zoology),  XIII.  792,  2  ab.  C.  cau- 
divolvulus,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cer'copis  (entomology),  VIII.  630,  1  b. 
Cercopithe'cus  (zoology),  XI.  752,  2  c.  C.  mo- 
na,  ib.  C.  Dianoe,  753,  1  a  (ill.). 

Cerdo ,  founder  of  the  Cerdonians,  IV.  209,  1  c. 
Cerdonians,  ancient  heretics,  IV.  209. 

Cere,  Jean  Nicolas  [sa-ra],  French  botanist, 
IV.  209.  Cerea,  2  a. 

Cerea'lia,  Roman  festival,  IV.  209. 

Cerealine  [se-re-a'-lin],  in  bran,  III.  208,  2  a. 
Ce'reals,  time  to  cut  for  food,  I.  199,  2  b. 
CerebeVlum ,  III.  186,  1  b ;  190,  1  a;  XII.  235, 

1  b  (ill.,  234).  Of  birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes, 

2  c. 

Cer'ebral  hemispheres ,  III.  191,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  XII. 
235,  1  b. 


Cerebral  meningitis,  brain  disease,  III.  200, 1  c. 
Cerebric  acid ,  III.  186,  2  b. 

Cerebri’ tis,  inflammation  of  the  brain,  III.  202, 
1  a. 

Cerebrospinal  axis ,  XII.  234,  2  b. 
Cerebrospinal  fluid,  III.  188,  1  c. 
Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis  :  see  Spinal  Dis¬ 
eases,  XV.  269,  1  a,  and  VII.  168,  2  c. 
Ceres  [se'-reez],  Greek  and  Roman  goddess, 
IV.  209  (ill.,  210).  Her  fabled  birthplace, 
90,  1  be. 

Ceres ,  asteroid,  II.  38,  2  b. 

Ce'reus  (botany),  IV.  210.  C.  giganteus,  2  a 
(ill.).  Night-blooming  ( cactus  grandiflo- 
rus )  :  see  Cactus,  III.  534,  1  a  (ill.,  533). 
Cerignola  [cha-re-nyo'-la],  town  of  Italy,  IV. 
210. 

Cerigo  [cher'-e-go],  Ionian  island,  IV.  211. 
Cerigotto,  1  b. 

Cerine  [se'-rin],  (cerotic  acid),  XVI.  515,  2  a. 
Cerinthians,  sect :  see  Cerinthus. 

Cerin'thus,  Gnostic  leader,  IV.  211.  Cerin¬ 
thians,  2  a ;  their  doctrine  respecting  the 
parentage  of  Christ,  XI.  217,  2  c. 

Cerior’nis  (ornithology),  XV.  838,  1  be.  C. 

satyra,  1  c  (ill.). 

Ce'rite ,  mineral,  IV.  211,  2  b. 

Cerito,  Francesca  (Fanny),  [cha-re'-to],  Italian 
dancer,  IV.  211. 

Ce'rium,  metal,  IV.  211.  Preparation  of,  2  b. 

Discovery  of,  II.  588,  2  c. 

Ce'rodon  (zoology),  IV.  157,  2  ab.  C.  rupes- 
tris,  2  be  (ill.).  C.  flavidens,  2  c.  C.  Spixii, 
ib.  C.  Boliviensis,  ib.  C.  australis,  158, 1  a. 
Ceroleine  [se-ro'-le-in] :  see  Wax,  XVI.  515,  2  a. 
Cerorliina  monocerata  (ornithology),  VIII.  310, 

1  c. 

Cerotic  acid:  see  Wax,  XVI.  515,  2  a. 
Cerreto  [chair-ra'-to],  town  of  Italy,  IV.  211. 
Cer'ro  Gor'do,  mountain  pass,  Mexico,  and 
battle  of,  IV.  212. 

Cerro  Gordo,  county,  IV.  212. 

Cerro  de  Potosi:  see  PotosI 
Certaldo  [cliair-tal'-do],  town  of  Italy,  IV.  212. 
Certhia  (ornithology),  V.  473,  1  a.  C.  famili- 
aris  or  C.  Americana,  ib.  (ill.). 

Certiorari  [sur-sho-ra'-re],  writ,  IV.  212. 
Ceru'men,  waxy  secretion  of  the  ear,  XV.  79, 

2  ab. 

Ce'russite ,  carbonate  of  lead,  X.  250,  1  a. 
Cerutti,  Joseph  Antoine  Joachim  [cha-root'- 
te],  French  author,  IV.  212. 

Cervan'tes  Saave'dra,  Miguel  de  [Sp.  thair- 
van'-tace  sa-a-va'-^ra],  Spanish  author,  IV. 


CERVIA 


CHACHAPOYAS 


179 


212 ;  XV.  221,  2  a.  See  Avellaneda. 
Statue  of,  at  Madrid,  X.  834,  1  be. 

Cervia  [chair'-ve-a],  town  of  Italy,  IY.  214. 
Cer'vical  plexus:  see  Nerve,  XII.  232,  2  a. 
Cervidm  (zoology),  V.  756,  1  c. 

Cervix,  Mont  [mong  sair-vang] :  see  Matterhorx. 
Cervole :  see  Cervolle. 

Cervolle,  Arnaud  de  [dull  siiir-vul],  French 
freebooter,  IY.  214. 

Cer'vulus  (zoology),  XII.  47, 1  a.  C.  vaginalis, 
47,  1  b  (ill.).  Other  species,  2  a. 

Cervus  (zoology),  correct  English  names  of  the 
male  and  female  of,  III.  385, 1  c  (Buck).  C. 
Camelopardalis,  YII.  819,  2  be  (ill.,  820).  0. 
Canadensis,  XYI.  440,  2  a  (ill.);  III.  385, 

1  be;  YI.  541,  1  a.  C.  elaphus,  XY.  301, 

2  c  (ill.,  302).  C.  giganteus,  YI.  541,  1  a. 
Gery'le  (ornithology),  IX.  839,  1  b,  2  c.  C. 

alcyon,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cesalpino ,  Andrea  [cha-zal-pe'-no] :  see  Gesal- 

PIXUS. 

Cesare,  Giuseppe,  cavaliere  di  [de  cha'-za-ra], 
Italian  historian,  IY.  214. 

Cesari,  Antonio,  Italian  author,  IY.  214. 
Cesari,  Giuseppe,  Italian  painter,  IY.  214. 
Cesarini ,  Cardinal  Julian  [cha-za-re'-ne],  papal 
legate  at  the  council  of  Basel,  II.  358,  1  c. 
Cesarotti,  Melchiore  [cha-za-rot'-te],  Italian 
poet,  IY.  215. 

Cesexa  [cha-za'-na],  city  of  Italy,  IY.  215. 
Cesxola,  Luigi  Palma  di,  count  [de  ches'-no-la], 
American  soldier  and  explorer,  IY.  215.  His 
discoveries  in  Cyprus,  2  a.  Colossus  of  Gol- 
gos,  216,  1  b  (ill.).  Discovery  of  the  temple 
of  Yenus  at  Golgos,  217,  1  a.  Collection  of 
Cypriote  glass  in  the  New  York  metropol¬ 
itan  museum,  YIII.  7,  2  c  (ills.,  8). 

Cespedes,  Carlos  Manuel  de  [ses'-pa-dace], 
president  of  Cuba,  IY.  217.  (Died  1874.) 
Cespedes,  Pablo  de,  Spanish  artist  and  author, 
IY.  217. 

Cestoi’dea  (entozoa),  YI.  663,  2  c;  I.  61,  1  be. 
Cestoid  worms :  see  Cestoidea  (Index). 
Cestra'cion  (ichthyology),  XIV.  829,  2  ab.  C. 
Phillipsii,  2  b. 

Cestracion' tides  (ichthyology),  XIY.  829,  2  a. 
Cestua’rii,  ancient  boxers,  IV.  217,  2  c. 
Cesths,  girdle,  IY.  217.  See  Vexes,  XYI. 
302,  2  c. 

Cestus ,  in  ancient  pugilism,  XIY.  73,  1  ab.  • 
Cestus  Ven'eris ,  jelly  fish,  XYI.  305,  1  c  (ill.). 
Cestuy  qve  trust:  see  Trusts,  XYI.  17,  2  c. 
Cestuy  que  use ,  II.  310,  2  b.  See  Uses. 
Cetaceans ,  herbivorous ,  XY.  68,  2  a. 


Cethe’gus ,  Roman  conspirator,  IY.  120,  2  b. 
Cetigxe  :  see  Cettigxe. 

Cetine  [se'-tin],  pure  spermaceti,  XY.  261,  2  a. 
Cetra ,  ancient  target  or  shield,  XIV.  853, 
2  b. 

Cetra’ via  Islan'dica ,  Iceland  moss,  IX.  156,  2  b 
(ill.,  157) ;  X.  410,  2  c.  Referred  to,  I.  299, 
2  be. 

Cette  [set],  seaport  of  France,  IY.  217. 
Cettigxe  [set-te'-nya],  capital  of  Montenegro, 
IY.  218. 

Ce'tus,  constellation,  IY.  218. 

Cetyl’ic  acid ,  from  spermaceti,  XY.  261,  2  be. 
Cetylic  alcohol ,  from  spermaceti,  XY.  261,  2  b. 
Ceu'ta  [Sp.  tha'-oo-ta],  Spanish  town  and  for¬ 
tress  in  Morocco,  IY.  218. 

Cevexnes  [sa-ven],  mountain  range  of  France, 
IY.  218.  Former  province,  219, 1  a.  Insur¬ 
rection  in  the :  see  Camisards. 

Cevenols  [saiv-nul],  a  name  of  the  Camisards, 

III.  657,  2  a. 

Ceylox  [se-lon'J,  island,  Indian  ocean,  IY.  219. 
Shores,  1  ab.  Mountains,  2  a  (ill.,  Adam’s 
Peak).  Hydrography,  2  b.  Minerals,  &c., 
220,  1  a.  Climate,  1  b.  Fauna,  1  c.  Vege¬ 
table  productions,  2  a.  People,  2  c  (ill.,  221). 
Government,  221, 1  c.  Resources,  2  a.  His¬ 
tory,  2  c.  See  Cixgalese  Laxguage. 

Cey ’Ionite ,  mineral,  XY.  271,  2  b. 

Cezimbra  [sa-zeeng/-bra],  seaport  of  Portugal, 
IY.  222. 

CnABAs,  Francois  Joseph  [sha-ba],  French 
archie ologist,  IY.  222. 

Chabert,  Joseph  Bernard,  marquis  de  [sha- 
bair],  French  navigator  and  astronomer,  IY. 
222. 

Chablais  [sha-bla],  a  former  division  of  Savoy, 
IY.  222. 

Chablis  [sha-ble] :  see  Fraxce,  Wines  of,  YII. 
413,  2  a. 

Chaboras  [ka-bo'-ras],  river  of  Mesopotamia, 
YII.  49,  1  ab ;  XI.  415,  2  c. 

Chabot,  Francois  [sha-bo],  French  revolution¬ 
ist,  IY.  222. 

Chabot,  Philippe  de,  French  general,  IY.  223. 
Chabrias  [kab'-re-as],  Athenian  general,  IY. 
223. 

Chabrillax,  Celeste  YCnard,  countess  de  [duh 
sha-bre-yang],  French  author,  IY.  223. 
Chabrol  de  Ceouzol,  Andre  Jean,  count  [sha- 
briil  duh  kroo-zul],  French  statesman,  IY. 
223. 

Chachapoyas  [cha-cha-po'-yass],  town  of  Peru, 

IV.  223. 


180 


CHACO 


CHAMHEROPS 


Chaco,  El  Gran  [ail  gran  cha'-ko],  region  of 
South  America,  IV.  223. 

Chcerea, ,  Cassius  [ke'-re-a],  chief  assassin  of 
Caligula,  III.  616,  2  ab. 

Chjsrone'a,  town  of  Bceotia,  IV.  224.  Victory 
of  Philip  of  Macedon  at,  1  c;  VIII.  198,  2  c. 
Victory  of  Sulla  at,  IV.  224,  1  c. 

Ch^'todon  (ichthyology),  IV.  224.  C.  ros- 
tratus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Chceto'mium,  mildew,  XI.  535,  2  a. 

Chcetu’ra  (ornithology),  XV.  520,  1  b. 
Chaffinch,  bird,  IV.  224  (ill.,  225). 

Chagkes  [cha'-gress],  river  of  Colombia,  IV. 
225. 

Chagkes,  seaport  of  Colombia,  IV.  225. 

Chain  Snake,  IV.  225  (ill.). 

Chain  wales ,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  b. 

Chain  work,  in  stockings,  XV.  391,  1  b. 

Chair ,  in  railroad  building,  XIV.  180,  2  b. 
Chain  d’Est  Ange,  Gustave  Louis  Adolphe 
Victor  Charles  [sha  dest  angzh],  French  ad¬ 
vocate,  IV.  226.  (Died  1876.) 

Chalais,  Count  de  [sha-la],  beheaded  by  Riche¬ 
lieu,  XIV.  317,  1  c. 

Chalazce  [kal'-a-ze],  membranes  in  eggs,  VI. 
450,  2  be. 

Chaloedon  [kal'-se-don],  ancient  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  IV.  226.  Fourth  oecumenical  coun¬ 
cil  at,  2  a. 

Chalcedony  [kal-sed'-o-ne],  variety  of  quartz, 
IV.  226. 

Chalchihuitl  [chal-che-weet’l'],  stone,  IV.  227. 
Chalcid'ians  [kal-],  lizards,  IV.  227.  Brazen 
lizard  (ill.),  2  a. 

Chalcidians ,  insects,  IX.  158,  2  b. 

Chalcidice  [kal-sid'-e-se],  peninsula,  IV.  227. 
Chalciditjs,  Platonic  philosopher,  IV.  227. 
Chalcis,  town  of  Euboea,  Greece,  IV.  227. 
Chalcis  favescens  (zoology),  (ill.),  IV.  227,  2  a. 
Chalcog’raphy :  see  Engraving,  VI.  650,  2  a. 
Chalcondyles  [kal-kon'-de-leez],  or  Chalco- 
condyles,  Laonicus  or  Xicolaus,  Byzantine 
historian,  IV.  228.  Demetrius,  scholar,  1  c. 
Chaldea  [kal-de'-a],  ancient  country  of  Asia, 
IV..  228.  Gesenius’s  scheme  of  Chaldean 
history,  229,  2  a.  Results  of  recent  re¬ 
searches,  230,  1  b. 

Chaldean  era  of  Nabonassar,  referred  to,  IV. 

229,  1  a. 

Chaldeans ,  race,  IV.  228,  2  a.  Priest  caste,  229, 

1  b.  Their  improvements  in  astronomy, 

230,  1  a. 

Chaldeans ,  sect:  see  Nestorians,  XII.  240, 

2  a,  c. 


Chaldee  Language,  IV.  230.  Use  in  later 
Jewish  literature,  VIII.  595,  1  c.  See  I. 
631,  2  b. 

Chalestoon ,  a  palace  in  Ghazepoor,  VII.  790, 
1  c. 

Chaleurs,  Bay  of  [sha-lur'],  Canada,  IV.  231. 
Chalice  [chal'-iss],  eucharistic  vessel,  IV.  231. 
Chalk  [chawk],  earthy  mineral,  IV.  231.  Its 
geological  relations,  2b;  V.  477,  2  a ;  VII. 
697,  2  a ;  VIII.  34,  2  c.  Uses  of,  IV.  232, 
1  b ;  in  medicine,  ib.  French  chalk,  1  c. 
Black  chalk,  ib.  Red  chalk,  ib. 

“  Chalk,”  in  lithography,  X.  526,  2  ab. 

Chalk  as  a  ferment ,  VII.  143,  2  c ;  146,  2  a. 
Chalkley,  Thomas,  English  Quaker  preacher, 
IV.  232. 

Challenge,  IV.  232. 

Ciial'loner,  Richard,  English  bishop  and  his¬ 
torian,  IV.  233. 

Chal'mers,  Alexander  [Scot,  chaw'-merz],  Brit¬ 
ish  author,  IV.  233. 

Chalmers,  George,  British  historian,  IV.  233. 
Chalmers,  Thomas,  Scottish  clergyman  and 
author,  IV.  233.  Great  spiritual  change, 
234,  1  b.  Canning’s  judgment  of  him  as  a 
preacher,  2  a.  Leader  in  the  evangelical 
party,  and  its  secession  from  the  established 
church,  235,  1  a.  Evil  of  over  population, 
XIII.  670,  1  c. 

Chdlonnais  [sha-lun-na],  former  county  of 
Burgundy,  IV.  236,  1  a. 

Chalon-sur-Sa6ne  [sha-loDg-stlr-sone],  city  of 
France,  IV.  235. 

Chalons-sur-Marne  [sha-long-sur-marn],  town 
of  France,  IV.  236.  Church  of  Notre  Dame, 

1  b  (ill.).  Battle  of  Chalons,  1  c,  and  I. 
155,  2  b.  Camp  of,  IV.  236,  2  b.  Council 
against  simoniacs,  VIII.  800,  2  bo. 

Chalotais,  La,  Louis  Ren6  de  Caradeuc  de 
[la  sha-lo-ta],  French  statesman  and  author, 
IV.  236. 

Chalybaus,  Heinrich  Moritz  [ka-le-ba'-oos], 
German  philosopher,  IV.  237. 

Chalybeate  [ka-lib'-e-ate],  IV.  237. 

Chalybeate  bread,  X.  88,  1  c. 

Chalybeate  springs,  IV.  237,  2  a;  XI.  592,  1  c. 
Cham  [kam],  pseudonyme  of  Am6dee  Noe, 
French  caricaturist,  IV.  237. 

Chama  [ka'-ma],  genus  of  bivalves,  IV.  237. 
Chamcedo’rea  (botany),  XIII.  18,  1  a. 
Chamce'leo  (zoology),  IV.  242,  2  b.  C.  vulgaris, 

2  c  (ill.,  243). 

Chamcerops  [ka-me'-rops],  (botany),  XIII.  21, 
I  1  ab.  C.  humilis,  ib.  C.  excelsa,  ib.  (ill.,  20) ; 


CHAMBERLAIN 


CHAMPOLLION 


181 


flowers  of,  17,  1  ab  (ill.,  16).  C.  hystrix,  27, 
1  be. 

Chamberlain,  court  officer,  IY.  237.  Lord 
chamberlain,  238,  1  a.  Municipal  chamber¬ 
lains,  1  b. 

Chamberlayne,  Edward,  English  author,  IY. 

238.  John,  author,  1  c. 

Chambers,  two  counties,  IY.  238. 

Chambers,  Ephraim,  English  cyclopeedist,  IY. 

238. 

Chambers,  George,  English  artist,  IY.  238. 
Chambers,  Sir  William,  English  architect,  IY. 

239. 

Chambers,’  William  and  Robert,  Scottish  au¬ 
thors  and  publishers,  IY.  239. 
Chambersburg,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  IY. 

240. 

Chambertin  [shang-bair-tang],  French  vineyard, 
IY.  240.  Wine  of,  YII.  413,  1  a. 

CnAMBERY  [shang-ba-re],  town  of  Savoy,  IY. 
240  (view). 

CnAMBLY  [shang-ble],  county  of  Canada,  IY.  241. 
Chambly ,  county  seat,  IY.  241,  2  a. 

Chambord  [shang-bor],  village  of  France,  IY. 

241.  Castle  of,  2  b  (ill.). 

Chambord,  Henri  Charles  Ferdinand  Marie 
Dieudonn6,  count  de,  duke  of  Bordeaux,  IY. 
241.  Origin  of  his  title,  2  c.  Marie  Th6rese 
Beatrice  Gaetane,  countess  de,  242, 1  b. 
Chambray,  Georges,  marquis  de  [shang-bra], 
French  soldier  and  author,  IY.  242. 
Chambre  Ardente  [shang-brar-dangt],  special 
court  of  law  in  France,  IY.  242. 

Chambttre,  Auguste  Lepelletier  de  [shang-bur], 
French  soldier,  IY.  242. 

Chameleon  [ka-me'-le-on],  reptile,  IY.  242 
(ill.,  243). 

Chameleons  of  the  sea ,  IY.  207,  2  b. 

Chamfort,  S6bastien  Roch  Nicolas  [shang-for], 
French  author,  IY.  243. 

Chamfront ,  in  armor,  I.  733,  2  c. 

Chamisso,  Adalbert  von  [sha-mis'-so],  German 
poet  and  naturalist,  IY.  244.  On  the  salpse, 
XI.  724,  2  c  (Molluscoids). 

Chamois  [sham'-me;  Fr.  sha-mwa],  Alpine  an¬ 
telope,  IY.  244  (ill.).  See  I.  546,  1  a.  Cha¬ 
mois  (shammy)  leather,  IY.  244,  2  c. 
Chamomile  [kam'-o-mile],  plant,  IY.  245  (ill.). 
Chamomile  tea,  1  ab.  Stinking  chamomile : 
see  Mayweed. 

Chamonix  [sha-mo-ne] :  see  Chamouni. 
Chamorro,  Fruto  [cha-more'-ro],  Central 
American  statesman,  IY.  245. 

Chamotte  [shS-mot'] :  see  Zinc,  XYI.  822,  2  b. 


Chamouni  [sha-moo-ne],  Alpine  valley,  IY. 

245.  Village,  246,  1  be  (ill.,  245). 

Chamouny :  see  Chamouni. 

Champa  [cham'-pa],  lignitic  fuel,  I.  464,  1  a. 
Champagne  [shang-pany’],  former  province  of 
France,  IY.  246.  Wines  of,  YII.  413,  2  a,  ff. 
Champagne,  Philippe  de,  French  painter,  IY. 

246. 

Champagne  baths,  XI.  597,  2  a. 

Champa gny,  Jean  Baptiste  Nomp5re,  count  de 
[duh  shallg-pa-nye],  duke  de  Cadore,  French 
statesman,  IY.  246.  Louis  Alix  Nompere 
de,  duke  de  Cadore,  2  c.  Frangois  Joseph 
Marie  Therese,  count  de,  author,  247,  1  a. 
Napoleon  Marie  de  Nompere,  count  de,  agri¬ 
culturist,  ib.  J6r6me  Paul  de  Nompere, 
legislator,  1  ab. 

Champaign  [sham-pain'],  two  counties,  IY.  247. 
Champaigne ,  Philippe  de :  see  Champagne. 
Champ  de  Mai  [shang  duh  ma],  IY.  247,  2  ab, 
c  ;  291,  1  a. 

Champ  de  Mars  [shang  duh  marce],  Frankish 
assemblage,  IY.  247.  Public  square  of  Paris, 
2  b  ;  XIII.  81,  2  b. 

Champdivers,  Odette  de  [shang-de-vair],  mistress 
of  Charles  VI.,  IY.  286,  1  c. 

Champe,  John  [champ],  American  soldier  and 
spy,  IY.  247. 

Champeaux ,  William  de:  see  William  of 
Champeaux. 

Cham'perty,  in  law,  IY.  248.  How  different 
from  maintenance,  1  b. 

Champfleury  [shang-fluh-re],  (Jules  Fleury), 
French  author,  IY.  248. 

Champfort :  see  Chamfort. 

Champignon  [shang-pe-nyong],  mushroom,  XII. 

72,  1  a.  Fairy  ring  champignon,  ib.  (ill.). 
Cham'pion,  IY.  248.  Judicial  champion,  2  c. 

Championship  of  England,  249,  1  a. 
Champion  Hills,  battle  of,  XYI.  179,  1  c. 
Champlain  [sham-plain';  Fr.  shang-plang],  county 
of  Canada,  IY.  249. 

Champlain,  township  of  New  York,  IY.  249. 
Champlain,  Lake,  IY.  249.  Naval  battle  of,  2  b. 
Champlain,  Samuel  de,  French  navigator,  IY. 

250 ;  IX.  79,  1  c. 

Champlain  clay,  VI.  112,  1  c. 

Champlain  forge,  II.  742,  2  b. 

Champlin,  Charles  Josuah :  see  Chaplin  (In¬ 
dex). 

Champmesle,  Marie  Desmares  [shang-ma-la], 
French  actress,  IY.  252.  Charles  Chevillet 
(Champmesl6),  playwright  and  comedian,  1  c. 
Champollion-Figeac,  Jacques  Joseph  [slAng- 


182 


CHAMPOLLION 


CHAPEL 


pul-yong-fe-zhak],  French  archieologist,  IV. 
252.  Aim6  Champollion,  author,  2  b. 

Champollion  le  Jeune,  Jean  Francois  [luh 
zhun],  Egyptologist,  IV.  252.  See  Egypt, 
Language  and  Literature  of,  VI.  475,  1  a,  ff. 

Champseix ,  Leonie  [shang-sa] :  see  Leo,  Andr6. 

Champs  Ely  sees  [shang  za-le-za],  public  grounds 
of  Paris,  XIII.  80,  2  b. 

Chance ,  James ,  his  patent  plate  glass,  VIII.  18, 
2  ab.  Chance  and  co.’s  disks  of  flint  and 
crown  glass,  21,  1  a. 

Chancel,  division  in  a  church,  IV.  253. 

Chancellor,  law  officer,  IV.  253.  Derivation 
of  the  title,  2  c.  In  Roman  courts,  ib.  Func¬ 
tion  of  the  chancellor  of  Great  Britain,  ib. ; 
official  rank  and  prerogatives,  254,  1  ab,  c; 
legal  style  of,  1  c ;  tenure  of  office,  V.  429, 
2  b.  Chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  IV.  254, 
2  ab ;  of  Oxford,  2  b ;  of  a  bishop,  ib.  Chan¬ 
cellors  in  continental  Europe,  ib. ;  in  the 
United  States,  2  c. 

Chancellorsville,  Battle  of,  IV.  254.  Forces 
engaged,  255,  1  a.  Hooker’s  disposition  of 
liis  forces,  1  b;  advantage  of  the  position 
gained,  1  c.  Fatal  oversight  and  mismanage¬ 
ment,  2  b.  Vicissitudes  of  the  three  days’ 
conflicts,  256,  1  a,  ff.  Retreat  of  the  Union 
army,  257,  2  be.  Analysis  of  the  reports  of 
the  battle,  2  c. 

Chancery,  IV.  258.  Proceedings  in  equity, 
259,  1  be.  In  the  United  States,  2  b.  Hew 
York  court  of,  IX.  795,  3  ab. 

Chancery ,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  2  c. 

Chanel:  see  Chund. 

Chandairi  [chan-di'-re] :  see  Chendaeee. 

Chandelier  tree ,  XIII.  36,  2  c. 

Chandernagore',  French  colony  in  India,  IV. 
259. 

Chandler,  Richard,  English  archeologist,  IV. 
259. 

Chandler,  Samuel,  English  theologian,  IV.  260. 

Chandler,  Thomas  Bradbury,  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  IV.  260. 

Chandler,  Col. :  see  Andeesonville,  1. 475, 1  a. 

Chandler  grass ,  V.  420,  2  b. 

CnANDOS,  Sir  John,  English  soldier,  IV.  260. 

Chandragupta  [chan-dra-goop'-ta],  king  of 
Maghada,  IX.  207,  1  be. 

Chang  and  Eng ,  Siamese  twins,  XI  765, 2  c  (ill.). 

Changarnier,  Nicolas  Anne  Theodule  [shang- 
gar-nya],  general,  IV.  261.  (Died  1877.) 

Chang-choo-foo',  city  of  China,  IV.  261. 

Chang-ohow',  city  of  China,  IV.  261. 

Changelings :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  b. 


Change  of  life,  in  women,  I.  181, 1  b. 
Changkiakau  [chang-ke-a-kow'J :  see  Kalgan. 
Channa  chavaria  [kan'-na  ka-va'-re-a],  (orni¬ 
thology),  XIV.  712,  1  a. 

Channel  Islands,  IV.  261.  Alderney  breed 
of  cattle,  2  c. 

Channing,  Edward  Tyrrel,  American  scholar, 
IV.  262. 

Channing,  Walter,  American  physician,  IV. 

262.  (Died  1876.) 

Channing,  William  Ellery,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  author,  IV.  262.  Religious  views, 

263,  1  c.  On  social  reforms,  2  c.  Opposi¬ 
tion  to  slavery,  264,  1  a. 

Channing,  William  Ellery,  American  author, 
IV.  264. 

Channing,  William  Henry,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  author,  IV.  264. 

Chansons  de  geste  [shang-song  duh  zhest],  poems 
of  the  trouveres,  VII.  403,  2  a. 

CnANT,  IV.  265. 

Chan-ta-bon:  see  Chantibun. 

Chantal,  Jeanne  Frangoise  Fremiot,  baroness 
de  [shang-tal],  saint,  IV.  265. 

Chantarelle  [shang-ta-rel],  mushroom,  XII.  72, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Chant  du  depart  [shang  du  da-par],  author  of, 
IV.  374,  1  b. 

Chantibun  [shan-te-bun'],  town  of  Cambodia, 
IV.  265. 

Chantilly  [shang-te-ye],  town  of  France,  IV. 

265.  Dome  of  stables,  2  a  (ill.). 

Chantilly,  Va.  [shan-til'-le],  military  encounter 
near,  III.  431,  2  be. 

Chantilly,  Mile,  de,  assumed  name,  VII.  97, 

2  c  (Fa v art). 

Chantrey,  Sir  Francis,  English  sculptor,  IV. 
265. 

Chanut  [sha-nti],  French  ambassador,  portrai¬ 
ture  of  Queen  Christina  of  Sweden  by,  IV. 
547,  2  b. 

Chanzy,  Antoine  Eugene  Alfred  [shang-ze], 
French  soldier,  IV.  266. 

Chaos  [ka'-os],  in  classical  mythology,  IV.  266  ; 
XII.  711,  1  a.  In  natural  history,  IV.  266, 
2  ab. 

Chapadas  [sha-pa'-das],  narrow  plateaus  in 
Brazil,  III.  218,  2  ab. 

Chapala  [cha-pa'-la],  lake  of  Mexico,  IV.  266. 
Chapapote  [cM-pa-po'-ta],  kind  of  asplialtum, 
II.  672,  1  a;  V.  545,  1  be. 

Chapel,  IV.  266.  Origin  of  the  word,  2  b. 
Chapels  inaccessible  to  women,  2  c.  Knights 
of  the  chapel,  267,  1  be. 


CHAPELAIN 


CHARIOT 


183 


Chapelain,  Jean  [shap-lang],  French  poet,  IV. 

267. 

Chapel  of  the  angel ,  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  617, 1  ab. 
Chapel  of  Golgotha ,  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  616,  2  a. 
CnAPEL  Hill,  village  of  North  Carolina,  l’V.  267. 
Chapelle  du  damne  [sha-p&l  du  da-na],  in  Notre 
Dame,  Paris,  IV.  266,  2  c. 

Chapelles  ardentes  [sha-pSl  zar-dangt],  for  royal 
funerals,  IV.  267,  1  a. 

Chapelmaster ,  orchestra  leader,  IV.  267,  1  a. 
Cha'pin,  Edwin  Hubbell,  American  clergyman, 
IV.  267. 

Chapin,  Stephen,  American  clergyman,  IV.  268. 
Chapin,  William,  American  teacher  of  the 
blind,  IV.  268. 

Chaplet  :  see  Bead. 

Chaplin ,  Charles  Josuah  [shap-lang],  French 
painter,  IV.  252  (incorrectly,  Champlin). 
Chap'lin,  Jeremiah,  American  clergyman,  IV. 

268. 

Chapman,  George,  English  poet,  IV.  268. 
Translation  of  Homer,  2  b.  Imprisoned  by 
King  James  for  satirical  reflections  on 
Scotchmen,  2  c. 

Chapman,  John  Gadsby,  American  artist,  IV. 
268. 

Chapone,  Mrs.  [sha-pone'],  English  authoress, 
IV.  269. 

Chapoo',  seaport  of  China,  IV.  269. 
Chappagua  [chap'-pa-kwa] :  see  Gkeeley,  VIII. 
224,  2  c. 

Chappe,  Claude  [shap],  French  engineer  and 
mechanician,  IV.  269. 

Chappe  d’Atjteroche,  Jean  [shap  do-trush], 
French  astronomer,  IV.  269. 

Chapsal,  Charles  Pierre  [shap-sal],  French 
grammarian,  IV.  269. 

CnAPTAL,  Jean  Antoine  [shap-tal],  count  de 
Chanteloup,  French  chemist  and  statesman, 
IV.  269. 

Chapter,  of  a  cathedral  or  collegiate  church, 
IV.  270. 

Chapters  of  the  New  Testament ,  introduction 

of,  II.  612,  1  a. 

Chapultepeo  [cha-pool-ta-pek'],  fortress  of 
Mexico,  IV.  270  (ill.).  Its  capture  by  Gen. 
Scott,  2  c. 

Char,  fish :  see  Trout,  XVI.  8,  2  c. 

CnARA  [ka'-ra],  genus  of  aquatic  plants,  IV. 

270.  See  Calcareous  Springs,  III.  568, 1  b. 
Chara'cece :  see  Alg,e,  I.  800,  1  a. 

Charadri'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  617,  2  c. 
Chara'drius  (ornithology),  XIII.  618,  1  a.  C. 
Virginicus,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  pluvialis,  ib.  C. 


morinellus  and  other  species,  2  a,  if.  C. 
vociferus,  IX.  831,  1  c  (ill.). 

Charbar  Bay,  Beloochistan,  IV.  271. 
Charbonnerie  democratique  [shar-bun-re  da- 
mo-kra-teek],  secret  political  society,  III. 
771,  2  c. 

Charbonneries  [shar-bun-re] :  see  Carbonari, 

III.  771,  2  ab. 

Chap/coal,  IV.  271.  Physical  character  of, 

1  ab;  chemical,  2  a.  Absorption  of  gases 
by,  2  c.  Deoxidizing  power  of,  272,  1  c ; 
deodorizing,  2  ab  ;  antiseptic,  2  c.  Process  of 
charring,  273,  1  a;  ordinary  method,  274, 1  b. 
Charcoal  from  alder,  I.  268,  1  c.  See  Fuel, 

VII.  516,  2  be,  c ;  peat  charcoal,  2  c.  Tendency 
of  charcoal  to  spontaneous  combustion,  V. 
138, 1  a.  Animal  charcoal :  see  Bone  Black. 

Charcoal  iron,  for  gun  barrels,  VII.  356,  2  c. 
Chard  beet ,  II.  171,  2  be  (ill.). 

Chardin,  Jean  [shar-dang],  French  merchant 
and  traveller,  IV.  274. 

Chardin,  Jean  Baptiste  Simeon,  French  paint¬ 
er,  IV.  275. 

Chardon ,  county  seat,  VII.  655,  2  c. 

Charente  [sha-rangt],  department  of  France, 

IV.  275. 

Charente-Inferieure  [-ang-fa-re-ur],  depart¬ 
ment  of  France,  IV.  275. 

Charenton  -  le  -  Pont  [sha-rang-tong-luh-pong], 
town  of  France,  IV.  275. 
Charenton-St.-Maurice  [-sang-mo-reece],  vil¬ 
lage  of  France,  IV.  275. 

Chares  [ka'-reez],  Athenian  general,  IV.  275. 

Grecian  statuary,  276,  1  a. 

Charette  de  la  Contrie,  Francois  Athanase 
[sha-ret  dull  la  kong-tre],  Vendean  soldier, 
IV.  276. 

Char-Freitag  [kliar-frl'-tag],  (Good  Friday), 

VIII.  101,  1  a. 

Charge,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  ab.  Charged 
field,  ib.  Group  of  charges,  2  c.  Common 
charges,  673,  1  a.  Blazoning  of  charges, 

2  ab ;  in  fess,  in  pale,  &c.,  ib.  Charge  de- 
bruised  by  an  ordinary,  2  b.  Proper  charge, 
ib.  Charge  over  all,  2  be.  See  plate  (after 
p.  670). 

Charge  d’affaires  [shar-zha  daf-fair],  diplo¬ 
matic  agent,  IV.  276. 

Charica  [ka'-re-ka],  (botany),  XIII.  280,  2  a, 
C.  officinarum  and  C.  Roxburghii,  ib. 
Charing  Cross  [cha-ring],  in  London,  X.  594, 
2  ab. 

Chariot,  IV.  276.  Roman  chariot  (ill.),  2  b. 
British  chariot  (ill.),  277,  1  a. 


184 


CHARIOT 


CHARLES 


Chariot  of  Venus,  mollusk,  XI.  722,  1  c. 
Charis'ticaries,  in  Greek  ecclesiastical  his¬ 
tory,  IV.  277. 

Chakite,  La  [la  sha-re-ta],  town  of  France, 
IV.  276,  2  a. 

Chariton  [sha'-re-ton],  river,  IV.  277. 
Chariton,  county,  IV.  277. 

Chariton ,  county  seat,  X.  700,  2  c. 

Charity,  Brothers  of,  religious  order,  IV.  277. 
Charity,  Sisters  of,  religious  congregation,  IV. 

277.  In  Europe,  2  b ;  in  the  United  States, 
2  c.  Origin  of,  XIII.  176,  1  a. 

Charivari  [slia-re-va-re],  mock  serenade,  IV. 

278.  In  the  game  of  ombre,  1  b. 
Charlemagne,  emperor  of  the  West  [shar-le- 

main' ;  Fr.  sharl-many’J :  see  Charles  I. 
(Germany). 

Charlemont  [shar-luh-mongJ :  see  Givet. 
Charleroi  [shar-luh-rwa],  town  of  Belgium, 
IV.  278. 

Charleroy :  see  Charleroi. 

Charles,  county,  IV.  278. 

Charles,  name  of  sovereigns  and  princes,  IV. 
278. 

I.  OF  ENGLAND. 

Charles  I.,  IV.  278.  Inauspicious  marriage, 
2  c.  Autocratic  assumptions  and  acts,  279, 

1  be.  Petition  of  right,  1  c.  Court  of  the 
star  chamber  revived,  council  of  York,  aim 
the  high  commission,  2  be.  Ship  money, 

2  c.  Long  parliament,  280,  1  b.  Battle  of 
Naseby,  281,  1  a.  “Hempen  rope”  for  the 
parliamentary  generals,  1  b.  Trial  and  exe¬ 
cution,  281,  1  c,  2  a.  Place  of  his  confine¬ 
ment,  III.  789,  2  c.  Pealing  in  the  precious 
metals  claimed  as  a  prerogative  of  the  crown, 
and  forbidden  to  all  others,  XI.  739,  1  c. 

Charles  II.,  IV.  281.  Defeated  in  the  battle 
of  Worcester,  2  c.  Declaration  of  Breda, 
282, 1  a  and  b.  Restoration,  1  a.  Marriage, 
1  c ;  abuse  of  his  queen,  2  a.  Declara¬ 
tion  of  indulgence,  2  c.  Contests  with  par¬ 
liament,  283,  1  a.  Pensioned  by  Louis  XIV., 
ib.  Pretended  popish  plot,  1  b.  Rye  House 
plot,  1  c.  Declared  by  his  mistress  to  be  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and  absolved  by  a  Catholic 
priest,  2  a.  His  numerous  illegitimate  off¬ 
spring,  2  c.  His  purchase  of  Bass  Rock  as 
a  prison  for  Covenanters,  II.  372,  1  c.  His 
treachery:  see  Vane,  XVI.  260,  2  c. 

II.  OF  FRANCE. 

Charles  Martel,  IV.  284.  Origin  of  his  sur¬ 
name,  2  a. 


Charles  I.  (Charlemagne) :  see  Charles  I.  of 
Germany. 

Charles  II.,  the  Bald,  IV.  284. 

Charles  the  Fat  :  see  Charles  the  Fat,  Ger¬ 
many. 

Charles  III.,  the  Simple,  IV.  285. 

Charles  IV.,  the  Fair,  last  of  the  Capetians, 
IV.  285. 

Charles  V.,  the  Wise,  IV.  285. 

Charles  VI.,  the  Mad,  or  the  Beloved,  IV. 
285. 

Charles  VII.,  the  Victorious,  IV.  286. 

Charles  VIII.,  IV.  287. 

Charles  IX.,  IV.  287.  Massacre  of  St.  Bar¬ 
tholomew’s  day,  2  c. 

Charles  X.,  IV.  288.  Driven  into  exile,  289, 
2  a. 

III.  OF  GERMANY. 

Charles  I.,  Charlemagne,  or  Charles  the  Great, 
IV.  289;  VII.  379,  2  b.  Crowned  by  the 
Roman  pontiff,  IV.  290,  2  c.  Self-styled  em¬ 
peror  of  the  West,  ib.  Project  for  reestab¬ 
lishing  the  ancient  Roman  empire,  ib. :  see 
Irene,  IX.  363, 1  c.  Capitularies  of,  291, 1  b  ; 
XIII.  665,  2  b.  Favors  learning  and  popu¬ 
lar  education,  IV.  291,  2  a-b,  I.  50,  1  a; 
the  fine  arts,  IV.  291,  2  c ;  horticulture, 
IX.  5,  2  b.  His  tomb  and  relics,  I.  223,  2  c. 
Relations  with  Pope  Adrian  I.,  I.  131,  2  a  ; 
with  Pope  Leo  III.,  X.  346, 1  b.  His  power 
in  Brittany,  III.  300,  1  c. 

Charles  II. :  see  Charles  II.  of  France. 

Charles  III.,  the  Fat,  IV.  292. 

Charles  IV.,  emperor  of  Germany,  IV.  293. 
“  Golden  Bull,”  2  b. 

CnARLES  V.,  emperor  of  Germany  and  king  of 
Spain  as  Charles  I.,  IV.  294.  Crowned  em¬ 
peror,  2  ab.  Diet  of  Worms,  2  be ;  of  Augs¬ 
burg,  295,  2  be.  Nuremberg  agreement,  2  c. 
Smalcald  league,  2  c,  and  296,  1  be.  Treaty 
of  Passau,  1  c.  Abdication,  2  a ;  character¬ 
ization,  2  b.  Relations  of  Charles  V.  and 
Francis  I.  with  Leo  X.,  X.  348,  2  b. 

Charles  VI.,  emperor  of  Germany,  and  pre¬ 
tended  king  of  Spain  as  Charles  III.,  IV.  297. 
War  of  the  Spanish  succession,  2  b.  Peace 
of  Passarowitz,  298,  1  b.  His  pragmatic 
sanction,  1  c. 

Charles  VII.,  emperor  of  Germany,  IV.  298. 

IV.  OF  NAPLES. 

Charles  of  Anjoij,  king  of  Naples  and  Sicily. 
IV.  299.  See  I.  528,  1  a.  Charles  II.,  the 
Lame,  IV.  299,  2  be. 


CHARLES 


CHARLOTTE 


185 


Charles  III.,  king  of  Naples  and  Hungary,  IV. 
299. 

Y.  OF  SARDINIA. 

Charles  Albert,  IV.  300.  His  defeat  at  No¬ 
vara  and  abdication,  2  b. 

YI.  OF  SAVOY. 

Charles  Emanuel  I.,  the  Great,  IV.  300. 

«• 

VII.  OF  SPAIN. 

Charles  I. :  see  Charles  V.,  Germany. 
Charles  II.,  king  of  Spain,  IV.  301. 

Charles  III.,  king  of  Spain  and  of  the  Two 
Sicilies,  IV.  301. 

Charles  IV.,  king  of  Spain,  IV.  302.  See 
Godoy,  Manuel  de. 

VIII.  OF  SWEDEN. 

Charles  IX.,  IV.  302. 

Charles  X.,  Gustavus,  IV.  303  ;  IX.  650,  2  c. 

Charles  XI.,  IV.  304, 1  a;  XV.  509,  2  a. 
CnARLES  XII.,  IV.  304.  Victory  at  Narva,  2  b. 
Conquest  of  Poland  and  Saxony,  304,  2  c,  If. 
Invasion  of  Russia,  305, 1  c.  Defeat  at  Pol¬ 
tava,  2  b-c.  Intrigues  with  the  Turkish  gov¬ 
ernment,  2  c ;  efforts  to  get  rid  of  him,  306, 
1  c.  Failure  of  Baron  Gortz’s  policy,  2  b. 
His  death,  2  c.  Refuge  in  Bender,  II.  517, 
1  b.  His  treatment  of  Patkul,  XIII.  165,  2  c. 
Charles  XIII.,  IV.  307.  Made  king  in  place 
of  Gustavus  IV.,  2  ab. 

CnARLES  XIV.  John  :  see  Bernadotte. 
Charles  XV.,  king  of  Sweden  and  Norway, 
IV.  307. 

IX.  OF  WURTEMBERG. 

Charles  I.,  IV.  307. 

OTHER  PRINCES. 

Charles  IV.,  of  Anjou,  bequeaths  the  duchy 
of  Anjou  to  Louis  XI.  of  France,  I.  528,  1  a. 
Charles,  archduke  of  Austria,  IV.  308. 
Charles,  prince  of  Bavaria,  IV.  309. 

Charles  I.,  prince  of  Roumania,  IV.  309 ;  XIV. 
451,  2  c. 

CnARLES  Augustus,  grand  duke  of  Saxe-Wei- 
mar-Eisenach,  IV.  309. 

Charles  de  Blois,  duke  of  Brittany,  IV.  309. 
Charles  the  Bold,  duke  of  Burgundy,  IV.  309. 
War  with  Louis  XI.  of  France,  310,  2  a.  Ex¬ 
pedition  against  Switzerland,  2  c. 

Charles  Edward  (Stuart),  the  young  pretend¬ 
er,  IV.  311.  His  last  attempt  for  the  res¬ 
toration  of  the  Stuarts,  312,  1  a.  Count  of 


Albany,  2  c.  His  marriage  with  the  princess 
Louisa  of  Stolberg-Gedern,  ib.,  and  1. 248,  2  c. 
See  VII.  706,  1  b,  and  Macdonald,  Flora. 


CnARLES,  Jacques  Alexandre  C6sar  [sharl], 
French  physicist,  IV.  313. 

Charles  City,  county,  IV.  313. 

Charles  City ,  county  seat,  VII.  288,  2  c. 
Charles  City  Court  House ,  county  seat,  IV. 
313,  1  c. 

Charleses ,  the  three ,  so  called,  of  Sardinia,  III. 
114,  1  c. 

Charles  Mix,  county,  IV.  313. 

Charles  River,  Massachusetts,  IV.  313. 
Charles’s  Wain,  constellation,  IV.  313;  II. 
420,  2  a. 

Charleston,  county,  IV.  313. 

Charleston,  city  of  West  Virginia,  IV.  313. 
Charleston,  city  of  South  Carolina,  IV.  314; 
view,  315.  Commerce,  315,  2  c.  History, 
317, 1  a.  Defence  of,  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  X.  300,  1  b.  Fires  in  1861  and  1865, 
V.  237,  2  b. 

Charleston ,  county  seats,  IV.  638,  2  a  (or 
Charlestown)  ;  V.  52,  1  c ;  XI.  658,  2  c ; 
XV.  497,  2  a  ;  556,  2  c. 

Charlestown,  city  of  Massachusetts,  IV.  317. 

Navy  yard,  318, 1  c  (ill.).  History,  319, 1  a. 
Charlestown,  town  of  West  Virginia,  IV.  318. 
Charlestown  Village  (Woburn,  Mass.),  XVI. 
694,  1  ab. 

Charlet,  Nicolas  Toussaint  [shar-la],  French 
artist,  IV.  319. 

Charleton ,  William,:  see  Courten,  William, 
V.  433,  2  c. 

CnARLEviLLE  [shar-luh-veel],  town  of  France, 
IV.  319. 

Charlevoix  [shar-le-voi'],  county  of  Michigan, 
IV.  319. 

Charlevoix,  county  of  Canada,  IV.  320. 
Charlevoix ,  county  seat,  IV.  319,  2  c. 
Charlevoix,  Pierre  Francois  Xavier  de  [shar- 
liih-vwa],  French  historian,  critic,  and  trav¬ 
eller,  IV.  320. 

Charlock,  wild  mustard,  XII.  106, 1  c.  Jointed 
charlock,  XIV.  165,  1  c. 

Charlotte  [shar'-lut],  county  of  Virginia,  IV. 
320. 

Charlotte,  city  of  North  Carolina,  IV.  320. 
Charlotte,  county  of  New  Brunswick,  IV.  320. 
Charlotte ,  county  seats,  VI.  91,  2  be ;  381,  1  b. 
Charlotte ,  daughter  of  J6rome  Bonaparte,  III. 
31,  2  b.  Daughter  of  Lucien  Bonaparte,  34, 
2  be. 


186 


CHARLOTTE 


CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT 


Charlotte  Amalie  [shar-lot'  a-mA-le-ffii] :  see 
Saint  Thomas,  XIV.  555,  1  be. 

Charlotte  Augusta  (Princess  Charlotte  of 
England),  IV.  320. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  inlet  of  Florida,  IV.  321. 
Charlottenburg  [shar-lut'-ten-boorg],  town 
of  Prussia,  IV.  321.  Royal  palace,  1  a  (ill.). 
Charlottesville,  town  of  Virginia,  IV.  321. 
Charlottetown,  capital  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  IV.  321. 

Charlton,  county,  IV.  321. 

Charma,  Antoine  [shar-ma],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  IV.  321. 

Charmosyna  [kar-moz'-e-na],  (ornithology),  X. 

644,  1  b.  C.  Papuensis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Charolais ,  count  of  [sha-ruh-la],  (Charles  the 
Bold),  IV.  309,  2  c. 

Charon  [ka'-ron],  in  Greek  mythology,  IV. 
321  (ill.,  322). 

Charonian  steps:  see  Theatre,  XV.  685,  2  be. 
Charon's  ditches ,  excavations,  VIII.  269,  2  a. 
Charost,  Armand  Joseph  de  B6thune,  duke 
de  [sha-ro],  French  philanthropist,  IV.  322. 
Charpentier' s  theory  of  glacial  motion ,  VII. 
829,  2  c. 

Charpoy ,  East  Indian  mattress,  II.  444,  2  ab. 
Charras,  Jean  Baptiste  Adolphe  [sha-ra], 
French  officer  and  military  writer,  IV.  322. 
Charred  barrels ,  for  preserving  water  fresh,  II. 
585,  1  b. 

Charred  coal ,  V.  35,  1  b. 

Charriere,  or  Charrieres,  Isabelle  Agnete  de 
Saint-Hyacinthe  de  [duh  shar-yair],  French 
authoress,  IV.  322. 

Charron,  Pierre  [sha-rons],  French  author,  IV. 
322. 

Charta  bombycina  [kar'-ta  bom-bis'-e-na],  cot¬ 
ton  paper,  XIII.  51,  1  b. 

Chartce  jurata ?,  and  other  mediaeval  charters, 

IV.  323,  1  a. 

Charter,  IV.  323.  Mediaeval  charters,  1  a. 
Charter  government,  1  b.  Charters  of  his¬ 
torical  interest,  ib.  Case  of  Dartmouth  col¬ 
lege,  2  ab  ;  V.  696,  1  a.  “  People’s  charter” 
in  England,  IV.  324,  1  c.  Meaning  of  the 
word,  X.  849,  1  a. 

Chartered  property,  inviolability  of  established, 

V.  696,  1  a. 

Charterer ,  IV.  324,  1  ab ;  XIV.  870,  1  be. 
Charterhouse,  a  school  and  charity  of  Lon¬ 
don,  IV.  323  (ill.).  School  removed,  X.  604, 

1  c. 

Charter  of  Connecticut ,  I.  488,  1  c ;  V.  261, 
1  a,  ff ;  VIII.  489,  1  be. 


“  Charter  of  Liberties :  ”  see  Magna  Charta. 

Charter  oak,  allusion  to,  I.  488,  1  c. 

Charter  Party,  IV.  324 ;  XIV.  870,  1  a. 

Chartier,  Alain  [shar-tya],  French  writer,  IV. 
324. 

Chartism,  English  political  creed,  IV.  324. 
Six  points  of,  1  c. 

Chartomancy  [kar'-to-man-se] :  see  Divina¬ 
tion,  VI.  154,  1  b. 

Chartoph’ylax,  officer  in  the  Greek  church, 
IV.  326,  1  a. 

CnARTRES  [shartr’J,  city  of  France,  IV.  324. 
Cathedral  of,  2  c  (ill.). 

Chartres,  Eobert  Philippe  Louis  Eugene  Fer¬ 
dinand  d’Orleans,  duke  de,  IV.  325. 

Chartreuse  [shar-truz],  name  of  various  Car¬ 
thusian  monasteries,  IV.  325.  La  Grande 
Chartreuse,  2  a  (ill.) ;  liqueur  of,  2  c. 

Chartreuse  cat ,  IV.  92,  2  a. 

Chartularies  [kar'-tu-la-riz],  ancient  church 
record  books,  IV.  325. 

Chartulary,  ecclesiastical  officer,  IV.  325,  2  c. 

Charybdis  and  Scylla  [ka-rib'-dis,  sil'-la],  two 
mythical  monsters,  IV.  326.  A  whirlpool 
and  a  rock,  1  a. 

Chasdim  [kas'-dim],  Hebrew  name  of  the  Chal¬ 
dees,  II.  189,  1  a;  IV.  228,  2  a. 

Chase,  county,  IV.  326. 

Chase ,  in  printing,  XIII.  850,  1  a. 

Chase,  Irah,  American  clergyman  and  scholar, 
IV.  326. 

Chase,  Philander,  American  bishop,  IV.  326. 

Chase,  Salmon  Portland,  American  statesman 
and  jurist,  IV.  326.  Opposition  to  slavery, 
327,  1  a,  ff.  U.  S.  senator,  2  c.  Governor 
of  Ohio,  328,  1  c.  Secretary  of  the  treasury, 
2  a.  Financial  policy  during  the  civil  wrar, 
ib.  Chief  justice,  2  b. 

Chase,  Samuel,  American  jurist,  IV.  328. 

Chasekes  [kas'-e-keez],  a  waywode  of  Athens, 
II.  58,  1  a. 

Chaska,  county  seat,  IV.  45,  2  a. 

Chasles,  Michel  [shal],  French  mathematician, 
IV.  329.  His  principle  of  duality  and  prin¬ 
ciple  of  homography,  VII.  702,  1  be. 

Chasles,  Victor  Euph6mion  Philarete,  French 
author,  IV.  329. 

Chasse,  David  Hendrik,  baron  [shas-sa],  Dutch 
general,  IV.  330  ;  II.  491,  2  be,  and  492,  1  a 
and  c. 

Chasselasde  Fontainebleau ,  grapes,  VII.  304, 1  c. 

Chasseloup-Laubat,  Francois  de,  marquis 
[shas-loo-lo-ba],  French  soldier,  IV.  330. 
Justin  Prudent  de,  count  and  marquis,  sol- 


CHASSEPOT 


CHAUCI 


187 


dier,  1  c.  Justin  Napoleon  Samuel  Prosper 
de,  marquis,  statesman,  2  a. 

Chassepot,  Antoine  Alphonse  [shas-po],  French 
inventor,  IV.  330. 

Chassepot  gun ,  XIV.  331,  1  c  (ill.) ;  I.  750,  2  b. 

Ciiastel,  Jean  [slia-tel] :  see  Chatel. 

Ciiastelain,  Georges  [shat-lang],  the  Adven¬ 
turous,  French  chronicler  and  poet,  IV.  330. 

Ciiastelard,  Pierre  de  Boscobel  de  [shat-lar], 
French  poet,  IV.  331. 

Chasteler,  Jean  Gabriel  Joseph  Albert,  mar¬ 
quis  de  [shat-la],  French  general,  IV.  331. 

Chastellain :  see  Chastelain. 

Chastellux,  Francois  Jean,  marquis  de  [sha- 
tel-liix],  French  military  officer  and  man  of 
letters,  IV.  331. 

Chas'uble,  ecclesiastical  vestment,  IV.  332. 

Ciiat,  bird,  IV.  332. 

Chateau,  feudal  castle  (castellum) :  see  Cha- 
teau-Thierry,  IV.  335,  1  c. 

Chateaubriand,  Frangois  Auguste,  viscount 
de  [sha-td-bre-ang],  French  author  and  states¬ 
man,  IV.  332.  Sainte-Beuve’s  analysis  of 
his  political  life,  333, 1  c.  His  relations  with 
Mme.  R6camier,  XIV.  229,  2  be. 

Chdteaul)riant,  castle  of,  IV.  334,  1  c.  Edicts 
of,  by  Henry  II.,  VIII.  654,  1  ab. 

Chateaubriant,  Frangoise  de  Foix,  countess 
de,  mistress  of  Francis  I.,  IV.  334. 

Chateaudun  [sha-to-du.ng],  town  of  France, 
IV.  334.  Castle  of  the  counts  Dunois,  1  c. 
Viscounts  of,  2  a. 

Chateau-Gontier  [-gong-tya],  town  of  France, 
IV.  334. 

Chateauguay  [-ga],  county  of  Canada,  IV. 
334.  Battle  of,  2  b. 

Chateauguay,  Sieur  de :  see  Le  Moyne. 

Chdteau  Haut-Brion  [o-bre-ang],  wine,  VII.  410, 
2  c;  411,  1  c. 

Chdteau  Laffitte  [la-feet],  wine,  VII.  410,  2  c. 

Chdteau  Latour  [la-toor],  wine,  VII.  410,  2  c. 

Chdteau  de  Madrid  [duh  ma-dre],  restaurant 
in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  III.  154,  1  be. 

Chdteau  Margaux  [mar-go],  wine,  VII.  410, 
2  c ;  411,  1  be. 

Chdteauneuf-du-Pape  [-nuf-dii-pap],  wines  of, 

VII.  412,  1  a. 

Chateauroux  [-roo],  town  of  France,  IV.  334. 
Ancient  castle,  prison  of  the  princess  de 
Cond6,  2  c. 

Chateauroux,  Marie  Anne,  duchess  de,  favor¬ 
ite  of  Louis  XV.,  IV.  334. 

Chdteau  Suduiraut  [su-dii-e-ro],  wine,  VII. 
411,  2  a. 


CnATEAu-TniERRY  [-ty air-re],  town  of  France, 
IV.  335. 

Chdteau  Yquem  [e-kang],  wine,  VII.  411,  1  c. 
Chatel,  Ferdinand  Toussaint  Frangois,  abb6 
[sha-tel],  French  religious  reformer,  IV.  335  ; 
VII.  579,  1  a. 

Chatel,  Jean,  French  fanatic,  IV.  335. 
Chdtelar :  see  Chastelard. 

Chatelet  [shat-la],  name  of  two  fortresses  in 
Paris,  IV.  335.  Grand  Chatelet,  2  c.  Petit 
Chatelet,  336,  1  a. 

CnATELET,  Madame  du :  see  Du  Chatelet. 
Clidtelherault  [sha-ta-la-ro],  duke  of,  I.  764, 1  a. 
Chatellerault  [sha-tel-ro],  town  of  France, 
IV.  336. 

Chatham  [chat'-um],  two  counties,  IV.  336. 
Chatham,  town  of  Canada,  IV.  336. 

Chatham,  town  of  Massachusetts,  IV.  336. 
Chatham,  town  of  Hew  Brunswick,  IV.  336. 
Chatham,  borough  of  England,  IV.  337.  Naval 
establishment,  2  b  (ill.). 

Chatham,  Earl  of:  see  Pitt,  William. 
Chatham  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  IV.  337. 
Chati  [cha'-te],  species  of  cat,  IV.  337  (ill.). 
CnATiLLON  -  sur  -  Seine  [sha-te-yong-sur-sain], 
town  of  France,  IV.  338. 

Chatmoss,  a  peat  swamp,  England,  II.  779, 1  b; 

X.  134,  1  c;  XV.  375,  1  c. 

Ciiatre,  La  [la  shatr’],  town  of  France,  IV.  338. 
Chats  [sha],  French  name  of  the  Eries  (In¬ 
dians),  VI.  714,  1  b. 

Chats'worth,  estate  of  the  duke  of  Devon¬ 
shire,  IV.  338.  Chatsworth  house,  2  be  (ill.) ; 
II.  229,  2  a. 

Chattah,  object  of  Buddhist  devotion,  III.  790, 
2  a. 

Chattahoo'chee,  river  of  Georgia,  IV.  338. 
Chattahoochee,  county,  IV.  339. 
Chattanoo'ga,  city  of  Tennessee,  IV.  339. 
Battle  of  Lookout  mountain,  2a;  of  Mis¬ 
sionary  ridge,  2  b.  See  VIII.  158,  2  a. 
Chattels,  personal  property,  IV.  339. 
Chatterer ,  bird,  XI.  87,  2  c  (red  manakin) ; 

XVI.  517,  2  b  (Bohemian  waxwing). 
Chatterton,  Thomas,  English  poet,  IV.  340. 
Ghatti  [kat'-te] :  see  Catti. 

Chattoo'ga,  name  of  two  rivers,  IV.  341. 
Chattooga,  county,  IV.  341. 

Chatuga  [cha-too'-ga],  river:  see  Chattooga,, 
CnAucER,  Geoffrey,  English  poet,  IV.  341 ;  VI. 
633,  1  c.  His  indebtedness  to  Boccaccio, 
II.  769,  1  a. 

Chauci  [kaw'-sl],  German  tribe,  IV.  342 ; 
VII.  501,  1  a.  ^ 


188 


CHAUDES-AIGUES 


CHEEVER 


Chaudes-Aigues  [shode-zaig],  watering  place 
of  France,  IV.  342. 

Chattdet,  Antoine  Denis  [sho-da],  French 
artist,  IV.  343.  Jeanne  Elisabeth  Gabiou, 
painter,  1  b. 

Chaudiere  [sliode-yair],  river  of  Canada,  IV. 
343;  II.  424,  1  a.  Falls  of  the,  IY.  343,  1  c, 
2  a  (ill.).  Chaudiere  falls,  XII.  734,  2  b. 

Chaudon,  Dom  Louis  Maieul  [sho-dong],  French 
author,  IY.  343.  Esprit  Joseph,  author,  2  b. 

Chauffepie,  Jacques  Georges  de  [shofe-pya], 
Franco-Dutch  divine,  IY.  343. 

Chauffeurs  [sho-fur],  French  brigands,  IY. 

343. 

Chaulelasmus  [kaw-le-las'-mus],  (ornithology), 
YII.  551,  2  b.  C.  streperus,  552,  1  a  (ill., 
551). 

Chauliac,  Gui  de  [sho-lyak],  French  surgeon, 
IY.  344. 

Chaulieu ,  Gui  de  [sho-lyuh] :  see  Chatjliao. 

Chaulieu,  Guillaume  Amfrye  de,  French  poet, 
IY.  344. 

Chaumette,  Pierre  Gaspard  [sho-met],  French 
revolutionist,  IY.  344. 

Chaumonot,  or  Chaumonnot,  Pierre  Marie 
Joseph  [sho-muh-nd],  French  missionary, 
IY.  344. 

Chaumont,  or  Chaumont-en-Bassigny  [sho- 
mong-tang-bas-se-nye],  town  of  France,  IY. 

344.  Castle  of  (ill.). 

Chaunoey,  Isaac  [chan'-se],  American  naval 
officer,  IY.  345. 

Chattncy,  Charles,  president  of  Harvard  col¬ 
lege,  IY.  345.  Charles,  clergyman,  2  ab. 
Charles,  jurist,  2  b.  Charles,  lawyer,  2  c. 

Chauny  [sho-ne],  town  of  France,  IY.  345. 

Chaus  (zoology) :  see  Lynx,  X.  754,  2  c. 

Chaussard,  Pierre  Jean  Baptiste  [sho-sarl, 
French  author,  IY.  346. 

Chaussees  de  Brunehaut  [sho-sa  duh  brii-no], 
Roman  roads  in  France,  II.  403,  1  b. 

Chautau'qua,  county,  IY.  346. 

Chautauqua  Lake,  New  York,  IY.  346. 

Chauveau,  Pierre  J.  O.  [sho-vo],  Canadian 
statesman  and  author,  IY.  346. 

Chauveau-Lagarde,  Claude  Francois  [la-gard], 
French  advocate,  IY.  346. 

Chauvenet,  William  [sho'-vuh-na],  American 
mathematician  and  astronomer,  IY.  346.  His 
great  circle  protractor,  XII.  181,  1  c. 

Chauvin ,  Nicolas  [sho-vang],  French  grenadier, 
IY.  347,  1  ab. 

Chauvinism  [sho'-vin-ism],  French  political 
term,  IY.  347. 


Chaux-de-Fonds,  La  [la  sho-duh-fong],  borough 
of  Switzerland,  IY.  347. 

Chavee,  Honor6  Joseph  [sha-va],  Belgian  phi¬ 
lologist,  IY.  347. 

Chaves  [sha'-vess],  town  of  Portugal,  IY.  347. 

Chaves,  Manoel  de  Silveyra  Pinto  de  Fonseca, 
marquis  of,  Portuguese  general  and  states¬ 
man,  IY.  347. 

Ghayla ,  able  du  [dii  sha-la],  French  persecu¬ 
tor,  III.  657,  2  ab. 

Chazal,  Antoine  [sha-zal],  French  painter  and 
designer,  IY.  347.  Charles  Camille,  paint¬ 
er,  348,  1  a. 

Che,  Chinese  musical  instrument,  XII.  86,  1  c. 

Cheapside ,  London,  X.  593,  2  c. 

Cheat ,  grass,  IY.  384,  1  c;  YIII.  169,  1  ab ; 
XYI.  587,  1  c. 

Cheatham  [cheet'-um],  county,  IY.  348. 

Cheat  River,  West  Yirginia,  IY.  348. 

Chebar  [ke'-bar],  river  of  Asia,  YII.  49,  1  ab. 

Cheboygan  [she-boi'-gan],  county,  IY.  348. 

Check'erberry  :  see  Partridge  Berry,  XIII. 
143,  2  b,  and  Wintergreen,  XYI.  674,  1  c, 
2  ab. 

Cheddar  cheese,  IY.  350,  1  c  and  2  c.  Cream 
Cheddar,  351,  2  c. 

Chedorlaomer  [ked-or-la'-o-mer],  king  of  Elam, 
IY.  230,  2  a;  YI.  485,  2  a. 

OhIsdotel  [sha-duh-tel],  French  navigator,  IV. 
348. 

Chedu'ba,  island,  bay  of  Bengal,  IY.  348. 

Chee-foo',  town  of  China,  IY.  348. 

Cheek  restorers,  in  dentistry,  YI.  24,  2  b. 

Cheese,  IY.  348.  Analysis  of  good  milk,  and 
of  cheese  from  it,  349,  1  a.  Preparation  of 
rennet,  1  b  ;  theory  of  its  action,  1  c.  Ma¬ 
king  cheese  with  rennet,  350,  1  b.  Cheddar 
cheese  making,  1  c  and  2  c.  Floating  curds, 

351,  1  b.  Skim-milk  cheese,  1  c.  Coagula¬ 
tion  by  hydrochloric  acid,  2  ab.  European 
varieties  of  cheese,  2  c.  Neufchatel,  Brie, 
Stilton,  and  cream  Cheddar,  ib.  Gruyere, 

352,  1  b.  Schweitzerkase,  1  c.  Sour-milk 
cheese,  ib. ;  Limburg,  2  b.  Annotto,  2  c. 
Poisoning  by  cheese,  ib.  Statistics,  353, 1  a. 
See  I.  317, 1  a.  Parmesan  cheese,  X.  573, 1  c. 

Cheeses ,  vegetable,  XI.  66,  2  be  (Mallow). 

Cheeshahteaumuck,  Caleb,  Indian  graduate 
of  Harvard  college,  IY.  353. 

Cheesy  degeneration ,  of  the  lungs  in  consump¬ 
tion,  Y.  283,  1  a. 

Cheever,  Ezekiel,  American  teacher,  IY.  353. 

Cheever,  George  Barrell,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  IY.  353.  “Deacon  Giles’s  Dis* 


CHEGORMEGOX 


CHENIER 


189 


tillery,”  2  b.  Henry  Theodore,  clergyman 
and  author,  354,  1  a. 

Ghegormegon,  Lake  Superior,  Jesuit  mission 
at,  I.  335,  1  a. 

Cheha'lis,  county,  IV.  354. 

Cheiloplasty  [kl'-lo-plas-te],  surgical  operation, 
II.  156,  2  b. 

Glieiranthus  cheiri  [kl-ran'-thus  ki'-re],  (bot¬ 
any),  XVI.  438,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cheiromys  [kl'-],  (zoology),  II.  168,  1  c.  0. 
Madagascaricus  (ill.),  2  b. 

Cheiroptera  [ki-rop'-te-ra] :  see  Bat. 

Cheirothe'rium  [ki-] :  see  Labyrinthodon, 
and  VII.  342,  1  a,  507,  2  a. 

Cheke,  Sir  John,  English  scholar,  IV.  354. 

Chekiang-',  province  of  China,  IV.  354. 

Chelard,  Hippolyte  Andre  Jean  Baptiste 
[shuh-lar],  French  composer,  IV.  354. 

Chelcic  Brethren ,  religious  society,  II.  786,  2  c. 

Ghelerethrine  [ke-ler'-e-thrin],  active  principle 
of  celandine,  IV.  167,  2  b-c. 

Chelidonium  majus  [kel-e-do'-ne-um],  (botany), 
IV.  167,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ghelifer  [kel'-e-fer],  book  scorpion,  XIV.  697, 
2  a. 

Chelmsford, Frederick  Thesiger,  baron  [cliems'- 
furd],  English  lawyer,  IV.  355.  Frederick 
Augustus  Thesiger,  military  officer,  1  b. 

Ghelone  glabra  [ke-lo'-ne],  (botany),  XV.  131, 
1  be. 

Chelonia  midas  (zoology),  XVI.  80,  1  a  (ill.). 

Ghelonians ,  class  of  reptiles,  XV.  664,  1  c. 

Ghelonu'ra  (zoology),  XV.  131,  1  c. 

Chelsea  [chel'-se],  city  of  Massachusetts,  IV. 
553. 

Chelsea,  borough  of  England,  IV.  355.  Hos¬ 
pital,  2  c ;  foundation  of,  VIII.  350,  2  a. 

Ghelsea ,  county  seat,  XII.  665,  1  b. 

Cheltenham  [chelt'-num],  town  of  England, 
IV.  356.  Cheltenham  college,  1  c  (ill.). 
Mineral  springs,  2  a. 

Chelydra  serpentina  [kel'-e-dra],  (zoology), 
XV.  131,  1  c  (ill.). 

Ghelys  [ke'-lis],  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  b. 

Ghelys ,  kind  of  bass  viol,  XVI.  366,  2  c. 

Ghemical  affinities,  origin  and  development  of 
the  theory,  II.  558,  2  b.  See  Affinity, 
Chemical,  and  Cohesion,  V.  20,  2  c. 

Ghemical  attraction ,  I.  158,  1  c  (Affinity, 
Chemical). 

Ghemical  balance ,  II.  233, 1  c  (ill.). 

Ghemical  compounds ,  Hunt’s  theory  of  their 
origin,  IX.  69,  2  be. 

Chemical  elements ,  XI.  716,  1  a. 


Chemical  equivalence,  II.  86,  1  b ;  88,  2  a. 

Ghemical  gilding ,  VII.  808,  1  b. 

Ghemical  notation ,  Berzelius’s,  II.  87,  2  b. 

Ghemical  operations,  lamps  for,  X.  130,  2  ab. 

Ghemical  powder,  Schultze’s,  VII.  36,  1  b. 

Chemical  proportion ,  discoverer  of  the  law  of, 
II.  589,  1  ab. 

Chemical  types,  theory  of,  II.  88,  1  b. 

Chemicking,  a  process  in  bleaching,  II.  704, 1  c. 

Chemistry  [kem'-is-tre],  IV.  356.  Influence 
of  Aristotle’s  views,  357,  1  b.  Theories  and 
discoveries  of  the  alchemists,  2  ab ;  I.  260, 
2  c  ;  261,  1  a,  b.  First  chemical  theory,  IV. 
357,  2  be.  Views  of  Albertus  Magnus,  358, 
1  c ;  of  Basil  Valentine,  2  b ;  of  Paracelsus 
and  others  of  the  16th  century,  359,  1  a. 
Modern  chemistry,  360,  1  c.  Rational  no¬ 
menclature  originated,  364,  1  a.  Dalton’s 
atomic  theory,  365,  2  c.  Gay-Lussac’s  law 
of  combining  volumes,  366,  1  be.  Recent 
French  chemists,  368,  2  ab.  A  new  epoch 
indicated,  370,  1  ab.  Allotropism,  2  a. 
Establishment  of  the  first  chemical  works: 
see  Chaptal,  IV.  269,  2  c. 

Chemistry ,  the  new ,  arrangement  of  elements, 
II.  88,  1  c. 

Chemmis  [kem'-mis] :  see  Cheops. 

Cliemnitius :  see  Chemnitz,  Martin. 

Chemnitz  [kem'-nits],  city  of  Saxony,  IV.  371. 

Chemnitz,  Martin,  German  reformer,  IV.  371. 
Philipp  Bogislav  von,  historian,  372,  1  b. 

Chemnitzer,  Ivan  Ivanovitch,  Russian  fabulist, 
IV.  372. 

CnEMosn  [ke'-mosh],  Semitic  idol,  IV.  372. 

Ghemo'sis,  in  ophthalmia,  XII.  645,  1  a. 

Chemung  [she-mung'],  county,  IV.  372. 

Chenab :  see  Chenaub. 

ChenaV opex  [ke-],  (ornithology),  VIII.  105, 
1  a.  C.  iEgyptiacus,  ib. 

Chenango  [she-nang'-go],  county,  IV.  372. 

Chenango  River,  New  York,  IV.  373. 

Chenapan  or  snaphaunce ,  lock  of  a  musket 
(ill.),  XII.  98,  1  b. 

Chenappatam' ,  original  name  of  Madras,  X. 
832,  1  c. 

Chenaub',  river  of  Hindostan,  IV.  373. 

Chenav ard,  Paul  [shuh-na-var],  French  paint¬ 
er,  IV.  373. 

Chendaree',  town  of  Hindostan,  IV.  373. 

CnEN'Evix,  Richard,  Irish  author  and  chemist, 
IV.  373. 

Cheng,  Chinese  organ,  XIV.  242,  1  c. 

CnENiER,  Louis  do  [sha-nya],  French  histo¬ 
rian,  IV.  373.  Andr6  Marie  de,  poet,  2  be. 


190 


CHENONCEAUX 


CHESTERFIELD 


Marie  Joseph,  poet,  374,  1  ab.  Chant  du 
depart ,  1  b. 

Chenonceaux,  Castle  of  [shiih-no^-so] :  see 
Blere,  II.  710,  2  c  (ill.,  711). 

Chenopis  atra'ta  [ken'-o-pis],  (ornithology), 
XV.  501,  1  a. 

Chenopodia' cece  [ke-],  (botany),  XIII.  509,  1  b. 
Chenopo'dium  (botany),  XIII.  508,  2  ab.  C. 
album,  509,  1  a  (ill.,  508).  C.  ambrosioides 
or  anthelminticum,  XVI.  730,  1  c  (ill.).  C. 
quinoa,  VI.  34,  2  c;  XIII.  338,  1  c. 

Chenot,  Claude  Bernard  Adrien  [shuh-no], 
French  engineer,  IV.  374. 

Cheops  [ke'-ops],  king  of  Egypt,  IV.  374. 

Pyramid  of,  XI Y.  105,  1  c  (ill.). 

Chep'stow,  town  of  England,  IY.  375.  Castle 
of,  1  b  (ill.). 

Chequy  [chek'-e],  in  heraldry,  YIII.  673,  1  a. 

See  plate  (after  p.  670). 

Cher  [shair],  river  of  France,  IY.  375. 

Cher,  department  of  France,  IY.  375. 
Cherasco  [ka-ras'-ko],  town  of  Italy,  IY.  375. 
Cherbourg  [shair-boor],  seaport  of  France,  IV. 
375  ;  view,  376.  Breakwater,  2  be ;  III. 
235,  1  b  (ill.,  236).  Destruction  of  the  Ala¬ 
bama  by  the  Kearsarge,  IY.  376,  2  c. 
Cherbuliez,  Antoine  Elis6e  [shair-bii-lya], 
Swiss  political  economist,  IY.  376.  Victor, 
author,  377,  1  ab.  Andre  and  Joel,  writers, 

1  a.  Adrienne  and  Caroline,  writers,  ib. 
Mme.  Tourte-Cherbuliez,  novelist,  ib. 

Cheri,  Rose  Marie  Cizos  [sha-re],  French  ac¬ 
tress,  IY.  377. 

Chermars ,  degraded  class  in  Malabar,  XI.  47, 

2  ab. 

Cher'okee,  six  counties,  IY.  377. 

Cherokee ,  county  seat,  IY.  377,  2  c. 
Cherokees,  Indian  tribe,  IY.  378.  A  Chero¬ 
kee  (ill.),  ib.  Cherokee  agency,  treaty  of, 
379,  1  be.  Removal  from  Georgia,  2  a;  IX. 
493, 1  be.  Cherokee  alphabet,  YIII.  300, 1  b. 
Cheroot  [sh e-root'],  IY.  579, 1  ab  ;  XV.  782,  2  c. 
Cherry,  fruit  tree,  IY.  380.  Common  cherry, 
1  b  (ill.).  American  wild  cherry,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Choke  cherry,  2  c.  European  wild  cherry, 
381,  1  a. 

Cherry ,  ground  or  winter ,  XIII.  481,  1  b. 
Cherry  birch ,  II.  648,  1  a. 

Cherry  Laurel,  evergreen  shrub,  IY.  381  (ill.). 
Cherry  pie  (heliotrope),  YIII.  620,  2  ab. 
Cherry-tree  gum ,  YIII.  321,  1  be. 

Cherson  :  see  Kherson. 

Chersonese  [kur-so-neece'] :  see  Chersonesus. 
Cheesone'sus,  peninsula,  IY.  381.  Thracian, 


2  a.  Tauric,  2  ab ;  Y.  484,  2  c.  Cimbric, 
IY.  381,  2  b ;  IX.  730,  1  a.  Aurea  Cherso- 
nesus,  IY.  381,  2  be;  XI.  59,  1  c. 

Chert'sey,  town  of  England,  IY.  381. 

Cher'ub,  symbolical  figure,  IY.  382.  Cheru¬ 
bim,  1  a. 

Cherubini ,  Laertius  [ka-roo-be'-ne],  Roman 
lawyer,  III.  719,  2  b. 

Cherubini,  Maria  Luigi  Carlo  Zenobio  Salva¬ 
tore,  Italian  composer,  IY.  382 ;  XII.  92, 1  c. 

Cherusci  [ke-rus'-sl],  ancient  German  tribe, 
IY.  383. 

Chervin,  Nicolas  [shair-vang],  French  physi¬ 
cian,  IY.  383. 

Chery,  Philippe  [sha-re],  French  painter,  IY. 
383. 

Ches'apeake ,  IT.  S.  frigate,  captured  by  the 
British  ship  Leopard,  II.  338,  1  a,  if. 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal ,  III.  686,  1  a. 

Chesapeake  and  Shannon ,  naval  engagement  of 
the :  see  Broke,  HI.  306,  and  Lawrence,  X. 
234,  1  c. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  United  States,  IY.  383. 

Chesebro'1,  Caroline,  American  authoress,  IY. 
383. 

Cheshire  [chesh'-er],  county  of  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  IY.  383. 

Cheshire,  county  of  England,  IY.  384. 

Chesne,  Andre  du :  see  Duchesne. 

Chesney,  Francis  Rawdon,  English  soldier, 
IY.  384. 

Chess,  and  Brome  Grass,  plants,  IY.  384  (ill.). 
Soft  chess,  385,  1  a  (ill.).  See  YIII.  169, 
1  b ;  XYI.  587,  1  c. 

Chess,  a  game,  IY.  385.  Modern  chess,  2  a. 
Writers  on  it,  2  ab.  Chess  board,  2  c  (ill., 
386).  Rules,  and  the  laws  of  the  game,  386, 
1  b.  Openings,  and  their  inventors,  2  a 
Problems,  2  c. 

Chest,  of  the  human  body,  IY.  387.  Its 
cavities,  1  c. 

Chester,  two  counties,  IY.  387. 

Chester ,  county  seat,  XI Y.  199,  2  b. 

Chester ,  county  of  England :  see  Cheshire. 

Chester,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  IY.  388. 

Chester,  city  of  England,  IY.  388.  Walls  of, 
1  be.  Watergate  row  (ill.),  2  a.  Stanley 
house,  2  a  (ilk).  Castle,  2  c ;  proposed  at¬ 
tack  on  by  Fenians,  VII.  128,  1  a.  St. 
John’s  collegiate  church,  IY.  389,  1  a.  Earl 
of  Chester,  title  of  the  prince  of  Wales,  1  c. 

Chesterfield,  two  counties,  IY.  389. 

Chesterfield,  town  of  England,  IY.  389. 

Chesterfield,  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope,  earl 


CHESTERFIELD 


CHICKEN 


191 


of,  English  statesman,  IV.  389.  Bill  for  the 
reformation  of  the  calendar,  390,  1  a.  His 
letters,  ib.  Lord  Chesterfield  and  Dr.  John¬ 
son,  IX.  664,  1  ab ;  665,  2  a. 

Chesterfield  Court  House,  county  seats,  IV. 
389,  2  a,  b  (two). 

Chesterfield  Inlet,  IV.  390. 

Ciiester-le-Street,  parish  of  England,  IV.  390. 

Chestertown ,  county  seat,  IX.  793,  2  b. 

Chesterville ,  county  seat,  IV.  388,  1  a. 

Chestnut  [ches'-nut],  tree,  IV.  390  (ill.).  Use 
of  in  landscape  painting,  2  ab.  Chestnut 
tree  on  Mt.  Etna,  2  be  (ill.,  391).  Oldest  in 
England,  390,  2  c ;  in  France,  ib. :  see  I. 
184,  2  a.  Chinquapin  (an  American  species), 
IV.  391,  2  b  (ill.).  Sweet  chestnut  of  Mt. 
Etna,  I.  184,  1  a. 

Chestnut  ridge ,  in  the  Appalachian  mountains, 
I.  590,  2  b,  c. 

Chetah  :  see  Leopard,  X.  355,  1  a. 

Chetore' :  see  Chitore. 

Chevalier,  Michel  [shuh-va-lya],  French  po¬ 
litical  economist,  IV.  391 ;  VI.  595,  2  b,  c ; 
XIII.  678,  1  c. 

Chevalier ,  Sulpice  Guillaume  Paul ,  carica¬ 
turist  :  see  Gavarni. 

Chevalier  dHon :  see  Lon  de  Beaumont. 

Chevalier  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche  [shuh-va- 
lya  sang  pur  a  sang  ruh-prush],  II.  406,  2  b. 

Chevalier  of  St.  George  [shev-a-leer'],  assumed 
name,  IX.  521,  1  b. 

Cheverus,  Jean  Louis  Anne  Madeleine  Le- 
febvre  de  [shev'-e-rus ;  Fr.  shuh-vriis],  first 
Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Boston,  IV.  392. 

Cheves,  Langdon  [cheevz],  American  states¬ 
man,  IV.  393. 

Cheviot  Hills,  IV.  393.  “Chevy  Chase” 
(ballad),  alluded  to,  2  a. 

CnEVREUL,  Michel  Eugene  [shuh-vrul],  French 
chemist,  IV.  393.  His  investigations  of  ani¬ 
mal  and  vegetable  oils  and  fats,  III.  698,  2  a. 
His  color  chart,  V.  97,  2  b ;  law  for  hues 
and  tones,  98,  2  b. 

Chevreuse,  Marie  de  Rohan-Montbazon,  duch¬ 
ess  de  [shuh-vriiz],  IV.  394;  X.  173,  1  c. 

Chevron  [shev'-run],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672, 
1  c.  Per  chevron,  671,  2  c.  See  plate 
(after  p.  670). 

Chevronel,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a. 

Chev'y  Chase ,  ballad,  IV.  393,  2  a. 

CnE'wiNK,  bird,  IV.  394  (ill.). 

Cheyenne  [sha-yen'],  county,  IV.  394. 

CnEYENNE,  capital  of  Wyoming  territory,  IV. 
394. 


CnEYENNES,  nation  of  Indians,  IV.  394. 
Ciieyne,  George  [chain],  British  physician, 
IV.  395.  Treatise  on  the  “English  mal¬ 
ady,”  2  ab. 

Cheynell,  Francis  [cha'-nel],  English  clergy¬ 
man,  IV.  395.  See  Chillingworth,  IV. 
434,  1  b. 

Chezy,  Antoine  Leonard  de  [sha-ze],  French 
orientalist,  IV.  395.  Wilhelmine  Christiane 
von,  German  authoress,  396,  1  a.  Wilhelm, 
journalist  and  litterateur,  1  b.  Max,  paint¬ 
er,  ib. 

Chhandas  period ,  in  Indian  literature,  IX. 
222,  2  c. 

Chianti  [kyan'-te],  wine  of,  IX.  468,  2  a. 
Chiapas  [che-a'-pass],  state  of  Mexico,  IV.  396. 

Ruins  of  cities  and  monuments,  2  ab. 
Ciiiaramonte  [kya-ra-mone'-ta],  town  of  Sicily, 
IV.  396. 

Chiaramonti,  Barnaba  Luigi  (Pope  Pius  VII.), 
XIII.  560,  1  a. 

CniARi  [kya'-re],  town  of  Italy,  IV.  396. 
Chiaroscuro  [kya-ro-skoo'-ro],  in  painting, 

IV.  396.  First  of  the  Roman  masters  to 
employ  it,  III.  767,  1  b. 

Ciiiavari  [kya-va'-re],  town  of  Italy,  IV.  396. 
Chiavenna,  town  of  Italy,  IV.  397. 
Chibchacum ,  national  deity  of  the  Chibchas, 
XII.  107,  2  c. 

Chibchas:  see  Muyscas.  Chibchas  of  Colom¬ 
bia,  V.  88,  2  a.  Spanish  expedition  against 
them,  XVI.  759,  1  a. 

Chibucto ,  first  name  of  Halifax,  N.  S.,  II.  483,  2  b. 
Chica  [che'-ka],  fermented  liquor  of  Chili,  IV. 
429,  1  a. 

Chioacole  :  see  Cicacole. 

CmcAGO  [she-ka'-go],  city  of  Illinois,  IV.  397. 
Chicago  before  the  fire  (ill.),  398  ;  after  the 
fire  (ill.),  407.  Site,  397,  1  b.  Population, 
2  c.  Climate,  398,  1  a.  Description,  2  a. 
Parks,  399,  1  ab.  Railroads,  2  be.  Com¬ 
merce,  400,  1  b.  Government,  404,  1  a. 
Manufactures,  403,  2  a.  Water  supply,  2  b. 
Finances,  405, 1  ab.  Education,  2  a.  News¬ 
paper  press,  406, 1  a.  Art,  &c.,  1  b.  Churches, 
1  c.  History,  2  be.  The  great  fire,  407, 1  c ; 

V.  237,  2  c. 

Chicago  river ,  IV.  397,  1  be. 

Chicago  wells ,  artesian,  I.  777,  1  b. 

Chic'cory,  plant,  IV.  408  (ill.).  Mixture  of 
coffee  and  chiccory,  legalized  article  of 
traffic,  2  b.  Adulterations,  2  c. 

Chicken,  or  Chichen  Itza  [che-chain'  eet-sa'], 
ruined  city  of  Mexico,  IV.  408  (ill.,  409). 


192 


CHICHESTER 


CHILPERIC 


Chich'ester,  city  of  England,  I Y.  409.  Chiches¬ 
ter  cathedral,  1  be  (ill.). 

Chichimecs  [che-che-meks'J,  Mexican  tribe,  XI. 
472,  1  b,  ff. 

Chickadee':  see  Blackcap,  II.  676,  2  c. 

Chick AnoM'iNY,  river  of  Virginia,  IY.  409. 
Battles  of  the :  Williamsburg,  410, 1  c ;  Han¬ 
over  Court  House,  411,  la;  Seven  Pines 
and  Fair  Oaks,  1  b ;  Mechanicsville,  413, 
1  ab  ;  Cold  Harbor,  2  a;  Savage’s  Station, 
414,  2  a;  Frazier’s  farm,  415,  1  a;  Malvern 
Hill,  2  c ;  second  Cold  Harbor,  416,  2  c.  The 
“  seven  days’  battles,”  2  a. 

Chickamau'ga,  Battle  of,  IY.  417. 

Chickaree',  red  squirrel,  IY.  418  (ill.). 
Chick'asaw,  two  counties,  IY.  418. 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Battle  of,  IY.  418. 
Chickasaws,  nation  of  Indians,  IY.  418. 

Treaties  with,  419,  1  c,  ff. 

Chicken-breasted :  see  Rickets,  XIY.  324,  1  ab. 
Chicken  Pox,  disease,  IY.  420. 

Chicken  Snake,  IY.  420  (ill.). 

Chickering,  J onas,  American  pianoforte  manu¬ 
facturer,  IY.  421. 

Chiclana  [che-kla'-na],  town  of  Spain,  IY.  421. 
Chicopee',  town  of  Massachusetts,  IY.  421. 
Chic'ory  :  see  Chiccory. 

Chicot  [she'-ko],  county,  IY.  421. 

Chicoutimi  [she-koo-te-me'],  county,  IY.  421. 
Chicsoi,  river :  see  Usumasinta. 

Chief, \  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  b.  See  plate. 
Chieri  [kya'-re],  town  of  Italy,  IY.  421. 

Chiesa  della  Santa  Casa  [kya'-za  del'-la  san'- 
ta  k&'-za],  church  in  Loreto,  X.  641,  2  a. 
Chieti  [kya'-te],  province  of  Italy  :  see  Abruz- 
zo  Citeriore. 

Chieti,  city  of  Italy,  IY.  421. 

Chietines  [ke-a'-tins],  order  of,  IY.  421,  2  c. 
Chigi  [ke'-je],  Roman  family,  IY.  421.  Chigi- 
Zondadavi  branch,  2  c.  Fabio,  Pope  Alex¬ 
ander  VII.,  ib.,  and  I.  280,  2  ab.  Chigi 
palace  and  library,  IY.  421,  2  c.  Chigi- 
Albani,  Don  Sigismondo,  prince,  422,  1  a. 
Flavio,  papal  nuncio,  ib. 

Chigo  [che'-go],  species  of  flea,  IY.  422  (ill.). 
Chihuahua  [che-wa'-wa],  state  of  Mexico,  IY. 

422.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Chilblain,  IY.  422. 

Child,  Sir  Josiah,  English  merchant,  IY.  422. 
Observations  on  trade  and  the  interest  of 
money,  XIII.  666,  1  be. 

Child,  Lydia  Maria,  American  authoress,  IY. 

423. 

Childbed  fever :  see  Puerperal  Fever. 


Childbirth  :  see  Obstetrics. 

Childebert  [shil'-de-bert ;  Fr.  sheel-duh-bair], 
king  of  the  Franks,  IV.  423  ;  I.  373,  2  c. 
Childebert  II.  and  III. :  see  Brunehaut,  and 
Merovingians. 

Childeric  [shil'-de-rik],  kings  of  the  Franks: 

see  Merovingians. 

Childhood ,  period  of,  I.  180,  2  c. 

Children,  John  George,  English  electrician, 
IY.  423. 

Children  of  the  Light:  see  Friends,  VII.  493, 
2  ab. 

Children's  aid  society ,  Hew  York,  III.  177, 

1  ab ;  XII.  397,  2  ab. 

Children's  festival ,  at  Christmas,  IY.  551, 1  ab. 
Children  of  the  sun,  in  Gnosticism,  YIII.  54,  2  c. 
Chile  [che'-la] :  see  Chili. 

Chili  [chil'-e],  republic  of  South  America,  IV. 
423.  Map,  424.  Topography,  425,  1  a. 
Hydrography,  2  a.  Islands,  2  c.  Climate, 
426,  1  a.  Earthquakes,  2  a.  Geology,  2  c. 
Mines,  427,  1  b.  Soil  and  productions,  2  b. 
Animals,  428,  1  a.  Population,  2  a.  Re¬ 
ligion,  429,  1  ab.  Education,  1  b.  Agricul¬ 
ture,  1  c.  Manufactures,  2  b.  Commerce, 

2  c.  Government,  430, 1  b.  History,  431,  2  c. 
Chilian  clover,  X.  703,  2  a. 

Chilian  mill,  in  gold  mining,  YIII.  84,  2  a. 
Chiliasm  [kil'-e-asm] :  see  Millennium. 
Chiliast :  see  Millennium. 

Chilka  lake,  India,  II.  524,  1  ab. 

Chilli,  fruit  of  capsicum,  YIII.  279,  2  ab. 
Chillicoth'e,  city  of  Ohio,  IY.  433. 

Chillicothe ,  county  seat,  X.  545,  2  a. 

Chillies  :  see  Capsicum,  III.  761,  2  a. 
Chillingworth,  William,  English  divine  and 
controversialist,  IY.  433. 

Chillon,  Castle  of  [she-yoDg],  IY.  434. 

Chills  and  fever,  VII.  164,  2  c. 

Chilmaree :  see  Chilmari. 

Chilmari  [chil-ma'-re],  town  of  India,  IY.  434. 
Chilo  [kl'-lo],  one  of  the  seven  wise  men  of 
Greece,  IY.  434. 

Ciiiloe  [che'-lo-a],  province  of  Chili,  IY.  434. 
Island,  435,  1  a. 

Chilognatha  [kl-log'-na-tha],  order  of  myria- 
poda,  IY.  203,  1  be. 

Chilon :  see  Chilo. 

Chilopoda  [kl-lop'-o-da],  order  of  myriapoda, 
IY.  203,  1  c. 

Chilperic  I.  [shil'-pe-rik],  king  of  Neustria : 

see  Fredegonda  and  Brunehaut. 

Chilperic  II. :  see  Merovingians,  XI.  412, 
1  be. 


CHILTERN 


CHINCHILLA 


193 


CniLTEKN  Hundreds,  district  of  England,  IY. 

435.  Stewardship  of  the,  1  a. 

Chilton ,  county  seat,  III.  G28,  2  c. 

Chimera,  [kl-me'-ra],  in  mythology,  IY.  485 

(ill.). 

Chimera  (ichthyology),  IV.  435.  See  Sea 
Cat,  XIV.  727,  1  b  (ill.). 

Chimeerce ,  in  gem  engraving,  YII.  663,  2  be. 
CniMAp'niLA,  drug,  IY.  436.  C.  umbellata, 
plant,  1  a.  C.  maculata,  ib. 

Chimara,  or  Khimara  [ke-ma'-ra] :  see  Cerau- 
nian  Mountains,  IY.  209,  1  a. 

Chimari  [ke-ma'-re] :  see  Chimara  (Index). 
Chimay  [she-ma],  principality  of  Belgium,  IY. 

436. 

Chimay,  Jeanne  Marie  Ignace  Th6rese,  princess 
of  (Mine.  Tallien),  IY.  436. 

CniMBORAzo  [cheem-bo-ra'-tho],  mountain  of 
Ecuador,  IY.  436  (ill.). 

Chimes,  set  of  bells,  IY.  437. 

Chimney,  IY.  437.  Ignorance  of  in  ancient 
times,  2  b.  In  deep  mines,  for  ventilation, 
438,  1  b.  Principles  of  construction,  1  c. 
Smoky  chimneys,  2  c.  Tall  chimneys,  439, 1  b. 
Chimneys,  the ,  precipices  in  Virginia,  II.  109, 
2  c  ;  YII.  480,  2  c. 

Chimney  swallow ,  European,  XY.  498,  1  c; 
American,  520,  1  c. 

CniMPAN'zEE,  a  species  of  ape,  IY.  439  (ill.). 
Chimseyans,  nation  of  Indians,  IY.  440. 

Chin ,  found  only  in  man,  Y.  176,  1  c. 

Chin  Indians,  II.  85,  2  b  (Atnahs). 

China,  empire  of  Asia,  IY.  440.  (Map.)  China 
proper,  2  b.  Coast  line,  2  c.  Topography, 
441,  1  b.  Rivers,  442,  2  a.  Canals,  443, 
2  be.  Roads,  444,  2  a.  Climate,  2  ab.  Soils 
and  productions,  445,  1  ab.  Animals,  446, 
1  a.  Mineral  resources,  2  a.  Inhabitants, 
447,  1  c.  Domestic  and  social  life,  448,  1  b. 
Population,  449,  1  c.  Language,  450,  1  a. 
Agriculture,  1  b.  Manufactures,  2  ab.  Com¬ 
merce,  2  c.  Money,  451, 2  c.  Statistics  of  for¬ 
eign  trade,  452, 1  b.  Emigration,  2  c.  Educa¬ 
tion,  453,  2  a.  Religion,  454,  1  c.  Govern¬ 
ment,  455,  1  c.  Laws,  456,  2  b.  Military, 
457,  1  a.  Great  wall,  2  b  (ill.,  458). — His¬ 
tory,  2  c.  Introduction  of  Buddhism,  459, 
1  a.  Christianity  introduced,  1  b.  First 
Mongol  dynasty  established,  1  c;  overthrown, 
ib.  First  Roman  Catholic  missionaries,  ib. 
Present  Mantchoo  dynasty  established,  2  ab. 
First  Protestant  missionarv,  2  c.  The  British 
obtain  a  foothold  in  China,  460,  1  a.  Opium 
war,  2  a.  Treaties  with  the  United  States 
13 


and  France  in  1844,  2  c.  Precarious  rela¬ 
tions  with  foreign  states,  ib.  War  with 
Great  Britain  and  France,  461,  2  ab.  Fruitless 
negotiations  with  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
the  United  States,  2  c.  Shameful  treatment 
of  an  English  flag  of  truce,  463, 1  b,  2  a.  De¬ 
struction  of  the  summer  palace,  1  c.  Im¬ 
proved  relations  with  foreign  powers,  2  ab. 
Taiping  rebellion,  2  b.  Late  Mohammedan 
rebellions,  464,  1  be.  Mission  of  Mr.  Bur¬ 
lingame,  2  ab.  Outbreak  against  foreigners 
in  1870,  2  be.  First  recognition  of  interna¬ 
tional  law  by  China,  III.  460,  1  c. 

China,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IY.  464. 
Colloquial  language,  2  c.  Book  language, 
467,  2  ab.  Literature,  470,  2  c.  The  King, 
or  “  Classics,”  471,  1  c ;  the  secondary  clas¬ 
sics,  472,  2  b.  Histories,  474,  2  be.  Geogra¬ 
phy,  477,  2  a.  Official  repertories,  478,  1  c. 
Works  on  the  constitution,  2  a.  Catalogues, 
2  b.  Novels,  2  c.  Orthodox  writers  (phi¬ 
losophers),  479,  2  a.  Works  on  agriculture, 
480,  1  be.  Medical  treatises,  1  c.  Astro¬ 
nomical  and  mathematical  works,  2  b.  As¬ 
trological  works,  481,  1  c.  Cyclopiedias, 
2  a.  Miscellaneous  works,  2  c.  Taouist 
works,  482,  1  b.  Poetry  and  polite  litera¬ 
ture,  2  a.  Individual  collections,  2  b.  An¬ 
thologies,  483,  1  a.  Literary  collections, 
2  b.  Printing,  2  c.  Sinology,  484,  1  c. 
Dictionaries,  2  b.  Grammars,  485,  1  ab. 
See  Indo-Chinese  Races  and  Languages. 

Chinab  [che-nab'] :  see  Chenaub. 

China-blue  style ,  in  calico  printing,  III.  597,  2 
ab. 

China,  Dresden,  XIII.  784,  2  b.  Sevres,  785, 
2  a;  786,  2  ab  ;  791,  1  c;  791,  2  b. 

China  grass,  XIY.  195,  1  be. 

Chinampas ,  floating  gardens  of  Mexico,  VII: 
273,  2  c. 

Chinandega  [che-nan-da'-ga],  town  of  Nicara¬ 
gua,  IY.  485. 

China  root ,  XY.  114,  1  a. 

China  Sea,  IY.  485. 

China  Ware:  see  Pottery  and  Porcelain, 
XIII.  783,  1  c. 

Chincha  Islands,  Peru,  IY.  486  (ill.).  Guano 
workings  (ill.),  1  b. 

CiHNcnAYcocnA  [clieen-chi-ko'-cha],  lake  of 
Peru,  IY.  486. 

Cnmcn  Bug,  IY.  486  (ill.) ;  VIII.  629,  2  ab. 

CniNcnn/LA,  animal,  IY.  487.  C.  lanigera, 
1  c  (ill.).  C.  brevicaudata,  ib.  Its  fur,  YII. 
538,  2  b. 


194 


CHINCHILLA 


CHIUSA 


Chinchilla  [cheen-che'-lya],  city  of  Spain,  IV. 
487. 

Chincough :  see  Whooping  Cough. 

Chine  ribbon  [she-na'J,  XIV.  306,  1  be. 

Chinese  dates,  fruit,  IX.  709,  2  b. 

Chinese  emigration ,  III.  599,  1  be ;  IV.  452,  2  c ; 

VI.  577,  1  c. 

Chinese  fowls ,  IV.  783,  1  ab. 

Chinese  galls ,  XV.  463,  2  c  (ill.). 

Chinese  ink :  see  India  ink  (Index). 

Chinese  lac ,  II.  249,  2  c. 

Chinese  queue :  see  Mantchooria,  XI.  127, 1  a. 
Chinese  sugar  cane ,  XV.  170,  1  b  (ill.). 

Chinese  Tartary  :  see  Turkistan,  XVI.  66,  2  a. 
Chinese  writing:  see  Alphabet,  I.  348,  2  b, 
and  China,  Language  and  Literature  of. 
Ching-king:  see  Shing-king. 

Chingleput',  town  of  British  India,  IV.  487. 
Ching-wang  (Tsin-chi  hwang-ti),  emperor  of 
China,  builder  of  the  great  wall,  IV.  458,  2  c. 
CniN-lNDiA,  IV.  488 ;  VI.  378,  2  b. 

Chinnereth ,  sea  of  [kin'-ner-eth] :  see  Gennes- 
aret. 

Chinon  [she-nong],  town  of  France,  IV.  488. 
Chinone  [ki'-none],  a  volatile  substance,  X.  12, 
1  c. 

Chinooks,  family  of  Indian  tribes,  IV.  488 ; 

VII.  260,  2  c;  261,  1  a.  Chinook  jargon, 
IV.  488,  1  b. 

Chinsoo'ra,  town  of  British  India,  IV.  488. 
Chinsura  [chin-soo'-ra] :  see  Chinsoora. 
Chiococcus  [kl-o-kok'-kus],  (botany),  III.  550, 
1  c. 

Chioggia  [kyod'-ja],  seaport  of  Italy,  IV.  488. 
Chionanthus  Virginica  [kl-o-nan'-thus],  (bota¬ 
ny),  VII.  500,  2  a  (ill.). 

Chionis  [kl'-o-nis],  (ornithology),  XIV.  834,  2  a. 
Chios  [ke'-os] :  see  Scio. 

Chiozza  [kyot'-sa] :  see  Chioggia. 

Chip  bird ,  XV.  229,  2  ab. 

Chipman,  Nathaniel,  American  jurist,  IV.  488. 

Daniel,  jurist,  489,  1  b. 

Chipmunk,  ground  squirrel,  IV.  489  (ill.). 
Chippenham  [chip'-num],  borough  of  England, 
IV.  489. 

Chip'pewa,  river  of  Wisconsin,  IV.  489. 
Chippewa,  three  counties,  IV.  490. 

Chippewa,  village  of  Canada,  IV.  490.  Battle 
of,  1  be;  X.  802,  1  a. 

Chippewa  City ,  county  seat  (now  Montevideo), 
IV.  490,  1  b. 

Chippewa  Falls,  county  seat,  IV.  490,  1  b. 
Chippewas  :  see  Ojibways. 

Chippewyans:  see  Tinne.  In  the  Northwest 


territories,  XII.  503,  2  a.  Origin  of  the 
name,  IX.  787,  2  b  (Chipeweyan). 

Chiquimula  [che-ke-moo'-la],  department  of 
Guatemala,  IV.  490.  Chiquimula  de  la  Sier¬ 
ra,  capital,  2  a.  Isthmus  of,  2  ab. 

Chiquitos  [che-ke'-toce],  Indian  tribe  of  South 
America,  IV.  490 ;  III.  10,  2  b. 

Chiquitos,  province  of  Bolivia,  IV.  491. 

Chiragra  [ki-ra'-gra],  gout  in  the  hands,  VIII. 
132,  2  a. 

Chiriguanes  [che-re-gwa'-nace],  tribe  of  S. 
American  Indians,  XVI.  41,  1  ab,  2  a. 

Chiriqui  [che-re-ke'],  province  of  Panama,  IV. 
491.  Eiver  and  lagoon,  2  b.  Archipelago, 
mountain,  and  desert,  ib. 

Chirodota  arena' ta  [ki-ro-do'-ta],  echinoderm, 
XIV.  728,  2  a. 

CniROMANCY  [kl'-ro-man-se],  a  method  of  for¬ 
tune  telling,  IV.  491. 

Chiron  [kl'-ron],  centaur,  IV.  492.  Referred 
to,  I.  64,  2  a. 

Chironectes  variega'tus  [ki-ro-nek'-teez],  (zool¬ 
ogy),  XVI.  770,  1  c  (ill.). 

Chiros'opher,  the,  sobriquet:  see  Bulwer,  John, 
III.  433,  2  ab. 

Chirur'gery :  see  Surgery. 

CmsAGO  [che-saw'-go],  county,  IV.  492. 

Chisago  City,  county  seat,  IV.  493,  1  a. 

Chisholm,  Caroline  [chiz'-um],  English  philan¬ 
thropist,  IV.  493.  (Died  1877.) 

Chiswick  [chiz'-ik],  village  of  England,  IV. 
493.  Chiswick  house,  1  be. 

Chiton  [kl'-ton],  genus  of  marine  animals,  IV. 
493.  C.  squamosus  and  C.  spinosus  (ill.),  1  c. 

Chitore  [che-tore'J,  town  of  British  India,  IV. 
493.  Pillar  of  victory,  2  b  (ill.). 

Chitradurg  [che-tra-doorg'J :  see  Chittel- 
droog. 

Chittagaon :  see  Chittagong. 

Chittagong',  district  of  British  India,  IV.  494. 
Capital,  1  be. 

Chittagong  fowls,  IV.  780,  2  ab ;  782,  2  c. 

Chitteldroog',  town  of  British  India,  IV.  494. 

Chittenden,  county,  IV.  494. 

Chittenden,  Thomas,  first  governor  of  Ver¬ 
mont,  IV.  494.  Martin,  judge  and  governor, 
495,  1  a. 

Chittor:  see  Chitore. 

Chittorgurh' :  see  Chitore. 

Chitty,  Joseph,  English  lawryer,  IV.  495, 

Chiusa  [ku'-za],  Italian  word  for  a  narrow 
mountain  pass,  IV.  495.  Chiusa  di  Pesio  [de 
pa'-ze-o],  town  of  Italy,  1  c.  Chiusa  Scla.~ 
fani  [skla-fa'-ne],  town  of  Sicily,  ib. 


CHIUSI 


CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER 


195 


Cniusi  [ku'-ze],  city  of  Italy,  IV.  495  (ill.). 
Chivalry  [shiv'-al-re,  or  chiv'-],  IV.  495.  Its 
germs,  1  c.  Formal  establishment  of,  496, 

1  b.  Training,  1  c.  Knights  and  squires, 

2  a.  Characteristics  of  knighthood,  497,  1  a. 
Decay  of  chivalry,  2  c. 

Chivas  [Fr.  she-vas] :  see  CmvAsso. 

CmvAsso  [ke-vas'-so],  city  of  Italy,  IV.  498. 
Chives:  see  Onion,  XII.  631,  2  b. 

CnLADNi,  Ernst  Florens  Friedrich  [khlad'-ne], 
German  physicist,  IV.  498.  His  nodal  sound 
figures,  I.  71,  2  b  (ill.).  Theory  of  meteoric 
showers,  143,  2  be. 

Chlamyd'era  (ornithology),  III.  166,  2  ab. 

C.  maculata,  2  b.  C.  nuchalis,  2  be. 
Chlamydoph'orus :  see  Chlamypiiorus. 
CnLAMYPn'oRus,  edentate  mammal,  IV.  498 
(ill.).  C.  truncatus,  2  b. 

Chlam'ys,  Greek  outer  garment,  IV.  499. 
Chlopicki,  Jozef  [khlo-pits'-ke],  Polish  general 
and  dictator,, IV.  499. 

Chlo'eal,  chemical  compound,  IV.  499.  Its 
synonymes,  2  c.  Preparation  of,  ib.  Chloral 
hydrate  as  an  anesthetic  and  hypnotic,  500, 
2  ab. 

Chloral'um,  chloride  of  aluminum,  IV.  500 ; 

I.  369,  la.  Asa  disinfectant,  VI.  134,  1  c. 
Chlorate  of  potassa  powders,  VII.  38,  1  a. 
Chlorates,  IV.  501  ;  502,  1  b. 

Chloric  Ether,  IV.  501. 

Chloride  of  barium  [klo'-rid],  II.  313,  1  c. 
Chloride  of  calcium ,  X.  478,  1  be ;  480,  1 
ab. 

Chloride  of  ethyl,  I.  265,  2  a. 

Chloride  of  gold,  VIII.  85,  1  c. 

Chloride  of  lime ,  first  prepared,  II.  704,  1  b. 

Use  of  in  bleaching,  ib.,  and  706,  2  a. 
Chloride  of  nitrogen,  VII.  38,  2  ab. 
Chloeim'etry,  IV.  501. 

Chlorination  process,  in  gold  refining,  VIII. 

85,  1  c.  Referred  to,  XI.  620,  2  a. 
Chlorine  [klo'-rin],  gas,  IV.  501.  Its  prep¬ 
aration,  2  a;  character,  2  b.  Bleaching 
properties,  502,  1  a;  II.  704,  1  b,  If.,  2  be; 
705,  2  ab.  See  Bleaching  Powder.  Sanitary 
and  medical  uses,  IV.  502,  1  ab ;  VI.  134,  1  a. 
Compounds  of,  IV.  502,  1  b.  Luminosity 
of  flame  increased  by  it,  VII.  255,  1  c. 
Chloris,  one  of  the  Horae,  VIII.  816,  1  c. 
Chlo'rodyne,  name  of  secret  preparations, 
IV.  502. 

Chloroform,  IV.  502.  Synonymes,  1  c.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  ib. ;  X.  415,  2  c.  Introduction 
into  medical  practice,  IV.  502,  2  c.  Value 


as  an  anaesthetic,  503,  1  be.  Preference  of 
ether,  2  a. 

Chlorohydric  acid :  see  Hydrochloric  Acid. 
Chlorometer,  invention  of,  VII.  653,  2  b. 
CnLORO-METH'YL,  IV.  503. 

CiiLo'ROPnYL,  green  coloring  matter  in  plants, 
IV.  504;  X.  265, 1  a  and  be,  267,  2  b  ;  XIII. 
581,  1  c ;  II.  373,  1  be. 

C hloroplat' mates :  see  Platinum,  XIII.  600, 

1  be. 

Chloro'sis,  disease,  IV.  504.  Medical  treat 
inent,  2  b. 

Chloros'oma  verna' Us  (zoology),  V.  114,  2  b. 
Chlorosperms :  see  Alg^e,  I.  300,  2  b. 
Chlorox'ylon  Swiete'nia  (botany),  XIV.  638, 

2  ab. 

Ciimielnicki,  Bogdan  ^hmyel-nyits'-ke],  chief 
of  revolted  Cossacks,  IV.  505. 

Choana  [ko-a'-na],  site  of,  X.  61,  2  be  (Kum). 
Choaspes  [ko-as'-peez],  river,  IX.  823,  2  ab. 
Choate,  Rufus  [chote],  American  lawyer,  IV. 
505. 

CnociM  [kho'-chim] :  see  KnoTiN. 

Cnoco  [cho'-ko],  district  of  Colombia,  IV.  506. 
Bays,  2  c. 

Choc'olate,  IV.  506. 

Chocolate  corn ,  XV.  170,  1  ab. 

Choctaw,  two  counties,  IV.  506. 

CnocTAws,  Indian  nation,  IV.  506  (ill.,  507). 
Treaty  of  Hopewell,  507,  1  a ;  of  Doak’s 
Stand,  1  c.  Government,  2  a.  Language,  2  b. 
CnoDOwiECKi,  Daniel  Nikolaus  [kho-do-vyets'- 
ke],  German  painter  and  engraver,  IV.  507. 
Wilhelm,  engraver,  508,  1  a. 

Chodzko,  Alexander  Boreyko  [khoj'-ko],  Polish 
traveller,  linguist,  and  poet,  IV.  508. 
CnoDZKO,  Jakob  Leonard,  Polish  scholar,  IV. 
508. 

Chcenix  [ke'-nix],  Greek  dry  measure,  IV.  508. 
CncERiLUS  [ke'-re-lus],  Athenian  tragic  poet, 
IV.  508.  Greek  epic  poet,  2  a. 

Chce'ropus  (zoology),  II.  268,  2  be. 

Chogset,  salt-water  perch,  XIII.  284,  1  b. 

Choi  :  see  Khoi. 

Choin,  Marie  Emilie  Joly  de  [zhiih-le  diih 
shwang],  daughter-in-law  of  Louis  XIV.,  IV. 
508.  Louis  Albert  Joly  de,  French  prelate, 
2  b. 

Choir  religious:  see  Sacred  Heart,  Ladies  of 
the,  XIV.  513,  2  ab. 

CnoisEUL,  Etienne  Francois,  duke  de  [shwa- 
zul],  French  statesman,  IV.  508.  Claude 
Antoine  Gabriel,  duke  de,  509,  1  a. 
CnoiSEUL-GouFFiER,  Marie  Gabriel  Florent  An- 


196 


CHOISEUL-PRASLIN 


CHRETIEN 


guste,  count  de  [-goo-fya],  French  classical 
scholar,  IY.  509. 

Choiseul-Praslin ,  duke  de :  see  Peaslin,  XIII. 
804,  2  ab. 

Choisy,  Francois  Timoleon  de  [shwa-ze], 
French  writer,  IY.  509. 

Choke  Damp,  irrespirable  gas,  IY.  509. 
Choleate  of  soda  [ko'-le-ate],  II.  634,  1  a. 
Choleic  acid  [ko-le'-ik],  II.  634,  1  a. 

Choleka  [kol'-e-ra],  disease,  IY.  509.  Varie¬ 
ties  of,  2  b.  Asiatic  cholera,  510,  1  ab.  Pe¬ 
riodical  epidemics  in  India,  1  b.  Epidemic 
of  1832  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States,  511,  1  c.  Next  12-yearly  epidemic, 
2  b ;  next  and  latest,  2  c.  Course  of  propa¬ 
gation,  512,  1  b.  Precautions  and  treat¬ 
ment,  2  a.  Pathology,  513,  2  ab. 

Cholera  infantum ,  IY.  509,  2  c. 

Cholera  morbus,  IY.  509,  2  b. 

Cholesteeine  [ko-les'-ter-in],  non-nitrogenized 
organic  substance,  IY.  514;  II.  633,  2  c, 
634, 1  b ;  III.  186,  2  b.  Cholestenemia,  IY. 
515,  1  a. 

Cholet  [shuh-la],  town  of  France,  IY.  515. 
Cholettes  [shuh-let],  fabrics  of  Cholet,  IY. 
515,  1  a. 

Cholic  acid  [ko'-lik],  II.  633,  2  c. 

Chollet:  see  Cholet. 

Ciioltjla  [cho-loo'-la],  town  of  Mexico,  IY. 
515.  Teocalli  of,  1  c  (ill.) ;  I.  397,  2  b. 
Human  sacrifices,  IY.  515,  2  c. 

CnoMEL,  Auguste  Francois  [shuh-mel],  French 
physician,  IY.  515. 

Chonce  [ko'-ne],  mediaeval  city,  Y.  110,  1  ab. 
Chondvine  [kon'-drin],  variety  of  gelatine,  IY. 
41,  2  b. 

Chondrus  crispus  (botany),  IY.  25,  1  ab ;  I. 
299,  2  b  (ill.). 

Chontal ,  Indian  language,  X.  340,  1  c. 
Chontales  [chone-ta'-lace],  district  of  Nicara¬ 
gua,  IY.  516.  Mines  of,  1  b. 

Choomars ,  helot  race  of  India,  IX.  214,  2  a. 
Choorahs,  helot  race  of  India,  IX.  214,  2  a. 
Chopin,  Frederic  Francois  [shuh-pang],  Polish 
pianist  and  composer,  IY.  516. 

Chop'tank  Rivee,  IY.  516. 

Chopunnish,  Nez  Perces  Indians,  XII.  416, 
1  b. 

Choragia ,  IY.  518,  2  b.  See  CnoEAGus. 
Choragic  monument  of  Lysicrates,  I.  655,  1  c ; 

II.  61,  1  c. 

Choeagus  [ko-ra'-gus],  superintendent  of  music 
at  Athens,  IV.  517.  At  Oxford,  XII.  763, 1  b. 
Choral  chant,  IY.  265,  1  ab. 


Chorasmii,  or  Chorasmusini,  tribe  of,  referred 
to,  IX.  818,  2  b. 

Chord,  in  music,  XII.  77,  1  b.  Chords,  80,  1  b.i 

Chord,  of  an  arc,  I.  640,  1  c. 

Cliordeiles  Virginia'nus  [kor-dl'-leez],  (orni¬ 
thology),  XII.  442,  2  ab  (ill.).  C.  popetue, 
443,  1  b.  C.  furcifer,  VIII.  59,  1  a. 

Choeea  [ko-re'-a] :  see  Saint  Vitus’s  Dance. 

Chorea  Sancti  Johannis :  see  Demonology,  Y. 
796,  1  c.  Chorea  Sancti  Yiti,  ib. 

Choeis,  Louis  [kho'-ris],  Russian  painter  and 
traveller,  IY.  517. 

Ciioe'ley,  town  of  England,  IY.  517. 

Ciioeley,  Henry  Fothergill,  English  musical 
critic  and  author,  IY.  517. 

Chorobates  [ko-ro-ba'-teez],  ancient  levelling 
instrument,  XYI.  32,  2  a. 

Choroid  membrane  [ko'-roid],  of  the  eye,  VII. 
46,  1  a.  Choroid  gland  or  muscle,  in  fishes’ 
eyes,  48,  1  a. 

Choroid  plexuses ,  of  the  brain,  III.  188,  2  b. 

Choeon,  Alexandre  Etienne  [shuh-rdng],  French 
musician  and  author,  IY.  518. 

Choeus  [ko'-rus],  IV.  518.  In  the  Grecian 
drama,  1  b.  In  modern  music,  2  b. 

Chose  in  Action  [shoze],  in  law,  IY.  518; 
248,  1  c;  II.  31,  1  b;  X.  167,  1  ab ;  Y.  755, 
2  ab ;  IX.  86,  1  a. 

Choskoes  I.  [kos'-ro-eez],  the  Just,  king  of 
Persia,  IY.  519.  Arch  of,  Y.  543,  2  be. 
Chosroes  II.,  Parviz,  IV.  519,  2  b. 

Chosroes,  Parthian  king,  XIII.  136,  1  c. 

Choteau  [sho-td'],  county,  IY.  520. 

Chouan ,  Jean:  see  Chouans. 

Chouannerie  [shwan-re],  body  of  French  insur¬ 
gents,  IY.  520,  2  b. 

Chouans  [shwang],  insurgent  French  peasants, 
IY.  520. 

Choubar :  see  Chaebae. 

Chough  [chuf],  bird,  IY.  521  (ill.). 

Choules,  John  Overton  [choles],  American 
clergyman,  IY.  521. 

Chousserie ,  Col.  [slioos-re],  II.  582,  1  b. 

Chouteau,  Auguste  [shoo-to'J,  American  pio¬ 
neer,  IY.  522.  Pierre,  1  ab.  Pierre  (2d), 
1  c.  P.  Chouteau,  jr.,  firm  name  of  a  fur¬ 
trading  company,  2  a. 

Chowan  [cho-wan'J,  county,  IY.  522. 

Chowan  river,  XII.  489,  2  c. 

Chowringee,  section  of  Calcutta,  III.  572,  1  c. 

Chowry,  a  kind  of  brush,  XYI.  762,  2  b. 

Chowsan:  see  Chusan. 

Cheetien  de  Teoyes  [kra-tyang  diih  trwa], 
French  poet,  IY.  522. 


CHRIEMHILD 


CHRISTODOR 


197 


Chriemhild  [kreem'-liilt],  character  in  the 
Nibelungenlied,  XIII.  419,  2  b. 

Ciirism,  consecrated  ointment,  IV.  523. 

Chrismation ,  V.  233,  2  c. 

Chrismon ,  monogram  of  Christ,  XI.  756,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Christ,  IV.  523.  See  Jesus  Christ.  His 
personal  character,  IV.  531,  1  c ;  in  its  his¬ 
torical  worth,  532,  2  c.  His  method  of 
working,  534,  2  c. — Dissensions  in  the  an¬ 
cient  church  respecting  his  twofold  nature : 
see  Arius  and  Arianism;  Apollinarians  ; 
Adoptiani  (the  first  in  the  western  church)  ; 
Nestorius  ;  Nestorians,  XII.  240,  2  a ; 
Sabellians  ;  Eutyciies  and  Monophysites  ; 
Jacobites  ;  Monotpielites  ;  Nice,  Councils 
of,  XII.  428,  1  c ;  Dionysius  of  Alexan¬ 
dria,  VI.  125,  1  c;  IIomoousians  ;  Hono- 
rius,  VIII.  800,  1  b.  In  the  Abyssinian 
church,  I.  48,  2  b.  See  Trinity,  XV.  869,  2  c. 

Christ ,  monogram  of,  XI.  756,  1  c  (ill.). 

Christ ,  Passion  of, \  Diirer’s  woodcuts  of,  only 
complete  series,  XIV.  340,  2  a. 

Christ,  Pictures  of,  IV.  523.  In  early  Chris¬ 
tian  art,  1  b;  XII.  795,  2  c.  The  most 
beautiful  extant,  IV.  523,  2  be. 

Clirist-Baum  [krist'-bowm],  poem  by  Hebei, 
IV.  551,  1  c. 

Christ'church,  borough  of  England,  IV.  523. 
Christchurch  bay,  2  c. 

Christchurch,  town  of  New  Zealand,  IV.  524. 

Christ  church ,  cathedral,  Fredericton,  N.  B., 
VII.  466,  2  a  (ill.). 

Christ  Church  college ,  Oxford,  XII.  764,  2  a 
(ill.);  765,  2  a.  Chapel  of  (cathedral),  760, 
2  ab. 

Christian  [krist'-yun],  three  counties,  IV.  524. 

Christian,  name  of  nine  kings  of  Denmark, 
IV.  524.  Christian  II.,  2  a.  Christian  IV., 
527,  1  a.  Christian  VII.,  528,  2  a.  Chris¬ 
tian  VIII.,  529,  1  a.  Christian'IX.,  1  c. 

Christian,  archbishop  of  Mentz,  IV.  529. 

Christian ,  mutineer  of  the  ship  Bounty,  XIII. 
546,  2  a. 

Christiana  creek ,  Delaware,  V.  770,  2  a ;  XVI. 
647, 1  b,  648,  2  a,  b. 

Christian  Catholics :  see  Old  Catholics,  XII. 
611,  2  c. 

Christian  Cicero ,  the ,  X.  87,  2  b. 

Christian  connection ,  sect  of  Baptists,  II.  293, 
2  b. 

Christiania  [kris-te-a'-ne-a],  province  of  Nor¬ 
way,  IV.  529.  Capital  of  Norway,  2  b. 
New  storthing  house  (ill.),  530. 


Christianity  [krist-yan'-e-te],  IV.  530.  Its 
nature,  2  a.  Its  founder,  531, 1  c.  Histori¬ 
cal  estimate  of  his  character,  532,  2  c.  The 
New  Testament,  534,  1  a.  Christ’s  method, 

1  c.  His  resurrection,  2  c.  Early  spread 
of  Christianity,  535,  1  c.  Its  working,  2  a. 
First  period,  to  the  year  311,  2  ab.  Second 
period,  from  Constantine  to  Luther,  537,  1  c. 
Third  period,  from  the  reformation  to  the 
present,  539, 1  c.  Its  future,  544, 1  c.  Ethics 
of,  XI.  810,  2  a. 

Christians,  or  Christian  Connection,  sect,  IV. 
545. 

Christiansand,  province  of  Norway,  IV.  545. 

Capital  city,  546,  1  a. 

Christiansburg ,  county  seat,  XI.  786,  1  c. 
Christiansburg  [kris'-te-anss-boorg],  ducal  cas¬ 
tle,  referred  to,  VI.  484,  1  a. 

Christian  slaves  in  Algiers ,  allusion  to,  I.  305, 

2  c. 

Christians  of  St.  JonN,  IV.  546. 

Christians  of  St.  Thomas,  IV.  546. 
Christianstad  [kris'-te-an-stat],  town  of  Swe¬ 
den,  IV.  546  ;  view,  547. 

CnRiSTiANSTED,  town  of  St.  Croix,  IV.  547. 
CnRisTiANSUND  [-soond],  sdaport  of  Norway, 

IV.  547. 

Christianas  Democritus ,  pseudonyme,  VI.  128, 

1  a. 

Christina  [kris-te'-na],  queen  of  Spain :  see 
Maria  Christina. 

Christina,  queen  of  Sweden,  IV.  547.  Char¬ 
acterization  by  Chanut,  French  ambassador, 

2  be.  Assumes  the  sovereignty,  548,  1  b. 
Abdication,  549,  1  c.  Benunciation  of  Lu¬ 
theranism,  2  b.  Murder  of  Monaldeschi,  2  c. 
Founds  the  Arcadian  academy  at  Rome,  550, 
1  b. 

Christinat  [kris-te-na],  clergyman,  benefactor 
of  Agassiz,  I.  174,  2  a. 

Christine  figypta  [kris-teen  a-zheep-ta],  daugh¬ 
ter  of  Lucien  Bonaparte,  III.  34,  2  c. 
Christkatholiken  [krist'-ka-to-le-ken],  religious 
association  in  Breslau,  XII.  209,  2  b. 
Christmas  [kris'-mas],  IV.  550.  Carols,  2  b. 
Festivities,  551,  1  a.  Swedish  tradition,  1  c. 
Christmas  in  England,  2  a ;  in  the  United 
States,  552,  1  b.  See  IX.  636,  1  a. 
Christmas,  Henry,  English  clergyman  and 
author,  IV.  552. 

Christmas  block,  IV.  551,  2  b. 

Christmas  daisies ,  II.  38,  1  a  (Aster). 
Christmas  rose  (hellebore),  VIII.  621,  1  be. 
Christodor ,  pseudonyme,  II.  770,  1  be. 


198 


CIIRISTOMAHIA 


CHRYSOSTOM 


Christomania,  X.  214,  2  ab  (Lavatee). 
Chbistophe,  Henri  [kris-tuf],  king  of  Ilayti, 
IY.  552. 

Ciieistopiiee,  duke  of  Wurtemberg,  IY.  552. 
Cheistopiiee,  Saint,  IY.  553. 

Christoph'  oros,  legend  of,  IY.  553,  1  c. 
Cheistopulos,  Athanasios  [kris-top'-oo-los], 
modern  Greek  poet,  IY.  553. 

Cheist’s  Hospital  (Blue  Coat  school),  London, 
IY.  553  (ill.,  554).  Branch  hospital,  554, 
1  a. 

Chrodegcing  of  Metz ,  founder  of  a  monastic 
order,  XI.  730,  1  a. 

Chroicocephalus  [kro-e-ko-sef-a-lus],  (ornithol¬ 
ogy),  VIII.  319,  2  b.  C.  atricilla,  ib.  C. 
Bonapartei,  ib. 

Chroicolytes  [kro-ik'-o-lites],  class  of  minerals, 
XI.  590,  1  e. 

Chro'mate  of  diazobenzole,  VII.  39,  2  ab. 
Chromates ,  IV.  555,  2  ab.  Uses  of,  556,  1  b. 
Chromat’ic  aberration ,  I.  66,  1  a. 

Chromatic  polarization,  X.  450,  2  ab. 
Chromatic  scale,  in  music,  I.  70,  1  c. 
Cheomatics,  IY.  554. 

Chrome  alum ,  IY.  556,  1  a ;  XY.  454,  1  a. 
Chrome  green ,  IY.  556,  1  b. 

Chrome  ironstone,  IV.  555,  1  c. 

Chrome  steel,  XY.  357,  2  a.  See  IY.  556,  1  b. 
Chromic  acid,  how  obtained,  IY.  555,  2  a. 
As  an  oxidizing  agent,  556,  1  ab.  As  an 
antiseptic,  XII.  61,  1  be. 

Chromic  anhydride  [an-hl'-drid] :  see  Chromic 
acid  (Index). 

Chromic  oxide,  green  pigment,  IY.  556,  1  a. 
CnEOMiuM,  metal,  IY.  554.  Oxides  of,  555, 
1  a.  Chromates,  555,  2  a.  Sulphates  of 
chromium,  2  c.  Applications  in  the  arts, 
556,  1  a.  Chromium  steel,  1  be:  see  XY. 
357,  2  a. 

Chromo-lithography,  X.  527,  2  c. 
Chromosphere,  of  the  sun,  XY.  473,  2  a. 
Chromotint  copies,  by  the  Arundel  society,  I. 
798,  2  c. 

“  Chronicle,  Thef  a  Boston  political  newspa¬ 
per,  I.  95,  1  c. 

Chronicle  of  the  Kings  of  the  Isle  of  Britain, 

IY.  179,  1  c. 

Cheonicles,  books  of  the  Old  Testament,  IY. 
556. 

Chronicles  of  Axum,  I.  48,  1  b. 

Chronicon,  of  Julius  Africanus,  I.  171,  2  a. 
Chronicon  Corbeiense,  mediaeval  history,  X. 
47,  2  c. 

Chronograph,  of  a  velocimeter,  XYI.  285,  2  a ; 


286,  2  a  (ill.,  285).  Ilipp’s  chronograph,  YI. 
489,  2  a. 

Cheonology,  IY.  556.  Measures  of  time,  2  c. 
Earliest  epochs,  557,  1  c.  Olympiads,  ib. 
Babylonian  era,  2  b  ;  Mohammedan  and 
Persian  eras,  2  c;  Armenian,  Hindoo,  and 
Chinese,  558,  1  a;  Jewish  and  Russian,  1  be; 
Christian,  1  c.  Era  of  the  creation,  2  b. 
Materials  for  the  chronologist,  559,  2  b. 
Aid  of  astronomy,  2  c.  Bibliography,  560, 
1  be. 

Cheonometee:  see  Clocks  and  Watches,  IY. 
702,  2  b;  703,  1  c,  2  a  (ills.).  Invention  of, 
X.  627,  2  be. 

Chronometer,  of  a  velocimeter,  XYI.  286,  1  a. 
Cheudim  [khroo'-dim],  town  of  Bohemia,  IY. 
560. 

Chkys'alis,  in  entomology,  IY.  560  (ill.). 
Chrysanthemum  leucan' themum  (botany),  Y. 
638,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cheyseis  [krl-se'-is],  in  the  Iliad,  IY.  561. 
Chryselephantine  sculpture  [kris-el-e-fan'-tin], 
XI Y.  716,  1  b;  XIII.  387,  2  c. 

Chrys'emis  pic'ta  (zoology),  XV.  811,  2  be  (ill.). 
Chryse’us  (zoology),  YI.  178,  2  c.  C.  primse- 
vus,  179, 1  a.  C.  scylax,  ib.  C.  Ceylonicus, 
ib.  C.  Australasia,  1  c.  C.  antlius,  ib.  C. 
jubatus,  2  a. 

Cheysip'pus,  Greek  philosopher,  IY.  561. 
Chrys'ler's  farm,  battle  of,  IY.  334,  2  b. 
Cheysobekyl  [kris'-o-ber-il],  gem,  IY.  561. 
Chrysochlo'ris  (zoology),  XI.  705,  1  be;  706, 
1  a.  C.  capensis,  ib. 

Chrys' ocolla,  mineral,  Y.  319,  1  c. 
Cheys'olite,  mineral,  IY.  561.  Oriental,  1  c. 
Chkysolo'eas,  Manuel,  Greek  scholar,  IY.  561. 
His  Erotemata,  introduction  to  Greek  gram¬ 
mar,  2  b.  John,  his  nephew,  2  c. 
Chrysomi'tris  tris'tis  (ornithology),  XYI.  779, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Chrysophan'ic  acid,  XIY.  304,  2  be. 
Chrysop'olis,  ancient  town,  XIY.  725,  1  a. 
Chry'sops  (entomology),  YI.  129,  2  ab ;  VII. 
551,  1  a.  C.  csecutiens,  1  ab.  C.  ferrugatus, 
1  b.  C.  vittatus,  ib. 

Chrysop'ylce,  or  Golden  Gate,  strait,  California, 
III.  600,  2  be. 

Chrysor'rhoas :  see  Damascene,  John. 
Chrysorrhoas,  river:  see  Baeada. 

Cheysostom,  John  [kris'-us-tum ;  more  cor¬ 
rectly,  kris-os'-tum],  a  father  of  the  church, 
IY.  561.  A  successful  lawyer,  562, 1  a.  Six 
years  of  asceticism,  1  b.  Made  archbishop 
of  Constantinople,  2  a.  Popularity  with  the 


CHKYSOTIS 


CIALDIXI 


199 


people,  2  c  ;  unpopularity  with  the  court 
and  clergy,  563,  1  a.  Denunciation  of  tho 
empress  Eudoxia,  1  b.  Deposition  of  13  bish¬ 
ops  for  simony  and  immorality,  1  c.  Tried 
and  deposed,  2  a.  Exiled  to  Nicaea,  2  b ;  re¬ 
called,  ib.  Again  condemned  and  exiled,  2  c. 
Banished  to  a  remote  desert,  564,  1  ab.  Per¬ 
ishes  with  fatigue  and  exposure  on  the  way, 
1  b.  Bibliography,  ib. 

Chrys'otis  (ornithology),  XIII.  126,  2  b.  C. 

Amazonicus,  2  be.  C.  festivus,  2  c. 

Ghrystie ,  experiment  of  respecting  glacial  mo¬ 
tion,  VII.  830,  1  b. 

CnszANOwsKi,  Adalbert  [khzha-nov'-ske],  Po¬ 
lish  general,  IV.  564. 

Chuapa  [chwa'-pa],  river  of  Chili,  IV.  564. 
Chub,  fish,  IV.  564;  ill.,  565. 

Chubb,  Thomas,  English  theological  writer, 
IV.  565. 

Chubb's  lock,  X.  563,  1  b  (ill.). 

Chuck ,  in  turning,  XVI.  73,  2  b ;  74,  1  a,  2  a. 
Chuck  Will’s  Widow:  see  Goatsucker. 
Chucuito  [choo-kwe'-to],  province  of  Peru,  IV. 

565.  Capital,  2  a. 

Chucuyto:  see  Chucuito. 

Chudleigh  [chud'-le],  town  of  England,  IV. 
565. 

Chudleigh ,  Elizabeth ,  duchess  of  Kingston, 

X.  11,  1  a. 

Chulm  [khoolm],  country  of,  VIII.  704,  1  be. 
Chulo  [choo'-lo],  in  bull  fight,  III.  426,  1  b. 
Chumbul  [chiim-bul'],  river  of  Hindostan,  IV. 
565. 

Chunam  [choo-nam'J,  a  hard  plaster,  IV.  791, 1  c. 
Chunar',  town  and  fortress  of  India,  IV.  565. 
Chunargurh' :  see  Chunar. 

Chund,  Hindoo  poet,  IV.  565. 

Chunda  Sahib ,  nabob  of  the  Carnatic,  IV.  693, 

1  ab,  be. 

Chunderee :  see  Chendaree. 

Chunder  Sen ,  Hindoo  religious  reformer,  XI. 
647,  1  c. 

Chuni  [koo'-ni],  (Huns),  IX.  67,  1  c. 
Chunkhead,  snake,  V.  321,  1  a. 

Chuflo  [choo'-nyo],  species  of  potato,  X.  158, 

2  c. 

Chup'ra,  town  of  British  India,  IV.  566. 
Chuquisaca  [choo-ke-sa'-ka],  department  of 
Bolivia,  IV.  566.  Capital :  see  Sucre. 
Chuquito  [choo-ke'-to] :  see  Chucuito. 

Chur  [khoor] :  see  Coire. 

Church,  collective  body  of  Christians,  IV.  566. 
Edifice  for  public  worship,  2  a.  Church 
and  state,  relation  of:  see  Christianity, 


IV.  530,  2  c ;  538,  1  a ;  542,  2  c;  544,  1  ab. 
Use  of  images  in  the  early  church :  see 
Iconoclasts. 

Church,  Benjamin,  American  soldier,  IV.  566. 
Church,  Benjamin,  American  physician,  IV. 
566. 

Church,  Pathers  of  the,  IV.  567. 

CnuRcn,  Frederick  Edwin,  American  painter, 
IV.  567. 

Church ,  Col.  George ,  engineer,  referred  to, 

III.  15,  1  a. 

Church,  John  Hubbard,  American  clergyman, 

IV.  567. 

CnuRCH,  Sir  Eichard,  commander  in  the  Greek 
war  of  independence,  IV.  567. 

Church  of  the  Augsburg  Confession :  see  Lu¬ 
theran  Church,  X.  731,  1  ab. 

Church  of  Christ ,  sect,  VI.  132,  1  a. 

CHURcn  of  England  :  see  England,  Church  of. 
Church  of  God :  see  Winebrenner. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre ,  Jerusalem,  IX. 
615,  2  c;  ill.,  616. 

Church  of  the  Nativity ,  Bethlehem,  II.  594, 
2  c  ;  ill.,  595. 

Church'ill,  county,  IV.  568. 

Churchill,  river  of  British  America,  IV.  568. 
Churchill ,  Arabella ,  sister  of  the  duke  of 
Marlborough,  II.  586,  2  ab. 

CnuRcniLL,  Charles,  English  poet,  IV.  568. 
Churchill ,  Dr.,  on  the  Caesarean  operation,  III. 
544,  2  c. 

CnuRCHiLL,  John  :  see  Marlborough,  Duke  of. 
Churchman,  William  II.,  superintendent  of  in¬ 
stitutions  for  the  blind,  IV.  568. 

CnuRcn  Kate,  IV.  569. 

Church  session,  in  the  Presbyterian  church, 
VI.  495,  1  be ;  XIII.  809,  1  b. 

Churls :  see  Anglo-Saxons,  I.  499,  2  c. 
Churn,  IV.  569.  Dash  churn,  1  be  ;  III.  494, 

1  be.  Swing  churn,  IV.  569, 1  c ;  III.  494,  2  a. 
Churruoa  y  Elorza,  Cosme  Damian  de  [choor- 

roo'-ka  e  a-lore'-tha],  Spanish  naval  officer, 
IV.  569. 

Chur'rus,  resinous  exudation  from  hemp,  VIII. 
633,  1  ab. 

CnuRUBUsco  [choo-roo-boos'-ko],  village  of 
Mexico,  IV.  569.  Battle  of,  2  c. 

Chusan  [choo-san'J,  group  of  islands,  China, 
IV.  570. 

Chyle  [kile],  IV.  570  ;  X.  750, 1  ab ;  XIII.  35, 

2  a. 

CnYME,  IV.  570. 

Cialdini,  Enrico  [chal-de'-ne],  Italian  soldier, 
IV.  570. 


200 


CIBAO 


cinchoxic 


Cibao  [se-ba'-o],  mountain  range  of  Hayti,  IV. 
571. 

Cibber,  Caius  Gabriel,  English  sculptor,  IY. 

571.  Colley,  poet  and  dramatist,  2  a  ;  sub¬ 
stitution  of  for  Theobald  in  the  Dunciad, 
XIII.  710,  1  c,  XYI.  448,  1  be.  Theophi- 
lus,  actor  and  author,  2  b.  Susannah  Maria, 
actress,  2  c. 

Cibot,  Francois  Barth61emy  Michel  Edouard 
[se-bo],  French  painter,  IY.  571. 

Cibot,  Pierre  Martial,  Jesuit  missionary,  IY. 

572. 

Cibeario,  Luigi  [che-bra'-re-o],  Italian  states¬ 
man  and  historian,  IV.  572. 

Cibus  deorum  (food  of  the  gods),  I.  802,  1  c. 
Cicacole',  town,  fort,  and  cantonment  of 
British  India,  IY.  572. 

Cica'da  (entomology),  VIII.  501,  1  ab.  C. 
septendecim,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  canicularis,  502, 
2  a.  C.  plebeia,  2  c  (ill.).  C.  orni,  ib.  (ill.). 
Cicatric'ula,  in  the  impregnated  ovum,  VI. 

450,  2  c,  and  561,  2  c. 

Ci'cer  arieti'num  (botany),  XIII.  203,  1  c. 
Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius,  Roman  orator,  states¬ 
man,  and  philosopher,  IY.  572.  His  char¬ 
acter,  573,  1  c.  His  works,  2  b,  If.  As  an 
orator  and  writer,  X.  195,  1  be.  His  con¬ 
tempt  of  merchants  and  artisans,  XIII.  665, 

1  c.  Friendship  for  Roscius,  XIY.  432,  1  c. 
Cicero ,  body  of  type,  XYI.  93,  2  be. 

Cicero  of  Portugal,  XII.  721,  2  b. 

“  Ciceromaniaf  IY.  573,  2  c. 

“  Ciceroniansf  IY.  573,  2  c. 

Ciclio'rium  in'tybus  (botany),  IY.  408,  1  c  (ill.). 
Cicinnurus  re'gius  [sis-in-nu'-rus],  (ornitholo¬ 
gy),  II.  651,  1  b  (ill.,  650). 

Cioogna,  Emmanuele  Antonio  [che-ko'-nya], 
Italian  historian,  IY.  577. 

Cico'nia  (ornithology),  XY.  403,  2  a.  C.  alba, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Ciou'ta,  genus  of  plants,  IY.  577.  C.  macu- 
lata,  1  a.  C.  virosa,  ib. 

Cid,  The,  or  Cid  Campeador  [Sp.  thee£7i  kam- 
pa-a-^ore'],  Spanish  hero,  IY.  577.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  III.  449,  1  c. 

Cider,  IY.  578.  Cider  mill,  1  c  (ill.).  Cider 
press,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cienfuegos  [se-ain-fwa'-goce],  city  of  Cuba, 
IY.  578. 

Cienfuegos,  Nicasio  Alvarez  de,  Spanish  poet 
and  dramatist,  IY.  578. 

Cieza  [the-a'-tha],  town  of  Spain,  IY.  579. 
Cigar  [se-gar'J,  IY.  579.  Tobacco  for  cigars, 
1  ab.  Manufacture  of,  in  Cuba,  2  a ;  in  the 


Philippines,  2  b ;  in  the  United  States,  2  c. 
Consumption  of,  580,  1  b. 

Cigar  boat ,  steamer,  III.  445,  2  a. 

Cigarettes  [se-gar-rets'J,  paper  for,  I.  267,  1  a. 
Cigarrito  [se-gar-re'-to],  small  cigar,  IY.  579, 

1  ab. 

Cignani,  Carlo  [che-nya'-ne],  Italian  painter, 
IY.  580. 

Cignaeoli,  Giovanni  Bettino  [che-nya-ro'-le], 
Italian  painter,  IY.  580. 

Cigoli  [clie'-go-le] :  see  Cardi,  Ludovico. 

Cilia,  hair-like  processes,  IV.  580.  In  micro¬ 
scopical  animalcules,  1  c ;  in  the  lower  plants, 

2  b ;  in  the  higher  animals,  2  c.  See  Ani¬ 
malcules,  I.  514,  1  c,  2  c,  and  517,  1  b; 
Cirripedes,  IV.  612,  1  c. 

Ciliary  circle ,  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  1  ab. 
Ciliary  processes,  1  b.  Ciliary  ganglion, 
47,  2  a. 

Cilicia  [se-lish'-a],  ancient  division  of  Asia 
Minor,  IY.  581. 

Cilician  gates ,  mountain  pass,  XY.  586,  1  b. 
Ciliobranchiata ,  moss  animals,  III.  373,  1  c. 
Cilli:  see  Cilly. 

Cilly  [tsil'-le],  town  of  Austria,  IV.  581. 
Cimabue,  Giovanni  [che-ma-boo'-a],  “father 
of  modern  painting,”  IY.  581. 

Cimarosa,  Domenico  [che-ma-ro'-za],  Italian 
composer,  IY.  582. 

Cimarron  [se-mar-rone'],  New  Mexico  :  see 
Elizabethtown ,  county  seats  (Index). 

Cimbex  ulmi  (entomology),  XIY.  653,  2  c  (ill.). 
Cimbri,  ancient  people,  IY.  582 ;  VII.  737, 
2  ab.  Their  defeat  and  extermination,  IV. 
583,  1  ab;  XI.  173,  1  c. 

Cimbric  Bosporus,  IY.  381,  2  b. 

Cimbric  Chersonese,  IY.  381,  2  b ;  IX.  730, 1  a. 
Ci'mex  lectula'rius,  bed  bug,  YI.  696,  2  c  (ill.). 
Cimicif'uga  (botany),  IV.  583.  C.  racemosa, 
ib.,  and  Y.  22,  2  be. 

Cimicifugine  [sim-e-sif'-u-jin],  resin,  Y.  23, 1  a. 
Cimmerian  Bosporus,  III.  113, 1  c ;  IV.  583,  2  a. 
Cimmerii  [sim-me'-re-l],  ancient  nomadic  race, 
IY.  583 ;  VIII.  96,  2  a. 

Cimon,  Athenian  general  and  statesman,  IY. 

583.  Peace  of,  VIII.  191,  1  c;  IV.  584,  1  c. 
Cinaloa  :  see  Sinaloa. 

Cinchona  [sin-ko'-na],  Peruvian  or  Jesuits’ 
bark,  IY.  584.  Species  and  varieties  of, 
2  c.  C.  calisaya,  ib.,  and  585,  2  a  (ill.). 
False  barks,  585,  1  a.  Alkaloids  of,  2  c. 
Their  medicinal  uses,  586,  2  c. 

Cinchonia,  alkaloid,  IY.  586,  2  b;  587,  1  b. 
Cinchonic  acid :  see  Kinic  Acid. 


cinchonicia 


CIRCUMCELLIONES 


201 


Cinchonicia,  alkaloid,  IV.  586,  2  be. 
Cinchonidia,  alkaloid,  IV.  586,  2  b. 

Gincine  [sin'-sin],  alkaloid,  IV.  585,  2  c. 
Cincinnati  [sin-sin-nat'-e],  city  of  Ohio,  IV. 
587;  view,  588.  Site,  587,  1  c.  Environs,  588, 
2  a.  Population.  2  c.  Description,  589, 1  a. 
Parks  and  public  grounds,  2  a.  Tyler  David¬ 
son  fountain,  2  c  (ill.).  Bridges,  590,  1  ab. 
Public  buildings,  2  be.  Railroads,  591,  1  c. 
Commerce,  2  c.  Manufactures,  592,  1  a. 
Government,  593,  2  a.  Water  supply,  2  b. 
Finances,  2  c.  Charitable  institutions,  594, 
1  a.  Education,  2  b.  Libraries,  societies, 
and  associations,  595, 1  be.  Places  of  amuse¬ 
ment,  2  c.  Newspapers,  &c.,  ib.  Church 
edifices,  ib.  History,  596,  1  a. 

Cincinnati,  Society  of  the,  IV.  596.  Badge, 

(ill.). 

Cincinnati  arch  or  anticlinal  (geology),  XII. 
591,  2  b. 

Cincinnati  group ,  in  geology,  X.  252,  2  a. 
Cincinnatus,  Lucius  Quintius,  Roman  senator 
and  dictator,  IV.  597. 

Ginclo'des  (ornithology),  XII.  745,  2  a. 

Cinclus  (ornithology),  XII.  744, 1  c.  C.  Ameri¬ 
can  us,  2  a.  C.  aquaticus,  ib. 

Cinder ,  or  slag,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  426,  1  c. 
Ricli  and  poor  cinder  in  steel  making,  XV. 
358,  1  c.  Puddling  cinder,  IX.  400,  2  ab. 
Forge  and  mill  cinders,  411,  2  c. 

Cinder  pig,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX.  400,  2  b. 
Cin'eas,  minister  of  Pyrrhus  of  Epirus,  IV.  598. 
Cingalese' ,  inhabitants  of  Ceylon,  IV.  220,  2  be 
(ill.,  221);  IX.  213,  2  c,  214,  2  be. 
Cingalese  Language,  IV.  598 ;  IX.  221,  2  b. 

Literature,  IV.  598,  2  c. 

Cinna,  Lucius  Cornelius,  Roman  consul,  IV.  599. 
Cinnabar,  ore  of  mercury,  IV.  599.  Artificial, 

600,  1  a.  Brunner’s  process,  1  be. 
Cinnamomum  cassia  (botany),  IV.  63,  2  a  (ill.)  ; 

601,  1  ab.  C.  Ceylonicum,  II.  314,  1  be. 
Cinnamon,  bark,  IV.  600.  Cinnamon  tree,  1  c 

(ill.) ;  II.  314,  1  c.  Uses  of  cinnamon,  IV. 
601,  1  a. 

Cinnamon  Stone,'  variety  of  garnet,  IV.  601 ; 
VII.  625,  1  be. 

Cino  da  Pistoja  [che'-no  da  pis-to'-ya],  Italian 
poet  and  jurist,  IV.  601. 

Cinq-Mars,  Henri  Coiffier  de  Ruz6,  marquis 
[sang-marce],  French  conspirator,  IV.  601  ; 
XIV.  318,  1  a. 

Cinque  cento  [ching'-kwa  chen'-to],  in  architec¬ 
ture,  I.  664,  2  be  ;  in  literature  and  art,  IX. 
461,  1  b. 


Cinque  Ports  [sink],  channel  ports  of  England^ 
IV.  601.  Lord  warden  of  the,  2  be.  Barons 
of  the,  2  c. 

Cin'tra,  town  of  Portugal,  IV.  601.  Penha 
convent,  602,  1  a  (ill.).  Convention  of,  ib. 
Beckford’s  palace  at,  II.  442,  2  c. 

Cione,  Andrea  di  [cho'-na] :  see  Orcagna. 
Ciotat,  La  [la  se-o-ta],  seaport  of  France,  IV. 

602. 

Cipher,  in  numeral  notation,  IV.  602.  Inter¬ 
weaving  of  initial  letters  in  a  significant  de¬ 
vice,  1  c.  Artist’s  monogram,  2  a.  Disguised 
writing,  ib.  Modern  use  of  cipher  writing, 
2  b. 

Cippus  Abellanus ,  ancient  brass  tablet  with 
Oscan  inscription,  IX.  440,  1  ab. 

Circa! a  Lutetiana  (botany),  XII.  445,  2  ab. 
Circars,  Northern  [seer-karz'],  old  division  in 
British  India,  IV.  602. 

Circassia,  region  of  European  Russia,  IV.  603. 
Circassians,  2  a  (ill.).  Social  grades  and  cus¬ 
toms,  2  c.  Slave  trade,  604,  1  c.  Religion, 
2  b.  Language,  2  c.  History,  605,  1  a. 
Circe  [sur'-se],  mythical  sorceress,  IV.  605. 
Circeii  [sur-se'-yi],  ancient  city  of  Latium,  IV. 

605. 

Circensian  Games,  in  the  Roman  circus,  IV. 

606. 

Circle,  IV.  606.  See  Quadrant,  XIV.  122, 1  a. 
Circle  parry ,  in  fencing,  VII.  121,  1  b. 

Circle  of  Ulloa ,  or  white  rainbow,  VIII.  406, 

1  a. 

Circle  of  Willis,  in  anatomy,  I.  458,  2  b. 
Circles,  Fenian,  VII.  125,  1  a,  b. 

Circle ville,  city  of  Ohio,  IV.  606. 

Circuits,  of  courts,  IV.  606. 

Circuits,  Methodist,  XI.  451,  2  b. 

Circular  Measure,  IV.  606.  Circular  min¬ 
utes  and  seconds,  how  marked,  2  a.  Minutes 
and  seconds  of  time,  ib. 

Circular  system,  in  fortification,  VII.  329,  2  c. 
Circulating  Medium  :  see  Money. 
Circulation,  of  the  blood,  IV.  606.  Structure 
of  the  heart,  2  b.  Course  of  circulation,  2  c. 
Harvey’s  discoveries,  607,  1  b.  Action  of 
the  heart,  1  a.  Movement  in  the  arteries, 

2  c ;  in  the  capillaries,  608,  2  be;  in  the 
veins,  609,  1  c.  Variations  of  circulation, 
2  c.  General  rapidity  of  circulation,  610, 
1  b.  Time  required,  1  c.  Principle  of  the 
circulation  of  the  blood  foreshadowed  :  see 
Cecco  d’Ascoli,  IV.  163,  2  a. 

Circumcellio'nes,  ancient  fanatics,  IV.  610; 
VI.  208,  1  c,  2  a. 


202 


CIRCUMCISION 


CIVIL 


Circumcision,  IV.  610.  In  the  Abyssinian 
church,  2  c ;  I.  48,  2  c.  Practised  by  the 
Bechuanas,  II.  438,  1  c ;  by  the  Feejees, 
VII.  112,  1  c. 

Circumflexus  palati  (anatomy),  XII.  817,  2  a. 
Circumnavigation,  IV.  611. 

Circumvallation :  see  Siege,  XV.  27,  1  a ; 
28,  2  b. 

Circus,  Roman,  IV.  611.  Circus  maximus, 
1  be ;  other  circuses,  2  a.  Modern  circuses,  2  b. 
Circus  (ornithology),  VIII.  475,  2  b.  C.  Hud- 
sonius,  2  c.  C.  cyaneus,  476,  1  be  (ill.). 
Other  species,  ib. 

Cirencester  [sis'-es-ter],  town  of  England,  IV. 
611. 

Cire  perdue  [seer  pair-dii],  (waste  wrax),  use  in 
modelling,  II.  354,  2  a. 

Cirillo,  Domenico  [che-reel'-lo],  Italian  repub¬ 
lican  and  naturalist,  IV.  612. 

Cirrhop'oda :  see  Cirripedes. 

Cirrho'sis ,  degeneration  of  the  liver,  X.  538, 
1  c ;  VI.  266,  1  b. 

Cirripedes  [sir'-re-peeds ;  Lat.  sir-rip'-e-deez], 
crustaceans,  IV.  612  (ill.)* 

Oir’sium  (botany),  XV.  712,  2  a. 

Cirta  [sur'-ta],  ancient  city  of  Numidia,  IV. 
612. 

Cisalpine  Republic  [sis-al'-pin],  IV.  612 ;  III. 
39,  2  a;  IX.  451,  1  ab. 

Cisleiihan  Austria  [sis-li'-than] :  see  Cislei- 

THANIA. 

Cisleitha'nia,  part  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy,  IV.  613. 

Cis'padane  Republic,  IV.  613. 

Cisplatina  [sis-pla-te'-na],  former  Brazilian 
province,  XVI.  228,  1  c. 

Cissey,  Ernest  Louis  Octave  Courtot  de  [diih 
sees-sa],  French  soldier,  IV.  613. 

Cissia :  see  Susiana. 

Cissoid ,  in  analytical  geometry,  I.  456,  1  b. 
Cistercians,  IV.  613;  XI.  730,  1  b.  Cister¬ 
cian  monk  (ill.),  IV.  613. 

Cistudo  Blandingii  (zoology),  XV.  811,  2  a. 

C.  Virginea,  clausa,  or  Carolina,  812, 1  c  (ill.). 
Citadel:  see  Fortification,  VII.  330,  1  ab. 
Citeaux  [se-to],  hamlet  of  France,  and  Cister¬ 
cian  abbey,  IV.  614. 

Cith^e'ron,  range  of  mountains  in  Greece,  IV. 

614;  II.  94, 1  b.  Cithasronianlion,  IV.  614, 1  c. 
Cith'ara :  see  Lyre,  X.  759,  2  b. 

Cities  of  refuge,  VIII.  584,  2  be. 

Citium  [sish'-e-um] :  see  Larnaka. 

Citizen,  IV.  614.  Law  of  citizenship,  2  a. 
Citoyen  [se-twa-yane] :  see  Monsieur. 


Cit'rate  of  lime,  IV.  615,  1  a.  Of  magnesia, 
X.  852,  1  be,  c.  Of  potash,  XIII.  764,  1  a. 
Citric  Acid,  IV.  614.  Adulteration  of,  615, 
1  c ;  how  detected,  ib. 

Citron,  fruit,  IV.  615.  Citron  tree,  2  a  (ill.). 
Green  citron  melon,  XI.  373,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Citron  watermelon,  374,  1  c  (ill.). 

Citronelle  [sit-ro-nel'J,  grass,  VIII.  167,  2  ab. 
Citrullus  colocynthis  (botany),  V.  81,  2  a  (ill.). 

C.  vulgaris,  XI.  373,  2  be  (ills.) ;  372,  1  be. 
Ci'trum,  ancient  town,  XIV.  103, 1  b  (Pydna). 
Citrus ,  town :  see  Citrum. 

Cit'rus  (botany),  XII.  661,  2  c;  662,  1  a.  C. 
aurantium,  661,  2  b  (ill.).  C.  deliciosa,  663, 
1  c.  C.  margarita,  II.  555,  2  a  (ill.).  C. 
medica,  IV.  615,  2  a  (ill.) ;  referred  to,  X. 
336,  1  c,  XII.  662,  1  c.  C.  limonium,  X. 
336,  1  be.  C.  limetta,  lima,  or  acida,  480, 

1  c.  C.  decumana,  XIV.  808,  1  a,  c  (ill.). 
Cittd  Leonina  [cheet-ta'  la-o-ne'-na]  :  see 

Leonine  City. 

Cittd  Notabile  [-be'-la] :  see  Citta  Vecchia. 
CittaVecciiia  [vek'-kya],  city  of  Malta,  IV.  616. 
City :  see  Town,  XV.  828,  2  a. 

City ,  the  (London),  X.  591,  1  c;  612,  1  ab. 
City  of  Icings  (Cashel),  IV.  53,  2  c. 

City  of  the  plague  (Astrabad),  II.  41,  2  c. 

City  road,  London,  X.  593,  1  be. 

Ciudad  Bolivar  [thu-£M£A'  bo-le'-var]  :  see 
Angostura  (city). 

Ciudad  Real  [ra-al'] :  see  San  Cristobal. 
Ciudad  Real,  province  of  Spain,  IV.  616. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Ciudad  Rodrigo  [ro-^re'-go],  town  of  Spain, 
IV.  616. 

Cives :  see  Onion,  XII.  631,  2  b  (ill.). 

Civ'et,  digitigrade  mammal,  IV.  617  (ill.)* 
Civet  cat,  2  be  (ill.). 

Civiale,  Jean  [se-vyal],  French  surgeon,  IV. 
617. 

Cividale  del  Friuli  [che-ve-da'-la  del  fre-oo'- 
le] :  see  Friuli. 

Civil  freedom  in  England,  its  foundation  in  a 
clause  of  the  Magna  Charta,  V.  151,  2  a. 
Civi'lis,  Claudius,  Batavian  leader,  IV.  626 ; 
XII.  246,  2  a. 

Civilization,  Buckle’s  theory  of  the  causes  of 
its  progress,  III.  389,  1  c. 

Civil  Law,  IV.  618.  Roman  law,  1  b ;  first 
period,  2  c;  second,  619,  2  a;  third,  620, 

2  a;  fourth,  621,  2  c.  Valentinian’s  law  of 
quotation,  622,  1  c.  Constitutions  of  the 
emperors,  2  a.  Germano-Roman  laws,  2  c. 
Justinian’s  collections,  623,  1  be.  The  Pan- 


CIVIL 


CLARK 


203 


dects,  2  a ;  maimer  of  citing  them,  C24,  1  c. 
The  Basilica,  C25,  1  ab.  Revival  of  the 
study  of  the  Roman  law,  1  b. 

Civil  liberty ,  English ,  progress  of,  VI.  621,1c. 
Civil  suits ,  proceedings  in,  XIV.  25,  1  ab. 

Civil  war ,  between  Charles  I.  and  parliament, 
commencement  of,  XI.  539,  1  a;  IV.  280, 
2  ah;  VI.  613,  2  a. 

Civita  Castellana  [che-ve-ta'Jkas-tel-la'-na], 
town  of  Italy,  iV.  626  (ill.). 

Civita  di  Penne  [de  pen'-na],  IV.  627. 

Civitd  Lavigna  [la-ve'-nya] :  see  Lanuvium. 
Civ'itas  Eburov'icum :  see  Evreux. 

Civitas  Ecolismen' sium :  see  Angouleme. 
Civitas  Seno'num :  see  Sens. 

Civitas  Turo'num :  see  Tours. 

Civitas  Veneto'rum:  see  Vannes. 

Civita  Vecchia  [che-ve-ta'  vek'-kya],  seaport 
of  Italy,  IV.  627  (ill.). 

Clackman'nansiiire,  county  of  Scotland,  IV. 

627. 

Cladonia  coccinia  (botany),  X.  408,  2  b  (ill.). 

C.  rangiferina,  410,  2  be. 

Cladosporium ,  fungus,  VII.  532,  2  a ;  XI.  2  a. 
Cladrastis  tinctoria  (botany),  XVI.  371, 1  c  (ill.). 
Claflin  university,  South  Carolina,  XV.  197, 2  a. 
Claiborne  [kla'-burn],  three  counties,  IV.  627. 
Clairaut,  Alexis  Claude  [kla-ro],  French  ma¬ 
thematician,  IV.  628.  See  Comet,  V.  140, 2  a. 
Clairfait  :  see  Clerfayt. 

Clairon,  Claire  Josephe  Hippolyte  Leyris  de 
Latude  [kla-rong],  French  actress,  IV.  628. 
Clairvaux  [klair-vo],  village  of  France,  IV. 

628. '  Monastery  of,  1  c;  II.  573,  1  be. 
Clairvoy'ance ,  I.  526,  1  b ;  XV.  275,  2  c. 
Clajus,  Johann  [kla'-yoos],  German  clergy¬ 
man  and  author,  IV.  628.  Johann,  clergy¬ 
man  and  poet,  2  c. 

Clallam,  county,  IV.  628. 

Clallams,  tribe  of  Indians,  IV.  629. 

Clam,  IV.  629.  Giant  clam,  1  b  (ill.).  Soft 
clam,  1  c,  2  a  (ill.).  Hard  clam  or  quahaug, 
1  c  (ill.).  Broad  sea  clam,  ib.  Fresh-water 
clams,  1  c-2  a. 

Clamecy  [klam-se],  town  of  France,  IV.  629. 
Clamp ,  for  baking  bricks,  III.  267,  1  a. 

Clamps  of  peat,  XIII.  218,  2  b. 

Clam  Shell  cave ,  in  Staffa,  XV.  301,  1  a. 

Clans ,  Scottish  highland  tribes,  XIV.  700,  2  b. 
Clanwilliam,  district  of  Cape  Colony,  IV.  630. 
Clap,  Thomas,  American  clergyman,  IV.  630. 
CLAPARknE,  Ldouard  [kla-pa-raid],  French 
naturalist,  IV.  630. 

Clapham  sect ,  referred  to,  X.  7 69,  1  a. 


Clapisson,  Louis  [kla-pe-song],  French  com¬ 
poser,  IV.  630. 

Clapp, Theodore,  American  clergyman,  IV.  630. 

Clapper  rail ,  bird,  XIV.  169,  1  c. 

Clapperton,  Hugh,  English  traveller,  IV.  630 ; 
I.  170,  2  be. 

Claquato,  county  seat,  X.  383,  2  b. 

Clarao,  Charles  Othon  Frederic  Jean  Bap¬ 
tiste,  count  [kla-rak],  French  antiquary  and 
artist,  IV.  631. 

Clare,  county  of  Michigan,  IV.  631. 

Clare,  county  of  Ireland,  IV.  631. 

Clare,  John,  English  poet,  IV.  631. 

Claremont',  town  of  Hew  Hampshire,  IV. 
631. 

Clare'mont,  English  royal  palace,  IV.  631. 

Clarence ,  dulce  of,  brother  of  Edward  IV.,  VI. 
436,  2  be,  437, 1  b ;  XVI.  468, 1  b,  ff.  Broth¬ 
er  of  Edward  V.,  murdered  in  the  tower  of 
London,  VI.  437,  2  be.  See  William  IV., 
XVI.  631,  2  b. 

Clarendon,  county,  IV.  631. 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  earl  of,  British 
statesman  and  historian,  IV.  632.  Edward 
Hyde,  third  earl  of :  see  Cornbury. 

Clarendon,  George  William  Frederick  Villi ers, 
fourth  earl  of,  British  statesman,  IV.  634. 
Edward  Hyde  Villiers,  fifth  earl  of,  635, 1  b. 

Clarendon,  constitutions  or  customs  of,  VIII. 
642,  2  c;  II.  441,  1  b  (twice) ;  V.  149,  2  a. 
Referred  to,  IV.  635,  1  c. 

Clarendon  Park,  locality  in  England,  IV.  635. 

Clarendon  press  building,  Oxford,  XII.  763,  2  a. 

Clarenines  [klar'-e-nins] :  see  Franciscans, 
VII.  425,  2  c. 

Clares,  Poor,  order  of,  VII.  427,  1  a. 

Claret  :  see  France,  Wines  of,  VII.  411,  1  a, 
and  XV.  225,  1  be. 

Claretie,  Jules  Arnaud  [kla-ruh-se],  French 
author,  IV.  635. 

Clari,  Giovanni  Carlo  Maria  [kla'-re],  Italian 
composer,  IV.  635. 

Clarichord:  see  Clavichord. 

Clarinda,  county  seat,  XII.  789,  2  b. 

Clarinet',  musical  instrument,  IV.  635. 

Clar'ion,  county,  IV.  635. 

Clark,  five  counties,  IV.  685. 

Clark,  Abraham,  American  patriot,  IV.  636. 

Clark,  Alvan,  American  optician,  IV.  636. 

Clark,  Davis  Wasgatt,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  IV.  637. 

Clark,  Sir  James,  British  physician,  IV.  637. 

Clark,  Jonas,  American  clergyman  and  pa¬ 
triot,  IV.  637. 


204 


CLARK 


CLAYIGO 


Clark,  Lewis  Gaylord  and  Willis  Gaylord, 
American  journalists,  IY.  637. 

Clark,  Thomas  March,  American  bishop,  IY. 
637. 

Clarke,  nine  counties,  IY.  637. 

Clarke,  Adam,  British  clergyman,  IY.  638. 

Clarke,  Charles  Cowden,  English  author,  IY. 
639.  (Died  1877.) 

Clarke,  Edward  Daniel,  English  traveller  and 
mineralogist,  IY.  639. 

Clarke,  Henri  Jacques  Guillaume,  count 
d’Hunebourg,  duke  de  Feltre,  and  marshal 
of  France,  IY.  639. 

Clarke,  Hyde,  English  engineer  and  author, 
IY.  640. 

Clarke,  James  Freeman,  American  clergyman, 
IY.  640. 

Clarke,  John,  one  of  the  founders  of  Rhode 
Island,  IV.  640. 

Clarke,  M’Donald,  American  poet,  IY.  641. 

Clarke,  Mary  Anne,  mistress  of  Frederick, 
duke  of  York,  IY.  641  ;  VII.  709,  1  b. 

Clarke,  Mary  Victoria  Cowden,  English  au¬ 
thoress,  IY.  641.  Her  “Concordance  to 
Shakespeare,”  2  b. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  English  clergyman,  IY.  641 ; 
XI.  807,  1  b,  812,  1  b  (Moral  Philosophy). 

Clarke,  William,  American  soldier,  IY.  642. 

Clarke’s  Fork,  branch  of  the  Columbia  river, 
IY.  642. 

Clarkesville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  365,  1  c. 

Clarksburg ,  county  seat,  VIII.  480,  2  c. 

Clarkson-,  Thomas,  English  philanthropist, 
IV.  642.  His  agitation  against  the  slave 
trade,  2  c,  ff.;  its  success,  643,  1  b.  Eman¬ 
cipation  in  the  West  Indies,  1  c. 

Clarksville ,  county  seats,  IX.  656,  2  a;  XI. 
787,  1  a;  XIY.  237,  2  a. 

Claras  Mons ,  castle  of,  IY.  673,  1  c. 

Clary ,  a  species  of  sage,  XIY.  518,  2  c. 

Classen ,  Australian  explorer,  X.  326,  2  be. 

Classics ,  discoveries  of:  see  Mai,  Angelo; 
PETRARcn,  XIII.  364,  1  c ;  Niebuhr,  XII. 
438,  1  a ;  Manuscript,  XI.  132,  1  c,  2  a,  ff. 

Classic  school ,  in  French  art,  XII.  802,  1  c. 

Classis ,  in  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  church  in 
America,  XIY.  258,  1  a. 

Class  leader ,  Methodist,  XI.  452,  2  c. 

Clastic  Anatomy  :  see  Anatomical  Prepara¬ 
tions,  I.  460,  1  b. 

Clath'rus,  fungus,  odor  of,  VII.  530,  1  be ; 
533,  2  b. 

Clatsop,  county,  IY.  643. 

Claude,  Jean  [klode],  French  Protestant  cler¬ 


gyman,  IY.  643.  His  views  of  the  Augs¬ 
burg  Confession,  X.  733,  2  a. 

Claude  Lorraine,  French  painter,  IY.  643. 
His  books  of  drawings,  644,  1  ab.  His 
landscapes,  1  b. 

Claudia  Castra ,  ancient  city,  VIII.  38,  1  a. 

Claudian  (Claudius  Claudianus),  Roman  poet, 
IY.  644 ;  X.  200,  2  a. 

Claudia  Quinta,  Roman  matron,  IY.  644. 

Claudius,  name  of  two  Roman  emperors,  IY. 

644.  Tiberius  Claudius  Drusus  Nero  Ger- 
manicus,  2  be.  Marcus  Aurelius  Claudius 
Gothicus,  645,  1  b. 

Claudius,  emperor,  decree  restricting  new 
year’s  presents,  XII.  351,  2  c. 

Claudius,  Matthias  [klow'-de-oos],  German 
writer,  IY.  645. 

Claudius  C^ecus,  Appius,  Roman  censor,  IY. 

645. 

Claudius  Crassus,  Appius,  Roman  decemvir, 
IY.  645. 

Claudius  Nero,  Roman  general,  IY.  646. 

Claudius  Nero,  Tiberius,  father  of  the  em¬ 
peror  Tiberius,  IY.  646. 

Claused,  Bertrand,  count  [klo-zel],  French 
soldier,  IY.  646. 

Clausen,  Henrik  Nikolai  [klow'-zen],  Danish 
theologian  and  statesman,  IY.  647. 

Clausenburg  :  see  Klausenburg. 

Clausenette,  Mme.  de  [kloze-net],  I.  362,  1  a. 

Clausen'tum,  Roman  camp  in  England,  re¬ 
mains  of,  XY.  189,  1  ab. 

Clausewitz,  Karl  von  [fon  klow'-z&li-vits], 
Prussian  soldier  and  military  writer,  IY.  647. 

Claussen's  flax  cotton ,  VII.  264,  2  a. 

Clausthal  [klowce'-tal],  town  of  Prussia,  IY. 
647. 

Clava'rice ,  fungi,  VII.  533,  2  be. 

Clavenna :  see  Chiavenna. 

Clav'erack  Landing ,  town,  IX.  28,  2  a. 

Claverhouse  [klav'-er-us] :  see  Graham,  John. 

Clavichord  [klav'-e-kord],  musical  instrument, 
IY.  647 ;  XII.  79,  1  b ;  XIII.  488,  1  a. 

Clavicithe' rium,  musical  instrument,  XIII.  488, 
1  a. 

Clav'icle,  collar  bone,  IY.  647. 

Claviere,  Etienne  [kla-vyair],  banker  of  Paris, 
IY.  648. 

Claviform  inscriptions ,  Y.  570,  2  c. 

Clavigero,  Francisco  Saverio  [kla-vij'-e-ro ;  Sp. 
kla-ve'-kha-ro],  Mexican  historian,  IY.  648. 

Clavigo  [kla-ve'-go],  Goethe’s  drama:  see  Beau¬ 
marchais,  II.  428,  2  a,  and  Clavijo  y  Fa- 
xardo,  IY.  648,  2  a. 


CL  A  VI  JO 


CLEMENT 


205 


Clayijo,  Ruy  Gonzalez  de  [kla-ve'-kho],  Cas¬ 
tilian  ambassador  to  Tamerlane,  IV.  648. 

Clayijo  y  Faxardo,  Josd  [e  fa-khar'-£Ao], 
Spanish  author,  IV.  648;  II.  428,  2  a. 

Clavisium :  see  Ciiiyasso. 

Clay,  an  earth,  IV.  648.  Artificial,  2  be.  Fat 
or  long,  649,  1  ab ;  lean,  meagre,  or  short, 
ib.  Porcelain  clay,  1  b.  Potters’  or  plastic, 
2  a.  Pipe  clay,  ib.  Brick  clay,  2  b.  Clay 
for  fire  brick,  2  be.  Porous,  floating  on  wa¬ 
ter,  650,  1  b  (see  Brick,  III.  268, 1  c).  Full¬ 
ers’  earth,  2  a. 

Clay,  name  of  sixteen  counties,  IV.  650. 

Clay,  Cassius  Marcellus,  American  politician, 
IV.  651. 

Clay,  Clement  Comer,  politician,  IV.  652. 

Clay,  Green,  soldier  and  preacher,  IV.  652. 

Clay,  Henry,  American  statesman,  IV.  652. 
Advocates  gradual  emancipation  in  Ken¬ 
tucky,  2  c ;  655,  2  a.  U.  S.  senator,  653, 
1  a.  His  proposition  for  internal  improve¬ 
ments,  ib.  Duel  with  Humphrey  Marshall, 

1  b.  Representative  in  congress,  and  speak¬ 
er,  1  c.  His  support  of  the  war  with  Great 
Britain,  2  a.  Peace  commissioner,  2  b.  Ad¬ 
vocates  protection  and  a  national  bank,  2  c. 
The  Missouri  compromise,  654,  1  a.  Charge 
of  bargain  and  corruption,  1  c;  I.  103,  1  be. 
Duel  with  Randolph,  IV.  654,  1  c.  Secre¬ 
tary  of  state,  ib.  U.  S.  senator,  2  a.  His 
tariff  compromise,  ib.  French  spoliations, 

2  b.  Leader  of  the  whig  party,  655,  1  ab. 
Candidate  for  the  presidency,  1  c.  His  reso¬ 
lutions  relating  to  slavery,  2  a.  Consistency 
of  his  political  views,  2  c. — His  sons,  Henry, 
James  B.,  and  Thomas  Hart,  656,  1  a. 

Clayborne,  William  [kla'-burn],  a  settler  of 
Virginia,  IV.  656.  His  contest  with  Mary¬ 
land,  1  b ;  III.  630,  1  be  and  2  c ;  XI.  229, 
2  c,  and  230,  1  ab,  c ;  XVI.  151,  2  b. 

Clay  Centre ,  county  seat,  IV.  651,  2  c. 

Clay  Court  House ,  county  seat,  IV.  650,  2  b. 

Claying  of  sugar,  referred  to,  IV.  650,  1  c. 

Clay  ironstone ,  IX.  407,  1  a ;  409,  1  ab ;  XV. 
643,  2  a. 

Clays,  Paul  Jean  [kla],  Belgian  painter,  IV. 
656. 

Clayton,  two  counties,  IV.  656. 

Clayton,  village  of  New  York,  IV.  657. 

Clayton ,  county  seat,  II.  302,  1  c. 

Clayton,  John,  American  botanist,  IV.  657. 

Clayton,  John  Middleton,  American  states¬ 
man,  IV.  657.  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty,  1  c; 
r.lluded  to,  III.  24,  1  ab,  433,  1  be. 


Claytonia  (botany),  XIV.  96,  1  ab. 

Clazom'enhs,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  IV.  657. 

Cleansing,  in  calico  printing,  III.  597,  1  a. 

Cleanthes  [kle-an'-theez],  Greek  philosopher, 
IV.  657.  Hymn  to  Jupiter,  2  c.  Referred 
to,  XI.  809,  2  c ;  XIII.  438,  2  b. 

Clear'chus,  Lacedemonian  general,  IV.  657. 

Clear  cole,  in  gilding,  VII.  808,  2  ab. 

Clear  Creek,  county,  IV.  658. 

Clearfield,  county,  IV.  658. 

Clearfield,  Roman  Catholic  settlement,  VII. 
582,  2  b. 

Clearfield ,  county  seat,  IV.  658,  1  c. 

Clearing  House  :  see  Bank,  II.  282,  2  ab. 

Clearing  nut,  XII.  546,  2  be  (Nux  Vomica). 

Clear-obscure :  see  Chiaroscuro. 

“  Clear  the  causeway ,”  conflict  so  called,  VI. 
407,  2  c. 

Cleaveland,  county,  IV.  658. 

Cleaveland,  Parker,  American  mineralogist, 
IV.  658.  His  treatise  on  mineralogy  and 
geology,  XI.  590,  2  c. 

Cleavelandite ,  mineral,  VII.  114,  2  c. 

Cle'burne,  county  seat,  IX.  656,  1  c., 

Cleburne,  county,  IV.  659. 

Cleef,  Jan  van  [van  klafe],  Flemish  painter, 
IV.  659. 

Cleef,  Joost  van,  Flemish  painter,  IV.  659. 

Clef,  in  music,  XII.  77,  1  a,  2  b. 

Cleg,  gadfly,  VII.  551,  1  b ;  XVI.  20,  1  c. 

Clem'atis,  genus  of  shrubs,  IV.  659.  C.  vital- 
ba,  1  c.  C.  flammula,  ib.  C.  cirrhosa,  ib. 
C.  viticella,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  Virginiana,  2  b 
(ill.).  C.  viorna,  ib.  C.  ochroleuca,  2  c. 

Clemens,  Samuel  Langhorne  (Mark  Twain), 
American  humorist,  IV.  660. 

Clemens  Romanus,  pope:  see  Clement  I. 

Clement,  name  of  fourteen  popes  and  three 
antipopes,  IV.  660.  I.,  St.,  2  ab.  II.,  Suid- 
ger,  2  b.  III.  (antipope),  Guibert,  2  c.  III., 
Paolo  or  Paolino  Scolaro,  661,  1  a.  IV., 
Guido  Fulcodi,  ib.  V.,  Bertrand  Garcias  de 
Goth,  1  b.  His  seventh  book  of  decretals 
(Clementines),  2  ab ;  III.  719, 1  c.  Suppres¬ 
sion  of  the  templars,  IV.  661,  1  c;  XV.  635, 
2  a.  VI.,  Pierre  Roger,  IV.  661,  1  ab.  VII. 
(antipope),  Robert  de  Gen5ve,  1  c.  VII., 
Giulio  de’  Medici,  662,  2  a.  VIII.  (antipope), 
Gil  Munoz,  2  c.  VIII.,  Ippolito  Aldobran- 
dini,  663,  1  a.  IX.,  Giulio  Rospigliosi,  1  ab. 
X.,  Emilio  Altieri,  1  b.  XI.,  Giovanni  Fran¬ 
cesco  Albani,  ib.  XII.,  Lorenzo  Corsini,  1  c. 
XIII.,  Carlo  Rezzonico,  2  ab.  XIV.,  Gio¬ 
vanni  Vincenzo  Antonio  Ganganelli,  2  c. 


206 


CLEMENT 


CLIFTON 


Clement,  Jacob  [kla-mang],  Flemish  composer, 
IY.  664. 

Clement,  Jacques,  French  regicide,  IY.  664. 
Clement,  Jean  Pierre,  French  historian,  IY. 
664. 

Clement,  Knut  Jungbohn,  Danish  historian, 
IY.  664. 

Clement  of  Alexandria,  a  church  father,  IY. 
664. 

Clement  of  Rome:  see  Clement  I.,  pope. 
Clementi,  Muzio  [kla-men'-te],  Italian  pianist 
and  composer,  IV.  665. 

Clem'entine  canons:  see  Clementines. 
Clementine  Homilies ,  referred  to,  VIII.  54,  2  c. 
Clementines,  pontifical  constitutions,  IY.  665  ; 
III.  719,  2  a. 

Cleobis  and  Biton  :  see  Biton  and  Cleobis. 
Cleobulifna}  daughter  of  Cleobulus,  IY.  666, 

1  a. 

Dleobu'ltts,  one  of  the  seven  sages  of  Greece, 
IY.  665. 

Cleod'ora  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  1  be. 
Cleom'brotus  I.,  king  of  Sparta,  IY.  666. 
Cleome'des,  Greek  astronomer,  IY.  666. 
Cleomenes  [kle-om'-e-neez],  name  of  three 
kings  of  Sparta,  IY.  666. 

Cle'on,  Athenian  politician,  IY.  666. 
Cleopa'tra  (VI.),  queen  of  Egypt,  IY.  667 ; 
XIII.  63,  1  a.  Her  relations  with  Cassar,  IY. 

667,  2  b,  and  III.  542,  1  c ;  with  Antony,  IY. 

668,  1  c,  and  I.  576,  2  a. 

Cleopatra ,  four  queens  of  Egypt,  XIY.  62, 

2  b-c.  Wife  of  Philip  of  Macedon,  referred 
to, II. 92,  2  a;  XIII.  408,  1  b. 

Clep'sydra,  hydraulic  clock,  IY.  669.  Clep¬ 
sydra  presented  to  Charlemagne  by  Haroun 
al-Rashid,  670,  1  ab. 

Clero,  Laurent  [klair],  deaf-mute  teacher,  IV. 
670. 

Clerc,  Jean  Le :  see  Le  Clero. 

Clerfayt,  Francois  S6bastien  Charles  Joseph 
de  Croix,  count  de  [klair'- fa],  Austrian  gen¬ 
eral,  IY.  670. 

Clergy,  IV.  670.  Ancient  influence  of  the 
clergy,  671,  1  a.  Of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church,  671,  1  c,  2  ab;  XIY.  396,  2  b,  ff. 
Of  the  Greek  church,  IY.  671,  2  a;  VIII. 
220,  1  c.  Of  the  church  of  England,  2  b; 
YI.  629,  1  a.  Of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  in  America,  2  c ;  YI.  691,  2  b. 
Clergy,  Benefit  of :  see  Benefit  of  Clergy. 
Clergyman1  s  sore  throat ,  VII.  836,  1  a. 

Cler'icis  la'icos ,  papal  bull,  III.  66,  1  ab. 
Clericus ,  an  ecclesiastic,  IY.  672,  1  a;  a  des¬ 


ignation  of  the  educated,  671, 1  ab.  Clerici 
acephali  and  canonici,  672,  1  b. 

Clerk  [in  England,  klark],  an  ecclesiastic,  IY. 
672,  1  a ;  a  civil  officer,  1  b  and  c.  Classes 
of  ecclesiastical  clerks,  ib.  A  copyist,  in 
the  middle  ages,  XI.  131,  2  a. 

Clerk,  John,  British  naval  tactician,  IY.  672. 

Clerke,  Charles,  English  navigator,  IY.  672. 

Clermont  [klair '-mont],  Fulton’s  first  successful 
steamboat,  VII.  526,  1  c ;  XY.  353,  1  b  (ill.). 

Clermont,  county,  IY.  672. 

Clermont,  or  Clermont-Ferrand  [klair-mong- 
fair-rang],  town  of  France,  IY.  672.  Cathe¬ 
dral  of,  2  c  (ill.,  673). 

Clermont-l’Herault  [-la-ro],  town,  IY.  673. 

Clermont-de-l’Oise  [-duh-lwaz],  town,  IY.  673. 
Castle  of,  now  a  prison  for  females,  2  ab. 
Church  of  St.  Samson,  2  b. 

Clermont-en-Beauvaisis  [klair-mong-tang-bo-va- 
ze] :  see  Clermont-de-l’Oise. 

Clermont- Lodeve  [-lo-daiv]  :  see  Clermont- 
l’Herault. 

Clery,  Jean  Baptiste  [kla-re],  valet  of  Louis 
XVI.,  IY.  673. 

Clesinger,  Jean  Baptiste  Auguste  [kla-zang- 
zha],  French  sculptor,  IY.  673. 

Cleve  [kla'-ffeh],  town :  see  Cleves. 

Cleve ,  Joost  van:  see  Cleef. 

Cleveland,  city  of  Ohio,  IY.  674;  view,  ib. 
Harbor,  1  c.  Public  grounds  and  buildings, 
2  c.  Intercommunication,  675,  1  c.  Trade, 
2  a.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Government,  676, 
1  c.  Reformatory  and  charitable  institu¬ 
tions,  2  a.  Education,  2  be.  Medical  col¬ 
lege,  2  c ;  IX.  28,  2  b.  Churches,  IY.  677, 
1  b.  History,  1  c. 

Cleveland ,  county  seats,  III.  181,  1  b ;  XVI. 
602,  2  a. 

Cleveland,  Charles  Dexter,  American  author, 
IY.  677. 

Cleveland,  Henry  Russell,  author,  IY.  677. 

Clev'enger,  Sliobal  Yail,  sculptor,  IY.  677. 

Cleves  [kleevz],  town  of  Prussia,  IY.  677. 
Birthplace  of  Anne  of  Cleves,  fourth  wflfe  of 
Henry  VIII.,  2  be.  County  and  duchy,  2  c. 

Clev’is ,  of  a  plough,  XIII.  616,  1  b. 

Clemens  non  Papa:  see  Jannequin,  Clement. 

Clian'thus  (botany),  VIII.  35,  1  c.  C.  Dam- 
pieri,  ib.  (ill.). 

Click  plate ,  in  turning,  XVI.  74,  1  b. 

Clidas'tes  (palaeontology),  XI.  858,  1  c. 

Client,  in  Roman  antiquity,  IY.  678.  In 
modern  usage,  2  a. 

Clifton,  watering  place  of  England,  IY.  678. 


CLIMACTIGHNITES 


CLOCKS 


207 


Suspension  bridge,  1  a  (ill.).  Clifton  col¬ 
lege,  2  c.  Hot  spring,  ib. 

Climactichnites  [kli-mak-tik'-nites],  fossil  foot¬ 
prints,  VII.  342,  2  a. 

Climate,  IV.  679.  Progress  of  climatology, 
1  a.  Humboldt’s  isothermal  lines,  2  a.  Di¬ 
versities  of  climate  and  their  causes,  680, 
1  ab;  agency  of  atmospheric  circulation, 
1  c ;  of  sea  currents,  2  c.  Observation  of 
its  leading  conditions,  681,  1  c.  Climate  of 
the  western  United  States,  2  c,  ff. ;  of  western 
Europe,  682,  2  a;  of  eastern  America,  2  c. 
Decrease  of  temperature  from  the  sea  level 
upward,  683,  1  ab ;  observations  by  Green 
and  others,  1  c.  Effect  of  configuration  of 
surface,  2  b. 

Climate  in  geologic  times ,  VII.  698,  1  ab ; 
change  of,  1  b. 

Climbing  Percii  :  see  Anabas  Soandens. 

Clinch,  county,  IV.  683. 

Clinch  River,  IV.  683. 

Cline,  English  surgeon,  his  successful  use  of 
vaccination,  IX.  604,  1  ab. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L.,  American  politician, 
IV.  683. 

Clingman1  s  peak,  II.  682,  1  be. 

Clin'ias,  father  of  Alcibiades,  IV.  684.  Pytha¬ 
gorean  philosopher,  1  b. 

Clinical  instruction,  revival  of  the  ancient 
system,  II.  775,  2  ab. 

Clinker  bricks ,  III.  267,  2  a. 

Clinom'eter,  instrument,  IV.  684. 

Clinton,  nine  counties,  IV.  684. 

Clinton,  city  of  Iowa,  IV.  686. 

Clinton,  town  of  Massachusetts,  IV.  686  ; 
founder  of,  II.  631,  1  a.  Village  of  New 
York,  IV.  686,  1  c.  Borough  and  township 
of  New  Jersey,  ib.  Village  of  Louisiana,  2  a. 

Clinton,  county  seats,  I.  472,  1  b ;  VI.  64,  1  c ; 
375,  1  b;  VIII.  641,  2  a;  715,  1  b;  XIV. 
593,  2  b. 

Clinton,  Charles,  ancestor  of  the  Clintons  in 
New  York,  IV.  686. 

Clinton,  De  Witt,  American  statesman,  IV. 
686.  Appointed  U.  S.  senator,  687,  2  ab. 
Mayor  of  New  York,  2  b.  Leader  of  the  re¬ 
publican  party  in  New  York,  2  c.  Defeated 
as  candidate  for  the  presidency,  688,  1  c. 
Character  and  influence,  2  ab.  His  canal 
system,  689,  1  ab.  Elected  governor  of 
New  York,  2  c;  690,  1  a,  1  b,  1  c.  Com¬ 
pletion  of  the  Erie  canal,  690,  1  c ;  its  bene¬ 
fits  to  the  state,  2  a. 

Clinton,  George,  American  soldier  and  states¬ 


man,  IV.  690.  First  governor  of  the  state 
of  New  York,  691,  1  a.  Vice  president  of 
the  United  States,  1  b. 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  English  soldier,  IV.  691. 
Clinton,  Henry  Fynes,  English  author,  IV.  691. 
Clinton,  James,  American  soldier,  IV.  691. 
Clinton  state  prison,  V.  669,  2  a  ;  XII.  367, 1  a. 
Clio,  in  mythology,  IV.  692  (ill.).  Use  of  the 
letters  of  the  name  by  Addison,  1. 112,  2  ab. 
Clio  borealis,  mollusk,  XI.  722,  1  c. 

Clio'na,  sponge,  XV.  281,  2  c. 

Clip'eus ,  ancient  shield,  XIV.  853,  2  ab  (ill.). 
CUpjish,  IV.  796,  1  be. 

Clisiocampa  Americana  (entomology),  XI.  869, 

1  ab  (ill.). 

Clissa,  town  of  Dalmatia,  IV.  692. 

Clisthenes  [klis'-the-neez],  Athenian  states¬ 
man,  IV.  692 ;  II.  55,  2  a,  b,  and  be. 
Clith'eroe,  borough  of  England,  IV.  692. 
Clitomachus  [kli-tom'-a-kus],  Carthaginian 
writer,  IV.  692. 

Cli'topJion ,  hero  of  a  Greek  romance,  I.  65,  1  b. 
Clitum'nus  (now  Clitumno),  river  of  Italy,  IV. 

692.  Temple  of  Jupiter  Clitumnus,  2  b. 
Clitijs,  Macedonian  general,  IV.  692 ;  I.  278,1b. 
Clive,  Robert,  lord,  British  soldier  and  states¬ 
man,  IV.  692.  His  capture  and  defence  of 
Arcot,  693,  1  b ;  brilliant  victories,  2  a,  c. 
Plot  against  Surajah  Dowlah,  694,  1  a ; 
Clive’s  treachery,  1  b,  2  a.  Battle  of  Plas- 
sey,  1  c.  Plunder  of  the  treasury  of  Ben¬ 
gal,  2  a.  Raised  to  the  Irish  peerage,  2  b. 
Appointed  governor  and  commander-in-chief 
of  Bengal,  2  c.  Parliamentary  investigation 
of  his  conduct,  695,  1  a. 

Clo'aca  of  birds,  II.  687,  2  a. 

Cloaca,  sewers  of  ancient  Rome,  IV.  695. 

Cloaca  Maxima,  1  b ;  XIV.  796,  2  c. 
Cloaci'na,  surname  of  Venus,  IV.  695. 

Clocks  and  Watches,  IV.  695.  Earliest  mean¬ 
ing  of  the  word  clock,  1  c.  Earliest  instru¬ 
ments  for  measuring  time,  2  a.  Introduc¬ 
tion  of  wheel  clocks  moved  by  weights,  2  c. 
Henry  Vick’s  clock,  696,  1  c  (ill.).  Pendu¬ 
lum,  2  c;  IX.  97,  2  b.  Huygens’s  clock,  IV. 
697,  2  c  (ill.).  Escapements,  698,  1  a,  ff.(ills.). 
Invention  of  spiral  spring,  IX.  98,  1  b.  Main¬ 
taining  power,  IV.  699,  1  b.  Harrison’s 
maintaining  spring,  1  c.  Train  of  wheels, 

2  a  (ill.).  Electric  clock  dial  and  clock,  700, 

1  c.  Alarm  clock,  I.  238,  2  b.  Pendulum 
clock,  IX.  97,  2  b. — Watches,  IV.  700,  2  b. 
Escapements,  701,  1  a  (ills.);  cylindrical, 702, 

2  a  (ill.) ;  chronometer  escapement,  2  b  (ill.) ; 


208 


CLOCK 


CLUB 


compensation  balance,  703,  1  b  (ill.).  Chro¬ 
nometer,  2  a  (ill.).  Train  of  wheels  in  a  de¬ 
tached  lever,  2  be  (ill.,  704).  Hand  wheels 
and  stem  winder,  704,  2  a  (ill.).  Machinery 
for  making  watches,  2  c.  Screw  lathe,  705, 

1  b  (ill.).  Slotting  disk,  1  c  (ill.).  Teeth-cut- 
ting  lathe,  2  a  (ill.) ;  cutter  enlarged  (ill.), 

2  b.  Material  of  the  internal  parts,  706,  1  a. 
Clock  dials ,  illuminated ,  inventor  of,  III.  660, 

2  c. 

Clock  tower  of  Bern,  II.  570,  2  c. 

Clo'dius  Pulcher,  Publius  [pul'-ker],  Eoman 
demagogue,  IV.  706. 

Clce'lia,  Roman  maiden  given  as  a  hostage  to 
Porsena,  IV.  706. 

Clogiier  [kloh'-her],  town  of  Ireland,  IV.  706. 
Cloister  :  see  Monastery. 

Qloka  [slo'-ka],  Sanskrit  stanza,  XIV.  614,  1  be. 
Clonfert',  Irish  bishopric,  IV.  706. 

Clonmel',  town  of  Ireland,  IV.  706. 

Clootz,  Jean  Baptiste,  baron  (Anacharsis 
Clootz),  [klotes],  revolutionist,  IV.  707. 
Clopton's  hospital ,  III.  480,  2  c. 

Cloquet,  Hippolyte  [kluh-ka],  French  phy¬ 
sician,  IV.  707.  Ernest,  2  a.  Jules  Ger¬ 
main,  baron,  ib. 

Closed  urn ,  Maria  Manuela  Kirkpatrick ,  moth¬ 
er  of  the  empress  Eugenie,  III.  55, 1  ab. 
Closing ,  in  rope  making,  XIV.  425,  2  a. 

Closse,  Raphael  Lambert  [klusj,  Canadian  sol¬ 
dier,  IV.  707. 

Closterium ,  alga,  VI.  42,  1  c,  2  ab  (ill.,  43). 
Closter  Seven ,  convention  of,  V.  568,  2  a. 

Clos  de  Vougeot  [klo  duh  voo-zho],  wine,  VII. 

413,  1  a;  vineyard,  IV.  614,  1  be. 

Clot,  Antoine  [klo],  French  physician,  IV.  708. 
Clotaire,  three  kings  of  the  Franks,  IV.  708. 
Clot  Bey  :  see  Clot,  Antoine. 

Cloth ,  woollen ,  manufacture  of,  XVI.  718,  1  a. 
Machine  for  shearing,  719,  2  b  ;  for  impart¬ 
ing  metallic  lustre  to,  720,  1  b. 

Cloth-case  binding ,  of  books,  III.  78,  1  ab,  ff. 
Clothing ,  hygienic  relations  of,  IX.  131,  1  ab. 
Clotiio,  one  of  the  Fates,  IV.  708 ;  XIII.  73, 
2  a. 

Clotho  ari'etans  (zoology),  XVI.  368,  2  ab. 
Cloth-yard  shaft ,  arrow,  I.  648,  2  c  (ill.). 
Clotilda,  Saint,  wife  of  King  Clovis,  IV.  708 ; 
III.  451,  1  b.  "Wife  of  King  Amalaric,  IV. 
709,  1  a ;  I.  373,  2  c. 

Clotilde ,  princess  [klo-teeld],  wife  of  Prince 
Napoleon,  III.  29,  1  a,  b ;  51,1b. 

Clotilde  de  Surville  :  see  Surville. 

Cloud,  county,  IV.  709. 


Cloudberry ,  XIV.  209,  2  c. 

Cloud  bursts ,  XVI.  508,  2  a. 

Clouds,  IV.  709.  Formation  of,  illustrated  at 
Table  mountain,  2  a.  Height  of,  2  b.  Ve¬ 
sicular  theory  of,  2  c.  Forms  of,  710,  1  ab, 
ff.  Howard’s  nomenclature,  ib .,  and  712, 
1  a.  Cumulus,  710,  1  c  (ill.) ;  stratus,  2  a 
(ill.)  ;  cirrus,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  cirro-cumulus,  711, 
1  b  ;  cirro-stratus,  ib. ;  cymoid  cirro-stratus, 
1  be ;  cumulo-stratus,  1  c  ;  nimbus,  2  a  (ill.). 
Nomenclature  of  Poey,  712,  1  a.  Equatorial 
belt,  2  ab ;  calms  (doldrums),  ib. ;  influence 
in  mitigating  heat,  2  c.  Electric  state,  713, 

1  be.  See  Lightning.  Cause  of  the  white 
color  of  clouds,  X.  451,  1  c. 

Clouds  and  fogs ,  how  sustained  in  the  atmos¬ 
phere,  I.  117,  1  b  ;  He  Saussure’s  hypothesis 
untenable,  1  c. 

Clough,  Arthur  Hugh  [kluf],  English  author, 
IV.  713. 

Cloven  grindstone  theory  of  the  milky  way , 
VII.  559,  1  c.  Cloven  ring  theory,  560, 1  b. 
Clover,  plant,  IV.  713.  Red  clover,  2  c  (ill., 
714).  Cultivation  of,  ib .,  ff.  Parasites,  714, 

2  b.  Crimson  clover,  2  c.  White  clover, 
715,  1  ab  (ill.).  Analyses  of  red  and  white 
clovers,  1  c.  Comparative  value  of  clover, 
2  a.  Treatment  of  the  crop,  ib. 

Clover  Kill ,  village  of  Virginia,  I.  602,  2  b. 
Cloves,  spice,  IV.  715.  Clove  tree,  2  c  (ill., 
716)  ;  its  cultivation,  716, 1  a,  If.  Medicinal 
use  of  cloves,  2  b.  Oil  of,  ib. ;  its  use  in 
microscopy,  2  be. 

Cloves ,  gorges  in  the  Catskills,  IV.  126,  1  b. 
Clove  of  the  Catterskill,  ib.  Clove  of  the 
Plattekill,  1  c.  Stony  clove,  ib. 

Cloves  of  garlic ,  VII.  624,  2  b. 

Clovis,  founder  of  the  Frankish  monarchy, 
IV.  716;  VII.  378,  2  c.  Conversion  to 
Christianity,  IV.  717,  1  b.  See  I.  238,  2  a ; 

III.  451,  1  ab.  Clovis  II.  and  Clovis  III., 

IV.  717,  2  ab. 

Clowes,  John,  English  clergyman,  IV.  717. 
Clowes,  William,  English  printer,  IV.  717. 
Cloyne,  town  of  Ireland,  IV.  718.  Bishops  of, 

1  a. 

Club,  social,  literary,  artistic,  or  political  asso¬ 
ciation,  IV.  718. 

Club  ball ,  game,  V.  482,  1  a. 

Clubbed  fingers,  in  consumption,  V.  283,  2  c. 
Club  Breton  [klub  bruh-tong] :  see  Jacobins, 
IX.  499,  2  c. 

Club  de  Ventresol  [duh  lang-truh-siil],  referred 
to,  XIV.  553,  1  b. 


CLUB-FOOT 


COAST 


209 


Club-foot,  deformity,  IY.  718.  Forms  of, 

1  a.  Causes  of,  719,  1  a.  Treatment,  1  c. 
Tenotomy,  2  ab.  Tenotome,  2  be. 

Club  men ,  political  party,  Y.  503,  1  c. 

Club  mosses ,  X.  744,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cludiform  inscriptions :  see  Cuneiform  In¬ 
scriptions,  Y.  570,  2  c. 

Clugny  [klti-nye] :  see  Cluny. 

Cluny  [klii-ne],  town  of  France,  IY.  719. 
Abbey  of,  2  c.  II6tel  de  Cluny,  museum  in 
Paris,  720,  1  ab ;  XIII.  87,  1  a.  Congrega¬ 
tion  of  Cluny,  XI.  730,  1  ab. 

Clu'pea  (ichthyology),  YIII.  696,  2  b.  C.  al¬ 
ba,  XVI.  604,  1  b.  C.  elongata,  YIII.  696, 

2  c  (ill.,  697).  C.  harengus,  697,  1  c  (ill.). 
C.  minima,  1  b  ;  III.  293,  2  ab. 

Cluricaune :  see  Fairies,  YII.  65,  1  c. 
Cluseret,  Gustave  Paul  [klii-zuh-ra],  French 
soldier,  IY.  720;  Y.  164,  1  b;  165,  1  be; 
166,  1  ab,  2  b. 

Clusium,  ancient  city,  IY.  720  ;  495,  2  a. 
Cluver  [kloo'-ver] :  see  Cluverius. 
Cluve'rius,  Philipp,  German  geographer,  IY. 
720. 

Clyde,  river  of  Scotland,  IV.  721.  Frith  of 
Clyde,  1  b.  Forth  and  Clyde  canal,  1  c. 
Clyde,  Lord  :  see  Campbell,  Sir  Colin. 
Clydesdale :  see  Lanarkshire. 

Clydesdale  breed  of  horses,  IY.  721,  1  c. 
Clymer,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  IV.  721. 

Clytemnes'tra,  wife  of  Agamemnon,  IY.  722 ; 
I.  172,  1  ab. 

Clytus  robinice  (entomology),  X.  572,  1  ab. 
Cnicus  [ni'-kus],  (botany),  XV.  712.  C.  lance- 
olatus,  2  b  (ill.).  C.  arvensis,  713,  1  b  (ill.). 
Other  species,  2  a. 

Cnidce :  see  Lasso  Cells,  X.  181,  2  c. 

Cnidus,  ancient  city  of  Caria,  IY.  722.  Battle 
of,  1  c ;  YIII.  195,  2  c. 

Cnossus,  ancient  capital  of  Crete,  IY.  722. 

Ruins  of,  2  a ;  III.  697,  2  b. 

Cnosus:  see  Cnossus. 

Coach,  IY.  722.  In  Germany  and  France, 
2  b.  Introduction  into  England,  723,  1  a. 
Stage-coach  travelling  in  the  17th  and  18th 
centuries,  1  be ;  mail  coaches,  2  a.  Forms 
of,  ib.  The  omnibus,  2  ab ;  post  coaches, 
2  c ;  the  diligence,  724,  1  a.  Construction 
of  coaches,  1  ab. 

Coach-whip  Snake,  IV.  724  (ill.). 

Coagulation  of  blood,  II.  732,  1  b. 

Coahoma  [ko-a-ho'-ma],  county,  IY.  725. 
Coahuila  [-we'-la],  state  of  Mexico,  IY.  725. 

14 


Coaiti  [ko-I'-te],  mammal,  IY.  725.  Coaiti- 
mondi,  2  c  (ill.).  Brown  coaiti,  ib . 

Coal,  IY.  726.  Varieties  of,  1  ab.  Geologi¬ 
cal  formations,  727,  1  be,  ff.  (table,  728) ; 
carboniferous  period,  729,  2  ab  ;  later  forma¬ 
tions,  731,  1  a,  ff.  Lignite,  732,  1  a;  peat 
beds,  1  c.  Origin  of  coal,  2  be;  formation 
of  coal  beds,  733,  1  c ;  of  peat,  2  c ;  identity 
of  the  processes,  737,  1  a.  Alleghany  coal 
field,  739,  1  a;  coal  beds  of  Pennsylvania, 
740,  2  a;  of  other  states,  741,  2  a.  Western 
coal  fields,  742,  1  c.  Statistics  of  American 
coal  production,  743,  1  a.  Qualities  of 
American  coals,  YII.  519,  1  a.  Northwest¬ 
ern  coal  fields,  IY.  743,  2  a  ;  lignitic  basin  of 
New  Mexico,  2  c;  of  Colorado,  744,  1  b; 
others,  2  a.  Coal  production  of  Great  Brit¬ 
ain,  745,  1  be;  of  the  European  continent, 
746,  1  a;  of  the  world  (table),  2  ab.  Histo¬ 
ry,  2  b.  See  Anthracite. 

Coal  brasses  (pyrites),  XI Y.  109,  1  be. 

Coal  fish  (black  pollack),  XIII.  681,  2  c. 

Coal  Gas  :  see  Gas. 

Coalition  \ ministry ,  in  the  reign  of  George  III., 
YII.  709, 1  a. 

Coal  oil:  see  Coal  Products,  IV.  753,  2  a, ff*. ; 
Kerosene,  IX.  811,  2  a,  812,  2  a. 

Coal  Plants,  IY.  747.  Illustrations:  Flabel- 
laria  borassifolia,  747 ;  Neuropteris  hirsuta, 
Adiantites  Lindseseformis,  Sphenopteris  tri¬ 
dactylitis,  Pecopteris  louchitica,  748 ;  Cau- 
lopteris  Worthenii,  Lepidodendron,  Sigilla- 
ria,  749;  Stigmaria,  Lepidostrobus,  750  ; 
Calamites,  Annularia  longifolia,  Spheno- 
phyllum  Schlotheimii,  Carpolithes,  Trigono- 
carpus,  Cardiocarpus,  751. 

Coal  Products,  IY.  752.  Table  of,  ib.  See 
Coal  tar  (Index). 

Coal  tar,  products  of  the  distillation  of,  IY. 
752  (table),  753,  1  a,  ff. ;  I.  321,  2  b  (Ali¬ 
zarine)  ;  548,  2  a  (Anthracene)  ;  II.  546, 
1  a  (Benzole)  ;  III.  769,  2  b  (Carbolic  Acid)  ; 
XII.  133,  1  b  (Naphtha)  ;  134,  1  a  (Naph¬ 
thaline).  See  Tar. 

Coal-tar  creosote :  see  Carbolic  Acid,  and  IY. 
753,  1  be. 

Coalville ,  county  seat,  XY.  467,  2  b. 

Co'an,  Titus,  American  missionary,  IY.  754. 

Coanza  [ko-an'-za],  river  of  Africa,  IV.  754. 

Coari  [ko-a'-re],  river  of  Brazil,  IY.  754. 

Coary :  see  Coari. 

Coassus  [ko-as'-sus],  (zoology),  Y.  757,  2  a ; 
761, 1  ab.  C.  rufus  and  other  species,  1  b,  ff 

Coast  mountains :  see  Coast  Range. 


210 


COAST 


COCHINEAL 


Coast  Range,  mountains  of  California,  IV. 

754 ;  XIV.  378,  1  be,  2  b. 

Coast  Survey,  United  States,  IV.  755.  First 
attempt  to  organize,  756,  1  a ;  resumed,  2  c. 
Reorganization  under  Prof.  Baclie,  2  a.  Sys¬ 
tem  of  national  triangulation  established  by 
Prof.  Peirce,  757,  1  a.  Geodesy,  method  of, 

2  b.  Base  line,  758,  1  be ;  base  apparatus, 

1  c.  Triangulation,  2  ab.  Latitude,  759,  1  ab  ; 
longitude,  1  e.  Azimuth,  758,  1  b,  760,  1  be. 
Topography,  1  c.  Hydrography,  761,  1  a; 
physical,  1  c.  Tides,  2  b.  Figure  of  the 
earth,  762,  2  b.  Variation  of  the  compass, 

763,  1  ab.  Office  work,  2  b.  Organization, 

764,  1  be. 

Coat  of  arms ,  derivation  of  the  phrase,  VIII. 
671,  1  b.  Mediaeval  ceremony  of  breaking, 
at  the  extinction  of  a  noble  line,  III.  211, 

1  c ;  last  performed,  ib. 

Coatzacoalco  [kwat-sa-kwal'-ko],  river  of 
Mexico,  IV.  765. 

Co' a  ves'tis :  see  Silk,  XV.  40,  1  c. 

Cob ,  male  swan,  XV.  500,  2  a. 

Cobalt  [ko'-bawlt],  elementary  metal,  IV.  765. 
Preparation  of,  766, 1  ab.  Properties,  1  c. 
Alloys,  2  a.  Pigments  from,  2  b.  Other 
uses  of,  767,  1  b. 

Cobalt  blue ,  referred  to,  II.  757,  1  b. 

Coban  [ko-ban'J,  city  of  Guatemala,  IV.  767. 
Cobb,  county,  IV.  767. 

Cobb,  Howell,  American  politician,  IV.  767. 
Cobbe,  Frances  Power,  English  authoress  and 
philanthropist,  IV.  768. 

Cobbett,  William,  English  political  writer,  IV. 
768.  His  attack  upon  Benjamin  Rush,  XIV. 
472,  1  c. 

Cobbett' s  corn  (maize),  IV.  769,  1  a. 

Cobbler ,  fish,  XI.  613,  1  ab. 

Cobblers'  spasm,  XIV.  713,  2  c. 

Cobblestones:  see  Pavement,  XIII.  192,  1  c. 
Cobden,  Richard,  English  statesman,  IV.  769. 

Commercial  treaty  with  France,  III.  51,  2  a. 
Cobham,  Baron :  see  Oldcastle. 

Cobham,  Lord ,  mentioned,  V.  470,  1  c. 

Corn,  desert  of :  see  Gobi. 

Cobija  [ko-be'-kha],  seaport  of  Bolivia,  IV.  770. 
Cobi’tis  (ichthyology),  X.  555,  2  c.  C.  barba- 
tula,  ib.  (ill.).  C.  taenia  and  C.  fossilis,  556, 
1  a,  b. 

Cob'lentz,  city  of  Prussia,  IV.  770.  Railway 
bridge,  771,  1  a  (ill.). 

“  Coblentz  Address:  "  see  Vatican,  Council  of 
the,  XVI.  274,  1  c. 

Coblentz  ware ,  XVI.  565,  2  c. 


Co'bourg,  Canada :  see  Coburg. 

Cobra  de  Capello,  snake,  IV.  771  (ill.). 

Cobs ,  hazel-nuts,  VIII.  554,  2  c. 

Coburg  [ko'-boorg],  duchy  of  Germany,  IV. 
772.  Capital,  2  c.  Ducal  palace  (ill.),  773. 
Castle,  1  a. 

Co'burg,  town  of  Canada,  IV.  773. 

Coburg,  Josias,  prince  of,  Austrian  field  mar¬ 
shal,  IV.  773. 

Coburg  Family,  IV.  773. 

Cobweb,  IV.  773.  Uses  of,  2  c.  Fabrics  made 
of,  774,  1  a. 

Coca,  dried  leaf  of  a  shrub,  IV.  774  (ill.). 
Coccajo ,  Merlino  [mair-le'-no  kok-ka'-yo],  (pseu- 
donyme),  inventor  of  macaronic  poetry,  X. 
767,  2  ab. 

Cocceians  [kok-se'-yans] :  see  Coccejus. 
Coccejus,  Johannes  [kuk-tsa'-yoos],  German 
Hebraist,  IV.  774.  Cocceians,  2  c. 

Coccia,  Carlo  [kot'-cha],  Italian  composer,  IV. 
774. 

Coccinella,  beetle,  II.  478,  la;  X.  90,  2  a. 
Coccoliths  and  Coccospheres,  minute  subma¬ 
rine  bodies,  IV.  775  (ill.).  See  Bathybius. 
Coccos'teus,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  1  a  (ill.). 
Coccothraus'tes  (ornithology),  VIII.  529,  2  a. 
C.  vulgaris,  ib.  (ill.). 

Coccothrausti'nce  (ornithology),  VII.  190,  1  a; 
VIII.  263,  2  c. 

Cocculus,  a  fruit,  IV.  775.  Cocculus  Indicus, 
2  a  (ill.).  C.  palmatus,  V.  122,  2  c. 

Coccus  Adonidum  (entomology),  XI.  313,  1  c. 
C.  aquaticus,  II.  558,  1  ab.  C.  cacti,  IV. 
778, 1  a,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  ficus,  X.  75,  2  c;  XV. 
11,  1  b.  C.  ilicis,  IV.  778,  1  be. 

Coccyzus  [kok-si'-zus],  (ornithology),  V.  557, 
2  a.  C.  Americanus,  1  a.  C.  erythrophthal- 
mus,  2  c.  C.  minor,  558,  1  a. 

Cochabamba  [ko-cha-bam'-ba],  department  of 
Bolivia,  IV.  775.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Cochet,  Jean  Benoit  D6sire,  abbe  [kuh-sha], 
French  archaeologist,  IV.  776. 

Cochimi  [ko-clie'-me],  Indian  nation,  IV.  776. 
Co'chin  [properly  ko-cheen'],  rajahship  of  In¬ 
dia,  IV.  776.  Town,  2  a. 

Cochin,  Charles  Nicolas  [kiih-shang],  French 
engraver  and  designer,  IV.  776. 

Cochin,  Pierre  Suzanne  Augustin,  French  wri¬ 
ter,  IV.  776. 

Cochin  China,  province  of  Anam,  IV.  777. 
French  or  Lower  Cochin  China,  lb;  I.  457, 
2  a.  Language  of,  IX.  253,  2  ab. 

Cochin  China  fowls,  IV.  780,  2  ab ;  783,  1  a. 
Coch'ineal,  insect,  IV.  778  (ill.).  Kermes. 


COCHITUATE 


CODE 


211 


1  c.  Mexican  coccus  introduced,  2  a.  Cul¬ 
ture  of,  2  ab.  Its  coloring  principle,  1  c. 
Cochit’uate  aqueduct,  I.  615,  1  b  (ill.). 
CooniTfiATE  Lake,  Massachusetts,  IV.  779;  I. 
615,  1  b. 

Cochlea  [kok'-le-a],  of  the  ear,  VI.  351,  2  ab. 
Cochlea' via  Armor  a'  da  (botany),  VIII.  830,  2  b 
(ill.,  831).  C.  officinalis,  XIV.  724,  2  b  (ill.). 
Cochrane  [kok'-ran],  Scottish  architect,  favor¬ 
ite  of  James  III.,  referred  to,  IX.  515,  1  c. 
Cochrane,  Lord:  see  Dundonald,  earl  of. 

His  attempt  to  relieve  Athens,  II.  58,  2  a. 
CocnRANE,  John  Dundas,  British  traveller,  IV. 

779. 

Cochut,  Andre  [kuh-shu],  French  publicist,  IV. 

780. 

Cock,  gallinaceous  bird,  IV.  780.  Wild  species, 

1  c.  Jago  cock,  2  a.  Javan,  &c.,  2  b. 
Sonnerat’s  jungle  fowl,  781,  1  a  (ill.).  Silk 
cock,  2  a.  Common  cock  and  hen,  2  b. 
Capons,  782,  1  be.  Game  cock,  2  a  (ill.). 
Chittagongs  and  Shanghais,  2  c.  Cochin 
Chinas,  783,  1  a.  Chinese,  1  b.  Brahma¬ 
pootras,  ib.  Dorking  breed,  1  be  (ill.).  Po¬ 
lands,  2  a  (ill.).  Black  Spanish  and  Fayal, 

2  be.  Bolton  grays  and  Hamburgs,  2  c. 
Bantams,  ib.  Negro  cock,  781,  1  c. 

Code,  of  a  musket,  XII.  97,  2  a. 

Cockal  hone,  VIII.  825,  2  ab. 

Cock-a-leekie,  a  Scotch  dish,  X.  312,  2  c. 
Cockatoo',  bird,  IV.  784.  Tricolor-crested, 
1  c  (ill.).  Banksian,  785, 1  a  (ill.,  784).  Go¬ 
liath  or  great  black  cockatoo,  1  b  (ill.).  Long¬ 
billed,  1  c  (ill.).  See  Parrot. 

Cock'atrice,  fabulous  animal,  IV.  785.  Cock¬ 
atrice  of  the  Bible,  II.  365,  1  ab. 

Cockburn  [ko'-burn],  Sir  Alexander  James 
Edmund,  English  jurist,  IV.  785.  Caleb 
Cushing’s  criticism  of,  2  c. 

Cockburn,  Catharine,  authoress,  IV.  786. 
Cockburn,  Sir  George,  admiral,  IV.  786. 
Cockburn,  Henry  Thomas,  lord,  jurist,  IV.  786. 
Cook'chafer,  insect,  IV.  786 ;  ills.,  786,  787. 
Cocke,  county,  IV.  787. 

Cocker,  bird  dog,  XV.  228,  2  a. 

Cocker,  Edward,  English  arithmetician,  IV. 
787.  ^ 

Cockerell,  Charles  Robert,  English  architect, 
IV.  787. 

Cockerill,  John,  English  engineer,  IV.  788. 
Cockermouth  [kok'-er-muth],  town  of  Eng¬ 
land,  IV.  788. 

Cock  fighting ,  IV.  782,  2  ab. 

Cock  lane  ghost,  IX.  666,  1  b. 


Cockle,  shell,  IV.  788  (ill.). 

Cockle,  weed,  XVI.  587,  1  c. 

Cockles,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  18,  2  a. 
Cockling,  in  silk  weaving,  XIV.  306,  1  b. 
Cockney,  nickname,  IV.  788.  Cockney  school 
of  literature,  2  ab. 

Cock  of  the  plains,  bird,  VIII.  271,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Cockroach,  insect,  IV.  788 ;  ill.,  789.  How 
destroyed,  789,  1  a. 

Cocles,  Horatius  [ko'-kleez],  Roman  hero,  IV. 
789. 

Cocoa  [ko'-ko],  a  preparation  of  cacao  seeds, 
IV.  789.  Cocoa  butter,  2  b.  Infusion  of 
cocoa  shells,  ib. 

Cocoa  butter:  see  Cocoanut  Oil,  and  Cocoa, 
IV.  789,  2  b. 

Cocoa  shells,  III.  532,  2  a ;  IV.  789,  2  b. 
Cocoanut  [ko'-ko-nut],  double  or  sea,  XIII.  20, 

1  c ;  XI.  293,  1  be  (coco  de  mer). 

Cocoanut  Oil,  or  Cocoanut  Butter,  IV.  790. 
Cocoanut  Tree,  IV.  790  (ill.).  Uses  of  the 

leaves,  2  c ;  of  the  sap,  ib. ;  of  the  husk, 
791,  1  a;  of  the  shell,  1  b  ;  of  the  nut,  ib. 
Age  of  Brazilian  cocoanut  palms,  I.  184,  2  c. 
Coco  de  mer  [ko'-ko  da  mair],  nut-bearing  tree, 
XI.  293,  1  be. 

Cocoinece  [ko-ko-in'-e-e],  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  b. 
Coco-Maricopas,  tribe  of  Indians,  IV.  791. 
Coco-oleine  [-o'-le-in],  IV.  790,  1  ab. 

Cocoon',  IV.  792. 

Coco'pas,  tribe  of  Indians,  IV.  792. 

Cocos  [ko'-koce],  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  b.  C. 
nucifera,  IV.  790,  1  ab.  C.  lapidea,  V.  338, 

2  ab. 

Cocuyo  [ko-koo'-yo],  Cuban  firefly,  V.  546, 
2  a;  VII.  213,  1  c  (cucujo). 

Cocum,  plant,  XIII.  641,  1  b  (Poke). 

Cocy'tus,  river  of  Epirus,  IV.  792.  River  of 
Hades,  2  b. 

Cod,  fish,  IV.  792  (ill.).  American,  2  c.  Com¬ 
mon  or  bank  cod,  793,  1  a.  Tomcod,  1  b. 
Cod  fishing,  2  c.  Statistics  of  the  American 
fishery,  795,  2  a ;  of  the  British  American, 
2  b ;  of  the  French,  2  c.  Bounties,  2  b,  c. 
European  fisheries,  796,  1  a. 

C.  O.  D. :  see  Express,  VII.  41,  2  be. 
Coddington,  William,  founder  of  Rhode  Island 
colony,  IV.  796. 

Code,  compilation  of  laws,  V.  5.  Laws  of 
Lycurgus,  2  c  ;  of  Solon,  6,  1  a.  The  twelve 
tables  of  Rome,  1  c.  Roman  common  law, 
2  be.  Roman  compilations,  7,  1  a.  Frank¬ 
ish  laws,  1  c.  Capitularies  of  Charlemagne, 
8,  1  a.  Laws  of  Alfred  the  Great,  1  c. 


212 


CODE 


COGNAC 


Feudal  customary  law  in  France,  2  b. 
French  codes,  9,  1  a.  German  laws,  2  a. 
Prussian  code,  2  b ;  Russian,  2  c.  Codes  of 
the  United  States,  10,  1  a.  Analysis  of  the 
New  York  civil  code,  11,  la. 

Code  forestier  [fo-res-tya],  (French),  Y.  9,  1  c. 
Code  Frederic  [fra-da-reek],  (Prussian),  Y.  9, 

2  b. 

Code  of  How  el  Da,  referred  to,  IY.  179,  2  a. 
Code  Napoleon ,  Y.  9,  1  be.  The  courts  re¬ 
quired  to  decide  on  general  principles  and 
analogy,  482,  2  be. 

Code  of  procedure,  in  New  York,  YII.  176,  1  c. 
Codeia  [ko-de'-ya],  alkaloid,  Y.  11 ;  XII.  649, 

1  b  ;  650,  1  a. 

Codex,  ancient  manuscript  or  collection  of 
laws,  V.  11.  C.  Alexandrinus,  XI.  133,  1  b  : 
see  Alexandrian  Codex.  C.  Amiatinus, 

2  b.  C.  Argenteus,  131,  2  b ;  YIII.  125,  1  c : 
see  Argenteus  Codex.  C.  Aureus,  XI. 

131,  2  b.  C.  Basilensis,  XI.  133,  2  a.  C. 
Bezse  or  C.  Cantabrigiensis,  133,  1  c:  see 
Beza’s  Codex.  C.  Canonum,  III.  718,  1  a, 

2  a.  C.  Carolinus,  YIII.  125,  1  c,  2  b.  C.  Cot- 
tonianus  Geneseos,  XI.  132,  1  a.  C.  Ephra- 
emi,  133,  1  be.  C.  Gregorianus,  IY.  622, 

2  ab.  C.  Hermogenianus,  ib.  C.  Isidoriana, 
III.  718,  1  b.  C.  Justinianus,  Y.  11,  2  b  ;  IY. 
623,  1  c,  624,  1  be.  C.  Prisca,  III.  718,  1  b. 
C.  Purpureus,  XI.  133,  1  c.  C.  repetitso  Prse- 
lectionis,  IY.  624,  1  c,  2  b.  C.  rescriptus 
(palimpsest),  Y.  11,  2  b.  C.  Sinai ticus,  XI. 

132,  2  c;  XY.  769, 1  c,  If.  C.  Theodosianus, 
Y.  7,  1  b;  IY.  622,  2  b;  III.  513,  2  c.  C. 
Turinensis,  YIII.  125,  2  ab.  C.  Yaticanus,  € 
XL  133,  1  a.  C.  Yetus,  IY.  623,  2  a. 

Codfish  of  the  lakes  (eel  pout),  X.  506,  2  b. 
Codices  Ambrosia' ni  [ko'-de-seez],  Gothic  manu¬ 
scripts,  YIII.  125,  2  a. 

Codicil,  addition  to  a  will,  Y.  11. 

Codjii  gum,  IY.  54,  1  b. 

Codling,  fish,  YIII.  385,  1  a. 

Cod-Liver  Oil,  Y.  11.  Medicinal  use  of,  12, 

1  b ;  first  advocated  in  Great  Britain,  II. 
531,  1  ab. 

Codogno  [ko-do'-nyo],  town  of  Italy,  Y.  12. 
Codoy ,  Juan,  discoverer  of  silver  mines  in 
Chili,  Y.  317,  1  a. 

Cod'rington,  Sir  Edward,  English  admiral, 
Y.  12.  Sir  William  John,  general,  2  c. 
Co'drus,  last  king  of  Athens,  Y.  13. 

Cod  sounds ,  I.  217,  2  a.  Isinglass  made  from, 
ib.,  and  IX.  427,  1  ab. 

Coehorn,  Menno  van,  baron  [ko'-horn],  (Dutch, 


Coehoorn,  koo'-horn),  Dutch  general  and  en¬ 
gineer,  Y.  13. 

Coehorn ,  light  mortar,  III.  707,  1  b  ;  Y.  13, 1  c. 

Ccelestius,  disciple  of  Pelagius,  XIII.  234, 1  a,  If. 

Code- Syria,  XIII.  5,  2  c ;  X.  281,  1  ab. 

Codius  Aurelianus,  his  treatment  of  insanity, 
IX.  297,  1  c. 

Coello,  Claudio  [ko-a'-lyo],  Spanish  painter, 
Y.  13. 

Codogenys  [se-loj'-e-nis],  (zoology),  XII.  778. 
C.  paca,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ccelus  :  see  Uranus,  in  mythology. 

Coemptio  [ko-emp'-she-o],  Roman  form  of  mar¬ 
riage,  Y.  221,  2  b. 

Ccenac'ulum ,  hall  in  the  tomb  of  David,  IX. 
617,  2  c. 

Ccenobium,  monastic  institution  :  see  Cenobite. 

Ccenop'olis,  ancient  town :  see  Keneii. 

Coetne  Arthor  (Arthur’s  quoits),  Y.  500,  1  c. 

Coetus  [ko-e'-tus],  an  assembly  of  the  Reformed 
Dutch  church,  XIY.  256,  1  a;  of  the  Ger¬ 
man  Reformed,  258,  2  b.  Coetus  and  con¬ 
ference  controversy,  256,  1  a. 

Cceur,  Jacques  [kiir],  French  merchant  and 
royal  treasurer,  Y.  14 ;  IY.  287,  1  ab. 

Cceur  d'Alene  [kiir  da-lain],  lake  and  river,  IX. 
166,  2  c.  Range,  2  a.  Mission,  Y.  14,  1  c ; 
IX.  166,  1  c,  168,  2  c. 

Cceur  de  Lion  [kiir  diik  le-ong] :  see  Richard  I. 

Cceurs  d’Alene  [kiir],  Indian  tribe,  Y.  14. 

Coffea  Arabica  (botany),  Y.  14,  2  a. 

Coffee,  Y.  14.  Coffee  plant,  1  a  (ill.).  Culti¬ 
vation  of,  1  ab.  History  of  its  use,  15,  1  be. 
Preparation  and  chemical  constitution,  2  b. 
Use  as  a  beverage,  16,  lb.  Mocha  coffee, 
2  a;  Java,  ib. ;  Brazilian,  2  b.  Statistics, 
2  be.  Medicinal  use,  17,  2  ab.  Adultera¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  IX.  731,  2  b. 

Coffee,  three  counties,  V.  17. 

Coffee ,  Col.,  affray  with  the  Bentons,  IX.  488, 
2  b.  Defeats  the  Creek  Indians,  489,  1  a. 

Coffeeville,  county  seat,  XYI.  768,  2  a. 

Coffer  dam ,  Y.  650,  1  c  (ill.). 

Coffer  fish : .  see  Trunk  Fisn. 

Coffey,  county,  Y.  18. 

Coffin,  Sir  Isaac,  English  admiral,  Y.  18. 

Coffin,  James  Henry,  American  mathemati¬ 
cian,  V.  18. 

Cogalniceano,  Michael  [ko-gal-nich-a-a'-no], 
Roumanian  historian  and  statesman,  Y.  18. 

Cogalnitchanu :  see  Cogalniceano. 

CoGnET  Ti,  Francesco,  Italian  painter,  Y.  18. 

Cogito,  ergo  sum :  see  Descartes,  YI.  37,  2  b. 

Cognac  [kiih-nyak],  town  of  France,  Y.  19. 


COGNATES 


COLD 


213 


Cognac  brandy,  III.  210,  2  a;  IV.  275,  1  b; 
VII.  415,  1  a.  Flavoring  stuff,  III.  210, 
2  be. 

Cognates,  in  law,  V.  19. 

Cogniard,  Theodore  [kiih-nye-ar],  French 
playwright,  V.  19.  Hippolyte,  ib. 
Cog'nizance ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  be. 
Cognizance ,  to  make:  see  Replevin,  XIV. 
273,  1  b. 

Cogno'men :  see  Names,  XII.  127,  2  a. 
Cognovit,  in  law,  V.  19. 

Cogswell,  Joseph  Green,  American  scholar, 
V.  19.  See  Astor  Library,  II.  41, 1  b,  c,  2  b. 
Cohahuila  [ko-a-we'-la] :  see  Coahuila. 
Cohasset,  town  of  Massachusetts,  V.  20. 
Cohesion,  V.  20;  I.  158,  2  a,  b. 

Cohoes  [ko-hooz'],  city  of  New  York,  V.  21. 
Cohoes  falls,  2  ab  ;  XI.  700,  2  c.  Manufac¬ 
tures  of,  V.  21,  2  c,  ff. 

Co'horn:  see  Coehorn. 

Cohorn ,  mortar,  V.  13,  1  c;  III.  707,  1  b. 
Co'hort,  in  Roman  antiquity,  V.  22.  Cohors 
milliaria,  2  b. 

Cohosh',  plant,  V.  22  (ill.).  Red  and  white,  2  c. 
Coif,  head  dress,  V.  23. 

Coignet ,  Francois  [kwa-nya],  concrete  of  ( beton 
agglomere ),  V.  209,  1  b. 

Coimbatoor :  see  Coimbatore. 

Coimbatore  [ko-im-ba-tore'],  district  of  India, 
V.  23.  Capital,  1  c. 

Coimbra  [ko-im'-bra ;  Port.  kwins'-bra],  city  of 
Portugal,  V.  23.  University  of,  1  a.  Plaza 
(ill.).  Library  of  founded,  I.  297,  2  b. 

Coin  [ko-een'J,  town  of  Spain,  V.  23. 

Coinage ,  decimal ,  proposed  and  secured  by  Mr. 

Jefferson,  IX.  592,  1  be. 

Coinage ,  standard  silver  for,  XV.  48,  2  ab. 
Coinage  act  of  1873,  IV.  201,  2  ab ;  V.  27,  2  ab. 
Coining  press,  XI.  619,  2  a  (ill.,  620). 

Coins,  V.  23.  Material  of,  24,  1  b.  Standard, 
2  ab.  Form,  25,  1  a.  Impressions,  1  b. 
American  colonial  coinage,  2  a ;  federal,  26, 
2  a.  Mint  established,  2  be.  Coinage  acts, 
ib .,  ff.  Coins  of  various  countries  (ills.),  28- 

30.  Table  of  coins  of  different  countries,  30, 

31.  Total  U.  S.  coinage,  32,  1  a.  Ancient 
coins,  1  b.  German,  old,  VII.  749,  1  c; 
new,  2  a,  V.  30,  1  c.  See  Mint,  and  Nu¬ 
mismatics. 

Coir ,  cocoanut  fibre,  IV.  791,  lb;  X.  77,  1  c. 
Coire  [kwar],  town  of  Switzerland,  V.  33. 
Coit,  Thomas  Winthrop,  American  clergyman, 
V.  33. 

Co'ix  lach’ryma  (botany),  IX.  644,  2  b. 


Cojutepec,  or  Cojutepeque  [ko-khoo-ta-paik', 
-pa'-ka],  town  of  San  Salvador,  V.  33. 

Coke,  fuel,  V.  33.  Superiority  of  English 
coke,  34,  1  ab.  Methods  of  coking,  1  c. 

Coke,  Natural,  V.  35. 

Coke,  Sir  Edward,  English  jurist,  V.  35.  Ad¬ 
vice  to  students  of  law,  2  c.  Behavior  as  a 
prosecutor,  36, 1  a.  Jealousy  of  Bacon,  1  ab ; 
37,  2  be.  Integrity  and  independence  as  a 
judge,  36,  1  c,  2  c,  37,  1  a,  ff.  Deprived  of 
his  offices,  2  a-b.  Ilis  commentary  on  Lit¬ 
tleton,  38, 1  a.  Resistance  to  corruption  and 
tyranny,  1  c.  Basis  of  the  habeas  corpus 
act,  2  be.  Petition  of  right,  ib. 

Coke,  Thomas,  first  bishop  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  V.  39.  Deed  of  declara¬ 
tion,  1  ab.  Commentary  on  the  Scriptures, 
2  a,  b,  c.  Methodist  missions  administered 
by  him,  XI.  642,  2  b. 

Coke,  Thomas  William,  earl  of  Leicester  of 
Holkliam,  English  agriculturist,  V.  40. 

Cokings ,  product  of  petroleum,  XIII.  373, 1  c. 

Col.,  abbreviation  on  coins,  XII.  537,  1  ab. 

Cola  di  Rienzi :  see  Rienzi. 

Colapoor',  rajahship  of  India,  V.  40.  Capital, 

1  c. 

Colap' tes  aura'tus  (ornithology),  XVI.  710, 

2  a  (ill.). 

Col  de  Balme  [kul  duh  balm],  pass  in  the  Alps, 
I.  354,  1  be. 

Colberg  [kole'-bairg],  town  of  Prussia,  V.  40. 

Colbert  [kole'-bert],  county,  V.  40. 

Colbert,  Jean  Baptiste,  marquis  de  Seignelay 
[kul-bair],  French  statesman,  V.  40.  His 
improvement  of  the  condition  of  France,  2  c ; 
XIII.  666,  2  b.  Jean  Baptiste,  marquis  de 
Seignelay,  his  son,  V.  41,  1  c. 

Colbrand,  legendary  giant,  XVI.  467,  1  c. 

Colburn,  Warren  [kole'-burn],  American  ma¬ 
thematician,  V.  41 ;  I.  708,  2  b. 

Colburn,  Zerah,  arithmetical  prodigy,  V.  41. 

Colby,  Thomas,  English  engineer,  V.  42. 
Compensation  bar,  2  c. 

Colby  university :  see  Wateryille. 

Colchester,  borough  of  England,  V.  42.  Ben¬ 
edictine  abbey,  1  b  (ill.).  St.  Botolph’s 
priory,  ib.  (ill.). 

Colchester,  county,  V.  43. 

Colchester,  Lord :  see  Abbot,  Charles. 

Col'chicum,  plant,  V.  43  (ill.,  44).  Medicinal 
use  of,  2  c. 

Colchis  [kol'-kis],  ancient  country  of  Asia, 
V.  44. 

Cold  :  see  Catarrh. 


214 


COLD 


COLLEGIUM 


Cold ,  absolute:  see  Atmosphere,  II.  83,  1  c. 

Colden,  Cadwallader,  American  physician  and 
statesman,  Y.  44.  Cadwallader  David,  law¬ 
yer  and  legislator,  2  c. 

Cold  Harbor,  Battles  of :  see  Chick ahominy, 
IY.  413,  2  a;  416,  2  c. 

Coldingham  'priory ,  ruins  of,  referred  to,  II. 
588,  1  a. 

Cold  short ,  in  iron  making,  II.  780,  1  a;  IX. 
371,  2  ab. 

Cold  Spring :  see  Cape  May,  III.  750,  1  b. 

Cold  Spring ,  county  seat,  XIY.  606,  1  c. 

Cold  Spring ,  West  Point  foundery  at,  XIII. 
128,  1  a. 

Cold'stream,  town  of  Scotland,  Y.  45.  Cold¬ 
stream  guards,  1  b. 

Cold  icall ,  in  the  Gulf  stream,  II.  75,  1  b. 

Cold'water,  city  of  Michigan,  Y.  45. 

Cole,  county,  Y.  45. 

Cole,  Thomas,  American  painter,  Y.  45.  His 
“  Course  of  Empire,”  46,  1  be ;  “  Yoyage  of 
Life,”  1  c. 

Colebrooke,  Henry  Thomas,  English  oriental¬ 
ist,  Y.  46. 

Colemaist,  county,  Y.  47. 

Coleman,  William,  American  journalist,  Y. 
47.  Establishment  of  the  “  Evening  Post,” 
newspaper,  2  c. 

Colenso,  John  William,  English  bishop  and 
writer,  Y.  47. 

Coleoptera  [ko-le-op'-te-ra] :  see  Beetle. 

Colepeper ,  Thomas :  see  Culpeper. 

Colepina  [ko-le-pi'-na],  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 

Cole'raine,  town  of  Ireland,  Y.  48.  Cole- 
raines,  linen,  1  c. 

Cole'ridge,  Hartley,  English  author,  Y.  48. 

Coleridge,  Henry  Nelson,  lawyer  and  author, 
Y.  48. 

Coleridge,  Sir  John  Duke,  lawyer,  Y.  49. 

Coleridge,  Sir  John  Taylor,  judge,  Y.  49. 

Coleridge,  Samuel  Taylor,  English  poet  and 
philosopher,  Y.  49.  Scheme  of  pantisocracy, 
50,  1  a.  Eepublican  and  Unitarian,  ib. 
Preaches  his  probation  sermon  to  a  Uni¬ 
tarian  congregation,  2  a.  Residence  in  Ger¬ 
many,  ib.  Becomes  a  royalist  and  champion 
of  the  established  church,  2  b.  An  opium 
eater,  ib.  His  conversational  powers,  2  c. 
Writings,  50,  1  c;  51,  1  a. 

Coleridge,  Sara,  wrriter,  Y.  51. 

Coles,  county,  A7.  52. 

Coles,  Cowper  Phipps,  English  naval  officer, 
Y.  52. 

Col'et,  John,  English  clergyman,  Y.  52. 


Colet,  Louise  [kuh-la],  French  poetess,  Y.  52. 

Colfax  [kole'-fax],  three  counties,  Y.  53. 

Colfax ,  county  seat,  YIII.  155,  1  a. 

Colfax,  Schuyler,  vice  president  of  the  United 
States,  Y.  53. 

Col  du  Geant  [kul  dii  zha-ang],  in  the  Alps,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  YII.  107,  2  c. 

Colhuis  [kole'-wees],  Indian  race,  XI.  472, 1  be. 

Col'ic,  Y.  54.  Varieties  of,  1  b.  Treatment, 
1  c.  Lead  colic:  see  Lead,  X.  246,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Col'ica  Picto'num ,  disease,  X.  246,  2  ab. 

Coligni,  Gaspard  de  [kuh-le-nye],  Huguenot 
leader,  Y.  54 ;  II.  348,  1  b,  c ;  349,  1  a,  ab. 

Coligny :  see  Coligni. 

Colima  [ko-le'-ma],  state  of  Mexico,  Y.  55  (ill.). 
Yolcano  of,  2  c.  Capital  city,  56,  1  a. 

Colisce'um :  see  Colosseum. 

Colise'um :  see  Colosseum. 

Collaguas  [ko-lya'-gwass],  ancient  S.  American 
people,  II.  169,  1  c. 

Col'lamer,  Jacob,  American  senator,  Y.  56. 

Collar ,  in  grafting,  YIII.  139,  1  c. 

Collateral  inheritance ,  in  Roman  law,  YI.  39, 

1  a ;  in  English  common  law,  1  c ;  in  the 
United  States,  40,  2  ab. 

Colle,  Charles  [kul-la],  dramatist,  V.  56. 

Colle,  Raffaellino  dal  [kol'-la],  painter,  Y.  56, 

Collect  pond,  Hew  York  city,  XII.  373,  2  c. 

College,  Y.  56.  Various  associations  and  in¬ 
stitutions  so  called,  1  ab.  Colleges  as  depart¬ 
ments  of  a  university,  57,  2  a.  Sion  college, 

2  c.  Mediaeval  French  colleges,  ib.  Colleges 
of  the  English  universities,  58,  1  a.  Fellows 
of  a  college,  1  ab.  Halls,  1  be.  Gresham  col¬ 
lege,  ib.  (see  Gresham).  University  of  Lon¬ 
don,  1  c.  Colleges  in  France,  2  c;  college 
of  France,  ib.  In  Rome,  59,  1  be.  In  the 
United  States,  2  a;  tabular  list,  60-62. 
Representative  American  college :  see  Edu¬ 
cation,  YI.  426,  1  c. 

College  of  arms:  see  Heraldry,  YIII.  674,  1  c. 

College  of  civilians:  see  Doctors’  Commons. 

College  of  electors ,  in  Germany,  VI.  100,  1  a ; 
in  the  United  States,  XYI.  139,  2  a. 

College  Hill,  village  of  Ohio,  V.  63.  Farm¬ 
er’s  college,  1  a ;  Ohio  female  college,  ib. 

College  of  justice,  in  Scotland,  IX.  516,  1  be; 
V.  57,  1  a. 

College  of  the  Propaganda ,  XIY.  28,  2  b.  Con¬ 
nection  of  the  Jesuits  with  it,  IX.  632, 1  be. 

Collegia  opificum,  mediaeval  companies  of 
craftsmen,  YIII.  304,  2  be. 

Collegium  fetialium  [fe-se-a'-le-um] :  see  Law 
of  Nations,  X.  222,  1  b. 


COLLEOXI 


COLOMBIA 


215 


Colleoni ,  Bartolommeo ,  chapel  of,  II.  555,  1  c. 

Col'les,  Christopher,  American  engineer,  Y. 
63. 

Col'leton,  county,  Y.  63. 

Colleton,  James,  colonial  governor,  Y.  63. 

Collet'ta,  Pietro,  Italian  patriot,  Y.  63. 

Collier,  Arthur,  English  clergyman  and  phi¬ 
losopher,  Y.  63. 

Collt17  *,  Jeremy,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  Y.  64. 

Collier,  John  Payne,  English  author,  Y.  64. 

Colliers  of  England ,  condition  of,  Y.  65,  2  b-c. 

Colliery,  Y.  64.  Illustrations:  Summit  hill, 
Mauch  Chunk  mountain,  65  ;  mammoth  coal 
bed,  ib. ;  old  Baltimore  mines,  ib. ;  English 
coal  measures  and  unconformable  rock,  66; 
Alleghany  coal  measures,  67 ;  incline  and 
drifts,  ib. ;  plications  of  anthracite  measures 
near  Potts ville,  Pa.,  68  ;  drift,  with  dip  and 
strike  of  inclining  coal  beds,  ib. ;  slope,  tun¬ 
nel,  and  breaker,  ib. ;  slip  dike,  69  ;  change 
of  horizon,  ib. ;  “  trouble  ” — volcanic  forma¬ 
tions,  ib. ;  section  of  slope,  ib. ;  Pennsylvania 
anthracite  shaft,  70;  English  circular  shaft, 
ib. ;  travelling  rods,  71 ;  safety  shield  and 
platform,  72 ;  underground  mining  pump, 
73.  Table  of  British  mining  districts,  74,  b  ; 
of  accidents  in  British  mines,  1  c. 

Collimation:  see  Transit  Circle,  XY.  844, 
2  c,  845,  2  b. 

Collimator,  floating,  IX.  772,  1  a  (Kater). 

Collin,  county,  Y.  75. 

Collin,  town :  see  Kolin. 

Collingwood,  town  of  Canada,  Y.  75. 

Collingwood,  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Y.  75. 

Collingwood,  Cutlibert,  lord,  admiral,  Y.  75. 

Collins,  Anthony,  English  philosophical  and 
skeptical  writer,  Y.  76. 

Collins,  Charles  Allston,  English  painter  and 
author,  Y.  76. 

Collins,  Isaac,  American  printer  and  publisher, 

Y.  76. 

Collins,  "William,  English  poet,  Y.  76. 

Collins,  William,  painter,  Y.  77. 

Collins,  William  Wilkie,  novelist,  Y.  77. 

Collinson,  Peter,  English  botanist,  Y.  77. 

Collinsonia ,  genus  of  plants,  Y.  77,  2  ab. 

Colliquative  diarrhoea,  Y.  283,  2  c. 

Colln,  Georg  Friedrich  Wilibald  Ferdinand 
von  [fon  koln],  German  author,  Y.  77. 

Collocalia  (ornithology),  XY.  520,  2  b.  C. 
esculenta,  ib.  (ill.). 

Collodio-bromide process,  in  photography,  XIII. 

471,  2  o. 


Collodion,  adhesive  substance,  Y.  77.  Use  in 
photography,  78,  1  c ;  in  medicine,  ib. 
Collodion  process,  in  photography,  XIII.  470, 

1  c;  471,  1  a. 

Collodium :  see  Collodion. 

Col'loids,  in  chemistry,  YI.  71,  1  c. 

Collombet,  Francois  Z6non  [kuh-lon*-ba], 
French  author,  Y.  78. 

Colloredo  [kol-lo-ra'-do],  noble  family  of  Aus¬ 
tria,  Y.  78. 

Colloredo-Mansfeld:  see  Colloredo,  Y.  79, 1  b. 
Colloredo- Mels  and  Waldsee :  see  Colloredo, 

V.  79,  1  a. 

Colloredo- Wallsee :  see  Colloredo,  Y.  78,  2  c. 
Collot  d’Herbois,  Jean  Marie  [kuh-lo  dair- 
bwa],  French  revolutionist,  Y.  79. 

Collyrio  borealis  (ornithology),  III.  486,  2  be. 

C.  Ludovicianus,  2  c;  487,  1  c. 

Colman,  Benjamin  [kole'-man],  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  Y.  79. 

Colman,  George,  the  elder,  English  dramatist, 
Y.  80.  George,  the  younger,  dramatist,  1  c. 
Colman,  Henry,  American  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  Y.  80. 

Colmar  [kole'-mar],  city  of  Alsace,  Y.  80. 
Colne  [koln],  town  of  England,  Y.  80.  Eiver, 

2  c. 

Colne ,  river  of  Essex,  England :  see  Colchester. 
Colne  Ceaster,  Y.  43,  2  ah  (Colchester). 
Col'obus  (zoology),  XI.  752,  1  he.  C.  poly- 
comus,  ib. 

Colocasium  esculentum  (botany),  III.  562,  1  c. 
Coloco'lo,  a  variety  of  cat,  Y.  80  (ill.,  81). 
Colocotro'nis,  Tlieodoros,  Greek  general, 
Y.  81. 

Col'ocynth,  a  fruit,  Y.  81.  Plant,  2  a  (ill.). 
Use  in  medicine,  ib. 

Colocynthine  [kol-o-sin'-thin],  hitter  substance, 
Y.  81,  2  a. 

Cologne  [ko-lone' ;  Fr.  kuh-lony’],  city  of 
Prussia,  Y.  81.  Cathedral,  82,  2  a  (ill.) ;  IY. 
118,  1  c.  Altarpiece,  YI.  130,  2  c.  Fac¬ 
simile  of  the  original  design :  see  Moller. 
Modern  architect  of:  see  Zwirner.  His¬ 
tory  of  Cologne,  Y.  82,  1  c. 

Cologne  spirit,  YI.  144,  2  c.  See  Whiskey, 
XYI.  597,  2  b. 

Cologne  Water:  see  Eau  de  Cologne. 
Colom'bia,  United  States  of,  republic  of  South 
America,  Y.  83.  Coasts,  2  a.  Topography, 
2  b.  Map,  84.  Hydrography,  85,  1  h. 
Geology,  2  b.  Minerals,  86,  1  ah.  Climate, 
1  be.  Flora,  2  a.  Fauna,  2  b.  People,  2  c. 
Industries,  87,  1  b.  Commerce,  1  c.  Inter- 


216 


COLOMBIA 


COLQUHOUN 


communication,  2  b.  Education,  2  c.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  88,  1  a.  Religion,  1  b.  Army, 
ib.  Finances,  ib.  Aborigines,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory,  2  c.  See  Bolivar. 

Colombina :  see  Harlequin,  YIII.  463,  2  a. 
Colombine  [ko-lom'-bin],  bitter  principle,  Y. 
122,  2  c. 

Colombo,  capital  of  Ceylon,  Y.  90.  Cathe¬ 
dral  (ill.). 

Colombretes :  see  Columbretes. 

Colommen ,  pigeon,  IV.  27,  2  a. 

Colon  [ko-lone'],  town :  see  Aspinwall. 
Co'lon,  intestine,  Y.  90. 

Colon ,  in  punctuation,  XIY.  88,  2  a,  b. 

Volo'ni:  see  Serf,  XIY.  774,  1  a  and  be,  2  c. 
Colonia  Agrippina,  ancient  name  of  Cologne, 
I.  209,  la;  Y.  82,  2  c. 

Colonia  Glevum,  YIII.  38,  1  a  (Gloucester). 
Colonia  Patricia ,  Y.  348,  1  b  (Cordova). 
Colonia  powder,  VII.  38,  1  a. 

Colonia  Serbinum ,  VII.  528, 1  c  (Funfkirchen). 
Colonization:  see  Colony. 

Colonization  Society,  Y.  91.  Colony  of 
Liberia,  2  c.  Its  independence  acknowl¬ 
edged,  92,  1  b. 

Colonna,  a  princely  family  of  Italy,  Y.  92. 
Fabrizio,  lord  high  constable  of  Naples,  2  a. 
Prospero,  general,  ib.  Vittoria,  poetess,  2  b. 
Marc  Antonio,  duke  of  Paliano,  viceroy  of 
Sicily,  93,  1  a.  Fabio,  botanist,  ib.  Treat¬ 
ment  of  the  family  by  Boniface  YIII.,  III. 
66,  1  b. 

Colonna,  Ottone  (Pope  Martin  V.),  XI.  208, 
2  ab. 

Col'onsay,  island,  Hebrides,  Y.  93.  Little 
Colonsay,  1  b. 

Colony,  Y.  93.  Phoenician  colonization,  1  be; 
Greek,  1  c ;  Homan,  2  a;  Genoese  and  Vene¬ 
tian,  2  b ;  Portuguese,  ib. ;  Spanish,  2  c ; 
Dutch,  94,  lb;  Danish,  2  a ;  French,  2  b ; 
English,  95,  1  a;  American,  2  a. 

Colony  of  the  Bay  Islands,  III.  24,  1  b. 
Colophon,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  Y.  95. 

Oracle  of,  XII.  660,  1  c. 

Colophony,  kind  of  rosin,  XIY.  441,  2  b  ; 
XYI.  77,  2  a. 

Color,  Y.  95.  Sir  David  Brewster’s  theory  of 
the  cause  of,  96,  1  c ;  97,  1  a,  b.  Undulatory 
theory,  2  c.  Complementary  colors,  97,  1  c. 
Subjective  or  accidental  colors,  2  be.  Match¬ 
ing  of  colors,  99,  1  a.  Sir  Isaac  Newton’s 
theory  of  colors,  XII.  347,  2  a. 

Colorado  [kol-o-ra'-do],  territory  of  the  United 
States  (made  a  state  1876),  V.  99.  Popula¬ 


tion,  2  a.  Indians,  ib.  Topography,  2  c ; 
the  plains,  100,  2  ab ;  the  divide,  2  b ;  the 
park  system,  2  c.  Rivers,  101,  1  c.  Geolo¬ 
gy,  102,  1  ab.  Minerals,  2  a ;  gold  produc¬ 
tion,  ib.  ;  silver,  103,  1  ab ;  iron,  &c.,  2  a. 
Climate,  2  be.  Soil  and  productions,  104, 
1  b.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Intercommunica¬ 
tion,  105,  1  a.  Government,  1  c.  Educa¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Religious  denominations,  2  c. 
History,  106,  1  a. 

Colorado,  county,  Y.  106. 

Colorado,  river  of  Texas,  Y.  106. 

Colorado,  Rio  Colorado,  or  Colorado  River 
of  the  West,  Y.  106.  Canons  of  the,  107, 

1  a ;  first  descent,  2  c.  Exploration  of  the 
Colorado  valley,  108,  1  b. 

Colorado,  river  of  South  America,  Y.  108. 
Colorado  City,  county  seat,  YI.  553,  1  c. 
Colorado  desert,  III.  600,  2  ab ;  XIY.  598,  2  c. 
Colorado  potato  beetle :  see  Potato  Bug. 
Colorado  range,  Y.  100,  1  a. 

Color-Blindness,  Y.  108.  Cause  of,  109, 1  c. 
Colored  soldiers,  first  enlisted  in  the  federal 
army,  X.  494,  2  c. 

Colored  spaces,  in  telescopes,  irrationality  of 
the,  XY.  628,  1  a. 

Colorim'eter,  instrument,  Y.  109. 

Color  lines,  in  gem  engraving,  VII.  664,  1  c. 
Colors,  substantive,  YI.  339,  2  ab ;  adjective, 

2  b  ;  fugitive,  2  c  ;  fast,  ib. 

“  Colors,'1'1  artists’  name  of  paints,  XII.  804, 
2  b.  Artists’  colors,  805,  1  b. 

Colors,  in  flags,  VII.  249,  1  b. 

Colos's^e,  ancient  city  of  Phrygia,  Y.  110. 
Colosse'um,  amphitheatre  in  Rome,  Y.  110 
(ill.);  I.  440,  1  c;  XIY.  411,  2  c.  Scene  of 
the  martyrdom  of  the  early  Christians,  Y. 

111,  1  a.  Attempt  to  erect  in  it  a  manufac¬ 
tory  of  saltpetre,  1  c.  Preserved  by  conse¬ 
cration  to  the  memory  of  the  martyrs,  ib. 

Colossians,  Epistle  to  the,  Y.  111. 
Colossochelys  atlas  [ko-los-so-ke'-lis],  fossil  tor¬ 
toise,  XY.  666,  1  b;  812,  2  be. 

Colossus,  gigantic  statue,  Y.  111.  Colossus 
of  Rhodes,  2  b.  Other  ancient  colossi,  2  c. 
Modern  colossi,  112,  1  ab ;  II.  267,  2  c  (statue 
of  Arminius,  completed  1875). 

Colostrum  :  see  Milk,  XI.  542,  2  be. 

Colot,  Laurent  [kiih-lo],  French  surgeon,  V„ 

112. 

Colporteur  [kol-pore'-ter],  itinerant  missionary, 
XY.  831,  2  c. 

Colquhoun,  J.  C.  [ko-hoon'],  author :  see  An- 
imal  Magnetism,  I.  526,  2  c. 


COLQUHOUN 


COLYMBUS 


CoLQunouN,  Patrick,  British  author,  V.  112. 

Colquit,  county  seat,  XI.  551,  1  c. 

Colquitt,  county,  Y.  112. 

Colt,  Samuel,  American  inventor,  Y.  112.  Ilis 
armory,  113,  1  a.  Colt’s  revolving  pistol, 
XIII.  545,  1  a  (ill.). 

Colton,  Caleb  Charles,  English  writer,  Y.  113. 

Colton,  Calvin,  American  clergyman  and  wri¬ 
ter,  V.  113. 

Colton,  Walter,  American  clergyman  and  wri¬ 
ter,  Y.  113. 

Coltsfoot,  herb,  Y.  114  (ill.). 

Col'uber,  genus  of  serpents,  Y.  114.  C.  ZEs- 
culapii,  2  b.  C.  constrictor  or  C.  basca- 
nion,  II.  684,  1  a.  C.  eximius,  IV.  420,  2  a 
(ill.).  C.  guttatus,  Y.  368,  2  b  (ill.). 

Colu'go  :  see  Flying  Lemur. 

Columba  (ornithology),  XIII.  504,  1  b.  C. 
livia,  1  c  ;  variety  of,  IY.  27,  2  a.  C.  palum- 
bus,  XIII.  505, 1  b  (ill.).  C.  cenas,  &c.,  1  c,  ff. 

Columba,  Saint,  apostle  of  Caledonia,  Y.  114. 
Removal  of  his  relics,  YI.  316,  1  be.  Mo¬ 
nastic  colonies  established  by  him,  XI.  729, 
2  be.  See  Iona,  IX.  329,  1  a. 

Columba'nus,  Saint,  Y.  115.  Monastic  institu¬ 
tions  founded  by  him,  XI.  729,  2  c. 

Columbaria ,  ancient  city  :  see  Colmar. 

Columbaria ,  for  the  dead,  III.  453,  2  a. 

Columbia,  seven  counties,  Y.  116. 

Columbia,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  Y.  117. 

Columbia,  capital  of  South  Carolina,  Y.  117. 
Burning  of  the  city,  2  a :  see  further,  237,  2  a. 

Columbia,  town  of  Tennessee,  Y.  118. 

Columbia,  village  of  Missouri,  Y.  118. 

Columbia ,  county  seats,  I.  79,  2  a;  III.  83, 1  a; 
577,1  b;  XI.  168,2  c;  293,2  c;  XYI.  99,2  a. 

Columbia,  British  :  see  British  Columbia. 

Columbia,  District  of :  see  District  of  Co¬ 
lumbia. 

Columbia  City ,  county  seat,  XVI.  609,  2  be. 

Columbia  College,  New  York,  Y.  118  (ill., 
119).  Law  school,  119,  2  a.  School  of  mines, 
2  c.  History,  120,  1  c. 

Columbiad ,  gun,  I.  790,  2  a;  III.  708,  2  a, 
709,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Columbia  market,  London,  X.  613,  2  c. 

Columbian'a,  county,  Y.  122. 

Columbiana,  county  seat,  XI Y.  841,  2  b. 

Columbian  university,  Washington,  D.  C.,  XYI. 
481,  2  a. 

Columbia  River,  X.  W.  America,  Y.  121. 

Columbi'nce  (ornithology),  XIII*  504,  1  b. 

Columbium,  metal,  Y.  122. 

Columb-Kille :  see  Columba. 


217 

Columbo,  medicinal  root,  Y.  122.  American 
columbo,  2  c. 

Columbo,  city :  see  Colombo. 

Columbretes  [ko-loom-bra'-tace],  group  of 
Spanish  islands,  Y.  122. 

Columbus,  county,  Y.  123. 

Columbus,  city  of  Georgia,  Y.  123. 

Columbus,  city  of  Mississippi,  V.  123. 
Columbus,  town  of  Kentucky,  Y.  123. 
Columbus,  capital  of  Ohio,  Y.  123. 

Columbus ,  county  seats,  II.  347,  1  c ;  IY.  378, 

1  a;  Y.  106,  2  a;  XIII.  679,  1  b. 

Columbus,  Christopher,  discoverer  of  America, 

V.  125.  Residence  in  Porto  Santo,  2  ab. 
His  theory  of  a  western  route  to  India,  2  b. 
Encouraged  by  Toscanelli  the  cosmographer, 
126,  1  a;  his  map,  1  b.  Application  for 
aid  to  Genoa  and  to  Portugal,  1  be ;  to  Spain, 

2  ab.  Terms  of  contract  with  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella,  127,  2  a.  His  first  voyage,  128, 1  a. 
Land  descried,  2  b.  Reception  in  Spain,  129, 
1  ab.  Discovery  of  the  Windward  islands, 
&c.,  1  b.  Third  voyage,  1  c.  Carried  to 
Spain  in  chains,  ib.  See  Bobadilla.  Last 
days  and  death,  2  b.  His  remains,  2  c ; 
XI Y.  624,  2  a.  First  printed  biographical 
sketch  of  him,  VII.  827,  1  a.  Claims  to  a 
prior  discovery  of  America :  see  Behaim, 
Madoo,  Northmen,  and  Zeno,  Nicold  and 
Antonio. — His  descendants,  Y.  130,  1  a. 
Bartolommeo,  his  elder  brother,  1  be. 

Columella ,  of  a  univalve  shell,  Y.  201,  1  b ;  in 
the  organ  of  hearing  in  reptiles,  Y.  179, 1  ab. 
Columella,  Lucius  Junius  Moderatus,  Roman 
agricultural  writer,  Y.  130. 

Column ,  Doric,  I.  656,  1  b ;  Ionic,  657,  1  c ; 
Corinthian,  2  c. 

Columna  lactaria:  see  Foundling  Hospital, 
VII.  346,  2  ab. 

Column  of  July,  in  Paris,  XIII.  81,  2  a. 

Column  Vendome ,  in  Paris,  XIII.  81,  2  a.  De¬ 
struction  of,  Y.  166,  1  be ;  427, 1  ab,  b  ;  XI Y. 
103,  1  ab.  Reconstruction  of,  ib. ;  XIII.  93, 
1  be. 

Colure',  equinoctial :  see  Equator,  YI.  699, 1  c. 
Colu'sa,  county,  Y.  130. 

Colusa,  county  seat,  Y.  130,  2  c. 

Colwell,  Stephen,  American  merchant  and 
author,  Y.  130.  On  political  economy,  XIII. 
678,  1  a. 

Colza  Oil  :  see  Rape,  a  plant. 

Colymbus  (ornithology),  YI.  152, 1  b.  C.  gla- 
cialis,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  arcticus,  153,  1  a.  C. 
septentrionalis,  1  b  (ill.,  152). 


218 


COMA 


COMMON" 


Coma,  Y.  131 ;  I.  453, 1  a.  Coma  vigil,  Y.  131, 

1  c.  Coma  somnolentum,  2  a. 

Coma,  cometic  haze  of  light,  Y.  140,  2  ab. 
Co'ma  Berenices,  constellation,  II.  552,  2  a. 
Comacchio  [ko-mak'-kyo],  town  of  Italy,  Y.  131. 

Fish  culture  at,  VII.  217,  1  c,  2  a;  228,  1  c. 
Comal',  county,  Y.  131. 

Coma'na,  ancient  city  of  Cappadocia,  Y.  131 ; 
III.  116, 1  a.  Of  Pontus,  Y.  131,  2  c.  Priests 
and  kings  of :  see  Archelaus,  I.  647,  2  ab. 
Coman'che,  two  counties,  Y.  131. 

Comanche ,  county  seat,  V.  132,  1  a. 
Comanciies,  Indian  tribe,  Y.  132  (ill.).  Staked 
Plain  Comanches,  2  b. 

Comatu'la ,  crinoid,  referred  to,  XY.  320,  2  c. 
Comayagua  [ko-ma-ya'-gwa],  department  of 
Honduras,  Y.  132.  Capital  of  Honduras, 
133,  1  a  (view). 

Comb,  Y.  133.  Ancient  combs,  1  c.  Materials, 

2  b,  c.  Tortoise-shell  combs,  how  made,  2  b. 
Combaco'num,  city  of  British  India,  Y.  133. 

Great  gopura,  or  gate  pyramid,  134, 1  be  (ill.). 
Combalot,  Theodore,  abb6  [kong-ba-lo],  French 
author,  Y.  134. 

Combe,  George,  Scottish  phrenologist,  A7.  134. 
Abraham,  socialist,  2  c.  Andrew,  physician, 
135,  1  a. 

Combermere,  Stapleton  Cotton,  viscount  [koam'- 
ber-mere],  British  soldier,  V.  135.  Storming 
of  Bhurtpoor,  II.  606,  1  b. 

Combes,  Edmond  [kongb],  French  traveller,  Y. 
135. 

Combinations,  Theory  of,  in  mathematics,  Y. 

135.  Processes,  2  a.  Its  applications,  2  b. 
Combining  proportion,  chemical,  YI.  700,  2  c. 
Combining  volumes,  in  chemistry,  IY.  366,  1  be. 
Combustion,  Y.  135.  Phlogistic  theory,  136, 
1  ab.  Antiphlogistic  theory,  1  c.  Theory 
of  latent  heat,  ib.  Effect  of  solar  light  on 
combustion,  137,  1  be. 

Combustion,  Spontaneous,  V.  137.  Human 
spontaneous  combustion,  138,  1  c. 

Com' edon,  a  tubercle,  YI.  694,  2  c. 

Comedy  :  see  Drama. 

Comejen  [ko-ma-khain'],  insect,  IY.  34,  1  b. 
Comenius,  John  Amos,  Moravian  educational 
reformer,  A7.  139. 

Comes  [ko'-meez] :  see  Count  and  Sheriff. 
Comes  palatii ,  mediaeval  judicial  officer,  XII. 

818,  1  a.  C.  palatinus,  count  palatine,  ib. 
Comet,  Y.  140.  Halley’s  comet,  1  c ;  A7III. 
404,  1  b.  Drawings  of  comets,  Y.  140,  2  c. 
Meteor  systems  of  August  and  November, 
141,  1  b.  Biela’s  comet,  1  a;  II.  628,  1  a. 


Encke’s,  A7.  141,  1  c ;  ATI.  592,  1  be.  Do* 
nati’s,  Y.  140,  1  c :  see  Donati. 

“  Come  to  nature ,”  in  iron  manufacture,  IX. 
400,  1  a. 

Comfrey  [kum'-fre],  plant,  Y.  141  (ill.). 

Comines,  Philippe  de  [du.h  ko-meen],  French 
statesman  and  historian,  Y.  141. 

Comitan',  town  of  Mexico,  Y.  142. 

Comitia,  Roman  assemblies,  Y.  142. 

Comitium,  origin  of  the  name,  XIY.  419,  1  a. 

Comitlan :  see  Comitan. 

Commander :  see  Commandery. 

Commander  of  the  faithful,  title  first  assumed, 
XII.  626,  2  a. 

Commanderia  [kom-man-da-re'-a],  vineyard  of 
the,  Y.  616,  1  c. 

Commander's  islands,  I.  274,  2  c. 

Commandery,  feudal  benefice,  Y.  143.  Among 
the  knights  of  Malta,  1  b. 

Commendams  (appointments  in  commendam ), 
case  of  the  :  see  Coke,  Y.  37,  1  b. 

Commendation,  in  feudal  law,  VII.  160,  2  c. 

“  Commercial  Advertiser,'1''  newspaper  of  New 
York,  established,  I.  138,  2  b  ;  XYI.  533,  2  b. 

Commercial  schools :  see  Education,  YI.  430, 2  b. 

Commissarius,  a  Roman  magistrate,  XAH.  229, 
2  ab. 

Commission,  in  the  Scottish  Presbyterian 
church,  XIII.  809,  1  c. 

Commission,  the  great  seal  put  in :  see  Chan¬ 
cellor,  IY.  254,  1  c. 

Commissioner1  s  Salt  Pan,  a  pond  in  Cape 
Colony,  III.  744,  1  a. 

Commission  merchant,  VII.  54,  1  c. 

Commissures,  of  the  brain,  III.  192,  2  b  ;  in 
radiates,  XII.  234,  1  b. 

Commodianus,  Latin  Christian  poet,  X.  199, 1  b. 

Commodore,  naval  officer,  Y.  143. 

Com'modus  Antoni'nus,  Lucius  Aurelius,  Ro¬ 
man  emperor,  Y.  143. 

Common,  Rights  of,  Y.  143.  Common  of  pis¬ 
cary,  2  b ;  of  pasturage,  ib. ;  appurtenant, 
2  c ;  because  of  vicinage,  144,  2  ab ;  in 
gross,  2  b.  Right  of  common  in  the  United 
States,  ib. 

Common  biliary  duct,  X.  538,  1  b. 

Common  Carrier,  Y.  144.  His  obligations, 
145,  1  a ;  liabilities,  1  b.  Character  of  de¬ 
livery  to  be  made  by  him,  2  b.  Common 
carriers  of  persons,  146,  1  a.  See  XYI.  451, 
1  b,  and  Forwarding  Merchant. 

Commoners,  at  Oxford  university,  XII.  764, 1  b. 

Common  Law,  Y.  146.  Development  of  it, 
147,  1  b.  Collections  of  Saxon  laws,  148, 


COMMON 


COMPITALIA 


219 


l  ab.  Extent  of  the  change  in  laws  made 
by  the  Normans,  2a;  in  regard  to  real  es¬ 
tate,  ib. ;  jurisdiction  of  ecclesiastical  courts 
increased,  2  c ;  foreign  canon  law  introduced, 
149,  1  c.  Constitutions  of  Clarendon,  2  a. 
Settlement  of  the  canon  law  in  England,  2  b. 
Primogeniture,  2  c.  Influence  of  the  civil 
law  on  personal  property  and  contracts,  150, 
1  b.  Growth  of  the  common  law,  1  c. 
Jurisdiction  of  courts  of  admiralty,  151, 

1  a.  Modern  English  commercial  law,  1  be. 
Principles  which  distinguish  common  law 
from  other  systems,  1  c.  Mode  in  which  it 
has  been  promulgated,  152,  2  be. 

Common  laic  'procedure  act ,  XIII.  608,  1  c. 

Common  Prayer,  Book  of,  Y.  152.  Revision 
of  the  existing  service  books  ordered  by 
Henry  VIII.,  158,  1  c.  First  service  book 
of  Edward  VI.,  sources  of,  2  a.  Adoration 
of  the  sacrament  abolished  in  it,  X.  35,  1  c 
(Knox).  Opposed  by  the  more  radical  re¬ 
formers,  V.  153,  2  c.  Hampton  Court  con¬ 
ference,  154,  2  a.  Savoy  conference,  2  be. 
Prayer  book  in  Scotland,  155,  1  ab ;  in  Ire¬ 
land,  1  c ;  in  America  before  the  war  of 
independence,  2  b.  Translated  into  Italian, 
II.  447,  2  a ;  into  Irish,  2  b.  American 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  V.  156,  1  c. 

Common  recovery ,  form  of  legal  proceeding, 
VI.  737,  2  b. 

Common  Schools,  V.  156.  In  ancient  states, 
157,  1  a.  In  Roman  Catholic  countries,  1  b. 
In  Protestant  German  states,  1  c.  In  Scot¬ 
land,  2  be.  In  the  United  States,  2  c. 

Commons,  House  of :  see  Parliament. 

Commune  de  Paris  [kum-mun  diih  pa-re],  rev¬ 
olutionary  committee  of  1789,  V.  160 ;  IX. 
500,  1  ab.  Revolutionary  government  of 
1871,  V.  160,  2  c.  Resistance  to  the  na¬ 
tional  government  begun,  161,  2  ab.  Force 
resolved  upon  by  the  government,  162,  1  b. 
Fraternization  of  the  government  troops 
with  the  communists,  2  b.  The  communists 
masters  of  Paris,  163,  1  a.  Their  triumph 
at  the  municipal  elections,  2  c.  They  move 
upon  Versailles,  164,  2  b.  Offensive  opera¬ 
tions  begun  by  government,  165,  2  b  ;  166, 

2  a.  Condition  of  Paris  under  Cluseret, 
166,  1  a.  Incendiarism,  169,  1  a.  Final 
struggle,  2  a. 

Communes ,  privileges  of  in  the  middle  ages : 
see  Serf,  XIV.  775,  1  be. 

Communion ,  church,  II.  292,  1  c ;  X.  639, 

2  ab. 


Communion  service:  see  Lord’s  Supper,  X. 
638,  1  a. 

Communism  :  see  Socialism,  and  Blanc,  Jean 
Joseph  Louis. 

Communities,  war  of  the,  I.  132,  1  a. 
Comne'nus,  Byzantine  family,  V.  170 ;  I.  244, 
2  c.  See  Alexis  I.,  emperor  of  Trebizond  ; 
Alexis  I.,  of  Constantinople ;  Isaac  I.,  By¬ 
zantine  emperor  ;  Isaac  II. ;  Andronicus 
(I.,  Comnenus) ;  Manuel  (I.,  Comnenus) ; 
Anna  Comnena;  and  Byzantine  Empire, 
III.  516,  2  a,  ab. 

Como,  province  of  Italy,  V.  170.  Capital  city, 
2  d  ;  view,  171.  Lake  of,  1  a. 

Co'monfort,  Ygnacio,  Mexican  statesman,  V. 
171.  Provisional  president,  172,  1  a;  con¬ 
stitutional,  1  b.  Expelled,  1  c.  Murdered,  ib. 
Com'orin,  Cape :  see  Cape  Comorin. 

Comorn',  county  of  Hungary,  V.  172.  Capital, 
2  a.  Fortress  of,  ib. 

Com'oro  Isles,  Mozambique  channel,  V.  172. 
Company,  of  infantry,  X.  269,  1  b ;  270,  2  a ; 
272,  1  c ;  273,  1  a. 

Company  of  the  Indies,  French,  X.  217,  2  b. 
Company  of  the  Mississippi ,  French,  X.  677,  2  c. 
Company  of  royal  adventurers  of  England 
trading  to  Africa,  VIII.  88,  1  c. 
Comparative  Anatomy,  V.  172,  and  I.  460, 

1  be.  Skeleton,  V.  173,  1  a.  Form,  175, 

2  b.  Nervous  system,  176,  2  b.  Organs  of 
special  sense,  177,  2  ab ;  touch,  2  b;  taste, 

178,  1  b  ;  smell,  2  ab  ;  hearing,  2  c ;  sight, 

179,  1  c.  Organs  of  alimentation  and  diges¬ 
tion,  180,  1  ah.  External  covering,  183,  1  c. 
History,  185,  1  b.  Supposed  founder  of  the 
science,  II.  510,  1  c  (Belon). 

Comparative  grammar :  see  Language,  X.  146, 
2  b  ;  149,  2  b. 

Comparative  zoology,  museum  of  at  Harvard, 
VIII.  499,  1  ab. 

Compass,  mariner’s,  V.  186  (ill.).  For  land 
surveying,  187,  1  be.  Variation  in  ships, 

188,  1  a. 

Compass,  Solar,  V.  188  (ill.). 

Compass  courses ,  in  navigation,  XII.  180,  2  b. 
Compass  plant,  XV.  46,  2  a. 

Compensation  bar :  see  Colby,  Thomas,  V.  42, 
2  c ;  Coast  Survey,  IV.  758,  1  c. 
Compensation  pendulums,  IV.  697,  2  a. 
CoMPikGNE  [kon?-pyain],  town  of  France,  V. 

189.  Palace,  2  a  (ill.). 

Compignano,  countess  of  [kom-pe-nya'-no], 
(Elisa  Bonaparte  Bacciochi),  III.  25,  2  c. 
Compitalia,  Roman  festival,  V.  189. 


220 


COMPLETE 


CONCORD 


Complete  protection  system ,  in  iron-clad  ships, 

IX.  386,  1  b. 

Complexion,  Y.  189.  Color  of  the  negro, 
2  c,  ff.  Changes  of  color  in  whites,  190, 
1  a;  in  negroes,  2  b.  Pigment  cells,  191, 

1  b.  Influence  of  light  and  heat,  192,  1  a. 
Blumenbach’s  division  of  mankind,  193,  2  a; 
Pickering’s,  2  b.  Albinos,  2  c.  Influence 
of  race,  194,  1  ab.  Conclusions,  1  c. 

Compline  [kom'-plin],  in  the  Catholic  breviary, 
Y.  194. 

COMPLUTENSIAN  POLYGLOT  I  See  BlBLE,  II.  610, 

2  c ;  Polyglot,  XIII.  687,  1  c.  Referred  to, 

I.  259,  2  b ;  XYI.  758,  1  c. 

Complutum ,  ancient  town,  I.  259,  2  b  (Alcala 
de  Henakes)  ;  II.  610,  2  c. 

Composing  and  distributing  machines :  see 
Printing,  XIII.  848,  2  be. 

Composing  stick ,  in  printing,  XIII.  847,  2  c. 
Composite  Oeder  [kom-poz'-it],  in  architec¬ 
ture,  Y.  194;  I.  659,  2  b  (ill.,  656). 
Composition ,  in  printing,  XIII.  846,  2  c ;  847, 
2  c. 

Compositor :  see  Printing,  XIII.  846,  2  c. 
Compound  Blowpipe  :  see  Blowpipe. 
Compressibility,  of  matter,  Y.  194. 
Compromise  (Clay’s),  on  slavery,  II.  543,  1  b; 

IY.  655,  2  a.  On  the  tariff,  IY.  654,  2  a. 
Compromise  system:  see  Town,  XY.  828,  1  ab. 
Compton,  county  of  Canada,  Y.  195. 

Compton ,  county  seat,  Y.  195,  1  b. 

Compton,  Henry,  English  prelate,  Y.  195. 
Comptonia  asplenifolia  (botany),  II.  407,  1  c. 
Com'purgators,  in  Saxon  law,  Y.  195;  IX. 

721,  2  be,  722,  2  a. 

Comstock:,  John  Lee,  M.  D.  [kum'-stok],  Amer¬ 
ican  author,  Y.  195. 

Comstock  lode  or  ledge ,  YIII.  91,  2  b ;  XII. 
265,  2  b ;  XY.  56,  2  c. 

Comtat-Yenaissin  [kong-ta-vffh-na-sang],  terri¬ 
tory  of  France,  Y.  195. 

Comte,  Auguste  [kongt],  French  philosopher, 
Y.  195.  His  scheme  of  thought,  196,  1  c. 
See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444,  1  c. 

Comus,  in  mythology,  Y.  197. 

Comus ,  M.  [kuh-mus],  his  automaton  group, 

II.  155,  1  c. 

Comynes :  see  Comines. 

Conajee  Angria,  Mahratta  chieftain,  YII.  792, 
1  c. 

Co'nant ,  Roger:  see  Salem,  XIY.  562,  2  c. 
Conant,  Thomas  Jefferson,  American  Biblical 
scholar  and  author,  Y.  197.  Hannah  Chap¬ 
lin,  author,  1  c. 


Conca  d'  Oro,  site  of  Palermo,  XII.  819,  2  c. 
Con'can,  North  and  South,  maritime  tract  of 
British  India,  Y.  197. 

Concealment ,  in  insurance,  IX.  317,  1  ab. 
Concelebra' re  (Lat.,  to  celebrate  together) :  see 
Mass,  XI.  244,  1  c. 

Concentaina  [kone-thain-tl'-na],  town  of 
Spain,  Y.  197. 

Concentrators ,  dry ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  422,  1  c. 
Conception  [Sp.  kone-thaip-the-oan'],  prov¬ 
ince  of  Chili,  V.  198.  Capital,  1  a. 
Conceptas  [kone-thaip'-tass],  school  of,  in  Span¬ 
ish  literature,  XY.  221,  2  c. 

Conception :  see  Obstetrics,  XII.  568,  2  c. 
Concertina  [kon-ser-te'-na],  reed  instrument, 
XIY.  242,  2  ab. 

Conch  [konk],  shell,  Y.  198.  Use  of  in  place 
of  dinner  bells,  1  c. 

Concha,  Jos6  de  la  [kone'-cha],  marquis  of 
Havana,  Spanish  soldier  and  statesman,  Y. 
198.  Manuel  de  la,  marquis  of  Douro,  2  b. 
Conchas,  river:  see  Conchos. 

Conchifeea  [kon-kiff-e-ra],  bivalve  mollusks, 
Y.  198  (ills.,  199). 

Con'cho,  county,  Y.  199. 

Conchoderma  auri'ta  [kon-ko-der'-ma],  crusta¬ 
cean  (ill.),  IY.  612,  1  b. 

Conchology  [kon-kol'-o-je],  Y.  199.  Com¬ 
position  and  growth  of  shells,  200,  1  a; 
forms,  2  a;  textures,  2  b;  colors,  201,  1  a. 
Univalves,  1  b  (ills.).  Bivalves,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Fossils,  202,  2  c.  Number  of  species,  203, 

1  b.  Uses,  ib.  Prices  of  rare  shells,  1  c. 
CoNcnos  [kone'-choce],  river  of  Mexico,  Y.  203. 
Concilium  regis ,  and  concilium  secretum ,  of 

English  kings:  see  Star  Chamber,  XY.  319, 

2  b ;  XIII.  114,  1  a. 

Concilium  Tridentinum:  see  Trent,  Council  of. 
Concini,  Concino  de’  [kon-che'-ne] :  see  An- 
cre,  Marshal  d’. 

Con'clave,  for  the  election  of  a  pope,  Y.  203. 

Ceremonial  observed  in  it,  204,  1  c. 
Conclusion ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  a. 

Concomitance ,  in  theology,  X.  638,  2  be. 
Concord  [kong'-kurd],  capital  of  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  Y.  205.  State  house,  1  c  (ill.). 
Concord,  town  of  Massachusetts,  Y.  206.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  2  a.  Settlement  of:  see  Bulkley* 
Peter. 

Concord.,  county  seat,  III.  522,  2  c. 

Con' cord,  ancient  symbols  of,  Y.  208,  1  c. 
Concord ,  temple  of  at  Agrigentum,  I.  208, 
1  a  (ill.). 

“  Concord,  Book  of. X.  731,  1  c. 


CONCORDANCE 


CONFARREATION 


221 


Concordance,  V.  207.  Concordances  of  the 
Bible,  1  a.  Concordance  to  Shakespeare, 
2  c;  IV.  641,  2  ab ;  XIV.  821,  1  b. 

Concordantia  Discordantium  Canonum,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  V.  753,  1  a. 

Concor'dat,  ecclesiastical  treaty  of  the  pope 
with  princes  and  governments,  V.  207.  See 
Canon  Law,  III.  719,  2  c.  Between  Calix- 
tus  II.  and  the  emperor  Henry  V.,  X.  183, 
2  b;  between  Leo  X.  and  Francis  I.,  VII. 
578,  1  c;  between  Napoleon  I.  and  Pins 
VII.,  2  b ;  between  Pius  VII.  and  Louis 
XVIII.,  2  be;  between  Pius  IX.  and  Aus¬ 
tria,  II.  148,  1  a,  151,  1  a,  152,  1  a. 

Concorde ,  Place  de  la  [plas  du.Ii  la  kong-kord], 
in  Paris,  XIII.  80,  1  b. 

Concordia,  parish  of  Louisiana,  V.  208. 

Concordia,  a  divinity,  V.  208  (ill.). 

Concordia ,  county  seat,  IV.  709,  1  b. 

Concordia  Formula,  Lutheran  symbolical 
book,  V.  208. 

Concorrezenses ,  mediaeval  sect,  IV.  116,  1  b 
(Catiiarists)  ;  I.  243,  2  b  (Albanenses). 

Con'crete,  hardening  composition  for  struc¬ 
tures,  V.  208.  Materials,  2  c.  Coignet’s 
process,  209,  1  b.  Construction  of  the  mole 
of  Algiers,  2  b.  Foundations  of  the  East 
river  bridge,  210,  1  c.  Ransome’s  artificial 
stone,  2  ab.  Other  artificial  stones,  211, 

1  b. 

Concu  binage,  V.  211.  Among  the  ancients, 

2  b ;  in  Rome,  2  c;  in  the  church,  212, 
1  be;  in  Germany,  1  c;  in  France,  2  a;  in 
China,  2  b;  in  Japan,  2  c. 

Condamine,  Charles  Marie  de  la  [la  kong-da- 
meen],  French  geographer,  V.  212. 

Conda'te ,  ancient  town,  XIV.  271,  1  be. 

Conde  [kong-da],  two  towns  of  France,  V.  213. 
Conde-sur-l’Escaut  [-sur-les-ko],  1  b.  Conde- 
sur-Noireau  [-siir-nwa-ro],  1  be. 

CoNDfi,  name  of  a  younger  branch  of  the 
Bourbon  family,  V.  213.  Louis  I.  de  Bour¬ 
bon,  prince  de,  1  c.  Henri  I.  de  Bourbon, 
prince  de,  2  a.  Henri  II.  de  Bourbon,  prince 
de,  2  be.  Louis  II.  de  Bourbon  (the  great 
Conde),  214,  1  a.  Henri  Jules  de  Bour¬ 
bon,  prince  de,  215,  1  a.  Louis  III.  de 
Bourbon,  duke  de  Bourbon-Cond6,  1  ab. 
Louis  Henri  de  Bourbon,  duke  de  Bourbon 
and  Enghien :  see  Bourbon,  Louis  Henri. 
Louis  Joseph  de  Bourbon,  prince  de  Conde, 
1  be.  Louis  Henri  Joseph  de  Bourbon,  duke 
de  Bourbon  and  last  prince  de  Cond6  :  see 
Bourbon,  Louis  Henri  Joseph.  Louise  Ade¬ 


laide  de  Bourbon,  215,  2  a.  House  of  Con¬ 
fix  referred  to,  III.  157,  1  b. 

Conde,  Jose  Antonio  [kone'-tAa],  Spanish  ori¬ 
entalist  and  historian,  V.  215. 

Conde ,  princess  de  (niece  of  Richelieu  and  wife 
of  the  great  Cond6),  place  of  her  imprison- 
ment,  IV.  334,  2  c. 

Condenser ,  in  a  steam  engine,  XV.  341,  2  c. 
For  sulphuric  acid,  459,  2  a. 

Condenser ,  achromatic ,  in  a  microscope,  XI. 
519,  1  b.  Bull’s-eye  condenser,  2  b. 

Condensers ,  electric,  VI.  509,  2  a  (ill.) ;  XI.  17, 
1  a. 

Condensing  glasses ,  in  a  telescope,  XV.  622,  2  b. 

Conder,  Josiah,  English  publisher  and  author, 
V.  215. 

Condillac,  Etienne  Bonnot  de  [koug-de-yak], 
French  philosopher,  V.  216.  See  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  812,  2  a;  Philosophy, 
XIII.  441,  2  a,  444,  1  a.  His  power  of  rea¬ 
soning  in  sleep,  VI.  254,  2  c. 

Conditional  baptism,  II.  291,  1  a. 

Condivicnum ,  ancient  town:  see  Nantes. 

Condom  [kong-dong],  town  of  France,  V.  216. 
Bishop  of:  see  Bossuet,  III.  115,  1  a. 

Condor,  bird,  V.  217  (ill.). 

Condorcet,  Marie  Jean  Antoine  Nicolas  Cari- 
tat,  marquis  de  [kong-dor-sa],  French  savant 
and  author,  V.  218.  See  Moral  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XI.  812,  2  b.  His  power  of  reasoning 
in  sleep,  VI.  254,  2  c.  Marie  Louise  Sophie 
de,  author,  V.  219,  1  c. 

Condottieri  [kon-dot-te-a'-re],  mediaeval  lead¬ 
ers  of  mercenaries,  V.  219. 

Conductors  and  non-conductors:  see  Elec¬ 
tricity,  VI.  501,  1  be ;  Galvanism,  VII. 
596,  1  c;  Heat,  VIII.  572,  1  c. 

Conducts ,  chaplains,  VI.  763,  1  c. 

Condulmero ,  Gabriele  [kon-dool-ma'-ro],  (Pope 
Eugenius  IV.),  VI.  773,  2  a. 

Condylu'ra  (zoology),  XI.  705,  1  be;  706, 
1  ab.  C.  cristata,  1  b  (ill.). 

Condy's  liquid,  tooth  wash,  XI.  104,  1  a. 

Cone,  in  geometry,  V.  219. 

Cone,  Spencer  Houghton,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  V.  220. 

Conecuh  [ko-ne'-ka],  county,  V.  220. 

Conejos  [ko-ne'-hoce ;  Sp.  ko-na/-khoce],  coun¬ 
ty,  V.  220. 

Cone  Shells,  V.  221  (ills.). 

Conesto'gas,  tribe  of  Indians,  V.  221. 

Conewaxgo  Creek  [kon-e-wang'-go],  V.  221. 

Coney  Island,  New  York,  V.  221. 

Confarreation,  Roman  marriage,  V.  221. 


222 


CONFECTIONERY 


CONGREGATIONALISM 


Confectionery ,  colored ,  adulteration  of,  I.  133, 
2  a. 

Confection  of  dog  rose,  XIV.  437,  2  ab. 
Confederacy  of  Delos,  VIII.  190,  2  c. 
Confederalists ,  party  in  the  United  Evangeli¬ 
cal  church,  XVI.  117,  1  ab. 

Confederate  States  of  America,  V.  221. 
Secession  of  South  Carolina,  222,  1  a,  if. ; 
declarations  of  reasons,  1  b,  223,  1  a.  Se¬ 
cession  of  other  states,  2  be.  A.  H.  Ste¬ 
phens’s  address  against  the  secession  of 
Georgia,  224,  1  b.  Efforts  for  conciliation, 

225,  2  a.  Break-up  of  Buchanan’s  cabinet 
on  the  question  of  relieving  Fort  Sumter, 

226,  2  a.  Lincoln’s  inauguration,  227,  1  a. 
Constitution  of  the  Confederate  States,  1  c. 
Their  government  organized,  228,  1  a.  Vice 
President  Stephens’s  address  on  its  princi¬ 
ples,  1  b.  Position  of  the  border  states, 
2  a  ;  of  the  free  states,  2  b.  Importance  of 
Fort  Sumter,  229,  1  ab ;  its  surrender,  2  a. 
President  Lincoln’s  call  for  troops,  2  be. 
Secession  of  Virginia,  &c.,  230,  1  c.  Con¬ 
federate  preparations  for  war,  2  c ;  federal, 
231, 1  b.  Comparative  view  of  the  sections, 
2  a.  End  of  the  struggle,  232,  1  be.  Main 
events  of  the  war,  1  c.  Bibliography,  2  c. 

Confederate  steamers,  construction  of  in  France 
forbidden,  II.  583,  1  a ;  allowed  in  Great 
Britain,  X.  494,  1  a. 

Confederation  of  Bar,  II.  294,  2  a;  IV.  112, 
1  a ;  XIII.  647,  2  a. 

Confederation  of  Kilkenny,  IX.  358,  1  be. 
Confederation  of  the  Rhine:  see  Rhenish 
Confederation. 

Confederation  of  the  United  States,  period  of 
the,  XVI.  160,  2  a. 

Conference,  Methodist,  XI.  451,  2  a  ;  452,  2  b; 
455,  1  b,  2  c,  ff. 

Conference  island,  in  the  Bidassoa,  II.  624,  2  c. 
Confer'vce  (botany),  VII.  248,  2  a. 

Confervas :  see  Alg^e. 

Confessio  Amantis,  Gower’s,  VIII.  134,  1  a, 
ab;  VI.  633,  1  be. 

Confessio  Bohemica,  referred  to,  II.  787,  1  b. 
Confession,  Auricular,  V.  233. 

Confession  and  avoidance ,  in  law,  XIII.  607,  2  b. 
Confession  of  the  four  cities,  III.  377,  1  ab. 
Confessor,  title  of,  in  distinction  from  martyr, 
XI.  214,  2  a. 

Confetti,  used  in  the  carnival,  IV.  10,  1  be. 
Confirmation,  ecclesiastical  rite,  V.  233.  Con- 
firmatio  confessionis,  234,  1  a. 

Confiscation,  origin  of  the  word,  VII.  216, 1  a. 


Conflagration,  V.  234.  Destruction  of  Nine- 
veh  and  Babylon,  1  b;  of  other  ancient 
cities,  2  a ;  of  Jerusalem,  2  c;  of  Carthage, 
&c.,  235,  1  a.  First  general  conflagration 
of  Rome,  1  b.  Conflagrations  in  Constanti¬ 
nople,  2  a;  London,  2  be;  Copenhagen,  236, 
1  c ;  Moscow,  ib. ;  Hamburg,  2  c ;  Paris,  237, 
1  a;  China  and  Japan,  1  ab ;  New  York, 

1  b ;  San  Francisco,  1  c ;  Columbia,  S.  C., 

2  a;  Charleston,  2  b;  Portland,  Me.,  ib.; 
Chicago,  1  c;  Boston,  238,  1  ab. 

Confluences,  ancient  town :  see  Coblentz. 
Confraternities  of  charity :  see  Paul,  Vincent 
de,  XIII.  175,  2  c. 

Confraternity ,  secular,  VIII.  304,  2  a ;  re¬ 
ligious,  308,  1  a. 

Confucius,  Chinese  philosopher,  V.  238  (ill.). 
Character  of  his  teachings,  239,  1  be.  Works 
of,  IV.  471,  1  a,  c. 

Congaree',  river  of  South  Carolina,  V.  239. 
Conger  eel  [kong'-gher],  VI.  447,  1  b  (ill.) ;  so 
called,  II.  710,  2  be. 

Conger  occidentalis  (ichthyology),  VI.  447,  1  e 
(ill.).  C.  vulgaris,  2  a. 

Congestion,  V.  239.  Stage  of,  in  inflamma 
tion,  IX.  275,  2  ab. 

Congestive  chill,  VII.  165,  1  c. 

Congiaria :  see  Lottery,  X.  647,  1  a. 
Congleton,  town  of  England,  V.  240. 
Congleton,  Henry  Brooke  Parnell,  lord,  Eng’ 
lish  statesman  and  author,  V.  240. 
Conglomerate,  rock,  V.  240 ;  III.  240,  2  c. 
Congo,  country  of  Africa,  V.  240.  Natives, 

241,  1  be  (ill.).  Classes  of  society,  241,  2  a. 
Congo,  river,  V.  241.  See  Lualaba  (Index). 
Congo  Snake,  V.  242  (ill.). 

Congregatio  de  Propaganda  Fide :  see  Propa¬ 
ganda. 

Congregation,  as  distinguished  from  church,  V. 

242,  2  c. 

Congregation,  of  the  Holy  Office,  IX.  296,  1  a 
and  b.  Of  the  Index,  IX.  199,  2  c.  Of  the 
Most  Holy  Redeemer:  see  Redemptorists, 
and  XI.  731,  1  c.  Of  procurators  (Jesuit), 
IX.  627,  2  c.  Of  St.  Maur  (Benedictine),  II. 
520,  1  a;  XI.  731,  1  b.  Of  St.  Paul  the 
Apostle  (Paulists),  VIII.  602,  1  be. 
Congregation,  general,  of  the  Jesuits,  IX.  627, 
2  c  ;  provincial,  ib. 

Congregation,  lords  of  the ,  in  the  Scottish 
church,  XIII.  810,  1  be. 

Congregationalism,  form  of  church  polity, 
V.  242.  Viewed  in  the  common  and  strict¬ 
ly  denominational  sense,  2  ab.  Church  or- 


CONGRESS 


CONSERVATORES 


223 


ganization,  2  b.  Internal  structure  of  a 
Congregational  church,  243,  1  b.  Church 
service,  2  be.  Qualifications  for  the  minis¬ 
try,  244,  1  a.  Government  and  mutual  fel¬ 
lowship  of  churches,  1  b.  Doctrines,  2  c. 
History,  245,  1  c.  Character  of  the  minis¬ 
try,  246,  1  ab.  Liberality  of  Congregation- 
alists,  1  be.  Publications  and  societies,  1  c. 
Writers  and  authorities,  2  c. 

Congress,  V.  247.  Of  the  United  States,  1  b  ; 
XVI.  140,  2  c.  First  proposal  for  a  gen¬ 
eral  congress,  VIII.  663,  2  c.  Stamp  act 
congress,  XII.  731,  1  c.  “  Old  continental,” 
XVI.  155,  2  ab  ;  XI.  741,  2  c;  first  session 
of,  X.  291,  1  c;  second  session,  292,  1  c. 
Chaplain  of  proposed  and  chosen,  I.  109, 1  b. 
Congress  of  the  Spanish  republics  and  of  the 
Spanish  cortes,  V.  247,  1  b. 

Congress  of  Aix-la- Chap elle,  of  1668,  I.  224, 

1  c ;  of  1818,  2  a. 

Congressional  speeches ,  first  reported  in  short¬ 
hand,  VII.  563,  2  b. 

Congreve,  William,  English  dramatist,  V.  247. 
Congreve,  Sir  William,  engineer,  V.  247. 

Coni,  province  of  Italy,  V.  247.  City,  248, 1  a. 
Conia ,  alkaloid,  V.  249,  2  a. 

Con'ic  Sections,  V.  248;  VII.  701,  1  b. 
Conim'brica ,  ancient  city,  V.  23,  2  c  (Coimbra). 
Co'nington,  John,  English  author,  V.  248. 
Conini  [ko-ne'-ne],  fern,  VII.  110,  1  c. 
Coniomyce' tes  (fungi),  VII.  532,  2  a. 

Conitjm,  genus  of  plants,  V.  249.  C.  macula- 
tum,  1  a  (ill.).  Medicinal  use  of,  1  c. 
Conjugata,  in  engraved  gems,  VII.  663,  2  c. 
Conjugation ,  in  plants,  XIII.  574,  1  b. 
Conjunc'tiva ,  membrane  of  the  eye,  VII.  46, 2  c. 
Conjunctivitis ,  disease  of  the  eye,  XII.  646,  1  b. 
Connaught,  province  of  Ireland,  V.  249. 
Conneau ,  Dr.  [kuh-no] :  see  Bonaparte,  III. 
49,  1  b  and  c. 

Con'neaut,  village  of  Ohio,  V.  249. 
Connecticut  [kon-net'-e-kut],  state,  V.  249. 
State  seal,  250.  Population,  1  c.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  251,  1  a.  Geology  and  minerals, 

2  c.  Climate,  252,  2  b.  Soil  and  produc¬ 
tions,  2  c.  Manufactures,  253,  2  a.  Com¬ 
merce,  254,  1  b.  Railroads,  2  b.  Banks, 
&c.,  255,  1  b.  Constitution  and  government, 
255,  2  b.  Finances,  256,  2  c.  Public  institu¬ 
tions,  257,  1  be.  Education,  258,  2  b.  Li¬ 
braries,  newspapers,  &c.,  260, 1  b.  Churches, 
1  c.  History,  2  a. 

Connecticut  blue  laws :  see  Blue  Laws  (Index). 
Connecticut  River,  V.  261. 


Connecticut  Susquehanna  company :  see  Wyo¬ 
ming  Valley. 

Connemara  [kon-ne-ma'-ra],  district  of  Ireland, 
V.  262. 

Conner  :  see  Perch,  XIII.  284,  1  b  (ill.). 

Conner,  David,  American  naval  officer,  V.  262. 

Connersville ,  county  seat,  VII.  102,  1  b. 

Connochetes  [kon-no-ke'-teez],  (zoology),  VIII. 

55,  1  be. 

Conoceph' alus  en'siger  (entomology),  VIII.  170, 
2  ab. 

Conohasset ,  river  and  town,  V.  20,  1  c. 

Con'olly ,  Capt .,  English  officer  murdered  in 
Bokhara,  II.  799,  2  c;  XVI.  698,  1  b. 

Conolly,  John,  English  physician,  V.  262. 

Conon,  Athenian  general  and  admiral,  V.  262. 

Conop'idce  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  b. 

Conquest ,  marquis  of  the ,  title  of  descendants 
of  Pizarro,  XIII.  566,  1  ab. 

Conrad,  four  kings  of  Germany,  V.  263. 

Conrad ,  lord  of  Tyre,  II.  25,  2  c. 

Conrad,  Karl  Immanuel,  German  painter,  V. 
264. 

Conrad,  Robert  T.,  American  jurist  and  au¬ 
thor,  V.  264. 

Con'radin,  duke  of  Swabia,  last  of  the  Ilohen- 
staufen,  V.  264;  IV.  299,  1  c,  2  a;  VIII. 
297,  1  a. 

Conring,  Hermann,  German  philosopher  and 
author,  V.  264.  Elisa  Sophie,  baroness  von 
Reichenbach,  poetess,  265,  1  a. 

Consacrifica're  (Lat.,  to  sacrifice  together), 
XI.  244,  1  c  (Mass). 

Consalvi,  Ercole,  Roman  cardinal,  V.  265. 
His  just  and  humane  administration  as  head 
of  the  government,  1  c. 

Consanguinity ,  modes  of  estimating  the  degree 
of,  VI.  39,  1  ab. 

Conscience,  Hendrik  [kong-se-anss],  Flemish 
novelist,  V.  265. 

Conseil  des  etats  [kon?-say’  da  za-ta],  in  Switz¬ 
erland,  XV.  528,  1  a. 

Consensus  party ,  in  the  United  Evangelical 
church,  XVI.  117,  1  b. 

Consensus  Sandomiriensis,  II.  787,  1  ab. 

Consentia ,  ancient  town,  V.  390,  2  ab. 

Conservation  of  force:  see  Correlation  op 
Forces. 

Conservation  and  perpetual  creation ,  VI.  37r 
2  c  (Descartes). 

Conservative,  in  English  politics,  XVI.  595, 
2  c. 

Conservato' res  pa'cis,  old  English  law  officers, 

IX.  725,  2  b. 


224 


CONSERVATORY 


CONSTANTIUS  I. 


Conservatory :  see  Greenhouse,  YIII.  231, 1  b. 
First  furnished  with  glass  roofs,  IX.  5,  2  c. 

Considerant,  Yictor  [kong-se-da-rang],  French 
socialist,  Y.  266. 

Consideration:  see  Contract,  Y.  290,  1  b. 

Consignati ,  consignatio,  consignatorium :  see 
Confirmation,  Y.  233,  2  c. 

Consistences :  see  Penance,  XIII.  245,  1  a. 

Consistorial  advocates ,  V.  266,  2  a. 

Consistory,  Y.  266.  In  the  Roman  Catholic 
church,  1  c.  In  English  law,  2  a.  In  some 
of  the  reformed  churches,  ib.  In  the  Re¬ 
formed  (Dutch)  church  in  America,  XIY. 
257,  2  c. 

Consociation ,  in  Congregationalism,  Y.  244, 
1  c,  2  a. 

Consolamentum ,  Catharist  rite,  IY.  116,  2  a. 

Consolato  del  mar  [kon-so-la'-to],  maritime  law, 
II.  304,  2  a;  X.  219,  2  a. 

Consolidated  annuities :  see  Consols. 

Consols,  British  consolidated  debt,  Y.  266. 

Consonance  and  dissonance ,  Helmholtz’s  theory 
of,  XII.  85,  1  b. 

Consonantal  alphabet ,  I.  348,  2  ab. 

Conspiracy,  in  criminal  law,  V.  266. 

Conspiracy  to  murder  bill,  Palmerston's,  XIII. 
26,  1  a. 

Constable,  civil  officer,  Y.  266.  Origin  of, 
425,  2  c. 

Constable,  Archibald,  Scottish  publisher,  Y. 
267. 

Constable,  John,  English  painter,  Y.  267. 

Constance,  city  of  Baden,  Y.  267  (view). 
Minster,  2  b.  Lake  of,  2  c  ;  upper  and  low¬ 
er,  268,  1  a.  Conference  for  regulating  its 
navigation  (1855),  alluded  to,  III.  244,  1  b. 

Constance,  Council  of,  V.  268.  See  IIuss, 
IX.  91,  1  be;  Gerson,  YII.  777,  1  b;  Mar¬ 
tin  Y.,  XI.  208,  2  b ;  Monaciiism,  730,  2  ab. 

Constance  Faulcon :  see  Constantin  Faulcon. 

Constans ,  son  of  the  usurper  Constantine,  XVI. 
563,  2  ab ;  564,  1  b. 

Constans  II.,  emperor  of  the  East,  III.  514,  2  c. 

Constans,  Flavius  Julius,  emperor  of  Rome, 
Y.  268. 

Constant  de  Rebecque,  Henri  Benjamin  [kong- 
stang  duh  ruh-bek],  French  orator  and  author, 
Y.  269. 

Constantin,  ancient  towns,  Y.  267,  2  a  (Con¬ 
stance)  ;  YII.  654,  2  a  (Gaza);  X.  65,  1  b 
(Kustendji). 

Constantia  Castra:  see  Coutances. 

Constantin,  Abraham  [kong-stang-tang],  Swiss 
paiuter,  Y.  269. 


Con'stantin  Faulcon,  Greek  adventurer,  Y. 
269. 

Constantine  [Fr.  kong-stang-teen],  province  of 
Algeria,  Y.  270.  Capital  city,  1  c  (view). 

Con'stantine,  name  of  about  thirteen  emper¬ 
ors,  Y.  270. 

Constantine  I.  (the  Great),  Caius  Flavins 
Aurelius  Claudius,  emperor  of  Rome,  Y.  270. 
Ilis  political  crimes,  271,  1  c.  His  recogni¬ 
tion  of  Christianity,  2  a.  Coin  of  (ill.),  2  b. 
Military  standard  of,  X.  68,  1  be  (ill.).  Sup¬ 
posed  to  have  constructed  the  walls  of  Lon¬ 
don,  618,  2  c.  Transfer  of  the  capital  from 
Rome  to  Byzantium,  XIY.  408,  1  c.  His 
division  of  the  empire,  2  a.  See  Civil  Law, 
IV.  622,  1  c. 

Constantine ,  arch  of,  XIY.  412,  2  c  (ill.).  Char¬ 
acter  of  its  sculptures,  720,  2  c. 

Constantine  II.,  emperor  of  Rome,  Y.  271. 

Constantine  IV.  (Pogonatus),  emperor  of  the 
East,  Y.  272;  III.  515,  1  a. 

Constantine  Y.  (Copronymus),  emperor  of  the 
East,  Y.  272;  III.  515,  1  be. 

Constantine  VI.,  emperor  of  the  East,  Y.  272. 

Constantine  YII.  (Porphyrogenitus),  emperor 
of  the  East,  Y.  272.  New  edition  of  the 
Basilica  undertaken  by  him,  IV.  625,  1  ab. 

Constantine  XIII.  (Palasologus),  last  emperor 
of  the  East,  Y.  273. 

Constantine ,  Roman  usurper,  XYI.  563,  2  ab ; 
564,  1  b,  be. 

Constantine  ( Sylvanus ),  founder  of  the  Pauli- 
cians,  XIII.  177,  2  b. 

Constantine  Nikolayevitch,  grand  duke  of 
Russia,  Y.  273. 

Constantine  Pavlovitch,  grand  duke  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  V.  273. 

Constantinople,  capital  of  Turkey,  Y.  274 
(view).  Streets,  &c.,  1  c.  Bazaars,  275,  1  a 
(ill.).  Seraglio,  1  c  (ill.).  St.  Sophia  (mosque 
of  Agia  Sofia),  276,  1  a  (ill.,  275).  Ruins  of 
the  aqueduct  of  Valens  (ill.),  1  be.  Cisterna 
basilica,  2  b  (ill.).  Schools,  ib.  Suburbs,  2  c. 
History,  277,  2  b.  Made  the  capital  of  the 
Roman  empire,  271,  2  b.  Conflagrations  in, 
235,  2  a ;  274,  2  c.  Burning  of  the  public 
library,  II.  364,  1  c;  of  the  library  of  St.  So¬ 
phia,  X.  350,  2  a.  Sieges  by  the  Saracens,  X. 
350, 1  b ;  Bulgarians,  2  be  ;  crusaders,  Y.  530, 
1  b;  Turks,  II.  227,  2  a,  and  XI.  695,  2  b. 

Constantinople,  Councils  of,  Y.  277. 

Constantinople  nuts ,  YIII.  555,  1  b. 

Constantius  I.  (Chlorus),  Roman  emperor,  Y. 
278.  Constantius  II.,  2  c  ;  enforces  religious 


CONSTANT 


CONVENTION 


225 


creeds  and  uniformity  of  faith,  279,  1  b. 
Constantins,  Roman  general,  279,  1  c. 
Constant  Kolia des,  nom  de  plume,  X.  283,  2  b. 
Constellations,  V.  279. 

Constituent  Assembly  :  see  Constitutional 
Convention. 

Constitution ,  written,  the  first  in  history,  V. 

2G0,  2  b.  See  VIII.  547,  2  c. 

Constitution ,  frigate,  IX.  39,  2  be.  Cruises  of, 
XV.  383,  1  b.  See  Pkeble,  Edward. 
Constitution  ( Constitutum )  of  Pope  Vigilius , 
V.  278,  1  be. 

Constitution  of  the  third  of  September ,  VII. 

386,  2  b ;  of  the  year  three,  389,  2  c. 
Constitutional  Convention,  V.  279.  Of  the 
United  States,  2  c.  Corresponding  bodies 
in  France :  assemble  constituante,  280,  1  c ; 
nationale,  ib. ;  legislative,  2  c. 

Constitutional  liberty ,  progress  of  in  England : 

see  Ekskine,  VI.  720,  1  a,  ff. 

Constitutio'nes  ApostoV  icce ,  III.  717,  2  c. 
Constitutions ,  American ,  John  Adams’s  defence 
of,  I.  90,  1  a. 

Constitutions  of  Clarendon ,  V.  149,  2  a;  IV. 

635,  1  be;  II.  441,  1  b;  VIII.  642,  2  c. 
Constitution-  Union  party ,  in  the  United  States, 
X.  491,  2  b. 

Constrictor  isthmi  faucium  (anatomy),  XII. 
817,  2  be. 

Constrictors  (anatomy),  superior,  middle,  and 
inferior,  XIII.  382,  2  c. 

Consubstantiation ,  in  the  Lutheran  church,  X. 
732,  1  c. 

Consul,  V.  281.  Executive  officer  of  ancient 
Rome,  1  ab ;  of  the  French  republic,  1  c. 
Commercial  agent,  2  ab.  Authority  of,  X. 
225,  1  b ;  privileges  of,  226,  1  ab. 

Consulates  fasti ,  VII.  93,  2  c. 

Consultum ,  body  of  Catholic  theologians,  IX. 
199,  2  c. 

Consumo,  Portuguese  wine,  XIII.  745,  1  b. 
Consumption,  disease,  V.  282.  Acute,  2  ab; 
chronic,  2  c.  Process  of  development,  283, 
1  c.  Galloping  consumption,  284,  1  ab. 
Diagnosis,  1  b.  Causes,  1  c.  Possibility  of 
recovery,  285,  1  b.  Remedies,  1  c. 

Contact  theory ,  in  galvanism,  VII.  593,  2  c. 
Contagion,  V.  286. 

Contaeini  [kon-ta-re'-ne],  Venetian  family,  V. 
286.  Andrea,  doge,  2  a.  Ambrogio,  am¬ 
bassador,  2  ab.  Giovanni,  painter,  2  b. 
Contempt,  in  law,  V.  286.  In  legislative  bod¬ 
ies,  287,  1  c. 

Conti,  Princes  de  [kong-te],  French  family,  V. 
15 


287.  Frangois  de  Bourbon,  1  c.  Louise 
Marguerite  de  Lorraine,  princess  de,  2  a. 
Armand  de  Bourbon,  2  b.  Louis  Armand 
de  Bourbon,  2  be.  Frangois  Louis  de  Bour¬ 
bon,  2  c.  Louis  Frangois  de  Bourbon,  288, 
1  a.  Louis  Frangois  Joseph  de  Bourbon,  ib. 
House  of  Conti  referred  to,  III.  157,  1  b. 
Conti ,  Giovanni  [kon'-te],  (Pope  John  XI.), 
IX.  647,  1  b. 

Conti ,  Giovanni  Lotario  (Pope  Innocent  III.), 
IX.  288,  1  a. 

Conti,  Ottaviano  (Pope  John  XII.),  IX.  647, 1  b. 
Continental  congress ,  proposed  in  Boston,  I. 

109,  l.a.  See  Congress  (Index). 
Continental  System,  Napoleon’s,  V.  288. 
Continuances ,  in  courts  of  law,  XIV.  231,  2  be. 
Continuous  gum ,  in  dentistry,  VI.  24,  1  be. 
Conto'pus  vi'rens  (ornithology),  XIII.  376,  2  a 

(ill.). . 

Contourne  [kon-toor'-na],  in  heraldry,  VIII. 
673,  1  b. 

Contraband,  V.  288.  Contraband  of  war, 
1  a;  X.  228,  2  b.  See  Neutrality,  XII. 
261,  1  a. 

Contrabands ,  slaves  so  called,  III.  490,  1  a. 
Contra  Costa,  county,  V.  289. 

Contra  Costa  hills ,  California,  III.  600,  1  b. 
Contract,  in  law,  V.  289.  Essential  rules^, 
290,  1  b;  competency  of  the  parties,  1  c; 
consideration,  2  b ;  lawfulness,  291,  1  a ; 
lex  loci  and  fori ,  1  b.  Remedies,  1  c.  See 
Frauds,  Statute  of,  and  Usury. — Contract 
of  hiring,  X.  557,  1  c.  Contract  made  on 
Sunday,  636,  2  b,  ff.  Contract  of  marriage, 
XT.  189,  1  a,  ff. 

Contractility :  see  Physiology,  XIII.  485,  2  a. 
Contra- Remonstrants,  Calvinist  party  in  Hol¬ 
land,  I.  728,  1  c ;  XII.  248,  1  b-c ;  XIV. 
255,  1  a. 

Contra YERVA[kon-tra-ySr'-va],  medicinal  root, 
V.  291. 

Contreras  [kone-tra'-rass],  village  of  Mexico, 
V.  291.  Battle  of:  see  Churubusco. 
Conu’rus  (ornithology),  X.  770,  2  c.  C.  Caro- 
linensis,  XIII.  125,  2  c  (ill.,  126). 

Conus  :  see  Cone  Shells. 

Convalla' ria  maja'lis  (botany),  X.  473,  2  a  (ill.). 
Convent  :  see  Monastery,  XI.  734,  1  c. 
Convent  of  corlc,  near  Cintra,  IV.  602,  1  a. 
Conventicle,  V.  291. 

Convention,  in  diplomacy,  V.  291 .  In  French 
history,  2  c ;  VII.  388,  1  a.  In  the  United 
States,  V.  292,  1  ab.  In  the  polity  of  the 
Congregational  church,  244,  1  c. 


226 


CONVENTUALS 


COPAIFERA 


Conventuals ,  division  of  the  Franciscans,  VII. 

426,  1  a.  Dress  of,  427,  1  b. 

Conversano  [kon-vair-sa'-no],  town  of  Italy, 
V.  292. 

Converter ,  for  Bessemer  steel,  XV.  359,  2  ab, 
fi*.  (ills.,  359,  360). 

Conveyance,  in  law,  V.  292 ;  XIV.  559,  1  c. 
Convicts,  transportation  of,  XIV,  7,  2b;  13, 
2  ab. 

Convocation,  in  the  English  church,  V.  292. 
Convol'vultts,  genus  of  plants,  V.  293.  C. 
Japonicus,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  scammonia,  1  c; 
XIV.  662,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  Mauritanicus,  V. 
293,  1  c.  C.  batatas,  ib. ;  XIII.  767,  2  a. 
Conway,  county  of  Arkansas,  V.  293. 
Conway,  town  of  New  Hampshire,  V.  293. 
Conway,  town  of  Wales,  V.  293.  Castle  and 
bridge,  2  c  (ill.). 

Conway,  Moncure  Daniel,  American  author, 
V.  294. 

Conway,  Thomas,  American  revolutionary 
soldier,  V.  294.  Conway’s  cabal,  2  a;  al¬ 
luded  to,  I.  287,  2  b;  VII.  645,  1  a. 
Conwayborough,  county  seat,  VIII.  824,  2  b. 
Conwy  :  see  Conway,  Wales. 

Cony  :  see  Rabbit. 

Conybeare,  John  [ko'-ne-beer],  English  prel¬ 
ate,  V.  294.  John  Josias,  divine  and  anti¬ 
quary,  2  be.  William  Daniel,  divine  and 
geologist,  2  c.  William  John,  clergyman 
and  author,  295,  1  ab.  Henry,  civil  en¬ 
gineer,  1  b. 

Con'yers,  county  seat,  XIV.  367,  1  c. 

Cook,  two  counties,  V.  295. 

Cook,  Charles,  English  clergyman,  V.  295. 
Cook,  Eliza,  English  authoress,  V.  295. 

Cook,  James,  English  navigator,  V.  296;  I. 
242,  2  be  (Alaska). 

Cooke,  George  Frederick,  actor,  V.  297. 
Cooke,  George  Wingrove,  lawyer,  V.  297. 
Cooke,  John  Rodgers,  American  jurist,  V.  297. 
Philip  Pendleton,  poet,  2  a.  John  Esten, 
author,  2  c. 

Cookery,  V.  298.  Egyptian,  1  b;  Greek,  1  c; 
Roman,  2  b,  c;  modern  European,  299,  2  b; 
French,  300,  1  b.  Processes  in  cookery,  2  b. 
National  dishes,  2  c.  Cook  books,  ib. 
Cookery  book,  the  earliest,  I.  584,  1  b. 

Cooking ,  effect  of,  I.  317,  1  b ;  V.  300,  2  b. 
Cookman,  George  G.,  American  clergyman, 
V.  301. 

Cook’s  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  V.  301. 

Cook’s  Strait,  New  Zealand,  V.  301. 
Cookstown,  town  of  Ireland,  V.  301. 


Cooler ,  in  sugar  making,  XV.  446,  1  b,  2  ab. 

Cooley,  Thomas  McIntyre,  American  jurist, 
V.  301. 

Cooling,  Newton’s  law  of,  VIII.  570,  2  b. 

Cool  tankards,  drink,  III.  88,  2  a. 

Cooly,  eastern  laborer,  V.  301.  Origin  and 
meaning  of  the  name,  2  c ;  IX.  215,  1  c. 
Traffic  in  coolies,  and  laws  for  their  protec¬ 
tion,  V.  302,  1  a,  ff.  Importation  from  In¬ 
dia,  1  a ;  from  China,  303,  1  c.  American 
law  against  the  traffic,  304,  1  c.  Coolies  in 
Cuba,  2  ab ;  in  Peru,  305,  1  ab.  Statistics 
of  the  cooly  traffic,  2  c.  See  Cuba,  V.  547, 
1  be ;  Peru,  XIII.  339,  1  c,  ff. ;  Macao,  X. 
766, 1  be.  Employment  of  South  sea  island¬ 
ers  on  plantations,  V.  306,  1  be. 

Coomassie  :  see  Koomassie. 

Coon:  see  Raccoon,  XIV.  161,  2  b.  Coon 
hunting,  ib. 

Cooper,  county,  V.  306. 

Cooper,  county  seat,  V.  786,  2  c. 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley  :  see  Shaftesbury. 

Cooper,  Sir  Astley,  English  surgeon,  V.  306. 

Cooper,  James  Fenimore,  American  novelist, 
V.  307 ;  XVI.  195,  2  c.  Susan  Fenimore, 
writer,  V.  309,  1  b. 

Cooper,  Peter,  American  philanthropist,  V„ 
309.  Cooper  Institute,  2  c. 

Cooper,  Samuel,  American  clergyman,  V.  310. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  American  scholar  and  politi¬ 
cian,  V.  310. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  English  chartist,  V.  310. 

Cooper,  Thomas  Sidney,  English  painter,  V.  3 1 0. 

Cooperation,  XV.  139,  2  a;  142,  2  a. 

Cooper ationists ,  a  class  of  Alabama  secession¬ 
ists,  I.  233,  1  a. 

Cooperative  Associations  :  see  Socialism, 
XV.  142,  2  a. 

Cooper  River,  South  Carolina,  V.  311. 

Cooperstown,  village  of  New  York,  V.  311. 

Coordinates,  in  analytical  geometry,  Descartes’s 
method,  I.  456,  1  a.  Coordinate  planes,  1  b. 

Coorg,  district  of  Ilindostan,  V.  311.  Inhabi¬ 
tants,  IX.  215,  2  c. 

Coornhert  [korn'-hert] :  see  Cornhert. 

Coos  [ko-os'J,  two  counties,  V.  311. 

Coosa,  county,  V.  311. 

Coosa,  river,  V.  311. 

Coot,  bird,  V.  312  (ill.)  ;  VI.  291, 1  a.  Butter- 
bill  coot,  1  c. 

Cop,  fish  :  see  CnuB. 

Copaiba  [ko-pe'-ba] :  see  Balsams,  II.  250, 1  a. 

Copaifera  officina'lis  [ko-pa-if'-e-ra],  (botany), 
II.  250,  1  a  (ill.) ;  III.  223,  2  a. 


COP  ATS 


COPYRIGHT 


227 


Copa'is,  lake  of  Bceotia,  Y.  312 ;  II.  774,  2  a 
and  b. 

Co'pal,  Y.  312  (ill.).  Yarnisli  from,  313,  1  c. 

Copan',  town  and  ruined  city  of  Honduras, 
Y.  313  (ill.).  Remains  of,  I.  398,  2  a  (ill.). 

Copar' cenary ,  species  of  estate,  YI.  739,  1  a. 

Coparceners ,  in  law,  XIII.  137,  1  b. 

Coparceny ,  in  English  common  law,  YI.  39, 1  c. 

Copartnership  :  see  Partnership. 

Cope,  Charles  West,  English  painter,  Y.  313. 

Cope,  Edward  Drinker,  American  naturalist, 
Y.  314.  Yiews  on  evolution,  YII.  12,  1  a. 

Cope,  Sir  John ,  English  general,  IY.  312,  1  b. 

Cope  of  a  moulding  flash,  IV.  76,  1  a  (ill.). 

Copenhagen,  capital  of  Denmark,  Y.  314. 
Exchange  (ill.),  2  c.  Thorwaldsen’s  mu¬ 
seum,  315,  1  c  (ill.,  314).  History,  316,  1  a. 
Bombardment  by  the  English,  1  b.  Confla¬ 
grations  in,  236,  1  c. 

Copenhagen  Fields,  London,  X.  613,  1  c. 

Copernicia  cerifera  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  a. 

Coper'nicus,  Nikolaus,  astronomer,  V.  316. 
His  explanation  of  the  planetary  motions, 
1  c  :•  see  Astronomy,  II.  44,  2  c.  Supposed 
indebtedness  to  Capella,  III.  749,  1  c. 

Copi'ah,  county,  Y.  316. 

Copiapo  [ko-pe-a-po'],  city  of  Chili,  Y.  316. 

Copland,  James,  English  physician,  Y.  317. 

Copleston,  Edward,  English  bishop  and 
writer,  Y.  317. 

Copley,  John  Singleton,  American  painter,  Y. 
317. 

Copper,  Y.  317.  Use  of  by  ancient  and  primi¬ 
tive  races,  2  b.  Its  qualities,  318,  1  c. 
Compounds  with  oxygen,  2  b.  Uses  of  its 
salts  in  the  arts,  2  c.  Sources  of  copper, 
319,  lb:  see  Copper  Mines.  Its  uses,  2  c. 
Alloys,  320,  1  a.  Medicinal  use  of  sulphate 
of  copper,  1  b. — Occurrence  of  copper  in 
quartz  veins,  VIII.  77,  1  c,  XI.  579,  1  a; 
in  fissure  veins,  XI.  580,  1  b.  Alloys  of 
copper  with  gold,  YI.  24,  2  a,  ff.,  VIII.  73, 
1  b ;  with  silver,  XY.  47,  2  c,  48,  1  a,  c,  2  a ; 
with  zinc,  III.  213,  1  ab;  with  zinc  and  tin, 
ib.,  XYI.  817,  1  b.  Use  of  copper  in  the 
extraction  of  gold,  VIII.  85,  2  b ;  of  silver, 
XY.  50,  2  c,  51,  1  b,  52,  1  c,  2  c,  53,  lb; 
in  assaying,  II.  29,  1  a;  for  money:  see 
Coins,  and  Money  ;  for  sheathing  of  ships, 
XIY.  860,  2  a.  Plating  of  with  tin,  XY. 
764,  1  b. 

Copper,  argentiferous  gray,  Y.  319,  2  b;  XY. 
50,  1  c. 

Copper ,  sulphate  of,  Y.  318,  2  c;  XY.  454,  1  a. 


Use  of  in  medicine,  Y.  320, 1  b ;  in  coloring 
pickles,  XIII.  499,  1  c. 

Copperas,  V.  320 ;  IX.  366,  1  b  ;  XY.  454,  1  be. 
Copper  glance,  Y.  319,  2  a. 

Copperhead,  snake,  V.  320  (ill.). 

Coppering,  in  faro,  YII.  89,  2  b. 

Coppermine  River,  British  America,  Y.  321. 
Copper  Mines,  Y.  321.  In  Sweden  and  Nor¬ 
way,  2  a ;  Germany,  2  b ;  Italy,  322,  1  a ; 
Spain,  2  a;  England,  2  ab ;  United  States, 
323,  1  c,  IX.  428,  2  c;  Canada  and  New¬ 
foundland,  Y.  324,  2  a ;  Cuba,  2  b ;  South 
America,  ib . ;  Australia,  2  c ;  Asia  and  Afri¬ 
ca,  325,  1  b.  Total  production,  1  c. 
Copperplate:  see  Engraving,  YI.  649,  1  b; 
651,  1  be.  Copperplate  printing  of  calico, 
III.  595,  2  c. 

Copper  powder,  for  bronzing,  III.  315,  2  b. 
Coppers,  class  of  butterflies,  III.  500,  1  c. 
Copper  silver  glance,  XY.  50,  1  ab. 

Copper  Smelting,  Y.  325.  Treatment  of  ores, 
2  a ;  Napier’s  method,  2  c ;  Longmaid’s, 
326,  1  c;  Monnier’s,  2  ab;  Hunt  and  Doug¬ 
las’s,  2  b.  Smelting  works,  327,  1  a. 

Coppet  [kup-pa],  Swiss  village,  Y.  327. 

Coppra ,  dried  meat  of  cocoanut,  XIY.  592, 1  a. 
Copp's  hill,  in  Boston,  III.  116,  1  b. 

Copri'ni  (fungi),  rapid  growth  of,  YII.  530, 1  a. 
Cop'rolites,  fossil  excrements,  Y.  327 ;  X. 
479,  1  a. 

Copron'ymus ,  surname  of  Constantine  V.,  Y. 
272,  1  c. 

Coproph’  agi  (entomology),  XIY.  663,  2  be. 
Coptic  Christians,  XI.  648,  1  be. 

Coptic  Language,  Y.  327. 

Coptic  liturgies:  see  Copts,  Y.  333,  1  b. 
Coptic  manuscripts,  key  to  the  written  char¬ 
acters  discovered,  I.  226,  1  c. 

Coptic  version  of  the  Scriptures:  see  Mem- 
phitic  (Index). 

Coptis,  goldthread,  Y.  330.  C.  trifolia,  1  b. 
Copts,  Y.  330  (ill.).  Religion,  2  a.  Convents, 
331,.  1  c.  Baptism,  2  b.  Circumcision,  ib. 
Churches,  2  c ;  subterranean,  332,  1  a.  Com¬ 
munion,  1  c.  Fasts,  ib.  Festivals,  2  a. 
Copts  in  Jerusalem,  2  b.  Creed,  ib.  Ver¬ 
sions  of  the  Scriptures,  333,  1  a..  Liturgies, 

1  be.  Marriage  ceremonies,  2  b.  Number, 

2  c.  History,  334,  1  a. 

Copyhold:  see  Estate,  YI.  738,  1  ab. 
Copyright,  Y.  335.  In  the  United  States,  1  c, 

337, 1  c.  Rights  of  a  foreign  author  in  Great 
Britain,  335,  2  c;  in  the  United  States,  336, 
1  c.  International  copyright  in  Great  Brit- 


228 


COQE 


COBIXXA 


ain,  2  b ;  in  the  United  States,  2  be.  Copy¬ 
right  on  the  European  continent,  2  c.  Copy¬ 
right  laws  in  England,  337,  1  a. 

Coqe,  bird,  YII.  110,  2  b. 

Coquerel,  Athanase  Laurent  Charles  [kuh- 
kr&l],  French  clergyman,  Y.  337.  Charles 
Augustin,  author,  338, 1  b.  Athanase  Josu6, 
preacher,  1  c. 

Coquilla  Nuts,  Y.  338  (ill.) ;  XIII.  21,  2  c. 

Coqitimbo  [ko-keem'-bo],  province  of  Chili,  Y. 
338.  Capital  city,  339,  1  a. 

Coquina  rock  [ko-ke'-na],  XIY.  525,  1  b. 

Cora'cia  grac'ula  (ornithology),  IY.  521  (ill.). 

Cor'al,  Y.  339.  Coral  animals,  1  c.  Star 
coral  (astrsea),  2  be  (ill.),  340,  2  c.  Fungia 
echinata,  1  a  (ill.).  Branching  coral,  1  b 
(ill.).  Brain  coral  (meandrina),  2  c  (ill.). 
Yarious  forms,  ib.  Coral  reefs,  by  what 
species  produced,  341, 1  c.  Darwin’s  theory 
of  their  formation,  2  ab.  Prof.  Dana’s 
“  Coral  and  Coral  Islands,”  1  c,  2  b.  Coral 
of  jewelry  (precious  coral),  342,  1  c. 

“ Coral ,”  eggs  of  the  lobster,  X.  562,  1  b. 

Coralberry,  XY.  136,  2  a. 

Corallet :  see  Coral,  Y.  339,  2  b. 

Coralline  crag ,  in  geology,  XIII.  613,  2  c. 

Corallines ,  sea  weeds,  II.  79, 1  a. 

Coral'lum :  see  Coral,  Y.  339,  2  ab.  Coral- 
lum  rubrum,  342,  1  c. 

Coral  snake ,  XII.  423,  2  b. 

Co'ram,  Thomas,  English  philanthropist,  Y. 

342. 

Corario ,  Angelo  [ko-ra'-re-o],  (Pope  Gregory 
XII.),  YIII.  245,  1  a. 

Corasmians,  ancient  tribe,  IX.  818,  2  b. 

Corato  [ko-ra'-to],  town  of  Italy,  Y.  342. 

Corax'ici  Mon'tes ,  in  Circassia,  IY.  603,  1  be. 

Coray',  Adamantios,  Greek  author,  Y.  342. 

Cor'ban,  Hebrew  word,  Y.  342. 

Corbaux,  Fanny  [kor-bo'],  English  artist  and 
Biblical  scholar,  Y.  343. 

Corbeil  [kor-bay’J,  town  of  France,  Y.  343. 

Corbeils  [kor'-bels],  baskets  of  earth  for 
breastworks,  II.  365,  1  c. 

Corbet,  Bichard,  English  poet  and  divine,  Y. 

343. 

Corbould,  Henry  [kor'-bold],  English  artist, 
V.  343.  Edward  Henry,  painter,  2  a. 

Corchorus  [kor'-ko-rus],  (botany),  IX.  729, 1  b. 
C.  capsularis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Corcoran ,  Michael ,  Irish  -  American  soldier 
(1827-  63,  brig,  gen.),  YII.  124,  2  c;  125, 1  be. 

Corcy'ra  :  see  Corfu. 

Cordage :  see  Bore,  XIY.  423,  1  c. 


Cordara,  Giulio  Cesare  [kor-da'-ra],  Italian 
Jesuit,  Y.  343. 

Corday  d’Armans,  Mariane  Charlotte  de  [kor- 
da  dar-mang],  French  heroine,  Y.  343. 

Cordeliers  [kor-de-leers' ;  Fr.  kor-duh-lya], 
Franciscan  friars,  Y.  344.  French  revolu¬ 
tionary  club,  2  a. 

Cordier ,  Jules  [kor-de-a],  pseudonyme,  XYI. 
279,  2  b. 

Cordil'lera  [Sp.  kor-de-lya'-ra],  mountain 
chain,  V.  344.  On  the  isthmus  of  Panama, 
2  c.  Geological  structure,  345,  2  a;  347, 1  ab. 
In  Central  America,  345,  2  b;  minerals,  2  c. 
In  Mexico,  346,  1  a;  volcanoes,  1  c. 

Cordouan  [kor-dwang],  lighthouse  of,  X.  458,  2  b. 

Cor'doya,  province  of  Spain,  Y.  347.  Capital 
city,  2  a.  Prison  of  the  inquisition  (ill.), 
2  b.  Great  mosque,  2  c  (ill.,  348),  and  I. 
14,  2  b.  History,  Y.  348,  1  b. 

Cordova,  province  of  the  Argentine  Bepublic, 
Y.  348.  Capital,  2  ab. 

Cordova,  city  of  Mexico,  Y.  348. 

Cordova,  Fernando  Fernandez  de,  Spanish 
general,  V.  349. 

Cordova,  Francisco  Fernandez  de,  navigator, 
Y.  349. 

Cordova,  Gonsalvo  de :  see  Gonsalyo  de  Cor¬ 
dova. 

Cordovan ,  leather,  X.  271,  1  ab. 

Corduba ,  ancient  town,  Y.  348, 1  b  (Cordova). 

Cordyceps  Eobertsii ,  fungus,  YII.  528,  2  b. 
C.  Sinensis,  used  as  medicine,  531,  1  ab. 

Core'a,  kingdom  of  Asia,  Y.  349.  Coreans, 
2  c  (ill.).  Government,  350, 1  b.  History,  2  b. 

Coreg'onus  albus  (ichthyology),  XYI.  605,  1  b. 
C.  Willughbii,  or  albula,  287,  2  c. 

Corentyn  [ko-ren-tine'J,  river  of  South  Ameri¬ 
ca,  Y.  351. 

Co’ reus  (entomology),  YIII.  629,  2  a.  C.  tris- 
tis,  ib. ;  XY.  294,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Corjitz-Uhlfeld ,  count  [kor'-fits-ool'-feld],  Da¬ 
nish  conspirator,  IY.  528,  1  c. 

Corfu  [kor-foo'J,  nomarchy  of  Greece,  Y.  351. 
Island,  1  b.  Capital  city,  2  c  (view). 

Coriallum ,  ancient  town  :  see  Cherbourg. 

Corian'der,  plant,  Y.  352  (ill.).  Fruits  or 
seeds,  1  c. 

Corian'drum  sati’vum  (botany),  Y.  352,  1  ab. 

Corigliano  [ko-re-lya'-no],  town  of  Italy,  Y. 
352. 

Corin'ium,  Boman  station,  IY.  612,  1  a  (Ci¬ 
rencester). 

Corinna ,  Greek  poetess,  XIII.  521,  2  b. 

Corinna ,  species  of  gazelle,  YII.  655,  1  c. 


CORINTH 


CORNWALLIS 


229 


CorTnth,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  V.  352. 
Modern  Corinth,  353,  2  a  (view).  History, 
ib.  Destruction  of  by  Mummius,  354,  1  be; 
235,  1  b ;  XII.  38,  1  a. 

Corinth,  village  of  Mississippi,  V.  354.  Siege 
and  battle  of,  2  b. 

Corinth ,  a  former  name  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
XV.  544,  2  a. 

Corinth,  Gulf  of :  see  Lepanto. 

Corinthia:  see  Corinth,  Y.  352,  2  ab. 

Corinthian  brass ,  III.  213,  2  b. 

Corinthian  capital ,  I.  657,  2  c.  Suggestion  of, 
54,  2  a,  c  (Acanthus). 

Corinthian  order ,  in  architecture,  I.  657,  2  c 
(ill.,  656) ;  among  the  Romans,  659,  1  b. 

Corin'tiiians,  Epistles  to  the,V.  854.  Apocry¬ 
phal  epistle,  355,  1  c. 

Corinths:  see  Raisin,  XIY.  190,  1  a. 

Cori'num ,  Roman  camp,  IV.  612,  1  a. 

Coriola'nus,  Roman  senator,  Y.  355. 

Corisandre  [ko-re-zangdr’J,  fan,  YII.  79,  2  a. 

Co'rium ,  the  true  skin,  XY.  78,  2  c  ;  X.  273, 1  c. 

Cork,  bark,  Y.  356.  Cork  oak,  1  a  (ill.).  Cut¬ 
ting  the  bark,  1  b  (ill.).  Uses,  2  a. 

Cork,  county  of  Ireland,  Y.  356.  City  and 
port,  2  c.  St.  Patrick’s  bridge  (ill.),  357. 

Cork,  first  earl  of,  III.  173,  1  b.  Fifth  earl  of, 
174,  1  c. 

Corky  layer ,  of  plants,  XIII.  579,  2  c. 

Corleone  [kor-la-o'-na],  town  of  Sicily,  Y.  357. 

Corm,  solid  bulb,  in  botany,  XIII.  577,  2  c. 

Cormac's  chapel,  Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  c. 

Cormenin,  Louis  Marie  de  la  Haie,  viscount 
de  [korm-nang],  French  politician,  Y.  358. 

Cormontaigne,  Louis  de  [kor-m6Dg-tainy'], 
French  military  engineer,  Y.  358. 

Cormorant,  bird,  Y.  358.  Common,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
double-crested,  359,  1  be  (ill.)  ;  Florida,  2  a. 
A  name  of  the  darter,  692,  2  b. 

Cormorant  care,  in  Staffa,  XY.  301,  1  a. 

Corn,  tumor,  Y.  359.  Remedies,  2  c.  Of  the 
horse,  XYI.  335,  2  c. 

Corn,  Indian :  see  Maize. 

Cornaro  [kor-na'-ro],  Yenetian  family,  Y.  359. 
Caterina,  queen  of  Cyprus,  2  c.  Luigi,  ad¬ 
vocate  of  temperance,  360,  1  a. 

Cornbury,  Edward  Hyde,  lord,  governor  of 
New  York,  Y.  360. 

Corn  cockle,  plant,  X.  741,  2  c. 

Corn  crake,  bird,  Y.  455,  1  c  (ill.). 

Cor'nea,  membrane  of  the  eye,  Y.  360. 

Corneille,  Pierre  [kor-nail';  Fr.  kor-nay’], 
French  dramatist,  Y.  360.  Thomas,  drama¬ 
tist,  361,  2  c. 


Cornelia  [kor-ne'-lya],  Roman  matron,  Y.  361. 
Daughter  of  P.  C.  Scipio  and  wife  of  Pompey, 
362,  1  b. 

Cornelians ,  slaves  freed  by  Sulla,  XY.  93,  1  c. 

Cornelis,  Cornelius  [kor-na'-lis],  Dutch  artist, 
Y.  362. 

Cornelius,  of  Philadelphia,  solar  lamps  made 
by,  X.  129,  2  c. 

Cornelius,  Elias,  American  clergyman, Y.  362. 

Cornelius,  Peter  von  [kor-na'-le-oos],  German 
painter,  Y.  362. 

Cornelius  N epos:  see  Nepos. 

Cornell'  University,  Y.  363  (ill.,  364).  Build¬ 
ings,  2  be.  Organization,  364,  1  a.  Plan  of 
instruction,  2  c.  Collections  and  apparatus, 
365,  2  c.  Endowment,  366, 1  be.  History,  2  a. 

Corner,  in  stock  dealing,  XY.  388,  2  a. 

Cornet,  in  assaying,  II.  28,  1  b. 

Cornet-a-Pistons  [Fr.  kor-na-ta-pees-tong], 
wind  instrument,  Y.  367.  Cornet,  out  of 
use,  1  be. 

Corn  flag,  plant:  see  Gladiolus. 

Corn'hert,  Diederik,  Dutch  author,  Y.  367. 

Corniani,  Giovanni  Battista,  count  [kor-nya'- 
ne],  Italian  author,  Y.  367. 

Cornice  [kor'-nis],  in* architecture,  I.  657,  1  a; 
658,  1  a,  ab. 

Cor' nine,  a  principle  in  dogwood,  YI.  185,  1  a. 

Corning,  village  of  New  York,  Y.  367. 

Cornish  daw,  bird,  IV.  521,  1  be. 

Cornish  engine,  XV.  342,  2  a. 

Corn  Laws,  English,  Y.  367.  See  Cobden. 
Roman,  for  relief  of  the  poor,  XIII.  180, 1  c. 

Corn  mildew  (ill.),  YII.  532,  2  a. 

Corn  mint,  plant,  XI.  615,  2  c. 

Corn  moth:  see  Wheat  Moth. 

Corn  rose,  variety  of  poppy,  XIII.  714,  2  be. 

Corn  salad,  XYI.  245,  2  c. 

Corn  smut,  XI.  45,  1  c  (ill.). 

Corn  Snake,  Y.  368  (ill.). 

Corn  starch,  XI.  44,  2  b ;  XY.  319,  1  c. 

Cornu,  Sebastien  Melchior,  French  painter, 
Y.  368. 

Cornucopia,  Y.  369. 

Cornus  (botany),  VI.  184,  1  c.  C.  alternifolia, 
ib.  (ill.).  C.  florida,  ib.  (ill.). 

Cornwall,  county  of  England,  Y.  369. 

Cornwall,  village  of  Connecticut,  Y.  369. 
Town  of  New  York,  2  c.  Cornwall  Land¬ 
ing,  ib.  * 

Cornwall,  Barry  :  see  Procter,  Bryan  Waller. 

Cornwallis,  Charles,  earl,  British  general,  Y. 
370.  His  campaign  in  Virginia,  X.  97,  1  ab; 
303,  1  a.  See  Yorktown. 


230 


CORO 


CORTONA 


Coro,  state  of  Venezuela,  V.  370.  Santa  Afla 
de,  capital,  2  ab. 

Coroco'ro ,  Bolivia,  mines  of,  III.  12,  2  c. 

Coroi/la,  in  botany,  V.  370;  XIII.  585,  1  ab, 
c  ;  586,  2  a. 

Coroman'del,  Coast  of,  V.  370;  IX.  201,  2  a. 

Coro'na:  see  Crown.  In  architecture,  I.  657, 
1  a ;  658,  1  b.  In  meteorology,  VIII.  405, 
1  c  (coronse).  Solar,  XV.  474,  2  ab,  ff. 

Cor'onach,  a  lamentation  at  funerals,  V.  371. 

Coronado,  Francisco  Vasquez  de  [ko-ro-na'- 
tho],  Spanish  explorer,  V.  371. 

Coronado  de  Perry,  Carolina,  Spanish  poet 
and  novelist,  V.  371. 

Corona ,  in  meteorology,  VIII.  405,  1  c. 

Coronation  Mil ,  in  Presburg,  XIII.  809,  1  a. 

Corone'a ,  battle  of,  I.  186,  2  b. 

Coronella  getula ,  snake,  IV.  225,  2  b  (ill.)  . 

Coroner,  civil  officer,  V.  371. 

Coronet,  V.  371.  Varieties  of,  372,  1  a  (ill.). 

Coronet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  ab. 

Coronium ,  ancient  town,  V.  387, 2  c  (Corunna). 

Coronula  diadema ,  cirriped  (ill.),  IV.  612,  1  b. 

Coroza  [ko-ro'-tha],  cap,  IX.  295,  1  b. 

Corporal,  military  title,  V.  372. 

Corporate,  in  the  eucharist,  V.  372. 

Corporal  oath :  see  Corporale. 

Corpora  Malpighiana ,  in  anatomy,  IX.  826,  2  c. 

Corporation,  in  law,  V.  372.  Liability  of,  X. 
485,  1  c,  2  c.  Ecclesiastical  corporations: 
see  Mortmain. 

Corpulence,  V.  373.  Dietetic  cure  of,  2  c,  ff.; 
II.  288,  2  c. 

Corpus  callosum,  of  the  brain,  III.  188,  1  b ; 
190,  2  ab;  191,2  a;  192,  2  be;  XII.  235, 1  be. 

Corpus  Christi,  festival,  V.  374;  X.  638,  2  b. 

Corpus  Christi,  village  of  Texas,  V.  374. 

Corpuscles ,  of  the  blood,  II.  729,  2  b  ;  in  inflam¬ 
mation,  IX.  275,  1  c,  2  a,  277,  1  a.  Pus 
corpuscles,  276,  1  c,  2  b.  Plastic  (pyoid),  2  a. 

Corpuscular  theory  of  light,  X.  435,  1  b. 

Corpus  Juris  :  see  Civil  Law. 

Corpus  Reformatorum,  III.  256,  1  c. 

Corradi  [kor-ra'-de],  painter :  see  Ghirlandaio. 

Correa  de  Serra,  Jose  Francisco  [kor-ra'-a 
da  ser'-ra],  Portuguese  naturalist,  V.  374. 

Correction,  houses  of,  XIV.  12,  1  c. 

Correction  lines,  in  surveying,  XV.  492,  1  b. 

Correction  of  toe  Press,  V.  375.  Distin¬ 
guished  proof-readers,  2  c. 

Correggio,  Antonio  Allegri  da  [kor-red'-jo], 
Italian  painter,  V.  376. 

Correlation  of  Forces,  and  Conservation  of 
Force,  V.  377.  Erroneous  views,  1  b.  In¬ 


timations  of  the  doctrine  in  early  writers, 
2  be.  Experiments  on  the  nature  of  heat, 
378,  1  a.  General  recognition  of  the  doc¬ 
trine,  379,  1  a.  Potential  and  actual  ener¬ 
gy,  2  b.  As  seen  in  the  organic  and  inor¬ 
ganic  world,  2  c.  Delation  between  food 
and  work,  380,  1  c.  Influence  of  the  law  of 
conservation  on  science,  381,  2  ab.  Inves¬ 
tigations  by  Americans,  378,  1  a,  381,  2  be. 

Correze  [kor-raiz],  department  of  France,  V. 
381. 

Corrie,  Daniel,  bishop  of  Madras,  V.  382. 

Corrientes  [kore-re-ain'-tace],  province  of  the 
Argentine  Eepublic,  V.  382.  Capital,  1  c. 

Corrosive  action,  protection  of  copper  from, 
V.  720,  1  c;  of  iron,  VII.  587,  1  c. 

Corrosive  Sublimate,  V.  382.  Antiseptic 
properties,  2  c. 

Corry,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  V.  383. 

Corset,  article  of  dress,  V.  383. 

Corsica,  island  and  department  of  France,  V. 
383.  History,  384, 1  c. 

Corsican! a,  county  seat,  XII.  180,  1  a. 

Corsican  fairy ,  a  dwarf,  VI.  335,  2  c. 

Corsican  f  urnace,  II.  741,  2  c. 

Corsini,  Lorenzo  [kor-se'-ne],  (Pope  Clement 
XII.),  IV.  663,  1  c. 

Corsned,  a  form  of  ordeal,  XII.  674,  2  be. 

Corso  of  Rome,  IV.  10, 1  a;  XIV.  414, 1  be  (ill.), 

Cort,  Cornells,  Dutch  artist,  V.  384. 

Cort,  Henry,  English  inventor,  V.  384. 

Cortallum,  ancient  town :  see  Cherbourg. 

Corte  [kor'-ta],  town  of  Corsica,  V.  384. 

Cortereal,  Gaspar  [kor-ta-ra-al'],  Portuguese 
navigator,  V.  385.  Miguel,  1  ab.  See  I. 
668,  2  c. 

Cor'tes  [Sp.  kore'-tace],  Spanish  parliament, 
XV.  208,  1  a ;  Portuguese,  XIII.  739,  1  b. 

Cor'tes  (Sp.  Cortes ,  kore-tace'),  port  of  Hon¬ 
duras,  V.  385. 

Cortes  (Sp.  Cortes ),  Hernan  or  Hernando, 
conqueror  of  Mexico,  V.  385.  Comment  of 
Las  Casas  on  his  cruelty  to  Indian  miners, 
2  ab.  Expedition  to  Mexico,  2  b.  Ingrati¬ 
tude  of  Charles  V.,  386,  2  be. 

Cortesi,  Jacopo  [kor-ta'-ze] :  see  Borgognone. 

Cortetz  :  see  Kortetz. 

Corti,  arch  of,  in  the  ear,  XV.  185,  1  c.  Organ 
of,  1  b,  2  ab.  Rods  or  pillars  of,  1  c ;  186,  2  a. 

Cortical  substance,  of  the  brain,  III.  186,  1  c. 

Cortitz :  see  Kortetz. 

Cortland  [kort'-land],  county,  V.  386. 

Cortland  Village ,  county  seat,  V.  387,  1  a. 

Cobto'na,  city  of  Italy,  V.  387  (ill.). 


CORTONA 


COSTE 


231 


Cortona,  Pietro  Berrettini  da,  Italian  painter, 
V.  387. 

Cortori'acum ,  ancient  town :  see  Courtrai. 

Coruna  [ko-roo'-nya] :  see  Corunna. 

Corundum,  mineral  species,  V.  387. 

Corunna,  province  of  Spain,  V.  387.  Capital 
city,  2  c;  view,  388. 

Corunna ,  county  seat,  XIV.  853,  1  c. 

Corutania}  mediaeval  territory,  XVI.  663,  1  b. 

Corvallis ,  county  seat,  II.  542,  2  a. 

Corvaria ,  Pietro  da  (Nicholas  V.,  anti-pope), 
IX.  647,  2  b. 

Corvette ',  war  vessel,  XII.  188,  2  b. 

Corvey :  see  Korvei. 

Corvinus,  Matthias  :  see  Matthias  Corvinus. 

Corvin-Wiersbitzki,  Otto  Julius  Bernhard 
[kor-veen'-veerce-bits'-ke],  German  revolu¬ 
tionist,  Y.  388. 

Corvisart-Desmarets,  Jean  Nicolas  [kor-ve- 
zar-da-ma-ra],  French  physician,  V.  388. 

Corvus  (ornithology),  V.  519,  1  a;  XIV.  218, 
1  be.  C.  Americanus,  V.  519,  1  b  (ill.).  C. 
corax,  XIV.  218,  2  c  (ill.,  219),  and  other 
species.  C.  cornix,  V.  520,  2  c  (ill.,  521), 
&c.  C.  frugilegus,  XIV.  422,  1  b  (ill.).  C. 
monedula,  IX.  481,  2  c  (ill.,  482). 

Corwich ,  kind  of  crab,  XV.  267,  1  a. 

Corwin,  Thomas,  American  statesman,  V.  388. 

Cory ,  Giles ,  pressed  to  death  for  refusing  to 
plead  on  his  trial,  XIII.  227,  2  c. 

Co'ryat,  Thomas,  English  traveller,  Y.  389. 

Coryban'tes,  priests  of  Cybele,  Y.  389. 

Corycian  cave ,  Greece,  XIII.  122,  1  c. 

Cor' y don,  county  seats,  VIII.  481,  1  c ;  XYI. 
520,  1  c. 

Co'ryell,  county,  Y.  389. 

Cor'ylus  (botany),  VIII.  554,  1  a  (ills.).  C. 
Americana,  2  a.  C.  Avellana,  2  b.  C.  co- 
lurna,  555,  1  ab. 

Cor'ymb ,  in  botany,  XIII.  584,  2  b. 

Cory'pha  (botany),  XIII.  20,  2  c.  C.  umbra- 
culifera,  ib. 

Coryphee' na  (zoology),  YI.  193,  2  be.  C.  do- 
rade,  194,  1  a  (ill.).  C.  equisetis,  ib.  C. 
hippurus,  193,  2  c.  Power  of  changing 
color,  194,  1  b,  be;  IY.  243,  1  be. 

Coryph^'us,  leader  of  Greek  chorus,  Y.  389  ; 
IV.  518,  1  c. 

Coryphin'ece  (botany),  XIII.  20,  2  c. 

Cory  thee' olus  (zoology),  II.  365,  1  a. 

Corytha'ix  (ornithology),  XIII.  595,  2  b. 

Cory'za ,  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem¬ 
brane  of  the  nostrils,  III.  310,  1  a. 

Cos,  island  of  Turkey,  Y.  390. 


Coscinium  (botany),  II.  549,  2  a.  C.  fenestra- 
tum,  Y.  122,  2  c. 

Coscinodiscus ,  diatom,  YI.  85, 1  b.  C.  lineatus, 
ib.  C.  oculus  iridis,  ib. 

Cosecant :  see  Trigonometry,  XY.  866,  1  a. 

Cosel,  town  :  see  Kosel. 

Cosel,  Countess  of,  Y.  390.  Florins  de  Cosel, 
coins,  1  c. 

Cosenza  [ko-zen'-dza],  province  of  Italy,  Y. 
390.  Capital  city,  2  ab. 

Coshocton  [ko-shok'-tun],  county,  Y.  390. 

Coshocton,  county  seat,  Y.  390,  2  c. 

Cosimo  [ko-ze'-mo] :  see  Medici,  XI.  343,  2  c. 

Cosin,  John  [kuz'-en],  English  prelate,  Y.  391. 

Cosine ,  in  mathematics,  XY.  865,  2  c. 

Cosmas  of  Prague,  ecclesiastic  and  historian, 
Y.  391. 

Cosmic  ether ,  X.  435,  1  c. 

Cosmo  :  see  Medici,  XI.  343,  2  c ;  345,  1  b. 

)  Cosmog' ony :  see  Cosmology  (Index).  Of  the 
Norse  races,  XII.  119,  2  b  (Mythology). 

Cosmology ,  XIII.  431,  2  c,  432, 2  a  (Philosophy). 

Cosmoplane ,  instrument,  YI.  92,  1  ab. 

Cossa ,  Baltassare  (John  XXIII.),  IX.  647,  2  c. 

Cos'sacks,  warlike  tribes  of  Russia,  Y.  391 
(ill.).  Revolt  of,  under  Chmielnicki,  IX. 
650,  2  b.  Secession  of  the  Cossacks  of  the 
Ukraine  to  Russia,  I.  294,  1  a. 

Cosse,  Charles  de  [kus-sa],  count  de  Brissac, 
marshal  of  France,  Y.  392. 

Cossipore',  suburb  of  Calcutta,  Y.  392. 

Cossitfs  Corners ,  a  former  name  of  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  XY.  544,  2  a. 

Cossus ,  a  grub,  XY.  302,  2  b. 

Cossus  ligniperda  (entomology),  IY.  107,  1  ab; 
XI.  869,  2  b. 

Cost,  or  cotise,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  be. 

Cos'ta,  Sir  Michael,  English  musical  director 
and  composer,  Y.  392. 

Costa-Cabral',  Antonio  Bernardo  da,  duke  of 
Thomar,  Portuguese  statesman,  Y.  392.  See 
Maria  II.  da  Gloria. 

Costanzis ,  the ,  gem  engravers,  YII.  664,  1  a. 

Costa  Rica  [koce'-ta  re'-ka],  republic  of  Cen¬ 
tral  America,  Y.  393.  Coasts,  1  b.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  2  a.  Map,  ib.  Rivers,  394,  1  a. 
Soil  and  minerals,  1  be.  Climate,  1  c.  Flora, 
2  ab.  Fauna,  2  b.  Population,  2  c.  Reli¬ 
gion,  395,  1  a.  Productions,  1  ab.  Com¬ 
merce,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  2  ab.  Edu¬ 
cation,  2  be.  Government  and  finances,  396, 
1  a.  History,  1  c. 

Coste,  Jean  Jacques  Marie  Cyprien  Victor 
[kust],  French  naturalist,  Y.  397. 


232 


COSTELLO 


COUCHING 


Costello,  Dudley,  British  author  and  journal¬ 
ist,  Y.  397.  Louisa  Stuart,  authoress,  1  c. 
Coster,  Laurens  Janszoon,  reputed  inventor 
of  printing,  Y.  397.  Coster  festival,  2  c. 
Costilla,  county,  Y.  397. 

Costilla ,  county  seat,  Y.  398,  1  a. 

Cosway,  Richard,  English  painter,  Y.  398. 

Maria  Hadfield,  artist,  1  a. 

Cota,  Rodrigo  de,  Spanish  poet,  Y.  398. 
Cotangent :  see  Trigonometry,  XY.  866,  1  a. 
Coteau  des  Prairies  [ko-to'  da  pra'-re],  plateau 
in  Dakota,  V.  639,  1  b. 

Coteau  du  Missouri ,  Plateau  du ,  Y.  639,  1  b. 
Cote  de  Chdlon  [kote  dull  ska-long],  wines  of, 
YII.  412,  2  c. 

Cote-d’Or,  department  of  France,  Y.  398. 

"Wines  of,  YII.  413,  1  a,  c. 

Cote  du  Rhone ,  wines  of,  YII.  412,  1  a. 
Cote-Rotie ,  vineyard  of  the,  YII.  412,  1  c. 
Cotes,  Roger,  English  mathematician,  Y.  398. 
Cotes-du-Nord  [kote-dti-nor],  department  of 
France,  Y.  398. 

Cothur'nus,  ancient  boot,Y.  398;  XIY.  873, 2  a. 
Co-tidal  lines ,  XY.  746,  1  a. 

Cotin,  Charles,  abbe  [kuh-tang],  French  writer, 
Y.  398. 

Cotise  [ko-teez'J,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  1  be. 
Cotopax'i,  volcano  in  Ecuador,  Y.  399  (ill.). 
Cotrone  [ko-tro'-na],  town  of  Italy,  Y.  400. 
Cotta,  German  family,  Y.  400.  Johann  Georg, 
publisher,  1  c.  J ohann  Friedrich,  theologian, 
ib.  Johann  Friedrich,  baron  von  Cottendorf, 
publisher,  ib.  Georg,  public  officer  and  pub¬ 
lisher,  2  b.  Bernhard,  geologist,  ib. 

Cotta ,  fast-day  food  of  the  Capuchins,  III.  763, 

1  c. 

Cot'tabus,  ancient  social  game,  Y.  400. 

Cottbus ,  town :  see  Kottbus. 

Cotteniiam,  Charles  Christopher  Pepys,  earl 
of,  chancellor  of  England,  Y.  401. 
Cottereau,  Jean  [kut-tro] :  see  Chouans,  IY. 
520,  2  a,  c. 

Cottin,  Madame  Sophie  Ristaud  [kut-tang], 
French  novelist,  Y.  401. 

Cottle,  Joseph,  English  publisher  and  author, 
Y.  401.  Amos,  1  c. 

Cotton,  Y.  401.  Different  species,  2  a.  Shrub 
cotton,  2  c  (ill.,  402).  Ancient  use  of,  402, 

2  a.  Cotton  fabrics  of  India,  2  be.  Intro¬ 
duced  into  Europe,  403,  1  a.  Early  use  in 
America,  1  b.  Sea  island  cotton,  2  b ;  405, 
2  c.  Culture  in  Asia,  404, 1  a ;  in  Africa,  1  c ; 
in  South  America,  &c.,  2  a;  in  the  United 
States,  2  b.  Upland  cotton,  2  c.  Gin  house 


(ill.),  405.  Cotton  gin,  406,  1  b  (ills.).  Cot¬ 
ton  press  (ill.),  2  c.  Statistics,  407,  2  b,  ff. 
Use  of  cotton  in  paper  making,  XIII.  46, 1  a. 
Cotton  fibre,  structure  of,  II.  373,  1  b.  Dif¬ 
ference  between  cotton  and  linen  fibre,  Y. 
414,  2  c.  Detection  of  cotton  in  linen  fab¬ 
rics,  415,  1  a. 

Cotton,  Charles,  English  poet,  Y.  410. 

Cotton,  John,  Puritan  preacher,  Y.  410.  See 
Boston,  III.  128,  2  c,  and  129,  1  c.  Monu¬ 
mental  tablet  in  St.  Botolph’s  church,  Bos¬ 
ton,  England,  Y.  411,  1  ab. 

Cotton,  Sir  Robert  Bruce,  English  antiquary, 
Y.  411 ;  III.  297,  2  ab. 

Cotton  chapel ,  III.  128,  2  c  (ill.) ;  Y.  411,  1  ab. 
Cotton  gin ,  invention  of,  XYI.  610,  1  c :  see 
Cotton,  Y.  406,  1  ab  (ill.).  Use  of  steam  in 
cotton-ginning,  X.  630,  1  ab. 

“  Cotton  is  king”  Y.  231,  2  c;  YIII.  428,  1  c. 
Cotton  Manufacture,  Y.  411.  Inventions  of 
Hargreaves  and  Arkwright,  2  a,  ff.  First  ma¬ 
chines  made  in  the  United  States,  412,  1  b  ; 
XY.  88,  2  c.  Introduction  of  the  Arkwright 
machinery,  Y.  412,  2  ab.  The  power  loom, 

413,  1  a.  Processes  of  manufacture,  1  b,  ff. 
Difference  between  cotton  and  linen  fibre, 

414,  2  c.  Statistics  of  cotton  manufacture 
in  the  United  States,  415,  1  b ;  in  England, 
417,  2  a.  “Cotton  famine”  in  England  du¬ 
ring  the  American  civil  war,  419,  1  a. 

Cotton  thistle ,  XY.  713,  2  a. 

Cottonwood ,  tree,  XIII.  711,  2  c  (ill.). 
Cottonwood,  county,  Y.  419. 

Cottonwood  Falls,  county  seat,  IY.  326,  1  b. 
Cotton  Worm,  Y.  419  (ills.).  Boll- worm  moth, 
420,  1  c. 

Cottopsis  asper  (ichthyology),  III.  428,  1  b. 
Cottus  (ichthyology),  III.  426,  2  c;  427,  2  b; 
428,  1  b.  C.  gracilis,  427,  2  c.  C.  viscosus, 
ib.  C.  gobio,  428, 1  a  (ill.).  C.  asper,  1  b. 
Coturnix  (ornithology),  XIY.  126,  2  c.  C. 

communis,  ib.  (ill.,  127). 

Cotyledon  [cot-e-le'-don],  in  botany,  X.  267, 
1  b;  XIII.  575,  1  ab,  ff. 

Cotyle  ripa'ria  [cot'-e-le],  (ornithology),  XY. 
499,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cotys,  Thracian  female  divinity,  Y.  420. 
Cotyttia,  a  Thracian  festival,  V.  420,  2  ab. 
Cotytto :  see  Cotys. 

Couch,  Richard  Quillar,  English  scientist,  Y.  420. 
Coucher ,  in  paper  manufacture,  XIII.  49,  1  ab. 
Couch  Grass,  Y.  420  (ill.). 

Couching:  see  Cataract,  IY.  102, 1  be. 
Couching  floor,  of  a  brewery,  III.  257,  2  be. 


coucou 


COURT 


233 


Coucou:  see  Cuckoo,  V.  557,  2  be. 

Coucy,  De  [dull  koo-se],  French  noble  family, 
V.  421.  Thomas  de  (Thomas  de  Marie),  1  b. 
Renaud  or  Raoul,  1  c ;  romance  of,  ib.  En- 
guerrand  III.,  “the  Great,”  2  a.  Enguer- 
rand  VII.,  or  Ingelram,  ib. :  see  Buttisholz. 
Coudersport  [kow'-],  county  seat,  XIII.  776,  2  b. 
CouGn,  Y.  421.  Causes  and  varieties  of,  422, 

1  a.  Relief  of,  1  c. 

Couguae  [koo'-gar],  animal,  Y.  422  (ill.). 

Couia :  see  Coypu. 

Coulisse  [koo-leece],  in  the  Paris  bourse,  XY. 
388,  2  c ;  389,  1  a. 

Coulmiees,  Battle  of  [kool-mya] :  see  Orleans. 
Coulomb,  Charles  Augustin  de  [koo-long], 
French  philosopher,  V.  422.  His  views  on 
electricity,  YI.  502,  1  be  ;  504,  1  a  ;  505, 1  a. 
Experiments  on  friction,  VII.  491,  1  ab,  2  a. 
See  Torsion  balance  (Index). 

Coulon  [koo-long],  defaulting  French  army  con¬ 
tractor,  referred  to,  III.  160,  2  a. 

Coumarine  [koo'-ma-rin],  vegetable  principle, 
XV.  796,  1  b. 

Council,  Y.  422.  In  the  Christian  church, 

2  c.  Provincial  councils,  423, 1  a.  National, 
1  b ;  called  by  Napoleon  without  sanction 
of  the  pope,  ib.  General  or  oecumenical 
councils,  1  be ;  those  recognized  by  the  Ro¬ 
man  Catholic  church,  2  be.  Collection  of 
their  acts,  424,  1  a. — In  political  history,  1  b. 
Council  of  Ten,  ib.,  and  YI.  182,  2  c.  Of  the 
Ancients,  Y.  424, 1  c.  Of  Five  Hundred,  2  a. 
Of  state  in  France,  2  ab.  Of  Castile,  2  b.  Of 
the  Indies,  2  be.  Privy  council  in  England, 
ib.  Council  of  state  in  Prussia,  2  c.  Fed¬ 
eral  council  in  the  German  empire,  425,  1  a. 
Councils  in  some  of  the  United  States,  1  ab. 

Council  Bluffs,  city  of  Iowa,  Y.  425. 

Council  of  blood,  I.  370,  1  ab;  YI.  453,  1  c. 
Council  of  conscience,  in  France,  XIII.  176,  1  a. 
Council  Grove,  county  seat,  XI.  844,  2  a. 
Council  of  the  north,  in  England,  YI.  623,  2  c ; 

abolition  of,  624, 1  c. 

Council  of  troubles ,  I.  370,  1  a  (Alva). 
Councils,  Congregational,  Y.  244,  1  a-c.  Ex 
parte  council,  1  c. 

Councils,  oecumenical,  their  supremacy  over 
the  pope  declared,  II.  358,  2  c;  359,  1  b. 
Counsellor  :  see  Lawyer,  X.  237,  1  b,  2  a. 
Count,  title  of  nobility,  Y.  425.  Powers  of, 
426,  1  a;  VII.  160,  1  c,  2  a.  In  England, 
YI.  353,  1  a;  XIY.  848,  2  c. 

Counter,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  1  c.  Cross 
counter,  2  b. 


Counterplace,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  b. 

Counterpoint  :  see  Harmony,  VIII.  470,  1  b  ; 
Music,  XII.  77, 1  ab.  Double  counterpoints, 
91,  1  ab. 

Counters,  in  bank-note  engraving,  YI.  655, 1  c. 

Counterscarp  walls,  in  fortification,  VII.  329, 
1  be. 

Countervallation,  lines  of,  XY.  27, 1  a ;  28,  2  b. 

Countess ,  title  of,  Y.  426,  1  c ;  YI.  353,  1  ab. 

County,  political  division,  Y.  426. 

County  palatine :  see  Palatine  (Index). 

County  system:  see  Town,  XY.  827,  2  c. 

Coup  de  Jarnac  [koo  dub  zhar-nak],  IX.  567, 
1  c. 

Coupe  [koo-pa],  of  a  diligence,  IV.  724,  1  a. 

Coupe,  in  fencing,  VII.  121,  1  c. 

Couped  [koopt],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  c. 

Coupeville,  county  seat  (now  Coveland),  IX. 
428,  1  c. 

Couple-close,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a. 

Coupler,  in  the  organ,  XII.  689,  1  b. 

Coupling,  in  galvanism,  for  intensity  or  in 
series,  VII.  594,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  for  quantity  or  in 
multiple,  ib.  (ill.). 

Coupling  of  railroad  cars,  XIY.  181,  2  a, 

Courayer,  Pierre  Francois  le  [luh  koo-ra-ya], 
French  ecclesiastic,  Y.  426. 

Courbet,  Gustave  [koor-ba],  French  painter, 
Y.  426.  (Died  1878.) 

Couebevoie  [koor-buh-vwa],  village  of  France, 
Y.  427. 

Couecelles  [koor-sel],  battle  of,  Y.  427. 

Courcelles,  Daniel  de  Remi,  governor  of  Can¬ 
ada,  Y.  427. 

Courcelles,  Thomas  de,  theologian,  Y.  427. 

Cour  des  poisons  [koor  da  pwa-zongJ,  in  France, 
IY.  242,  2  a. 

Coureurs  des  bois  [koo-rur  da  b  wa],  VII.  534, 2  c. 

Courfeu  [koor-fiih] :  see  Curfew. 

Courier  de  Mere,  Paul  Louis  [koor-ya  duh 
ma-ra],  French  scholar  and  publicist,  Y.  427. 

Cour'lan,  bird,  Y.  427  (ill.,  428). 

Courland,  province  of  Russia,  Y.  428. 

Couronne  de  tasses  [koo-riin  duh  tas],  in  gal¬ 
vanism,  VII.  588,  2  b. 

Couronnement  [koo-run-mang],  in  fencing,  VII. 
121,  2  a. 

Couroucou  [koo-roo-koo'] :  see  Teogon. 

Cour  pleniere  [koor  pla-nyair],  VII.  385,  1  ab. 

Cours  de  regence  [koor  duh  ra-zhangce],  in  Jes¬ 
uit  teaching,  IX.  626,  2  b. 

Course :  see  Snip,  XIY.  865,  2  ab. 

Court,  in  law,  Y.  428.  Administration  of  law 
in  ancient  countries,  2  c.  In  Rome,  429, 1  o» 


234 


COURT 


COWICHANS 


In  England,  1  c ;  courts  of,  2  b ;  ecclesiasti¬ 
cal  courts,  ib.,  and  148,  2  c,  149,  1  be;  su¬ 
preme  court,  430,  1  b.  In  France,  2  b  ;  par- 
lements,  431,  1  a;  court  of  cassation,  1  c. 
Responsibility  of  French  judges,  2  a;  of 
English,  2  c.  Rules  of  decision,  432,  1  c. 
Courts  of  the  United  States,  2  c. — Court  of 
appeals,  in  New  York,  I.  595,  1  c;  in  Eng¬ 
land,  Y.  430,  1  be,  c.  Court  of  chancery,  in 
New  York,  IX.  795,  2  ab ;  in  England,  Y. 
429,  2  b,  430,  1  b.  See  Chancery.  Court 
of  claims,  in  the  United  States,  Y.  433,  1  c. 
Court  of  common  pleas,  in  England,  YI. 
606,  1  a ;  Y.  429,  2  a,  2  b,  430,  1  a.  Court 
of  exchequer,  in  England,  YI.  606,  1  a;  Y. 
429,  2  a,  2  b,  430,  1  a.  Court  of  high  com¬ 
mission,  attempt  to  restrain  its  powers,  Y. 
36,  1  c.  Court  of  judicature,  in  England, 
YI.  606, 1  a.  Court  of  king’s  bench,  in  Eng¬ 
land,  YI.  605,  2  c ;  Y.  429,  2  a,  2  b,  c. 

Court  de  Gebelin,  Antoine  [koor  duh  zhaib- 
lang],  French  author,  Y.  433. 

Courten,  William,  English  manufacturer  and 
merchant,  Y.  433.  William,  collector,  2  c. 

Court  hand ,  English,  XYI.  739,  2  b. 

Court  Martial,  Y.  434. 

Court  of  Loye,  in  medheval  France,  Y.  434. 

Court  of  prize,  I.  125,  2  c.  See  Prize. 

Courtois,  Jacques  [koor-twa] :  see  Borgognone. 

Courtrai,  city  of  Belgium,  V.  434. 

Courtray :  see  Courtrai. 

Courts  of  Admiralty ,  in  England,  jurisdiction 
of,  Y.  429,  2  be;  151,  1  a.  See  Admiralty, 
I.  124,  1  ab.  In  Ireland  and  Scotland,  126, 
1  a.  In  France,  125,  2  c.  In  the  United 
States,  126,  1  ab. 

Cousin,  Jean  [koo-zang],  French  painter,  Y.  434. 

Cousin,  Yictor,  French  philosopher,  Y.  434. 
His  theory  of  philosophy,  435, 1  c ;  his  plan, 
436,  1  ab.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444,  1  b. 

Cousin  Alice,  pseudonyme,  YIII.  522,  2  b. 

Cousin-Montauban  :  see  Palikao,  Count  de. 

Coussemaker,  Charles  Edmond  Henri  de  [koos- 
ma-kair],  French  author,  Y.  436. 

Coustou,  Nicolas  [koos-too],  French  sculptor, 
Y.  437.  Guillaume,  1  a,  ab  (two). 

Coutances  [koo-tangce],  town  of  France,  Y.  437. 

Couthon,  Georges  [koo-tong],  French  revolu¬ 
tionist,  Y.  437. 

Coutts  [koots] :  see  Burdett-Coutts. 

Coutume  de  Paris  [koo-tum  duh  pa-re],  in  states 
from  the  Louisiana  purchase,  Y.  594,  1  b. 

Couture,  Thomas  [koo-tiir],  French  painter, 
Y.  437. 


Cou'vent  [Fr.  koo-vang],  county  seat,  XIY.  538, 
1  b. 

Couvre  feu  [koo-vruh  full],  II.  495,  2  c.  See 
Curfew. 

Couxio  [Port,  ko-she'-o],  monkey,  XI.  751,  2  c. 

Couza  (or  Cuza),  Alexander ,  hospodar  of  Mol¬ 
davia  and  Wallachia,  XI.  705,  1  b.  See 
Alexander  John  I. 

Cove  of  Cork  (Queenstown),  XIY.  147,  1  be. 

Coveland  :  see  Coupeville  (Index). 

Covenant,  in  law,  Y.  289,  2  b;  Y.  755,  1  a. 

“  Covenant ,  Firstfi  of  the  Scottish  Presby¬ 
terians,  XIII.  810, 1  b.  Second,  1  c.  “  Sol¬ 
emn  League  and  Covenant,”  2  a. 

Covenanters  :  see  Cameronians.  The  rock 
prison  purchased  for  their  confinement  by 
Charles  II.,  II.  372,  1  c. 

Covenants  in  law,  Y.  755,  1  a. 

Covent  Garden  [kuv'-ent],  London,  X.  614, 1  a. 

Coventry  [kuy'-en-tre],  city  of  England,  Y. 
437.  St.  Michael’s  church  (ill.),  438.  Cov¬ 
entry  true  blue,  1  a.  Legend  of  Godiva,  2  a. 
Sending  to  Coventry,  2  b. 

Coventry,  town  of  Rhode  Island,  Y.  438. 

Coverdale,  Miles,  English  divine  and  trans¬ 
lator  of  the  Bible,  Y.  438. 

Covered  way,  in  fortification,  YII.  329,  1  c. 

Cover  point,  in  cricket,  Y.  482,  1  b. 

Coverts,  in  the  wings  of  a  bird,  YII.  105,  2  c. 

CoviLnAM,  or  Covilhao  [ko-ve-lyowng/],  Joao 
Peres  da,  Portuguese  navigator,  Y.  439. 

Covilhao,  town  of  Portugal,  Y.  439. 

Covington  [kuv'-ing-tun],  two  counties,  Y.  439. 

Covington,  city  of  Kentucky,  Y.  439. 

Covington,  county  seats,  I.  324,  2  c ;  YII.  351, 
1  b ;  XII.  344,  2  b ;  XIY.  555,  1  b ;  XY. 
768,  1  a. 

Cow :  see  Cattle. 

Cow  and  Calf,  two  rocks,  YI.  315,  1  b. 

Cowbane,  plant,  IY.  577,  2  a. 

Cowberry,  XYI.  613,  2  a  (ill.). 

Cow  Bird,  Y.  440  (ill.).  See  557,  2  be  ;  XVI. 
779,  2  c,  and  781,  2  be. 

Cow  bunting :  see  Cow  Bird. 

Cow'ell,  John,  English  civilian,  Y.  440. 

Cowes  [kowz],  seaport  of  England,  Y.  441 
(ill.).  Osborne  house,  2  a. 

Cowe'ta,  county,  Y.  441. 

Cowetas  :  see  Creeks. 

Cowfish,  III.  226,  1  a. 

Cowgate,  street  of  Edinburgh,  YI.  405,  1  c. 

Cowhage  [kow'-ij],  plant,  Y.  441  (ill.). 

Cowichans,  tribe  in  Vancouver  Island,  XII. 
480,  1  c,  2  a. 


CO  WITCH 


CRAMP 


235 


Cow'itch :  see  Cowiiage. 

Cowl,  monastic  hood,  V.  442. 

Cowley,  county,  V.  442. 

Cowley,  Abraham,  English  poet,  V.  442. 
Cowlitz,  county,  V.  442. 

Cow  pastures ,  in  Australia,  III.  648,  1  ab. 
Cowpexs,  village  of  South  Carolina,  V.  442. 

Battle  of,  443,  1  a.  See  IX.  19,  2  c. 

Cowper,  Judith:  see  Pope,  Alexander,  XIII. 
709,  1  c. 

Cowper,  William,  earl,  English  judge,  Y.  443. 
Mary,  countess,  2  a. 

Cowper,  William,  English  anatomist,  Y.  443. 

Cowper’s  glands,  2  a.  See  Bidloo. 

Cowper,  William,  English  poet,  Y.  443.  “  John 
Gilpin,”  444, 1  a.  Translation  of  Homer,  1  b. 
Cowpox ,  IX.  603,  2  ab. 

Cowry,  shell,  Y.  444  (ill.).  Tiger  cowry,  445, 
1  b  (ill.).  Shaking  props  (game),  444,  2  c. 
TJse  of  as  money,  ib. ;  XI.  736,  2  c. 

Cowry ,  bird,  III.  166,  2  a. 

Cow' slip,  plant,  XIII.  837, 1  b  (ill.).  American 
cowslip,  838,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cow  Tree,  Y.  445  (ill.).  Nutritive  milk  of,  2  a. 
Cox,  David,  English  painter,  Y.  445. 

Cox,  Francis  Augustus,  clergyman,  Y.  445. 
Cox,  Jacob  Dolson,  American  lawyer  and  sol¬ 
dier,  V.  445. 

Cox,  Richard,  English  prelate,  Y.  446.  “  Bish¬ 
ops1  Bible,”  1  b. 

Cox,  Samuel  Hanson,  American  clergyman,  Y. 

446. 

Cox,  Samuel  Sullivan,  politician,  Y.  446. 
Coxcie,  Michael,  Flemish  painter,  Y.  446. 
Coxe,  Arthur  Cleveland,  American  bishop, 
Y.  446. 

Coxe,  Tench,  economist,  Y.  447.  See  I.  93, 1  c. 
Coxe,  William,  English  historian  and  biogra¬ 
pher,  Y.  447. 

Coxis :  see  Coxcie. 

Coxwell ,  aeronaut,  I.  147,  2  a. 

Coya ,  venomous  spider,  HI.  170,  2  c. 

Coyne,  Joseph  Stirling,  British  playwright,  Y. 

447. 

Coyote  [ko-yo'-ta] :  see  Wolf,  XYI.  696, 1  be. 
Coypel,  Noel  [kwa-pSl],  French  painter,  Y. 
447.  Antoine,  2  ab.  Noel  Nicolas,  2  b. 
Charles  Antoine,  2  be. 

Coypu  [koi-poo'],  rodent  animal,  Y.  447  (ill.). 

Fur  of,  448,  1  a ;  YII.  539,  1  c. 

Coysevox,  Antoine  [kwaz-vo],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  Y.  448. 

Coyty  castle ,  ruins  of,  III.  280,  1  b. 

Co  -  Yukon ,  Indian  tribe,  I.  242,  2  a. 


Cozzens,  Frederick  Swrartwout  [kuz'-zenz], 
American  merchant  and  author,  Y.  448. 
Crab,  Y.  448.  Brachyurans,  1  be.  Anomu- 
rans,  1  c ;  450,  2  b ;  533,  2  a.  King  crabs, 
or  horseshoe  crabs,  448,  1  c ;  533,  2  b.  See 
King  Crab.  Structure,  448,  2  a.  Meta¬ 
morphosis,  2  c.  American  edible  crab,  449, 

1  c  (ill.).  Soft-shelled  crabs,  ib.  Rock  crabs, 

2  b.  Common  crab  of  Europe,  2  be  (ill.). 
Green  crab,  2  c.  Sand  crab,  450,  1  a.  Fid¬ 
dler  crab,  1  c  (ill.).  Oyster  crab,  ib. ;  XII. 
772,  1  c.  Spider  crab,  Y.  450,  2  a.  Hermit 
or  soldier  crab,  2  b  (ill.) ;  533,  2  a.  Robber 
crab,  451,  1  b.  Porcellanians,  1  c. 

Crab,  in  printing  press,  XIII.  852,  2  c. 

Crab  Apple  :  see  Apple,  I.  599,  2  be ;  600, 1  c, 
2  ab. 

Crabb,  George,  English  barrister  and  philolo¬ 
gist,  Y.  451. 

Crabbe,  George,  English  poet,  Y.  451. 
Crabetii,  Dirk  and  Wouter  [kra'-bet],  Dutch 
painters  on  glass,  Y.  452. 

Crab  Stones,  or  Crabs’  Eyes,  Y.  452 ;  X.  480, 

1  b. 

Crackle  wares,  porcelain,  XIII.  784,  1  a  (ilk). 
Cracknels,  from  whales’  blubber,  XYI.  583, 1  ab. 
Cracow,  city  of  Austria,  Y.  452.  Royal  cas¬ 
tle  (palace),  2  ab  (ill.,  453).  History,  453, 

2  a.  Republic  of,  1  be. 

Cradle,  of  American  liberty,  YII.  80,  1  a;  of 
Swiss  liberty,  YIII.  274,  2  a.  Rocker  for 
gold  washing,  82,  2  be.  Frame  with  scythe 
for  cutting  and  laying  grain,  XIY.  725,  2  c. 
Crafts,  Samuel  Chandler,  American  senator, 
Y.  454. 

Crafts,  William,  lawyer  and  author,  Y.  454. 
Craig,  county,  Y.  454. 

Craighead,  county,  Y.  454. 

Craik,  Dinah  Maria  Mulock,  English  authoress, 
Y.  454. 

Craik,  George  Lillie,  English  author,  Y.  455. 
Craik,  James,  American  physician,  Y.  455. 
Crake,  bird,  Y.  455  (ill.). 

Cram'be  mariti'ma  (botany),  XIY.  729,  2  be 
(ill.,  730). 

Cramer,  Johann  Andreas  [kra'-mer],  German 
poet  and  theologian,  Y.  455.  Karl  Fried¬ 
rich,  scholar,  2  c. 

Cramer,  John  Baptist,  musical  artist  and  com¬ 
poser,  Y.  456. 

Cramoisy,  S6bastien  [kra-mwa-ze],  French 
printer,  Y.  456. 

Cramp,  in  muscular  structures,  I.  571,  2  c. 
Cramp  jish:  see  Torpedo. 


230 


CRANACH 


CREEKS 


Cranach,  Lucas  [kra'-nakh],  German  painter 
and  engraver,  Y.  456.  Lucas  (2d),  2  a. 
Cran'berry,  Y.  456  (ill.).  Cranberry  rake, 
457,  1  c.  Medicinal  use,  ib.  High,  or  bush, 
VIII.  295,  2  c. 

Cranborne ,  Viscount:  see  Salisbury,  XIY.  565, 
2  b. 

Cranch,  William,  American  jurist,  Y.  457. 

Christopher  Pearse,  artist  and  poet,  2  ab. 
Crane,  bird,  Y.  457.  American  (whooping) 
crane,  2  c  (ill.,  458).  Sand-hill  crane,  458, 

1  b.  Crowned  crane,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Crane,  machine  for  hoisting,  Y.  458;  ill.,  IV. 
74.  Bishop’s  boom  derrick,  Y.  459,  1  b. 
Travelling  crane,  ib. 

Crane,  Anne  Moncure  (Seemtiller),  American 
novelist,  Y.  459. 

Cranesbill,  plant,  VII.  731,  1  be;  spotted,  1  c 
(ill.) ;  small-flowered,  732,  1  a. 

Crangon  (crustacea),  XY.  8,  2  a.  C.  vulgaris, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Crania  (brachiopoda),  III.  177,  2  c. 
Cranios'copy :  see  Phrenology,  XIII.  475, 1  b ; 
476,  1  ab. 

Craniot'omy,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  2  b. 
Cranmer,  Thomas,  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
Y.  459.  Decides  in  favor  of  Henry  VIII. 
the  question  of  marriage  with  a  brother’s 
widow,  2  b.  Thrice  pronounces  his  divorce, 
1  c;  460, 1  a,  b.  A  persecutor,  1  a,  c.  Fa¬ 
vors  the  translation  of  the  Bible,  1  ab.  Con¬ 
demned  and  burned,  2  a-c. 

Crantor  of  Soli,  academic  philosopher,  Y.  460. 
Cranworth,  Robert  Monsey  Rolfe,  baron,  lord 
chancellor  of  England,  Y.  461. 

Cranz,  David  [krants],  German  missionary  and 
historian,  Y.  461. 

Crape,  fabric,  V.  461. 

Crape  myrtle ,  plant,  X.  763,  2  a. 

Crape  ring ,  of  Saturn,  XIY.  640,  2  c. 
Crash'aw,  Richard,  English  poet  and  divine, 
Y.  461. 

Crassus,  Lucius  Licinius,  Roman  orator,  Y. 

461.  Marcus  Licinius,  triumvir,  462,  1  a. 
Cratce'gus  (botany),  XY.  721,  2  a.  C.  crus- 

galli,  2  be  (ill.,  722).  C.  cordata  and  other 
species,  722,  1  b.  C.  oxyacantha,  1  c  (ill.). 
C.  pyracantha,  2  c. 

Crat'erus,  Greek  general,  Y.  462. 

Crates  [kra'-teez],  Athenian  comic  poet,  Y. 

462.  Cynic,  2  b.  Philosopher,  2  c.  Greek 
grammarian,  463,  1  a. 

Crati'nus,  Athenian  comic  poet,  Y.  463.  Poet 
of  the  middle  comedy,  1  c. 


Cratip'pus,  Greek  historian,  Y.  463,  Philoso¬ 
pher,  1  c. 

Craufurd,  Quintin,  Scottish  author,  Y.  463. 

Craven,  county,  Y.  463. 

Craven,  Elizabeth :  see  ANSPAcn. 

Crawfish,  Y.  463  (ill.,  464).  European,  464, 
2  b ;  American  species,  ib.  In  the  Mammoth 
cave,  2  c. 

Crawford,  name  of  eleven  counties,  Y.  465. 

Crawford,  Nathaniel  Macon,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  Y.  466. 

Crawford,  Quintin :  see  Craufurd. 

Crawford,  Thomas,  American  sculptor,  V,  466. 

Crawford,  William  Harris,  American  states¬ 
man,  Y.  467. 

Crawfordsville,  city  of  Indiana,  Y.  468. 

Crawfordsville ,  county  seat,  XY.  556,  1  b. 

Crawfordville ,  county  seat,  XYI.  423,  1  a. 

Craufurd’’ s  method  of  galvanizing  iron ,  VII. 
602,  1  a,  b. 

Crax  (ornithology),  Y.  579,  2  be.  C.  alector, 
2  c  (ill.,  580).  C.  globicera,  580,  1  b.  C. 
rubra,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  carunculata,  ib.,  &c. 

Crayer,  Gaspard  de  [krl'-er;  Fr.  kra-ya],  Flem¬ 
ish  painter,  Y.  468. 

Crayons,  composition  of,  X.  526,  2  ab. 

Cream :  see  Butter. 

Cream-colored  ware,  Staffordshire  pottery, 
XIII.  787,  1  a ;  788,  2  b. 

Creamer  brake ,  III.  206,  1  b. 

Cream  of  lime,  X.  478,  1  b. 

Cream  of  Tartar,  Y.  468.  Adulteration,  469, 
1  b.  Use  in  medicine,  ib. ;  in  the  arts,  1  c. 

Cream  ware,  pottery,  XIII.  783,  1  ab. 

Creatine  [kre'-a-tin],  Y.  469 ;  XYI.  224,  2  b. 

Creatinine  [kre-a'-tin-in],  XYI.  224,  2  b. 

Creation,  Cuvier’s  arrangement  of  its  succes¬ 
sive  epochs,  Y.  600,  1  be. 

Creator ,  a  personal,  proofs  of  in  creation :  see 
Agassiz,  I.  175,  1  a. 

Crebillon,  Prosper  Jolyot  de  [zhiih-lyo  dull 
kra-be-yong],  French  tragic  poet,  Y.  469. 
Claude  Prosper  Jolyot  de,  novelist,  2  c. 

Crecy  [kra-se],  village  of  France,  Y.  470.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  1  a.  See  VIII.  256,  1  ab. 

Creden’tes,  class  of  Catharists,  IY.  116,  2  ab. 

Credi,  Lorenzo  di  [kra'-de],  Florentine  artist, 
Y.  470. 

Credit  Mobilier  [kra-d6  mo-be-lya],  of  Paris, 
Y.  470.  Of  America,  471,  1  a. 

Cred'iton,  town  of  England,  Y.  471. 

Creeks,  Indians,  Y.  471.  Massacre  of  Fort 
Mimms,  472,  1  a;  IX.  488,  2  c.  Subjuga¬ 
tion  and  dispersion,  Y.  472,  1  a,  ff. ;  IX.  489, 


CREEPER 


CRIMINAL 


237 


1  a,  b,  c.  Removal  from  Florida,  493,  1  c. 
Government,  V.  472,  2  b.  Language,  2  c. 
Ckeeper,  bird,  Y.  472  (ill.,  473).  Brown 
creeper,  473,  1  a.  Tree  creeper,  1  c.  Black 
and  white  creeper,  ib. 

Creeping  to  the  cross ,  VIII.  101,  1  c. 

Crefeld  [kra'-felt],  town  of  Prussia,  V.  473. 
Creighton,  John  [kra'-tun],  Irish  soldier  of 
fortune,  Y.  473. 

Crelle,  August  Leopold  [krel'-l&h],  Y.  473. 
Cremation:  see  Burial,  III.452, 1  c ;  453, 1  c,  2  b. 
Crema  [kra'-ma],  town  of  Italy,  Y.  473. 
Cremieux,  Isaac  Adolphe  [kra-myuh],  French 
lawyer  and  statesman,  Y.  473. 

Cremnitz  :  see  Kremnitz. 

Cremona  [krS-mo'-na],  province  of  Italy,  Y. 

474.  Capital  city,  2  a.  Belfry  tower,  2  b. 
Cre' nates :  see  Crenio  Acid. 

Cren'ic  Acid,  Y.  474. 

Crenilabrus  tinea  (ornithology),  XYI.  734,  2  a. 
Crenshaw,  county,  Y.  475. 

Cre'ole,  Y.  475.  Creole  negro,  1  ab,  2  ab. 
Creole  dialects,  2  b. 

Creole ,  slave  ship,  case  of  the,  VII.  802,  2  a. 
Cre'on,  mythical  king  of  Corinth,  Y.  475. 

Legendary  king  of  Thebes,  2  c.  See  CEdipus. 
Creosote,  Y.  475.  Use  in  preserving  meat, 

476,  1  ab;  as  a  medicine,  1  c.  Its  relations 
to  carbolic  acid,  III.  768,  1  b,  2  a;  769, 1  b. 

Creosoting ,  of  wood,  XIII.  824,  2  c. 

Crepid'ula  (conchology),  X.  486,  2  be  (ill.). 
Crepuscular  curve :  see  Twilight,  XYI.  86, 2  be. 
Cresap ,  Michael ,  captain,  X.  575,  1  c,  2  a. 
Crescent,  Y.  476.  Its  use  as  a  device  by  the 
Byzantines  and  Turks,  2  b ;  III.  519,  2  a. 
Orders  of  the,  Y.  476,  2  b. 

Crescent ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be.  (See 
plate.) 

Crescent  City  (New  Orleans),  XII.  321,  2  a. 
Crescent  City ,  county  seat,  Y.  783,  1  a. 
Crescentia  cujete  (botany),  III.  560,  2  c. 
Crescentini,  Girolamo  [kra-shen-te'-ne],  so¬ 
prano  singer,  Y.  476. 

Crescenzi,  Pietro  de’  [da  kr^-shen'-dze],  Italian 
agricultural  writer,  Y.  476. 

Cresol:  see  Carbolic  Acid,  III.  769,  1  c. 
Crespy  [kra-pe],  peace  of,  YII.  382, 1  c ;  418,  i  b. 
Cress,  plant,  Y.  476;  XIII.  280,  2  c.  Water 
cress  (ill.),  Y.  477. 

Cresson,  Elliott,  American  philanthropist,  Y. 

477. 

Cressy:  see  Crecy. 

Crest,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  b. 

Creswick,  Thomas,  English  painter,  Y.  477. 


Cresyl'ic  acicl:  see  Carbolic  Acid. 

Cretaceous  Group,  in  geology,  Y.  477 ;  IY. 

231,  2  be;  YII.  697,  2  ab;  VIII.  237,  1  c. 
Cretan  bull,  capture  of  the,  VIII.  679,  2  ab. 
Crete  :  see  Candia.  Labyrinth  of,  III.  696, 
1  a ;  X.  75,  1  b ;  XI.  614,  1  b  ;  I.  699,  2  c ; 
XV.  701,  2  a.  Original  settlers  of,  III.  696, 

1  c.  Dorian  conquest,  2  a.  Proverbial  Cre¬ 
tan  degeneracy  (“  always  liars,”  Tit.  i.  12), 
ib.  Roman  conquest,  2  ab.  Venetian  rule, 

2  b.  Turkish  oppression,  ib.  Insurrection 
of  1866— ’9,  2  be.  Action  of  the  great  Euro¬ 
pean  powers,  2  c.  Final  submission,  697, 
1  ab.  Government,  1  b. 

Cre 'tins  (Fr.  cretins,  kra-tang),  Y.  477.  Char¬ 
acteristics,  1  c.  Distribution,  ib.,  ff.  Causes 
of  cretinism,  478,  1  b.  Treatment,  1  c.  In¬ 
stitutions  for,  2  a;  VIII.  300,  2  a  (Guggen- 
buhl)  ;  I.  20,  1  c  (Abendberg). 

Creuse  [kriiz],  department  of  France,  Y.  478. 
Creutz,  Gustaf  Filip,  count  [kroits],  Swedish 
poet  and  diplomatist,  Y.  478. 

Creuzer,  Georg  Friedrich  [kroit'-ser],  Ger¬ 
man  philologist  and  antiquary,  Y.  478. 
Creuziger  [kroi'-tse-gher] :  see  Cruciger. 
Creuznach  [kroits'-nakh],  town  of  Prussia,  Y. 
479. 

CRkvECCEUR,  Hector  Saint- John  de  [kraiv-kur], 
French  agriculturist  and  traveller,  Y.  479. 
Crevecceur,  Philippe  de,  soldier,  Y.  479. 
Crewe,  town  of  England,  Y.  479. 

Crex  (ornithology),  Y.  455, 1  c  ;  XI Y.  170, 1  b. 

C.  pratensis,  Y.  455,  1  c  (ill.). 

Cribbage,  game,  Y.  479. 

Cricetus  [kri-se'-tus],  (zoology),  VIII.  433, 1  ab. 
C.  vulgaris,  1  be  (ill.). 

Crichton,  James  [krl'-tun],  the  “  admirable,” 
Y.  480. 

Crichton,  Sir  William,  chancellor  of  Scotland, 
IX.  514,  2  a. 

Cricket,  insect,  Y.  480  (ills.,  481). 

Cricket,  game,  Y.  482  (ill.). 

Ckillon  [kre-yong],  French  family,  Y.  482. 
Louis  des  Balbes  de  Berton  de  Crillon,  sol¬ 
dier,  2  c.  Louis,  second  duke  de,  483,  2  a. 
Crime'a,  peninsula  of  Russia,  Y.  483.  De¬ 
scription,  1  b.  Products,  484,  1  b.  Indus¬ 
try,  2  a.  People,  2  b.  History,  2  c.  Cri¬ 
mean  war,  485,  1  ab ;  YI.  618,  2  a ;  YII. 
755,  2  b  ;  XIY.  493,  2  a ;  XV.  62,  1  ab. 
Crim'ina  Icesce  majestatis :  see  Majesty. 
Criminal  Law,  Y.  485.  Severity  of  primitive 
laws,  2  ab.  Greek  and  Roman  laws,  486, 
1  be ;  Germanic,  487,  1  b ;  English,  488, 


238 


CRIMMITSCHAU 


CROPPER 


1  b ;  of  the  United  States,  489,  1  b.  Prin¬ 
ciples  recognized  in  criminal  law,  ib. ;  pri¬ 
vate  and  public  injuries,  ib. ;  degree  of  guilt, 

2  a ;  rules  of  evidence  and  mode  of  proceed¬ 
ing,  490,  2  a. 

Ceimmitschatj,  or  Crimmitzschau  [krim'-mit- 
showj,  town  of  Saxony,  Y.  491. 

Crimson  dye ,  of  the  ancients,  X.  76,  1  a. 

Modern,  IV.  779,  1  c ;  YI.  342,  1  c. 

Cringle ,  rope  in  a  ship,  XIY.  866,  1  a. 

Cri'nis  Berenices,  constellation,  II.  552,  2  a. 
Crinoidea  [kri-no-id'-e-a],  animals,  Y.  491  (ill.). 
Crispin  and  Crispinian,  tutelary  saints  of 
shoemakers,  Y.  491. 

Crissa,  ancient  town  of  Phocis,  Y.  491. 

Crith :  see  Molecule,  XI.  712,  1  b. 

Crith'mum  mariti’mum  (botany),  XIY.  593, 

1  b  (ill.). 

Critias,  leader  of  the  thirty  tyrants,  Y.  491. 
Critical  angle ,  X.  439,  2  c ;  XI.  629,  1  ab. 
Critical  period  (of  life  in  women),  I.  181,  1  b. 
Crito,  friend  of  Socrates,  Y.  491. 

Critola'us,  leader  of  an  Achaean  insurrection, 
Y.  491. 

Crittenden,  two  counties,  Y.  492. 

Crittenden,  John  Jordon,  American  states¬ 
man,  Y.  492.  George  B.  and  Thomas  L., 
generals,  2  c. 

Crivelli,  Carlo  [kre-vel'-le],  Italian  painter, 
Y.  492. 

Croatia  [kro-a'-sha],  province  of  Austria,  Y. 

493.  Croats,  2  a  (ill.).  History,  2  c. 
Croatian  language ,  XIY.  783,  1  b. 

Crocine  [kro'-sin],  coloring  matter,  XIY.  517, 

2  c. 

Crockards ,  coins,  XI.  738,  2  b. 

Crocker,  county,  Y.  494. 

Crockett,  David,  V.  494  ;  I.  236,  2  a  (Alamo). 
CrocTcford's,  London,  X.  608,  2  b. 

Crocodile,  V.  494.  Anatomy,  1  b.  Common 
crocodile  of  the  Nile,  496, 1  c  (ill.).  Double- 
crested,  497, 1  ab  (ill.).  Lozenged,  2  a.  Long- 
nosed,  2  ab.  Fossil  crocodiles,  Y.  497,  2  b; 
YII.  651,  2  a;  XY.  622,  1  ab  (ill.).  Croco¬ 
dile  of  the  West  Indies,  I.  333,  1  a.  Gange- 
tic:  see  Gavial.  Land,  XI.  749,  1  b. 
Crocodilians,  Y.  494,  2  a ;  497,  2  b ;  YII.  651, 
2  c.  Fossil,  XY.  621,  2  c. 

Crocodilop’ olis ,  ancient  city  (Arsinoe),  I.  771, 
1  a ;  YII.  102,  2  c. 

Crocodilus  vulgaris ,  Y.  496,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  pa- 
lustris,  2  b.  C.  marginatus,  2  be.  C.  bipor- 
catus,  497,  1  ab  (ill.).  C.  rhombifer,  2  a.  C. 
acutus,  2  ab.  C.  catapliractus  and  C.  Jour- 


nei,  2  b.  C.  lucius,  I.  333,  1  a.  C.  priscus, 
YII.  651,  2  a. 

Crocus,  genus  of  plants,  Y.  498  (ill.).  C.  ver- 
nus  and  Susianus,  1  a.  C.  sativus,  ib. ;  XIY. 
517,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  odorus,  Y.  498,  1  b. 
Crcesus,  king  of  Lydia,  Y.  498. 

Croft,  William,  English  composer,  Y.  498. 
Crofting ,  in  bleaching,  II.  703,  2  c. 

Cro'ghan,  George,  American  soldier,  Y.  498. 
Croker,  John  Wilson,  British  statesman  and 
author,  V.  499. 

Croker,  Thomas  Crofton,  Irish  author,  Y.  499. 
Croly,  George,  English  clergyman  and  author, 
Y.  499. 

Crom'arty  :  see  Ross  and  Cromarty. 
Cromlech  [krom'-lek],  Y.  500;  IX.  355,  1  a; 
XVI.  426,  2  b.  Kit’s  Coty  House,  Y.  500, 
1  c  (ill.).  Derivation  of  the  word,  YII.  198, 

1  c.  Cromlech  at  Tongataboo  (ill.),  493, 1  b. 
Crompton ,  Samuel ,  inventor,  Y.  412,  1  a. 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  lord  protector  of  England, 

Y.  500.  In  parliament,  501,  1  b.  In  the 
army,  2  a.  Charles  I.  delivered  up  to  parlia¬ 
ment,  503,  2  c.  Cromwell’s  political  aims, 
504,  1  b.  Campaign  against  the  Scotch, 

2  ab.  Charles  I.  tried  and  executed,  2  c. 
Second  campaign  against  the  Scotch,  505, 
1  ab.  Battle  of  Worcester,  the  “crowning 
mercy,”  2  c.  Made  lord  protector,  506,  1  c. 
His  foreign  policy,  507,  1  be. — His  manage¬ 
ment  of  cavalry,  IY.  145,  1  b.  Tolerance  in 
religion,  II.  626,  1  c.  Kindness  to  George 
Fox,  YII.  361,  2  ab.  Plan  for  a  universal 
Protestant  missionary  society,  XI.  640,  2  b. 
Lely’s  portrait  of,  X.  333,  2  c.  See  Navp 
gation  Laws,  XII.  182,  1  c ;  Polyglot,  XIII. 
687,  2  c. — Richard,  second  lord  protector, 
Y.  507,  2  c.  Oliver,  his  son,  508,  2  a.  Hen¬ 
ry,  lord  deputy  of  Ireland,  ib. 

Cromwell,  Thomas,  earl  of  Essex,  Y.  509.  His 
services  to  the  English  church  and  state,  510, 
1  a.  Advice  to  Henry  YIII.  on  the  divorce 
question,  YIII.  651,  1  c. — Gregory  Crom¬ 
well,  baron,  Y.  510,  1  b. 

Cronos ,  in  Orphic  cosmogony,  XII.  711,  1  a. 
Cronstadt  [krone'-stat],  seaport  of  Russia, 
Y.  510  (view). 

Cronstadt,  Transylvania:  see  Kronstadt. 
Cronstedt  (Axel  Fredrik,  1722-65),  mineralo¬ 
gist,  XI.  589,  1  b ;  XII.  431,  1  c,  432,  1  a. 
Cronus ,  in  Greek  mythology :  see  Saturn. 
Crooks,  George  Richard,  American  clergyman, 
Y.  511. 

Cropper,  kind  of  pigeon,  XIII.  504,  2  c. 


CROPS 


CRUCIBLE 


239 


Crops,  rotation  of,  I.  198,  1  b;  triennial  and 
quadrennial  rotation  of  in  Germany,  VII. 
747,  2  c.  Enriching  and  exhausting  crops, 
I.  198,  1  c.  Composition  of,  and  value  as 
food,  2  c,  ff. 

Ceopsey,  Jasper  Frank,  American  artist,  V.  511. 

Crosby,  Howard,  American  clergyman  and 
author,  V.  511. 

Crosier ,  bishop’s,  II.  663,  2  c. 

Crosland,  Mrs.  Newton  (Camilla  Toulmin), 
English  authoress,  V.  511. 

Cross,  V.  511.  Forms  of,  2  c,  ff.  (ills.).  As 
an  instrument  of  punishment,  512,  2  b.  Tbe 
chosen  symbol  of  Christianity,  513,  1  a. 
With  other  sacred  symbols,  1  b.  Its  use  in 
the  Roman  church,  1  c.  Legend  of  the  dis¬ 
covery  of  the  true  cross,  2  a.  Feasts  of,  1  c, 
2  be.  Architectural  crosses,  2  c.  Waltham 
cross,  514,  1  a  (ill.). 

Cross ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a;  673,  2  ab. 
Per  cross,  671,  2  c.  (See  plate.)  Crosses  of 
St.  George,  St.  Andrew,  and  St.  Patrick,  VII. 
249,  2  c.  Cross  of  Savoy,  I.  373,  la;  F.  E. 
R.  T.,  device  of,  ib. 

Cross,  county,  V.  514. 

Cross,  iron,  institution  of  the  order,  II.  756, 1  c. 

Crossbill,  bird,V.  514.  American,  2  b  (ill.).  Eu¬ 
ropean,  ib.  White-winged,  515, 1  a  (ill.,  514). 

Crossbow  :  see  Archery,  I.  649,  1  b  (ill.). 

Cross  Creek:  see  Fayetteville,  VII.  102,  2  b. 

Crosse,  Andrew,  English  electrician,  V.  515. 

Crosses,  in  hybridization,  IX.  103,  1  c. 

Cross  hatching,  in  engraving,  VI.  648,  2  be. 

Cross-jack  yard,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  a. 

Cross  Keys,  Virginia,  battle  of,  V.  515. 

Cross  moline,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be. 
(See  plate.) 

Crossop'tilon  (ornithology),  XIII.  209,  1  c.  C. 
auritum,  2  ab. 

Cross  Timbers,  the,  Texas,  XIV.  236,  2  ab ; 
XV.  670,  2  c. 

Crossmile,  county  seat,  V.  567,  1  a. 

Cross-vine:  see  Trumpet  Flower,  XVI.  16, 1  c. 

Croswell,  Edwin,  American  journalist,  V.  516. 

Croswell,  Harry,  American  journalist  and 
clergyman,  V.  516. 

Crotalaria  juncea  (botany),  VIII.  633,  2  c  (ill.). 

Crotaline  [krot'-a-lin],  rattlesnake’s  poison, 
XIV.  216,  1  c. 

Crotaloph' orus  (zoology),  XIV.  216,  1  a.  C. 
miliarius,  1  ab.  C.  tergeminus,  1  b. 

Crot'alus  (zoology),  XIV.  214,  2  a.  C.  (urop- 
sophus)  durissus,  215,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  adaman- 
teus  and  C.  horridus,  2  c. 


CnoTcn,  William,  English  composer,  V.  516. 

Croton,  river  of  New  York,  V.  516.  Aque¬ 
duct,  I.  613,  2  b  (ill.).  Lake,  614, 1  a.  Wa¬ 
ter  works,  XII.  394,  1  b. 

Croton  (botany),  IV.  86,  2  c.  C.  Eleutheria, 
51,  2  c  (ill.,  52).  C.  tiglium,  V.  516,  2  be 
(ill.,  517). 

Croton ,  ancient  city :  see  Crotona. 

Croto'na,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  V.  516. 

Croton  Oil,  V.  516.  Plant,  2  be  (ill.,  517). 
Pseudo  croton  oil,  517,  1  b. 

Croup,  V.  517.  Spasmodic,  1  c.  Catarrhal, 
2  a.  Inflammatory,  2  ab.  True  croup,  2  b ; 
false  croup,  ib.  Treatment,  518, 1  b.  Spasm 
of  the  glottis  (“  holding  the  breath  ”),  2  be. 
Bloodroot  as  a  remedy  for,  II.  739,  1  be. 

Croupier,  in  horse  armor,  I.  734,  1  a. 

Crousaz,  Jean  Pierre  de  [kroo-za],  Swiss  phi¬ 
losopher  and  mathematician,  V.  519. 

Crow,  bird,  V.  519.  American,  1  b  (ill.).  Eu¬ 
ropean,  520,  1  c.  Hooded,  2  c  (ill.,  521). 
Fish  crow,  521,  1  c.  Carrion  crow  of  Cey¬ 
lon,  2  c.  Red-legged,  IV.  521,  1  c. 

Crow  Blackbird  :  see  Grakle. 

Crowd:  see  Violin,  XVI.  363,  2  b. 

Crowe,  Catharine,  English  authoress,  V.  522. 

Crowe,  Eyre  Evans,  English  historian,  V.  522. 

Crowfoot,  plant,  XIV.  202,  1  c;  creeping,  2  c. 

Crowing  hen,  IV.  782,  1  a. 

Crowland:  see  Croyland. 

Crown,  V.  522.  Roman  crowns,  2  c  (ills.). 
Imperial  and  royal  crowns,  523,1  be.  British 
crown,  2  a.  Papal,  2  b. 

Crown,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  ab. 

Crow  Nest,  hill  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Crown  Point,  town  of  New  York,  V.  523. 

Crown  Point,  county  seat,  X.  109,  2  c. 

Crowns,  of  lily  of  the  valley,  X.  474,  1  a. 

Crown  wheel,  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IV.  696,  2  b. 

Crows,  tribe  of  Indians,  V.  523  (ill.,  524) ; 
IX.  787,  2  c. 

Crowth,  Celtic  musical  instrument,  XII.  88, 1  b. 

Crow  Wing,  county,  V.  524. 

Crow  Wing,  county  seat,  V.  524,  2  a. 

Croydon,  town  of  England,  V.  524. 

Croyland,  town  of  England,  V.  524.  Croy¬ 
land  abbey,  2  c  (ill.).  Bridge,  III.  270,  2  c. 

Crozat,  Antoine  [kriih-za],  II.  629,  2  b,  be. 

Crozet  [kriih-za] :  see  Krozet. 

Cruachan  Ben  [kroo'-kan],  mountain  of  Scot¬ 
land,  I.  698,  1  b. 

Crucible,  V.  525;  XI.  426,  1  b.  Earthen¬ 
ware  crucibles,  V.  525,  1  ab ;  black-lead, 
2  a ;  chemical,  2  b ;  Hessian,  IV.  649,  2  c. 


2-10 


CRUCIBULUM 


CRYSTALS 


Crucib'ulum ,  fungus,  VII.  533,  2  ab. 

Crucifix,  Y.  525. 

Crucifixion,  Y.  525.  See  Cross,  512,  2  be. 

Cruciger,  Kaspar  [kroo'-tse-gher],  German 
theologian,  Y.  52G.  Georg,  professor  of 
philosophy,  1  c. 

Cruden,  Alexander,  author  of  “  Concordance,” 
Y.  526. 

Cruger,  John  [kru'-gher],  colonial  mayor  of 
New  York,  Y.  526.  John  Harris,  loyalist, 
2  c.  Henry,  merchant,  527,  1  a. 

CruicJcshanlc  asylum ,  Aberdeen,  I.  21,  2  c. 

CruiclcsJianJcs :  see  Cruikshank,  William. 

Cruiksiiank,  George  [krook'-shank],  English 
caricaturist,  Y.  527.  (Died  1878.) 

Cruiksiiank,  William,  Scottish  anatomist,  V. 
527. 

CruikshanFs  battery ,  VII.  589,  1  a  (ill.). 

Cruorine  [kru'-o-rin],  in  blood,  XII.  771,  1  ab. 

Crura  cerebelli ,  in  anatomy,  III.  190,  2  be. 

Crusade,  coin,  Y.-  527. 

Crusades,  Y.  527.  Ill  treatment  of  Chris¬ 
tians  in  Palestine,  528,  1  a.  Peter  the  Her¬ 
mit,  1  b.  Council  of  Clermont,  2  a.  Walter 
the  Penniless,  2  b.  First  crusade,  2  c ;  sec¬ 
ond,  529,  1  be  (see  Bernard,  Saint,  II.  574, 

1  a-b) ;  third,  2  a ;  fourth,  2  c ;  fifth,  530, 1  c, 
and  X.  184,  2  a ;  sixth,  Y.  530,  2  be ;  seventh, 

2  c,  and  X.  652,  1  c;  eighth,  Y.  531,  1  c,  and 
X.  653, 1  a.  Children’s  crusade,  Y.  530,  1  c. 
Immediate  cause  of  the  crusades,  XIY.  757, 
2  be.  Influence  on  emancipation,  775,  1  a. 
Overthrow  of  the  feudal  system  hastened 
by  them,  VII.  162,  1  be. 

Crusenstolpe,  Magnus  Jacob  [kroo'-zen-stole- 
peh],  Swedish  author,  Y.  532. 

Crusius,  Christian  August  [kroo'-ze-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  theologian  and  philosopher,  Y.  532. 

Crust ,  in  wine,  XYI.  666,  2  be. 

Crusta'cea,  Y.  532.  Milne-Edwards’s  sub¬ 
divisions,  2  b.  Organs,  2  c.  Sense  of  sight, 
533,  1  a;  VII.  48,  1  b. 

Cmsta  petrosa ,  of  teeth,  XY.  606,  1  c. 

Cruveiliiier,  Jean  [kru-va-lya],  French  physi¬ 
cian,  V.  533.  (Died  1874.) 

Cruvel'li,  Sophie,  Baroness  Yigier,  German 
vocalist,  Y.  534. 

Crux  (cross),  Y.  511,  2  c.  C.  decussata,  512, 
1  a ;  immissa,  ib. ;  commissa,  or  patibulata, 
ib. ;  ansata,  b-c,  and  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Cruz,  Juana  Inez  de  la  [kroos],  Mexican  poet¬ 
ess,  V.  534. 

Cruzada  [kroo-tha'-£Aa] :  see  Lent,  X.  344, 
1  be. 


Cruzian'a ,  fossil  footprints,  VII.  342,  2  b. 
Cry'olite,  mineral,  Y.  534.  Alum  obtained 
from  it,  I.  365,  2  ab.  Alumina  prepared 
from  it,  366,  2  c.  Aluminum  from  it,  368, 
1  a.  Exportation  of  from  Greenland,  VIII. 
233,  1  b. 

Cryoph'orus ,  water  freezer,  XYI.  699,  1  c. 
Cryptobran' chus  (zoology),  XI.  392,  2  b.  C. 

Japonicus,  393,  1  a.  C.  primigenius,  2  a. 
Crypto-Calvinists,  Y.  534.  Crypto-Calvinis- 
tic  controversy,  2  b,  and  X.  639,  1  c,  733, 

1  be. 

Cryptococcus :  see  Fermentation,  YII.  146, 

2  c  (ill.).  Referred  to,  XYI.  775,  2  be. 
Cryptog’ amous  plants,  X.  408,  1  c. 
Crytop>hyllus  concavus  (entomology),  IX.  772, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Crypto’pia,  alkaloid,  XII.  650,  1  b. 

Cryp'topus  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  a. 

Cryptu'rus  (ornithology),  XY.  765,  1  be. 
Crystalline  Lens,  Y.  535 ;  XYI.  392,  1  c. 
Crystallization ,  Y.  535,  2  a:  see  Magnetism, 
XI.  7,  2  b.  Originator  of  the  theory  of,  II. 
558,  2  a.  Geometrical  law  of  discovered, 
VIII.  517,  2  a. 

Crystallograph’ic  axis ,  X.  441,  2  a. 
Crystallography,  Y.  535.  General  princi¬ 
ples,  2  b.  Its  mathematical  basis,  537,  2  c. 
Systems  of  (ills.) :  isometric,  536,  1  ab  ; 
tetragonal,  1  c ;  orthorhombic  or  trimetric, 
2  a ;  monoclinic,  2  b  ;  triclinic,  2  c ;  hex¬ 
agonal,  ib. ;  rhombohedron,  537,  1  a.  Con¬ 
stancy  of  the  relative  values  of  the  axes,  2  a. 
Variety  of  forms,  2  c.  Modifications  in  de¬ 
rivative  or  secondary  forms,  538,  1  b  (ills.). 
Relation  of  derivative  forms  to  one  another, 
2  c  (ill.,  539).  Relation  of  the  physical 
character  of  crystals  to  the  forms  and  axes, 
539,  1  ab.  Variations  in  the  angles  of  the 
crystals,  1  b.  Compound  crystals,  2  a  (ills.). 
Aggregations  of  crystalline  particles,  540, 

1  b.  Modes  of  crystallization,  2  ab.  Origin 
of  the  modifications  of  crystals,  541,  1  a. 
Application  of  mathematics  to  crystallog¬ 
raphy,  2  c.  See  Mineralogy,  XI.  589, 1  b,  c, 

2  a.  Use  of  chromatic  polarization  in  crys 
tallography,  X.  450,  2  ab. 

Crystalloids ,  YI.  71,  1  c,  ff. 

Crystal  palace ,  England,  I.  251,  2  b;  IX.  258, 
2  c,  259,  1  c. 

Crystals:  see  Crystallography.  Uniaxial, 
X.  441,  2  a;  442,  1  c ;  446,  2  a  (ills.) ;  449, 
1  a;  450,  1  a.  Biaxial,  441,  2  a;  442,  1  c; 
449,  2  a,  c  (ills.) ;  451,  2  a,  c  (ill.) ;  452, 


CRYTOPHYLLUS 


CULDEES 


241 


1  a,  ff.  (ills.).  Negative  and  positive,  442, 

1  be.  Right-  and  left-handed,  450,  1  ab. 
Crytophyl'lus  conca'vus  (entomology),  IX.  772, 

2  b  (ill.). 

Crytops  (rnyriapoda),  IY.  203,  2  c. 

Csaba  [chob'-aw],  town  of  Hungary,  Y.  541. 
Csanad  [chon'-ad],  county  of  Hungary,  Y.  542. 
Town,  1  a. 

Csokonai,  Yit6z  Mihaly  [cho'-ko-naw-e],  Hun¬ 
garian  poet,  Y.  542. 

Csoma  de  Koros,  Sandor  [cho'-maw  dSh  ko'- 
rosh],  Hungarian  traveller  and  orientalist, 
Y.  542. 

Csongrad  [chon'-grad],  county  of  Hungary, 
Y.  542.  Town,  2  c. 

Cteis  [te'-is] :  see  Phallic  Worship,  XIII.  380, 
2  c. 

Ctenoids  :  see  Comparative  Anatomy,  Y. 
183,  2  c. 

CtenoVabrus  cceru'leus  (ichthyology),  XIII.  284, 
1  b  (ill.) ;  XYI.  734,  2  a. 

Ctenoph'or^:,  jelly  fishes,  Y.  543.  Pleuro- 
brachia,  1  a  (ill.). 

Ctenos ,  city,  supposed  site  of,  IX.  285,  1  c. 
Ctesias,  Greek  physician  and  historian,  Y. 
543.  His  knowledge  of  lightning  rods,  X. 
465,  2  b. 

Ctesibius,  Alexandrian  mathematician  and  in¬ 
ventor,  Y.  543.  His  improvement  of  the 
clepsydra,  IY.  670,  1  a.  See  Hydromechan¬ 
ics,  IX.  115,  2  ab. 

Ctesiphon  [tes'-e-fon],  Athenian  orator,  Y. 
543;  799,  1  be. 

Ctesiphon,  ancient  city  of  Assyria,  Y.  543. 
Cu'ba  [Sp.  koo'-ba],  Y.  543.  Coasts,  544,  1  a. 
Topography,  1  c.  Geology,  2  b.  Minerals, 

545,  1  b.  Climate,  1  c.  Flora,  2  c.  Fauna, 

546,  1  ab.  Inhabitants,  2  a.  Slave  trade 
and  slavery,  547,  1  a.  Productive  industry, 
1  c.  Mines,  548,  1  c.  Commerce,  2  ab. 
Education,  549,  2  ab.  Literature,  550,  1  ab. 
Government,  2  a.  Army  and  navy,  551, 

1  ab.  Banks,  1  c.  Intercommunication, 

2  a.  History,  2  c.  American  opposition  to 
its  transfer  to  any  foreign  power,  553,  1  c. 
Projected  acquisition  of  by  the  United  States, 
2  c,  and  I.  103,  2  c.  Lopez  expedition,  V. 
553,  2  ab.  Cuban  revolution,  554,  1  a,  ff. 
Yirginius  affair,  XIY.  621,  2  c. 

Cuban  bloodhound ,  so  called,  II.  737,  1  b. 
Cubature  of  solids,  Y.  555,  2  c. 

Cube,  in  geometry,  Y.  555.  In  arithmetic  and 
algebra,  2  c.  Cubic  equation  first  solved, 
XI.  276,  1  c. 

16 


Cubebs,  Y.  555.  Piper  cubeba,  2  c  (ill.,  556). 
Cubit,  ancient  measure,  Y.  556 ;  XYI.  538,  2  a. 
Cuboid  bones ,  YIII.  825,  2  b. 

Cucking  Stool,  instrument  of  punishment,  Y. 
556. 

Cuckoo  [kook'-oo],  bird,  Y.  556.  European, 
2  c  (ill.).  Habit  of  laying  its  eggs  in  nests 
of  other  birds,  557,  1  b  ;  I.  513,  lb;  II.  657, 
1  a.  American,  557,  1  c ;  yellow-billed,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  black-billed,  2  c ;  mangrove,  558,  1  a. 
Cuckoo's  mate:  see  Wryneck,  bird. 

Cucujo,  West  Indian  firefly,  VII.  213,  1  c. 
Cu'culus  (ornithology),  Y.  556,  2  ab.  C.  ca- 
norus,  2  c  (ill.).  Parasitic  habits  of,  557, 1  b; 
II.  657,  1  a. 

Cu'cumber,  Y.  558.  Common,  1  c  (ill.). 
Squirting  cucumber,  559,  1  a  (ill.,  558). 
Medical  and  cosmetic  use,  558,  2  c.  Cucum¬ 
ber  ointment,  559,  1  a. 

Cucumber  tree ,  XI.  19,  2  b.  Yellow,  20,  1  b. 
Cu’cumis  (botany),  Y.  558,  1  b.  C.  sativus, 
1  c  (ill.).  C.  melo,  XI.  372,  1  b. 

Cucur'bita  (botany),  YIII.  131,  2  a;  XIY.  87, 
1  c.  C.  pepo,  2  a  (ill.).  See  Squash. 
Cucurbita' cece,  gourd  family,  YIII.  131,  1  a. 
Cudbear  [kud'-bare],  dyestuff,  Y.  559  (ill.). 

See  Archil,  I.  650,  2  c ;  651,  1  a. 
Cuddalore',  town  of  Hindostan,  Y.  559. 
Cud'dapah,  district  of  Hindostan,  Y.  559. 
Town,  2  b. 

Cudworth,  Ralph,  English  divine  and  philoso¬ 
pher,  Y.  559.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI. 
807,  2  ab,  811,  2  c;  Philosophy,  XIII.  433, 
1  a,  440,  2  be. 

Cue ,  in  billiards,  II.  641,  2  c  (ill.) ;  642,  1  a. 
Cuenca  [kwain'-ka],  province  of  Spain,  Y.  560. 

Capital,  2  b  (view). 

Cuenca,  city  of  Ecuador,  Y.  560. 

Cueva,  Juan  de  la  [la  kwa'-va],  Spanish  poet, 
Y.  561. 

CuFAn :  see  Cufic  Inscriptions. 

Cuffee,  Paul,  American  Indian  preacher,  Y. 
561.  Paul,  negro  sea  captain,  1  be.  His  ap¬ 
peal  from  the  custom  house  officer  to  Presi¬ 
dent  Madison,  1  c. 

Cufic  Inscriptions  and  Coins,  Y.  561 ;  I.  623, 
1  a. 

Cugnot ,  Nicolas  Joseph  [ku-nyo],  his  steam  car¬ 
riage,  XV.  335,  2  c  (ill.,  336). 

Cuiaba:  see  Cuyaba. 

Cujacius:  see  Cujas. 

Cujas,  Jacques  [kii-zlias],  French  jurist,  Y.  562. 
Cula'ro :  see  Grenoble. 

Cul'dees,  religious  fraternity,  Y.  562. 


242 


CULET 


CUP 


Culet ,  of  the  diamond,  VI.  75,  1  be. 

Culex  (entomology),  VI.  129,  1  b ;  VIII.  49, 
2  b,  ff.  C.  pipiens  and  C.  Americana,  VI. 
129,  1  b. 

Culhuas  [kool'-was],  Indian  race,  XI.  472,  1  be. 
Culiacan  [koo-le-a-kan'J,  city  of  Mexico,  V.  563. 
Culis'idce  (entomology),  VIII.  49,  2  b. 

Cullen,  Paul,  Irish  Catholic  prelate,  V.  563. 
Cullen,  William,  Scottish  physician,  V.  563. 

His  theory  of  inflammation,  IX.  275,  1  a. 
Cullenite8  and  Brownites ,  III.  337,  1  b. 
Cullera  [koo-lya'-ra],  town  of  Spain,  V.  564. 
Cullet,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  13,  2  c. 
Cullo'den  House,  V.  564.  Battle  of  Culloden, 

1  a,  568,  1  c;  IV.  312,  2  a;  VII.  706,  1  be. 
“  Culloden  Papers ,”  VII.  312,  1  be. 

Culm  [koolm],  city  of  Prussia,  V.  564. 

Culm,  town  of  Bohemia :  see  Ivulm. 

Culm  [kilim],  of  grasses,  VIII.  166,  1  a. 
Culmination ,  in  astronomy,  XV.  841,  2  a. 
Cul'na,  town  of  British  India,  V.  564. 
Culpeper  [kul'-pep-er],  county,  V.  564. 
Culpeper,  John, colonial  political  leader,  V.  564. 
Culpeper,  Thomas,  lord,  colonial  governor,  V. 

564. 

Cultivator :  see  Plough,  XIII.  616,  2  ab. 
Cultos  [kool'-toce],  Spanish  poets,  XV.  221,  2  c. 
Culturgeschichte  [kool-toor'-gSh-shbh-tSh],  in 
German  literature,  VII.  771,  1  c. 

Cul'verin ,  I.  785,  2  a,  be,  786, 1  a;  III.  706  (ill.). 
Culvert ,  of  a  canal,  III.  681,  1  c,  2  c. 

Cum^,  or  Cuma,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  V.  564. 

Bemains  of  Greek  tomb  (ill.),  565. 

Cumana  [koo-ma-na/],  state  of  Venezuela,  V. 

565.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Cuma'nia,  Great  and  Little,  districts  of  Hun¬ 
gary,  V.  565. 

Cumans ,  race,  V.  566,  1  a. 

Cumberland,  eight  counties,  V.  566. 
Cumberland,  county  of  Xova  Scotia,  V.  567. 
Cumberland,  county  of  England,  V.  567. 
Cumberland,  city  of  Maryland,  V.  567. 
Cumberland ,  Ernest  Augustus ,  duke  of:  see 
Ernest  Augustus. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  English  divine,  V.  567; 

XI.  811,  2  be.  Richard,  dramatist,  568, 1  b. 
Cumberland,  William  Augustus,  duke  of,  V.568. 
Cumberland  Court  House ,  county  seat,  V.  566, 

2  b. 

Cumberland  Mountains,  V.  568. 

Cumberland  Presbyterians,  V.  568. 
Cumberland  River,  V.  569. 

Cumberland  university ,  X.  280,  2  b. 

Cum'ing,  county,  V.  569. 


Cuming,  Hugh,  English  naturalist,  V.  569. 

Cum'in  Seed,  V.  569  (ill.). 

Cu'minum  cym'inum  (botany),  V.  569  (ill.). 

Camming ,  county  seat,  VII.  326,  1  a. 

Cumming,  John,  British  clergyman  and  author, 
V.  569 ;  XI.  550,  2  ab. 

Cumming,  Roualeyn  George  Gordon,  English 
sportsman  and  author,  V.  570. 

Cummings,  Joseph,  American  clergyman,  V.570. 

Cummins,  Maria  S.,  American  novelist,  V.  570. 

Cunctator ,  title  of  Fabius,  VII.  51,  2  b. 

Cundinamar'ca,  state  of  Colombia,  V.  570. 

Cunduran'go,  supposed  cancer  cure,  V.  570. 

Cuneat'ic  inscriptions :  see  Cuneiform  Inscrip¬ 
tions. 

Cunego,  Domenico  [koo-na'-go],  Italian  en¬ 
graver,  V.  570. 

Cunegunda,  empress  of  Germany,  VIII.  657, 
2  b  and  be ;  658,  1  a. 

Cuneiform  Inscriptions  [ku-ne'-e-form],  V. 
570.  Persian  cuneiform  writing,  571,  1  b,  c. 
Theories  respecting,  2  a.  Decipherment  of, 
2  c,  ft.  Persian  alphabet,  573.  Scythian 
writing,  571,  1  b;  574,  2  c.  Assyrian  or 
Babylonian,  575,  1  ab.  Specimens  with 
translations,  575,  577.  Account  of  the  del¬ 
uge,  577,  1  c  (ill.). 

Cuneo  [koo'-na-o] :  see  Coni. 

Cunette ',  in  fortification,  VII.  329,  1  c. 

Cunningham,  Allan,  Scottish  poet  and  prose 
writer,  V.  578.  Alexander,  soldier  and  au¬ 
thor,  2  b.  Peter,  author,  2  c. 

Cunningham ,  Hiss  Ann  Pamela,  projector  of 
the  purchase  of  Mt.  Vernon,  VI.  800,  1  b. 

CuNNiNGnAM,  John,  British  poet,  V.  578. 

Cunningham  correspondence,  I.  96,  2  c. 

Cunobelin,  British  king,  mint  of,  XI.  616,  1  b. 

Cunocephali :  see  Cynocephali. 

Cup,  in  the  eucliarist,  withheld  from  the  laity, 
X.  640,  1  a-b. 

Cu'par,  borough  of  Scotland,  V.  578. 

Cup  battery ,  VII.  588,  2  b. 

Cupel  and  Cupellation  :  see  Assaying,  II. 
27,  1  c ;  Ashes,  II.  5,  2  b ;  III.  62,  1  a ;  X. 
260,  1  ab.  Process  of,  II.  747,  2  a.  Ger¬ 
man  cupelling  furnace,  X.  260,  1  b. 

Cupid  :  see  Eros. 

Cupid  and  Psyche ,  story  of :  see  Psyche.  Its 
author,  I.  607,  2  c. 

Cu'pola,  in  distinction  from  dome,  VI.  195,  2  b. 

Cupola,  a  form  of  blast  furnace,  IV.  74,  1  c, 
2  c  (ills.)  ;  75,  1  a  and  c. 

Cupping,  V.  579  ;  II.  738,  1  b. 

Cup  plant ,  XV.  46,  2  b. 


CUPRESSUS 


CURTIUS 


243 


Cupressus  (botany),  V.  613,  1  c.  0.  sempervi- 
rens,  2  a  (ills.).  0.  horizontalis,  614,  1  a 
(ill.).  C.  Lusitanica,  ib.,  and  IV.  164,  2  c, 
165,  2  ab.  0.  pendula,  V.  614,  1  a.  C. 
thyoideo,  IV.  164,  2  c.  0.  Nutkatensis,  I. 
241,  2  a. 

Cupulif'erm  (botany),  XII.  551,  1  b. 

Curagao  [Sp.  koo-ra-sow'] :  see  Curaqoa. 
Curaqoa  [koo-ra-so'-a],  island,  Y.  579.  Li¬ 
queur,  2  a. 

Curari  [koo-ra'-re] :  see  Woorara. 

Curarine  [ku-ra'-rin],  poisonous  principle, 
XYI.  724,  1  a. 

Curassou  [Dutch,  koo-ras-sow'] :  see  CuRAgoA. 
Curassow',  bird,  Y.  579.  Crested,  2  c  (ill., 
580).  Globose,  580,  1  b.  Red,  2  a  (ill.). 
"Wattled,  ib.  Cushew  curassow,  2  b  (ill.) 
Razor-billed,  2  c  (ill.). 

Curate,  in  the  church  of  England,  Y.  581. 
Curazoa  [Sp.  koo-ra-so'-a] :  see  CuRAgoA. 
Curbstone  broker ,  XV.  388,  2  b. 

Curcu'lio,  beetle,  Y.  581  (ill.)  ;  II.  477,  2  b; 

XIII.  621,  1  a.  C.  pales,  XVI.  536,  1  c. 
Cur'cuma  (botany),  XYI.  69,  2  be  (ill.).  C. 

longa,  ib. ;  Y.  586,  2  b.  C.  rotunda,  ib. 
Curcumine  [kur'-ku-min],  coloring  matter, 
XYI.  70,  1  b. 

Cures  [ku'-reez],  ancient  town,  Y.  582. 
Curetes  [ku-re'-teez],  priests  of  Cybele,  Y. 
582 ;  604,  1  a. 

Curetes ,  ancient  people,  I.  156,  1  b. 

Curfew,  evening  bell,  Y.  582 ;  VII.  210,  1  b ; 
XYI.  629,  2  be. 

Curia:  see  Curue,  and  Patricians,  XIII.  167, 
2  c.  C.  Hostilia,  C.  Julia,  and  C.  Pompeiana, 
XIY.  410,  2  c. 

Curias,  in  ancient  Rome,  Y.  582 ;  XIY.  410, 
2  be. 

Curia  Rhcetorum :  see  Coire. 

Curiatii  [ku-re-a'-she-I] :  see  Horatii  (Index). 
Curing  house ,  in  sugar  making,  XY.  446,  2  b. 
Curio,  C.  Scribonius,  Roman  general  and 
statesman,  Y.  582.  C.  Scribonius  (2d),  2  c. 
Curius  Dentatus  :  see  Dentatus. 

Curl ,  disease  of  the  peach,  XIII.  207,  2  c. 

Curl  cloud ,  IY.  710,  2  c. 

Curlew,  bird,  Y.  583.  Long-billed,  1  c  (ill.). 
Esquimaux,  2  ab  (ill.).  Hudsonian,  584, 1  a. 
Largest  European,  1  b.  Whimbrel,  1  be. 
Pink  curlew,  IX.  143,  2  c ;  white,  ib. ;  Span¬ 
ish,  ib. 

Curling,  game,  Y.  584. 

Curragh  of  Kildare,  IX.  831,  1  b. 

Curran,  John  Philpot,  Irish  orator,  V.  584. 


Currant,  V.  585.  Red,  1  b  (ill.).  Black,  2  a 
(ill.).  Fetid,  2  b.  Other  varieties.  Currant 
wine,  586, 1  b.  Zante  currants :  see  Raisin, 
XIY.  189,  2  c. 

Currency  :  see  Money. 

Current  River,  Y.  586. 

Currents,  Ocean  :  see  Atlantic  Ocean,  II. 
72,  2  a,  if.  Cause  of,  73,  2  b.  Behring 
strait,  XIII.  655,  1  a.  Origin  of  northern,  II. 
77,  2  a.  Antarctic  current,  73,  1  b ;  XIII. 
657,  2  b.  Equatorial  currents,  II.  73,  1  a-c. 
Brazilian  current,  1  a,  and  XIII.  657,  2  b ; 
Guinea,  II.  73,  1  a;  South  Atlantic,  1  b; 
southern  connecting,  1  b  ;  Rennel’s,  2  a ; 
La  Plata,  XIII.  657,  2  b.  Polar  currents, 
II.  73,  1  c ;  75,  1  a,  1  c,  2  c ;  77,  1  a,  b,  c, 
2  c ;  XIII.  654,  1  c,  ff.  Influence  of  ocean 
currents  in  the  polar  seas,  XIII.  654,  1  a ; 
657,  2  b.  Currents  in  the  Pacific  and  Indian 
oceans  :  Agulhas  current,  IX.  244,  2  b  ;  East 
Australian,  ib .,  and  XIII.  657,  2  b  ;  South 
Australian,  ib .,  and  XII.  781,  1  c;  Cape 
Horn,  ib .,  and  XIII.  657,  2  b ;  Humboldt  or 
Peruvian,  XII.  781,  1  c;  Japan,  2  ab  ;  Kam- 
tchatka,  ib. ;  Madagascar,  XIII.  657,  2  be ; 
Malabar,  IX.  244,  2  b  ;  Mozambique,  2  ab, 
and  XIII.  657,  2  be  ;  northern  or  current  of 
Mentor,  XII.  781,  1  c  ;  north  equatorial, 
2  a,  and  IX.  244,  2  b ;  south  equatorial,  ib ., 
2  a,  and  XII.  781,  1  c. 

Currents  of  wind,  XVI.  657,  2  c  ;  XI.  436,  2  b. 

Currie,  James,  Scottish  physician,  Y.  586. 

Cur'rituck,  county,  Y.  586. 

Currituck  Court  House ,  county  seat,  Y.  586, 2  a. 

Curry,  condiment,  Y.  586 ;  XIV.  309,  2  b. 

Curry,  county,  Y.  586. 

Curry,  Daniel,  American  clergyman,  Y.  587. 

Currying  :  see  Tanning,  and  X.  275,  2  c. 

Cursor,  Papirius :  see  Papirius  Cursor. 

Curtesy,  in  law,  Y.  587 ;  755, 1  be;  YI.  738, 1  a. 

Curtilage ,  enclosure,  III.  448,  1  c. 

Curtis,  Benjamin  Robbins,  American  jurist, 
Y.  587  (died  1874).  George  Ticknor,  law¬ 
yer  and  judicial  author,  2  b. 

Curtis,  George  William,  American  author  and 
journalist,  Y.  587. 

Curtis,  M.  A.,  his  experiments  on  fungi  as 
food,  VII.  530,  2  ab ;  X.  743,  2  ab ;  XII.  71, 
2c;  72,  1  a  and  c.  His  description  of  the 
dionsea,  YI.  122,  2  c. 

Curtius  [kur'-shus],  pseudonyme,  XYI.  533,  2  b. 

Curtius,  Ernst  [koor'-tse-oos],  German  arche¬ 
ologist  and  historian,  Y.  588.  Georg,  phi¬ 
lologist,  2  b. 


244 


CURTIUS 


CUVIER 


Cuetius,  Marcus,  legendary  Roman  hero,  V.  588. 

CtTKTius  Rtjfus,  Quintus,  Roman  historian,  V. 
589. 

Curvature ,  circle  of,  V.  589,  1  a. 

Curvature  of  the  spine ,  angular,  XV.  268, 1  b, 
2  a ;  lateral,  1  b. 

Cueve,  in  geometry,  V.  589.  Equation  of  the, 
VII.  701,  2  b. 

Curve  of  chemical  force,  XV.  247,  1  a  (ill.,  245). 

Curves ,  Tschirnhausen's  conception  of  the  gen¬ 
eration  of,  VII.  701,  2  c.  Transformation 
of,  by  various  modes,  702,  1  a. 

Curvirostrata  Americana  (ornithology),  V.  514, 
2  b  (ill.).  C.  leucoptera,  515,  1  a  (ill.,  514). 

Curwen ,  /.,  his  tonic  sol-fa,  XII.  83, 1  b  (Music). 

Cuezola  [koor-tso'-la],  island  of  Dalmatia,  V. 
589. 

Curzolari  islands  [koor-tso-la'-re],  VI.  386,  2  be. 

Cuezon,  Paul  Alfred  de  [kiir-zo"8],  French 
painter,  V.  589. 

Cuscuta ,  a  vegetable  parasite,  IV.  714,  2  c. 

Cush,  eldest  son  of  Ham,  V.  589.  Land  of, 
2  a.  Cushite  race,  2  b. 

Cushat  [koosh'-at],  ring  pigeon,  XIII.  505,  1  b. 

Cushing,  Caleb  [koosh'-ing],  American  jurist 
and  statesman,  V.  589. 

Cushing,  Luther  Stearns,  lawyer  and  judicial 
writer,  V.  590. 

Cushing,  Thomas,  statesman,  V.  590. 

Cushing,  William,  jurist,  V.  590. 

Cushman,  Charlotte  Saunders,  American  ac¬ 
tress,  V.  591  (died  1876).  Susan,  2  a. 

Cushman,  Robert,  a  founder  of  Plymouth 
colony,  V.  591.  Thomas,  his  son,  592,  1  a. 

Cusk,  fish,  V.  592.  American  cusk,  1  b  (ill.)  ; 
European,  2  a. 

Cusse'ta ,  county  seat,  IV.  339,  1  a. 

Cusso  [koos'-so] :  see  Koosso,  and  II.  287,  1  b. 

Chstaed  Apple,  V.  592  (ill.).  Cherimoyer, 
2  c.  Sour  sop,  ib.  Sweet  sop,  ib. 

Cus'ter ,  Gen.  (George  A.,  born  1839,  killed  by 
the  Indians,  with  his  whole  command,  June 
25,  1876) :  see  Cheyennes,  IV.  395,  1  c. 

Custine,  Adam  Philippe,  count  de  [kiis-teen], 
French  general,  V.  593.  Renaud  Philippe, 
1  b.  Astolphe,  marquis  d'e^  author,  ib. 

Custis,  George  Washington  Parke,,  adopted  son 
of  George  Washington,  V.  593.. 

Custom  of  London,  concerning  a  married  wo¬ 
man,  IX.  87,  2  b. 

Customs,  in  distinction  from  excise,  VII.  23, 1  c. 

Customs  and  Usages,  as  common  law,  V.  593. 

Customs  of  merchants :  see  Law  Mebchant, 
X.  218,  2  c,  ff. 


Customs  parliament,  in  Germany,  VII.  759, 
2  a,  and  be. 

Custom  work:  see  Shoe,  XIV.  876,  2  c. 

Custozza  [koos-tote'-sa],  village  of  Italy,  V. 
594.  Battle  of,  ib.,  and  I.  254,  2  c. 

Custein  :  see  Kustein. 

Cutatisium,  ancient  city,  X.  66,  1  b. 

Cutch,  for  dyeing  and  tanning,  IV.  105,  2  c. 

Cutch,  state  of  Hindostan,  V.  594.  Runn  of 
Cutch,  1  c. 

Cutoh,  Gulf  of,  V.  594. 

Cutch  Gundava  [gun-da'-va],  province  of  Be- 
loochistan,  V.  594. 

Cuthce'ans:  see  Hebeews,  VIII.  589,  1  be. 

Cuth'beet,  English  saint  and  bishop,  V.  594. 
St.  Cuthbert’s  church,  IV.  390,  1  be ;  his  re¬ 
mains,  ib.  See  Saint  Cuthbert'' s  beads  (In¬ 
dex). 

Cuthbert,  Benedictine  monk,  V.  595,  1  c. 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  ib. 

Cuthbert,  county  seat,  XIV.  199,  1  b. 

Cuticle,  X.  273,  1  c.  See  Epideemis. 

Cutis,  XV.  78,  2  c  (cutis  vera) ;  X.  273,  1  c. 

Cutleb,  Manasseh,  American  clergyman,  phy¬ 
sician,  and  naturalist,  V.  595.  Settlement  of 
Ohio,  2  be.  Jervis,  pioneer,  596,  1  a. 

Cutlee,  Timothy,  president  of  Yale  college, 
V.  596. 

Cutsanim:  see  Okanagans. 

Cuttack',  division  of  Bengal,  V.  596.  City,  1  c. 

Cutter :  see  Yacht,  XVI.  761,  2  be. 

Cutter,  revenue,  XIV.  855,  2  a. 

Cutthroat  game:  see  Euchee,  VI.  769,  1  c. 

Cutting  and  Bradford,  photo-lithographic  pro¬ 
cess  of,  X.  529,  1  a. 

Cutting  drawing,  in  glass  painting,  VIII.  26, 
2  be. 

Cuttings ,  propagation  of  plants  by,  X.  239,  2  be. 

Cuttle  bone ,  V.  203,  1  a ;  596,  2  ab. 

Cuttle  Fish,  V.  596  (ill.). 

Cuttub  Minar  [koot-toob'  me-nar'],  wrought- 
iron  pillar,  Delhi,  IX.  390,  1  c.  Mosque,  V. 
780,  2  a. 

Cuttub  ud-Din  [ood-deen'],  founder  of  a  dy¬ 
nasty,  V.  780,  2  c;  IX.  207,  2  b  (Kuttub). 

Cutty  Stool,  stool  of  repentance,  V.  597. 

Cut-Wobm,  destructive  insect,  V.  597.  Cut¬ 
worm  and  moth  (ill.).  European  species, 
1  c ;  American,  2  a. 

Cuvette ',  in  glass  making,  VIII.  19,  1  be. 

Cuviee,  Georges  Chretien  Leopold  Frederic 
Dagobert  [kii-vya],  French  naturalist,  V. 
597.  Fossil  genera  restored  by  him,  184, 
1  ab ;  I.  512,  1  a.  Ilis  theory  of  the  vertex 


CUXHAVEN 


CYNICS 


245 


brse,  XIII.  425,  1  b ;  of  the  bones  of  the 
head,  ib. ;  his  comparison  of  the  areas  of  the 
cranium  and  the  face,  VI.  753,  2  c.  His  op¬ 
position  to  Saint-Hilaire,  XIII.  423,  2  be. 
His  classification  of  articulata,  I.  782,  2  b, 
694,  1  b;  of  birds,  XII.  705,  2  a;  of  entozoa, 
YI.  663,  1  b ;  of  mammals,  XI.  80,  1  b ;  of 
mollusca,  50,  1  b;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693, 1  a. 
His  divisions  of  mankind,  YI.  754,  1  a.— 
Frederic,  naturalist,  Y.  601,  1  a. 

Cuxhaven  [koox'-ha-fen],  town  of  Germany, 
Y.  601. 

Cuyaba  [koo-ya-ba'],  town  of  Brazil,  Y.  601. 
River,  2  c. 

Cuyahoga  [kl-a-ho'-ga],  county,  Y.  601. 

Cuyahoga,  river,  Y.  602. 

Cuyp,  Albert  [koip],  Dutch  painter,  Y.  602. 

Cuza,  Alexander :  see  Coma  (Index). 

Cuzco  [koos'-ko],  department  of  Peru,  Y.  602. 
Capital  city,  2  ab  (view).  Temple  of  the 
sun,  I.  398,  2  c.  Remains  of,  399,  1  a  (ill.). 

Cy'amus  (epizoa),  YI.  694,  2  a;  XYI.  579,  2  c. 

Cyanocitta  (ornithology),  IX.  579,  2  c.  C. 
Californica  and  other  species,  ib. 

Cyan'ogen,  gas,  Y.  603 ;  XII.  478,  1  a. 

Cyanos'piza  (ornithology),  VII.  192,  2  c.  C. 
cyanea,  IX.  251,  2  a.  C.  ciris,  2  c. 

Cyanu'ra  (ornithology),  IX.  579,  1  c.  C.  cris- 
tata,  ib.  (ill.). 

Cyathe'a  elegans ,  fern  (ill.),  VII.  151,  2.  C. 
arborea  (ill.),  ib. 

Cyath’  oliths ,  IY.  775,  1  a  (Coccoliths)  ;  II. 
391,  1  b. 

CyathophyVloids :  see  Polypus,  XIII.  689,  2  b. 

Cyaxa'res  I.  and  II. :  see  Media,  XI.  633, 1  a,  c. 

Cybele  [si'-be-le],  divinity,  Y.  603  (ill.,  604). 

Cyb’ium  (ichthyology),  X.  794,  1  b.  C.  macu- 
latum,  ib.  (ill.). 

Cycadoi'dea  megalophyl'la  (botany),  (ill.),  Y. 
604,  1  c. 

Cy'cads  (botany),  Y.  604  (ill.). 

Cyclades  [si'-kla-deez],  Grecian  islands,  Y.  604. 

Cyc'lamen,  genus  of  plants,  Y.  605.  C.  Eu- 
ropseum,  1  a  (ill.).  C.  Persicum,  1  b. 

Cyclidi'na ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 

Cyclobranchiata  [si-klo-brang-ke-a'-ta],  divis¬ 
ion  of  mollusca,  XI.  723,  1  b. 

Cv'cloid,  curve,  Y.  605.  Area  between  it  and 
its  base  determined  by  Galileo,  XI.  395,  2  a. 

Cycloids,  fishes :  see  Comparative  Anatomy, 
Y.  183,  2  c;  184,  1  a. 

Cyclone',  storm,  Y.  605.  See  Hurricane, 
and  Whirlwind.  Cyclone  wave,  IX.  83, 1  b. 

Cyclopaedia,  V.  605.  Ancient  cyclopaedic 


works,  2  c ;  mediaeval  and  later,  606,  1  ab, 
ff.  Attempts  to  systematize  and  classify  all 
branches  of  knowledge,  2  b.  Lexicographic 
arrangement,  2  c.  English  cyclopaedias,  607, 
1  b ;  list  of  English  and  American,  608, 1  be. 
Special  cyclopaedias,  609, 1  a.  French,  1  be ; 
German,  610,  1  b ;  Italian,  611,  1  ab ;  orien¬ 
tal,  1  b. 

Cyclope'an  architecture ,  in  Ireland,  IX.  355, 

1  b.  Cyclopean  walls,  V.  612,  1  ab.  Cyclo¬ 
pean  works,  XIII.  235,  1  b. 

Cy'clops,  in  Grecian  mythology,  Y.  611. 
Cyclop' 'term  (ichthyology),  X.  713,  2  ab.  C. 
lumpus,  2  c  (ill.). 

Cy'clostomes,  fishes :  see  Lamprey. 

Cyctoth' urus  didac'tylus  (zoology),  I.  544,  2  a. 
Cyd’amum ,  site  of,  VII.  789,  1  be  (Ghadames). 
Cydip'pe ,  priestess  of  Juno,  II.  669,  2  b. 
Cydnus,  river  of  Cilicia,  Y.  612. 

Cydo'nia,  ancient  city  of  Crete,  Y.  612. 
Cydonia  (botany),  XI Y.  152, 1  a.  C.  Japonica, 

2  b,  and  VIII.  604,  2  c.  C.  Sinensis,  ib.,  and 
XIY.  152,  2  b.  C.  vulgaris,  1  a.  Origin  of 
the  name,  Y.  612,  1  c. 

Cygni'nce  (ornithology),  XY.  499,  2  c. 

Cygnus,  constellation,  Y.  612.  . 

Cygnus  (ornithology),  XY.  500, 1  a.  C.  ferus, 

1  b.  C.  olor,  1  c  (ill.).  C.  Americanus,  2  b. 
C.  buccinator,  2  c. 

Cylinder  presses,  XIII.  853,  1  ab  (ills.). 
Cylinder  printing,  of  calicoes,  III.  595,  2  c. 
Cyllenian,  epithet  of  Mercury,  XI.  404,  1  b. 
Cylon ,  Athenian  conspirator,  II.  55,  1  a;  I. 
263,  2  c. 

Cymbals,  musical  instruments,  Y.  612. 

Cyme,  in  botany,  XIII.  584,  2  c. 

Cymindis  (ornithology),  X.  19,  2  c. 

Cymling,  kind  of  squash,  XY.  293,  2  a. 
Cym'ophane ,  gem,  IY.  561,  1  c. 

Cymraeg  [kim'-reg],  the  Welsh  language,  IY. 
177v  1  be;  178,  2  b. 

Cymri  [kim'-re],  native  name  of  the  Welsh, 
XYI.  425,  1  b.  Language  of  the,  IY.  178, 

2  b.  Literature,  179,  1  b ;  YI.  631,  2  c. 
Cymric  languages,  IY.  177,  1  be,  2  a. 
Cyn^gi'rus,  Athenian  warrior,  Y.  612  ;  1. 151, 

2  b. 

Cynanche  tonsilla'ris  [sl-nan'-ke],  disease,  XY. 

796,  2  b.  C.  trachealis,  Y.  517,  1  b.  ) 
Cynic  philosophy  ( cynicism ) :  see  Antisthenes; 
Cynics;  Plato,  XIII.  603,  2  a;  Moral  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XL  809,  2  b  ;  Philosophy,  XIII. 
437,  2  be. 

Cyn'ics,  school  of  philosophers,  Y.  612. 


246 


CYXIPS 


CYTOBLAST 


Cy'nips  termina'lis  (entomology),  XII.  558, 
2  b  (ill.).  C.  q.  spongifica,  &c.,  2  c,  ff. 

Cynoceph'ali,  baboons  worshipped  by  Egyp¬ 
tians,  Y.  612  (ill.,  613). 

Cynocephalus  (zoology),  II.  183,  1  c.  C.  por- 
carius,  2  c  (ill.).  C.  hamadryas,  184,  1  b 
(ill.).  0.  babuin,  2  a  (ill.).  C.  mormon,  ib. 

(ill.).  0.  leucophaBus,  2  c  (ill.,  185).  0. 

papio,  1  be ;  XV.  263,  1  be. 

Cyn'odon  dac'tylon  (botany),  VIII.  168,  2  be. 

Cyn'omys  (zoology),  XIII.  802.  C.  Ludovici- 
anus,  2  c  (ill.,  803). 

Gynosar'ges,  gymnasium  in  Athens,  I.  572,  2  b ; 
site,  II.  61,  2  a. 

Cynosceph'al.®,  range  of  mountains  in  Thes¬ 
saly,  V.  613.  First  battle  of,  XIII.  239,  2  b ; 
second,  408,  2  c,  I.  156,  2  a. 

Cynosse'ma ,  battle  of  (Athenians  commanded 
by  Thrasyllus  and  Thrasybulus),  VIII.  194, 
2  b  ;  XV.  726,  1  ab. 

Cynthia ,  island :  see  Delos,  V.  783,  2  ab. 

Cynthian'a ,  county  seat,  VIII.  481,  1  b. 

Cynu'eia,  ancient  district  of  Greece,  V.  613. 

Cypera’cece  (botany),  XIII.  59,  1  c. 

Cype'rus  papy'rus  (botany),  XIII.  59,  1  a.  C. 
alternifolius,  2  a. 

Cypese'a  (mollusca) :  see  Cowey,  and  V.  200, 
1  c.  0.  aurora,  444,  2  c.  C.  annulus,  ib.  0. 
moneta,  ib .,  and  203,  1  c.  0.  princeps,  445, 

1  ab.  C.  umbilicata,  1  b.  0.  tigris,  ib.  (ill.). 

Cy-pres  doctrine  [se-pra],  of  trusts,  XVI.  19, 1  b. 

Cypeess,  coniferous  tree,  V.  613.  Common 

evergreen,  2  a  (ills.).  Spreading,  614, 1  a  (ill.). 
Portuguese  and  weeping,  ib.  Deciduous  cy¬ 
press,  1  c  (ill.)*  Cypress  knees,  2  c.  Age  of, 
I.  184,  1  a,  2  a.  Cypress  swamp,  V.  770,  2  ab. 

Cyp’ria ,  epithet  of  Venus,  V.  616,  2  c. 

Cypeiaist,  Thascius  Cascilius,  saint,  bishop,  and 
martyr,  V.  614.  The  persecution  of  Decius, 
615,  1  ab.  Validity  of  baptism  given  by 
heretics,  2  b. 

Cyprin'idce  (ichthyology),  IV.  16,  2  ab. 

Cyp'rinoid  fishes  (of  the  family  cyprinidce ),  V. 
628,  1  c. 

Cyprinus  (ichthyology),  IV.  16,  2  b.  C.  carpio, 

2  be  (ill.).  C.  auratus,  17, 1  a,  and  VIII.  91, 

1  b  (ill.).  C.  gibelio,  IV.  17,  1  a.  C.  caras- 
sius,  ib. 

Cypriote  inscriptions ,  language  of  the,  V.  617, 

1  a. 

Cypripe'dium  (botany),  X.  90,  2  b.  C.  specta- 
bile,  91,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  insigne,  2  a  (ill.). 
Other  species. 

Cypeus,  Turkish  island,  V.  616.  Wines  of, 


1  c.  Church  of,  2  be.  History,  2  c.  An¬ 
tiquities  of :  see  Cesnola. 

CypseVidoe  (ornithology),  XV.  519,  2  c. 
Cypselu'rus  (ichthyology),  VII.  297,  2  c.  C. 

comatus  and  C.  furcatus,  ib. 

Cyp'selus,  tyrant  of  Corinth,  V.  617. 

Cypselus  (ornithology),  XV.  520,  1  a.  C.  mel- 
ba,  1  b  (ill.).  C.  pelagica,  1  c. 

Cyrence'a :  see  Cyeenaica. 

Cyeena'ica,  ancient  country  of  Africa,  V.  617; 
II.  526,  2  ab. 

Cyrenaic  philosophy ,  I.  704,  1  c.  See  Cyee- 

NAICS. 

Cybenaics,  school  of  philosophers,  V.  617. 
Cyee'ne,  ancient  city  of  Africa,  V.  617.  Eock- 
cut  temple  (ill.),  618. 

Cyb'il  of  Alexandeia,  saint,  V.  618.  Mur¬ 
der  of  Hypatia,  2  ab.  Eefuses  justice  to  the 
memory  of  Chrysostom,  2  b.  Nestorian  con¬ 
troversy,  2  c.  His  twelve  anathematisms, 

619,  1  a.  His  refutation  of  Julian’s  treatise 
against  the  Christians,  IX.  711,  1  a. 

Cyeil  of  Jeeusalem,  saint,  V.  619.  The  tol¬ 
erant  pagan  and  intolerant  Christian,  2  ab. 
Cyril'lic  alphabet ,  XV.  104, 1  ab.  See  II.  787, 

2  b ;  V.  620,  1  ab. 

Cyril  Lucar ,  or  Cyrillus  Lucaris,  patriarch  of 
Alexandria  and  of  Constantinople,  referred 
to,  I.  291,  2  ab.  His  fate,  VIII.  218,  2  b. 
Cyeil  and  Methodius,  apostles  of  the  Slavs, 

V.  619.  Slavic  version  of  the  Scriptures, 

620,  1  ab,  2  ab:  see  XV.  104,  1  a. 

Cyrtoceras  [sur-tos'-e-ras],  (palaeontology),  XII. 

712,  1  c. 

Cybus,  river:  see  Ivue,  and  IV.  133,  2  a. 
Cyeus,  the  Elder,  king  of  Persia,  V.  620 ;  II. 
188,  1  a,  189,  2  c,  190,  1  c,  2  b.  Herodotus 
and  Hebrew  prophecy  on  his  capture  of 
Babylon  compared,  V.  621,  1  be.  His  sup¬ 
posed  tomb,  2  be,  and  XIII.  144,  1  c. — The 
Younger,  V.  621,  2  c. 

Cyrus ,  patriarch  of  Alexandria,  XI.  758,  1  b. 
Cyst ,  internal  parasite,  I.  61,  1  b.  See  Ento- 
zoa,  VI.  665,  1  ab,  669,  1  c. 

Cystic  duct)  II.  636,  2  c;  X.  538,  1  b. 
Cysticer'cus  (entozoa),  I.  61,  1  c.  C.  cellulosas, 

VI.  665,  2  ab.  Production  of,  XV.  283,  2  ab. 
Cystoph'ora  (zoology),  XIV.  732,  2  c. 
Cystot'omy,  in  surgery,  XIII.  Ill,  2  b. 

Cytce’a ,  ancient  city,  X.  66,  1  b. 

Cythe'ea:  see  Ceeigo. 

Cyt'isus  (botany),  X.  74,  2  b.  C.  laburnum. 

ib.  C.  scoparius,  III.  329,  1  a. 

Cytoblast ,  in  protoplasm,  XIV.  34,  1  ab. 


CYTOD 


DAGUERREOTYPE 


247 


Cytod ,  in  protoplasm,  XIV.  34,  1  b,  2  b  and  c ; 
35,  2  a. 

Cytta'ria ,  fungus,  VII.  532,  1  be. 

Cyz'icus,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  V.  622. 

Czajkowski,  Micbal  [clil-kov'-ske],  Polish  nov¬ 
elist,  V.  622. 

Czar  [zar],  or  Tzar,  Russian  sovereign  title, 
V.  622.  Tzaritza,  tzarevitch,  tzarevna,  tze- 
sarevitch,  tzesarevna,  2  b,  If. 

Czarnieqki,  or  Czarnecki,  Stefan  [char-nyets'- 
ke,  -nets'-],  Polish  general,  V.  622. 

Czartoryski  [char-to-ris'-ke],  Polish  princely 
family,  V.  623.  Michal  Fryderyk,  2  a.  Au¬ 
gust  Alexander,  2  b.  Adam  Kazimierz,  ib. 
Elzbieta,  624, 1  b.  Marya  Anna,  1  c.  Adam 
Jerzy,  2  a;  his  friendship  for  Alexander  I. 
of  Russia,  ib .,  and  I.  280,  2  c,  281,  1  be. 

Czaslau  [chas'-low],  town  of  Bohemia,  V.  625. 

Czechic  poems  [chek'-ik],  collection  of,  VIII. 
441,  1  b. 


D,  letter,  V.  626.  Its  sound  and  relations,  1  b, 
ff.  As  a  numeral,  627,  1  a;  abbreviation, 
1  b ;  musical  sign,  1  c. 

Dab,  fish,  VII.  286,  2  b  (rusty)  ;  287,  1  b. 

Dablon,  Claude  [da-blong],  Jesuit  missionary, 
V.  627. 

Ddboia,  snake,  IX.  204,  1  c. 

Dacca,  district  of  India,  V.  627.  Capital,  2  c 
(view).  Muslins  of  Dacca,  628, 1  a;  403, 1  a. 

Dacca  Jelalpoor  :  see  Fureedpoor. 

Dace,  fish,  V.  628.  Orange  dace,  1  c;  roach 
dace,  2  a,  and  XIV.  352,  1  a;  black-nosed, 
V.  628,  2  be  (ill.),  and  XI.  613,  1  c;  long- 
nosed,  V.  628,  2  c ;  red,  ib. ;  other  kinds, 
629,  1  a;  common  European,  1  b. 

Dacelo  (ornithology),  IX.  840, 1  be.  D.  gigaa,  ib. 

Dacia,  ancient  Roman  province,  V.  629. 

Dacier,  Andre  [da-se-a],  French  scholar,  V. 
629.  Anne,  scholar,  2  b. 

Dacke,  Nils  [dak'-keh],  revolt  of,  VIII.  337,  2  c. 

Da  Costa,  Izaak,  Dutch  poet,  V.  630. 

Dactyle'thra  (zoology),  XV.  779,  1  a. 

Dac'tyli  Idce'i,  fossils,  II.  485,  1  a. 

Dactylis  ccespitosa  (botany),  VIII.  167,  1  c. 
D.  glomerata,  168,  1  a  (ill.,  167). 

Dactylol'ogy  :  see  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

Dactyl' omancy ,  in  divination,  VI.  153,  2  c. 

Dactylop'  term  vol'itans  (ichthyology),  VII.  298, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Dade,  three  counties,  V.  630. 


Czechs  [cheks],  II.  152,  1  a,  if.;  785,  1  c,ff.;  787, 
2  ab.  See  Bohemian  Language  and  Liter¬ 
ature. 

Czegled  [tseg'-laid],  town  of  Hungary,  V.  625. 

Czelakowsky  :  see  Celakovsky. 

Czenstochowa,  or  Czenstochau  [chen-sto-kho'- 
va,  chen'-sto-khow],  town  of  Poland,  V.  625. 

Czermak,  Johann  Nepomuk  [cher'-mak],  Bohe¬ 
mian  physiologist,  V.  625.  Jaroslaw,  paint¬ 
er,  2  a. 

Czernowice  [chSr-no-ve'-tsSh] :  see  Czernowitz. 

Czernowitz  [cher'-no-vits],  town  of  Austria, 
V.  625. 

Czerny,  Karl  [cher'-ne],  German  composer,  V. 
625. 

Czerny  George,  Servian  chief,  V.  625. 

Czerski ,  Johann  [cher'-ske],  one  of  the  found¬ 
ers  of  the  German  Catholics,  VII.  736,  2  a. 

Czuczor  [tsoo'-tsor],  Gergely,  Hungarian  au¬ 
thor,  V.  626. 


Dade ,  Major ,  XIV.  759,  1  c. 

Dadeville ,  county  seat,  XV.  557,  1  a. 

Dcedala  [ded'-a-la],  festival  of  the,  IV.  614,  1  c. 

Dcedala ,  ancient  Greek  sculptures,  V.  630,  2  be  r 
XIV.  718,  1  b  ( SaidaTia ). 

Dcedalids ,  ancient  sculptors,  XIV.  718,  1  b. 

Daedalus,  mythical  Greek  artist,  V.  630. 

Dael,  Jan  Frans  van  [dal],  Belgian  painter,  V. 
630. 

Daendels,  Herman  "Willem  [dan'-delce],  Dutch 
general,  V.  630. 

Daffadowndilly ,  plant,  XII.  145,  2  a. 

Daffodil:  see  Narcissus,  XII.  144,  1  c,  145, 
2  a  (ill.).  Pale  daffodil,  144,  2  b. 

Daffodilly ,  plant,  XII.  145,  2  a. 

Daf'ila  (ornithology),  VI.  288,  1  c.  D.  acuta, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Daggett,  David,  American  jurist,  V.  631. 

Daggett,  Naplitali,  clergyman,  V.  631. 

Daghestan',  province  of  Russia,  V.  631. 

Dagmar  [da'-mar],  wife  of  the  crown  prince  of 
Russia,  IV.  529,  1  c. 

Dag'obert  I.  [Fr.  da-gtih-bair],  king  of  the 
Franks,  V.  631.  Dagobert  II.,  632,  1  a. 

Da'gon,  Philistine  idol,  V.  632  ;  XII.  117,  2  c. 

Daguerre,  Louis  Jacques  Mandd  [da-gair],  in¬ 
ventor  of  the  daguerreotype,  V.  632.  Ilis 
process,  XIII.  469,  1  be. 

Daguerreotype  [da-gher'-o-tipe],  V.  632,  2  a; 
II.  444,  1  b.  Process  of  the,  XIII.  469,  1  be. 


248 


DAGUIN 


DALRYMPLE 


Daguin,  Pierre  Adolphe  [da-ga"e],  French  phys¬ 
icist,  V.  632. 

Dahl ,  Dr.  [dal],  Swedish  botanist,  Y.  634,  1  ah. 
Dahl,  Johann  Kristen  Clausen,  Norwegian 
painter,  V.  632. 

Dahl,  Mikael,  Swedish  painter,  Y.  632. 

Dahl,  Yladimir  Ivanovitch,  Russian  author,  Y. 
632. 

Dahlbom,  Anders  Gustaf  [dal'-bome],  Swedish 
entomologist,  Y.  633. 

Daiilgren,  Karl  Johan  [dal'-gren],  Swedish 
poet,  Y.  633. 

Daiilgren,  John  Adolf,  American  naval  officer, 
Y.  633.  His  guns,  I.  790,  2  b  (ill.)*  Ulric, 
soldier,  Y.  633,  2  a. 

Dahlia  [da'-lya  or  da'-lya],  genus  of  plants, 
V.  633  (ill.).  D.  superflua,  frustranea,  varia- 
bilis,  2  b.  Mummied  tubers  of,  XYI.  587, 
2  b. 

Dahlmann-,  Friedrich  Christoph  [dab-man], 
German  historian,  Y.  634. 

Dahlone'ga,  town  of  Georgia,  Y.  634. 

Dahna ,  Arabian  desert,  I.  618,  1  b;  619,  1  a. 
Dahomey  [da-ho'-ma],  kingdom  of  Africa,  Y. 
634.  Dahomans,  635,  2  a  (ill.).  Religion, 
636,  1  a.  Government,  1  c.  The  king’s 
Amazonian  body  guard,  2  he.  History,  637, 

1  a. 

Daikon  [di'-kone],  vegetable,  IX.  532,  2  a. 

“  Daily  Advertiser ,”  of  Boston,  YIII.  390,  2  a. 
Daimio  [di'-me-o],  Japanese  noble,  IX.  544, 

2  b  ;  547,  1  a. 

Dairy  :  see  Butter,  Cattle,  and  Cheese. 
Daisy,  plant,  Y.  638  (ill.).  Ox-eye  daisy,  2  a 
(ill.).  Ox-eye  daisy  powder,  XIII.  328,  2  be. 
Dakhani,  a  Hindi  dialect,  IX.  217,  1  a. 

Dakhil ,  asylum,  II.  450,  2  be. 

Dako'ta,  territory,  Y.  638.  Population,  2  b. 
Indians,  2  c.  Surface,  639,  1  a.  Hydrogra- 
phy,  1  be.  Climate,  2  c.  Soil  and  produc¬ 
tions,  640,  1  a.  Railroads,  2  a.  Govern¬ 
ment,  2  b.  Education,  &c.,  2  c.  History, 
641,  1  a. 

Dakota,  two  counties,  Y.  641. 

Dakota ,  county  seat,  Y.  641,  1  c. 

Dakota  City ,  county  seat,  IX.  40,  2  c. 
Dakotas,  family  of  Indians,  Y.  641.  See  Sioux. 
Dakro:  see  Dahomey,  Y.  636,  2  b. 

Daksha,  in  Brahman  mythology,  IX.  230,  1  c. 
Dalai-lama  [da-li'-la'-ma],  in  Thibet,  III.  401, 
f  1  b;  X.  116,  1  a;  XY.  704,  2  c. 

Dalarne  [da-lar'-neh] :  see  Dalecarlia. 
Dalayrao,  Nicolas  [da-la-rak],  French  com¬ 
poser,  Y.  641. 


Dalberg  [dal'-bairg],  family  of  Germany,  Y. 
641.  Johann,  bishop  of  Worms,  2  be.  Wolf¬ 
gang  Heribert,  minister  of  Baden,  2  c.  Em¬ 
merich  Joseph,  duke  and  peer  of  France, 
diplomatist,  ib.  Karl  Theodor  Anton  Maria, 
archbishop  elector  of  Mentz  and  archchan¬ 
cellor,  2  c. 

Dalberg- Acton,  Sir  John  Emeric  Edward ,  I. 
78,  1  ab. 

Dalburg  [dal'-boorg] :  see  Dalberg. 

Dal'by,  Isaac,  English  mathematician,  Y.  642. 

Dale,  county,  Y.  642. 

Dale,  David,  Scottish  manufacturer,  Y.  642. 

Dale,  Richard,  American  naval  officer,  Y.  642. 

Dalecarlia  [da-la-kar'-le-a],  ancient  province 
of  Sweden,  Y.  642  ;  X.  44,  1  b. 

Dal  Elf,  river  of  Sweden,  Y.  643. 

Dalgar'no,  George,  British  philologist,  Y.  643. 
His  “Deaf  and  Dumb  Man’s  Tutor,”  1  b. 

Dalhousie,  James  Andrew  Broun  Ramsay, 
marquis  of  [dal-hoo'-ze],  British  statesman, 
Y.  643. 

Dalibarcl  [da-le-bar],  (Thomas  Francois,  1703- 
’79),  French  naturalist,  his  experiments  in 
electricity,  X.  464,  1  b. 

Dalici  [da-le'-se],  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Doll,  William  II.  [dal],  American  scientist,  I. 
241,  2  b. 

Dallas,  five  counties,  Y.  643. 

Dallas ,  county  seats,  III.  17,  1  a;  Y.  643,  2  c; 
YII.  643,  2  c;  XIII.  176,  2  ab;  679,  2  a; 
680,  1  b. 

Dallas,  Alexander  James,  American  states¬ 
man  and  financier,  Y.  644. 

Dallas,  George  Mifflin,  vice  president  of  the 
United  States,  Y.  644. 

Dallas,  Robert  Charles,  British  author,  Y.  645. 

Dalling  and  Bulwer,  Baron :  see  Bulwer, 
Henry  Lytton  Earle. 

Dall’  Ongaro,  Francesco  [dal  oan'-ga-ro], 
Italian  poet,  Y.  645. 

Dalmatia,  crownland  of  Austria,  Y.  645. 
Literature  of,  XIY.  784,  1  be.  Duke  of: 
see  Soult. 

Dalmat'ica,  sacerdotal  vestment,  Y.  646. 

Dal'rymple,  Scottish  family,  Y.  646.  James, 
Yiscount  Stair,  jurist,  2  c.  John,  earl  of 
Stair,  author  of  the  Glencoe  massacre,  647, 
lb.  J  ohn,  earl  of  Stair,  soldier  and  diplo¬ 
matist,  ib.  Sir  David,  Lord  Hailes,  jurist 
and  author,  1  c.  Alexander,  hydrographer 
and  author,  2  b. 

Dairy  myle,  naturalist,  his  observations  on  the 
structure  of  animalcules,  I.  517,  2  b;  518, 1  a. 


DALTON 


DANBY 


249 


Dalton  [dawl'-tun],  town  of  Georgia,  V.  647. 

Dalton,  Edward  Barry,  American  physician, 
Y.  647. 

Dalton,  John,  English  chemist,  Y.  648.  Atom¬ 
ic  theory  of,  II.  86,  2  be,  If.:  see  Chemis¬ 
try,  IY.  365,  2  c.  His  theory  of  the  diffu¬ 
sion  of  gases  through  one  another,  YII.  634, 
2  c.  II is  discovery  of  the  effect  of  air  or  gas 
in  preventing  evaporation,  VI.  796,  1  a. 

Dalton,  John  Call,  American  physiologist,  Y. 
648. 

Dalton  and  Gay-Lussac's  law ,  XIII.  628,  1  b. 

Daltonism,  defect  of  vision,  Y.  108,  2  a;  648, 1  c. 

Da'ly ,  Captain,  pseudonjmie,  VII.  125,  2  b. 

Daly,  Cesar  [da-le],  French  architect,  Y.  649. 

Dam,  Y.  649.  Principles  and  methods  of  con¬ 
struction,  1  c,  ff.  Dam  across  the  Connecti¬ 
cut  river,  2  c  ;  across  the  Furens  in  France, 
ib.  (ill.,  650).  Coffer  dam,  650,  1  c  (ill.). 

Dama  (zoology),  Y.  757,  1  c.  D.  vulgaris,  YII. 
75,  1  a  (ill.) ;  III.  385,  1  b. 

Daman',  seaport :  see  Damaun. 

Daman,  animal,  IX.  138,  1  c. 

Damanu  [da-ma-noo'J,  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Damaras  [da-ma'-ras],  African  tribe,  IX.  9, 1  c. 

Damascene',  John,  saint  and  doctor  of  the 
church,  Y.  651. 

Damasce'nus,  Nicolaus,  Greek  historian  and 
philosopher,  Y.  651. 

Damas'cius,  Greek  philosopher,  V.  651. 

Damascus,  city  of  Syria,  V.  651 ;  view,  652. 
Description,  651,  2  b.  Commerce,  652,  2  a. 
History,  2  c.  Massacre  of  the  Christians 
in  1860,  653,  1  be.  Captured  and  sacked 
under  Tiglath-Pileser,  234,  2  ab. 

Damascus,  in  Greek  mythology,  II.  193,  2  a. 

Damascus  Blades.  V.  653.  Efforts  to  imitate 
them,  2  ab.  Indian  method  of  making  steel, 
654,  1  b.  Gen.  Anosoff’s  researches,  2  a; 
his  processes,  2  c. 

Damask,  fabric,  V.  655.  Tweeling  or  twilling, 
2  c.  Diaper,  ib. 

Damask,  in  gun  barrels,  VIII.  356,  2  a. 

Damaskeen'ing,  inlaying  of  metals,  Y.  655. 
For  the  internal  parts  of  watches,  IY.  706, 
1  ab. 

Damas'tes,  legendary  robber,  XIY.  26,  2  c. 

Damaun',  seaport  of  India,  Y.  656. 

Damboio :  see  Dambool. 

Dambool',  village  of  Ceylon,  Y.  656.  Dam- 
boollagalla,  rock  with  cave  temples,  1  b. 

Damer,  Anne  Seymour,  English  sculptor,  Y.  656. 

Damiani,  Pietro  [da-mya'-ne],  Italian  prelate 
and  saint,  Y.  656. 


Damiens,  Robert  Francois  [da-myang],  French 
regicide,  Y.  656. 

Damiet'ta,  town  of  Egypt,  Y.  656. 

Damiron,  Jean  Philibert  [da-me-rong],  French 
philosopher,  Y.  657. 

Da'mium,  a  Roman  sacrifice,  III.  23,  2  c. 
Dammesz ,  Lucas :  see  Leyden,  Lucas  van. 
Damnum  absque  injuria ,  legal  phrase,  I.  77, 1  c. 
Damocles  [dam'-o-kleez],  Syracusan  courtier, 
Y.  657. 

Da'mon  and  Pyth'ias,  Y.  657. 

Damoreau,  Laure  Cinthie  [da-muh-ro],  French 
vocalist,  V.  657 ;  I.  798,  1  b. 

Damper ,  in  musical  instruments,  XIII.  488, 

1  a;  of  piano,  491,  1  a. 

Dampier,  William  [dam'-peer],  English  navi¬ 
gator,  Y.  657. 

Dampierre,  Auguste  Henri  Marie  Picot,  mar¬ 
quis  de  [dang-pyair],  French  soldier,  Y.  657. 
Dan,  son  of  Jacob,  Y.  658.  City,  1  be. 

Dan,  river,  Y.  658. 

Dan,  title :  see  Don. 

Da'na,  Francis,  American  jurist,  Y.  658. 
Dana,  James  Dwight,  American  geologist  and 
mineralogist,  Y.  659.  On  corals,  339,  2  a, 
ff.  On  the  nomenclature  of  minerals,  XI. 
588,  1  b;  treatise  on  mineralogy,  591,  1  ab. 
Limits  of  the  marine  faunas  as  shown  by 
him,  YII.  240, 1  c.  His  definition  of  polyps, 
XIII.  689,  1  c ;  classification  of,  2  b.  On 
the  continuity  of  the  course  of  life,  YII.  11, 

2  c;  15,  1  a.  Description  of  geological 
changes,  ib.  His  theory  of  the  origin  of  the 
glacial  drift,  YI.  113,  1  c;  of  cephalization, 
XIII.  428,  2  b,  429,  1  a. 

Dana,  Richard,  American  jurist,  Y.  659. 
Dana,  Richard  Henry,  poet  and  essayist,  Y. 
660;  XVI.  198,  1  a. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  jr.,  author  and  lawyer, 
Y.  660. 

Dana,  Samuel  Luther,  chemist,  Y.  661. 

Danae  [dan'-a-e],  in  Greek  mythology,  Y.  662. 
Danaides  [da-na'-e-deez],  daughters  of  Danatis, 
Y.  662. 

Danais  [dan'-a-is],  entomology,  III.  498,  2  a. 
D.  plexippus,  ib. 

Danakil,  Mohammedan  nation  of  E.  Africa,  I. 

79,  2  c ;  II.  23,  1  c. 

Dan'apris :  see  Dnieper. 

Dan' aster :  see  Dniester. 

Danaus  [dan'-a-us],  mythical  king,  Y.  662. 
Danbury,  town  of  Connecticut,  Y.  662. 
Danbury,  county  seat,  XY.  394,  2  b. 

Danby,  Francis,  British  painter,  Y.  662. 


250 


DANCE 


DARCET 


Dance,  George,  English  architect  and  artist, 
Y.  662. 

Dance  of  Death,  Y.  663.  Poems  upon,  1  he. 
Paintings  of,  1  c. 

Dancette  line ,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  1  a. 

Dancing :  see  Ballet. 

Dancing  Disease,  Y.  663. 

Dancourt,  Florent  Carton  [daDg-koor],  French 
comedian,  Y.  664. 

Dan'delion,  plant,  Y.  664  (ill.). 

Dan'dolo,  Enrico,  doge  of  Yenice,  Y.  664;  530, 
1  ah  ;  YI.  182,  2  be.  Andrea,  doge,  Y.  665, 
1  b.  Girolamo,  author,  1  c. 

Dandolo,  Yincenzo,  count,  Italian  chemist,  Y. 
665.  Tullio,  author,  2  b. 

Dandridge,  county  seat,  IX.  587,  1  c. 

Dane,  county,  Y.  665. 

Dane,  Nathan,  American  jurist,  Y.  666.  Or¬ 
dinance  excluding  slavery  from  the  north¬ 
western  territory,  1  b.  Dane  professorship 
of  law,  1  c. 

Dane'gelt,  ancient  tax,  Y.  666  ;  YI.  745,  1  c. 

Danei ,  Paolo  Francesco  [da-na'-e],  (St.  Paul  of 
the  Cross),  XIII.  152,  1  b,  2  a. 

Dangerous  space ,  in  gunnery,  YIII.  326,  1  a. 

Dangleberry ,  XYI.  613,  1  c  (ill.). 

Dang-Trong ,  Cochin  China,  I.  456,  2  a;  IY. 
777,  1  b. 

Danican,  Frangois  AndrS  (Philidor),  [da-ne- 
kaDg],  French  chess  player,  Y.  666. 

Danidani  [da-ne-da/-ne],  plant,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Daniel  [dan'-yel],  Hebrew  prophet,  Y.  666. 
Book  of  Daniel,  667,  1  c. 

Daniel,  Hermann  Adalbert  [da'-ne-el],  German 
theologian  and  geographer,  Y.  668. 

Daniel,  Samuel,  English  author,  Y.  668. 

Daniell,  John  Frederick,  physicist,  Y.  668. 
His  galvanic  battery,  YII.  590, 1  b  (ill.).  His 
water  barometer,  II.  328,  1  b. 

Daniell,  Samuel,  artist  and  traveller,  Y.  668. 

Daniell,  Thomas,  painter,  Y.  668. 

Daniell,  William,  painter,  Y.  668. 

Danielsville ,  county  seat,  X.  820,  1  a. 

Danilo  I.  [da-ne'-lo],  prince  of  Montenegro, 
XI.  780,  2  a. 

Danish  balance ,  II.  234,  2  b. 

Danish  Language  and  Literature  :  see  Den¬ 
mark:,  Language  and  Literature  of. 

Dan'ites:  see  Mormons,  XI.  834,  2  c,  and 
Young,  Brigham,  XYI.  795,  1  ab. 

DanJcs ,  Samuel ,  his  rotary  puddler,  IX.  401,  2  c 
(ill.,  402). 

Dan'necker,  Johann  Heinrich  von,  German 
sculptor,  Y.  669. 


Dannemo'ra,  parish  of  Sweden,  Y.  669. 

Dannemora,  town  of  New  York,  Y.  669. 

Danner ,  Countess ,  morganatic  wife  of  Frede¬ 
rick  YII.  of  Denmark,  YII.  450,  2  b. 

Dansville,  village  of  New  York,  Y.  669. 

Dantan,  Jean  Pierre  [dang-tang],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  Y.  669. 

Dante  degli  Alighieri  [dan'-ta  da'-lye  a-le- 
gya'-re],  Italian  poet,  Y.  669.  Education  and 
acquirements,  670,  1  ab.  Prior  of  Florence, 
2  b.  Exiled,  671,  1  b.  His  character  and 
habits,  672, 1  a.  Relations  with  Can  Grande, 
III.  701,  1  b.  Regard  for  Dante  after  his 
death,  Y.  672,  1  c.  Translations  and  criti¬ 
cisms  of  his  works,  673,  1  a,  ff.  His  minor 
works,  2  c,  ff.  The  Divina  Commedia ,  675,  2  c. 
Authorities  on  his  life  and  works,  1  b.  Ro- 
setti’s  theory  respecting  Dante  and  his  con¬ 
temporaries,  XIY.  444,  2  be.  See  IX.  459, 1  a. 

D anton,  Georges  Jacques  [dang-tong],  French 
revolutionist,  Y.  677. 

Dantzic,  seaport  of  Prussia,  Y.  678  (view). 
Cathedral  of,  2  c;  IY.  118,  2  a.  Duke  of : 
see  Lefebvre,  Frangois  Joseph. 

Dan'ube,  river  of  Europe,  Y.  679.  Iron  gate  of, 

680,  2  a  (ill.).  History,  2  c.  Commercial  use, 

681,  1  a.  Principality  of,  III.  421,  1  a. 

Danum  (Doncaster),  YI.  209,  2  a. 

Danvers,  town  of  Massachusetts,  Y.  681.  Pea¬ 
body  institute,  2  be. 

Danvers ,  South :  see  Peabody  (town). 

Danville,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  Y.  681. 
Town  of  Yirginia,  682,  1  a.  Town  of  Ken¬ 
tucky,  1  b.  City  of  Illinois,  1  c. 

Danville ,  county  seats,  YIII.  635,  2  c;  XI.  787, 
2  c;  XYI.  779,  1  b. 

Daoine  shi :  see  Fairies,  YII.  65,  1  a. 

Daph'ne,  nymph,  Y.  682. 

Daphne,  ancient  place  in  Syria,  Y.  682. 

Daphne,  genus  of  plants,  Y.  682  (ill.).  D.  odo- 
ra,  2  c.  D.  laureola,  ib.  D.  mezereum,  ib. 
(ill.).  D.  lagetta,  683,  1  a. 

Daphne,  river  of  Syria,  IX.  683,  1  c. 

Daphnepho'ria,  Grecian  festival,  Y.  683. 

Da  Ponte,  Lorenzo  [da  pon'-ta],  Italian  poet, 
Y.  683.  Lorenzo  L.,  scholar,  1  c. 

Dappes  [dap],  Swiss  valley,  Y.  683. 

Darab' :  see  Darabgerd. 

Darabgerd',  city  of  Persia,  Y.  683. 

D’Arblay,  Madame  :  see  Arblay,  Madame  d’. 

Darboy,  Georges  [dar-bwa],  French  prelate,  Y. 
683. 

Dar'byites  :  see  Plymouth  Brethren. 

Darcet,  Jean  [dar-sfi],  French  chemist,  Y.  684. 


DARDANELLES 


DASYURE 


251 


Dardanelles  [dar-da-nelz'],  castles  of  the  Hel¬ 
lespont  or  strait  of  the  Dardanelles,  Y.  G84 ; 
view,  685.  Navigation  of  the  Dardanelles 
and  Bosporus,  685,  1  a;  X.  224,  2  a.  Right 
of  foreign  war  vessels  to  pass  the  strait  as¬ 
serted  by  the  United  States,  Y.  685,  2  a; 
recognized,  ib.  Treaty  of  the,  I.  79,  2  b. 
The  Lesser  Dardanelles,  V.  685,  1  b. 
Darda'nia,  district  of  ancient  Moesia,  Y.  685. 

Of  Mysia,  1  c.  See  Samothrace. 
Dar'danus,  ancestor  of  the  Trojans,  Y.  685. 
Dardanus ,  ancient  city,  Y.  685,  1  c. 

Darden,  Miles,  largest  man  on  record,  Y.  685. 
Dare,  county,  Y.  685. 

Dare,  Yirginia,  Y.  685. 

Da'res ,  the  Phrygian,  history  of  the  destruction 
of  Troy  under  the  name  of,  X.  201,  1  ah. 
Dareste  de  la  Chavanne,  Antoine  Elisabeth 
Cleophas  [da-rest  du.h  la  slia-van],  French 
author,  Y.  686. 

Darfoor',  country  of  Africa,  Y.  686. 
Dargaud,  Jean  Marie  [dar-go],  French  author, 
Y.  686. 

Darial  pass,  of  the  Caucasus,  IY.  133,  1  c. 
Dario,  ancient  Persian  gold  coin,  Y.  686  (ill.)  ; 

XII.  536,  1  b  (ill.).  Silver  darics,  Y.  686,  2  b. 
Darien,  Colony  of  [da-re-en'J,  Y.  686. 

Darien,  Gulf  of,  Y.  687. 

Darien,  Isthmus  of :  see  Panama. 

Darien,  county  seat,  X.  788,  1  a. 

Dari'us,  kings  of  Media  and  Persia,  Y.  687. 
Darius  the  Mede,  identity  of,  1  be;  II.  190, 
2  a.  Darius  Hystaspis,  king  of  Persia,  Y. 
687,  2  a.  Inscription  by  him,  II.  190,  2  a; 
Y.  573,  2  c.  Darius  Ochus,  688,  1  c.  Darius 
Codomannus,  ib.  Conquered  by  Alexander 
the  Great,  2  b,  ff. 

Dark  ages,  the,  I.  186,  1  a. 

Darke,  county,  Y.  689. 

Dar'laston,  town  of  England,  Y.  689. 

Darley,  Felix  0.  C.,  American  artist,  Y.  689. 
Darley,  George,  British  author,  Y.  689. 
Darling,  river  of  Australia,  Y.  689. 

Darling,  Grace,  English  heroine,  Y.  689. 
Darlington,  county  of  South  Carolina,  Y.  690. 
Darlington,  county  seat,  X.  93,  2  a. 
Darlington,  borough  of  England,  Y.  690. 
Darlington,  William,  American  botanist,  Y. 
690. 

Darlington  Court  House,  county  seat,  Y.  690, 1  b. 
Darlingtonia  Californica  (botany),  XIII.  548, 
2  b  (ill.) ;  IX.  310,  2  a. 

Darm'stadt,  city  of  Germany,  Y.  690.  Palace, 
2  c  (ill.,  691). 


Darnel,  weed,  Y.  691  (ill.). 

Darnetal  [dar-na-tal],  town  of  France,  Y.  691. 

Darnley,  Henry  Stuart,  lord,  husband  of  Mary 
queen  of  Scots,  Y.  691.  His  murder,  692, 

1  a;  XI.  234,  2  a. 

Darter,  bird,  Y.  692.  Black-bellied,  1  c  (ill.). 

Dartford,  town  of  England,  Y.  693. 

Dartford,  county  seat,  YIII.  232,  1  b. 

Dart'moor,  England,  Y.  693.  Prison,  2  c  (ill.). 

Dartmouth  [dart'-muth],  borough  of  England, 
Y.  694. 

Dartmouth  College,  Y.  694  (ill.).  Agricul¬ 
tural  department,  2  c;  medical,  695,  1  b. 
History,  2  a.  Benefactions  to :  see  Went¬ 
worth,  XYI.  564,  1  b,  2  a.  Inviolability  of 
its  charter  established,  V.  696,  1  a ;  IY.  323, 

2  ab  ;  XYI.  529,  2  be. 

Daru,  Pierre  Antoine  Noel  Bruno,  count 
[da-rti],  French  historian,  V.  696.  Napo¬ 
leon,  count,  statesman,  2  a. 

Darwar',  district  of  India,  Y.  696.  Town,  2  c. 

Dar'wen,  town  of  England,  Y.  697. 

Darwin,  Charles  Robert,  English  naturalist, 
Y.  697.  “  Origin  of  Species  by  means  of 

Natural  Selection,”  1  c  ;  object  of  the  work, 
2  a.  See  Evolution,  YII.  13,  2  c,  14,  2  a,  b,  c ; 
YIII.  372,  2  be.  His  investigations  of  insec¬ 
tivorous  plants,  YI.  123,  1  b ;  XY.  480,  1  b. 

Darwin,  Erasmus,  English  physiologist  and 
poet,  V.  697.  Yiews  on  evolution,  YII.  10, 
1  c.  Origin  of  ideas,  XIII.  445,  2  a. 

Darwinism,  doctrine  of  evolution,  YIII.  371, 
1  a.  See  Darwin,  Charles  Robert,  and  Evo¬ 
lution,  YII.  13,  2  c,  14,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Daschkaw ,  princess,  memoirs  of,  Y.  698,  2  b. 

Da'sent,  GeorgeWebbe,  English  author,  Y.  698. 

Dash,  Countess  (pseudonyme),  French  au¬ 
thoress,  Y.  698. 

Dashkoff,  Yekaterina  Romanovna,  Russian 
princess,  Y.  698;  IY.  Ill,  2  a.  Her  me¬ 
moirs,  Y.  698,  2  b. 

Das  reine  Seyn  [das  rl'-nSh  zine],  philosophical 
phrase,  I.  34,  2  a. 

Dastagerd residence  of  Chosroes  II.,  IY. 
520,  1  a. 

DasyV ophus  (ornithology),  YII.  104,  2  a.  D. 
Cumingii,  ib.  D.  superciliosus,  2  b. 

Dasyproc' ta  (zoology),  I.  190.  D.  aguti,  2  a 
(ill.).  Other  species,  2  c. 

Das'ypus  (zoology),  I.  720,  1  ab.  D.  sexcinc- 
tus  or  D.  encoubert  (ill.),  1  b. 

Da'syure,  marsupial  animal,  Y.  698.  Tas¬ 
manian  or  native  devil,  2  c.  Common,  699, 

1  ab  (ill.,  698). 


252 


DASYURUS 


DAYIS 


Dasyu'rus  (zoology) :  see  Dasyure. 

Dat'alyte  (chemistry),  X.  479,  2  a. 

Date  Palm,  Y.  699  (ill.). 

Date  Plum,  Y.  699.  Chinese,  700,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Persimmon,  1  b  (ill.). 

Date  shell ,  XY.  400,  1  b  (ill.). 

Dathius ,  archpriest,  founder  of  a  Milan  found¬ 
ling  hospital,  YII.  347,  1  b. 

Datu'ra,  genus  of  narcotic  plants,  Y.  700. 
D.  stramonium,  2  a  (ill.).  D.  ferox,  2  c. 
D.  arborea  (Brugmansia),  701,  1  a  (ill.). 
Daub,  Karl  [dowp],  German  theologian,  V.  701. 
Daubenton,  Louis  Jean  Marie  [d6-bang-toDg], 
French  naturalist,  Y.  701.  Marguerite,  nov¬ 
elist,  702,  1  ab. 

Dau'beny,  Charles  Giles  Bridle,  English  nat¬ 
ural  philosopher,  Y.  702. 

D’Aubigne  :  see  Mekle  d’AubignI:. 

Daucus  carota  (botany),  IY.  31,  2  ab. 

Daudin,  Francois  Marie  [do-dang],  French  nat¬ 
uralist,  Y.  702. 

Daughters  of  charity ,  religious  order,  YII. 
427,  1  b. 

Daulis,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  Y.  702. 
Daumas,  Melchior  Joseph  Eugene  [do-mas], 
French  soldier  and  author,  Y.  702. 

Daumat :  see  Domat. 

Daumer,  Prof,  [dow'-mer],  (Georg  Friedrich, 
born  1800) :  see  Hauser,  Kaspar. 

Daun,  Leopold  Joseph  Maria,  count  [down], 
Austrian  general,  Y.  702. 

Daunians,  early  Italian  race,  IX.  439,  1  be. 
Daunou,  Pierre  Claude  Francois  [do-noo], 
French  scholar  and  politician,  Y.  702. 
Daunus ,  king  (in  Apulia),  YI.  121,  2  c. 
Dauphin,  title,  Y.  703. 

Dauphin,  county,  Y.  703. 

Dauphine  [do-fe-na] :  see  Dauphiny. 
Dau'phiny,  old  province  of  France,  Y.  703. 

History,  2  a.  Dialect  of,  XIY.  39,  2  b. 
Dav'enant,  Sir  William,  English  dramatist, 
Y.  703.  Charles,  political  writer,  704,  1  b. 
Dav'enport,  city  of  Iowa,  Y.  704. 

Davenport,  John,  Puritan  preacher,  Y.  705. 
First  constitution  of  the  Connecticut  colony, 
1  be.  The  regicides  Goffe  and  Whalley,  1  c. 
Davey's  powder,  explosive,  YII.  35,  2  a. 

D’ Av'ezac,  Auguste  Genevieve  Y alentin,  Amer¬ 
ican  lawyer,  Y.  705. 

D'Avezac,  M.,  on  the  date  of  Sebastian  Cabot’s 
map,  and  his  nationality,  III.  530,  1  a  and  be. 
David,  king  of  Israel,  Y.  705 ;  YIII.  586,  1  c. 
David  II. :  see  Bruce,  III.  352,  2  b. 

David,  city  of:  see  Zion.  Tomb  of,  IX.  C 17,  2  c. 


David,  Fffiicien  Cesar  [da-veed],  French  com¬ 
poser,  Y.  706.  (Died  1876.) 

David,  Ferdinand  [da'-vit],  German  musician, 
Y.  706. 

David,  Jacques  Louis,  French  painter,  Y.  706. 

David,  Pierre  Jean,  French  sculptor,  Y.  707. 

Davidis ,  anti-Trinitarian,  XY.  145,  2  c. 

Davids ,  torpedoes,  XY.  805,  2  be. 

Davids ,  John ,  pseudonyme  :  see  Dixwell. 

Davidson,  three  counties,  Y.  707. 

Davidson,  Lucretia  Maria,  American  poetess, 
Y.  707.  Margaret  Miller,  708,  1  a. 

Davidson  College,  village  and  college  of 
North  Carolina,  Y.  708. 

Davie,  county,  Y.  708. 

Davies,  Charles,  American  mathematician,  Y. 
708.  (Died  1876.) 

Davies,  Sir  John,  English  lawyer  and  poet, 
Y.  708. 

Davies,  Samuel,  American  theologian,  Y.  708. 

Daviess  [da'- vis],  three  counties,  Y.  708. 

Daviess,  Joseph  Hamilton  (Jo  Daviess),  Amer¬ 
ican  lawyer  and  soldier,  Y.  709. 

Davila,  Enrico  Caterino  [da'-ve-la],  Italian 
historian,  Y.  709. 

Davila ,  Spanish  adventurer,  II.  236,  1  c. 

Davis,  four  counties,  Y.  710. 

Davis,  photographs  of  the  sun’s  corona  by, 
XY.  475,  1  b. 

Davis,  Andrew  Jackson,  American  clairvoyant, 
Y.  710. 

Davis,  Charles  Henry,  naval  officer,  Y.  710. 

Davis,  Edwin  Hamilton,  physician  and  archae¬ 
ologist,  Y.  711. 

Davis,  Henry,  clergyman,  Y.  711. 

Davis,  Henry  Winter,  statesman,  Y.  711. 

Davis,  Jefferson,  American  soldier  and  states¬ 
man,  Y.  711.  U.  S.  senator,  712,  1  c.  Secre¬ 
tary  of  war,  2  ab.  Again  senator,  2  b.  Ac¬ 
tive  in  the  secession  conspiracy,  713,  1  a. 
President  of  the  Confederate  States,  1  c. 
His  unpopularity  after  great  reverses,  714, 
2  b.  Acknowledges  the  failure  of  all  re¬ 
sources,  2  c.  Surrender  of  Lee’s  army,  716, 
2  a.  Imprisonment  and  release,  2  b-c. 

Davis,  Jefferson  C.,  American  soldier,  V.  717. 

Davis,  John,  English  navigator,  V.  717 ;  I. 
669,  1  a.  His  back  staff,  XII.  180,  2  c. 

Davis,  John,  American  jurist,  Y.  717. 

Davis,  Sir  John  Francis,  English  diplomatist 
and  orientalist,  V.  717. 

Davis,  Matthew  L.,  American  writer,  Y.  717- 

Davis,  Thomas,  Irish  poet,  V.  717. 

Davis  Strait,  North  Atlantic,  Y.  718. 


DAVOS 


DE  BAY 


253 


Davos  [da'-voce],  valley  of  Switzerland,  Y. 
718.  Davos  am  Platz  [am  plats],  watering 
place,  1  b. 

Davocst,  or  Davout,  Louis  Nicolas  [da-voo], 
French  marshal,  Y.  718. 

Davy,  Sir  Humphry,  English  chemist,  Y.  718. 
His  chemical  lectures  and  discoveries,  1  b ; 
YII.  83,  2  b.  His  discovery  of  the  action  of 
marine  plants  upon  the  air,  Y.  719,  1  a. 
Miner’s  safety  lamp,  2  c;  X.  130,  2  c,  131, 
1  a  (ill.).  Priority  of  his  invention  disputed, 
Y.  720,  1  a.  Experiments  in  electro-chem¬ 
istry,  IY.  366,  2  be.  Heat  and  mechanical 
motion  demonstrated  to  be  convertible  terms, 
VIII.  567,  2  c ;  V.  378,  1  c.  His  discovery 
of  chloride  of  nitrogen,  VII.  38,  2  b.  His 
kindness  to  Faraday,  82,  2  be.  Compound 
character  of  potash  and  soda  proved  by  him, 
597, 1  b;  IY.  366,  2  c.  Discovery  in  electro¬ 
magnetism,  YI.  513,  2  b.  Development  of 
heat  by  friction,  YII.  491,  2  be. — John,  phy¬ 
sician,  Y.  720,  2  c.  His  experiments  on  the 
blood,  II.  733,  1  b,  c ;  735, 1  be. 

Daica ,  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Dawamoli ,  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Dawes,  Rufus,  American  poet,  Y.  721. 

Dawison,  Bogumil  [da'-ve-sun],  Polish  actor, 
Y.  721. 

Dawson,  three  counties,  Y.  721. 

Dawson ,  county  seats,  V.  721,  2  a  (now  Plum 
Creek);  XY.  662,  2  b. 

Dawson,  John  William,  Canadian  geologist,  Y. 

721.  On  the  deposits  of  the  drift  formation, 
YI.  Ill,  2  c,  113,  2  a.  Examinations  of  fos¬ 
sil  footprints  by  him,  YII.  342,  1  c,  2  a,  b. 

Dawsonville ,  county  seat,  Y.  721,  2  a. 

Dax,  town  of  France,  Y.  722. 

Day,  Y.  722.  Sidereal,  1  b;  astronomical, 
1  b  and  c ;  mean  solar,  1  c.  Mean  solar 
and  apparent  time,  ib.  Equation  of  time,  ib. 

Day,  Jeremiah,  president  of  Yale  college,  Y. 

722. 

Day,  Stephen,  first  printer  in  New  England, 
Y.  722. 

Day,  Thomas,  English  author  and  philanthro¬ 
pist,  Y.  723. 

Day  boo/c,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  81,  1  a. 

Day  cloud ,  IV.  710,  1  be. 

Day  fly :  see  XI  ay  fly  ,  XI.  302,  2  b. 

Day  of  the  barricades ,  VIII.  315,  2  c. 

Day  of  the  slaves:  see  Diana,  YI.  77,  2  be. 

Day's  eye :  see  Daisy. 

Days  of  abstinence ,  YII.  93,  1  b. 

Days  of  grace,  in  law,  XII.  214,  2  c. 


Dayton,  city  of  Ohio,  Y.  723. 

Dayton ,  county  seat,  X.  755,  1  c. 

Dayton,  Elias,  American  military  officer,  Y. 

724.  Jonathan,  statesman,  1  c.  William 
Lewis,  statesman,  2  a. 

Deacon,  in  the  Christian  church,  Y.  724. 
Deaconess,  in  the  early  Christian  church,  Y. 

725.  Modern  institution  of  deaconesses,  1  c. 
Deacon's  book :  see  Missal,  XI.  635,  2  be. 
Dead-eyes ,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  865,  1  ab. 

Deadly  nightshade ,  II.  501,  1  a. 

Dead  reckoning ,  in  navigation,  XII.  181,  2  b. 
Dead  Sea,  Y.  725  ;  X.  751, 1  be.  Analyses  of 
its  water,  Y.  727,  1  c. 

Dead  sea  of  California ,  III.  601,  2  a. 

Deaf  and  Dumb,  Y.  727.  Tables  of,  728-’9. 
Causes  of  deafness,  729,  1  c;  YI.  352,  1  b. 
Deaf-mute  education,  Y.  730,  1  ab;  first 
suggested,  I.  193,  1  c ;  first  systematic  at¬ 
tempt,  Y.  730,  2  ab.  Schools  in  Great  Brit¬ 
ain,  731,  2  c ;  in  Germany,  732,  1  c ;  in 
France,  733,  1  ab;  in  America,  734,  1  b  ;  in 
Canada,  2  c.  Table  of  American  institu¬ 
tions,  735.  Existing  institutions  in  Europe, 
736,  1  b,  ff.  Psychical  condition  and  meth¬ 
ods  of  education,  737,  2  a.  Language  of 
signs,  738,  2  be.  Manual  alphabets  :  double¬ 
hand,  739  ;  single-hand,  740:  see  Bonet,  and 
Dalgarno.  Legal  status,  740,  2  c.  Num¬ 
ber  who  have  attained  eminence,  741,  1  a. 
Deaf  adder ,  Y.  321,  1  a. 

Deafness ,  extent  of,  Y.  727,  2  c.  Causes  of, 
729,  1  c ;  YI.  352,  1  b. 

Dear,  Ferencz  [da'-ak],  Hungarian  statesman, 
Y.  741 ;  IX.  61,  2  ab.  (Died  1876.) 

Deal,  borough  of  England,  Y.  741. 

Dean,  title,  Y.  741.  In  the  English  church, 
742,  1  c. 

Dean  of  the  arches ,  I.  649,  2  c. 

Deane,  James,  American  physician,  V.  742. 
Deane,  Silas,  American  diplomatist,  Y.  742. 
Relations  between  him  and  Arthur  Lee,  X. 
296,  2  c,  297,  1  ab. 

Dean  Forest,  England,  Y.  743;  VIII.  38,  1  b. 
Dearborn  [deer'-burn],  county,  V.  743. 
Dearborn,  Henry,  American  general,  Y.  743. 
Henry.  Alexander  Scammell,  lawyer,  author, 
and  politician,  2  b. 

Dearborn  observatory ,  Chicago,  IY.  405,  2  c. 
Death ,  violent :  see  Medical  Jurisprudence. 
Death  of  Basel,  epidemic,  II.  358,  1  b. 

Death  Watch,  insect,  Y.  743  (ill.). 

Debajy  Oghlu,  Armenian  priest,  I.  726,  1  c. 

De  Bay  :  see  Baius. 


254 


DEBENTURE 


DEEMSTERS 


Debenture,  in  commerce,  Y.  744. 

Debra  birhan ,  part  of  Gondar,  VIII.  97,  1  a. 
Debra  Libanos  and  Debra  Damo,  Abyssinian 
convents,  I.  49,  1  ab. 

Debreczin  [deb'-ret-sin],  town  of  Hungary,  Y. 
744. 

Debt ,  imprisonment  for :  see  Acton  Burnell, 
and  Y.  745,  2  a,  b.  Abolition  of,  2  c,  and 
746,  1  a,  ff. 

Debtor  and  Creditor,  Y.  745.  In  ancient 
countries,  1  ab.  In  the  United  States,  2  be, 
and  746,  1  c.  In  England,  746,  1  ab.  In 
France,  2  c. 

Debtor"1  s  right  of  sanctuary,  II.  49,  2  a  and  b. 
Debtors ’  sanctuary,  in  Edinburgh,  VI.  406, 1  be ; 
II.  49,  2  ab. 

Decalogue,  Y.  747;  VIII.  583,  2  c. 

Decamps,  Alexandre  Gabriel  [duh-kang],  French 
painter,  Y.  747. 

De  Candolle  :  see  Candolle. 

Dec'apods,  crustaceans,  Y.  747. 

Decap'olis,  district  of  Palestine,  Y.  747. 
Deca'tur,  four  counties,  Y.  747. 

Decatur,  village  of  Georgia,  Y.  748. 

Decatur,  city  of  Illinois,  Y.  748. 

Decatur ,  county  seats,  I.  82,  1  b ;  XI.  363,  1  a; 
XYI.  688,  2  c. 

Decatur,  Stephen,  American  naval  officer,  Y. 

748.  Stephen,  jr.,  2  c. 

Decaturville,  county  seat,  Y.  748,  1  a. 
Decazes,  Rlie,  duke  [diih-kaz],  French  states¬ 
man,  Y.  750. 

Decazeville,  town  of  France,  Y.  750. 

Deccan,  The,  region  of  India,  Y.  750 ;  IX. 
201,  1  b. 

Deccanese',  Hindoo  dialect,  IX.  217,  1  a. 
Deceb'alus,  king :  see  Dacia,  and  Trajan. 
December,  month,  Y.  750. 

December  liberties,  saturnalia  at  Christmas,  IY. 
551,  1  a. 

Decemvirs,  Roman  magistrates,  Y.  751.  De¬ 
cemviri  legibus  scribendis,  1  a;  litibus  judi- 
candis,  1  c ;  sacris  faciundis,  ib. 
Decephalization ,  XIII.  429,  1  a. 

Decetia  :  see  Decize. 

De  Charms,  Richard,  American  clergyman,  V. 
751. 

Decigramme  [des'-e-gram] :  see  Gramme. 
Decimal,  Y.  751.  Origin  of  decimal  notation, 
XIY.  615,  2  ab.  Supposed  (modern)  inven¬ 
tor  of,  III.  569,  1  a. 

Decimal  scale  of  numbers,  I.  708,  1  b. 

Decime  [da-seem] :  see  Franc,  YII.  365,  2  b. 
Decius,  Caius  Messius  Quintus  Trajanus,  em¬ 


peror  of  Rome,  Y.  751.  His  persecution  of 
the  Christians,  752,  1  a ;  615,  1  ab. 

Decius  Mus,  Publius,  three  Roman  consuls,  Y. 
752. 

Decize  [duh-seez],  town  of  France,  Y.  752. 
Deck  beams,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  861,  2  ab. 

Decken,  Karl  Klaus  von  der,  German  travel¬ 
ler,  Y.  752. 

Decker,  Jeremias  de,  Dutch  poet,  Y.  752. 
Decker,  Thomas,  English  dramatist,  Y.  752. 
Deckle ,  frame  in  paper  making,  XIII.  49,  1  a. 
Declaration  of  Independence ,  of  the  United 
States,  movement  in  Virginia  preparatory  to 
it,  X.  292,  2  a.  Passage  of  it  in  congress, 
IX.  590,  1  c.  Authorship  of,  I.  87,  2  b  ;  IX. 
590,  2  a.  Text  of,  XYI.  157,  1  c,  ff. 
Declaration  of  indulgence,  by  King  James  II., 

IX.  518,  2  ab ;  YI.  628,  2  a. 

Declaration  of  rights,  by  the  continental  con¬ 
gress,  XYI.  155,  2  be. 

Declarations  of  the  French  clergy :  see  Galli- 
can  Church,  YII.  578,  2  a. 

Declination,  in  astronomy,  XII.  181,  2  be. 

How  found,  XY.  843,  1  a;  845,  1  a. 

Decline,  the:  see  Consumption,  Y.  282,  1  c. 
Decolorizers :  see  Bone  Black,  III.  62,  2  a. 
Decollated  univalves ,  Y.  202,  2  b. 

Deco' rah,  county  seat,  XYI.  670,  2  c. 
Decorticated  bivalves,  V.  202,  2  b. 

Decreta,  sentences  of  the  Roman  imperial  tri¬ 
bunal,  IY.  620,  2  c.  Decreta  of  church 
councils,  Y.  423,  2  b. 

Decretals,  papal,  Y.  752.  Isidorian,  2  c. 
Decretum,  collection  of  canon  law,  III.  719, 1  a. 
Decumano'rum  Colo'nia  (Narbonne),  XII.  143, 
2  b. 

Decuma'tes  A'gri ,  tract  of  land  in  Germany. 

IY.  127,  2  c. 

Decurio'nes,  Roman  magistrates,  Y.  753. 
Decussation,  in  anatomy,  XII.  237,.  2  c. 
Dedham,  town  of  Massachusetts,  Y.  753. 
Dediticii,  Roman  freedmen,  YII.  469,  1  c. 

De  donis,  statute,  Y.  150,  2  a. 

Deductor,  kind  of  dolphin,  YI.  193,  1  a. 

Dee,  river  of  Wales,  Y.  753.  Of  Scotland 
(two),  2  b.  Of  Ireland,  2  be. 

Dee,  John,  English  astrologer,  Y.  753. 

Deed,  in  law,  Y.  754.  Indenture,  in  English 
conveyancing,  1  c;  deed  poll,  2  a.  Consid¬ 
eration,  2  b.  At  common  law,  755,  1  a. 
Recording  of  deeds,  2  be. 

Deed  of  Declaration,  Wesley’s,  XI.  452, 1  be,  2  b. 
Deems,  Charles  F.,  American  clergyman,  Y.  756. 
Deemsters'  courts ,  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  XI.  87, 1  a. 


DEEP 


DELAROCIIE 


255 


Deep  River,  North  Carolina,  V.  756. 

Deep  Rock  Spring  water,  XII.  727,  1  c. 

Deep-sea  fauna,  YI.  258,  1  c ;  259,  2  c. 

Deep-Sea  Soundings  :  see  Atlantic  Ocean, 
II.  69,  2  a ;  Dredging,  Deep-Sea ;  and  Hy¬ 
drography,  IX.  114,  1  a. 

Deer,  Y.  756.  Anatomical  description,  2  a. 
Classification,  757, 1  ab.  Spotted  axis,  758, 
1  b  (ill.).  Guazupuco  deer,  2  a  (ill.).  Ameri¬ 
can  deer,  2  c  (ill.,  759).  Californian  or  black¬ 
tailed  deer,  760,  1  a  (ill.).  Mule  deer,  2  b 
(ill.).  Age  of,  liow  indicated,  1. 183, 1  c,  2  a. 

Deerberry,  XYI.  674,  2  ab. 

Deerfield,  town  of  Massachusetts,  Y.  761. 
Indian  massacre,  2  a.  French  and  Indian 
massacre,  2  b. 

Deer  Grass,  Y.  761  (ill.).  Meadow  beauty, 
762,  1  a. 

Deerhound,  English  yacht,  XI Y.  763,  1  c. 

Deer  Lodge,  county,  Y.  762. 

Deer  Lodge,  county  seat,  Y.  762,  1  ab. 

Deer-sheep,  XI Y.  91,  1  ab. 

DeeS s-tongue,  plant,  XYI.  261,  2  c. 

De  estoveriis  habendis ,  writ,  YI.  742,  1  c. 

Defamation,  in  law,  X.  394,  2  a. 

Defeasance,  Deed  of,  Y.  762;  XI.  851,  1  ab. 

Defenders :  see  Orangemen,  XII.  667,  1  b. 

Deffand,  Marie,  marquise  du  [dti  da-fang],  Y. 
762 ;  X.  369,  2  a. 

Defiant:  see  Deffand. 

Defiance,  county,  Y.  762. 

Defiance,  county  seat,  Y.  762,  2  ab. 

Defibrer,  instrument  for  making  wood  pulp, 
XIII.  48,  1  b. 

Defilement,  in  fortification,  YII.  333,  2  b. 

Defiagrator ,  Hare’s,  YIII.  458,  2  c. 

Defoe,  Daniel,  English  novelist  and  political 
writer,  Y.  762.  His  political  tracts  and 
satires,  763,  1  a.  “Robinson  Crusoe,”  2  b. 
Other  works,  2  c.  His  device  to  promote 
the  sale  of  “  Drelincourt  on  Death,”  764, 1  a ; 
VI.  260,  1  b. 

De  Forest,  John  William,  American  author, 
V.  764. 

De  Geer :  see  Geer,  Karl  do. 

Deger,  Ernst  [da'-gher],German  painter,  V.  764. 

De  Gerando  :  see  Gerando. 

Degree,  Y.  764.  In  algebra,  2  b.  In  trigo¬ 
nometry,  ib.  Of  latitude,  ib.  Of  longitude, 
765,  1  a. 

De  Grey ,  Earl :  see  Ripon. 

De  hceretico  comburendo ,  act,  X.  587,  1  b. 

Dehis'cence ,  in  botany,  XIII.  590,  2  ab.  Locu- 
licidal  dehiscence,  591,  1  be;  septicidal,  ib. 


Dehli  [da'-le] :  see  Delhi. 

Dehn,  Siegfried  Wilhelm  [dain],  German  mu¬ 
sician,  Y.  765. 

De  Hondt :  see  Canisius,  Petrus. 

Dehra  Doon :  see  Deyra  Doon. 

Deioces  [de-i'-o-seez] :  see  Media,  XI.  332,  2  c. 

Deiopeia  bella  [de-i-o-pe'-ya],  moth,  XI.  868, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Deiotarus  [de-i-ot'-a-rus],  king  of  Galatia, 
YIII.  557,  2  b. 

Deipara  [de-ip'- a-ra],  (mother  of  God) :  see 
Mary,  XI.  217,  2  ab,  be  (Qeo-nkof) ;  com¬ 
pare  Nestorius,  XII.  241,  2  c.  Controversy 
in  the  Abyssinian  church,  I.  48,  2  c. 

Deir  el-Kamr  [dair  el-kamr’] :  see  Druses, 
YI.  275,  2  b  (ill.). 

Deirochelys  reticula'ta  [di-rok'-e-lis],  terrapin, 
XV.  661,  2  c. 

DkjAZET,  Pauline  Yirginie  [da-zka-za],  French 
actress,  Y.  765.  (Died  1875.) 

Dejean,  Pierre  Francois  Marie  Auguste,  count 
[duh-zhang],  French  general  and  entomolo¬ 
gist,  Y.  765. 

De  Ju're  Belli  et  Pads,  by  Grotius,  its  influ¬ 
ence  on  international  law,  X.  222,  2  b. 

Dejure  quiritio,  in  Roman  law,  I.  191,  2  c. 

De  Kalb  [de  kalb],  six  counties,  Y.  765. 

De  Kalb,  county  seat,  IX.  786,  1  c. 

De  Kalb,  John,  baron,  general  in  the  Ameri¬ 
can  army,  Y.  766. 

De  Kay,  Dr.  (James  E.,  1792-1851),  American 
naturalist,  his  division  of  fishes,  IX.  162, 
1  ab ;  classification  of  reptiles,  YIII.  695,  1  c. 

Dekker,  Jeremias  de :  see  Decker. 

Dekker,  Thomas :  see  Decker. 

De  la  Beche,  Sir  Henry  Thomas  [deh  la  baisb], 
English  geologist,  Y.  766. 

Delacroix,  Ferdinand  Victor  Eugene  [duh- 
la-krwa],  French  painter,  Y.  766. 

Delago'a  Bay,  Africa,  Y.  767. 

De  la  Guard,  Theodore,  pseudonyme,  XYI. 
449,  2  a. 

Delambre,  Jean  Baptiste  Joseph  [duh-langbr’], 
French  astronomer,  Y.  767. 

De  Lance y,  William  Heathcote,  American 
bishop,  Y.  767. 

Delane',  William  Augustus  Frederick,  English 
journalist,  Y.  767.  John  Thaddeus,  editor  of 
the  London  “Times,”  2  c.  (Retired  1877.) 

De  la  Rame,  Louisa  (Ouida),  [deh  la  ra-ma'J, 
English  novelist,  V.  767. 

De  la  Rive :  see  La  Rive. 

Delarociie,  Paul  [dull -la-rush],  French  painter, 
Y.  768. 


256 


DELAROCHE 


DELTA 


Delaroche  and  Berard  [ba-rar],  their  method 
for  determining  specific  heat  of  gases,  VIII. 
576,  1  a. 

Delaunay,  Charles  Eugene  [duh-ld-na],  French 
astronomer,  Y.  768. 

Delavigne,  Jean  Francois  Casimir  [duh-la- 
veeny1],  French  poet,  Y.  768. 

Del'aware,  state,  Y.  769.  State  seal,  ib. 
Population,  2  c.  Physical  features,  770,  1  c. 
Climate,  2  b.  Soil  and  productions,  2  c. 
Industries,  771,  2  a.  Commerce,  1  b.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  1  c.  Constitution  and 
government,  2  c.  Finances,  772,  2  b.  Edu¬ 
cation,  773,  1  c.  Churches,  774,  1  ab.  His¬ 
tory,  1  b. 

Delaware,  five  counties,  Y.  774. 

Delaware,  or  Delaware  Court  House,  town 
of  Ohio,  Y.  775. 

Delaware,  Lord :  see  Delaw arr. 

Delaware  Bay,  Y.  775. 

Delaware  breakwater ,  III.  238,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Delaware  and  Hudson  canal ,  III.  686,  2  be ; 
I.  552,  1  be. 

Delaware  River,  V.  776. 

Delawares,  Indian  tribe,  Y.  776. 

Delaware  Water  Gap ,  Y.  776,  1  b. 

Delaware,  Thomas  West,  lord,  governor  of 
Virginia,  Y.  778.  Charles  Richard  Sack- 
ville-West,  present  Earl  Delawarr,  1  c. 

Del'bruck,  Martin  Friedrich  Rudolph,  German 
statesman,  Y.  778. 

Del  credere  commission  :  see  Factor,  VII. 
55,  1  c. 

Delegations ,  of  the  Papal  States,  X.  318,  2  b. 

Delenda  est  Carthago :  see  Cato,  IV.  123,  1  c. 

Delescluze,  Louis  Charles  [duh-la-kliiz], 
French  revolutionist,  Y.  778. 

Delessert,  Benjamin  [duh-la-sair],  French 
financier  and  naturalist,  Y.  778. 

Deleuze  [duh-luz],  historian  of  animal  magne¬ 
tism,  I.  526,  2  a. 

Delft,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  Y.  778.  Town 
hall  (ill.),  779.  Delft  religious  association 
( Christo  sacrum ),  1  c.  Delft  Haven,  2  a. 

Delftshaven  [delfts'-ha-ven] :  see  Delft,  Y. 
779,  2  a. 

Delft  Ware,  V.  779 ;  XIII.  782,  2  a. 

Deliii  [del'-e],  city  of  British  India,  Y.  779  ; 
view,  780.  History,  2  c.  Capital  of  the 
Mogul  empire,  781,  1  a.  Mutiny  of  1857,  1  b. 

Delhi  [del'-hf],  county  seats,  Y.  775,  1  a,  2  b. 

Delhi  canal ,  IX.  713,  1  a. 

Deli'lah:  see  Samson. 

Delille,  Jacques  [duh-leel],  French  poet,  Y.  781. 


Deliniers,  Jacques  Antoine  Marie  [duh-le- 
nyair],  viceroy  of  Buenos  Ayres,  Y.  781. 
Delirium  ebriositatis :  see  Delirium  Tremens. 
Delirium  of  labor,  XIV.  70,  1  a. 

Delirium  Tremens, Y.  781.  Treatment,  782, 1  c. 
Delisle  :  see  Lisle. 

Delitzsch  [da'-litch],  town  of  Prussia,  Y.  782. 
Delitzsch,  Franz,  German  theologian,  Y.  782. 
Delius,  Nikolaus  [da'-le-oos],  German  scholar, 
Y.  782. 

Delivery ,  in  law,  II.  310,  2  a;  Y.  145,  2  b; 

VII.  446,  2  c.  See  Livery  of  Seisin. 

Della  Crusca ,  academy,  I.  50, 1  c ;  VII.  276,  2  a. 

Dictionary  of  the,  I.  50,  1  c;  YI.  94,  1  be. 
Della  Cruscan  school  of  poetry ,  in  England, 

VI.  642,  2  c ;  VII.  804,  1  be. 

Del  Nor'te,  county,  Y.  782. 

Del  Norte ,  county  seat,  XIY.  341,  2  a. 

De  V  Obel:  see  Lobel. 

Delolme,  Jean  Louis  [duh-lolm],  Swiss  author, 
Y.  783. 

Delorme,  Marion  [duh-lorm],  French  courte¬ 
san,  Y.  783. 

De'los,  Grecian  island,  Y.  783 :  see  Latona. 

Confederacy  of,  II.  55,  2  c;  VIII.  190,  2  c. 
Delpech,  Jacques  Mathieu  [del-pesli],  French 
surgeon,  Y.  784. 

Delphi,  town  of  ancient  Greece,  Y.  784.  Site, 

1  c  (ill.,  785).  Legendary  origin  of  its  tem¬ 
ple,  ib.  Sacred  wars,  2  be.  Description, 
785,  1  a.  Pythia,  priestess  of  the  oracle, 

2  ab.  Castalian  fountain,  2  be.  Oracle  of, 
2  a;  XII.  660,  1  c. 

Delphi ,  county  seat,  IY.  30,  1  b. 
Delphinap'terus  (zoology),  YI.  192,  2  c.  D. 
Peronii,  ib. 

Delphin  Classics,  Y.  785;  IX.  31,  2  a. 
Delphin'ia ,  extract,  Y.  786,  1  a. 

Delphinic  acid:  see  Valerianic  Acid. 
Delphinidce ,  dolphin  family :  see  Dolphin. 
Delphinium,  genus  of  plants,  V.  785.  D.  sta- 
phisagria,  2  c  (ill.,  786).  D.  ajacis  (ill.),  786, 
2  a.  D.  elatum  (ill.),  ib.  Perennial  delphin¬ 
iums,  1  c.  Other  species. 

Delphinorhyn'chus  (zoology),  YI.  193,  1  be. 
D.  rnicropterus,  1  c. 

Delphi' nus  (zoology),  YI.  190,  2  b.  D.  del  phis, 
191,  2  c  (ill.,  192).  D.  tursio,  192,  2  a  (ill.). 
D.  plumbeus,  &c.,  ib .,  ff. 

Delta,  two  counties,  Y.  786. 

Delta ,  of  the  Mississippi,  I.  338,  2  b,  XI.  660v 
2  c ;  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra,  I.  338,  2  c, 

VII.  610,  2  a;  Nile,  XII.  451,  2  c. 

Delta ,  nom  de  plume  :  see  Moir. 


DELTOIDES 

Deltoi'des  (moths),  XI.  870,  1  a. 

Deluo,  Jean  Andre  [duh-liik],  physicist,  V. 

787.  Guillaume  Antoine,  naturalist,  2  a. 
Deluge,  the  Noachian,  Y.  787.  Ancient  tra¬ 
ditions,  1  ab.  The  Chaldean  account,  2  c; 
577,  1  be  (ill.).  Was  the  deluge  universal? 

788,  1  c.  Date  of,  according  to  the  text  of 
the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  IY.  559,  1  b.  Diffi¬ 
culties  of  that  date,  ib.  Effects  attributed  to 
the  deluge :  see  Geology,  YII.  687,  2  b ;  688, 
1  ab,  c,  2  a. 

Delus :  see  Delos. 

Delvigne's  pistol  [del-veeny’j,  XIII.  544,  2  c 
(ill.).  Delvigne’s  rifle,  XIY.  329,  2  be  (ill.). 
Demades  [dem'-a-deez],  Athenian  statesman 
and  orator,  Y.  788.  Enemy  of  Demosthenes, 
800,  1  a.  Peace  of,  XIII.  408,  1  ab. 
Demand ,  waiver  of,  XII.  214,  2  be. 

Demarch  [de'-mark] :  see  Demos. 

Demavend',  Mount,  Y.  788. 

Dem'bea,  Lake :  see  Tzana. 

Dembin'ski,  Henryk,  Polish  general,  V.  788. 
Deme:  see  Demos.  Referred  to,  II.  55,  2  ab. 

Admission  to  membership  in,  XII.  160,  1  c. 
De  medietate  linguae  (a  jury),  I.  314,  1  b,  c. 
Dementia:  see  Idiocy,  IX.  170,  1  be;  Insani¬ 
ty,  305,  2  b. 

Demerara  [dem-e-ra'-ra],  river,  Y.  789. 
Demerara,  division:  see  Guiana,  YIII.  302, 
1  b. 

Demesne  [de-meen'] :  see  Domain. 

Deme'tce ,  Celtic  tribe,  XYI.  427,  2  a. 

Deme'ter  :  see  Ceres. 

Demetrius,  name  of  several  Russian  princes, 
Y.  789.  Pseudo-Demetrius,  2  ab.  See  Godu- 
noff. 

Demetrius  Puale'reus,  Athenian  orator  and 
statesman,  Y.  790;  I.  291,  2  b.  His  mista¬ 
ken  policy  in  leaving  Greece  undefended, 
IY.  61,  1  c. 

Demetrius  Poliorce'tes,  king  of  Macedonia, 
Y.  790.  His  regard  for  art,  XIY.  33,  1  a. 
Demetrius  (I.)  Soter,  king  of  Syria,  Y.  791. 

Demetrius  Nicator,  2  b ;  I.  287,  2  c. 

Demetz ,  Frederic  Auguste  [duh-mace] :  see  Met- 

TRAY. 

De  Meurs  [deh  murce] :  see  Meursius. 
Dem'idoff,  a  Russian  noble  family,  Y.  791. 
Nikita,  manufacturer,  2  b.  Akinfi,  mine 
owner,  ib.  Pavel,  patron  of  science,  2  be. 
Nicolai,  soldier  and  economist,  2  c.  Anato¬ 
li,  prince,  792,  1  a ;  III.  29,  2  b. 

Demies  [de-mize'],  scholars  in  Magdalen  col¬ 
lege,  Oxford,  XII.  764,  2  a. 

17 


DEMOURS  257 

Dem'iurge  :  see  Gnostics,  YIII.  53, 1  a.  Defi¬ 
nition  of,  XII.  704,  1  b. 

Demiurgi ,  I.  63,  1  ab  (Acii^ean  League). 
Demme  [dem'-mSh],  Hermann  Christoph  Gott¬ 
fried,  German  theologian  and  poet,  Y.  792. 
Charles  Rudolph,  American  clergyman,  1  c. 
Wilhelm  Ludwig,  German  jurist,  2  a.  Her¬ 
mann,  professor  of  medicine,  ib.  Karl  Her¬ 
mann,  physician,  ib. 

Demmin  [dem-meen'J,  town  of  Prussia,  Y.  792. 
Demmit,  county,  Y.  792. 

Democe'des,  Greek  physician,  Y.  792. 
Democracy ,  free ,  political  party,  XYI.  255,  1  c, 
Democrat ,  name  applied  offensively  to  Jeffer¬ 
son’s  party,  I.  90,  1  c,  91,  1  a;  adopted  by 
Jackson’s  adherents,  103,  1  b. 

Democratic  body  politic,  the  first  formed  on  the 
American  continent,  III.  742,  2  a. 
Democ'ritus,  Greek  philosopher,  Y.  793.  His 
atomistic  theory,  1  b ;  XIII.  437,  2  a  (Phi¬ 
losophy).  His  views  concerning  heat,  YIII. 
567,  1  b. 

Democritus ,  Ghristianus,  pseudonyme,  YI.  128, 

1  a. 

Dem'odcx  (epizoa),  YI.  694,  2  ab.  D.  follicu- 
lorum,  2  b  (ill.). 

De  Modo  Agri ,  Roman  law,  I.  192,  1  c. 
Demoivre,  Abraham :  see  Moivre. 

Demol'ogos ,  first  war  steamer,  YII.  526,  2  be. 
Demonol'ogy,  V.  793.  Of  the  Buddhists,  1  c; 
Persians,  2  b;  Egyptians,  794,  1  a;  Greeks, 

1  b;  Jews,  1  c;  of  the  middle  ages,  cabal- 
ists,  &c.,  2  a.  Infernal  court  (of  demons), 

2  c.  Demons  and  sorcerers,  practices  of, 
795,  1  a.  Sorcery,  or  black  magic,  1  c.  In¬ 
vocation  of  demons,  2  b.  Diseases  attributed 
to  them,  796,  1  a. 

Demonomania ,  instance  of,  Y.  796,  2  a. 
Demons:  see  Demonology.  Demon  of  Socrates, 
794,  1  c.  Good  and  evil  demons  first  distin¬ 
guished,  ib.  Demon  Leonard,  795,  1  b. 
Dem'ophon,  guardian  of  Demosthenes,  II.  797, 
2  a ;  Y.  797,  2  a. 

De  Morgan,  Augustus,  English  mathematician, 
Y.  796.  On  logic,  X.  581,  1  be,  2  be. 
De'mos,  district  of  Attica,  Y.  797. 
Demosthenes  [de-mos'-the-neez],  Athenian  gen¬ 
eral,  Y.  797 ;  YIII.  192,  2  c,  194,  1  a. 
Demosthenes,  Athenian  statesman  and  orator, 
Y.  797.  Philippics,  798,  1  b.  Oration  on 
the  crown,  799,  1  c.  Imprisoned,  2  be ;  con¬ 
demned  to  death,  800,  1  a.  His  works,  2  a. 
Demot'ica,  town  of  Turkey,  Y.  800. 

Demours  [diih-moor],  membrane  of,  Y.  360,  2  a. 


258 


DEMPSTER 


DERBY 


Dempster,  John,  American  clergyman,  YI.  5. 

Dempster,  Thomas,  Scottish  professor  and 
author,  YI.  5. 

Demurrage,  in  maritime  law,  YI.  6.  See 
Shipping,  XI Y.  870,  1  be. 

Demurrer,  in  law,  YI.  6 ;  II.  640,  1  a ;  XIII. 
607,  2  b. 

Denain  [duh-nang],  town  of  France,  YI.  6. 

Dena'rius,  Roman  coin,  YI.  6  (ill.).  D.  au¬ 
reus,  2  b. 

Denbigh  [den'-be],  town  of  Wales,  VI.  6. 

Denbigh ,  titles  of  the  earl  of,  VIII.  450,  1  a. 

Denbighshire,  county  of  Wales,  YI.  7. 

Denderah,  ruined  town  of  Egypt,  YI.  7. 
Ruins  of,  1  c  (ill.).  Supposed  zodiac,  2  ab. 

Dendermonde  [den'-der-mon-deh],  town  of 
Belgium,  YI.  7. 

Den'drites ,  crystallizations,  VII.  196,  1  a. 

Dendro'bium  (botany),  YI.  8.  D.  alpestre,  1  b. 

Dendrocolap'tince  (ornithology),  Y.  478,  1  c. 

Dendrocygna  (ornithology),  VIII.  107,  2  c. 

Dendroi'ca  ces'tiva  (ornithology),  XYI.  779,  2  ab. 

Dendrol'agus  (zoology),  IX.  744,  2  b. 

Dendromecon  rigidum  (botany),  XIII.  715,  2  b. 

Dengue  [deng'-ga],  disease,  YI.  8.  Treatment, 
2  b. 

Denham,  Dixon  [den'-um],  English  traveller, 
YI.  8 ;  I.  170,  2  c. 

Denham,  Sir  John,  English  poet,  YI.  9. 

Denina,  Giacomo  Maria  Carlo  [da-ne'-na],  Ital¬ 
ian  historian,  YI.  9. 

Den'is,  Saint  [Fr.  duh-ne],  apostle  and  bishop 
of  Paris,  YI.  9. 

Denison ,  county  seat,  V.  466,  1  a. 

Denison  university,  VIII.  161,  2  b. 

Denizen,  in  law,  YI.  9. 

Deniz'li,  town  of  Asia  Minor,  YI.  9. 

Denman,  Thomas,  lord  chief  justice,  YI.  10. 

Denmark,  kingdom  of  Europe,  YI.  10.  Area 
and  population,  1  c.  Physical  features,  2  a. 
Climate,  2  c.  Productions,  11,  1  a.  Indus¬ 
try,  1  b.  Commerce,  1  c.  Sound  dues,  2  b  ; 
abolished,  2  c.  Intercommunication,  12, 1  a. 
Religion,  1  b.  Education,  1  c.  Govern¬ 
ment,  2  a.  History,  18,  1  a. 

Denmark,  Language  and  Literature  of,  YI.  14. 

Dennek,  Balthasar,  German  painter,  YI.  19. 

Dennewitz  [den'-neh-vitz],  count  of,  III.  432, 1  a. 

Dennie,  Joseph,  American  author  and  journal¬ 
ist,  YI.  19. 

Dennis,  town  of  Massachusetts,  YI.  19. 

Dennis,  John,  English  writer,  YI.  19. 

Denon,  Dominique  Yivant,  baron  [dfih-nong], 
French  archaeologist,  YI.  20. 


Density,  XIII.  719,  1  ab. 

Dent,  county,  YI.  20. 

Denta'lium,  or  Tooth  Shell,  YI.  20.  Dentalis, 
21,  1  b  (ill.). 

Dentatus,  Manius  Curius,  Roman  consul,  YI. 

21. 

Dentibranchiata  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  b. 

Dentine  [den'-tin] :  see  Teeth,  XV.  606,  1  b. 

Dentistry,  YI.  21.  In  former  times,  2  a. 
Preservation  of  the  teeth,  22,  2  a.  Arti¬ 
ficial  teeth,  23,  2  b. 

Dentition,  VI.  24. 

Denton,  county,  YI.  25. 

Denton ,  county  seats,  IY.  14,  2  a ;  YI.  25,  2  c- 

Dentri'tis,  stone,  IX.  146,  1  a. 

Denver,  capital  of  Colorado,  YI.  25. 

Denys,  Saint :  see  Denis. 

De'odand,  in  English  law,  YI.  26. 

Deodar  tree,  IX.  203,  2  b. 

Deodorizing  process,  patent,  XIII.  373,  1  b. 

Deoghir  [de-o-gheer'J :  see  Dowletabad. 

D’Eon,  Chevalier :  see  Eon. 

De  Peyster,  Johannes  [de  pice'-ter],  a  settler 
of  Hew  Amsterdam,  VI.  26.  Abraham, 
mayor  of  Hew  York,  2  c.  Arent  Schuyler, 
loyalist  officer,  27,  1  a.  John  Watts,  mili¬ 
tary  and  historical  writer,  1  b. 

Dephlogisticated  air  (oxygen),  XII.  769,  1  ab. 

Dephlogisticated  marine  acid  air  (chlorine), 
IY.  501,  2  a. 

Depolarization :  see  Light,  X.  448,  1  b. 

Deposition,  in  law,  YI.  27.  In  ecclesiastical 
law,  1  c. 

De  Potter ,  Belgian  revolutionist :  see  Potter. 

Depping,  Georges  Bernard,  French  writer,  YI. 
27. 

De  Propaganda  Fide,  Congregatio :  see  Prop¬ 
aganda. 

Deptford  [dep'-furd],  town  of  England,  YI.  27. 

Deputy  Grecian,  at  Christ’s  hospital,  Y.  49, 
2  be. 

De  Quincey,  Thomas,  English  author,  YI.  28. 

Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  town  of  India,  YI.  29. 

Derayeh  [da-rl'-eh],  town  of  Arabia,  YI.  29. 

Derazi  [da-ra'-ze] :  see  Druses,  VI.  272,  2  b. 

Derbend',  town  of  Daghestan,  YI.  29  (ill.). 

Derbent :  see  Derbend. 

Derbets,  tribe  of  Calmucks,  III.  623,  1  c. 

Derbidjeh :  see  Derayeh. 

Derby,  town  of  Connecticut,  YI.  29. 

Derby  [dar'-be],  borough  of  England,  YI.  29. 

Derby,  the :  see  Turf,  XYI.  49,  2  c,  50,  1  a. 
Derby  stakes,  YI.  698,  2  a. 

Derby,  Edward  Geoffrey  Smitli-Stanley,  earl 


DERBYSHIRE 


DESNA 


259 


of,  British  statesman,  YI.  30.  Edward  Hen¬ 
ry  Smith-Stanley,  earl  of,  statesman,  2  c. 

Derbyshire,  county  of  England,  YI.  31.  High 
peak,  1  c.  Derbyshire  diamonds,  ib. 

Derbyshire  neck  (goitre),  VIII.  70,  2  a. 

Derbyshire  Spar,  YI.  31 ;  VII.  292,  1  a. 

Derceto,  Syrian  Venus :  seeMYLiTTA.  Temple 
of,  I.  803,  2  c. 

De  Religiosis ,  statute,  XI.  853,  2  a  ;  Y.  150,  2  a. 

De  Republica  (Cicero’s),  palimpsest  of,  XI.  132, 
2  ab. 

Derfflinger,  Georg  von  [dairf'-fling-er],  Ger¬ 
man  soldier,  YI.  31. 

Derg,  Lough  [lokh  derg],  lake  of  Ireland,  YI. 
31.  Expansion  of  the  Shannon,  32,  1  a. 

Derham,  William,  English  clergyman  and  nat¬ 
ural  philosopher,  YI.  32. 

Dermanyssus  avium  (epizoa),  YI.  695,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Dermato -skeleton,  XIII.  424,  1  a. 

Dermes'tes  (entomology),  YI.  32  ;  II.  476,  2  c. 
D.  lardarius,  YI.  32,  1  be  (ill.). 

Dermis ,  true  skin,  XY.  78,  2  c. 

Der'mody,  Thomas,  Irish  poet,  YI.  32. 

Derosne's  still  [duh-rone],  Y I.  143,  2  a  (ill.). 

Derpt  [dairpt] :  see  Dorpat. 

Derrick  :  see  Crane. 

Derry  :  see  Londonderry,  X.  621,  1  a. 

Dertosa ,  ancient  city  :  see  Tortosa. 

Dervise  [dur'-vis] :  See  Dervish. 

Dervish,  Mohammedan  monk,  YI.  32  (ill.). 
Whirling  dervishes,  33,  1  a.  Their  founder, 
1  ab ;  his  tomb,  X.  40,  1  c.  Howling  der¬ 
vishes,  YI.  33,  1  c. 

Derwent,  three  rivers  in  England,  YI.  33. 

Derwent,  river  of  Tasmania,  YI.  33. 

Derwent  water,  James  Radcliffe,  third  earl  of, 
English  rebel,  VI.  33. 

Derzhavin,  Gavriil  Romanovitch  [der-zlia'- 
vin],  Russian  poet,  YI.  34. 

Desaguadero  [da-sa-gwa-da'-ro],  river  of  Bo¬ 
livia,  YI.  34.  Plain,  1  c. 

Desaix  de  Yeygoux,  Louis  Charles  Antoine 
[diih-za  duh  va-goo],  French  general,  YI.  34. 

Desamortizacion  [da-sa-more-te-tha-the-oan'J, 
Spanish  law  of,  X.  829,  1  b. 

Desart :  see  Dysart. 

Desaugiers,  Marc  Antoine  Madeleine  [da-zo- 
zhe-a],  French  poet,  YI.  35.  His  friendship 
for  Beranger,  II.  547,  2  c. 

Desault,  Pierre  Joseph  [duh-zo],  French  sur¬ 
geon,  YI.  35. 

Des  Barres,  Joseph  Frederick  Wallet  [da  bar], 
English  soldier  and  hydrographer,  YI.  36. 

Desboisii ,  variety  of  weigela,  XYI.  537,  1  a. 


Descartes,  Ren6  [da-kart],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  YI.  36.  His  relation  to  the  progress 
of  thought,  37,  1  c.  His  fundamental  prin¬ 
ciples,  2  ab.  Starting  point  of  his  philosophy, 
ib. ;  XIII.  432,  1  b,  and  434,  2  a.  Founda¬ 
tion  of  the  later  idealism,  ib.  Ontological 
argument  for  the  being  of  a  God,  432,  1  c. 
His  philosophical  system,  441,  1  a.  Des¬ 
cartes’s  laws :  see  Light,  X.  438,  2  c ;  Op¬ 
tics,  XII.  654,  1  a ;  emission  theory,  X.  435, 

1  b.  His  theory  of  ether,  YI.  746,  1  b.  His 
theory  of  coordinates,  I.  456,  1  a;  VII.  701, 

2  b;  XI.  276,  2  a. 

Descent,  in  law,  YI.  38.  Theory  of,  VIII. 
372,  2  b.  In  Roman  law,  YI.  38,  2  b.  In 
English  common  law,  39, 1  b.  In  the  United 
States,  40,  1  c. 

Descent  cast ,  in  law,  YI.  139,  1  b. 

Deschamps,  Abbe  [da-shang],  instructor  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  Y.  733,  1  c. 

“ Deseret ,  State  of”  XVI.  235,  2  a. 

Deserter,  in  military  affairs,  YI.  40. 

Desertion:  see  Seaman,  XIY.  737,  2  ab. 

Desfontaines,  Rene  Louiche  [da-fong-tain], 
French  botanist,  YI.  41. 

Desful  [des-fool'],  city  of  Persia,  YI.  41. 

De'sha,  county,  YI.  41. 

Deshoulieres,  Antoinette  [da-zoo-lyair], 
French  authoress,  YI.  41. 

Deshtistan',  region  of  Persia,  XIII.  315,  1  c. 

Desiatina  [dez-ya-te'-na],  Russian  acre,  I.  72, 
2  c. 

Deside'rius ,  king  of  the  Lombards,  IV.  289,  2  c. 

Desire  Hazard  [da-ze-ra  a-zar],  pseudonyme, 
VII.  163,  1  be. 

D  Hslon ,  Dr.  [da-long],  mesmerist,  I.  525,  2  c. 

Des'man,  insectivorous  mammal,  YI.  41  (ill.). 

Desmarres,  Louis  Auguste  [da-mar],  French 
oculist,  YI.  42. 

De  Smet ,  Peter  John :  see  Smet. 

Desmidi'e^e,  minute  algse,  YI.  42  (ills.,  43). 

Desmid'ium :  see  Desmidie^e,  YI.  43,  2  b. 

Des  Moines  [de  moin],  county,  YI.  43. 

Des  Moines,  capital  of  Iowa,  YI.  44. 

Des  Moines  River,  YI.  44. 

Des'mond,  Earls  of,  Irish  family,  YI.  45. 
Jeanne  Fitzgerald,  countess  of,  centenarian, 
2  a. 

Desmoulins,  Benoit  Camille  [da-moo-lang], 
French  revolutionist,  YI.  45. 

Desmoulins  (Antoine,  1796-1828),  French  nat¬ 
uralist,  his  classification  of  the  human  race, 
YI.  754,  1  c. 

Des'na,  river  of  Russia,  YI.  46. 


260 


DESNOYERS 


DEVISE 


Desnoyees,  Auguste  Gaspard  Louis  Boucher, 
baron  [da-nwa-ya],  French  engraver,  VI.  46. 

Desolation  island:  see  Keeguelen,  and  X. 
843,  1  b. 

Desoe,  Edward,  Swiss  geologist,  VI.  46. 

De  Soto,  two  counties,  VI.  46. 

De  Soto,  Fernando  [da  so'-to],  Spanish  ex¬ 
plorer,  VI.  47. 

Despaed',  Edward  Marcus,  Irish  soldier,  VI.  48. 

Despenser ,  Hugh  le ,  favorite  of  Edward  II., 
VI.  434,  2  c. 

Des  Plaines  [da  plain],  river  of  Illinois,  VI.  48. 

Despretz  [da-pra],  (Cesar  Mansuete,  1792-1863), 
French  physicist,  on  conduction  of  heat, 
VIII.  572,  1  be,  2  c.  Method  for  determin¬ 
ing  latent  heat  of  vapors,  577,  2  a  (ill.).  On 
compression  of  gases,  XIII.  628,  2  c. 

Dessaix,  Joseph  Marie  [da-sa],  general,  VI.  48. 

Dessalines,  Jean  Jacques  [da-sa-leen],  emperor 
of  Hayti,  VI.  48.  See  Hayti,  VIII.  552, 
1  b  and  c. 

Dessau  [des'-sow],  city  of  Germany,  VI.  48. 

Dessauer ,  the  old:  see  Leopold  I.,  prince  of 
Anhalt-Dessau. 

Dessignolle  [da-se-nyul],  his  powder  for  blast¬ 
ing,  VII.  38,  2  be. 

Dessolles,  or  Dessolle,  Jean  Joseph  Paul  Au¬ 
gustin,  marquis  [da-sul],  French  soldier  and 
statesman,  VI.  49. 

D'Este  [des'-ta]:  see  Este,  VI.  739,  2  c. 

Desteeeo,  Xossa  Senhora  do  [nos'-sa  sa-nyo'- 
ra  doo  des-tair'-roo],  city  of  Brazil,  VI.  49. 

Destouches,  Philippe  Nericault  [da-toosh], 
French  dramatist,  VI.  49  ;  I.  271,  2  a. 

Destutt  de  Teacy,  Antoine  Louis  Claude  [da- 
stiit  duh  tra-se],  count  de  Tracy,  French  phi¬ 
losopher,  VI.  49.  Alexandre  Cesar  Victor 
Charles,  marquis  de  Tracy,  50,  1  a.  Sarah 
Newton,  marchioness  de  Tracy,  1  b. 

De  Thou:  see  Tnou,  Jacques  Auguste  de. 

Det'inue ,  in  law,  VII.  26,  1  b,  2  a. 

Detmold  [det'-molt],  city  of  Germany,  VI.  50. 

Deteoit',  city  of  Michigan,  VI.  50;  view,  51. 
Founder  of,  III.  621,  1  a. 

Deteoit  Rivee,  VI.  53. 

Deuoa'lion,  mythical  king  of  Phtliia,  VI.  53. 

Deuel,  county,  VI.  54. 

D enter ocanonical  books  of  the  Bible ,  I.  585,  2  a. 

Deuteeon'omy,  book  of  the  Bible,  VI.  54. 

Deutscli ,  Emanuel  [doitsh],  Jewish  writer,  IX. 
568,  2  c;  XV.  560,  2  c. 

Deutschland  [doitsh'-lant] :  see  Geemany. 

Deutz  [doits],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  54. 

Deux  Ponts  [dub  pong] :  see  Zweibeucken. 


Dev  :  see  Demonology,  V.  793,  2  b.  Referred 
to,  VII.  63,  1  b  (Faieies). 

Deva  [da'-va],  Hindoo  word  for  god,  IX.  223, 
2  ab.  Buddhist  Devas,  V.  793,  1  a. 

Deva,  or  Deva  Castra :  see  Chestee,  IV.  388, 1  b. 
Deva  Agung,  deified  hero,  II.  241,  1  b. 
Devadasee ,  dancing  girl  of  India,  II.  404,  2  c. 
DevalVs  Bluff,  county  seat,  XIII.  802,  2  c. 
Devanagari  [da-va-na'-ga-re] :  see  Sanskeit, 
XIV.  612,  1  b.  Devanagari  alphabet,  IX. 
217,  1  a. 

Devastation,  the  [da-vas-ta-se-ong],  iron-clad  wa* 
ship,  IX.  379,  2  a;  382,  2  c. 

Development,  doctrine  of :  see  Evolution.  Op¬ 
posed:  see  Logic,  X.  583, 1  b ;  also  Agassiz, 
I.  175,  1  a. 

Development,  in  map  drawing,  XI.  136,  1  b. 
Dey'entee,  city  of  Holland,  VI.  54.  School 
at,  referred  to,  VIII.  263,  1  c;  IX.  786,  2  b. 
De  Veee',  Maximilian  Scheie,  American  author, 
VI.  54. 

Deveeeux  [dev'-e-roo] :  see  Essex,  Earl  of. 

Probable  origin  of  the  name,  VII.  18,  2  a. 
Devi  [da'-ve],  Hindoo  goddess  of  smallpox,  II. 
605,  2  b. 

Deviation,  in  marine  insurance,  IX.  317,  2  ab. 
Devil,  the,  in  Christian  theology,  VI.  54. 
Devil  bird:  see  Ytellow-hammee. 

Devil  Fisn,  VI.  55  (ill.).  Fictitious  monster, 
56,  1  c.  See  Goose  Fish,  VIII.  109,  2  c; 
Octopus,  XII.  577,  2  a. 

Deyille,  Charles  Sainte  -  Claire  [duh-veel], 
French  geologist,  VI.  56  (died  1876).  Henri 
Etienne,  chemist,  2  a.  See  Dissociation. 
Devil’s  Advocate  :  see  Advocatus  Diaboli, 
and  III.  716,  2  b. 

DeviVs  apron,  sea  weed,  II.  78,  2  c. 

Devil’s  Beidge,  Switzerland,  VI.  56  (ill.). 
DeviVs  CaTion,  in  California,  VII.  785,  2  a. 
DeviVs  darning-needle  (dragon  fly),  VI.  239, 1  c. 
DeviVs  Den:  see  Yellowstone  Rivee,  XVI. 
781,  1  c. 

DeviVs  ditch,  old  Roman  intrenchment,  XII. 
316,  2  ab. 

DeviVs  dust  (shoddy),  VI.  65,  1  ab. 

DeviVs  dye  (indigo),  IX.  249,  2  c ;  food  for  the 
devil,  VI.  339,  1  c. 

DeviV s  fingers,  fossil  remains,  II.  485,  1  be. 
DeviVs  leaf,  nettle,  XII.  254,  2  c. 

Devil’s  Mall,  Roman  remains,  VI.  57. 
Devilwood,  American  olive,  XII.  618,  1  b. 
Devil  worshippers,  of  southern  India,  XL  646, 
2  be. 

Devise,  in  law,  VI.  57. 


DEVIZES 


DIANA 


2G1 


Deyi'zes,  borough  of  England,  VI.  57. 

Dev' on :  see  Devonshire. 

Devo'nian,  the  geologic  age  of  fishes,  VI.  57. 
Its  periods,  2  ab. 

Dev'onport,  borough  of  England,  VI.  58  (ill.). 

Devonshire,  county  of  England,  VI.  59. 

Devrient,  Ludwig  [dev'-re-ang],  German  actor, 
VI.  59.  Karl  August,  2  c.  Philipp  Eduard, 
60,  1  a.  Gustav  Emil,  1  ab. 

Dew,  VI.  GO.  Experiments  of  Dr.  Wells,  2  c. 
Attendant  phenomena,  61,  1  c.  Dew  point, 
62,  1  a ;  complement  of  the,  1  c. 

Dew,  Thomas  Roderick,  American  publicist, 
VI.  62.  His  essay  on  “  Slavery,”  2  b. 

Dewberry  :  see  Bramble,  III.  207,  2  a  (ill.). 

De wees',  William  Potts,  American  physician, 
VI.  62. 

D’Ewes,  Sir  Symonds  [dewz],  English  anti¬ 
quary,  VI.  63. 

De  Wette,  Wilhelm  Martin  Leberecht  [deh 
vet'-t§h],  German  theologian,  VI.  63.  His 
ethical  principle,  XI.  813,  2  ab. 

Dew'ey,  Chester,  American  clergyman,  VI.  63. 

Dewey,  Orville,  American  clergyman,  VI.  63. 

De  Witt',  two  counties,  VI.  64. 

De  Witt,.  Jan,  Dutch  statesman,  VI.  64.  Cor¬ 
nelius,  2  c.  Their  murder,  65,  1  a. 

Dew  point ,  VI.  62,  1  a.  Determination  of  the, 
IX.  132,  1  b.  Dew-point  instruments,  2  b 
and  c.  Complement  of  the,  VI.  62, 1  c ;  IX. 
133,  2  be. 

Dew-retting ,  of  flax,  VII.  264,  1  a. 

Dewsbury,  town  of  England,  VI.  65. 

Dexip'pus:  see  Athens,  II.  57,  1  b. 

Dexter,  Samuel,  American  statesman  and  ju¬ 
rist,  VI.  65. 

Dexter  base,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a,  c.  Dex¬ 
ter  chief,  ib.  (See  plate.) 

Dexter  loch ,  X.  565,  1  b. 

Dextrine  [dex'-trin],  a  condition  of  starch,  VI. 
65.  See  Starch,  XV.  319,  2  a.  Its  transfor¬ 
mation  into  glucose,  VII.  141,  2  be. 

Dextro-glucose,  XV.  440,  2  be. 

Dextrotartaric  acid ,  XV.  574,  2  c ;  575,  1  a,  2  a. 

Dey  [da],  Algerine  title,  VI.  66. 

Deyra  Doon  [da'-ra],  valley  of  India,  VI.  66. 
Town,  1  c. 

Dezful  :  see  Desful. 

Dharmagastras  [dar-ma-sas'-tras],  Sanskrit 
books  of  laws,  IX.  223,  1  a. 

Dharwar  :  see  Darwlar. 

Dhawalagiri  [da-wa-la-ghe'-re] :  see  Himala¬ 
ya  Mountains,  VIII.  732,  1  c. 

Dhole:  see  Dog,  VI.  178,  1  ab;  179,  1  a. 


Dhundoo  Punt:  see  Nana  Sahib. 

Dhyas ,  dancing  women,  II.  404,  2  b. 

Di'a ,  island,  XII.  190,  2  c  (Naxos). 

Diabase ,  in  geology,  XIV.  371,  1  a. 

Diabe'tes,  disease,  VI.  66.  Diabetes  insipidus, 
67, ’2  b. 

Diad'ochus,  a  surname  of  Proclus,  XIV.  25,  2  c. 
Dice' us,  Achaean  general,  I.  62,  2  c. 

Diag'oras  of  Melos,  Greek  philosopher,  VI.  67. 
Dial,  a  horologe,  VI.  68.  Ancient  sun  dials, 

1  a.  Equinoctial  dial,  2  a  (ills.).  Vertical 
dial,  69,  2  c  (ill.,  70).  Horizontal  dial,  68, 

2  a;  horizontal  and  vertical,  70,  1  a  (ill.). 
Dial  of  Berosus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Dials,  for  watches  and  clocks,  preparation  of, 
IV.  706,  1  b. 

Dial'ysis,  VI.  70.  Illustration  of,  71,  1  a. 
Crystalloids  and  colloids,  1  c.  Hoop  dialyser, 
2  b.  Jar  diffusion,  ib.  Diffusate,  72,  1  b. 
Dialysis  in  the  dry  way,  73,  1  a.  See  III. 
289,  2  c. 

Diamagnetism,  VI.  73.  See  Tyndall,  XVI. 

90,  2  c,  91,  2  b.  Paramagnetism,  VI.  73, 1  c. 
Diamantina  [de-a-man-te'-na],  city  of  Brazil, 
VI.  73. 

Diamond  [di'-a-mund  or  di'-mund],  gem,  VI. 
73.  Diamonds  of  Brazil,  74,  1  a;  of  India, 
1  ab ;  of  South  Africa,  1  b ;  of  the  United 
States  and  Australia,  2  a.  Varieties,  ib. 
Valuation,  2  b.  Cutting,  2  c.  Celebrated 
diamonds,  75,  1  c.  Collecting  diamonds,  76, 
1  ab.  Their  practical  uses,  1  c.  Their  for¬ 
mation,  2  a. — The  diamond  first  demonstra¬ 
ted  to  be  pure  carbon,  I.  330,  2  a.  Cause  of 
its  brilliancy,  X.  439,  2  c.  Forms  of,  V.  538, 
1  a;  539,  1  c.  California  diamonds,  XVI. 
131,  2  c. 

Diamond  cement,  IX.  427,  1  c. 

Diamond  District,  Brazil,  VI.  77. 

Diamond  fields  of  Africa,  I.  168,  1  b  ;  II.  777, 

1  a ;  VI.  74,  1  b. 

Diamond  necklace  scandal:  see  Lamotte- Va¬ 
lois,  Rohan,  and  Marie  Antoinette,  XI. 
163,  1  b.  Allusion  to,  III.  549,  1  c. 
Diamond  Pitt,  sobriquet,  XIII.  551,  2  a. 
Diamond  powder,  X.  160,  2  c. 

Diam'yl:  see  Amyl,  I.  447,  2  b. 

Dian'a,  in  mythology,  VI.  77.  Of  Ephesus, 

2  be ;  statue  of,  ib.,  and  678, 1  c.  Temple  of, 
at  Ephesus,  678,  1  a ;  in  Tauris,  77,  2  b. 

Diana,  alchemical  name  of  silver,  XV.  47,  2  a. 
Diana  of  Poitiers  [pwa-tya],  mistress  of 
Henry  II.,  VI.  77.  Rivalry  between  her 
and  the  duchess  d’Utampes,  78,  1  a;  743, 


262 


DIANA 


DIDO 


2  b.  Persecution  of  the  Protestants  insti¬ 
gated  by  her,  VIII.  654,  1  ab. 

Diana  Taurica ,  supposed  site  of  her  temple, 
II.  232,  1  b. 

Dia'mum ,  supposed  element,  VI.  517,  2  a. 
Dian'thus  (botany),  XIII.  530,  2  ab.  D.  bar- 
batus,  531,  1  a  (ill.,  530).  D.  Chinensis,  532, 
1  a  (ill.,  531). 

Diaper :  see  Damask,  V.  655,  2  c. 
Diaphoretics,  agents  promoting  perspiration, 
VI.  78. 

Diaphragm,  in  anatomy,  VI.  78  (ill.) ;  I.  15, 
1  b ;  XV.  720,  2  c. 

Diaphragm ,  in  a  transit  circle,  XV.  843,  2  a. 
Diaph'ysis ,  in  bone,  III.  60,  1  c. 

Diapoph'yses ,  in  anatomy,  XIII.  424,  2  c. 
Diarbek-Amid :  see  Diarbekir. 

Diarbekir  [de-ar-beh-keer'J,  town  of  Turkey, 
VI.  79. 

Diarbekr :  see  Diarbekir. 

Diarrhce'a,  VI.  79.  Popular  remedy,  80,  1  a. 
Dias,  A.  Gongalvez  [de'-ass],  Brazilian  poet, 
VI.  80. 

Dias,  Bartkolomeu,  Portuguese  navigator,  VI. 

80.  Referred  to,  VII.  604,  2  a. 

Diaspore ,  mineral,  I.  366,  2  c. 

Di'astase,  VI.  80 ;  III.  258,  2  a  ;  XIII.  575,  1  b. 
Diather'mancy,  VI.  80.  Melloni’s  apparatus, 

81,  1  b  (ill.).  Diathermancy  of  solids  (table), 
81,  2  b  ;  of  liquids,  82,  la;  of  gases,  83, 
1  a.  Aqueous  vapor,  effect  of  its  compara¬ 
tive  athermancy,  2  b. 

Diathermanous  bodies :  see  Diathermancy, 
and  X.  438,  1  be. 

Diath'esis  phlogis'tica :  see  Inflammation,  IX. 
275,  1  ab. 

Diatoma'ce^e,  minute  plants,  VI.  83  (ills.). 

Di' atoms ,  algee,  I.  299,  1  a.  See  Diatomace^e. 
Diciton'ic  scale ,  in  music,  I.  70,  1  b. 

Diaz,  Miguel  [de'-ath],  Aragonese  explorer, 
VI.  85. 

Diaz,  Buy :  see  Cid. 

Diaz  del  Castillo,  Bernal  [dail  kas-te'-lyo], 
Spanish  adventurer  and  chronicler,  VI.  85. 
Diaz  de  Solis,  Juan :  see  Solis. 

Dibdin,  Charles,  English  song  writer  and  com¬ 
poser,  VI.  85.  Thomas,  actor,  author,  and 
composer,  86,  1  b.  Thomas  Frognall,  bibli¬ 
ographer,  ib. 

Dibranchiates  [di-brang'-ke-ates],  VI.  86 ; 
XI.  723,  2  c. 

Dicasts,  IX.  721,  2  c.  Dicasteries,  XIII.  292,  1  c. 
Dice,  used  in  gaming,  VI.  86. 

Di'ce,  in  mythology,  VI.  86. 


Dicentp.a,  genus  of  plants,  VI.  86.  D.  cucul 
laria,  1  c  (ill.,  87).  D.  spectabilis,  87,  1  c 
(ill.).  Other  species. 

Diceras ,  genus  of  bivalves,  IV.  237,  2  b. 
Dichogamy  [di-kog'-a-me],  in  botany,  XIII. 
595,  1  c. 

Dichot'omous  system ,  in  zoology,  VII.  267,  2  a. 
Dichro'ic  microscope:  see  Absorption,  I.  38,  2  a, 
Di'chroism:  see  Absorption,  I.  38,  2  a;  Crys¬ 
tallography,  V.  539,  1  b. 

Dichroscope :  see  Absorption,  I.  38,  2  a. 

Dick,  Thomas,  Scottish  author,  VI.  87. 
Dickens,  Charles,  English  novelist,  VI.  88. 
His  first  visit  to  America,  and  his  “  Ameri¬ 
can  Notes,”  2  b. 

Dickins,  John,  American  clergyman,  VI.  90. 

Asbury,  clerk  of  the  U.  S.  senate,  1  c. 
Dickinson,  county,  VI.  90. 

Dickinson,  Anna  Elizabeth,  American  lecturer 
and  author,  VI.  90. 

Dickinson,  Charles ,  duel  with  Andrew  Jack- 
son,  IX.  487,  1  c,  2  a,  b. 

Dickinson,  John,  American  statesman,  VI. 

91 ;  XIII.  674,  2  c  (Political  Economy). 
Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  VI.  91. 
Dickson,  county,  VI.  91. 

Dickson,  Samuel  Henry,  American  physician, 
VI.  91. 

Dicksonia  arborescens  (botany),  (ill.),  VII.  151, 
2  b. 

Dicotyles  [di-kot'-e-leez],  (zoology),  XIII.  221, 
1  b.  D.  torquatus,  2  a  (ill.).  D.  labiatus,  2  c. 
Dicquemare,  Jacques  Francois  [deek-mar], 
French  naturalist  and  astronomer,  VI.  92. 
Dicranu' ra  (moths),  XI.  869,  2  c. 

Dictator,  a  chief  magistrate,  VI.  92. 

Dictator ,  the,  iron-clad  war  ship,  IX.  385,  1  be. 
Dictionary,  VI.  92.  Earliest  known,  2  c. 
Greek  lexicographers,  93,  1  a ;  Roman,  1  c ; 
modern,  2  b. 

Dictys  of  Crete,  supposititious  author,  VI.  95. 
Dicyan' ogen,  compound  gas,  V.  603,  1  c. 
Didascaloc' ophus,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Man’s  Tutor, 

V.  643,  1  b. 

Didel'phidce  (zoology),  XII.  651,  1  c. 

Didelphis  Virginiana  (zoology),  XII.  651,  2  c 
(ill.,  652).  Other  species.  Fossil  didelphis 
discovered,  652,  2  be. 

Diderot,  Denis  [de-dro],  French  philosopher, 

VI.  95. 

Didius  Salvitts  Julianus,  Marcus,  Roman 
emperor,  VI.  96. 

Dido,  Phoenician  princess,  VI.  96. 

Dido  (Astarte),  XII.  118,  1  b. 


DIDOT 


DIKE 


263 


Didot  [de-do],  French  family  of  printer**,  VI. 
96.  Firmin  Didot’s  invention  or  revival  of 
the  stereotype  process,  97,  la:  see  Print¬ 
ing-,  XIII.  850,  1  c. 

Didron,  Adolphe  Napoleon  [de-drong],  French 
archaeologist,  VI.  97. 

Didunculi' nee  (ornithology),  XIII.  507,  1  c. 

Didun’culus  strigeros'tris  (ornithology),  XIII. 
507,  1  c. 

Didus  ineptus  (ornithology),  VI.  175,  2  a  (ill.). 

Did'yma ,  oracle  of,  XII.  660,  1  c. 

Didym'ium,  metal,  VI.  97. 

Didymo’prium  (desmidieae),  VI.  43,  1  c  (ill., 
D.  Borreri). 

Did'ymus,  Alexandrian  grammarian,  VI.  97. 

Didymus:  see  Thomas,  Saint. 

Die ,  for  coinage,  XI.  619,  2  a;  620,  1  be.  In 
calico  printing,  III.  596,  1  b. 

Dieb  [de-eb'],  African  jackal,  IX.  481,  2  be. 

Diebitsch,  Hans  Karl  Friedrich  Anton  [de'- 
bitch],  Russian  general,  VI.  97. 

Diedenhofen  [de'-den-ho-fen],  town  of  Lor¬ 
raine,  VI.  97. 

Diefenbach,  Lorenz  [de'-fen-bakh],  German 
philologist,  VI.  98. 

Dieffenbach,  Johann  Friedrich,  German  sur¬ 
geon,  VI.  98. 

Dielectric  medium  [di-e-lek'-trik],  VI.  503, 1  a ; 
509,  2  a. 

Diely'tra ,  false  name  for  a  plant,  VI.  87,  2  be. 

Dieppe  [de-ep'J,  seaport  of  France,  VI.  98  (ill.). 

Diervilla  [di-er-vil'-la],  (botany),  XVI.  536, 
2  a.  D.  rosea  or  Japonica,  537, 1  a  (ill.,  536). 
Other  species. 

DierviUe  [de-air-veel],  French  surgeon,  XVI. 
536,  2  b. 

Dies  [di'-eez],  (Lat.,  day) :  see,  for  dies  canicula- 
ris,  Dog  Days  ;  dies  dominica,  Lord’s  Day,  X. 
625,  2  c;  dies  Jovis,  Thursday;  dies  Lunse, 
Monday  ;  dies  Martis,  Tuesday  ;  dies  sangui¬ 
nis,  Bellona  ;  dies  Saturni  and  dies  sabbati, 
Saturday;  dies  Solis,  Sunday;  dies  Veneris, 
Friday.  (Dies  Mercurii,  Wednesday.) 

Dies  Tree,  reputed  author  of,  VII.  427,  1  a. 

Dieskau,  Ludwig  August  [deece'-kow],  Ger¬ 
man-French  soldier,  VI.  99. 

Diest  [deest],  town  of  Belgium,  VI.  99. 

Diesterweg,  Friedrich  Adolf  Wilhelm  [deece'- 
ter-veg],  German  writer  on  education,  VI.  99. 

Diet,  legislative  assembly,  VI.  99.  Diet  of  the 
German  empire,  2  be;  its  divisions  and  pow¬ 
ers,  100,  1  a.  Polish  diet,  1  c.  Hungarian, 
2  ab. 

Dieterici,  Karl  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [de-ter-e'- 


tse],  German  statistician,  VI.  100.  Fried¬ 
rich,  orientalist,  2  c. 

Dietet'ics,  VI.  101.  Influence  of  habit,  cir¬ 
cumstances,  and  liking,  1  b,  c.  Varieties  of 
animal  food,  2  a;  mode  of  dressing,  2  c. 
Fish,  102,  1  c.  Milk,  ib.  Cheese  and  but¬ 
ter,  2  b.  Farinaceous  food,  2  c.  Vegeta¬ 
bles,  103,  1  a. 

Dietrich  of  Bern  [Ger.  de'-trich],  XV.  693,  2  c. 
Dietrich  stein,  Count  Maurice  [de'-trich-stine], 

III.  48,  1  be. 

Dietz,  Fedor  [deets],  German  painter,  VI.  103. 
Diez,  Friedrich  Christian  [deets],  German  phi¬ 
lologist,  VI.  103.  (Died  1876.) 

Differences ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be. 
Difference  tones ,  in  harmony,  VIII.  469,  1  c. 
Differential  Calculus  :  see  Calculus. 
Diffraction  of  Light  :  see  Light,  X.  442,  2  b. 
Diffraction  spectrum ,  X.  444,  1  a. 

Diffu'sate ,  in  dialysis,  VI.  72,  1  b. 

Diffusiom'  eter,  Graham’s,  VII.  634,  2  a  (ill.) ; 
VIII.  165,  2  ab. 

Diffusion  of  gases,  VII.  633,  2  c. 

Digamma,  in  the  ancient  Greek  alphabet,  VI. 
103.  Disuse  of,  I.  349, 1  b.  Attempt  to  re¬ 
store,  II.  541,  1  c.  AEolian  digamma  referred 
to,  XVI.  239,  1  c. 

Digby,  county  of  Xova  Scotia,  VI.  103. 

Digby,  county  seat,  VI.  103,  2  c. 

Digby,  Sir  Everard,  conspirator,  VI.  103,  2  c; 

V.  36,  1  b. 

Digby,  Sir  Kenelm,  English  philosopher,  VI. 

103.  Kenelm  Henry,  author,  104,  1  b. 
Di'gest  ( Pandects ) :  see  Civil  Law,  IV.  623,  2  a. 
Digestion,  VI.  104.  Dr.  Beaumont’s  experi¬ 
ments  on  Alexis  St.  Martin,  105,  2  b ;  II. 
430,  2  b-c.  Organs  and  instruments  of,  I. 
317,  2  b,  ff. 

Digges,  Leonard  [digz],  English  mathematician, 

VI.  106.  Thomas,  2  a. 

Dighton  rock,  Rhode  Island,  XIV.  296,  2  ab. 
Digitaline  [dij'-e-ta-lin],  vegetable  principle, 
VI.  107,  1  a. 

Digita'lis,  genus  of  plants,  VI.  106.  D.  pur¬ 
purea,  2  a  (ill.).  Medicinal  properties,  2  c,  ff. 
Poisoning  by,  107,  1  a. 

Digitigrades  [dij'-e-te-grades],  typical  car¬ 
nivora,  VI.  107 ;  IV.  10,  2  b. 

Digne  [deeny’],  town  of  France,  VI.  107. 
Dihedral  angles,  I.  496,  1  c. 

Dijon  [de-zhong],  town  of  France,  VI.  107. 

Cathedral  of,  2  c  (ill.,  108). 

Dike,  embankment,  VI.  108.  In  geology,  109, 


264 


DIKES 


DIOX 


Dikes  or  reefs ,  in  gold  mines,  VIII.  76,  1  c. 

Dilactic  acid ,  X.  88,  1  a. 

Dilami  [de-la'-me],  Persian  dynasty,  XIII. 
823,  1  c. 

Dilatation ,  in  heart  disease,  VIII.  563,  2  be ; 
564,  1  b  and  c. 

Diligence  [Fr.  de-le-zhangs],  French  post  coach, 
IV.  724,  1  a. 

Dilke,  Charles  Wentworth  [dilk],  English 
journalist,  VI.  109.  Sir  Charles  Wentworth, 
2  b.  Sir  Charles  Wentworth  (2d),  author 
and  politician,  2  c. 

Dill,  plant,  VI.  110  (ill-). 

Dille'nius,  Johann  Jakob  [Ger.  dil-la'-ne-oos], 
German  botanist,  VI.  110. 

Dillesk ,  species  of  algae,  I.  299,  2  c. 

Dillingen  [dil'-ling-en],  town  of  Bavaria,  VI. 
110. 

Dillmann,  Christian  Friedrich  August  [dil'- 
man],  German  orientalist,  VI.  110. 

Dillon-,  Peter,  British  navigator,  VI.  110. 

Dilman  [deel-man'j,  town  of  Persia,  VI.  111. 

Diluvium,  in  geology,  VI.  111.  Iceberg  theory 
of  its  origin,  112,  2  ab,  113,  2  a;  glacial 
theory,  113,  1  a;  action  of  ice  asserted  in 
both  theories,  114,  1  b. 

Dimachce  [dim'-a-ke],  mounted  troops  in  Alex¬ 
ander’s  army,  I.  741,  2  a. 

Dime,  coin,  VI.  114. 

Dimidiation,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  a. 

Diminue're  Priscia'ni  ca'put :  see  Peiscianus, 
XIV.  5,  2  c. 

Dimitri  [de-me'-tre],  Russian  pretenders:  see 
Alexis  Mikiiailovitch,  I.  293,  2  c,  and  De- 
meteius,  V.  789,  2  ab. 

Dim'ity ,  supposed  origin  of  the  name,  V.  656, 
2  c. 

Dimor’phism:  see  Chemistey,  IV.  368,  1  ab, 
and  Ceystallogeaphy,  V.  540,  2  a. 

Dimorphous  bodies ,  XI.  681,  2  c. 

Dimsdale,  Thomas,  English  physician,  VI.  114. 

Dinagepooe  [de-naj-pooF],  town  of  Bengal, 
VI.  114. 

Dinan  [de-nang],  town  of  France,  VI.  114 ; 
view,  115. 

Dinanderies  [de-nang-dre],  wares,  VI.  115,  1  b. 

Dinant  [de-nang],  town  of  Belgium,  VI.  115. 

Dinapoee',  town  of  Bengal,  VI.  115. 

Din'doef,  Wilhelm,  German  philologist,  VI. 
115.  Ludwig,  2  b. 

Ding'elstedt,  Franz,  German  poet  and  novel¬ 
ist,  VI.  115. 

Dingo:  see  Dog,  VI.  179,  1  be  (ill.);  II.  130, 
8  b. 


Dinia :  see  Digne. 

Din'kelsbuhl,  town  of  Bavaria,  VI.  115. 

Dino ,  duchess  of  [de'-no],  II.  662,  1  a. 

Dinobryina ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 

Dinocera'ta ,  fossil  animals,  XI.  197,  2  c. 

Dinocharesfd-nok.' -a-reez],  architect,  1. 290, 2  b. 

Dinocrates  [di-nok'-ra-teez],  Syracusan  general, 
I.  179,  2  a.  Architect,  290,  2  b. 

Dinon'dadies ,  Xorth  American  Indians,  IX.  79, 
2  c. 

Dinoe'nis,  extinct  bird,  VI.  115;  I.  607,  1  a. 
D.  giganteus,  VI.  116,  1  be  (ill.),  and  other 
species.  D.  elephantopus,  117,  1  a. 

Dinosaueians,  fossil  saurians,  VI.  117. 

Dinosaurs ,  footprints  of,  VII.  342,  1  b. 

Dinothe'eium,  extinct  pachyderm,  VI.  117. 
D.  giganteum,  2  c  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Dinsmore ,  Indian  agent :  see  Jackson,  IX.  488, 
1  c. 

Dinwid'die,  county,  VI.  117. 

Dinwiddie,  Robert,  lieutenant  governor  of 
Virginia,  VI.  118. 

Dinwiddie  C.  JET.,  county  seat,  VI.  118,  1  a. 

Di'ocese,  in  the  Roman  empire,  VI.  118.  In 
the  Christian  church,  2  a. 

Diocle'tian,  Roman  emperor,  VI.  118.  Per¬ 
secution  of  the  Christians,  119,  2  b.  Era  of 
Diocletian,  2  be. 

Diodati,  Domenico  [de-o-da'-te],  Italian  archae¬ 
ologist,  VI.  119. 

Diodati,  Giovanni,  Swiss  theologian,  VI.  119. 

Di'odon:  see  Sea  Poecupine,  XIV.  738,  2  c. 
D.  pilosus,  ib.  (ill.,  739),  and  other  species. 

Diodons:  see  Whale,  XVI.  581,  2  c. 

Diod'ori  In’sula:  see  Peeim,  XIII.  294,  1  c. 

Diodoeus  (Siculus),  ancient  historian,  VI.  120. 

Diogenes  [di-oj'-e-neez],  Cynic  philosopher,  VI. 
120.  See  Moeal  Philosophy,  XI.  809,  2  b. 

Diogenes  of  Apollonia,  philosopher, VI.  121. 

Diogenes  Laeetius  [la-er'-shus],  historian  of 
philosophy,  VI.  121. 

Dioleine  [di-o'-le-in],  XII.  614,  2  b. 

Diomede’ a  (ornithology),  I.  249,  1  c.  D.  exu- 
lans,  ib.  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Diome'des,  Grecian  hero,  VI.  121.  Referred 
to,  XII.  817,  1  a.  A  king  of  the  Bistones, 
VI.  121,  2  c ;  VIII.  679,  2  b. 

Diomedes ,  islands,  II.  481,  1  a. 

Dion^'a,  insectivorous  plant,  VI.  122.  D. 
muscipula,  ib.  (ill.,  123).  Plan  and  action  of 
its  trap,  2  c. 

Dion  Cassius  Cocceianus,  historian  of  Rome, 
VI.  122. 

Dion  Cheysos'tomus,  rhetorician,  VI.  122„ 


dion 


DIRT 


265 


Dion  of  Syracuse,  liberator,  VI.  122. 
Dionys'iac  bull  of  Hyllus ,  in  gem  engraving, 
VII.  663,  2  b. 

Dionysiac  fraternity ,  architects  and  builders, 
VII.  470,  2  c. 

Dionysiac  worship ,  or  mysteries ,  VIII.  213,  1  c, 
214,  1  ab;  XII.  115,  1  ab,  711,  1  a. 
Dionysias ,  island:  see  Naxos,  XII.  190,  2  be. 
Dionysius,  the  Elder,  tyrant  of  Syracuse,  VI. 
123.  Ear  of  Dionysius,  XV.  542,  1  b.  The 
Younger,  VI.  124,  1  c.  Expelled  by  Dion, 
2  a,  122,  2  a;  by  Timoleon,  124,  2  b,  XV. 
756,  1  b. 

Dionysius,  or  Denis,  king  of  Portugal,  VI.  124. 
Dionysius  of  Alexandria,  saint  and  bishop, 
VI.  125.  See  Sabellius,  XIV.  507,  1  b. 
Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  VI.  125.  Influence 
of  writings  ascribed  to  him,  XI.  810,  2  c. 
Dionysius  Exiguus,  Roman  monk,  VI.  125. 
His  method  of  dating  from  the  birth  of 
Christ,  IV.  558,  1  c. 

Dionysius  of  Halicarnassus,  Greek  historian 
and  rhetorician,  VI.  125. 

Dionysius  of  Rome,  controversy  with  Sabellius, 
XIV.  507,  1  b. 

Diony'sus  :  see  Bacchus,  and  Semele. 
Diophantine  analysis  [di-o-fan'-tin],  VI.  126, 

1  ab. 

Diophantus  of  Alexandria,  writer  on  alge¬ 
bra,  VI.  126 ;  I.  301,  2  b. 

Dioph'ysites :  see  Monophysites,  XI.  757,  1  c. 
Dioptrics  :  see  Optics,  XII.  657,  1  c. 

Diora'ma ,  scenic  representation,  V.  632,  1  c. 
Di'orite ,  a  kind  of  rock,  VIII.  152,  2  b ;  238, 

2  c ;  XIV.  371,  1  a. 

Dioscoroe'a  (botany),  XVI.  768,  2  a.  D.  villo- 
sa,  2  c.  D.  alata,  769,  1  b  (ill.,  768).  D.  ba¬ 
tatas  (D.  Japonica),  1  c  (ill.). 

Dioscorcea'cece ,  order  in  botany,  XVI.  768,  2  ab. 
Dioscorides,  Pedacius  or  Pedanius  [di-os-kor'- 
e-deez],  Greek  medical  and  botanical  writer, 
VI.  126.  His  descriptions  of  plants,  III.  131, 
2  ab ;  classification,  135,  1  c. 

Dios' corns,  or  Dioscurus ,  Eutychian  sectary, 
VI.  791,  1  c;  XI.  757,  1  b. 

Dioscu'ri  :  see  Castor  and  Pollux.  Site  of 
their  temple  at  Athens,  II.  61,  1  a. 
Dioscurias ,  ancient  city,  I.  26,  2  be ;  IV.  87,  2  c. 
Dios' polis  the  Great :  see  Thebes,  XV.  687,  2  a. 
Dios'pyros  (botany),  V.  699,  2  c.  D.  kaki, 
700,  1  b  (ill.).  D.  Virginidna,  1  be  (ill.). 
Other  species.  D.  ebenum  and  other  spe¬ 
cies:  see  Ebony.  D.  hirsuta:  see  Cala- 
m  an  dee  Wood. 


Dip ,  in  coal  mines,  V.  66,  2  c. 

Diphthe'ria,  VI.  126.  Epidemic  diphtheria, 
2  b.  Treatment,  127, 1  b.  Tracheotomy,  2  c. 

Diphyl'lodes  specio'sa  (ornithology),  II.  651, 
2  a.  D.  Wilsonii,  2  b. 

Diphyodonts ,  division  of  mammals,  XV.  607,  la. 

Diplichnites  [dip'-lik-nites],  fossil  footprints, 
VII.  342,  2  be. 

Diploe  [dip'-lo-e],  in  bone,  III.  59,  1  a. 

Diploglos'sus  (zoology),  XV.  80,  2  a.  D.  occi- 
duus,  2  ab. 

Diplo'mas ,  public  documents,  VI.  127,  2  a. 

Diplomatic  agents ,  three  classes  of,  X.  225,  2  be. 

Diplomatics  [dip-lo-mat'-iks],  science  of  the 
knowledge  of  ancient  documents,  VI.  127. 
See  Manuscript,  XI.  133,  2  c. 

Diplop' term,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  2  a. 

Dipodi'nce  (zoology),  IX.  605,  1  c. 

Dippel,  Johann  Konrad,  German  mystic  and 
rationalist,  VI.  127. 

DippeVs  animal  oil,  XII.  133,  1  be. 

Dipper,  bird,  XII.  744,  2  a. 

Dipper,  in  drilling  rock,  II.  699,  1  be. 

Dipper ,  the ,  in  astronomy:  see  Bear,  Great 
and  Lesser,  and  Charles’s  Wain. 

Dipping ,  mode  of  using  snuff,  XV.  785,  1  ab. 

Diprot'odon,  fossil  kangaroo,  IX.  744,  2  c. 

Dipsa'cece  (botany),  XV.  604,  2  b. 

Dip'sacus  (botany),  XV.  604,  2  b.  D.  fullo- 
num,  ib.  (ill.,  605).  D.  sylvestris,  2  be  (ill., 
605). 

Dip'tera,  order  of  insects,  VI.  128  (ill.).  Gen¬ 
eral  description,  1  ab.  Genera  and  species, 
129,  1  b.  See  Fly. 

Dipterix  (botany),  XV.  796,  1  a.  D.  odorata, 
ib.  (ill.).  D.  eboensis,  2  a. 

Dip'terus  macrolepid'  otus,  fossil  fish,  VII.  615, 

1  a  (ill.). 

Diptychs  [dip'-tiks],  tablets,  VI.  130.  Among 
the  Greeks  and  Romans,  2  ab.  Liturgical, 

2  be.  In  art,  2  c. 

Dipus  JEgyptius  (zoology),  IX.  605,  2  a  (ill.). 

Di’rce :  see  Eumenides. 

Dirca  (botany),  XVI.  615,  1  c.  D.  palustris, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Dirca,  fountain,  referred  to,  XVI.  615,  1  c. 

Dir'ce,  in  mythology,  VI.  131. 

Directo'rium  Inquisito' rum,  IX.  294,  1  a. 

Directory,  Executive,  of  the  French  republic, 
VI.  131. 

u  Directory  for  Public  Worship  f  Presbyterian, 
XVI.  568,  2  a,  b. 

DiRscnAu[deer'-show],town  of  Prussia,  VI.131. 

Dirt  bands,  in  glaciers,  VII.  831,  1  a. 


266 


DIS 


DIX 


Dis :  see  Pluto. 

Did  card ,  in  6carte,  YI.  384,  2  c. 

Discharges,  in  bleaching,  II.  705,  2  b. 

Discharge  style ,  of  calico  printing,  III.  597,  2  a. 
Dischidia  [dis-kid'-e-a],  (botany),  XIII.  549,  2  b. 
Dis'cina  (bracliiopoda),  III.  177,  2  c. 
Disci'ples,  Church  of  the  (Disciples  of  Christ), 
YI.  132  ;  II.  293,  2  b. 

Disciples  of  St.  John :  see  Christians  of  St. 
John. 

Discip'lina  arca'ni,  referred  to,  I.  588,  2  b. 
Discob'oli  (ichthyology),  X.  713,  2  ab. 

Did  eoliths,  a  division  of  coccoliths,  IY.  775, 1  a. 

Alluded  to,  II.  391,  1  b. 

Discontinuance :  see  Disseisin,  YI.  138,  2  c. 
Disooph'oe.e  :  see  Jelly  Fish. 

Dis'count,  in  commercial  transactions,  YI.  133. 

Rule  for,  1  c.  On  merchandise,  1  c. 

Disease,  origin  and  communication  of:  see 
Zymosis,  XYI.  843,  2  be.  Disease  germ, 
844,  1  b. 

Disfarreatio ,  Roman  divorce,  Y.  221,  2  c. 
Disinfectants,  YI.  133.  See  Antiseptics, 
and  Embalming. 

Dislocation,  in  surgery,  YI.  135.  In  geology, 
2  a. 

Dismal  Swamp,  Great,  YI.  135  ;  II.  779,  1  be. 
Dismal  Swamp  canal,  YI.  135,  2  b.  Little 
Dismal,  136,  1  a. 

Dispensaries ,  origin  of,  XI.  348,  1  b. 

Dispensary ,  the,”  satirical  poem,  YII.  632, 1  c. 
Dispensation,  YI.  136.  In  the  Roman  Catho¬ 
lic  church,  1  b. 

Dispensing  power,  royal,  resisted,  III.  470,  2  ab. 
“  Dispersion ,  the  ”  (Jews),  II.  191,  2  a. 
Displacement,  of  a  ship,  XIY.  861,  1  a. 
Disraeli,  Benjamin  [diz-ra'-le  or  diz-re'-le], 
English  author  and  statesman,  YI.  136. 
Title  of  his  wife,  II.  412,  2  a.  (Made  Earl 
Beaconsfield,  1876.) 

Disraeli,  Isaac,  English  author,  YI.  137. 
Disseisin  [dis-se'-zin],  in  English  law,  YI.  138. 

In  the  United  States,  139,  1  be. 

Dissenters,  in  England,  YI.  139.  In  Scotland, 
2  b.  In  Ireland,  2  c.  Relief  bill  for  Eng¬ 
lish  Protestant  dissenters,  YII.  703,  2  c. 
Dissociation,  in  chemistry,  YI.  139  ;  491,  2  be. 
Lamy’s  pyrometer,  140,  1  b.  Heat  of  disso¬ 
ciation,  YIII.  568,  2  c. 

Dissolving  views ,  X.  848,  1  b. 

Distemper,  in  animals,  XYI.  332,  2  b. 
Distemper,  in  painting,  XII.  795,  1  b. 
Distillation,  YI.  140.  Simple  distilling  ap¬ 
paratus,  2  c  (ill.).  Still,  141,  1  a  (ill.).  Al¬ 


coholic  liquor,  1  c.  Manufacture  of  whiskey 
in  Scotland,  2  c.  Edouard  Adam’s  still,  142, 
2  a  (ill.).  Derosne’s  still,  143,  2  a  (ill.).  Fla¬ 
vor,  144,  2  a.  Yarieties  of  alcohol,  2  ab. 
Rectification,  2  be.  Distillation  in  the  Uni¬ 
ted  States,  2  c.  Destructive  distillation, 
145,  1  a.  Fractional  distillation,  2  be.  An¬ 
cient  method  of  distillation,  I.  272,  1  c. 

Distilled  oils :  see  Essential  Oils. 

Didtoma  hepat'icum  (entozoa),  YI.  667,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Cercaria  of,  2  ab  (ill.).  D.  haemato¬ 
bium,  2  c. 

Distress,  in  law,  YI.  145 ;  XIY.  272,  1  c.  In 
the  United  States,  YI.  146,  2  a. 

Distributing  machines:  see  Printing,  XIII. 
848,  2  c. 

District  of  Columbia,  YI.  146.  Govern¬ 
ment,  147,  2  b.  Finances,  148,  1  be.  Char¬ 
itable  and  reformatory  institutions,  2  c.  Ed¬ 
ucation,  149,  1  c.  Churches,  150,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory,  ib. 

Distringas,  writ,  YI.  146,  1  a;  YII.  26,  1  b. 

Dithyram'bus,  Bacchic  song,  YI.  151. 

Ditmarsh,  territory  of  Prussia,  YI.  151. 

Ditton,  Humphrey,  English  mathematician, 
YI.  151. 

Diu  [de'-oo],  island  and  town  of  India,  YI.  151. 

Diuret'ics,  drugs,  YI.  151. 

Diyer,  bird,  YI.  152.  Great  northern,  or 
loon,  1  c  (ill.).  Black-throated,  153,  1  a. 
Red-throated,  1  be  (ill.). 

Divi  [de'-ve],  or  Divi-Divi,  tanning  material, 
YI.  153. 

Dividing  Engine  :  see  Graduation. 

Divination,  YI.  153.  Ancient  forms  of,  2  b. 

Divine  office :  see  Breviary. 

Diving,  YI.  154.  Diving  armor,  2  he  (ill.). 
Diver  spreading  concrete,  155,  2  a  (ill.). 

Diving  Bell,  YI.  155.  Nautilus,  156, 1  c  (ill.). 

Divining  Rod,  YI.  156.  See  Aymar-Yernay. 

Divio,  ancient  town :  see  Dijon. 

Divisibility,  of  matter,  YI.  157. 

Division,  in  botany,  XIII.  593,  1  a.  Of  an 
army,  XIY.  261,  2  c. 

Divodu’rum,  ancient  town,  XI.  462, 1  c  (Metz). 

Divorce,  YI.  157.  For  causes  preceding  mar¬ 
riage,  2  b ;  following  marriage,  158,  1  be. 
Theory  of  the  sacramental  nature  of  mar¬ 
riage,  2  b.  Divorce  in  Prussia,  2  c ;  in  France, 
ib. ;  in  England,  159,  1  a;  in  America,  1  be; 
in  the  several  states,  1  c,  ff.  General  prin¬ 
ciples  of  American  laws,  161,  1  be. 

Dix,  Dorothea  Lynde,  American  philanthro 
pist  and  author,  YI.  161. 


DIX 


DOE 


267 


Dix,  John  Adams,  American  soldier  and  states¬ 
man,  YI.  161. 

Dix,  Morgan,  American  clergyman,  YI.  162. 

Dixcove ,  fort  in  Africa,  I.  210, 2  b ;  YIII.  87, 2  c. 

Dixon,  county,  YI.  162. 

Dixon ,  county  seat  (city),  X.  290,  1  a. 

Dixon,  George,  English  navigator,  YI.  162. 

Dixon,  James,  English  clergyman,  YI.  162. 

Dixon ,  Joseph,  experiments  in  photo-lithogra¬ 
phy  by,  X.  529,  2  c. 

Dixon,  William  Hep  worth,  English  author,  YI. 
162. 

Dixwell,  John,  English  regicide,  YI.  163. 

Diyeh  [de'-ya],  blood  money  (Arabic),  II.  738, 

1  c. 

Dizful :  see  Desful. 

Djeddah:  see  Jiddah. 

Dmitri :  see  Dimitri  (Index). 

Dmitrov  [d’me-trov'],  town  of  Russia,  YI.  163. 

Dnieper  [nee'-per],  (Russ.  Dniepr ,  d’nyepr’), 
river  of  Russia,  YI.  163. 

Dniester  [nees'-ter],  (Russ.  Dniestr,  d’nyestr’), 
river  of  eastern  Europe,  YI.  163. 

Doab  [do-ab'],  name  of  districts  in  Hindostan, 
YI.  163;  XII.  501,  1  b;  XIV.  90,  1  a. 

Doane,  George  Washington  [doan],  American 
bishop,  YI.  164. 

Dobberan  [dub'-ber-an],  German  watering 
place,  YI.  164. 

Dot  chicle,  bird,  YIII.  185,  2  a. 

Do'bell,  Sydney,  English  poet,  YI.  164.  (Died 
1874.) 

Dobeln,  town  of  Saxony,  YI.  164. 

Dobereiner,  Johann  Wolfgang  [do'-ber-I-ner], 
German  chemist,  VI.  164.  Dobereiner’s 
lamp,  2  b;  IX.  Ill,  2  b;  XVI.  817,  2  a. 

Doio,  Stephen:  see  Erlatj,  VI.  715,  2  b. 

Dobrentei,  Gabor  [do'-bren-teh-e],  Hungarian 
author,  VI.  164. 

Dobrizhoffer,  Martin  [do'-brits-huf-fer],  Jes¬ 
uit  missionary,  VI.  164.  His  work  on  the 
Abipones,  165,  la;  I.  26,  1  a. 

Dobrodja  :  see  Dobrudja. 

Dobrov'sky,  Jozef,  Slavic  scholar,  VI.  165 ; 
II.  788,  1  b. 

Dobrudja  [do-broo'-ja],  district  of  Bulgaria, 
VI.  165. 

Dobson,  county  seat,  XV.  489,  1  c. 

Dobson,  Peter,  iceberg  theory  of,  VI.  112,  2  b. 

Dobson,  Thomas,  American  bookseller  and 
author,  VI.  165. 

Dobson,  William,  English  painter,  VI.  165. 

Doce,  Rio  [re'-o  do'-sa],  river  of  Brazil,  VI.  165. 

Doce't.e,  primitive  sect,  VI.  165. 


Dock,  enclosure  for  ships,  VI.  166.  Wet  docks, 

1  b.  Victoria  docks,  London,  2  b  (plan,  167). 
West  India  docks,  &c.,  167, 1  c,  ff.  Atlantic 
dock,  Brooklyn,  168,  1  ab  (plan).  Dry  docks, 

2  b.  Brooklyn  dry  dock,  2  c  (plan  and  trans¬ 
verse  section,  169)  ;  others,  170,  1  a,  ff.  Gil¬ 
bert’s  balance  dock,  2  a  (ill.).  Rennie’s 
floating  dock,  171,  1  ab  (ill.).  New  York 
sectional  floating  dock,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  others,  2  c. 
Hydrostatic  screw  dock,  172,  1  a. 

Dockmackie,  plant,  XVI.  339,  2  a. 

Doctor,  highest  degree  in  learning,  VI.  172. 
Institution  of  the  degree,  1  ab ;  of  the  for¬ 
mulary  in  conferring  it,  1  b;  of  the  four 
faculties,  1  c.  Degrees  conferred  on  women, 
ib.  Requirements  in  different  countries, 
1  c,  ff. 

Doctor,  in  calico  printing,  III.  596, 1  c.  In  the 
printing  press,  XIII.  852,  2  c. 

Doctor  Akakia ,  sobriquet,  XVI.  406,  2  a. 
Doctors’  Commons,  London,  VI.  172 ;  V.  57, 1  b. 
Doctors'1  gate,  Roman  road,  VIII.  35,  2  c. 
Doctors ’  mob,  in  New  York,  IX.  582,  1  b ;  XII. 

407,  2  b.  Allusion  to,  II.  409,  1  a. 
Doctrinaires'  [Fr.  duk-tre-nair],  French  politi¬ 
cal  party,  VI.  173;  X.  681,  2  b. 

Doctrinaires ,  religious  order,  III.  481,  1  c. 
Doctrine  chretienne  [duk-treen  kra-tyen],  reli¬ 
gious  order,  III.  481,  1  c. 

Documentary  hypothesis :  see  Pentateuch, 
XIII.  276,  1  c. 

Dod,  Daniel,  American  machinist,  VI.  173. 

Albert  Baldwin,  D.  D.,  scholar,  2  b. 

Dodd,  William,  English  clergyman,  VI.  173. 

Executed  for  forgery,  174,  1  b. 

Dodder,  parasitic  weed,  IV.  714,  2  c. 
Doddridge,  county,  VI.  174. 

Doddridge,  Philip,  English  clergyman,  VI.  174. 
Dodecap' olis,  Ionian  district,  IX.  329,  1  c. 
Dodecath' eon  Mea'dia  (botany),  XIII.  838,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Dodge,  four  counties,  VI.  174. 

Dod'ington,  George  Bubb,  Baron  Melcombe, 
English  politician,  VI.  175. 

Dodo,  extinct  bird,  VI.  175  (ill.). 

Dodo'na,  ancient  city  of  Epirus,  VI.  176. 
Oracular  oak  tree  and  grove,  177,  1  a;  XII. 
660,  1  c,  2  be.  Supposed  site,  IX.  526,  1  a. 
Dodsley,  Robert,  English  publisher  and  author, 
VI.  177. 

Dodwell,  Edward,  English  author,  VI.  177. 
Dodwell,  Henry,  Irish  writer,  VI.  177. 

Doe,  proper  use  of  the  term,  III.  385,  1  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  75,  2  a. 


268 


DOE 


DOLPHIN 


Doe ,  John ,  legal  fiction,  VI.  484,  2  a. 

Does,  Jacobus  van  der  [dooce],  Dutch  painter, 

VI.  177.  Simon  and  Jacobus  the  younger, 
painters,  2  b. 

Dojfer ,  of  a  carding  machine,  V.  413,  2  c. 

Don,  VI.  177.  Wild  dogs,  178,  2  a.  Dingo, 

179,  1  be  (ill.).  Relapsed  varieties,  2  b. 
Domesticated  races,  2  c.  Esquimaux  dog, 

180,  1  a  (ill.).  Newfoundland  dog,  2  a  (ill.). 
Shepherd’s  dog,  2  c  (ill.).  St.  Bernard  dog, 

181,  1  a  (ill.).  Use  of  dogs,  2  b.  Eossil 
dogs,  2  c. — Age  of  the  dog,  I.  182,  2  ab. 
Water  dog:  see  Poodle.  Diversities  in  size 
and  other  respects,  VII.  13,  1  be. 

Dogato ,  dignity  or  office  of  doge,  VI.  182,  2  a. 
Dogbane ,  plant,  IX.  244,  1  b. 

Dog  beans ,  seeds  of  nux  vomica,  XII.  546,  1  a. 
Dog-day  cicada,  VIII.  502,  2  a. 

Dog  Days,  YI.  182. 

Doge,  YI.  182.  Of  Venice,  2  a.  Marriage 
with  the  Adriatic  instituted,  2  b  ;  I.  279, 
2  a;  XYI.  299,  2  a.  See Bucentaur.  Words 
of  espousal,  ib.,  and  (in  English)  XIY.  337, 
2  c.  Doge’s  palace,  XYI.  297,  2  c  (see  view 
of  St.  Mark’s  Place).  Doge  of  Genoa,  YI. 
183,  1  ab. 

Dog-faced  baboon,  II.  184,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  I.  168, 
2  a.  Eeferred  to,  X.  767,  1  a. 

Dog  Fisii,  YI.  183.  American,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
European,  2  ab.  Dog-fish  skin,  for  polish¬ 
ing,  2  a. 

Dog  fish:  see  Mud  Fish,  XII.  26,  1  a. 

Dog  fishes:  see  Shark,  XIY.  826,  2  c.  Piked 
dog  fishes,  828,  1  b. 

Doggett's  coat  and  badge,  rowing  prize,  XIY. 
455,  2  a. 

Dog  Grass:  see  Couch  Grass. 

Dogmas  {dogmata),  of  church  councils,  Y. 
423,  2  b. 

Dogmatics ,  theoretical  theology,  XY.  695,  1  a. 
“  Dog  of  Montar g is,"  XI.  775,  2  a. 

Dogo,  fruit  of,  VII.  110,  1  c. 

DogoJcana ,  fruit  of,  VII.  110,  1  c. 

Dog's  fennel:  see  Mayweed. 

Dog  shores,  in  ship  launching,  XIY.  864,  1  b. 
Dog's-tail,  grass,  VIII.  169,  1  b. 

Dog  Star,  or  Sirius,  YI.  183. 

Dog  towns,  of  the  prairie  dog,  XIII.  803,  1  b. 
Dogwood,  YI.  184.  Alternate-leaved,  1  c 
(ill.).  Flowering,  ib.  (ill.).  False  use  of  the 
name,  185,  1  a. 

Do'heny ,  Michael ,  Fenian  leader,  referred  to, 

VII.  124,  2  b. 

Dol  [dul],  town  of  France,  YI.  185. 


Dola :  see  D6le. 

Dolabella,  Publius  Cornelius,  YI.  185. 

Dolbear,  Prof.  A.  E.,  XY.  622,  1  a. 

Dolci,  Carlo  [dol'-che],  Italian  painter,  YI.  185. 

Dolcino  [dol-che'-no],  heretical  priest,  XII. 
521,  1  b;  I.  588,  2  c. 

Doldrums,  region  of  calms,  IY.  712,  2  ab. 

Dole,  town  of  France,  YI.  185. 

Dol'erite ,  rock,  XVI.  401,  1  c;  XIY.  371,  1  a. 

Dolet,  Etienne  [dhh-la],  French  scholar  and 
printer,  YI.  186. 

Dolgoruki  [dol-go-roo'-kel,  a  princely  family 
of  Russia,  YI.  186. 

Dolichonyx  oryziv'orus  [dol-e-ko'-nix],  (orni¬ 
thology),  II.  766,  2  a  (ill.). 

Dolichos  [dol'-e-kos],  (botany),  II.  416,  2  a. 
D.  ensiformis,  ib. 

Dolichotis  [dol-e-ko'-tis],  (zoology),  IY.  156, 
2  b,  157,  1  a.  D.  Patachonica,  157,  lb  (ill.). 

Dolicocepli  ali,  division  of  mankind,  YI.  756, 
2  a. 

Dollar,  monetary  unit,  YI.  186.  Origin  of 
the  name,  187,  1  b.  Pillar  dollar,  2  b.  Ori¬ 
gin  of  the  dollar  mark  (  $  ),  ib. 

Dollart  Bay,  German  ocean,  YI.  187. 

Dollier  de  Casson,  Francois  [duh-lya  dhh 
kas-song],  French  explorer,  YI.  187. 

Dollinger,  Ignaz  [dol'-ling-er],  German  phys¬ 
iologist,  YI.  187.  Johann  Joseph  Ignaz, 
theologian,  188,  1  a;  IX.  265,  2  a.  “Old 
Catholic  ”  movement,  YI.  188,  2  c. 

Dollond,  John,  English  optician,  YI.  189.  His 
object  glasses,  VIII.  2  c.  Peter,  YI.  189,  2  a. 

Dolly  tub,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  423,  1  be. 

Dolmen:  see  Cromlech,  Y.  500,  1  c.  Dolmen 
of  Carnac,  IV.  6,  1  b.  Derivation  of  the 
word,  VII.  198,  1  c. 

Dolomieu,  Deodat  Gui  Sylvain  Tancrede  de 
Gratet  de  [do-lo-myuh],  French  geologist, 
YI.  189. 

Dol'omite,  mineral  species,  YI.  190;  III.  772, 
1  be ;  IY.  181,  1  c. 

Dolomit’ic  limestones,  IY.  181,  1  c. 

Dolores  [do-lo'-race],  mission,  XIY.  604,  2  c. 

Dolphin,  cetacean  mammal,  YI.  190.  Com¬ 
mon  dolphin,  191,  2  c  (ill.,  192) ;  bottle¬ 
nosed,  192,  2  a  (ill.);  white,  193,  1  a  (ill., 
192);  deductor,  ib.  (ill.).  Fresh-water  dol¬ 
phins,  193,  1  c;  Bolivian,  ib.  (ill.).  Dol¬ 
phin  of  the  Mediterranean,  2  be  ;  its  beauti¬ 
ful  colors  when  dying,  194,  1  c  ;•  referred  to, 
IY.  243,  1  be.  South  American,  YI.  194, 
1  a  (ilk).  Name  misapplied,  198,  1  c;  VIII. 
147,  2  a. 


DOLPHIN 


DONOVAN 


269 


Dolphin ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  c. 

Dolphin  of  the  Ganges :  see  Soosoo. 

Dolphin  striker ,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  2  a. 

Dolus  mains,  in  law,  VII.  444,  1  b. 

Dorn  [doug],  Portuguese  title  of  honor,  VI. 
206,  2  a. 

Domain,  or  Demesne,  VI.  194.  In  England, 

1  c;  of  the  United  States,  2  b. 

Domat,  Jean  [duh-ma],  French  jurist,  VI.  195. 
Dombild  [dome'-bilt],  of  Cologne  cathedral, 
VI.  130,  2  c. 

Dombeowski,  Jan  Henryk  [dom-brov'-ske], 
Polish  general,  VI.  195. 

Dombroioski ,  Ladislas,  insurgent  leader  in  Paris, 
V.  165,  1  c;  167,  1  b,  ff. 

Dombruch  [dome'-brookh],  quarry  on  the  Dra- 
chenfels,  VI.  237,  2  a. 

Dome,  in  architecture,  VI.  195.  Invention  of, 

2  c.  Dome  of  the  Pantheon,  ib. ;  of  St. 
Sophia,  196,  1  b;  of  St.  Mark,  &c.,  1  c;  of 
St.  Peter’s,  2  a;  of  St.  Paul’s,  2  c;  of  the 
capitol  at  Washington,  197,  1  ab.  Etruscan 
dome,  I.  641,  2  a;  Byzantine,  661,  2  a. 

Domenech,  Emmanuel  [dum-nesh],  French  trav¬ 
eller  and  author,  VI.  197. 

Domenichino  [do-men-e-ke'-no],  or  Domenico 
Zampieri,  Italian  painter,  VI.  197. 

Domenico  di  Paris ,  painter :  see  Alfani. 
Domesday  Book,  VI.  198  (ill.). 

Domicile  [dom'-e-sil],  in  law,  VI.  198. 
Domingo :  see  Dominic. 

Dom'inio,  saint  and  founder  of  the  order  of 
friars  preachers,  VI.  199. 

Domin'ica,  West  Indian  island,  VI.  201. 
Dominica  in  quadragesima ,  X.  343,  1  c  (Lent). 
Dominical  Lettee,  VI.  202 ;  III.  579,  2  b. 
Dominican  Republic  :  see  Santo  Domingo. 
Dominicans,  order  of  preachers  or  friars  preach¬ 
ers,  VI.  202 ;  XI.  730,  1  be,  c.  Dominicans 
and  Franciscans,  rival  schools  of  philosophy 
and  theology,  VI.  203,  2  b.  See  Fkancis- 
cans,  VII.  426,  2  c. 

Dominie's  Bouwery,  farm  in  New  York,  II.  780, 

1  c. 

Dominis,  Marc’  Antonio  de,  theologian  and 
natural  philosopher,  VI.  205. 

Dominos,  game,  VI.  205. 

Dominus  ac  Eedemptor,  papal  brief  for  sup¬ 
pression  of  the  Jesuits,  IV.  664,  1  a. 
Domitian,  Roman  emperor,  VI.  206. 

Domremy  [dong-ruh-me],  village  of  France, 
birthplace  of  Joan  of  Arc,  VI.  206. 

Domus  Aurea,  palace  of  Nero,  XIV.  410,  2  be. 
Don  [Sp.  doan],  Spanish  title  of  honor,  VI.  206. 


Don,  river  of  Russia,  VI.  206.  Of  Scotland, 
2  c.  Of  England,  ib. 

Doila  [do'-nya],  feminine  of  don,  VI.  206,  2  a. 

DoSTa  A^a  [do'-nya  a'-nya],  county,  VI.  206. 

Dona  Gastre  (Doncaster),  VI.  209,  2  a. 

Don'aldson,  John  William,  English  scholar, 
VI.  207. 

Donaldsonville,  county  seat,  I.  804,  1  b. 

Donaleitis ,  Christian  [do-na-li'-tis],  Lithuanian 
poet,  referred  to,  X.  374,  1  b. 

Donar,  Scandinavian  deity,  XII.  120,  1  c. 

Donatello,  Italian  sculptor,  VI.  207. 

Donati,  Giovanni  Battista  [do-na'-te],  Italian 
astronomer,  VI.  207. 

Donation  law ,  for  Oregon,  XII.  685,  2  a. 

Don'atists,  a  party  in  the  early  church,  VI. 
207.  Their  tenets,  209,  1  ab. 

Donato  di  Betto  di  Bardi:  see  Donatello. 

Dona'tus:  see  Donatists. 

Donau  [do'-now],  river:  see  Danube. 

Donault  -  Wieland  [diih-no-ve-lang],  manufac¬ 
turer  of  artificial  gems,  VII.  665,  1  a. 

Donauwoeth  [do'-now-vort],  town  of  Bavaria, 
VI.  209. 

Don  Benito  [ba-ne'-to],  town  of  Spain,  VI.  209. 

Don'castek,  town  of  England,  VI.  209. 

Don  Cossacks,  Land  of  the,  VI.  209. 

Donderbarrack,  hill  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Dondees,  Frans  Cornells,  Dutch  physician, 
VI.  209. 

Donegal  [don-e-gawl'],  county  of  Ireland,  VI. 

210. 

Do'netz,  river  of  Russia,  VI.  210. 

Dongan  charter ,  of  New  York  city,  XII.  408,  2  c. 

Don'gola,  province  of  Nubia,  VI.  210.  New 
Dongola,  capital,  2  a.  Old  Dongola,  'ib. 

Doniphan,  county,  VI.  210. 

Doniphan ,  county  seat,  XIV.  346,  2  a. 

Donizet'ti,  Gaetano  [Ital.  do-ne-dzet'-te],  Ital¬ 
ian  composer,  VI.  210;  XII.  92,  2  b. 

Donjon,  tower,  VII.  328,  2  b ;  XIV.  6,  1  c. 

Don  Ju'an,  mythical  personage,  VI.  211. 

Donnacona ,  Indian  king  of  Canada,  IV.  41, 
1  a  and  b. 

Donne  [diih-na],  (Alfred,  French  physician,  born 
1801):  see  Animal  Electeicity,  I.  519,  1  b. 

Donne,  John  [don],  English  poet,  VI.  211. 

Don'nybeook,  parish  and  village  of  Ireland, 
VI.  212.  Donnybrook  fair,  ib. ;  VII.  58,  2  c. 

Dono,  Paolo  di :  see  Uccello. 

Donoso  Coetes,  Juan  Francisco  Maria  de  la 
Salud,  marquis  [do-no'-so  kore-tace'],  Span¬ 
ish  statesman  and  author,  VI.  212. 

Don'oyan,  Edward,  English  naturalist,  VI.  212. 


270 


DON  QUIXOTE 


DOUAI 


Don  Quix'ote  [Sp.  ke-kho'-ta] :  see  Cerv antes, 
IV.  213,  1  b,  2  b,  and  Avellaneda,  A.  F.  de. 

Doo,  George  Thomas,  English  engraver  and 
painter,  VI.  212. 

Doo'ars,  region  of  India,  III.  85,  2  c,  ff. 

Dooly,  county,  VI.  213. 

Doominca,  dancing  girl  of  India,  II.  405,  1  a. 

Doomsday  Booh :  see  Domesday  Book. 

Doon,  lake  and  river  of  Scotland,  VI.  213. 

Door  [dore],  county,  VI.  213. 

Doorgha  Kond ,  temple  in  Benares,  II.  514,  2  c. 

Door  weed,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Dora  d’Istria  [do'-ra  dis'-tre-a],  (pseudonyme), 
’Wallachian  authoress,  VI.  213. 

Dorak',  town  of  Persia,  VI.  213. 

Do'ran,  John,  British  author,  VI.  213. 

Dor  bug,  IV.  787,  1  ab,  2  ab. 

Dorchester,  county  of  Maryland,  VI.  214. 

Dorchester,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VI.  214. 

Dorchester,  borough  of  England,  VI.  214. 

Dorchester ,  county  seat,  XVI.  569,  1  c. 

Dorchester  heights,  Boston,  III.  116,  1  c. 

Dorchester  stone ,  XIV.  600,  2  be. 

Dordogne  [dor-dony’J,  department  of  France, 
VI.  214.  River,  2  a. 

Dordogne  caves ,  prehistoric  remains  in,  I.  642, 
2  c ;  643,  1  b. 

Dor'dracxtm :  see  Dort. 

Dordrecht  [dor'-drekt] :  see  Dort. 

Dore,  Paul  Gustave  [do-ra],  French  artist,  VI. 
214. 

Dore'ma  ammoni’acum  (botany),  I.  428,  1  b. 

Do'ria,  Andrea,  Genoese  statesman  and  ad¬ 
miral,  VI.  214;  183,  1  b. 

Doria,  family  of,  VI.  214,  2  c ;  VII.  676,  2  c, 
677,  1  a  (Genoa). 

Doria,  palazzo,  VII.  675,  1  ab  (ill.,  674). 

Doria,  gilded  antelope,  I.  546,  1  c. 

Dorian  hexapolis ,  confederacy,  VI.  215,  2  c. 

Dorians,  Greek  race,  VI.  215. 

Dor'ic  dialect,  VIII.  207,  2  be ;  208,  1  a. 

Doric  order  of  architecture,  I.  655,  2  c  (ill., 
656) ;  among  the  Romans,  659,  2  be. 

Do'ris,  district  of  Greece,  VI.  215.  In  Asia 
Minor,  2  c. 

Doris  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Dorking,  town  of  England,  VI.  216.  Dorking 
fowls,  ib. ;  IV.  783,  1  b  (ill.). 

Dormouse,  VI.  216.  Fat  dormouse,  1  c;  gar¬ 
den,  2  a ;  common,  2  b  (ill.) ;  Cape,  2  c. 

Dorn,  Heinrich  Ludwig  Edmund,  German  com¬ 
poser,  VI.  216. 

Dornbirn  [dorn'-beern],  town  of  Austria,  VI. 
217. 


Dorner,  Isaak  August,  theologian,  VI.  217. 
Do'rog,  town  of  Hungary,  VI.  217. 
Dorogobuzh  [do-ro-go-boozli'],  town  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  VI.  217. 

Dorosma  [do'-rosh-maw],  town  of  Hungary, 

VI.  217. 

Dorp,  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  217. 

Dor'pat,  town  of  Russia,  VI.  217.  University, 
2  a. 

Dorpt :  see  Dorp  at. 

Dorr,  county  seat,  X.  785,  2  c. 

Dorr's  rebellion,  XIV.  297,  2  b. 

D'Orsay,  count  [dor-sa] :  see  Orsay. 

Dorset,  Earls  of:  see  Sackville. 

Dorsetshire,  county  of  England,  VI.  217.  Dor¬ 
set  sheep,  218,  1  a. 

Dorsey,  John  Syng,  American  physician,  VI. 
218. 

Dorsibran'chiates,  division  of  worms,  VI.  218. 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  (botany),  V.  291,  1  c. 
Dort,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  VI.  218. 
Dort,  Synod  of:  see  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church,  XIV.  255,  1  ab;  also  I. 
728,  2  a. 

Dortmund  [dort'-moont],  town  of  Prussia,  VI. 
218. 

Dorus-Gras,  Julie  Aimee  van  Steenkiste  [do- 
riis-gra],  French  singer,  VI.  219. 

Dory,  family  of  fishes,  VI.  219.  John  Dory, 

1  c  (ill.)*  Origin  of  the  name,  2  a.  Ameri¬ 
can  dories,  2  c. 

Dory,  flat-bottomed  boat,  IV.  794,  1  c. 
Doryph’ora  10-lineata  (entomology),  XIII.  768, 

2  ab  (ill.).  D.  juncta,  771,  1  a  (ill.). 

Dosha  powder,  quack  medicine,  IX.  537,  1  ab. 
DosiTn'EANs,  religious  sect,  VI.  220. 

Dositheus :  see  Dositheans. 

Dossios,  a  would-be  assassin,  VIII.  203,  2  a. 
Dost  Mohammed:  see  Afghanistan,  I.  161, 

1  b;  162,  1  be. 

Dost  Mohammed  Khan,  Afghan  chief,  referred 
to,  II.  605,  2  c. 

Dotard,  kind  of  seal,  XIV.  731,  2  c. 

Dothid'ea  Kobertia' num,  fungus,  referred  to, 

VII.  732,  1  a. 

Dotis,  town  of  Hungary,  VI.  220. 

Dotterel,  bird,  XIII.  618,  2  a.  Spur-winged 
dotterel,  reputed  ally  of  the  crocodile,  I.  333, 

2  b;  V.  496,  2  a  (plover). 

Dottore  [dot-to'-ra],  theatrical  pedant,  VIII. 
463,  2  ab. 

Douai  [doo-a],  town  of  France,  VI.  220.  Col¬ 
lege,  2  a;  removal  to  Rlieims,  ib.  Douay 
Bible,  II.  614,  1  c.  See  Alan,  I.  236,  2  c. 


DOUARNENEZ 


DOWNPATRICK 


271 


Douarnenez  [doo-ar-nuh-na],  town  of  France, 

VI.  220. 

Douay}  town :  see  Douai. 

Douay,  Charles  Abel,  French  soldier,  VI.  220. 

Felix  Charles,  soldier,  2  b. 

Doubleday,  Edward,  English  naturalist,  VI. 

220. 

Doubleday ,  Thomas ,  on  the  law  of  population, 
XIII.  670,  2  ab. 

Double  entry ,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  1  a,  b. 

Fundamental  law  of,  2  be. 

Double  Gloucester ,  cheese,  II.  559,  2  be. 
Doublet  (lens) :  see  Microscope,  XI.  513,  2  b. 
Doubloon  [dub-loon'],  coin,  VI.  221. 

Doubs  [doo],  river  of  France,  VI.  221 ;  IV. 
347,  1  c. 

Doubs,  department  of  France,  VI.  221. 

Douce,  Francis  [dowce],  English  antiquary, 

VI.  221. 

Dough  bird ,  curlew,  V.  583,  2  ab. 

Dougherty  [dSh'-her-te],  county,  VI.  221. 
Doughface ,  origin  of  the  epithet,  XIV.  200,  1  b. 
Doughty,  Thomas  [dow'-te],  American  painter, 
VI.  221. 

Douglas  [dug'-las],  eleven  counties,  VI.  221. 
Douglas ,  county  seat,  V.  18,  1  a. 

Douglas,  capital  of  the  isle  of  Man,  VI.  222. 
Village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  2  c.  Douglas 
castle  (“Castle  Dangerous”),  223,  1  a. 
Douglas,  noble  Scottish  family,  VI.  223.  Sir 
James  (“the  good  Sir  James”),  1  b.  Earl 
William,  2  b ;  IX.  514,  2  a-c.  Archibald 
“  Bell-the-Cat,”  “  the  Great  Earl,”  VI.  223, 
2  be.  Archibald,  sixth  earl  of  Angus,  224, 
1  a.  Armorial  bearings,  2  be. 

Douglas,  David,  British  botanist,  VI.  224. 
Douglas,  Gawin  or  Gavin,  Scottish  poet  and 
bishop,  VI.  225.  His  translation  of  the 
iEneid,  1  b.  Surmised  germ  of  Bunyan’s 
“Pilgrim’s  Progress,”  ib. 

Douglas,  Sir  Howard,  English  general,  VI.  225. 
Douglas,  John,  English  prelate,  VI.  225. 
Douglas,  Stephen  Arnold,  American  states¬ 
man,  VI.  225.  His  career  in  congress,  226, 

1  c.  The  Oregon  question,  ib.  On  the 
question  of  slavery,  2  b.  Compromise  mea¬ 
sures  of  1850,  2  c.  Kansas-Nebraska  bill, 
227,  1  ab.  A  candidate  for  the  presidency, 

2  b.  His  opposition  to  secession,  2  be. 
Douglass,  David  Bates,  American  engineer, 

VI.  228. 

Douglass,  Frederick,  American  orator  and 
journalist,  VI.  228. 

Douglasville ,  county  seat,  VI.  221,  2  b. 


Doumpalm ,  VI.  594,  2  b;  XII.  529,  2  c. 

Dour  [door],  town  of  Belgium,  VI.  228. 

Dou'ro  [Port,  do'-roo],  river,  VI.  228. 

Douroucou'li,  monkey,  VI.  229  (ill.). 

Douville,  Jean  Baptiste  [doo-veel],  French 
traveller,  VI.  229. 

Douw,  Gerard  [dow],  Dutch  painter,  VI.  229. 

Dove:  see  Pigeon,  XII.  504,  1  c. 

Dove,  river  of  England,  VI.  229.  Dove  Dale, 
2  c. 

Dove,  Heinrich  Wilhelm  [do'-vSh],  German 
physicist,  VI.  230.  His  meteorological  ob¬ 
servations  referred  to,  IV.  679,  2  c.  His 
theory  of  hurricanes,  IX.  2  b. — Richard  Wil¬ 
helm,  jurist,  VI.  230,  1  be. 

Dove  keys ,  islands,  XIII.  506,  1  c. 

Dove  plant :  see  Holy  Spirit  Plant. 

Do'ver,  seaport  of  England,  VI.  230 ;  view, 
231.  Ancient  church  and  Pharos  (ill.),  ib. 

Dover,  city  of  New  Hampshire,  VI.  231.  Set¬ 
tlement  of,  XVI.  151,  1  b. 

Dover,  town  of  New  Jersey,  VI.  232. 

Dover,  capital  of  Delaware,  VI.  232. 

Dover,  township  of  Ohio,  VI.  232.  Canal 
Dover,  1  be. 

Dover ,  county  seats,  XIII.  542,  1  a;  706,  2  a; 
XV.  382,  2  a. 

Dover ,  Lord :  see  Ellis,  George  James  Welbore. 

Dover,  Strait  of,  VI.  232. 

Dover  breakwater ,  III.  237,  1  be  (ill.). 

Dover  Hill ,  county  seat,  XI.  208,  1  a. 

Dover’s  Powder,  medicine,  VI.  232. 

Dovetailed  line ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  a  (ill.). 

Dovrefield  (Dan.  Dovre  Fjeld,  do'-vreh  fyeld), 
mountain  range  of  Norway,  VI.  232. 

Dow ,  Gerard  :  see  Douw. 

Dow,  Lorenzo,  American  preacher,  VI.  232. 

Dower,  VI.  233.  At  common  law,  2  a.  In 
France,  2  b.  English  law  of,  234,  1  a.  In 
the  United  States,  1  b. 

Dowk ,  in  lead  mines,  X.  200,  2  b. 

Dowler,  Bennet,  American  physician  and 
physiologist,  VI.  234. 

Dowletabad',  town  of  Hindostan,  VI.  235  (ill.). 

Down,  county  of  Ireland,  VI.  235. 

Downes,  John,  American  naval  officer,  VI.  235. 

Downie ,  Capt.,  British  commander  at  Lake 
Champlain,  IV.  249,  2  c. 

Downieville ,  county  seat,  XV.  32,  1  a. 

Downing,  Andrew  Jackson,  American  land¬ 
scape  gardener,  VI.  235. 

Downing ,  Major  Jack ,  letters  of,  XV.  121,  1  b. 

Downpat'rick,  town  of  Ireland,  VI.  236. 
Wells  of  St.  Patrick,  2  a. 


272 


DOWNS 


DRAYTON 


Downs,  in  England,  YI.  217,  2  c ;  599,  1  b. 
Turf  of  the,  XYI.  46,  2  be. 

Downs,  the,  English  roadstead,  Y.  741,  2  be; 
YI.  598,  2  be ;  VIII.  108,  1  a. 

Dowry ,  of  a  Roman  wife,  XIII.  72,  2  c. 

Dowse,  Thomas,  American  book  collector,  YI. 
236. 

Doxology,  YI.  236. 

Doyle,  Richard,  English  artist,  YI.  237. 

Doylestown,  county  seat,  III.  390,  1  b. 

Doyle  and  Martin’s  rotary  air  pump,  I.  221, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Dozy,  Reinhart,  Dutch  orientalist  and  historian, 
YI.  237. 

Dracce'na  dra'co  (botany),  YI.  240,  1  c.  Age 
of,  I.  184,  1  a. 

Drachenfels  [dra'-khen-felce],  mountain  of 
Germany,  YI.  237.  Ruins  on  the,  2  a  (ill.). 

Drachma  [drak'-ma],  ancient  Greek  weight 
and  coin,  YI.  237.  Athenian  (ill.). 

Dra'co,  Athenian  lawgiver,  YI.  237.  See 
Athens,  II.  55,  1  a.  His  laws  referred  to, 
III.  754,  2  c;  Y.  486,  1  be. 

Draco  (zoology),  YI.  238,  2  a.  D.  fimbriatus, 
239,  1  a  (ill.,  238).  D.  Daudinii,  239,  1  a. 

Dracs :  see  Fairies,  YII.  64,  1  a. 

Dracun'  cuius  (zoology),  YI.  239,  1  ab.  D. 
lineatus,  ib.  D.  spilopterus,  1  b. 

Dra'cut,  town  of  Massachusetts,  YI.  238. 

Draft :  see  Bill  of  Exchange  (Index). 

Draft  riots ,  in  New  York,  X.  495,  1  a;  XII. 
408,  1  c. 

Drag,  the,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  867,  2  ab. 

Drag'oman,  interpreter,  YI.  238.  See  Fana- 
riotes,  YII.  79,  2  a. 

Dragon,  Biblical,  YI.  238.  Mythological,  1  c. 

Dragon,  iguanian  lizard,  YI.  238  (ill.). 

Dragonetti,  Domenico,  Italian  contrabassist, 
YI.  239. 

Dragon  Fly,  YI.  239  (ills.).  Muscular  activ¬ 
ity  of,  IX.  313,  2  ab. 

Dragon  Hill ,  England,  referred  to,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Dragon  root,  XVI.  422,  2  be. 

Dragon’s  Blood,  resin,  YI.  240 ;  II.  249,  2  a. 

Dragoons,  introduction  of,  I.  747,  1  a;  IY.  144, 
2  b. 

Dragoshites ,  Moldavian  dynasty,  XI.  704,  1  c. 

Draguignan  [dra-ghe'-nyoDg],  town  of  France, 
YI.  240. 

Dragut  [dra-goot'],  Barbarypirate,  XV.  872, 2  c. 

Drainage,  YI.  240.  Systems,  2  b.  Under¬ 
ground  tile  drainage,  241,  1  a,  ff.  (ill.). 
Draining  of  the  Bedford  Level,  2  ab.  Of 
Haarlem  lake,  2c;  its  effect  on  the  drainage 


system  of  Holland,  242,  1  b.  Proposed 
drainage  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  XYI.  839,  2  a. 
Hygienic  necessity  of  drainage,  IX.  130,  2  b. 

Drake,  Daniel,  American  physician,  YI.  242. 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  English  navigator,  YI.  243. 

Drake,  Friedrich  [dra'-keh],  German  sculptor, 
YI.  243. 

Drake,  J oseph  Rodman,  American  poet,  YI.  244. 

Drake,  Nathan,  English  physician  and  writer, 
YI.  244. 

Drake,  Samuel  Gardner,  American  author,  YI. 
244  ;  XYI.  193,  2  b.  (Died  1875.) 

Drako  [dra'-ko],  harbor  :  see  Piraeus. 

Drama,  YI.  244.  Tragedy,  245,  1  ab.  Come¬ 
dy,  2  b.  Roman  drama,  246,  1  a.  Roman¬ 
tic  age,  1  ab.  Modern  drama,  1  c.  Opera, 
2  c.  Melodrama,  ib.  Farce,  247, 1  a.  Vau¬ 
deville,  ib.  Pantomime,  1  b. 

Dramburg  [dram'-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  YI. 
247. 

Dkammen,  town  of  Norway,  YI.  247. 

Dranesville,  village  of  Virginia,  YI.  247. 
Battle  of,  2  a. 

Draper,  original  meaning  of,  XYI.  715,  1  be. 

Draper,  John  William,  chemist  and  physiolo¬ 
gist,  YI.  247.  See  Actinism;  Actinometer; 
Photography,  XIII.  469, 1  ab,  2  c,  ff. ;  Spec¬ 
trum,  XY.  246,  1  be,  247,  1  a,  ff.  His  photo¬ 
graphs  of  the  moon,  XI.  800,  2  b.  Experi¬ 
ments  on  the  chemical  action  of  light,  X.  452, 
2  c. — John  Christopher,  chemist  and  physi¬ 
ologist,  YI.  248,  1  b. — Henry,  chemist  and 
physiologist,  ib.  His  method  of  intensifying 
the  photographic  negative,  XIII.  470,  2  be. 
His  photographs  of  the  moon,  XI.  800,  2  c 
(ill.);  print  of  the  spectrum,  XY.  248,  1  c. 

Draper,  Sir  William,  English  military  officer, 
YI.  248.  See  Manila,  XI.  110,  1  c. 

Drau  [drow],  river:  see  Drave. 

Draught,  line  of :  see  Wheel,  XYI.  592,  1  ab 

Draughts,  game,  YI.  248. 

Drave,  river  of  Austria,  YI.  249. 

Drav'idas  :  see  Ethnology,  YI.  758,  2  b. 

Dramd'ians,  race,  IX.  213,  1  c;  214,  2  b;  215, 
1  be.  Dravidian  languages,  219,  2  b. 

Drawing,  YI.  249.  Architectural  and  mechan¬ 
ical  drawing,  2  c.  Orthographic  projection, 
ib.,  ff1.  (ills.).  Perspective,  250,  2  b  (ill.).  Iso- 
metrical  projection,  251,  1  b  (ill.).  Topo¬ 
graphical  drawing,  2  a  (ill.,  252). 

Drawing ,  in  weaving,  XYI.  523,  1  c. 

Drawing  frame,  in  rope  making,  XIY.  424,  2  a. 

Draw-plate,  in  wire  making,  XYI.  676,  2  b. 

Drayton,  Michael,  English  poet,  YI.  253. 


DRAYTON 


DRUIDICAL 


273 


Drayton,  "William  Henry,  American  statesman, 
VI.  253. 

Drayton's  process  of  silvering  mirrors,  XI.  G33, 

1  c. 

Dream,  YI.  253.  Laws  of  association,  2  be. 
Rapidity  of  dreaming,  254,  1  c.  Effect  of 
idiosyncrasy,  2  b.  Prophetic  dreams,  255, 1  a. 

Drebbel,  Cornells  van,  Dutch  philosopher  and 
inventor,  YI.  255. 

Dredge,  Muller’s,  VI.  256,  2  b;  Ball’s,  2  c. 

Dredging,  YI.  256.  Dredging  machines,  1  ab, 
ff.(ills.).  The  first  steam  dredging  machine 
used  in  America,  794,  2  a. 

Dredging,  Deep-Sea,  YI.  256.  Dredges  and 
their  adjuncts,  2  b,  ff.  Method  of  deep-sea 
dredging,  257, 2  c.  Deep-sea  fauna,  258, 1  c ; 
geology,  259,  2  c. 

Dred  Scott,  case  of,  XY.  565,  1  c ;  102,  2  ab ; 
XII.  165,  2  a. 

Dreikonigsbund  [drl'-ko-niks-boont],  royal  alli¬ 
ance,  II.  599,  2  a. 

Drelincourt,  Charles  [driih-lang-koor],  French 
clergyman,  YI.  260.  “  Drelincourt  on  Death,” 
Defoe’s  device  to  promote  its  sale,  1  b. 

Drenthe  [dren'-teh],  province  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  YI.  260. 

Drep'anum ,  ancient  city,  XY.  847,  2  a. 

Dresden,  capital  of  Saxony,  YI.  260  ;  view, 
261.  Art  collections,  262,  1  ab.  Educa¬ 
tional  institutions,  2  a.  History,  2  c. 

Dresden  manuscript,  Central  American  picture 
writing,  VIII.  720,  2  c. 

Dressing  machine,  in  weaving,  XVI.  524,  2  b. 

Dreux  [druh],  town  of  France,  YI.  263. 

Drew,  county,  YI.  263. 

Drew,  Samuel,  English  clergyman,  YI.  263. 

Dreyschock,  Alexander  [drl'-shuk],  German 
composer,  YI.  263. 

Dreyse,  Johann  Nikolaus  von  [drl'-zeh],  Ger¬ 
man  mechanician  and  inventor,  YI.  264. 
Dreyse’s  needle  gun,  1  b ;  XIY.  329,  1  c. 

Drift:  see  Diluvium.  Unstratified  drift,  YI. 
Ill,  1  c.  Glacial  drift,  2  be;  VII.  829,  1  a. 

Drift,  in  mining,  Y.  66,  2  c ;  XI.  572,  1  a. 

Drift,  of  projectile,  VIII.  325,  2  a. 

Drill,  in  mechanics :  see  Boring,  III.  98,  1  c. 
Various  forms  of  drills,  98,  2  a,  99,  1  c  (ills.). 
Drilling  machine,  99,  1  c  (ill.).  Burleigh 
drill,  II.  700, 1  c  (ill.) ;  III.  100, 1  a.  Inger- 
soll  drill,  1  be  (ill.).  Wood’s  drill,  2  a  (ill.). 
Diamond  drill,  2  c  (ills.,  101).  Artesian  drill 
of  M.  Goulet-Collet,  I.  779,  2  b. 

Drill,  in  zoology :  see  Baboon,  II.  184,  2  c. 
(ill.). 


Driver  ants,  referred  to,  X.  398,  1  ab. 

Drogheda  [droh'-he-da],  town  of  Ireland,  YI. 
264.  Gate  of  St.  Lawrence,  1  c  (ill.). 

Drohobycz  [dro'-ho-bitch],  town  of  Austria, 
YI.  264. 

Droit  d'aubaine  [drwa  do-bain] :  see  Alien,  I. 
313,  1  a  and  b. 

Droit  de  detraction  [dull  da-trak-se-ong] :  see> 
Alien,  I.  313,  1  a. 

Droitwich  [droit'-ich],  borough  of  England, 
YI.  264. 

Dromai’us  Nova,  Hollandia  (ornithology),  YI. 
588,  2  a  (ill.). 

Dromathe' rium ,  fossil  animal,  XII.  Ill,  1  b. 

Drome,  department  of  France,  VI.  264. 

Drom'edary  :  see  Camel,  III.  649,  1  c ;  650, 
2  a. 

Drone,  male  bee,  II.  452,  1  a  (ill.) ;  453,  2  a. 

Drontheim  [dront'-hime],  province  of  Norway, 
YI.  265.  Capital,  1  c.  Cathedral,  2  a  (ill.). 

Dropsy,  YI.  265.  Local  dropsy,  2  c ;  general, 
266, 1  a ;  cause  of  general  dropsy,  VIII.  563, 
1  a.  From  disease  of  the  liver,  YI.  266, 1  b  ; 
of  the  heart,  1  c ;  of  the  kidneys,  2  a.  Treat¬ 
ment,  2  b. 

Dropwort,  plant,  XY.  275,  1  b  (ill.). 

Dr  os' era  (botany),  XY.  479,  1  c  (ills.) ;  IX. 
310,  1  a.  D.  rotundifolia,  XY.  479,  2  b.1 
D.  filifolia,  or  filiformis,  479,  2  c,  480,  2  b ; 
IX.  310,  1  ab. 

Droste,  Annette  Elisabeth  [drus'-teh],  baron¬ 
ess  Htilshoff,  German  poetess,  YI.  266. 

Drouet,  Jean  Baptiste  [droo-a],  French  revo¬ 
lutionist,  YI.  267. 

Drouet  d’Erlon,  Jean  Baptiste,  count  [dair- 
long],  French  general,  YI.  267. 

Drouyn  de  Lhuys,  Edouard  [droo-ang  duh  lwee 
or  lweez],  French  diplomatist,  YI.  267. 

Drowning,  YI.  267.  Marshall  Hall’s  directions 
for  recovering  the  drowned,  268,  2  a. 

Droysen,  Johann  Gustav  [droi'-zen],  German 
historian,  YI.  268. 

Droz,  Francois  Xavier  Joseph  [dro],  French 
author,  YI.  268. 

Droz,  Gustave,  French  author,  YI.  269. 

Droz,  Pierre  Jacquet,  Swiss  mechanician,  YI. 
269.  Henri  Louis  Jacquet,  1  c.  Automata 
made  by  them,  ib.,  and  II.  155,  2  b. 

Drozdojf,  Basil :  see  Philaret. 

Drugget ,  a  kind  of  felt,  VII.  119,  1  a. 

Drugs,  adulteration  of,  I.  134,  1  ab. 

Druidical  remains :  see  Avebury  ;  Barrow, 
II.  340, 1  a ;  Druids,  YI.  271, 1  c ;  Carnao  ; 
Stonehenge. 


18 


274 


DRUIDS 


DUCAT 


Druids,  YI.  269.  Druid  priest  (ill.),  ib.  Their 
origin,  2  a;  seats,  2  c;  characteristics,  270, 

1  ah ;  superstitions,  2  a ;  organization,  2  c. 
Archdruid,  271,  1  a.  Affiliated  orders  and 
their  rules,  1  b.  Modern  remains  of  druid- 
ism,  1  c. 

Drum,  musical  instrument,  YI.  271. 

Drum  rock,  Rhode  Island,  XYI.  467,  1  a. 
Drummond,  Thomas,  British  naval  officer  and 
inventor,  YI.  271.  Drummond  light,  2  c. 
Drummond,  William,  Scottish  poet,  YI.  272. 
Drummond,  Sir  William,  author  and  diplo¬ 
matist,  YI.  272. 

Drummond  lake ,  Dismal  Swamp,  YI.  135,  2  b. 
Drummond  light ,  YI.  271,  2  c ;  III.  568,  2  c  ; 

II.  749,  1  a,  750,  1  b. 

Drummond  Town ,  county  seat,  I.  60,  2  a. 

“ Drunken  administration :  ”  see  Granville, 
VIII.  162,  2  ab. 

Drupe,  in  botany,  XIII.  590,  2  c. 

Druses,  YI.  272.  Druse  man  and  woman 
(ill.),  274.  Their  origin,  272,  2  b ;  sacred 
writings,  2  be ;  tenets,  273,  2  a ;  worship, 

274,  1  a;  government,  274,  1  c.  Deir  el- 
Kamr,  2  c  (ill.,  275).  History,  ib.  Massa¬ 
cre  of  Christians  in  1860,  275,  2  b. 

Drusus,  Claudius  Nero,  Roman  general,  YI. 

275.  Drusus  Caesar  (Drusus  Junior),  son  of 
Tiberius,  276,  1  b. 

Drususthurm  [droo'-zoos-toorm],  tower  at  Bin¬ 
gen,  II.  645,  1  ab.  Drususbriicke,  bridge,  ib. 
Druzes  :  see  Druses. 

Dryads,  in  mythology,  YI.  276.  See  Fairies, 
VII.  63,  2  a;  Nymphs,  XII.  549,  2  c. 
Dryander,  Jonas  [dre-an'-der],  Swedish  natu¬ 
ralist,  YI.  276. 

Dryburgh  abbey  [Scot,  drl'-bur-rith],  ruins  of, 
referred  to,  II.  588,  1  a ;  XIY.  709,  2  be. 
Dryden,  John,  English  poet,  YI.  276.  His 
marriage,  277, 1  a  ;  profession  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  creed,  2  a ;  character  and  habits, 

2  b.  Character  of  his  writings,  ib. 

Drying  Oils,  YI.  278;  X.  513,  1  a. 

Dryna'ria  coro'nans  (botany),  (ill.),  VII.  151,  2. 
Dryobal'onopscampho’ra  (botany),  III.  667, 2  be. 
Dryocampa  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  ab. 

Dry  piles ,  in  galvanism,  VII.  592,  1  b. 

Dry  point,  engraving  instrument,  YI.  651,  2  a. 
Dry  Rot,  in  timber,  YI.  278.  Preventives, 

1  b.  How  produced,  VII.  531,  2  be. 

'Dry  Tortu'gas,  islets,  Florida,  YI.  278. 

Dryot'omus  pilea'tus  (ornithology),  XYI.  709, 

2  c  (ill.,  710). 

Dualism,  chemical,  II.  87,  2  b. 


Dualism  of  Descartes,  opposed  by  Leibnitz,  X. 
325,  1  b. 

Dualistic  theory,  in  chemistry,  XII.  477,  2  be. 
Duality,  principle  of,  in  geometry, YII.  702, 1  c. 
Dualline  [du'-al-lin] :  see  Explosives,  YII. 

37,  2  ab;  Blasting,  II.  703,  1  b. 

Duane',  William,  American  politician  and  jour¬ 
nalist,  YI.  278. 

Dub  an,  Jacques  Felix  [dii-bang],  French  archi¬ 
tect,  YI.  279. 

Du  Barry  :  see  Barry. 

Dubis,  river :  see  Doubs. 

Dublin,  county  of  Ireland,  YI.  279.  Capital 
city,  1  c  (view).  Trinity  college,  280,  1  c 
(ill.).  St.  Patrick’s  cathedral,  281,  1  c  (ill.). 
History,  282,  1  a. 

Dublin,  county  seat,  X.  209,  2  a. 

Dub'ner,  Friedrich,  philologist,  YI.  282. 
Dubno  [doob'-no],  town  of  Russia,  YI.  282. 
Dubois  [du-boice'],  county,  YI.  282. 

Dubois,  Antoine,  baron  [dti-bwa],  surgeon,  YI. 

282.  Paul  Antoine,  obstetrician,  2  a. 
Dubois,  Guillaume,  cardinal  and  statesman, 

YI.  282. 

Dubois,  Jean  Antoine,  missionary,  YI.  283. 

Du  Bois-Reymond,  Emil  [dii  bwa-ra-mongJ,  Ger¬ 
man  physiologist,  YI.  283.  See  Animal 
Electricity,  I.  519,  1  a,  b;  520,  1  ab,  b,  c; 
521,  1  a-bc. 

Du  Bois,  Jacques :  see  Sylvius. 

Dubos,  Jean  Baptiste  [dii-bo],  French  critic 
and  historian,  YI.  283. 

Dubosary  [doo-bo-sa'-re],  town  of  Russia,  YI. 

283. 

Dubov'ka,  town  of  Russia,  YI.  283. 

Dubris :  see  Dover,  England. 

Dubs,  Jakob  [doops],  Swiss  statesman,  YI.  283. 
Dubufe,  Claude  Marie,  French  painter,  YI. 

283.  Edouard,  painter,  284,  1  a. 

Dubuisson,  Paul  Ulrich  [du-bwe-song],  French 
author,  YI.  284. 

Dubuque  [du-buke'],  county,  YI.  284.  Chief 
city  of  Iowa,  1  c. 

Dubuque ,  Julien,  French  Canadian,  YI.  285, 
1  b;  X.  282,  1  a. 

Du  Camp,  Maxime  [dii  kang],  French  artist 
and  author,  YI.  285. 

Du  Cange,  Charles  du  Fresne,  sieur  [dii  kangzh], 
French  historian  and  philologist,  YI.  285. 
Ducarel',  Andrew  Coltee,  English  antiquary, 
YI.  285. 

Du'cas ,  Joannes ,  Byzantine  prince,  YI.  771,  1  b. 
Ducas,  Michael,  Byzantine  historian,  YI.  286. 
Duc'at,  coin,  YI.  286. 


DUCCIO 


DUFOUR 


275 


Duccio  di  Buoninsegna  [doot'-cho  de  bwo- 
nin-sa'-nya],  Italian  painter,  VI.  286. 

Pucena'rius ,  Byzantine  imperial  officer,  XIII. 
176,  1  c. 

Du  Chaillu,  Paul  Belloni  [dti  sha-yii],  Ameri¬ 
can  traveller,  VI.  286. 

Du  Chatelet,  Gabrielle  fknilie  le  Tonnelier  de 
Breteuil,  marchioness  [dii  shat-la],  French 
authoress,  VI.  287. 

Duciie,  Jacob  [du-sha'],  chaplain  of  the  first 
continental  congress,  VI.  287.  His  lapse,  2  b. 
See  Adams,  Samuel,  I.  109,  1  b. 

Duchesne,  AndiA  [du-sliain],  French  historian, 
VI.  287.  Frangois,  2  c. 

Duchesne ,  Pore:  see  Hebert,  Jacques  Ren6. 

Duchesne  de  Gisors,  Jean  Baptiste  Joseph 
[du.h  zhe-zor],  French  painter,  VI.  287. 

Ducis,  Jean  Frangois  [dti-se],  poet,  VI.  288. 

Duck,  VI.  288.  River  ducks,  1  b.  Pin-tailed 
duck,  1  c  (ill.) ;  mallard,  2  be  (ill.) ;  shovel¬ 
ler  .or  spoon-bill,  289,  1  b ;  Muscovy,  1  c. 
Sea  ducks,  2  a.  Scaup  duck,  2  ab  (ill.,  288) ; 
ring-necked,  2  b ;  red-head,  290, 1  a;  golden¬ 
eyed,  1  b ;  buffel-headed,  1  c  (ill.,  289) ;  har¬ 
lequin,  2  a  (ill.,  289)  ;  long-tailed  or  old  wife, 
2  b  (ill.,  289) ;  pied,  2  c  (ill.,  291) ;  velvet, 
291,  1  a;  surf,  1  c  (ill.);  scoter,  ib.  Spiny- 
tailed  ducks,  2  a.  Ruddy  duck,  2  b  (ilk). 
The  domestic  duck,  2  be.  See  Canvas-back, 
Gadwall,  Merganser,  Sheldrake,  Teal, 
Widgeon,  and  Wood  Duck. 

Duck  Hawk:  see  Falcon,  VII.  68,  1  a. 

DucJcinfield:  see  Dukinfield. 

Ducking  stool ,  instrument  of  punishment,  V. 
556,  2  ab. 

Duclos,  Charles  Pineau  [dii-klo],  French  au¬ 
thor,  VI.  292. 

Ducornet,  Louis  C6sar  Joseph  [du-kor-na], 
French  artist  without  arms,  VI.  272. 

Du  Couret  [dii  koo-ra] :  see  Abd-el-Hamid. 

Ducrot,  Auguste  Alexandre  [du-kro],  French 
general,  VI.  292. 

Ductility,  of  metals,  VI.  292. 

Ducts ,  in  plants,  XIII.  579,  1  a. 

Ductus  cochlearis  [kok-le-a'-ris],  of  the  ear, 
XV.  185,  1  b. 

Ductus  commu'nis  choledochus  [ko-led'-o-kus] : 
see  Biliary  Ducts,  II.  636,  2  c. 

Duddon,  river  of  England,  VI.  292. 

Du  Deffand,  Madame :  see  Deffand. 

Dudevant,  Amantine  Lucille  Aurore  Dupin 
[dud-vang],  (George  Sand),  French  novelist, 
VI,.  292.  See  Chopin,  IV.  516,  2  a ;  Musset, 
Alfred  de,  XII.  104,  2  a.  (Died  1876.) 


Dudlei'an  lecture ,  at  Harvard  college,  VI.  295, 
1  be. 

Dudley,  town  of  England,  VI.  293. 

Dudley,  English  historical  family,  VI.  294. 
John,  earl  of  Warwick  and  duke  of  Northum¬ 
berland,  1  a,  439,  1  a;  VIII.  253,  T  b,  if. 
Lord  Guilford  Dudley,  VI.  294,  1  b ;  VIII. 
253,  1  b,  2  ab.  Robert,  earl  of  Leicester,  VI. 
294, 1  b.  Sir  Robert,  self-styled  earl  of  AYar- 
wick,  2  b. 

Dudley,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
VI.  295.  Joseph,  governor,  1  a.  Paul,  chief 
justice,  1  b. 

Dudley,  Benjamin  Winslow,  American  sur¬ 
geon,  VI.  295. 

Dudley,  Charles  Edward,  American  senator, 
VI.  295.  His  wife  (Blandina),  2  b ;  I.  247, 1  a. 
Dudley  observatory ,  Albany,  I.  247,  1  a ;  XVI. 
113,  2  be. 

Dudswell ,  county  seat,  XVI.  697,  1  a. 
Dudweiler  [doot'-vi-ler],  town  of  Prussia,  VI. 
295. 

Duel,  VI.  295.  Judicial  ordeal,  2  b.  Duelling 
in  France,  296,  1  a;  female  duels,  2  a;  in 
other  continental  countries,  ib. ;  in  England, 
1  c ;  in  Ireland,  297,  1  be ;  in  America,  2  a. 
Sentiment  in  the  northern  states,  298,  1  a. 
Penalty  at  common  -law,  ib. ;  in  the  United 
States  service,  1  b.  Penalties  for  challen¬ 
ging,  IV.  233,  1  a.  Richelieu’s  ordinance 
against  duelling,  XIV.  317,  1  c. 

Duendes  [Sp.  dwain'-£Aace] :  see  Fairies,  VII. 
64,  1  a. 

Du'er,  John,  American  jurist,  VI.  298. 

Duero  [dwa'-ro],  river :  see  Douro. 

Dufaure,  Jules  Armand  Stanislas  [du-fore], 
French  statesman,  VI.  298. 

Du  Fay,  Charles  Frangois  de  Cisternay,  French 
savant,  VI.  298.  His  theory  of  two  electric 
fluids,  501,  1  a;  512,  1  a. 

Dufay ,  Guillaume ,  Flemish  composer,  XII. 
88,  2  be. 

Duff,  Alexander,  Scottish  missionary,  VI.  298. 
Dufferin,  Frederick  Temple  Hamilton  Black¬ 
wood,  earl  of,  English  statesman  and  author, 
VI.  299.  Governor  general  of  Canada,  1  c. 
Countess  of,  authoress,  ib.  Baroness  of : 
see  Gifford,  Helen  Selina. 

Duffy,  Sir  Charles  Gavan,  Irish  politician,  VI. 
299. 

Dufour,  Guillaume  Henri  [du-foor],  Swiss  gen¬ 
eral,  VI.  299.  (Died  1875.) 

Dufour,  IAon,  French  naturalist,  VI.  299. 
His  experiment  in  evaporation,  796,  2  b. 


276 


DUFR£NOY 


DUMONT 


Dufrenoy,  Pierre  Armand  [du-fra-nwa], 
French  geologist,  YI.  299.  Ilis  treatise  on 
minerals,  XI.  590,  1  c. 

Du  Fresne,  Charles  [dii  train] :  see  Du  Cange. 
Dufresnoy,  Charles  Alphonse  [du-fra-nwa], 
French  painter  and  poet,  YI.  300. 

Dufresny,  Charles  Riviere. [dti-fra-ne],  French 
dramatist,  YI.  300. 

Dugdale,  Sir  William,  antiquary,  YI.  300. 
Dugommier ,  Gen.  [dii-guh-mya],  (Jean  Fran¬ 
cois  Coquille,  killed  in  battle,  Nov.  17, 1794) : 
see  Bonaparte,  Napoleon,  III.  37,  2  c. 
Dugong',  cetacean,  YI.  300  (ill.,  301). 
Duguay-Trouin,  Ren6  [du  ga-troo-ang],  French 
admiral,  YI.  302. 

Du  Guesclin,  Bertrand  [dti  ga-klang],  constable 
of  France,  YI.  302. 

Duguetia  Quitarensis  (botany),  X.  138,  1  b. 

Du  Halde,  Jean  Baptiste  [dii  aid],  French 
geographer,  YI.  302. 

Duhamel,  Jean  Marie  Constant  [dii-a-mel], 
French  mathematician,  YI.  302. 

Duida  [dwe'-ZAa],  mountain  of  Venezuela,  YI. 
303. 

Duilian  column,  referred  to,  III.  756,  2  be. 
Duilius,  Caius  Nepos,  Roman  consul,  YI.  303. 
Duisburg  [doo'-is-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  YI. 

303.  * 

Dujardin,  Felix  [dti-zhar-dang],  French  natu¬ 
ralist,  YI.  303. 

Dujardin,  Karel,  Dutch  painter,  YI.  303. 
Duke,  title,  YI.  303.  Dukedom  in  England, 

304.  1  a.  Powers  of  dukes  in  feudal  times, 
VII.  160,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Duke  of  Athens,  sobriquet,  VII.  277,  2  ab. 
Dukes  County,  Massachusetts,  YI.  304. 
Dukhobortzi,  religious  sect,  XIY.  485;  1  be. 
Duk'infield,  town  of  England,  YI.  304. 
Dulaure,  Jacques  Antoine  [dii-lore],  French 
author  and  statesman,  YI.  304. 

Duloama'ra,  medicine,  YI.  304. 

Dulce  [dool'-sa],  lake  of  Guatemala,  YI.  304. 
Gulf  of  Costa  Rica,  2  c.  River  of  the  Ar¬ 
gentine  Republic,  ib. 

Dulce ,  liqueur,  XY.  224,  1  be. 

Dulcigno  [dool-che'-nyo],  town  of  Albania,  YI. 

305. 

Dulcignottes ,  pirates :  see  Dulcigno. 
Dulcimer,  musical  instrument,  YI.  305. 
Dulcite,  a  natural  sugar,  XY.  440,  2  a,  b. 
Dulcose :  see  Dulcite  (Index). 

Dulia ,  Catholic  worship  of  saints,  XI.  217,  2  a. 
Dulong,  Pierre  Louis  [du-ldng],  French  natural¬ 
ist,  YI.  305.  His  discoveries  in  chemistry, 


1  be.  His  discovery  of  chloride  of  nitrogen, 

VII.  38,  2  ab.  Formation  of  nitrous  anhy¬ 
dride  by  him,  XII.  467,  2  b.  Velocity  of 
cooling  ascertained  by  Dulong  and  Petit, 

VIII.  570,  2  be. 

Dulse  :  see  Algze,  I.  299,  2  c. 

Duluth  [du-looth'],  city  of  Minnesota,  YI.  305. 

Du  Luth,  Jean  [dti  lilt],  YI.  306,  1  be. 

Dulwich  [dul'-ich],  suburb  of  London,  YI.  306. 

Dumanoir,  Philippe  FranQois  Pinel  [dii-ma- 
nwar],  French  playwright,  YI.  306. 

Dumas,  Alexandre  Davy  [dii-ma],  French  gen¬ 
eral,  YI.  306.  Alexandre  Davy,  dramatist 
and  novelist,  2  be.  Alexandre,  novelist  and 
dramatist,  308,  1  a.  See  Anicet-Bourgeois, 
and  Maquet. 

Dumas,  Jean  Baptiste,  French  chemist  and 
politician,  YI.  308.  Investigations  in  chem¬ 
istry,  IY.  368,  2  b.  His  theory  of  substitu¬ 
tions,  ib.  His  theory  of  alcoholic  fermen¬ 
tation,  VII.  147,  1  ab.  Dumas  and  Peligot’s 
doctrine  of  alcohols,  I.  265,  2  b. 

Dumas,  Matthieu,  count,  French  soldier  and 
historian,  YI.  308.  Chretien  Leon,  count, 
soldier,  309,  1  a. 

Dumb  ague,  I.  209,  2  b. 

Dumb  biddings,  at  auction,  II.  103,  1  a. 

Dumb  spinet  (clavichord),  IV.  647,  2  c. 

Dumbarton,  burgh  of  Scotland,  YI.  309.  Dum¬ 
barton  castle,  1  b. 

Dumbartonshire,  county  of  Scotland,  YI.  309. 

Dumdum,  town  of  Bengal,  YI.  309. 

Dumeril,  Andr6  Marie  Constant  [dii-ma-reel], 
French  physician  and  naturalist,  YI.  309. 
Anatomical  theories  of,  XIII.  423, 1  be.  His 
classification  of  fishes,  IX.  160,  1  ab;  of  in¬ 
sects,  YI.  660,  2  b ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  692, 

2  c ;  by  Dumeril  and  Bibron,  694,  1  a.  His 
divisions  of  mankind,  YI.  754,  1  be. — Au¬ 
guste  Henri  Andr6,  physician  and  naturalist, 
YI.  309,  2  b. 

Dumfries  [dum-freece'],  burgh  of  Scotland,  YI. 
309. 

Dumfriesshire,  county  of  Scotland,  YI.  310. 

Dumichen,  Johannes  [du'-me-chen],  German 
Egyptologist,  YI.  310. 

Dummer,  Jeremiah,  American  scholar,  YI.  310. 

Dummer's  meadows,  Vermont,  III.  214,  2  b. 
Fort  Dummer,  ib. 

Dummo'dah  (or  Dammoodah),  river  of  Bengal 
(350  m.  long),  VIII.  804, 1  a,  b;  III.  446,  2  a. 

Dumont,  Pierre  Etienne  Louis  [du.-mong],  Swiss 
scholar,  YI.  310.  His  friendship  for  Ben- 
tham,  II.  535,  2  a-b;  536,  2  a-b,  c;  538,  2  a. 


DUMONT 


DUPIN 


277 


Dumont  d’Urville,  Jules  S6bastien  C6sar  [dur- 
veel],  French  navigator,  YI.  311. 

Dumouriez,  Charles  Francois  [dii-moor-ya], 
French  general,  YI.  311. 

Dumpsha ,  kind  of  melon,  XI.  373,  2  a. 

Duna,  river  of  Eussia,  YI.  311. 

Dunaburg,  town  of  Eussia,  YI.  312. 

Duna-Foldvar :  see  Foldvar. 

Dunawas ,  last  Ilimyarite  prince,  I.  621,  1  a. 

Dunbar',  town  of  Scotland,  YI.  312. 

Dunbar,  William,  Scottish  poet,  YI.  312. 

Dunbar ,  Gavin ,  archbishop  of  Glasgow,  IX. 
516,  1  c. 

Duncan ,  county  seat,  IY.  348,  1  c. 

Duncan,  king  of  Scotland  :  see  Macbeth,  and 
VI.  433,  2  ab. 

Duncan,  Adam,  viscount,  admiral,  YI.  312. 

Duncan,  Thomas,  Scottish  artist,  YI.  312. 

Duncker,  Karl  [doon'-ker],  German  publisher, 
VI.  313.  Maximilian  Wolfgang,  historian, 
1  a.  Franz  Gustav,  publisher,  1  b.  Her¬ 
mann,  politician,  ib. 

Dundalk  [dun-dawk'],  town  of  Ireland,  YI.  313. 

Dundas',  county  of  Canada,  YI.  313. 

Dundas,  Henry,  Viscount  Melville,  British 
statesman,  YI.  313.  Eobert,  second  Vis¬ 
count  Melville,  314,  1  a. 

Dundee',  town  of  Scotland,  YI.  314  (view). 

Dundee ,  Viscount:  see  Graham,  John. 

Dunder :  see  Eum,  XI Y.  465,  2  b. 

Dunderberg ,  hill  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Dun  diver ,  bird,  VIII.  104,  1  c. 

Dundon'ald,  Thomas  Cochrane,  earl  of,  British 
admiral,  YI.  314.  Thomas  Barnes  Cochrane, 
earlof,  315,  1  b. 

Dun'drum  Bay,  Ireland,  YI.  315. 

Dune ,  sand  hill,  XY.  680,  1  a. 

Dune'din,  city  of  New  Zealand,  YI.  315. 

Dunedin:  see  Edinburgh,  YI.  407,  2  be. 

Dunfermline  [dun-ferm'-lin],  town  of  Scot¬ 
land,  YI.  315.  Abbey,  2  a  (ill.). 

Dunflsh ,  IY.  795,  1  be. 

Dun  fly :  see  Mayfly,  XI.  302,  1  b. 

Dungan'non,  town  of  Ireland,  YI.  315. 

Dungarvan,  town  of  Ireland,  YI.  315. 

Dungenes ,  Asiatic  tribe,  IX.  771,  1  a. 

Dungeon ,  origin  of  the  name,  XIY.  6,  1  c. 

Dung'ing ,  in  calico  printing,  III.  597,  1  a. 

Dunglison,  Eobley,  American  physician,  YI. 
315. 

Dunkeld',  town  of  Scotland,  YI.  316. 

Dunkergue  [dung-kairk] :  see  Dunkirk,  France. 

Hunkers,  religious  sect,  YI.  316.  Seventh 
Day  Dunkers,  2  be. 


Dun'kirk,  town  of  France,  YI.  317. 

Dunkirk,  village  of  New  York,  YI.  317. 
Dunklin,  county,  YI.  317. 

Dunlap ,  county  seat,  XIY.  771,  2  c. 

Dunlap,  William,  American  painter,  YI.  317. 
Dun-le-Eoi  [diing-luh-rwa],  town  of  France, 
YI.  318. 

Dunlin ,  bird,  XIY:  599,  2  be. 

Dunmore ,  Lord  (John  Murray,  fourth  Earl 
Dunmore,  1732-1809),  governor  of  Virginia, 
XYI.  383, 1  c;  II.  694,  2  c;  YIH. 664,1  c,  ff. 
Dunn,  county,  VI.  318. 

Dunning,  John,  Lord  Ashburton,  English  law¬ 
yer,  YI.  318.  His  employment  of  Kenyon, 

IX.  806,  1  c. 

Dunnot'tar,  parish  of  Scotland,  YI.  318.  Cas¬ 
tle,  prison  of  the  Covenanters,  1  c. 

Dunois,  Jean,  comte  de  [dii-nwa],  French  sol¬ 
dier,  YI.  318.  Castle  of  the  counts  Dunois, 

IY.  334,  2  a  (Chateaudun). 

Duns ,  Irish  antiquities,  IX.  355,  1  a. 

Duns  Sootus,  John,  scholastic  theologian,  YI. 
318.  His  philosophy,  2  c;  XI.  811,  1  ab,  2  a; 
XIII.  440,  1  b.  His  views  on  the  immacu¬ 
late  conception,  IX.  195,  1  be. 

Dun'stable,  town  of  England,  YI.  319. 
Dunstable ,  patent:  see  Straw,  XY.  413,  2  a. 
Dunstan,  Saint,  English  prelate  and  statesman, 
YI.  319. 

Dunstek,  Henry,  first  president  of  Harvard 
college,  YI.  319. 

Dunton,  John,  English  bookseller  and  author, 
YI.  319. 

Duodecimal,  in  mathematics,  YI.  319. 
Duodecimo  (12mo),  form  of  book,  III.  75,  2  c. 
Duode'num :  see  Intestine,  IX.  323,  2  ab  ; 

Liver,  X.  538,  1  be.  Name,  VIII.  692,  1  b. 
Duomo  [dwo'-mo],  cathedral  of  Florence,  IY. 

118,  1  be;  VII.  275,  1  ab. 

Du  Page,  county,  YI.  319. 

Dupanloup,  Felix  Antoine  Philippe  [du-pang- 
loo],  French  prelate,  YI.  320.  His  views  on 
papal  infallibility,  1  c  ;  IX.  265,  2  b. 
Dupaty,  Charles  Marguerite  Jean  Baptiste 
Mercier  [dii-pa-te],  French  jurist,  YI.  320. 
Duperrey,  Louis  Isidor  [du-pair-ra],  French 
naval  officer,  YI.  320. 

Duperron,  Jacques  Davy  [du-pair-rong],  French 
prelate,  VI.  320. 

Du  Petit-Thouars,  Abel  Aubert  [dii  pte-too- 
ar],  French  naval  officer,  YI.  321. 

Dupin,  Andre  Marie  Jean  Jacques  [du-p&ng], 
Lawyer  and  politician,  YI.  321.  Pierre  Charles 
Francois,  baron,  economist,  2  b. 


278 


DUPLEIX 


DUTROCHET 


Dupleix,  Joseph  Francois,  marquis  [dii-pla], 
French  soldier  and  statesman,  VI.  322. 

Duplessis ,  ArmandJean  [dti-pla-se] :  see  Riche¬ 
lieu,  Cardinal,  XIV.  317.  Alphonse  Louis, 
318,  1  ab.  Louis  Francois  Armand,  marshal 
de  Richelieu,  1  c.  Armand  Emmanuel,  duke 
de  Richelieu,  ib. 

Duplessis-Mornay  :  see  Moenay. 

Du'plicists ,  German  sectarians,  VIII.  755,  1  a. 

Du'plin,  county,  VI.  322. 

Duponceau,  Peter  Stephen  [du-pon'-so],  Amer¬ 
ican  lawyer  and  scholar,  VI.  322. 

Dupont,  Jacques  Charles  [du-pons],  French 
politician,  VI.  322. 

Du  Pont',  Samuel  Francis,  American  naval 
officer,  VI.  323. 

Dupont  de  l’Ltang,  Pierre,  count  [du-pong 
dub  la-taDg],  French  general,  VI.  323. 

Dupont  de  VEure  [duh  lh.hr] :  see  Dupont, 
Jacques  Charles. 

Du  Pont  de  Nemouks,  Pierre  Samuel  [duh 
niih-moor],  economist  and  statesman,  VI.  323. 

Duport',  James,  English  scholar,  VI.  324. 

Dupplin  Moor ,  victory  of,  II.  244,  2  b. 

Dupkat,  Antoine  [dti-pra],  cardinal,  VI.  324. 

Duprez,  Gilbert  Louis  [dti-pra],  French  singer, 
VI.  325.  Caroline  Van  den  Ileuvel,  singer, 
1  ab.  Edouard,  librettist,  1  b. 

Dupuis,  Charles  Francois  [du-pwe],  French 
scholar  and  philosopher,  VI.  325. 

Dupuytren,  Guillaume  [dii-pwe-trang],  French 
surgeon,  VI.  325. 

Duquesne,  Abraham  [dii-kain],  French  naval 
officer,  VI.  325. 

Duquesne,  Fort :  see  Pittsburgh. 

Duram,  or  Durao,  Joze  de  Santa  Rita  [doo- 
rowng'],  Brazilian  poet,  VI.  326. 

Dura  mater ,  of  the  brain,  III.  187,  2  c. 

Du'ramen ,  heart  wood,  I.  259,  1  c. 

Durand ',  county  seat,  XIII.  278,  1  a. 

Durand,  Asher  Brown,  American  painter,  VI. 
326.  John,  author,  2  b. 

Durango  [doo-rang'-go],  state  of  Mexico,  VI. 

326.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Durante,  Francesco  [doo-ran'-ta],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  VI.  327. 

Durao :  see  Duram. 

Durazzo  [doo-rat'-so],  Albanian  town,  VI.  327. 

Durbin,  John  Price,  American  clergyman,  VI. 

327.  (Died  1876.) 

Du'een,  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  327. 

Durer,  Albrecht,  German  painter  and  en¬ 
graver,  VI.  327 ;  652,  1  b. 

Du'ress,  in  law,  VI.  328 ;  V.  290,  2  b ;  490, 1  be. 


Durfee,  Job,  American  author  and  jurist,  VI. 
329. 

D’Urfey,  Thomas  [dur'-fe],  English  poet,  VI. 
329. 

Durgd ,  Hindoo  goddess,  IX.  228,  2  ab. 

Durham,  county  of  England,  VI.  329.  City, 
2  b.  University,  2  c;  origin  of,  XVI.  211, 
1  a.  Cathedral,  VI.  329,  2  c  (ill.,  330). 

Durham,  John  George  Lambton,  earl  of,  Eng¬ 
lish  statesman,  VI.  330. 

Durham  cattle ,  IV.  130,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Du'rian ,  fruit,  VI.  331,  1  b  (Durio)  ;  III.  104, 
1  c ;  XI.  60,  1  b. 

Durieu ,  Gen.  [du-re-uh],  referred  to,  I.  307, 1  b. 

Duringsfeld,  Ida  von  [fon  dti'-rinks-felt],  Ger¬ 
man  authoress,  VI.  330.  (Died  1876.) 

Du'rio,  fruit  tree,  VI.  331.  * 

Durkheim  [diirk'-hime],  town  of  Bavaria,  VI. 
331. 

Durlacii  [door'-lakh],  town  of  Baden,  VI.  331. 

Durnomria :  see  Dorchester,  England. 

Duroc,  Gerard  Christophe  Michel  [dii-ruk], 
duke  of  Friuli,  French  general,  VI.  331. 

Durocas'ses:  see  Deeux,  VI.  263,  2  a. 

Durocornomum :  see  Cirencester,  IV.  612, 1  a. 

Durra  [door'-ra],  grain,  XII.  530,  1  a;  XV. 
170,  1  a. 

Durranis  [door-ra'-neez],  tribe  of  Afghanistan, 
I.  160,  2  a;  211,  2  ab. 

Durrovernum :  see  Canterbury,  III.  725,  2  a. 

Duruy,  Victor  [dti-rti-e],  French  historian,  VI. 
331. 

Durzi  [door'-ze] :  see  Druses,  VI.  272,  2  b. 

Dusares ,  Nabatheangod  of  war,  XII.  117,  2  a. 

Dussek,  John  Louis  [doos'-sek],  Bohemian 
composer  and  pianist,  VI.  331. 

Dus'seldorf,  city  of  Prussia,  VI.  332  (view). 

Dustin ,  Mrs.  Hannah ,  capture  by  Indians,  and 
escape,  VIII.  524,  2  a. 

Dutch  bulbs:  see  Hyacinth,  IX.  99,  2  a. 

Dutch  carrotee ,  kind  of  snuff,  XV.  783,  2  c. 

Dutch  Guiana :  see  Guiana. 

Dutch  Language  and  Literature  :  see  Neth¬ 
erlands,  Language  and  Literature  of  the. 

Dutch  liquid :  see  Chloric  Ether. 

Dutch  pink,  water  color,  XVI.  546,  2  a. 

Dutchess,  county,  VI.  332. 

Dutchman's  breeches ,  plant,  VI.  86,  2  c. 

Dutchman1  s  pipe,  vine,  XV.  130,  2  b. 

Duthe,  Mile,  [dii-ta],  a  mistress  of  Charles  X., 
IV.  288,  1  a. 

Du  ToiVs  Pan ,  African  settlement,  II.  777,  1  a. 

Dutrochet,  Rene  Joachim  Henri  [dti-truh- 
sha],  French  physiologist,  VI.  333- 


DUTTEEAH 


DZUNGARS 


279 


Dcttee'aii,  town  of  India,  YI.  333. 

Duttweiler :  see  Dudweiler. 

Duumtirs  [du-ura'-vers],  ancient  Roman  offi¬ 
cers,  YI.  333. 

Duva  [doo'-va],  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Duval  [du-vawl'],  two  counties,  YI.  333. 

Duval,  Yalentin  Jameray  [dii-val],  French 
scholar,  YI.  333. 

Duvergier  de  Hauranne,  Jean  [dti-vair-zlie-a 
duh  o-ran],  French  theologian,  YI.  334. 
Prosper,  politician  and  author,  1  b  (d.  1877). 

Duvernev  [du-vair-na],  contractor,  referred  to, 
II.  428,  1  c,  2  b. 

Duvernoy,  Georges  Louis  [du-vair-nwa],  French 
naturalist,  YI.  334. 

Duveyrier,  Honors  Nicolas  Marie,  baron  [dii- 
va-re-a],  French  jurist  and  politician,  YI. 
334.  Anne  Honore  Joseph,  author,  2  b. 
Charles,  writer,  ib.  Henri,  explorer,  2  be. 

Duxbury,  town  of  Massachusetts,  YI.  334. 

Duyckinck,  Evert  Augustus  [dl'-kink],  Ameri¬ 
can  author,  YI.  335.  George  Long,  1  b. 

Duyse,  Prudens  van  [van  doi'-z&h],  Flemish 
poet,  YI.  335. 

Dvergar  [dvair'-gar],  Scandinavian  fairies,  YII. 
64,  1  c. 

Dvina  [dve'-na] :  see  Dwina. 

Dvinaburg  [dve'-na-boorg] :  see  Dunaburg. 

Dwaraca  [dwa-ra'-ka],  town  of  Hindostan, 
YI.  335. 

Dwarf,  YI.  335.  Artificial  dwarfs,  1  a.  Dwarfs 
of  Africa,  1  ab  ;  XIY.  103,  1  c.  Celebrated 
dwarfs,  YI.  335,  1  b,  ff.  Mythical  dwarfs, 
YII.  64,  2  b  (Fairies). 

Dicarka :  see  Dwaraca. 

Dwight,  Edmund,  American  merchant,  YI. 
336. 

Dwight,  John  Sullivan,  American  author  and 
critic,  YI.  336. 

Dwight,  Timothy,  divine  and  scholar,  YI.  336. 
Sereno  Edwards,  clergyman,  337,  1  c.  Wil¬ 
liam  Theodore,  lawyer  and  clergyman,  2  b. 
Theodore,  lawyer,  author,  and  journalist, 
Si  be.  Theodore  (2d),  author,  338,  1  a. 


Dwina,  Northern  [dve'-na],  river  of  Russia, 
YI.  338.  Southern :  see  Duna. 

Dy'aks  :  see  Borneo,  III.  104,  2  c.  Land 
and  Sea  Dyaks,  105,  1  a.  See  Brooke,  Sir 
James,  317,  1  a-b.  Language,  XI.  57,  2  a. 
Dyce,  Alexander,  British  scholar,  YI.  338. 
William,  painter,  2  a. 

Dyeing,  YI.  338.  History,  2  c.  Art  of  dyeing, 
339,  2  a.  Methods  of  fixing  a  dye,  2  c. 
Mordants,  340,  1  a.  Dyeing  wool,  341,  1  a 
and  c ;  silk,  342,  2  b  ;  cotton  and  linen,  343, 

1  c.  Use  of  lichens  in  dyeing,  X.  411,  1  b. 
Dyer,  county,  YI.  343. 

Dyer,  George,  English  author,  YI.  343. 

Dyer,  John,  English  poet,  YI.  343. 

Dyer,  Mary,  Quaker  martyr,  YI.  344. 
Dyersburg ,  county  seat,  YI.  343,  2  c. 

Dyers'  mignonette ,  rocket ,  or  iceed  :  see  Weld. 
Dyers' weed  :  see  Woodwaxen. 

Dyestone ,  iron  ore,  XY.  643,  1  c. 

Dymond,  Jonathan,  English  author,  YI.  344. 
Dynamical  electricity:  see  Galvanism,  YII. 
586,  1  a. 

Dynamics  :  see  Mechanics.  Defined,  XI.  315, 

2  c. 

Dy'namite  :  see  Explosives,  YII.  37,  1  c ;  II. 
699,  2  b. 

Dynamom'eter,  for  measuring  power,  Yl.  344. 
Dyrrhachium  [dur-ra'-ke-um],  city  of  ancient 
Illyricum,  YI.  344. 

Dysart  [dl'-zart],  town  of  Scotland,  YI.  345. 
Dys'entery,  disease,  YI.  345.  Treatment,  2  a. 
Dysodiachrysanthemoides{  botany),  XI.  167, 1  b. 
Dyson ,  Jeremiah ,  Akenside’s  patron,  I.  226, 1  b. 
Dyspepsia,  YI.  345.  Treatment,  346,  1  a. 
Dyspnoea  [disp-ne'-a],  in  bronchitis,  III.  312, 1  a. 
Dys’porus  (ornithology),  III.  73,  1  a. 
Dyssem’ites ,  branch  of  the  Semites,  YI.  759, 
2  a ;  XIY.  760,  2  a. 

Dziggetai  [dzig-geh-t!'] :  see  Ass. 

Dzungaria  [dzoon-ga'-re-a] :  see  Turkistan, 
XYI.  67,  1  ab;  III.  623,  1  c. 

Dzungars,  or  Dzungaris ,  Mongol  race,  III.  623, 
1  c ;  II.  241,  2  c. 


280 


E 


EASTER 


E 


E,  letter,  VI.  346.  The  basis  of  the  vowel 
system,  1  c.  Its  use  in  abbreviations,  2  c ; 
in  syllogisms,  347,  1  a;  on  coins,  ib. ;  as  a 
numeral  and  a  musical  sign,  ib. 

E'a ,  Accadian  goddess,  XII.  117,  1  a. 
Eaciiard,  John  [etch'-ard],  English  divine,  VI. 
347. 

Eadmer  [ed'-mer],  monk  and  historian,  VI.  347. 
Eads ,  Capt.  James  B .,  designer  of  the  St.  Louis 
bridge,  III.  276,  lb.  His  caissons,  557,  1  a. 
His  revolving  battery,  IX.  387,  1  c  (ill.). 
Eagle,  bird  of  prey,  VI.  347.  Golden  eagle, 

1  c  (ill.)  ;  spotted,  348,  1  c ;  bald,  ib.  (ill.) ; 
bird  of  Washington,  349,  1  b;  cinereous  sea 
eagle,  2  a  (ill.) ;  northern  do.,  2  c ;  black- 
tufted,  350,  1  a ;  reptile,  1  b  (ill.);  Brazilian, 

2  a  (ilk).  The  eagle  in  mythology,  ib. ;  on 
national  standards,  1  b.  Double-headed,  in 
heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  c. 

Eagle,  coin,  VI.  350. 

Eagle  of  Meaux :  see  Bossttet,  III.  115,  2  ab. 
Eagle  Pass ,  county  seat,  XI.  295,  1  b. 

Eagle  ray ,  fish,  XIV.  223,  1  a. 

Eagle  River,  county  seat,  IX.  816,  1  b. 

Eagle  Wood,  VI.  351.  Referred  to,  I.  347, 
1  be ;  III.  564,  1  ab. 

Ealdor  [el'-dor],  Saxon  title  of  honor,  1. 268,  2  b. 
Ealdorman,  Saxon  title  of  honor,  I.  268,  2  b ; 
499,  2  b;  VI.  352,  2  c. 

Ear,  VI.  351.  Parts  of  the,  1  be  (ilk)-  Causes 
of  deafness,  352, 1  b.  Cultivation  of  the  sense 
of  hearing,  1  be.  Form  of  the  external  ear, 
1  c.  See  Harmony,  VIII.  467,  2  a ;  Sound, 
XV.  174,  1  c,  185,  1  b. 

Earing,  in  a  ship’s  cordage,  XIV.  866,  1  a. 
Earl,  title  of  nobility,  VI.  352.  Former  juris¬ 
diction  of  earls,  353,  1  a ;  XIV.  848,  2  c. 
Present  rank,  style,  and  insignia,  VI.  353, 
1  c.  Earl  marshal,  2  a ;  VIII.  674,  1  c. 
Earle,  Pliny,  American  inventor,  VI.  353. 
Pliny,  physician,  2  b.  Thomas,  writer  on 
law,  2  c. 

Earl  Marshal  :  see  Earl,  VI.  353,  2  a. 
Early,  county,  VI.  354. 

Early,  Jubal  A.,  confederate  general,  VI.  354. 
Earnest,  giving  by  way  of,  VII.  447,  1  be. 

Earnest  money,  1  c. 

Ear  Shell,  VI.  354 ;  XI.  723,  1  b. 

Earth,  VI.  354.  Its  figure,  2  c.  Earth-meas¬ 
uring  expeditions  of  1735— ’45,  355, 1  c.  Equa¬ 


torial  and  polar  diameters,  356,  1  a.  Den¬ 
sity,  356,  1  c ;  Michell’s  torsion  balance  for 
determining  it,  357,  2  c  (ill.).  Motions,  358, 
2  a;  Foucault’s  experiment  with  the  gyro¬ 
scope,  2  be ;  with  the  pendulum,  2  c ;  other 
proofs  of  its  rotary  motion,  359,  1  ab. — Age 
of  the  earth,  I.  180,  2  a.  Axis  of  its  nuta¬ 
tion  discovered,  III.  181,  1  c.  Its  figure: 
see  Coast  Survey,  IV.  762,  2  b.  Its  elasti¬ 
city,  VI.  489,  2  c.  Its  atmosphere,  XIII. 
629,  1  b.  Its  attraction,  1  c. 

Earthen  Mound,  near  Edinburgh,  VI.  405,  2  a. 

Earthenware  :  see  Pottery  and  Porcelain. 

Earthquake,  VI.  359.  Memorable  earth¬ 
quakes,  360,  1  c ;  in  Italy  and  Sicily,  ib.  ; 
of  Viege,  2  be ;  in  Portugal,  2  c ;  in  Syria, 
361,  1  be ;  in  India,  1  c ;  in  the  United 
States,  2  ab ;  in  the  West  Indies,  362,  1  c; 
in  San  Salvador,  ib. ;  in  South  America,  2  a; 
in  the  Hawaiian  islands,  363,  1  a.  Registra¬ 
tion  of  earthquakes,  1  c.  Connection  with 
volcanoes,  364,  1  be ;  with  the  atmosphere, 
2  ab.  Geographical  distribution,  2  c.  Con¬ 
sequent  physical  changes,  365,  2  be.  Earth¬ 
quake  waves,  366,  1  a.  Nature  of  the 
shock,  1  c,  ff.  Origin  of  earthquakes,  368, 
1  c,  ff.  Earthquake-proof  buildings,  370, 
1  a.  Effect  of  earthquakes  on  tides,  XV. 
744,  1  be. 

Earth  star,  fungus,  VII.  533,  2  a  (ill.). 

Earths,  in  chemistry,  VI.  370.  Earths  pro¬ 
per,  so-styled,  1  ab.  Alkaline  earths,  ib. ; 
I.  322,  1  b. 

Earth  Worm,  VI.  370  (ill.). 

Ear  Trumpet,  VI.  371.  Auricle,  372,  1  ab; 
tympanum,  ib. 

Earwig,  insect,  VI.  371  (ill.). 

Easdale,  island  of  Scotland,  VI.  372. 

Easement,  in  law,  VI.  372. 

East,  quarter  of  the  heavens,  VI.  373. 

East  Baton  Rouge,  parish  of  Louisiana,  VI.  373. 

East  Birmingham,  Pa. :  see  Birmingham. 

East  Bridgewater,  Mass. :  see  Bridgewater. 

Eastburn,  James  Wallis,  American  author, 
VI.  373.  Manton,  bishop,  2  a. 

East  End,  London,  X.  618,  2  b. 

Easter,  VI.  373.  Controversy  respecting  the 
time  of  celebration,  2  c;  decision,  374,  1  c; 
date,  ib.,  and  III.  579,  2  ab.  Celebration 
of  it,  VI.  374,  2  a. 


EASTER 


ECCHELLENSIS 


281 


Easter  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  VI.  374.  Gi¬ 
gantic  statues,  375,  1  a. 

Easterlings ,  traders,  XIII.  794,  2  b. 

Eastern  church :  see  Greek  Ciiurcii. 

Eastern  Empire  :  see  Byzantine  Empire. 
Eastern  Siberia,  province,  IX.  740,  2  b. 

East  Feliciana,  parish  of  Louisiana,  VI.  375. 
East  Greenwich ,  county  seat,  IX.  793,  2  a. 
East  India  Companies,  VI.  375.  Dutch,  1  c. 
French,  2  c.  Danish,  ib.  English,  376,  la; 
IX.  209,  2  be;  factories,  VI.  376,  1  c. 
United  company  of  merchants  trading  to  the 
East  Indies,  377,  1  a.  Indian  revolt  of  1857 
-8  and  the  legislation  following  it,  378,  1  c. 
East  India  gum ,  VIII.  320,  2  b. 

East  India  marine  society :  see  Salem,  XIV. 
562,  1  c. 

East  Indian  museum ,  London,  X.  605,  2  b. 
East  Indies,  VI.  378. 

Eastlake,  Sir  Charles  Locke,  English  painter, 
VI.  378.  Lady  Eastlake,  379,  1  a. 
Eastland,  county,  VI.  379. 

East  Liverpool,  village  of  Ohio,  VI.  379. 

East  Lothian :  see  Haddingtonshire. 
Eastman,  county  seat,  VI.  174,  2  b. 

Eastman,  Charles  Gamage,  American  poet, 
VI.  379. 

Eastman,  Mary  Henderson,  authoress,  VI.  379. 
Eastman,  Capt.  Seth,  VI.  379,  1  c. 

East  New  York,  village,  VI.  379. 

Easton,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  VI.  379. 
Easton,  county  seat,  XV.  554,  2  b. 

Eastport,  town  of  Maine,  VI.  380. 

East  River,  strait  of  New  York,  VI.  380. 

East  River  Bridge  :  see  Bridge,  III.  274,  1  c 
(ill.,  275) ;  Brooklyn,  III.  321,  1  a.  Caisson 
of,  557,  1  c  (ill.). 

East  Saginaw,  city  of  Michigan,  VI.  380. 

East  Thomaston,  town,  XIV.  370,  1  ab. 
Eastville,  county  seat,  XII.  487,  1  a. 

Eaton,  county,  VI.  381. 

Eaton,  county  seat,  XIII.  806,  2  a. 

Eaton,  Amos,  American  physicist,  VI.  381. 
Eaton,  George  W.,  American  clergyman  and 
educator,  VI.  381. 

Eaton,  William,  American  general,  VI.  381 ; 

II.  338,  2  b  ;  X.  268,  2  b. 

Eatonton,  county  seat,  XIV.  99,  2  b. 

Eatj  Claire  [o  klair],  county,  VI.  382. 

Eau  Claire,  county  seat,  VI.  382,  1  c. 

Eau  d'ange  [o  dangzh],  fragrant  distilled  water, 
XII.  112,  2  c. 

Eau  de  Cologne  [dhh  ko-lone'],  Cologne  water, 
VI.  382.  Process  of  preparing  it,  2  b. 


Eau  de  creole  [o  dhh  kra-ul],  aromatic  liquor, 

XI.  84,  1  b. 

Eau  de  Luce,  a  liquid  soap,  VI.  382. 

Eau  medicinale  I'Eusson  [6  ma-de-se-nal  dii- 
soDg],  medicine,  V.  43,  2  c. 

Eau  de  mille  fleurs  [6  duh  meel  fliir],  perfume, 
XIII.  289,  1  b ;  290,  1  a. 

Eau  de  naphre  [6  duh  nafr1],  aromatic  water, 

XII.  663,  2  b. 

Ebal  and  Gerizim  [gher'-e-zim],  two  moun¬ 
tains  of  Palestine,  VI.  382. 

Ebb  stream:  see  Tides,  XV.  747,  2  a. 
Ebeling,  Christoph  Daniel  [a'-beh-ling],  Ger¬ 
man  scholar,  VI.  383. 

Ebelmen ,  M.  [a-bel-mang],  (Jacques  Joseph, 
French  chemist,  1814-’52),  his  experiments 
in  making  artificial  gems,  VII.  665,  1  b. 
Ebena’cece  (botany),  V.  699,  2  c. 

Ebene'zer,  a  place  and  a  monument,  VI.  383. 
E’bensburg ,  county  seat,  III.  641,  2  a. 
Eberhard,  Johann  August  [a'-ber-hart],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  VI.  383. 

Eberhard,  Konrad,  German  artist,  VI.  383. 
Eberhard  im  Bart,  first  duke  of  Wtirtemberg, 
VI.  383. 

Ebernburg  [a'-bern-boorg],  ruins  of  the  castle 
of,  V.  479,  1  c. 

Ebers,  Georg  Moritz  [a'-berce],  German  Egyp¬ 
tologist,  VI.  383. 

E'bionites,  in  the  early  church,  VI.  383  ;  XV. 
869,  2  c. 

Eblis,  Mohammedan  fallen  angel,  XI.  697,  2  c. 
Ebn  :  see  Ben. 

Eboe  tree  [e-bo'-e],  XV.  796,  2  a. 

Eboli,  Anna  de  Mendoza,  princess  of  [a'-bo-le], 
Spanish  lady,  VI.  384. 

Eb’onite,  hard  rubber,  III.  737,  1  c;  740,  1  a. 
Ebony,  tree,  VI.  384.  See  Date  Plum. 

Ebony  of  the  Alps,  tree,  X.  75,  1  a. 

Ebora'cum ,  ancient  town:  see  York,  England. 
Ebro  [a'-bro],  river  of  Spain,  VI.  384. 
Ebrodu'num:  see  Yverdun. 

Eburodu’num :  see  Embrun. 

Ecarte  [a-kar-ta],  game  of  cards,  VI.  384. 
Ecba'lium  agres'te  (botany),  V.  559,  1  a. 
Ecbat'ana,  capital  of  ancient  Media,  VI.  385. 
Ec'ce  Ho'mo,  portrait  of  Christ,  IV.  523,  1  c. 

Life  of  Christ,  XIV.  752,  2  ab. 

Eccelino  [et-cha-le'-no] :  see  Ezzelino. 
Eccentric,  of  a  steam  engine,  XV.  341,  2  be. 
Eccentric  cutter ,  in  turning,  XVI.  74,  1  c. 
Eccentric  mill,  II.  780,  2  a. 

Ecchellensis,  Abraham  [ek-kel-len'-sis],  Syr¬ 
ian  scholar,  VI.  385. 


282 


ECCHYMOSIS 


EDGAR 


Ecchymo'sis,  extravasation  of  blood  into  the 
cellular  membrane,  XI.  339,  1  c,  if. 

Eocle'sia,  YI.  385.  In  Athens,  2  a;  II.  55, 
2  b.  In  later  Greek  and  Latin,  YI.  386, 1  ab. 

Ecclesias'tes,  book  of  the  Bible,  YI.  386. 

Ecclesiastical  reservation,  in  the  peace  of  Augs¬ 
burg,  XY.  709,  1  a.  Of  land  in  Canada,  III. 
679,  1  a. 

Ecclesiasticus,  apocryphal  book  of  the  Old 
Testament,  YI.  386. 

Eccloo  [ek'-klo] :  see  Eecloo. 

Echellensis :  see  Ecciiellensis. 

Echeneis  [ek-e-ne'-is] :  see  Sucking  Fisn. 

Eoheverria,  Esteban  [a-cha-vair'-re-a],  Span¬ 
ish  poet,  YI.  386. 

Echeverria ,  Dr.  (of  New  York),  his  investiga¬ 
tions  of  epileptic  insanity,  IX.  306,  1  a. 

Echidna  [e-kid'-na] :  see  Porcupine  Ant- 
eater,  and  Monotremata. 

Echinades  [e-ki'-na-deez],  Greek  islands,  YI. 
386. 

Echinococcus  (entozoa),  I.  61,  1  c.  E.  liominis, 
YI.  666,  1  a. 

Echinoder' mata :  see  Eciiinoderms. 

Eciii'noderms,  radiated  animals,  YI.  386. 

Echinoids  [ek'-e-noidz] :  see  Echinus. 

Echinorhyn'chus  (entozoa),  YI.  668,  1  a. 

Echi'nus,  genus  of  echinoderms,  YI.  387.  Sea 
urchins,  1  b  (ills.). 

Echinus ,  in  architecture,  I.  656,  1  c. 

EchineVla  flabella'ta,  diatom  (ill.),  YI.  84,  1  b. 

Echo,  reflected  sound,  YI.  388. 

Echo,  in  mythology,  YI.  388. 

Echols  [ek'-ulz],  county,  YI.  390. 

Ecija  [a'-the-kha],  city  of  Spain,  YI.  390. 

Eciton  [a-the-tone'],  foraging  ant,  XII.  423,  2  c. 

Eck,  Johann  Mayr  von,  German  theologian, 
YI.  390. 

Eck'ermann,  Johann  Peter,  author,  YI.  390. 

Eokersberg,  Christoph  Wilhelm  [ek'-erce- 
bairg],  Danish  painter,  YI.  390. 

Eckford,  Henry,  American  shipbuilder,  YI.  390. 

Eckhart,  Meister,  father  of  German  mysti¬ 
cism,  YI.  391. 

Eckhout  [ek'-howt] :  see  Eeckiiout. 

Eckius :  see  Eck. 

Eokmuhl,  village  of  Bavaria,  and  battle  of,  YI. 

391.  Prince  of,  1  c,  and  Y.  718,  1  c. 

Eckstein,  Ferdinand,  baron  d’  [dek-stang], 
French  publicist,  YI.  391. 

Eclectic  medicine ,  XI.  352,  1  a. 

Eclectic  school  of  education ,  YI.  414,  1  a. 

Eclectic  school  of  philosophy ,  YI.  391  ;  XII. 
225,  1  a. 


Eclecticism ,  Cousin’s  philosophy,  Y.  435,  1  c, 
2  a;  436,  1  ab;  YI.  391,  2  c. 

Eclectics,  ancient  philosophers,  YI.  391. 
Eclectics ,  school  of  painting,  Y.  768,  1  b. 
Eclipse,  YI.  391.  Occultation,  2  c.  Transit, 

392,  1  a.  Solar  eclipse,  1  ab ;  XY.  473, 1  a. 
Lunar,  YI.  392,  1  b. 

Ecliptic,  in  astronomy,  YI.  392. 

Economy, village  of  Pennsylvania,  XI Y.  208, 1  b. 
ficore  d  Fabre  [a-kore  a  fabr’],  hunters’  ren¬ 
dezvous  in  Arkansas,  III.  648,  1  a. 
flcouen  [a-kwang],  (near  Paris),  school  at,  found¬ 
ed  by  Napoleon  I.,  III.  660,  1  c.  Edict  of, 
YIII.  654,  1  ab. 

Ecstasy,  disease,  IY.  97,  1  b.' 

Ectopis'tes  migrate' ria  (ornithology),  XIII.  149, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Ecuador  [ek-wa-dor' ;  Sp.  a-kwa-^ore'],  a 
South  American  republic,  YI.  392.  Map, 

393.  Coast,  392,  2  c.  Surface,  394,  1  ab. 
Rivers,  2  b.  Geology,  395,  1  b.  Climate, 

1  c.  Productions,  2  be.  Animals,  396,  1  a. 
Industries,  1  b.  Commerce,  1  c.  Roads, 

2  b.  Divisions  and  population,  2  c.  In¬ 
dians,  397,  1  ab.  Government,  2  b.  Educa¬ 
tion,  398,  1  b.  History,  1  c. 

Ecze'ma  epizoot'ica,  cattle  disease,  XII.  58,  1  c. 
Edda,  in  Scandivanian  literature,  YI.  399. 
The  elder,  Edda  of  Ssemund,  1  b.  The 
younger,  prose  Edda,  2  be. 

Eddystone  lighthouse ,  YI.  400,  1  be  (ill.)  ;  X. 
459,  1  b  (ill.). 

Eddystone  Rocks,  English  channel,  YI.  400. 

Lighthouse,  1  c  (ill.). 

Eddyville,  county  seat,  X.  755,  1  a. 

Edee'yahs,  aborigines  of  Fernando  Po,  YII. 
148,  2  c. 

Edla,  countess  of  (Eliza  Hensler),  YII.  139, 
1  b. 

EdeTberga :  see  Heidelberg. 

Ed'elred :  see  Etiielred  I. 

Eden,  of  Scripture,  YI.  400. 

Eden,  county  seat,  III.  371,  1  a. 

Edenta'ta  (zoology),  YI.  400.  Groups  of,  401, 

1  a,  if. 

Edenton,  county  seat,  IY.  522,  2  b. 

Edessa,  ancient  city  of  Mesopotamia,  YI.  401. 
Castle  of  (ill.),  402.  School  of,  XY.  548, 

2  ab. — Ancient  capital  of  Macedonia,  YI. 
402,  1  b. 

Edfoo',  city  of  Upper  Egypt,  YI.  402.  Ruino 
of  temples,  2  b  (ill.). 

Edgar,  county,  YI.  403. 

Edgar,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  YI.  403. 


EDGAR 


EDWARDS 


2S3 


Edgar  Atii'eling,  Anglo-Saxon  prince,  VI. 
403. 

Edgard,  county  seat,  XIV.  538,  1  a. 

Edgarton ,  Sarah  G. :  see  Mayo,  XI.  304,  2  a. 

Edgartown,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VI.  403. 

Edgecombe  [ej'-kum],  county,  VI.  404. 

Edgefield,  county,  VI.  404. 

Edgefield  G.  H '.,  county  seat,  VI.  404,  1  be. 

Edge'hill,  ridge  in  England,  VI.  404.  Battle 
of,  1  be;  IV.  280,  2  be. 

Edgeworth,  Richard  Lovell,  British  inventor 
and  author,  VI.  404.  Maria,  authoress,  2  b. 

Edgeworth  de  Firmont,  Henry  Allen,  abb6 
[duh  feer-mong],  confessor  of  Louis  XVI., 
VI.  404. 

Edge  rails ,  XIV.  170,  2  b;  XVI.  592,  1  b. 

Edgeware  road ,  London,  X.  596,  1  a. 

Edicta  preetorum,  in  Roman  law,  IV.  618,  2  ab. 

Edict  of  restitution :  see  Thirty  Years’  War, 
XV.  710,  2  a.  Repeal  of,  XVI.  436,  1  b. 

Edictum  perpetuum,  of  Hadrian,  XIII.  800, 1  c ; 
IV.  621,  1  b. 

Edi'na ,  county  seat,  X.  33,  1  a. 

Edinburgh  [Scot,  ed'-in-bur-ruh  or  ed'-in- 
bruh],  city  of  Scotland,  VI.  405.  Old  town, 
lb.  Hew  town,  2  a.  Edinburgh  castle, 
406,  1  a  (ill.,  405).  Holyrood  palace,  1  b ; 
abbey,  ruins  of,  ib.  Scott  monument,  1  c 
(ill.),  &c.  Charitable  institutions,  2  c ;  edu¬ 
cational,  407,  1  a.  Courts,  1  c.  Intercom¬ 
munication,  2  a.  Government,  2  b.  His¬ 
tory,  ib.  Porteous  mob,  408,  1  a.  Old  Tol- 
booth,  ib.  Origin  of  name,  XIV.  704,  1  be. 

Edinburgh ,  county  seat,  VIII.  717,  2  a. 

Edinburgh  Magazine  (Blackwood’s),  II.  686, 1  a. 

Edinburghshire,  county  of  Scotland,  VI.  408. 

Edison ,  Thomas  A.  His  phonograph,  XIII. 
458, 1  c ;  improvements  in  it,  459,*  1  a,  c,  2  a ; 
other  inventions,  b.  Telephone,  XV.  622, 1  a. 

Ed'isto,  river,  VI.  408. 

Ed'itha ,  wife  of  Edward  III.,  VI.  433,  1  b. 

Edmonds,  John  Worth,  VI.  408.  (Died  1874.) 

Edmondson,  county,  VI.  408. 

Edmonton ,  county  seat,  XI.  428,  1  b. 

Edmund  I.,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  408. 

Edmund  II.,  Ironside,  king,  VI.  408. 

Edmunds,  county,  VI.  409. 

Edmundston ,  county  seat,  X.  815,  1  b. 

Edom,  ancient  region  of  Asia,  VI.  409.  His¬ 
tory,  1  c.  Edomites,  2  a.  Nabatheans,  2  c. 
Government  and  religion,  410,  2  ab. 

Edred,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  410 ;  II. 
117,  2  c. 

Edrisi  [ed-re'-ze],  Arabian  geographer,  VI.  410. 


Education,  VI.  410.  In  the  earliest  ages,  411, 
1  a.  Hebrew  education,  1  be ;  Persian,  2  a ; 
Grecian,  2  ab ;  Roman,  2  c ;  early  Christian, 
412,  1  ab;  in  Irish  monasteries,  1  c;  under 
Charlemagne,  ib. ;  under  King  Alfred,  2  a; 
among  the  Arabs,  2  b.  Era  of  schoolmen 
and  universities,  2  c ;  of  the  revival  of  learn¬ 
ing,  413,  1  a;  of  the  reformation,  1  c.  Theo¬ 
ries  of  education  in  the  17th  and  18th  centu¬ 
ries,  2  be.  Discussion  of  in  Germany,  414, 

1  ab.  Public  elementary  schools  in  Europe, 

2  a.  Felt  necessity  of  in  civilized  countries, 
2  c.  Plan  of  public  instruction  in  Prussia, 
415,  2  be,  417,  2  be;  in  Austria,  1  c ;  in 
France,  418,  1  b;  in  England,  419,  1  ab;  in 
Sweden,  420,  1  b;  in  Norway,  421,  1  a;  in 
Denmark,  422,  1  a;  in  the  Netherlands,  1  c; 
in  Switzerland,  423,  1  b ;  in  Italy,  1  c ;  in 
China,  2  ab;  in  Japan,  2  b;  in  the  United 
States,  424,  1  b.  Private  schools,  426,  1  ab ; 
educational  institutions,  427,  2  b;  percent¬ 
age  of  illiteracy,  428,  1  a.  Professional  edu¬ 
cation  in  different  countries,  1  c.  Technical 
or  utilitarian  education,  II.  631,  2  a. 

Edward  I.,  the  Elder,  Saxon  king,  VI.  432. 

Edward  II.,  the  Martyr,  Saxon  king,  VI.  432. 

Edward  III.,  the  Confessor,  Saxon  king,  VI.432. 

Edward  I.  (Longshanks),  king  of  England,  VI. 
433.  His  laws  respecting  coinage,  XI.  738,  2  b. 

Edward  II.,  king  of  England,  VI.  434.  Place 
of  his  murder  alluded  to,  II.  559,  2  c.  Change 
in  the  organization  of  the  English  mint  made 
by  him,  XL  616,  2  a.  Laws  respecting  trade 
and  exportation  of  coin,  738,  2  c. 

Edward  III.,  king  of  England,  VI.  435.  Estab¬ 
lishment  of  justices  of  the  peace  by  him,  IX. 
725,  2  c.  His  institution  of  the  order  of  the 
garter,  VII.  631, 1  c.  Laws  respecting  coin¬ 
age,  XI.  739,  1  a. 

Edward  IV.,  king  of  England,  VI.  436. 

Edward  V.,  king  of  England,  VI.  437.  More’s 
account  of  his  murder  in  the  tower,  2  be. 

Edward  VI.,  king  of  England,  VI.  438.  First 
service  book  of,  V.  153,  2  a ;  second,  154, 1  a. 
The  currency  in  his  reign,  XI.  739,  1  be. 

Edward,  prince  of  Wales  (the  Black  Prince), 
VI.  439.  See  Creoy,  V.  470,  1  c,  2  a. 

Edicard,  Major  Arthur ,  his  library  in  the  Brit¬ 
ish  museum,  III.  2K)7,  2  b. 

Edward  the  Outlaw ,  Saxon  heir  to  the  English 
throne,  VI.  433,  2  b. 

Edwardes,  Sir  Herbert  Benjamin,  English  sol¬ 
dier  and  author,  VI.  439. 

Edwards,  two  counties,  VI.  440. 


284 


EDWARDS 


EGYPT 


Edwards,  Amelia  Blandford,  English  novelist, 
YI.  440. 

Edwards,  Bela  Bates,  American  author  and 
editor,  YI.  440. 

Edwards,  Bryan,  English  historian,  YI.  440. 
Edwards,  George,  ornithologist,  YI.  440. 
Edwards,  John,  divine,  YI.  440. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  American  divine  and 
metaphysician,  YI.  440.  His  theological  sys¬ 
tem,  443,  1  a.  Theory  respecting  providence, 
2  be.  Ethical  theory,  444,  1  c ;  XI.  807, 

1  b,  812,  1  b,  815,  2  ab ;  XIII.  447,  1  a.  His 
influence  on  the  theology  of  New  England, 
YI.  444,  2  a.  Lives  of,  2  ab. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  president  of  Union  college, 
YI.  444.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  447,  1  b. 
Edwards,  Justin,  American  clergyman,  YI.  445. 
Edwards,  Milne :  see  Milne-Ed wards. 
Edwards,  Richard,  English  dramatist,  YI.  445. 
Edwards,  Tryon,  American  clergyman  and 
author,  VI.  445. 

Edwardsville ,  county  seats,  IY.  659,  1  ab ;  X. 
821,  1  b. 

Edwin,  king  of  Northumbria,  YI.  445.  His 
conversion  to  Christianity,  2  c. 

Edwy,  the  Fair,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  YI. 
445.  Violent  treatment  of  by  St.  Dunstan, 

2  c.  Tragic  fate  of  Elgiva,  446,  1  a. 
Eeckhout,  Gerbrant  van  den  [aik'-howt],  Dutch 

painter,  YI.  446. 

Eecloo  [a'-klo],  town  of  Belgium,  YI.  446. 
Eel,  YI.  446.  Common  eel  of  the  northern 
and  middle  states,  1  c  (ill.) ;  of  Europe,  2  c. 
Silver  eel,  2  be.  Beaked  eel,  2  c.  Conger 
eel,  447,  1  be  (ill.) ;  so-styled,  II.  710,  2  be. 
Muraena,  YI.  447,  2  a.  Sand  eel,  2  c. 

Eel,  Electrical:  see  Electric  Fishes. 

Eel  grass ,  XYI.  249,  1  c;  733,  1  ab. 

Eel-Pout:  see  Burbot.  So-styled,  II.  710, 
2  b ;  X.  506,  2  b. 

Eels  :  see  Iliyats. 

Eels  of  vinegar,  XYI.  338,  2  b. 

Eelee:  see  III 
Eeliauts :  see  Iliyats. 

Eesah  :  see  Somauli. 

Effervescence,  YI.  448.  Effervescing  powders, 
1  c.  Seidlitz  powders,  2  b. 

Effingham,  two  counties,  YI.  448. 

Effingham,  county  seat,  YI.  448,  2  c. 
Efflorescing  zeolite :  see  Laumonite. 

Eft,  species  of  newt,  YI.  448  (ill.). 

£galite,  Philippe  [a-ga-le-ta] :  see  Orleans, 
XII.  700,  1  c. 

Egba  language,  I.  8,  1  o. 


Egbert,  king  of  Wessex,  YI.  449. 

Egede,  Hans  [eg'-Sh-deh],  apostle  of  Greenland, 
YI.  449  ;  XI.  641, 1  b.  Paul,  missionary,  YI. 
449,  2  be. 

Eger  [a'-gher],  city  of  Bohemia,  YI.  449. 

Eger,  Hungary :  see  Erlau. 

Egeria  [e-je'-re-a],  in  Roman  mythology,  YI. 
450  ;  XII.  534,  2  b. 

Egerton,  Francis  (two)  and  Francis  Henry 
[ej'-er-tun] :  see  Bridgewater,  and  Elles¬ 
mere. 

Egerton,  Thomas,  baron,  YI.  450.  John,  first 
earl  of  Bridgewater,  2  a. 

Egg,  organized  germ  of  animals,  YI.  450.  Con¬ 
stituents  of,  2  ab.  Composition  of  the  hen’s 
egg,  2  c.  Temperature  and  period  of  hatch¬ 
ing,  451,  1  a.  Methods  of  preserving,  1  b. 
As  nutriment,  1  be.  In  medicine,  1  c.  The 
largest  known,  2  a.  See  Embryology. 

Egg,  Augustus  Leopold,  English  painter,  YI.  45 1 . 
Egg  gourd :  see  Squash,  XY.  293,  1  be. 

Egg  Plant,  YI.  451  (ill.). 

Eggmuhl:  see  Eckmuhl. 

Eg'inhard  [Ger.  a'-ghin-hart],  secretary  of 
Charlemagne,  YI.  452. 

Eglantine,  sweet  brier,  YI.  452  (ill.) ;  XIY. 
434,  1  b  (ill.). 

Egmont,  Lam  oral,  count  of,  Flemish  soldier 
and  statesman,  YI.  452;  I.  370,  1  b;  VIII„ 
818,  2  be. 

Eg'remont,  Earl  of:  see  Wyndham,  Sir  Charles. 
E'gret,  bird,  YI.  453.  Great  American  egret, 
1  c  (ill.).  European,  2  c,  and  little  European, 
454,  1  b  (ills.).  Reddish,  2  a  (ill.). 

Eg'ripo ,  island  :  see  Euboea.  Town  :  see  Chal- 
cis.  Strait :  see  Euripus. 

Egripo-ponte :  see  Euripus. 

Egypt,  YI.  454.  Physical  features,  2  c.  Pro¬ 
ductions,  455,  2  b.  Climate,  456,  1  a.  Di¬ 
visions  and  their  administration,  1  b.  Pop¬ 
ulation,  1  c.  Modern  Egyptians,  2  a  (ill.). 
Industries,  2  c.  Government,  457,*  1  be. 
Education,  &c.,  2  a.  History,  2  c.  Period 
of  the  Pharaohs,  ib.  Manetho’s  dynasties, 
458,  2  c;  table,  after  Mariette,  459,  1  be. 
Progress  of  the  old  empire,  2  a ;  middle, 
460,  1  b;  new,  461,  1  b.  Persian  period, 

463,  1  b.  Ancient  Egyptian  civilization, 
1  c;  religious  system,  2  b;  government, 

464,  1  be;  people,  &c.,  2  a.  Grecian  pe¬ 
riod,  465,  1  a.  Roman  period,  2  b ;  Chris¬ 
tianity  and  paganism,  2  c.  Arabian  period, 
466,  1  b.  Turkish  period,  2  b.  From  the 
French  invasion  onward,  2  c. 


EGYPT 


ELASTICITY 


285 


EGYrT,  Language  and  Literature  of,  VI.  469. 
Old  Egyptian  language,  1  c.  Graphic  sys¬ 
tems,  2  a  (ills.,  470-475).  Literature,  470, 
2  be.  Egyptian  language,  its  related  dia¬ 
lects,  I.  171,  1  b. 

Egyptian  church:  see  Copts,  V.  834,  1  a. 

Egyptian  pebble ,  variety  of  jasper,  IX.  571,  1  a. 

Egyptian  privet,  plant,  VIII.  638,  1  a. 

Egyptian  wheat ,  Indian  millet,  XV.  170,  1  b. 

Egypto- Etruscan  museum ,  in  Florence,  VII. 
276,  2  b. 

Ehninger,  John  Whetton  [a'-ning-er],  Ameri¬ 
can  artist,  VI.  479. 

Ehrenberg,  Christian  Gottfried  [a'-rembairg], 
German  naturalist,  VI.  479.  Ilis  classifica¬ 
tion  of  animalcules,  I.  514,  1  c,  2  c;  observa¬ 
tions  on  their  structure,  516, 1  ab,  ff.  Classi¬ 
fication  of  birds,  XII.  707,  1  c;  of  mollusca, 
XI.  50,  2  a.  Invertebrates  distinguished  from 
vertebrates,  IX.  325,  1  c.  Division  of  verte¬ 
brates,  XVI.  325,  1  be.  (Died  1876.) 

Ehrenbreitstein  [a'-ren-brite-stine],  town  and 
fortress  of  Prussia,  VI.  480  (view). 

Ehyeh :  see  Jehovah,  IX.  600,  1  ab. 

Eibenstock  [i'-ben-stuk],  town  of  Saxony,  VI. 
480. 

Eichelstein  [i'-chel-stine],  XI.  396,  2  c  (Mentz). 

Eichendorff,  Joseph  Karl  Benedict,  baron 
[I'-chen-dorf],  German  author,  VI.  480. 

EicnnoRN,  Johann  Gottfried  [Th'-horn],  Ger¬ 
man  scholar,  VI.  480.  Karl  Friedrich,  law¬ 
yer  and  historian,  481,  1  a. 

Eichstadt  [rh'-stet],  town  of  Bavaria,  VI.  481. 

Eichstadt ,  prince  of,  II.  426,  1  c  and  2  c 
(Beahharnais)  ;  X.  375,  2  b. 

Eichwald,  Edward  [Fh'-valt],  Russian  natural¬ 
ist,  VI.  481. 

Eider  [i'-der],  river  of  Germany,  VI.  481. 

Eider  Duck,  VI.  481  (ill.).  Eider  down,  482, 
1  b.  King  eider,  1  c  (ill.). 

E Ik&v  BacnXiiih  ( Eikon  Basilike ),  VII.  646,  2  ab ; 
IV.  281,  2  a. 

Eilanban:  see  Britain,  III.  293,  2  c. 

Eilau :  see  Eylau. 

Eildon  Hills  [eel'-dun],  Scotland,  VI.  482. 

Eilenburg  [T-len-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  VI. 
483. 

Eimbeck  [ime'-bek],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  483. 

Einbeck :  see  Eimbeck. 

Ein'  feste  Burg  ist  unser  Gott  [ine  fes'-t&h 
boorg  ist  oon'-zer  got],  Luther’s  hymn,  VII. 
764,  1  b. 

Einhard  [ine'-hart] :  see  Eginhard. 

Einsiedeln  [ine'-ze-deln],  Swiss  village, VI.  483. 


Eisdale  [eez'-dale] :  see  Easdale. 

Eisenach  [T-z81i-nakh],  town  of  Germany,  VI. 

483.  The  Wartburg,  1  c  (ill.). 

Eisenberg  [i'-zen-bairg],  town  of  Germany, 

VI.  483. 

Eisenburg,  county  of  Hungary  :  see  Vas. 
Eisenlohr,  Wilhelm  Friedrich  [l'-zen-lore], 
German  physicist,  VI.  484. 

Eisenstadt  [i'-zen-stat],  town  of  Hungary,  VI. 

484. 

Eisleben  [ice'-la-ben],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  484. 
Eisteddfods  [ice-ted'-fods ;  Welsh,  ice-teth'- 
fods],  meetings  of  Welsh  bards,  VI.  484. 
Ejectment,  in  law,  VI.  484;  139,  1  be;  VII. 

25,  2  c,  26,  1  c.  Deferred  to,  VII.  175,  2  c. 
Ekaterinburg  :  see  Yekaterinburg. 
Ekaterinodar  :  see  Yekaterinodar. 
Ekaterinoslav  :  see  Yekaterinoslav. 
Ek-Hissar :  see  Akmssar. 

Ekhmin  [ek-meen'],  town  of  Egypt,  VI.  484. 
Ekron,  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  VI.  484. 
Ek'thesis ,  Monophysite  imperial  edict,  XI.  758, 
1  b. 

El,  II,  in  Babylonian  mythology,  XII.  117, 
1  b,  2  b. 

Elce'is  Guineensis  [ghin-e-en'-sis],  (botany), 
XIII.  27,  1  c  (ill.) ;  22,  1  c. 

Elceocar'pus  copaVifer  (botany),  V.  312,  2  c. 
Elagab'alus,  Varius  Avitus  Bassianus,  Boman 
emperor,  VI.  484.  Referred  to,  I.  289,  1  b. 
Elagabalus ,  Syro-Phoenician  deity,  VI.  485, 

1  a.  His  worship  transferred  to  Rome,  1  b. 
Elaine ’ :  see  Lancelot  of  the  Lake. 
Elaioptene  [e-la-op'-teen],  fluid  part  of  essen¬ 
tial  oils,  VI.  733,  2  a. 

El-Akhmim  :  see  Ekhmin,  VI.  484,  2  c. 

E'lam,  ancient  country  of  S.  W.  Asia,  VI.  485. 
Eland,  antilopean  ruminant,  VI.  486  (ill.). 
El'anus  (ornithology),  X.  20,  1  b.  E.  leucu- 
rus,  ib. 

Elaphebolion ,  Athenian  month,  I.  606,  2  a. 
El-Araish  [-a-rish'],  town  of  Morocco,  VI.  487. 
El-Arish  [-a-reesh'J,  town  of  Egypt,  VI.  487. 

Treaty  of,  2  ab  ;  X.  24,  1  b. 
Elasmosau'rians,  fossil  saurians,  VI.  487  (ill.). 
Elasmosaurus ,  fossil  reptilian  whale,  VI.  487, 

2  c.  E.  platyurus,  ib. 

Elasmothe'rium,  fossil  animal,  XIV.  290,  1  c. 
Elastic  Curve,  VI.  488.  Elastic  curve  of 
Bernoulli,  489,  1  be. 

Elasticity,  VI.  488;  XV.  419,  1  b.  Of  masses, 
VI.  488,  2  b.  Of  molecules  and  atoms,  491, 
2  a.  Of  the  earth,  489,  2  c ;  coefficient  of, 
490,  1  c.  Of  liquids,  2  b ;  coefficient  of,  ib. 


286 


ELASTIC 


ELECTRICS 


Of  vapors,  491,  1  a.  Of  a  gas,  1  c.  Limit 
of,  XV.  419,  1  be.  Modulus  or  coefficient 
of,  1  c.  “Young’s  modulus  of  elasticity,” 
VI.  489,  1  a. 

Elastic  limit ,  XV.  415,  2  c. 

Ela'ter  (entomology),  II.  476,  2  b;  VII.  213, 

1  ab.  Night-shining  elater,  1  be.  E.  nocti- 
lucus,  II.  476,  2  b.  Larvae  of,  XVI.  678, 1  c. 

Elaterine  [e-lat'-er-in],  vegetable  principle,  VI. 

492,  1  c. 

ElaVerite ,  mineral  caoutchouc,  II.  671,  2  c. 
Elate'rium,  medicine,  VI.  492. 

Elaters ,  in  botany,  X.  542,  1  c. 

E'latii,  seaport  of  ancient  Idumaea,  VI.  492  ; 

410,  1  a.  Site  of,  492,  2  b;  I.  225,  2  b. 
Elay l  [e-la'-il],  or  olefiant  gas,  VII.  637,  2  be. 
El-Azariyeh  [el-a-za-re'-ya],  site  of  Bethany, 
II.  593,  2  c. 

Elba,  island  of  Italy,  VI.  492.  Porto  Ferrajo, 

2  c  (ill.,  493).  Sovereignty  of  Napoleon  I., 

493,  1  b. 

Elba,  county  seat,  V.  18,  1  a. 

Elbe  [elb;  Ger.  el'-beh],  river  of  Germany, 
VI.  493.  Elbe  dues,  2  b;  XV.  299,  1  a. 
ELBERFELD[eT-ber-felt],city  of  Prussia,  VI.  493. 
Elbert,  county,  VI.  494. 

Elberton ,  county  seat,  VI.  494,  1  b. 

Elbeuf  [el-buhfj,  town  of  France,  VI.  494. 
Elbing,  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  494. 

Elbow  joint,  in  anatomy,  I.  783,  2  a  (ill.). 
Elbruz  [el-brooz'] :  see  Elburz. 

El-Bukaa  [el-boo-ka'],  (Coele- Syria),  X.  281, 
1  ab. 

Elburz  [el-boorz'],  Persian  range  of  moun¬ 
tains,  VI.  494.  Mt.  Elburz,  Caucasus,  2  be; 
IV.  133,  1  be. 

Elce'saites,  Gnostic  sect,  VI.  494. 

Elche  [ail'-clia],  town  of  Spain,  VI.  494. 
Elchingen,  Ober  and  Unter  [o'-ber,  oon'-ter 
eT-khing-en],  two  villages  of  Bavaria,  VI. 
495.  Battle  of,  and  duke  of,  1  a. 

Elder,  church  officer,  VI.  495.  Lay  elders, 
1  c.  In  Baptist  churches,  II.  292,  2  b. 
Teaching  and  ruling  elders,  in  Presbyterian 
churches,  XIII.  809,  1  b. 

Elder,  plant,  VI.  495.  Common,  1  c  (ill.). 
Wine  of,  2  b.  Parsley-leaved,  2  b  (ill.). 
Downy,  ib. 

Elder  berry,  red :  see  Citric  Acid,  IV.  614,  2  c. 
Eldon,  John  Scott,  earl  of,  lord  chancellor  of 
England,  VI.  496. 

Eldo'ra ,  county  seat,  VIII.  453,  2  c. 

El  Dorado  [do-ra'-do ;  Sp.  ail  tho-rE-tho], 
imaginary  region  of  wealth,  VI.  496. 


El  Dorado,  county,  VI.  496. 

El  Dorado,  county  seats,  III.  489,  1  b ;  XVL 
112,  1  b. 

Eldridge,  E.  J .,  confederate  surgeon,  on  the 
condition  of  the  Andersonville  prisoners,  I. 
475,  1  a. 

E'lea,  in  Greece :  see  Elis. 

Elea,  in  Italy  :  see  Velia. 

Elean  school,  XIII.  378,  2  a ;  437,  2  c. 
Eleanor  of  Aquitaine  [el'-a-nor],  queen  of 
France  and  of  England,  VI.  496 ;  III.  90, 
2  b.  Council  which  divorced  her  from  Louis, 
II.  426,  1  ab.  Laws  of  Oleron  said  to  have 
been  framed  by  her  order,  X.  219,  2  ab. 
Eleatic  School  [e-le-at'-ik],  of  philosophy,  VI. 
497 ;  XIII.  602,  1  be. 

Eleazar  [el-e-a'-zar],  Hebrew  name,  VI.  497. 
Elecampane',  herb,  VI.  497  (ill.).  Medicinal 
use,  498,  1  a. 

Elective  affinities,  originator  of  the  term,  II. 
558,  2  be. 

Elector,  in  the  old  German  empire,  VI.  498. 

In  the  United  States,  1  c;  XVI.  139,  2  a. 
Electra,  in  Greek  legend,  VI.  498. 

Electric  clock  dial,  IV.  700,  1  c.  Electric 
clock,  2  a. 

Electric  Fishes,  VI.  498.  Electrical  eel,  2  b 
(ill.).  Electrical  fish  of  Africa,  499,  2  a  (ill.) ; 
of  the  Pacific,  2  be.  Their  electric  power,  2  c. 
Electrical  potential,  doctrine  of,  VII.  599,  2  b. 
Electricity,  VI.  500.  Statical,  1  c;  512,  1  c. 
Dynamical,  500,  1  c,  2  a;  VII.  586,  1  a.  Du 
Fay’s  theory  of  electricity,  VI.  298,  2  b ; 
501,  1  a;  512, 1  a.  Franklin’s,  512,  1  a,  1  c. 
Frictional  electricity,  501,  1  a.  Attraction 
and  repulsion,  501,  2  b  (ill.).  Electrical  in¬ 
duction,  502,  2  a  (ill.).  Electroscopes,  503, 

1  be;  Bennet’s,  1  c  (ill.).  Electrometers, 

2  b  (ills.).  Dissipation  of  the  charge,  505, 

1  a.  Electrical  machines,  505,  1  a  (ills.). 
Spark  in  rarefied  air,  508,  1  ab  (ill.).  Electric 
egg,  1  b.  Revolving  points,  2  b  (ill.).  Du¬ 
ration  of  spark,  509,  1  a  (ill.).  Condensers, 

2  a  (ill.).  Leyden  jar,  2  ab  (ill.).  Physi¬ 
ological  effects  of  a  discharge,  510,  2  ab. 
Frictional  electricity  in  medicine,  ib.  First 
experiments  in,  said  to  have  been  made 
known  to  Franklin  :  see  Collinson. — Elec¬ 
tricity  as  a  chemical  agent,  I.  159,  2  a. 
Identity  of  frictional  electricity  and  galvan¬ 
ism,  VII.  599,  1  c. 

Electric  Light,  VI.  510.  Duboscq’s  regula¬ 
tor,  511,  2  ab  (ill.).  In  lighthouses,  X.  455, 1  b. 
Electrics  and  non-electrics,  VI.  501,  1  b. 


ELECTRIS 


ELGIN 


Electris :  see  Samothrace. 

Electro-biology,  I.  527,  1  b. 

Electro-chemistry ,  II.  87,  2  b ;  88,  1  a.  Its 
applications  and  products,  443,  2  b,  ff. 

Electrode ,  I.  519,  1  ab;  VII.  84, 1  c.  Polariza¬ 
tion  of  electrodes,  VII.  598,  2  ab. 

Electro-dynamic  induction ,  XI.  12,  1  ab. 

Electro-gilding ,  VII.  600,  1  a ;  XIII.  598,  2  b. 

Electrolysis,  decomposition  by  galvanic  cur¬ 
rent,  VII.  84,  1  c;  588,  1  c;  596,  2  be,  ff.; 
XI.  335,  1  ab.  Clausius’s  molecular  theory 
of,  VII.  596, 1  b.  Electrolysis  of  water,  VII. 
592,  1  b. 

Electrolyte,  in  galvanism,  VII.  84, 1  c;  588, 1  b ; 
596,  2  be. 

Electro-magnet ,  VI.  516,  1  a  (ill.).  Modifica¬ 
tions  and  applications  of,  ib.  See  Henry, 
Joseph. 

Electro-magnetic  telegraph:  see  Telegraph. 
Use  of  in  determining  longitude,  X.  628,  1  b. 

Electro-Magnetism,  VI.  511.  Du  Fay’s  and 
Franklin’s  theories  of  electricity,  512,  1  a. 
Prof.  Oersted’s  experiments  in  electro-mag¬ 
netism,  513,  2  a.  Ampere’s  discoveries,  2  b. 
Rotation  of  a  vertical  current,  515,  1  a  (ill.). 
Prof.  Barlow’s  illustration  of  terrestrial  mag¬ 
netism,  1  c.  Galvanometer,  2  c.  Electro¬ 
magnet,  516,  1  a  (ill.).  Magnetic  and  dia¬ 
magnetic,  2  a.  Electro-magnetic  engines, 
2  b.  See  Faraday,  Galvanism,  Magnetism, 
and  Magneto-Electricity. 

Electro-Metalltjrgy,  Electrotyping :  see  Gal¬ 
vanism,  VII.  599,  2  c. 

Electromotive  force ,  VII.  587,  2  a ;  593,  2  a. 

Electroph' orus,  Volta’s,  VI.  507, 1  a  (ill.) ;  XVI. 
404,  2  a. 

Electro -photometer ,  Masson’s,  XIII.  474,  1  a. 

Electro-plating ,  VII.  600,  1  a;  XIII.  598,  2  a. 

Electroscope,  Bohnenberger’s,  VII.  592, 2  a  (ill.). 

Electro-therapeutics :  see  Medical  Electricity. 

Electrotyping ,  VII.  601,  1  c;  XIII.  851,  1  ab. 

Electrum,  amber  ( 'plenTpov ),  I.  381,  1  c;  VI. 
500,  2  b.  Alloy  of  gold  and  silver  (amber- 
colored),  XI.  736,  1  c;  XII.  535,  2  b;  XIV. 
715,  2  c. 

Eledone  [e-led'-o-ne],  (mollusca),  XII.  577,  2  b. 

Ele' git,  in  law,  VII.  26,  2  ab. 

Element,  Chemical,  VI.  517.  Modification  of 
the  chemical  meaning  of  element  as  now  un¬ 
derstood,  IV.  370,  2  c.  See  Chemistry, 
Equivalent  (Chemical),  Mineralogy,  and 
Molecule,  XL  716,  1  a. 

Elementary  substance ,  XI.  716,  1  a. 

Elements ,  of  the  ancients,  IV.  357,  1  b,  ff.  (see 


287 

VIII.  567,  lb);  of  the  alchemists,  359,  1  c. 
Native,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  583,  1  a;  positive 
and  negative,  2  ab  ;  basic,  acidic,  and  acidific, 
584,  1  ab;  liomoeomorphous,  585,  1  c. 
El'emi,  resinous  exudation,  VI.  517. 

Elemine  [el'-e-min],  resin,  VI.  517,  2  be. 
Eleono'ra  of  Este,  Italian  princess,  VI.  517. 
Eleonora  San  Vitale ,  VI.  517,  2  c. 

Eleot'ragus  arundina' ceus  (zoology),  (ill.),  I. 
545,  1  a. 

Elephant,  VI.  518.  Anatomy,  1  a.  Tusks, 

1  c,  2  b.  Trunk,  519,  2  a.  Habitat,  2  c. 
Asiatic,  520, 1  a  (ill.) ;  capture  of,  1  c.  Afri¬ 
can,  2  c  (ill.,  521).  Fossil  elephants,  521, 

2  be.  Length  of  life,  1. 182,  2  a  ;  III.  61,  2  ab. 
Elephan'ta,  island  of  India,  VI.  522.  Cave 

temple,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  phallic  symbols  in,  XIII. 
380,  2  c. 

Elephantiasis,  disease,  VI.  522.  E.  Arabum, 
2  ab  ;  I.  619,  1  a.  E.  Grsocorum,  tubercular, 
VI.  523,  1  ab.  E.  ansesthetica,  1  c.  Cases 
cured,  IV.  12,  1  c,  2  a. 

Elephantina :  see  Elephantine. 

Elephantine  [el-eh-fan-te'-na],  island  in  the 
Nile,  VI.  523. 

Elephantis :  see  Elephantine. 

Elephant  leg,  disease:  see  Elephantiasis. 
Elephant  skin,  disease  :  see  Elephantiasis. 
Elephant's  foot,  plant :  see  Tortoise  Plant. 
Elephas  (zoology),  VI.  518,  1  a.  E.  Indicus, 
520,  1  a  (ill.).  E.  Africanus,  2  c  (ill.,  521). 
E.  primigenius,  XI.  84,  1  be  (ill.) ;  85,  1  c. 
E.  imperator  and  E.  Americanus,  2  b. 
Eleusi'ne  In'dica  (botany),  VIII.  169,  1  b. 
Eleusin'ia,  festival  of  Ceres,  IV.  210,  2  a. 
Eleusinian  mysteries,  VI.  523,  2  b;  XII.  114, 
2  c.  Discovery  of  a  marble  slab  with  the 
rules  and  regulations,  VI.  524,  1  a.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  XIV.  30,  2  a.  See  Ceres. 
Eleu'sis,  ancient  town  of  Attica,  VI.  523. 
Eleuthe'ria,  Greek  festival,  VI.  524. 

Elevator  muscles,  XIII.  383,  1  a. 

Eleven-o' clock-lady,  plant,  XV.  323,  1  ab. 
Eleven  thousand  virgins ,  legend  of  the:  see 
Ursula,  Saint. 

Elf,  or  alf,  in  Scandinavian  mythology:  see 
Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  a,  ff. 

Elgin  [el'-ghin],  county  of  Canada,  VI.  524. 
Elgin,  city  of  Illinois,  VI.  524.  National  watch 
factory,  1  be. 

Elgin,  town  of  Scotland,  VI.  524.  Cathedral, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Elgin,  Thomas  Bruce,  seventh  earl  of,  VI.  524. 
James  Bruce,  eighth  earl  of,  525,  1  c. 


288 


ELGIN 


ELLERY 


Elgin  Marbles,  VI.  525.  Rescue  of  from  the 
sea,  VIII.  424,  1  a. 

Elginshire,  county  of  Scotland,  VI.  526. 
Elgi'ra ,  Anglo-Saxon  princess,  tragic  fate  of, 
VI.  445,  2  c,  ff.(EDWT). 

El-Hudaidak  [el-hoo-di'-da] :  see  IIodeida. 
Eli,  Hebrew  judge,  VI.  526. 

Elia  [e'-lya],  nom  de  plume,  X.  121,  1  c. 
Eli'as  :  see  Elijah. 

Elias  Leyita,  Hebrew  scholar,  VI.  526. 
Elibank ,  Baron :  see  Murray,  Patrick. 

Elie  de  Beaumont  [a-le  dull  bo-mongJ,  French 
lawyer,  referred  to,  III.  566,  2  b. 

Elie  de  Beaumont,  Jean  Baptiste  Armand 
Louis  Leonce,  French  geologist,  VI.  526. 
Eligius ,  Saint ,  minister  of  Dagobert  I.,  V.  632, 

1  a;  VII.  379,  1  be. 

Elijah,  Hebrew  prophet,  VI.  527. 

Elioc'roca:  see  Lorca. 

El'iot,  Charles  William,  American  educator, 
VI.  527. 

Eliot ,  George ,  pseudonyme :  see  Lewes,  Ma¬ 
rian  Evans. 

Eliot,  John,  “Apostle  of  the  Indians,”  VI. 
527.  Referred  to,  XII.  159,  2  c ;  XIV.  459, 

2  a.  Jared,  clergyman,  VI.  528,  2  ab. 
Eliot,  John,  American  clergyman,  VI.  528. 
Eliot,  Samuel,  American  author,  VI.  528. 
Eliott,  George  Augustus,  Baron  Heathfield, 

British  general,  VI.  529. 

Elipandus ,  archbishop  of  Toledo,  a  founder  of 
the  Adoptiani,  I.  130,  1  a. 

E'lis,  in  ancient  Greece,  VI.  529. 

Elissa :  see  Dido. 

Elisabethgrad  [eh-le-za-bet-grad'J,  town  of 
Russia,  VI.  529. 

Elisabethpol',  government  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
VI.  529.  Capital,  2  c. 

Elisha,  Hebrew  prophet,  VI.  529. 

Elixir,  VI.  530.  Elixir  vitse,  1  b.  Grand  elixir 
and  little  elixir  of  the  alchemists,  I.  261,  2  c. 
Elixir  of  youth,  X.  846,  2  b. 

Elixir,  preparation  of  opium,  XII.  648,  2  ab. 
Elizabeth,  city  of  New  Jersey,  VI.  530. 
Elizabeth,  queen  of  England,  VI.  530.  Pro¬ 
testation  of  her  Roman  Catholic  faith,  532, 

1  ab.  Excommunicated  by  the  pope,  533, 1  b. 
Execution  of  Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  2  c. 
Spanish  armada,  534,  1  ab.  Rebuke  of  Es¬ 
sex,  2  a.  Froude’s  characterization  of  her, 

2  c.  Furnishing  of  her  wardrobe,  XII.  352, 
1  a.  State  of  the  currency  in  her  reign,  XI. 
739,  1  c. 

Elizabeth,  queen  of  Spain,  VI.  535. 


Elizabeth,  Madame  (Elizabeth  of  France), 
princess,  VI.  535. 

Elizabeth,  Saint,  of  Hungary,  VI.  535. 
Elizabeth  Charlotte,  duchess  of  Orleans,  VI. 

536. 

Elizabeth  Christina,  queen  of  Prussia,  VI.  536. 
Elizabeth  City,  county  of  Virginia,  VI.  536. 
Elizabeth  City,  town  of  North  Carolina,  VI. 

537. 

Elizabeth  Farnese  [far-na'-za],  queen  of 
Spain,  VI.  537. 

Elizabeth  Islands,  Massachusetts,  VI.  537. 
Elizabeth  Petrovna,  empress  of  Russia,  VI. 
537.  See  Lestocq.  Her  interest  in  Rus¬ 
sian  art  and  science,  XIV.  497,  1  b. 
Elizabeth  Stuart,  queen  of  Bohemia,  VI.  538. 
Elizabeth  of  Valois,  or  Isabella,  queen  of 
Spain,  VI.  538. 

Elizabethines,  religious  order,  VII.  427,  1  ab. 
Elizabeth  town ,  county  seats,  II.  687,  2  a ;  IV. 
35,  1  b ;  V.  53,  2  a  (now  Cimarron) ;  VI. 
735,  1  ab ;  VIII.  453,  2  a,  c  (two). 

Elk,  VI.  538.  American,  539,  1  ab  (ill.).  Eu¬ 
ropean,  540,  2  a  (ill.).  Elk,  so-styled,  541, 
1  a :  see  Wapiti,  XVI.  447,  1  a,  and  Buck, 
III.  385,  1  c.  Fossil  elks,  VI.  541,  1  a. 

Elk,  county,  VI.  541. 

Elkader,  county  seat,  IV.  657,  1  a. 

El-Keff:  see  Keff. 

Elkesai  [el-ka-si'J,  founder  of  the  Elcesaites, 

VI.  494,  2  c. 

Elk  Falls ,  county  seat,  IX.  18,  1  c. 

Elkhart,  county,  VI.  541. 

Elkhart,  town  of  Indiana,  VI.  541. 

Elkhorn,  county  seat,  XVI.  445,  2  a. 
El-Khonder,  Mohammedan  name  of  St.  George, 

VII.  712,  1  be. 

El-Kirwan  [el-keer-wan'] :  see  Katrwan. 
Elko,  county,  VI.  541. 

Elko,  county  seat,  VI.  541,  2  c. 

Elk  Point,  county  seat,  XVI.  113,  1  a. 

Elk  range,  Rocky  mountains,  XIV.  377,  1  b. 
Elkton ,  county  seats,  IV.  163,  2  c ;  XV.  786,  2  c. 
Elian  Vannin :  see  Man,  Isle  of. 
Ellenborough,  Edward  Law,  baron,  chief 
justice  of  England,  VI.  541.  Lord  Ellen- 
borough’s  act:  see  Abortion,  I.  28,  2  c. 
Edward  Law,  first  earl  of,  statesman,  542, 
1  a;  referred  to,  I.  162,  1  a.  Jane  Eliza¬ 
beth,  countess  of,  VI.  542,  1  c. 

Ellefolk  [el'-leh-folk] :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  a. 
Ellensburg,  county  seat,  V.  587,  1  a. 

Ellery,  William,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  VI.  542. 


ELLESMERE 


ELPHINSTONE 


289 


Ellesmere,  Francis  Egerton,  earl  of  [elz'- 
meer],  English  statesman  and  author,  VI.  542. 

Ellesmere ,  baron  of :  see  Egerton,  Thomas. 

Ellet,  Charles,  jr.,  American  engineer,  VI.  543. 

Ellet,  William  Henry,  American  chemist,  VI. 
543.  Elizabeth  Fries  Lummis,  authoress, 
2  a. 

Ellicott,  Andrew,  American  astronomer  and 
civil  engineer,  VI.  543.  Joseph,  544,  1  ab. 

Ellicott,  Charles  John,  English  prelate  and 
author,  VI.  544. 

Ellicott  City,  town  of  Maryland,  VI.  544. 

EllicotVs  Mills  :  see  Ellicott  City. 

Ellijay ,  county  seat,  VII.  813,  1  b. 

Elliot,  George  Thomson,  American  physician, 
VI.  544. 

Elliot ,  Rev.  Jared ,  his  extraction  of  iron  from 
magnetic  sands,  II.  742,  2  c. 

Elliotson,  John,  English  physician  and  physi¬ 
ologist,  VI.  544. 

Elliott,  county,  VI.  545. 

Elliott,  Charles,  American  clergyman,  VI.  545. 

Elliott,  Charles  Loring,  painter,  VI.  545. 

Elliott,  Charles  Wyllys,  author,  VI.  545. 

Elliott,  Ebenezer,  English  poet,  VI.  545. 

Elliott,  Jesse  Duncan,  American  naval  officer, 
VI.  546. 

Elliott,  Stephen,  American  naturalist,  VI.  546. 
Stephen,  bishop,  547,  1  a. 

Elliott,  William,  American  author  and  states¬ 
man,  VI.  547. 

Ellipse,  VI.  547.  Ellipsoid,  2  a. 

Ellipsograph ,  elliptograph  :  see  Ellipse. 

Ellis,  county,  VI.  547. 

Ellis,  George,  English  author,  VI.  547. 

Ellis,  George  Edward,  American  clergyman, 
VI.  547. 

Ellis,  George  James  Welbore  Agar,  Lord 
Dover,  English  author,  VI.  548. 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  English  author  and  anti¬ 
quary,  VI.  548. 

Ellis,  William,  English  missionary  and  author, 
VI.  548.  Sarah  Stickney,  authoress,  2  ab. 

Ellis,  Robert  William,  English  writer,  VI.  548. 

Elliston,  Robert  William,  actor,  VI.  548. 

Ellisville ,  county  seat,  IX.  677,  1  a. 

Ello'ra,  town  of  Hindostan,  VI.  549.  Cave 
temples,  1  a  (ill.) ;  phallic  emblems  in,  XIII. 
380,  2  c. 

Ellswortii,  county,  VI.  549. 

Ellsworth,  city  of  Maine,  VI.  549. 

Ellsworth ,  county  seats,  VI.  549,  2  a ;  VIII. 
434,  1  a ;  XIII.  501,  2  b. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver,  American  statesman  and 
19 


jurist,  VI.  549.  William  Wolcott,  jurist, 
550,  1  b. 

Ellsworth ,  Col .  (Ephraim  Elmer,  1 837— ’61), 
death  of,  I.  290,  1  b. 

Ellwangen  [el'-vang-en],  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  VI.  550. 

Ellwood,  Thomas,  English  Quaker  minister, 
VI.  550. 

Elm,  tree,  VI.  550.  American  elm,  2  a  (ills., 
550  and  551).  Slippery  elm,  551,  1  a  (ill.), 
and  others.  English  elm,  2  a  (ill.).  Wych 
elm,  2  b  (ill.).  Nettle  tree,  or  false  elm,  2  c ; 

VIII.  365,  2  b  (Hackberry).  Planer  tree, 
VI.  552,  1  a.  Age  of  the  elm,  I.  184,  2  a. 

Elms ,  City  of:  see  New  Haven,  XII.  300,  2  a. 
Elmaci'nus,  Elmacin,  or  Almakin,  George  (Ibn 
Ahmid),  Arabian  historian,  VI.  552. 

El  mat  de  siete  dias  [ail  mal  da  se-a'-ta  de'-ass], 
the  seven  days’  sickness,  I.  689,  2  c. 

El  Mal'laha ,  lake  of  Palestine,  IX.  683,  2  a. 
Elmalu  [el-ma-loo'] :  see  Almali. 

Elmanist  school ,  in  Portuguese  literature,  XIII. 
744,  1  b. 

Elmanistas ,  the ,  II.  769,  1  b. 

Elmano  [el-ma'-no],  pseudonyme,  II.  769,  1  b; 
XIII.  744,  1  b. 

Elmes,  James  [elmz],  English  architect,  VI.  552. 
Elmina  [el-me'-na],  British  settlement,  Africa, 
VI.  552. 

Elmi'ra,  city  of  New  York,  VI.  552.  Elmira 
female  college,  2  c. 

El'more,  county,  VI.  552. 

Elmsley,  Peter,  English  scholar,  VI.  553. 

El  Obispo ,  ruined  temple,  Peru,  I.  400,  2  c. 
Elocution  :  see  Oratory. 

Elodites  pleuroderes  [a-luh-deet  pluh-ruh-dair], 
class  of  tortoises,  XV.  810,  2  b. 

El'ohim,  Hebrew  name  of  the  Deity,  VI.  553 ; 

IX.  600,  1  a. 

Eloi  [a-lwa],  Saint :  see  Eligius  (Index). 
Elongation ,  greatest,  of  a  planet,  XI.  404,  2  c. 
Elora ,  Elouro :  see  Ellora. 

El  Paso  [el  pa'-so],  two  counties,  VI.  553. 

El  Paso,  or  El  Paso  del  Norte,  town  of  Mexi¬ 
co,  VI.  553. 

El  Racionero  [ail  ra-the-o-na'-ro] :  see  Cano, 
Alonso. 

El'phinston,  James,  Scottish  grammarian,  VI. 
553. 

Elphinstone ,  Gen.,  envoy  to  Afghanistan,  I. 
161,  2  a. 

Elphinstone,  George :  see  Keith,  IX.  782,  2  a. 
Elphinstone,  Mountstuart,  English  statesman 
and  historian,  VI.  553. 


290 


ELSASS 


EMESA 


EVsass:  see  Alsace. 

Elsinore',  town  of  Denmark,  VI.  553.  Ivron- 
borg  castle,  554, 1  ab  (ill.).  Hamlet’s  tomb,  1  c. 
Elskwatawa ,  Indian  chief,  XV.  605,  2  ab. 

Elu ,  the  [a-loo'J,  original  inhabitants  of  Ceylon, 
IX.  221,  2  b.  Elu  alphabet,  ib. 

Elss'ler,  Fanny  and  Therese,  German  dancers, 
VI.  554.  Frau  von  Barnim  (Therese),  2  be; 
I.  80,  2  a. 

Elton,  salt  lake  of  Russia,  VI.  554. 

El-  TJjfia  [el-oof-fe'-a],  Arab  tribe,  massacred 
by  the  French,  I.  306,  2  a. 

Elvas,  city  of  Portugal,  VI.  554. 

Elves ,  fairies,  VII.  64,  1  c,  2  a  and  b ;  65,  1  b. 
Elvish  mark:  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  a. 

Elwes,  John  [el'-weez],  English  miser,  VI.  555. 
Elxai  [elx-I'J :  see  Elcesaites. 

Ely  [e'-le],  city  of  England,  VI.  555.  Cathe¬ 
dral,  1  c  (ill.). 

Elymcei  [el-e-me'-i],  ancient  race,  XV.  493, 1  c. 
Elymais  [-ma'-is],  province  of  Elam,  VI.  555. 
Elyria ,  county  seat,  X.  635,  2  a. 

Elysee  palace  [a-le-za],  Paris,  XIII.  83,  1  a. 
Elysian  Fields ,  mythical :  see  Elysium. 

“  Elysian  Fields ,”  Hoboken,  VIII.  750,  2  c. 
Elysium,  in  classical  mythology,  VI.  556. 
E’lyton ,  county  seat,  IX.  586,  2  c. 

El'ytra ,  wings  of  beetles,  II.  475, 1  b  ;  478,  1  b. 
El'zevir,  Elsevier,  or  Elzevier,  family  of  Dutch 
printers,  VI.  556.  Characterization,  2  b. 

Em ,  standard  of  measure  :  see  Printing,  XIII. 
847,  1  b. 

Emancipados  [a-man-se-pa'-^oce],  in  Cuba,  V. 
547,  1  ab. 

Emancipation :  see  Slavery,  and  Serf. 
Emancipist ,  discharged  Australian  convict, 
XIV.  7,  2  c. 

Emanuel ,  Hebrew  word :  see  Emmanuel. 
Emanuel,  county,  VI.  557. 

Emanuel  I.,  king  of  Portugal,  VI.  557. 
ftmarot,  Emma  [a-ma-ro] :  see  Livry. 
Embalming,  VI.  557.  Egyptian  processes,  2  b. 
Modern  methods,  558,  2  b.  Gannal’s  pro¬ 
cess,  2  be  ;  VII.  613,  1  a. 

Embargo,  VI.  559.  American  embargo  of 
1807,  1  c  ;  IX.  595,  1  b  ;  X.  825,  2  ab.  Po¬ 
litical  use  of,  I.  99,  2  c ;  100,  1  b,  2  b. 
Embattled  line ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672, 1  a  (ill.). 
Embassies ,  right  of  sending  and  receiving,  X. 
225,  2  a. 

Embden :  see  Emden. 

Ember  Days,  VI.  559 ;  XIV.  396,  1  a. 
Emberi'za  (ornithology),  III.  440,  1  ab.  E. 
citrinella,  XVI.  780,  1  b.  E.  hortulana, 


III.  440,  1  ab ;  XII.  712,  2  c  (ill.,  713).  E. 
miliaria,  III.  440,  1  ab.  E.  oryzivora,  II. 
766,  2  a  (ill.). 

Embezzlement,  in  law,  VI.  559. 

Emblements  [em'-blem-ents],  in  law,  VI.  559. 
Emblems ,  national:  see  Flag,  and  VIII.  671, 

1  a. 

Em'boli :  see  Embolus  (Index). 

Embolism ,  in  brain  and  heart  diseases,  III.  198, 

2  a,  ff.;  VIII.  562,  1  a. 

Embolismic  years ,  IV.  557,  2  a. 

Em'bolus,  obstruction  in  a  blood  vessel,  III. 

198,  2  a;  VIII.  561,  2  c  (emboli). 
Embra'cery,  in  law,  VI.  560. 

Embrasure ,  in  a  fortification,  VII.  334,  2  ab. 
Embiot'oca  linea'ta  (ichthyology),  VII.  239,  2  c. 
Embrun  [ang-brung],  town  of  France,  VI.  560. 
Em'bryo :  see  Embryology  ;  Obstetrics,  XII. 
568,  2  a ;  Plant,  XIII.  574,  2  b,  578,  1  b, 
591,  2  be. 

Embryol'ogy,  VI.  560.  Spontaneous  genera¬ 
tion,  whether  known  in  nature,  2  a :  see 
Spontaneous  Generation.  Identity  of  the 
mode  of  generation  in  all  animals,  561,  1  a. 
Process  of  development  in  the  ovum,  2  b ; 
in  the  embryo,  562,  2  be.  Phenomena  of 
incubation,  563,  1  a.  Growth  of  the  limbs 
and  other  members,  565,  1  c.  Invertebrates, 
2  c.  Discoveries  in :  see  Barry,  Martin. 
Embury,  Emma  Catharine,  American  authoress, 
VI.  567. 

Embury,  Philip,  first  Methodist  minister  in 
America,  VI.  567. 

Emden,  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  567. 

Emerald,  precious  stone,  VI.  567.  Oriental 
emerald,  568,  1  c;  XIV.  626,  1  b,  627,  1  ab. 
Emerald  Hill,  town  of  Australia,  VI.  568. 
Emerson,  George  Barrell,  American  educator, 
VI.  568. 

Emerson ,  James:  see  Tennent. 

Emerson ,  James ,  his  patent  for  making  brass, 

III.  213,  1  b. 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo,  American  poet  and  es¬ 
sayist,  VI.  568.  Characterization,  569,  2  ab ; 
XVI.  200,  1  a. 

Emerson ,  Rev.  William ,  patriot  of  the  revolu¬ 
tion,  V.  207,  1  c. 

Emery,  mineral,  VI.  570.  Discoveries  of  Dr. 
J.  Lawrence  Smith,  1  c;  571,  1  ab.  Prep¬ 
aration  for  use,  1  be.  Use  of  in  grinding 
precious  stones,  X.  161,  1  a. 

Eme'sa:  see  Homs.  Worship  of  the  god  of 
(Syro-Phcenician)  transferred  to  Rome,  VI. 
485,  1  b. 


EMETIA 


ENCHONDROMA 


291 


Emetia ,  alkaloid  principle,  IX.  342,  2  ab. 
Emet'ics,  medicine,  VI.  571. 

Emigration,  VI.  571.  Ancient  migrations, 
2  c.  Emigration  to  Russia,  572,  1  c;  to 
America,  2  a.  Act  of  congress  for  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  emigrants  on  shipboard,  573,  1  c. 
New  York  commissioners  of  emigration,  2  a. 
Care  of  emigrants,  2  c.  Castle  Garden  land¬ 
ing  depot,  574,  1  a.  Provision  for  employ¬ 
ment,  and  for  the  sick  and  destitute,  1  c. 
Statistics  of  immigration,  575, 1  a,  IF.  Chinese 
emigration,  577,  1  c.  Nationality  of  immi¬ 
grants,  578,  2  a.  Causes  of  variance  in  emi¬ 
gration,  1  c.  Effect  on  the  population  and 
wealth  of  the  United  States,  579,  2  be.  Emi¬ 
gration  from  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  581, 
1  c ;  from  Germany,  582,  1  ab.  Doctrine  of 
allegiance,  1  c :  see  Allegiance. 

Emigres  [a-me-gra],  French,  VII.  386,  1  c. 
Condemnation  of,  2  c.  Confiscation  of  their 
property,  387,  1  a.  Indemnity  to,  XVI. 
355,  2  b. 

Emilia ,  political  division :  see  Papal  States, 
XIII.  43,  1  a. 

Emim ,  referred  to,  VIII.  816,  2  b  (Horites). 
Eminence ,  county  seat,  XIV.  825,  1  c. 

Eminent  Domain,  in  law,  VI.  582.  Condition 
affixed  to  it  in  the  United  States,  2  c. 

E'mir  [Ar.  a-meer'],  Arabic  title,  VI.  583.  Of 
the  Druses,  VI.  274,  1  c. 

Emir  al-mumenin  [al-moo-ma-neen'] :  see  Emir. 
Emir  el-omra :  see  Emir;  I.  347,  2  c;  XIV. 
757,  2  b. 

Emissa :  see  Homs. 

Emlyn,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  VI.  583. 
Emma ,  Hawaiian  queen,  IX.  739, 1  b;  734,  1  b. 
Emma  mine ,  Utah,  XVI.  233,  1  ab. 

Emmanuel,  Hebrew  word,  VI.  583. 
Emmenagogues,  drugs,  VI.  583. 

Emmeran ,  abbey  of,  XIV.  213,  2  ab. 

Emmerich  [em'-mer-Pli],  town  of  Prussia,  VI. 

583. 

Emmet,  county,  VI.  583. 

Emmet,  Robert,  Irish  revolutionist,  VI.  583. 
Thomas  Addis,  politician  and  lawyer,  584, 
1  a.  John  Patton,  American  physician,  1  c. 
Emmetsburg ,  county  seat,  XIII.  29,  1  b. 
Emmett,  county,  VI.  584. 

Emmettsburg,  town  of  Maryland,  VI.  584. 

Mount  St.  Mary’s  college,  2  a. 

Emmons,  Nathanael,  American  theologian,  VI. 

584.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  815,  2  b. 
Referred  to,  XIII.  447,  1  b  (Philosophy). 

Em'ory ,  county  seat,  XIV.  189,  1  c. 


Emory,  John,  American  bishop,  VI.  584. 

Robert,  clergyman,  585,  1  a. 

Empedocles  [em-ped'-o-kleez],  Greek  philoso¬ 
pher,  VI.  585.  Theory  of  the  origin  of  ani¬ 
mals,  VII.  10,  1  b.  See  Philosophy,  XIII. 
437,  1  c. 

Emperor,  title,  VI.  585.  Roman  emperors, 
2  b  ;  Frankish,  2  c  ;  German,  586,  1  a. 
Contests  with  the  popes,  ib.  Capitulation 
signed  at  their  coronation,  1  b.  Other  em¬ 
perors,  1  c. 

Emphyse'ma,  diseased  condition,  VI.  586 ;  III. 
311,  2  a.  Traumatic,  VI.  586,  2  b;  spon¬ 
taneous,  587,  1  ab ;  pulmonary,  1  b,  and 
VIII.  564,  1  a. 

Empire  City ,  county  seat,  V.  311,  2  be. 
Empoli  [em'-po-le],  town  of  Italy,  VI.  588. 
Emporia ,  county  seat,  X.  755,  1  b. 

Emporium ,  county  seat,  III.  655,  1  a. 
Emprosthot1 onos,  disease,  XV.  666,  2  a. 
Empyr’eal  air ,  XII.  769,  lb  (Oxygen). 

Ems  [Ger.  erace],  river  of  Prussia,  VI.  588. 
Ems,  town  and  watering  place,  VI.  588. 
Emser,  Hieronymus  [em'-zer],  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  VI.  588. 

E'mu,  bird,  VI.  588  (ill.). 

Emulsine  [e-mul'-sin],  its  action  upon  salicine 
and  amygdaline,  VII.  145,  2  a. 

Emulsion  process,  in  photography,  XIII.  471,  2  c. 
Emydoi'dce  (zoology),  XV.  661,  1  b;  811,  1  c. 
Emys  (zoology),  XV.  811,  2  ab.  E.  meleagris, 
812,  1  b.  E.  serrata,  661,  1  c.  E.  Florida- 
na,  2  ab.  E.  reticulata,  2  c.  E.  terrapin, 
662,  1  a. 

Enaliosaurians,  fossil  marine  reptiles,  VI. 

589.  Referred  to,  XIV.  741,  1  a. 

Enamel ,  vitreous  substance,  VI.  589,  1  c. 
Enamel  of  the  teeth ,  XV.  606,  1  c. 

Enamelled  leather ,  X.  276,  1  c. 

Enamelling,  VI.  589.  Painting  in  enamel, 

590,  1  a ;  591,  2  a.  Preparation  of  enamel  in 
the  ordinary  processes,  590,  1  be;  in  manu¬ 
facture  of  enamelled  earthenware,  2  b.  En¬ 
amelling  cast  iron,  2  c ;  the  Messrs.  Clarkes’ 
process,  591, 1  a.  Enamelling  of  slates,  1  be. 

Encaustic,  method  of  fixing  colors  by  burning 
in,  VI.  591.  Encaustic  tiles,  2  c. 

Enceinte  [ang-sanet],  of  a  fortification,  VII.  329, 
2  c;  of  Paris,  XIII.  79,  1  ab. 

Enceph! ala  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  1  ab. 
Encephalon ,  ganglion,  XII.  235,  1  a. 
Encephalop' athy ,  lead ,  disease,  X.  247,  2  be. 
Enchelia  [en-ke'-le-a],  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 
Enchon' droma,  tumor,  IV.  42,  1  c. 


292 


ENCISO 


ENGLAND 


Enciso  [ain-the'-so],  Spanish  explorer,  referred 
to,  II.  236,  1  c. 

Encke,  Johann  Franz  [enk'-keh],  German  as¬ 
tronomer,  YI.  592.  Encke’s  comet,  1  be. 
Enco'mia ,  panegyrics,  XIII.  521,  2  c. 
En'crinite,  fossil,  YI.  592  (ill.,  593).  Wheel 
stones  and  St.  Cuthbert’s  beads,  593,  1  c. 
Encyclopaedia:  see  Cyclopaedia. 
Encyclopedists ,  French  literati,  Y.  609,  1  c. 
Encyclopedic  [ang-se-kluh-pa-de],  French,  Y. 
609,  1  be. 

Ende  [en-da'j :  see  Flores,  Malay  island. 
Ender,  Johann  Nepomuk,  Austrian  painter, 
YI.  593. 

Enderby  islets,  II.  102,  2  b. 

Endicott,  John,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
YI.  593 ;  XIY.  562,  2  c. 

Endive ,  wild  [en'-div] :  see  Chiccory. 
Endlicher,  Stephan  Ladislaus  [ent'-le-Tier], 
Hungarian  botanist  and  linguist,  YI.  593. 
His  botanical  system,  III.  135,  1  a. 
Endocardi’tis ,  heart  disease,  YIII.  560,  2  b; 
561,  2  b,  if. 

Endocar' dium,  internal  membrane  of  the  heart, 
YIII.  558,  1  a;  560,  2  b. 

Endogens,  class  of  plants,  YI.  594.  See  Plant, 
XIII.  580,  2  be. 

Endor,  town  of  Palestine,  YI.  594. 

Endorse ' ,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  1  b. 
Endorsement :  see  Indorsement. 

Endosmose',  osmotic  force,  YI.  594;  1. 194, 1  b. 
Discovery  of,  YI.  333,  1  c  (endosmosis)  ; 
595,  1  a. 

Endosmo'sis :  see  Endosmose  (Index). 
Endosperm ,  albumen  of  plants,  XIII.  575,  2  c. 
Endosti'tis ,  disease,  XII.  724,  1  a. 

Eidowment  insurance  policy ,  X.  432,  1  ab; 
434,  2  ab. 

Endym'ion,  in  Greek  legend,  YI.  595. 

En  echelon  [ang  naish-long],  cavalry  charge,  IY. 
151,  2  c. 

Energy ,  potential,  Y.  379,  2  ab ;  actual,  2  be. 
Enfantin,  Barthelemy  Prosper  [ang-fang-tang], 
French  socialist,  YI.  595. 

Enfants  de  la  patrie  [ang-fang  dub  la  pa-tre], 
French  foundlings,  VII.  348,  2  a. 

Enfeoff  [en-fef '] :  see  Deed,  Y.  755,  1  a. 
En'field,  town  of  Connecticut,  YI.  596. 
Enfield,  town  of  England,  YI.  596. 

Enfield,  William,  English  theologian,  YI.  596. 
Enfield  rifle,  YI.  596,  2  a;  XII.  100,  1  a; 

XIY.  '333,  2  a.  Allusion  to,  I.  750,  2  be. 
Engadine,  or  Engadin  [en-ga-deen'J,  valley  in 
Switzerland,  YI.  596. 


Engagement ,  in  fencing,  VII.  120,  2  c. 
Engelhard ,  Daniel  [eng'-el-liart],  gem  engraver, 
VII.  664,  1  a. 

Engelmann  [eng'-el-man],  (Gottfried,  1788- 
1839,  German  lithographer  in  Paris),  re¬ 
ferred  to,  X.  527,  2  b. 

Enghien,  Louis  Antoine  Henri  de  Bourbon, 
duke  d’  [dang-gya"g],  YI.  597.  Execution  of, 
2  a ;  III.  41,  2  ab.  Officer  in  charge  of  the 
execution,  XIY.  646,  2  b.  Blame  thrown 
upon  Talleyrand,  2  c.  Fouche’s  opposition, 
VII.  345,  1  ab. 

England,  YI.  597.  (Map.)  Great  seal  (ill.). 
Divisions  and  population,- 598,  1  a.  Rivers 
and  lakes,  2  a.  Coast,  2  b.  Mountains,  599, 

1  a.  Geological  formations,  1  c.  Coal  fields, 

2  c.  Minerals,  600,  2  a.  Climate,  2  c;  cause 
of  the  mild  winter  temperature,  I.  148,  1  a. 
Soil,  YI.  601,  1  b.  Flora,  1  be.  Fauna,  1  c. 
Agriculture,  2  a.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Com¬ 
merce,  602,  1  c.  Internal  communication, 
603,  2  b.  Post  office  and  telegraph,  2  c. 
Public  institutions,  604, 1  a.  Education,  1  b. 
Religion,  605,  1  a.  Government,  1  b.  Fi¬ 
nances,  ib.  Array  and  navy,  2  b.  Judicial 
system,  2  c.  History,  606,  2  a.  Roman  period, 
ib. ;  Saxon,  2  c ;  Norman,  607,  2  ab ;  Plan- 
tagenets,  608,  1  a ;  house  of  Lancaster,  609, 
2  b ;  house  of  York,  610,  2  a ;  house  of  Tu¬ 
dor,  611,  1  b;  house  of  Stuart,  612,  2  b; 
the  commonwealth,  613,  2  b ;  the  restora¬ 
tion,  2  c ;  revolution,  615,  1  c ;  house  of 
Orange,  616,  1  b;  house  of  Hanover,  1  c. 
English  constitution,  620,  1  ab. 

England ,  bank  of,  II.  274,  1  b.  Public  debt  in 
its  hands,  2  c. 

England,  Church  of,  YI.  626.  Rejection  of 
papal  supremacy  by  Henry  YIII.,  627,  2  a. 
Changes  under  Edward  YI.,  2  c ;  under 
Elizabeth,  628,  1  b.  Lambeth  Articles,  1  c. 
Act  of  uniformity,  2  a.  Nonjurors,  2  ab. 
Toleration  act,  ib.  Puseyism,  2  b.  Broad 
churchmen,  2  c.  Organization,  revenues, 
and  expenditures,  629,  1  a. — Benefices,  right 
of  presentation  to,  I.  140, 1  b.  Convocation, 
house  of,  restriction  of  its  jurisdiction,  YI. 

628,  2  b ;  YIII.  747,  2  b. 

England,  Language  and  Literature  of,  YI. 

629.  The  language,  Celtic  element  of,  630, 

1  a ;  Latin,  1  ab ;  Anglo-Saxon,  1  c  ;  Danish, 

2  b;  Anglo-Norman,  2  c;  others,  631,  1  b. 
Literature,  2  c.  Cymric,  ib. ;  Latin  and 
Anglo-Saxon,  632, 1  a ;  Anglo-Norman,  2  ab  ; 
commencement  of  English,  2  c.  British 


ENGLAND 


ENTOMOLOGY 


293 


drama,  634,  1  b.  Period  of  the  old  English 
authors,  2  c.  Puritan  age,  636,  2  ab.  Eng¬ 
lish  prose,  637,  1  be  ;  old  English,  2  b.  Reign 
of  Anne,  639,  1  c.  Drama  of  the  18th  cen¬ 
tury,  2  b ;  prose,  2  c ;  fiction,  642,  1  a. 
From  the  French  revolution,  2  ab ;  poetry, 
2  b ;  drama,  644,  2  a ;  fiction,  2  b  ;  history, 
645,  1  c ;  science,  theology,  &c.,  2  c. 

England,  John,  American  Roman  Catholic 
bishop,  VI.  647. 

Englanderhubel  [eng'-len-der-hii-bel],  mound 
in  Switzerland,  III.  502,  1  c. 

English,  George  Bethune,  American  author 
and  adventurer,  VI.  647. 

English,  Thomas  Dunn,  author,  VI.  647. 

English  alphabet ,  origin  of,  I.  348,  2  b ;  349, 
2  b.  Classification,  349,  2  c ;  defects,  350, 
1  a ;  historical  arrangement,  1  b. 

English  bond ,  in  bricklaying,  III.  269,  1  b,  2  a 
(ill.). 

English  Channel,  VI.  648. 

English  grass  (red-top),  VIII.  167,  2  c. 

English  malady ,  so-styled,  IV.  395,  2  ab. 
Treatise  on,  ib. 

English  red :  see  Rouge,  XIV.  449,  1  c. 

English  river  :  see  Churchill  River. 

“  Englishman’s  house  is  his  castle ,”  origin  of 
the  apothegm,  VII.  181,  2  ab. 

Engrafting  :  see  Grafting. 

Engrailed  line ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  a  (ill.). 

Engraulis  (ichthyology),  I.  467,  1  c  (ill.). 

Engravers ,  the  earliest,  VI.  649,  1  a;  cele¬ 
brated,  1  b,  tf. 

Engravers ,  gem ,  most  celebrated,  VII.  663,  2  c. 

Engraving,  VI.  648.  History  of  the  art,  1  b. 
Xylography,  or  wood  engraving,  650,  2  ab ; 
tools,  651,  1  b  (ills.).  Plate  engraving,  1  be; 
tools,  2  a  (ill.).  Etching,  painters’,  2  b ;  en¬ 
gravers’,  652,  1  c.  Line  engraving,  2  ab; 
stipple,  2  be ;  mezzotint,  653,  1  a ;  aquatint, 
1  be.  Engraving  on  steel,  2  b  ;  Perkins’s 
transferring  process,  2  be.  Bank-note  en¬ 
graving,  2  c.  American  bank-note  engra¬ 
vers,  655,  1  a.  Printing  of  bank  notes,  2  c. 
Engraving  on  stone,  X.  527,  1  b. 

Enhydra  marina  (zoology),  XII.  736,  2  a  (ill.). 

Enicog'nathus  (ornithology),  X.  770,  2  c. 

Enkhuisen  [enk'-hoi-zen],  town  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  VI.  656. 

Enlightened  doctor ,  the,  X.  713,  1  a. 

En  muraille  [ang  mu-ray ’],  cavalry  charge,  IV. 
151,  2  c. 

Enna,  ancient  city :  see  Castrogioyanni. 

Enneacrunus ,  fountain:  see  Callirrhoe. 


Ennemoser,  Joseph  [en'-nSh-mo-zer],  German 
physiologist,  VI.  656. 

Ennis,  borough  of  Ireland,  VI.  656. 

Ennisoorthy,  town  of  Ireland,  VI.  656. 

Enniskillen,  town  of  Ireland,  VI.  656.  Regi¬ 
ment  of,  2  c. 

Ennius,  Quintus,  Roman  poet,  VI.  656 ;  X. 
193,  1  c. 

Enns  [Ger.  ence],  river  of  Austria,  VI.  657. 

Enns,  town  of  Austria,  VI.  657. 

Ennseck ,  castle  of,  VI.  657,  2  a. 

Enoch,  Hebrew  patriarch,  VI.  657.  Book  of, 
2  b. 

\ 

Enosto'sis ,  tumor  in  bone,  VII.  32,  1  c. 

Enrages ,  the  [ang-ra-zha],  French  revolutionary 
party,  VII.  389,  1  b ;  VIII.  582,  2  a. 

Enriquez  Gomez,  Antonio  [ain-re'-kaith  go'- 
maith],  Spanish  dramatist,  VI.  657. 

Enriquez  de  Paz :  see  Enriquez  Gomez. 

Ens :  see  Enns  (river  and  town). 

Ens  creat  existentias ,  III.  349,  2  c  (Brownson). 

Ensete  [en-sa'-ta],  plant,  IX.  731,  2  b. 

Ensign ,  military  officer,  X.  419,  2  ab.  Stan¬ 
dard,  VII.  249,  1  b.  Origin  of  the  name, 
XIV.  856,  1  a. 

Ensinal',  county,  VI.  658. 

Ens  necessarium  et  reale ,  of  the  schoolmen,  I. 
34,  2  c. 

Entablature ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  b  ; 
Ionic,  657,  2  b ;  Corinthian,  2  c. 

Entoe'nia  sirta'lis  (zoology),  referred  to,  V. 
114,  2  b. 

En'tail,  VI.  658.  See  Estate,  and  Primo¬ 
geniture. 

En'tasis ,  in  architecture,  I.  656,  1  b.  Origina¬ 
tor  of  the  principle  applied  to  the  obelisk, 
II.  500,  2  a. 

Entelechy  [en-tel'-e-ke],  actual  being,  XIII.  438, 
1  c  (Philosophy). 

Entellus ,  monkey,  XI.  752,  2  be  (ill.). 

Enter' ic  fever,  VII.  167,  2  ab. 

Enteri'tis,  disease,  VI.  658.  Treatment,  2  a. 

Enterprise ,  county  seat,  XVI.  408,  1  c. 

Enterprise  and  Boxer,  fight  between  the,  III. 
477,  2  c  (Burroughs). 

Enterode’la,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b; 
516,  1  b. 

En'thymeme,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  c. 

Entius :  see  Enzio. 

Entomoi/ogy,  VI.  658.  Classification  of  Aris¬ 
totle,  2  b;  Swammerdam,  2  c;  Ray,  659, 
1  a ;  Reaumur,  1  b ;  Tinmens,  ib. ;  De  Geer, 
1  c;  Geoffroy,  2  c;  Fabricius,  ib. ;  Olivier, 
660,  1  b;  Latreille,  1  be;  Lamarck,  2  ab; 


294: 


ENTEROMORPHA 


EPIDAYRO 


Oken,  2  be ;  Leach,  2  c ;  Kirby  and  Spence, 
661,  1  a;  Macleay,  1  ab  (ill.);  Burmeister, 
2  a;  Westwood,  662,  1  a;  Stephens,  ib. ; 
Siebold,  1  b  ;  Agassiz,  1  c ;  Packard,  2  a ; 
Harris,  2  b.  Rank  of  insects  in  the  animal 
scale,  663,  1  c. 

Enter omor'pha  (botany),  VII.  248,  1  b  (ill., 
E.  electa). 

Entomos'traca,  crustaceans,  VI.  663.  Sub¬ 
divisions  of,  V.  532,  2  be. 

En'topiiytes  :  see  Epiphytes. 

Entozo'a,  internal  parasites,  VI.  663.  Tape¬ 
worms,  2  c  (ills.,  664-666).  Isolated  flat 
worms,  667,  1  a  (ills.).  Hooked  worms, 
668,  1  a.  Round  worms,  1  ab  (ills.,  668- 
670).  Guinea  thread  worm,  670, 1  a.  Med¬ 
ical  treatment,  2  a. 

Enteagues,  Catherine  Henriette  de  Balzac  d’ 
[dang-trag],  marchioness  de  Verneuil,  mis¬ 
tress  of  Henry  IV.,  VI.  671. 

Entrecasteaux,  Joseph  Antoine  Bruni  d’ 
[dang-truh-kas-to],  French  navigator,  VI.  671. 

Entre  Dotjeo  e  Minho  :  see  Minho. 

Entremet  [ang-truh-ma],  dramatic  performance, 
VI.  246,  1  ab. 

Entre-Rios  [ain'-tra-re'-oce],  Argentine  prov¬ 
ince,  VI.  671. 

Entry ,  writ  of :  see  Disseisin,  VI.  139,  1  ab. 

Envermeu  [ang-vair-muh],  town  of  France,  VI. 
672. 

Enyo  (Bellona),  temple  of,  V.  131,  2  c. 

En'zio,  son  of  Frederick  II.  of  Germany,  war¬ 
rior,  VI.  672. 

E'ocene,  geological  epoch,  VI.  672. 

E'olis  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Eon  de  Beaumont,  Charles  Genevieve  Louis 
Auguste  Andr6  Timothee  d’  [da-ong  dull  bo- 
mong],  French  diplomatist,  VI.  673. 

Eoph’yton,  fossil,  VI.  674,  2  b.  E.  Linnasa- 
num,  2  c.  See  Fossil  Footprints,  VII.  342, 
2  c. 

Eos :  see  Aurora. 

Eospongia ,  fossil  sponge,  XV.  282,  2  b. 

Eostre :  see  Ostera  (Index). 

Eotvos,  Josef,  baron  [ot'-vosh],  Hungarian  au¬ 
thor  and  statesman,  VI.  674. 

Eozo’ic  rocks ,  VII.  695,  1  c. 

Eozoon,  fossil  animal,  VI.  674 ;  VII.  311,  2  ab. 

E'pact,  in  the  calendar,  VI.  674.  Use,  675, 1  a. 

Epaminon'das,  Theban  statesman  and  general, 
VI.  675. 

Epanomeeia  [a-pa-no-ma-re'-a],  town  of 
Greece,  VI.  676. 

Epee,  Charles  Michel,  abb6  de  V  [la-pa],  French 


instructor  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  VI.  676 ; 
V.  733,  2  a. 

Epeira  [ep-e-I'-ra],  (entomology),  XV.  266, 
1  be.  E.  vulgaris,  1  c  (ill.). 

Eperies  [a-pa'-re-ess],  (Hung.  Eperjes ,  ep'-er- 
yesh),  town  of  Hungary,  VI.  676. 

Rpernay  [a-pair-na],  town  of  France,  VI.  676. 
E'phah,  Hebrew  measure,  VI.  677. 

Ephectics ,  philosophic  sect,  XIV.  118,  2  b. 
Ephem'era  (entomology),  VI.  677 ;  XI.  302, 
1  c  (ill.).  Age  of,  I.  183,  1  a.  E.  albi  pen- 
nis,  VI.  677,  1  c ;  XI.  302,  2  a. 

Ephe'sian  letters ,  magical  charms,  VI.  678,  2  a. 
Ephesians,  Epistle  to  the,  VI.  677. 

Eph'esus,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  VI.  677. 
Temple  of,  678,  1  a,  c ;  burning  of :  see 
Erosteatus.  Statue  of  Diana,  1  c.  Dis¬ 
coveries  at,  2  c.  Remains  of  amphitheatre 
(ill.).  Grotto  of  the  seven  sleepers,  679, 

1  b. 

Ephial’tes ,  mythical,  I.  347,  1  c. 

Epihialtes  (ornithology),  XII.  753,  1  c. 
Ephialtes ,  Athenian  leader,  XIII.  292,  2  a. 
Eph'od,  worn  by  Hebrew  priests,  VI.  679. 
Ephoes,  Spartan  magistrates,  VI.  679 ;  XV. 
232,  1  a. 

Ephraem  palimpsest  [e'-fra-em],  XI.  133,  1  be. 
Epkraem ,  St. :  see  Ephraem  Syrits  (Index). 
Ephraem  Syrus,  Syrian  theologian,  VI.  679 ; 
XV.  548,  2  a.  Liturgy  modified  by,  XI. 
183,  2  c. 

Ephraim,  son  of  Joseph,  VI.  680.  Tribe  of,  ib. 
Ephraim,  as  name  of  a  kingdom,  VIII.  587, 

2  a.  Ephraim  and  Manassah,  ib. 

Ephraim ,  a  depreciated  coin,  V.  390,  1  c. 
Eph'yra ,  jelly  fish,  IX.  602,  1  a  (ill.,  601). 
Epicharmhs  [ep-e-kar'-mus],  Greek  dramatic 

poet,  VI.  680. 

Epic  language  of  Greece ,  origin  of,  VIII.  704, 2  a. 
Epicte'tus,  Stoic  philosopher,  VI.  680.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  809,  2  c ;  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  438,  2  c. 

Epicureanism :  see  Epicurus  (Index). 
Epicu'rus,  Greek  philosopher,  VI.  680.  His 
doctrines,  681,  1  a.  Revival  of  the  atomic 
theory  of  Democritus,  1  b.  See  Philosophy, 
XIII.  438,  2  ab ;  Moral  Philosophy,  XI. 
810,  1  a-c. 

Epidamnus  :  see  Dyrrhachium. 

Epidaurus,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  VI.  681. 
Temple  of  iEsculapius,  and  its  inscription, 
2  c ;  I.  152,  2  b.  Roman  embassies  to,  and 
introduction  of  his  worship  into  Rome,  ib. 
Epidavro :  see  Epidaurus. 


EPIDEMIC 


EQUINOX 


293 


Epidemic  Diseases,  VI.  682.  now  differing 
from  endemic,  1  ab,  and  b. 

Epidemic  erysipelas ,  VII.  169,  2  b. 

Epidendron  elongatum  (botany),  referred  to,  I. 
219,  1  a. 

Epidermal  tissue ,  XIII.  581,  1  a. 

Epidermis,  VI.  682.  Its  relations  to  complex¬ 
ion,  V.  189,  1  c;  191,  2  a,  ff.  See  Leather, 
X.  273,  1  c. 

Epidermis  of  plants,  XIII.  580,  1  a ;  581,  1  a. 
See  BxVrk,  II.  313,  2  c ;  Leaf,  X.  265,  1  ab. 

Epigastrium ,  I.  15,  1  c  (Abdomen). 

Epig'oni,  in  Greek  legend,  VI.  682  ;  1. 131, 1  b. 
Referred  to,  I.  438,  2  c. 

Epigram,  poem,  XI.  206,  1  c. 

Ep'ilepsy,  VI.  682.  Character,  2  c.  Causes, 
683,  1  a.  Premonitions  of  a  fit,  683,  2  a; 
aura  epileptica,  ib. ;  its  progress,  2  b.  Epi¬ 
leptic  vertigo,  684,  1  b.  Nature  of  epilepsy, 
1  c ;  Marshall  Hall’s  theory,  ib. ;  Brown-Se- 
quard’s,  2  a.  Treatment,  685,  1  ab. 

Epileptic  insanity,  IX.  305,  2  c. 

Epimachidce  [ep-e-mak'-e-de],  (ornithology), 
II.  651,  2  c. 

Epim'achus  mag'nus  (ornithology),  II.  651,  2  c 

(in.). 

Epimanes  [e-pim'-a-neez],  sobriquet  of  Antio- 
chus  IV.,  I.  569,  1  c. 

Epimenides  [ep-e-men'-e-deez],  Cretan  poet 
and  hero,  VI.  685.  Referred  to,  II.  55,  1  b. 

Epimetheus  [ep-e-me'-thuce],  in  Greek  mythol¬ 
ogy,  XIII.  37,  1  c. 

Spinal  [a-pe-nal],  town  of  France,  VI.  685. 

Epinay,  Louise  Florence  P6tronille  de  la  Live  d’ 
[da-pe-na],  French  authoress,  VI.  685. 

Epinicia ,  Pindar’s  odes,  XIII.  521,  2  c. 

Epior'nis,  fossil  bird,  VI.  685.  E.  magnus,  2  b. 
Egg  of,  ib.,  and  451,  2  a. 

Epiphani'a,  ancient  city,  VIII.  409,  1  a. 

Epip'olic  dispersion,  of  rays,  VII.  290,  1  a. 

Epipha'nitts,  Saint,  VI.  685. 

Epiph'any,  feast  of,  VI.  686. 

Epiphyses  [e-pif'-e-seez],  in  bone,  III.  60,  1  c. 

Ep'iphytes,  vegetable  parasites,  VI.  686.  Dis¬ 
tinguished  from  entophytes,  2  a.  Pityriasis 
versicolor,  687,  1  be  (ill.),  689,  2  a.  Fungi, 
687,  2  a.  Oidium  albicans,  688,  1  b  (ill.), 
and  2  b.  Resulting  diseases,  2  b.  Merismo- 
paodia  ventriculi,  2  c  (ill.).  Leptothrix  buc- 
calis,  689,  1  ab  (ill.).  Achorion  Schoenleinii, 
1  b  (ill.).  Tricophyton  tonsurans,  2  a  (ill.). 
Botrytis  Bassiana,  690,  1  a.  B.  infestans,  in 
the  potato  disease,  687,  2  c. 

Epip'loon,  in  anatomy,  XIII.  302,  2  a. 


Epi'rus,  province  of  ancient  Greece,  VI.  690. 

Kings  of,  1  c.  Later  history,  2  a. 

Episcopal  CnuRCH,  Protestant,  VI.  690.  Modi¬ 
fications  of  the  English  prayer  book,  691, 1  be. 
Relation  to  other  denominations,  692,  1  a. 
Government,  1  b.  Statistics,  2  a.  See  Chris¬ 
tianity,  IV.  543,  1  b. 

Episco'pius,  Simon,  Dutch  theologian,  VI.  692  ; 
I.  729,  1  a. 

Epis'toLxE  Obscuro'rum  Viro'rttm,  VI.  693. 
Epistoloe  Nov80  Obscurorum  Virorum  (satire 
on  the  German  parliament),  1  c. 

Epistles,  pastoral:  see  Timothy,  Epistles  to. 
Epistolary :  see  Missal,  XI.  635,  2  c. 
Epitlialamia  Exoticis  Linguis  Eeddita,  in  al¬ 
phabets  of  100  languages,  II.  773,  2  c. 
Epithelium  (anatomy),  VI.  693.  Tessellated 
or  pavement  epithelium,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  columnar, 
ib. ;  ciliated,  2  c ;  ciliated  columnar  (ill.),  2  b. 
Epizo'a,  external  parasites,  VI.  693.  Crusta¬ 
cea,  694,  1  ab.  Arachnida,  2  a.  Skin  mite, 
2  c  (ill.).  Bird  mites,  695,  2  a  (ill.).  Red 
mite,  2  b  (ill.).  Insecta,  695,  2  c.  Head 
louse,  ib.  (ill.,  696).  Phthirius  pubis  or  in- 
guinalis,  696,  2  a  (ill.).  Bedbug,  2  c  (ill.). 
Flea,  697,  1  ab  (ill.).  Parasitic  larvae,  2  a. 
Parasites  on  quadrupeds,  2  b.  CEstrus  bovis, 
2  c  (ill.,  698).  Lice  on  birds,  698,  1  a.  In¬ 
sects  on  other  insects,  1  ab. 

Epizootic  diseases  [ep-e-zo-ot'-ik],  XII.  58,  2  c, 
ff.;  XVI.  331,  2  b. 

Ep'ochs ,  in  chronology,  IV.  557,  1  c,  ff. 

Epode,  of  the  Greek  chorus,  IV.  518,  1  c. 
Epon'ymus,  archon,  I.  666,  2  c ;  II.  54,  2  c. 
Epore'dia :  see  Ivrea. 

Eprouvette  mortar  [a-proo-vet'J,  for  life  saving, 
X.  422,  1  b. 

Epsom,  town  of  England,  VI.  698.  Races,  2  a. 
Epsom  Salt,  VI.  698.  Medical  use  of,  699, 1  a. 
Equalizers,  in  locomotives,  XV.  338,  2  a. 
Equal  temperament,  in  music,  I.  70,  2  a;  XII. 
79,  1  b. 

Equation,  chemical,  XV.  538,  2  c. 

Equation  of  the  elastic  curve,  VI.  488,  1  a. 
Equation  of  time,  V.  722,  1  c. 

Equator,  VI.  699.  Magnetic  equator,  I.  67,  1  c. 
Equatorial  calms,  belt  of,  XII.  781,  2  a. 
Equatorial  current ,  oceanic,  II.  73,  1  a;  74, 1  a. 
Equilibrium,  in  mechanics,  XI.  322,  2  b  (ill.). 
Equine  gymnastics,  Baucher’s  system  of,  II. 
394,  2  a. 

Equinoctial:  see  Equator,  VI.  699, 1  c.  Equi¬ 
noctial  points  and  equinoctial  colure,  ib. 
Equinox  :  see  Equator,  and  Seasons. 


296 


EQUISETUM 


ERIE 


Equise'tum  (botany),  VIII.  831,  2  c.  E.  ar- 
vense,  832,  1  b  (ill.).  E.  robustum,  2  a. 

Equitable ,  the ,  life  insurance  society  of  Eng¬ 
land,  X.  425,  1  c,  ff.;  426,  2  b. 

Equitable  pioneers'  society ,  of  Rocbdale,  Eng¬ 
land,  XIV.  363,  1  c ;  XV.  142,  2  ab. 

Equites  [ek'-we-teez],  Roman  knights,  VI.  699. 

Equity,  in  law,  VI.  699.  English  equity  sys¬ 
tem,  700,  1  c.  Courts  of  equity,  province 
of,  IX.  281,  2  ab. 

Equity  of  Redemption  :  see  Mortgage. 

Equivalent,  Chemical,  VI.  700.  Table  of 
equivalents,  701. 

Equivalent  proportions ,  law  of,  II.  86,  1  b. 

Equivocation ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  2  b. 

Equuleus  [e-kwu'-le-us],  instrument  of  torture, 
XV.  815,  1  a. 

EquiLS  [e'-kwus],  (zoology),  VIII.  824,  2  c. 
E.  caballus,  827,  1  ab.  E.  asinus,  II.  22, 

1  b.  E.  hemionus,  1  c. 

Era  of  good  feeling ,  under  Monroe,  XI.  763, 1  a. 

Eran’tlds  hyema'lis  (botany),  I.  68,  2  c. 

£raed,  Sebastien  [a-rar],  French  manufacturer 
of  musical  instruments,  VI.  702.  Jean  Bap¬ 
tiste  Orph6e  Pierre,  1  c. 

Erased ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  c. 

Erasmus,  Desiderius,  Dutch  scholar,  VI.  702. 
Controversy  with  Reuchlin  on  Greek  pronun¬ 
ciation,  703,  1  ab.  Relation  to  Luther  and 
the  reformation,  1  b.  Person  and  character, 

2  ab.  Publications,  2  c.  Correspondence 
with  Paracelsus  referred  to,  XIII.  61,  1  c. 

Erastianism  :  see  Erastus,  Thomas. 

Erastus,  Thomas,  Swiss  physician  and  polemic, 
VI.  704. 

E'ratii,  county,  VI.  704. 

Era 'to,  in  Greek  mythology,  VI.  704. 

Eratosthenes  [er-a-tos'-the-neez],  Greek  schol¬ 
ar,  VI.  704.  His  work  on  universal  chro¬ 
nology,  VI.  458,  2  c.  First  scientific  work 
on  geography,  VII.  683,  2  b. 

Erbium,  metal,  VI.  704.  Salts  of,  705,  1  ab. 

Ercilla  y  ZltSiga,  Alonso  de  [air-the'-lya  e 
thoo'-nye-ga],  Spanish  poet,  VI.  705.  La 
Araucana,  1  c;  XV.  222,  1  a. 

ERCKMANN-CnATRiAN  [airk-man-shat-re-ane], 
French  novelists,  VI.  705.  Emile  Erck- 
mann,  2  a.  Alexandre  Chatrian,  ib. 

Erdebil:  see  Ardabil. 

Erdmann,  Johann  Eduard  [airt'-man],  German 
philosopher,  VI.  706. 

Erdmann,  Otto  Linne,  German  chemist,  VI. 
706. 

Er'ebus,  in  mythology,  VI.  706. 


Erechtheum  [er-ek-the'-um],  temple  in  Athens, 
II.  54,  2  b ;  62,  1  c  (ills.,  portico  and  ruins 
of)  ;  VI.  706,  2  b.  See  Erechtheus. 

Erechtiieus  [e-rek'-thuce],  fabulous  hero  of 
Attica,  VI.  706.  The  second  Erechtheus, 
2  b;  third,  ib. 

Erector ,  of  a  microscope,  XI.  521,  1  b. 

Eregli  [er-eg'-le],  seaport,  Asia  Minor,  VI.  706. 

EreMi :  see  Eregli. 

Eremaoau'sis,  chemical,  VI.  707. 

Eremoph'ila  (ornithology),  X.  172,  2  b.  E.  al- 
pestris,  ib.  (ill.). 

Erethi'zon  (zoology),  XIII.  716,  1  a.  E.  dor- 
satus,  1  c  (ill.).  E.  epixanthus,  2  b. 

Eretmoclie'lys  imbrica'ta  (zoology),  XVI.  80, 
2  be  (ill.).  E.  squamata,  81,  2  a. 

Ere'tria,  ancient  city  of  Euboea,  VI.  707. 

Ereuthed'  anon  (madder),  X.  815,  2  be. 

Erfurt  [air'-foort],  city  of  Prussia,  VI.  707. 
Cathedral,  2  c  (ill.,  708).  Luther’s  residence 
(convent),  708,  1  a.  Congress  of,  1  c. 

Ergas'tula ,  Roman  prisons,  XIV.  6,  1  c. 

Ergot,  diseased  grain,  VI.  708  ;  VII.  529,  2  b. 
Spurred  rye,  VI.  708,  1  c  (ill.).  Medicinal 
use,  2  ab  ;  VII.  531,  1  a. 

Ergotine  [er'-go-tin],  extract,  VI.  708,  2  b. 

Ergotism ,  disease,  VI.  709,  1  a. 

Eri  [a'-re],  native  name  of  Ireland,  IX.  355, 2  b. 

Erian'thus  Raven' nee  (botany),  VIII.  169,  1  c. 

Eric  [er'-ik],  blood  money  (Irish),  II.  738,  1  c. 

Eric  IX.,  king  of  Sweden  (St.  Eric),  VI.  709. 

Eric  XIV.,  king  of  Sweden,  VI.  709.  Mar¬ 
riage  with  a  fruit  girl,  2  a.  His  madness, 
2  be.  Referred  to,  IV.  302,  2  c. 

Eric  the  Red ,  Norwegian  navigator,  VIII.  234, 
2  be. 

Er'ica  (botany),  VIII.  579,  2  b.  E.  vulgaris, 
580,  1  b  (ill.).  E.  cinerea,  2  b  (ill.),  &c. 

Ericapce'os ,  in  the  Orphic  cosmogony,  XH. 
711,  1  ab. 

Erichtho' nius :  see  Erechtheus. 

Ericsford ,  town  of  Greenland,  VIII.  234,  2  c. 

Ericsson,  John,  Swedish  engineer  and  physi¬ 
cist,  VI.  709.  His  steam  boiler,  2  c ;  loco¬ 
motive,  710,  1  a;  caloric  engine,  1  ab  (see 
Caloric  Engine);  other  inventions,  1  b*, 
monitors,  2  ab. — Nils,  his  brother,  2  b. 

Erid'anus,  river,  VI.  710. 

Erie,  three  counties,  VI.  710. 

Erie,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  VI.  711. 

Erie ,  county  seat,  XII.  225,  2  ab. 

Erie,  Lake,  VI.  712.  Depths,  2  a.  Harbors, 
2  c.  Navigation  and  commerce,  713,  1  ab. 

Erie,  Lake,  Battle  of,  VI.  713. 


ERIE 


ESCAPEMENT 


297 


Erie  Canal  :  see  Canal,  III.  685,  1  a.  Rate 
of  towage,  682,  2  be.  Proposed  use  of  steam 
power,  ib. 

Eries,  tribe  of  Indians,  VI.  714. 

Erigena  [e-rij'-e-na],  John  Scotus,  scholastic 
philosopher, VI.  714.  See  Philosophy,  XIII. 
439,  1  c. 

Erigeron  [e-rij'-e-ron],  (botany),  VII.  265,  2  c. 
E.  annuum,  266,  1  a.  E.  Philadelphicum, 
ib.  E.  Canadense,  ib. 

E'rin  [Irish,  a'-rin],  native  name  of  Ireland, 
IX.  355,  2  b. 

Erina'ceus  (zoology),  VIII.  605,  1  c.  E.  Eu- 
ropaeus,  2  ab  (ill.).  E.  auritus,  606,  1  ab. 

Erinnyes  [e-rin'-ne-eez] :  see  Eumenides. 

Eriobot'rya  Japon'ica  (botany),  XI.  356,  1  ab. 

Eriphyle  [e-rif'-e-le],  wife  of  Amphiaraus,  I. 
263,  2  a;  435,  1  c. 

Erivan',  government  of  Russia,  VI.  714.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  2  c  ;  view,  715. 

ErivansJci ,  surname  of  Paskevitch,  VI.  715, 1  b. 

Erjish  Dagh :  see  Arjish. 

Erlangen  [air'-lang-en],  town  of  Bavaria,  VI. 
715.  Erlangen  school  of  theology,  V.  782,  2  b. 

Erlatt  [air'-low],  town  of  Hungary,  VI.  715. 

Erman,  Paul  [air'-man],  German  physicist,  VI. 
715.  Georg  Adolf,  physicist,  2  c  (died  1877). 

Ermeland  [air'-meh-lant],  territory  of  Prussia, 
VI.  716. 

Ermenfroi ,  papal  legate  to  England,  I.  279,  1  b. 

Ermine  [er'-min],  animal,  VI.  716  (ills.).  Fur 
of,  VII.  537,  1  b. 

Ermine ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  ab. 

Erminois  [er-me-noi';  old  Fr.  air-me-na],  in 
heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  ab. 

Erne,  Lough  [lokh  urn],  lake  of  Ireland,  VI. 
717.  River,  2  a. 

Ernest  Augustus,  king  of  Hanover,  VI.  717. 

Ernesti,  Johann  August  [air-nes'-te],  German 
philologist,  VI.  718.  His  services  to  classi¬ 
cal  learning,  X.  191,  2  b.  August  Wilhelm, 
scholar,  VI.  718,  1  b. 

Ernst,  Heinrich  VTilhelm  [airnst],  German  vio¬ 
linist  and  composer,  VI.  718. 

Ernst ,  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
case  of,  I.  327,  1  a. 

Erodium  (botany),  VII.  733,  2  a.  E.  cicuta- 
nium,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Eros,  in  Greek  mythology,  VI.  718.  In  the 
Orphic  cosmogony,  XII.  711,  1  a. 

Eros'tratus,  incendiary  of  the  temple  of  Ephe¬ 
sus,  VI.  718. 

Erotem'ata ,  Greek  grammar,  IV.  561,  2  b. 

Erotia,  Erotidia ,  festival  of  Eros,  VI.  718,  2  c. 


Erpenius,  Thomas,  Dutch  orientalist,  VI.  719. 
Ersas :  see  Mordvins. 

Ersch,  Johann  Samuel  [airsh],  German  cyclo- 
paedist,  VI.  719. 

Erse  :  see  Celts,  Languages  and  Literature  of 
the,  IV.  177,  1  c,  and  VII.  552,  1  b. 
Erskine,  Ebenezer  [urs'-kin],  Scottish  theo¬ 
logian,  VI.  719.  Referred  to,  XIII.  811, 1  be. 
Erskine,  Thomas,  baron,  British  jurist  and 
statesman,  VI.  719. 

Eru ,  in  German  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Eruli :  see  Heruli. 

Ervalenta  Arabica ,  prepared  food,  X.  345,  1  b. 
Ervum  lens  (botany),  X.  344,  2  b  (ill.). 
Erymanthian  boar ,  hunt  of  the,  VIII.  679,  2  a. 
Erymanthus,  river  and  mountain,  VI.  720. 
Eryngium  yucccefolium  (botany),  XV.  131, 1  ab. 
Erysip'elas,  inflammatory  disease,  VI.  720. 
Idiopathic,  721,  1  a.  Phlegmonous,  1  c. 
Treatment,  1  be,  2  a.  E.  ambulans,  1  c.  Ma¬ 
lignant  erysipelas,  XII.  60,  1  c;  XIV.  99,  1  a. 
Erysiphe  [e-ris'-e-fe],  fungus,  VII.  531,  2  a, 
532,  1  b,  533,  1  b;  VIII.  164,  2  ab  ;  XI. 
534,  2  a,  535,  1  a.  E.  Martii,  ib. 
Erythaci'nce  (ornithology),  XIV.  359,  2  b. 
Eryth'acus  rubec’ula  (ornithology),  XIV.  359, 
2  c  (ill.,  360). 

Erythe'ma,  affection  of  the  skin,  VI.  721. 
Erythi'a ,  fabulous  island,  VIII.  679,  2  c.  i 
Erythr^e'an  Sea,  VI.  721. 

Erythose  [Sr'-e-thoce],  coloring  matter,  XIV. 
304,  2  c. 

Erythro’ nium,  metal,  XVI.  252,  1  c. 
Erythrox'ylon  coca  (botany),  IV.  774, 1  b  (ill.). 

Referred  to,  XIII.  338,  1  b. 

Erythroxylum  Peruvianum ,  IV.  774,  1  b. 
Erythrozine  [e-rith'-ro-zin],  ferment,  I.  321,  2  a. 
Er'yx,  ancient  town  of  Sicily,  VI.  722. 
Erzerum  [er-zeh-room'],  province  of  Turkey, 
VI.  722.  Capital  city,  2  a  (view).  Origin 
of  the  name,  2  c. 

Erzgebirge  [airts'-geh-beer-geh],  mountain 
range  of  Germany,  VI.  723. 

Esarfiad'don,  king  of  Assyria,  VI.  723  ;  II.  34, 
2  c,  36,  1  b. 

Escaldas  [ais-kal'-£Mss],  springs  of,  I.  480,  2  ab. 
Escam'bia,  two  counties,  VI.  723. 

Escanaba  [-naw'-ba],  county  seat,  V.  787,  1  a. 
Escapement ,  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IV.  696,  2  b. 
Recoil  escapement  of  Hooke,  698,  1  be  (ill.). 
Dead-beat  escapement  of  Graham,  2  a  (ill.). 
Pin-wheel  escapement,  2  c  (ill.,  699).  Grav¬ 
ity  escapements,  699,  1  ab.  Old  English 
verge  escapement,  701,  1  a  (ilk);  detached 


298 


ESCAUT 


ESSEX 


lever,  1  c  (ill.);  cylinder  (or  horizontal),  702, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  chronometer,  2  b  (ill.) ;  compen¬ 
sation  balance,  703,  1  b  (ill.). 

Escaut  [es-ko],  river  :  see  Scheldt. 

Eschar  [es'-kar],  in  gangrene,  VII.  612,  1  b. 

Eschcirot'ics :  see  Caustics. 

Escheat,  in  law,  VI.  723. 

Eschexbach,  Wolfram  von  [esh'-en-bakh],  min¬ 
nesinger,  VI.  724.  War  of  the  Wartburg,  2  a. 

Esohenmayer,  Karl  Adolf  August  von  [esh'- 
en-ml-er],  German  philosopher,  VI.  724. 

Eschscholtz  [esh'-sholts],  (Johann  Friedrich, 
1793-1831),  German  physician  and  botanist, 
XIII.  715,  2  a. 

Eschscholtzia  [esh-sholt'-ze-a],  (botany),  XIII. 
715,  2  a.  E.  Californica,  2  ab. 

Eschwege  [-va-geh],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  724. 

Eschweiler  [-vi-ler],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  724. 

Escobar  y  Mendoza,  Antonio  [ais-ko'-bar  e 
main-£Ao'-tha],  Spanish  casuist,  VI.  724. 

Escopette',  firearm,  XII.  101,  1  a;  XIV.  329,  1  a. 

Escovedo ,  Juan  de  [ais-ko-va'-tAo],  murder  of, 
IX.  653,  2  b ;  XIII.  287,  2  b. 

Escurial',  Spanish  royal  palace  and  mauso¬ 
leum,  VI.  725  (ill.).  Library,  726,  1  c. 

Escutcheon ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  1  c.  Es¬ 
cutcheon  of  pretence,  674,  1  a. 

Escutcheon  of  a  lock,  X.  564,  1  a. 

Esdraelon  [es-dra-e'-lun],  plain  of,  XIII.  6, 1  ah. 

Esdras,  Books  of,  VI.  726.  Referred  to,  VII. 
49,  2  b. 

Eshrakis ,  order  of  dervishes,  VI.  33,  1  c. 

Esico  IV.  [a'-ze-ko],  count  of  Ballenstedt,  II. 
243,  2-  b. 

Esk,  four  rivers  of  Scotland,  VI.  726.  Black 
and  White,  727,  1  a.  North,  lb.  South,  ib. 

Eskimos :  see  Esquimaux. 

Eski-Sagra  [es'-ke  sa'-gra],  town  of  European 
Turkey,  VI.  727. 

Esmeralda,  county,  VI.  727. 

Esmeraldas,  river  of  Ecuador,  VI.  727. 
Province,  1  c. 

Esmun  [es-moon'],  Phoenician  deity,  XII.  118, 
1  c. 

Esxe  [es'-na],  town  of  Egypt,  VI.  727.  Re¬ 
mains  at,  728,  1  a  (ill.,  727). 

Esneh :  see  Esne. 

Esoter'ic  instructions:  see  Aristotle,  1. 706, 1  b. 

Esox  (ichthyology),  XIII.  509,  2  ab.  E.  lu- 
cius,  2  c.  E.  reticulatus,  510,  1  c  (ill.). 
Other  species. 

Espartero,  Joaquin  Baldomero  [ais-par-ta'-ro], 
duke  de  la  Vitoria,  Spanish  soldier  and 
statesman,  VI.  728. 


Esparto,  grass,  VI.  728;  XIII.  47,  2  b. 
Esperas  [es-pa'-ras],  shelters  for  vessels  from 
the  great  tide  of  the  Amazon,  I.  379,  2  b. 
Espinasse,  Mile,  de  P :  see  Lespinasse. 
Espinel,  Vicente  [ais-pe-nail'J,  Spanish  poet, 
VI.  728. 

Espir'ito  San'to,  province  of  Brazil,  VI.  729. 
Esprits  forts  [es-pre  for],  free  thinkers,  VII. 
473,  1  b. 

Espy,  James  P.,  American  meteorologist,  VI. 
729.  His  theory  of  storms,  VIII.  381,  2  c ; 
referred  to,  IX.  80,  2  c. 

Esquemeling ,  John ,  buccaneer,  III.  376,  1  c. 
Es'quiline  hill  (Mons  Esquilinus),  Rome,  XIV. 
409,  1  ab ;  410,  2  a. 

Esquimaux  [es'-ke-moze],  most  northerly  Amer¬ 
ican  Indians,  VI.  729;  I.  392,  1  a.  Esqui¬ 
maux  hunter  (ill.),  VI.  730. 

Esquire,  VI.  731 ;  IV.  496,  2  a.  As  a  title, 
VI.  731,  1  c. 

Esquirol,  Jean  Etienne  Dominique  [es-ke-rul], 
French  physician  and  philanthropist,  VI. 
731.  On  insanity,  IX.  299, 1  ab,  c ;  302,  1  be. 
Esquiros,  Henri  Alphonse  [es-ke-roce],  French 
author  and  politician,  VI.  731.  Adele,  au¬ 
thoress,  732,  1  a. 

Ess,  Heinrich  Leander  van,  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  VI.  732.  Efforts  to  promote  the  read¬ 
ing  of  the  Bible  among  German  Catholics, 

1  ab ;  disapproved  by  German  bishops  and 
the  pope,  1  b. 

Esseg:  see  Eszek. 

Essen,  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  732.  Krupp’s 
cast-steel  manufactory,  1  c. 

Essen,  Hans  Henrik,  count,  Swedish  general, 
VI.  732. 

Essence  de  mirbane  [es-sangce  duh  meer-ban], 
nitro-benzole,  II.  546,  1  b. 

Essences  :  see  Essential  Oils. 

Essenes  [es-seenz'],  Jewish  sect,  VI.  732.  See 
Excommunication,  VII.  24,  1  b. 

Essential  Oils,  VI.  733.  Adulteration  of, 

2  be;  I.  134,  1  c. 

Essequibo  [es-sa-ke'-bo],  river  of  British 
Guiana,  VI.  734.  Territory,  1  c. 

Essex,  five  counties  in  the  United  States,  VI. 
734. 

Essex,  county  of  Canada,  VI.  735. 

Essex,  county  of  England,  VI.  735. 

Essex,  Earls  of,  VI.  735.  See  Cromwell, 
Thomas.  Walter  Devereux,  2  a.  Robert 
Devereux,  2  b.  Robert  Devereux  (2d),  736, 
1  c.  Arthur,  second  Baron  Capel,  2  b. 
Essex,  the  frigate,  cruise  of,  XIII.  723,  1  c. 


ESSEX 


ETIIER 


299 


Essex  Junior,  2  a.  Battle  with  the  Phoebe 
and  Cherub,  2  b. 

Essex  Institute:  see  Salem,  XIV.  562,  2  a. 

Essex  Junto,  political  body,  XIII.  131,  2  b. 

“  Essex  Result ,  the,”  pamphlet,  XIII.  131,  2  b. 

Essling:  see  Aspern  and  Essling. 

Essling,  prince  of:  see  Massena,  AndrA 

Esslixgen  [ess'-ling-en],  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 

VI.  736.  Esslingen  champagne,  2  c. 

Es'sonite,  garnet,  VII.  625,  1  be. 

Estaing,  Charles  Hector,  count  d’  [des-tang], 
French  naval  officer,  VI.  736 ;  X.  96,  1  c. 

Estancia  [ais-tan'-se-a],  enclosure  for  cattle, 
IV.  130,  1  a. 

Estate,  in  law,  VI.  737.  Estate  of  inheritance, 
2  a;  for  life,  738,  1  a;  less  than  freehold, 
1  b.  Estate  in  expectancy,  2  ab;  in  re¬ 
mainder,  ib. ;  in  reversion,  2  b.  Contingent 
remainder,  2  c.  Executory  devise,  ib.  Co¬ 
parcenary  tenancy,  739,  1  a.  Joint  tenancy, 
1  ab.  Incorporeal  estates,  1  b.  Legal  estate, 
XVI.  17,  2  c;  equitable,  18,  1  a  (Trusts). 

Este  [es'-ta],  town  of  Italy,  VI.  739. 

Este,  princely  house  of  Italy,  VI.  739.  Este- 
Guelph,  2  a.  Rulers  of  Ferrara,  &c.,  ib. — 
Augusta  Emma  and  Augustus  Frederick 
d’Este,  children  of  the  duke  of  Sussex,  2  c. 

Estella  [ais-ta'-lya],  city  of  Spain,  VI.  740. 

Estepa  [ais-ta'-pa],  town  of  Spain,  VI.  740. 

Estepo'na,  town  of  Spain,  VI.  740. 

Esterhazy  [es'-ter-ha-ze],  family  of  Hungarian 
magnates,  VI.  740.  Prince  Nicholas  Joseph, 
field  marshal,  2  ab ;  his  generosity  to  Haydn, 
VIII.  540,  1  be.  Paul  Antony,  revolutionary 
minister,  VI.  740,  2  b.  Possessions,  2  c. 

Ester  mile,  county  seat,  VI.  584,  1  c. 

Esther  [es'-ter],  Queen,  wife  of  Ahasuerus,  VI. 
740. 

Esther,  Queen,  half-breed  Indian :  see  Wyo¬ 
ming  Valley,  XVI.  753,  2  a. 

Esther,  mistress  of  Casimir  the  Great,  VI.  741, 
1  b ;  IV.  57,  1  ab. 

Esthland  [est'-lant] :  see  Esthonia. 

Estho'nia,  government  of  Russia,  VI.  741. 
Esthonians,  2  a  (ill.,  Esthonian  women). 

Estienne  [a-tyen],  family  of  printers :  see  Ste¬ 
phens. 

Es'till,  county,  VI.  742. 

Estillville,  county  seat,  XIV.  706,  1  c. 

Estilo  culto  [ais-te'-lo  kooP-to],  Spanish  poeti¬ 
cal  style,  VIII.  98,  1  c. 

Estop'pel,  in  law,  VI.  742.  See  Evidence, 

VII.  7,  2  a.  Estoppel  in  pais,  ib. 

Esto'vers,  legal  term,  VI.  742. 


Estragon  [es-tra-gong],  herb:  see  Tarragon. 
Estranghelo  alphabet ,  XV.  547,  2  a. 

Estrays,  in  law,  VI.  742.  In  the  United 
States,  2  a. 

Estreat,  law  term,  VI.  742. 

Estrees,  Gabrielle  d’  [des-tra],  mistress  of 
Henry  IV.,  VI.  742  ;  II.  424,  2  b. 

Estrelda  (ornithology),  VII.  190,  1  be.  E. 
astrild,  ib. 

Estrel'la,  Serra  da :  see  Portugal,  XIII.  737, 
1  a. 

Estremadura  [es-tra-ma-doo'-ra],  province  of 
Portugal,  VI.  742.  Province  of  Spain,  743, 

1  a.  Origin  of  the  name,  1  b. 

Estremoz  [-moce'],  town  of  Portugal,  VI.  743. 
Es'zek,  town  and  fortress  of  Slavonia,  VI.  743. 
Eta  [a'-ta],  Japanese  pariahs,  IX.  545, 1  b. 

Eta  Argus  [e'-ta],  star,  VI.  184,  1  a. 

Etacism ,  system  of  Greek  pronunciation,  VIII. 

209,  2  c. 

Etampes  [a-tangp],  town  of  France,  VI.  743. 
Etampes,  Anne  de  Pisseleu,  duchess  d’,  mistress 
of  Francis  I.,  VI.  743.  Jealousy  of  Diana 
of  Poitiers,  and  their  disastrous  political  in¬ 
trigues,  2  b. 

Etats  promneiaux  [a-ta  pruh-vang-se-o]  :  see 
States  General,  XV.  324,  1  c. 

Etawah  [et-a'-waj,  town  of  India,  VI.  743. 
Etching,  VI.  651 ,  2  b.  Painters’,  ib. ;  engra¬ 
vers’,  652,  1  c. 

Etchmiadzin  [etch-me-ad-zeen'],  convent  of,  I. 
725,  1  c. 

Eteoh'emins,  tribe  of  Indians,  VI.  743. 
Eteocles  and  Polynices  [e-te'-o-kleez,  po-le- 
nl'-seez],  legendary  kings  of  Grecian  Thebes, 
VI.  744.  See  Antigone,  and  (Edipus. 
Ete'sian  Winds,  VI.  744. 

Eternal  fires ,  so  styled,  from  natural  gas 
springs,  VII.  635,  1  ab. 

Etex,  Antoine  [a-tex],  French  artist,  VI.  744. 
Ethal,  ethalic  alcohol,  ethalic  acid ,  products  of 
spermaceti,  XV.  261,  2  b,  c. 

Etham :  see  Exodus,  VII.  29,  1  c. 

Eth'elbald,  king  of  Wessex,  VI.  744. 
Ethelbert,  king  of  Kent,  VI.  744.  Introduc¬ 
tion  of  Christianity,  ib. ;  II.  Ill,  2  c. 
Ethelbert,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  744. 
Ethelred  I.,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  745. 
Ethelred  II.,  the  Unready,  VI.  745. 
Ethelwulf,  king  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  VI.  745„ 
E'ther,  or  Hither,  in  physics,  VI.  746  ;  491, 

2  a;  II.  82,  2  c.  Huygens’s  undulatory  the¬ 
ory  of  light,  VI.  746,  1  b.  Newton’s  sugges¬ 
tion  of  vibrations,  ib. ;  his  theory  of  the 


300 


ETHER 


EUCIIOLOGION 


ether  referred  to,  XII.  350,  1  b.  Doctrine 
of  more  recent  physicists,  VI.  746,  2  b. 

Ether,  in  chemistry,  VI.  747.  Preparation  of 
sulphuric  ether,  1  c.  Volatility  of,  2  c. 
Medical  use,  748,  1  ab.  Compared  with 
chloroform  as  an  anaesthetic,  1  c;  I.  453, 1  c, 
454,  2  c.  Ratio  of  power  compared,  ib. 
(Enanthic  ether,  VI.  748,  2  ab. — Sulphuric 
ethers,  XV.  454,  2  a.  Methylsulphuric  ether, 
2  b.  Neutral  sulphurous  ether,  455,  2  c. 

Ethered :  see  Ethelred. 

Etherege,  Sir  George  [eth'-er-ej],  English  com¬ 
ic  author,  VI.  748. 

Etheridge ,  Sir  George :  see  Etherege. 

Etheridge,  John  Wesley,  English  clergyman, 
VI.  748. 

Etherization  in  childbirth ,  treatise  on :  see 
CnANNiNG,  Walter. 

Ethics  :  see  Moral  Philosophy.  Referred  to, 
XV.  695,  1  a. 

Etiiio'pia,  VI.  749.  Early  history,  1  b.  From 
the  17th  century  B.  C.,  1  c.  Assyrian  period, 
2  be.  Persian  period,  750,  1  b.  Greek  and 
Roman  period,  1  c.  Monuments,  2  a.  Wor¬ 
ship,  ib.  Civilization  of,  discoveries  respect¬ 
ing,  X.  363,  1  a. 

Ethiopia,  Languages  and  Literature  of,  VI.  750. 
Language  now  called  Ethiopic,  2  c.  Litera¬ 
ture,  752,  1  c.  European  study  of  it,  2  a. 
Amharic  language,  2  b.  Dialect  of  Tigre, 
753,  1  ab. 

Ethiopian  Bible ,  I.  49,  1  c. 

Ethiopian ,  or  Geez  language :  see  Ethiopia, 
Languages  and  Literature  of.  Referred  to, 
I.  49,  1  be;  171,  1  a. 

Ethiopians ,  races  so  styled  by  the  Greeks,  XII. 
216,  1  b. 

Ethnol'ogy,  VI.  753.  Ethnology  and  anthro¬ 
pology,  2  a.  Classifications  by  different  wri¬ 
ters,  2  b,  ff.  Descent  of  man,  755,  2  b. 
Classification  according  to.  the  form  of  the 
skull,  756,  1  a;  to  the  character  of  the  hair, 
2  ab  (table).  Geographical  distribution,  1  c. 
Negroes,  757,  1  c.  Australians,  2  b.  Mon¬ 
golians,  758,  1  b.  Dravidas,  2  b.  Nubians, 
2  c.  Mediterraneans,  759,  1  ab.  Indo-Eu¬ 
ropeans,  2  b.  Ethnological  chart,  explana¬ 
tion  of,  2  c.  Relation  of  races  to  each  other, 
760,  1  a  (table).  Date  of  man’s  appearance 
on  the  earth,  1  c. 

Ethsege  [eth-sa'-ga],  in  the  Abyssinian  church, 
I.  49,  1  a. 

Ethyle  [eth'-il],  gas,  VI.  760.  Neutral  sul¬ 
phate  of,  XV.  454,  2  a  and  b.  Ethyl-sul¬ 


phurous  acid,  455,  2  c.  Sulphydrate  of 
ethyle,  1  b. 

Etienne  [a-tyen],  family  of  printers :  see 
Stephens. 

Etna,  volcano  of  Sicily,  VI.  761  (view).  Erup¬ 
tions  of,  762,  1  c. 

Etoile ,  Arc  de  Triomphe  de  V  [ark  duh  tre-o^f 
dfih  la-twal],  Paris,  XIII.  80,  2  c  (ill.,  81). 

Eton,  town  of  England,  VI.  763.  Eton  college, 
ib.  (ill.).  Eton  montem,  764,  1  a. 

Et'owah,  county,  VI.  764. 

Etre  ne  coiffe  [a-triih  na  kwa-fa],  proverb,  IV. 
136,  2  c. 

Etru'ria,  division  of  ancient  Italy,  VI.  764. 
Inhabitants,  1  c.  Etruscan  language,  765, 1  a. 
Literary  remains,  1  b.  Confederacy,  2  a. 
Religion,  2  b.  Monuments,  2  c.  Proficiency 
in  the  arts,  766,  1  a.  History,  1  b.  Dialects 
of,  IX.  455,  1  be.  Modern  kingdom  of  Etru¬ 
ria,  VI.  766,  2  c ;  IX.  451,  1  b ;  XVI.  83,  2  be. 

Etruscan  architecture ,  I.  658,  1  c. 

Etruscans :  see  Etruria,  and  IX.  439,  1  b. 

Etrusci ,  ancient  Italic  race,  VI.  764,  1  c. 

Ettlingen  [et'-ling-en],  town  of  Baden,  VI.  766. 

Ettrick  Shepherd:  see  Hogg,  James. 

Etty,  William,  English  painter,  VI.  766. 

Etymology  :  see  Language. 

Etzel:  see  Attila. 

Eu  [uli],  town  of  France,  VI.  767.  Chateau 
d’Eu,  1  b. 

Eu,  Louis  Philippe  Marie  Ferdinand  Gaston 
d’ Orleans,  count  d’  [duh],  Brazilian  general, 
VI.  767. 

Euastrum  (desmidieae),  VI.  42,  2  c.  E.  oblon- 
gum  (ill.),  43. 

Eubce'a,  island  of  Greece,  VI.  767.  History, 
2  b.  Nomarchy  of,  2  c. 

Eubulides  of  Miletus  [yu-bu'-le-deez],  Greek 
philosopher,  VI.  767.  One  of  his  famous 
sophisms,  768,  1  a. 

Eucalyne  [yu'-ka-lin] :  see  Sugar,  XV.  441, 1  b. 

Euoalyp'tus,  genus  of  trees,  VI.  768.  E.  ma- 
crocarpa,  1  b  (ill.).  E.  Preissiana,  ib.  (ill.). 
E.  gigantea,  1  c.  E.  resinifera,  2  a;  specific 
gravity  of,  XVI.  704,  1  c.  E.  globulus,  VI. 
768,  2  c.  Other  species.  Medical  properties 
of,  2  be. 

Eucharist  [yu'-ka-rist] :  see  Lord’s  Supper, 
and  XIV.  396,  1  c.  Referred  to,  X.  534,  2  b. 

Eucharistic  liturgies ,  X.  534,  2  b. 

Euchee  Anna ,  county  seat,  XVI.  444,  2  b. 

Euchites  [yu'-kites],  sect,  referred  to,  XIII. 
178,  1  a. 

E vxo7,6yiov,  of  the  Greek  church,  III.  257,  1  a. 


EUCHRE 


EUROPE 


301 


Euchre  [yu'-ker],  game,  VI.  769. 

Eu'clid,  ancient  geometer,  VI.  769.  Device  of 
reasoning  in  geometry  introduced  by  him, 

VII.  701,  1  be. 

Euclid  of  Megara,  philosopher,  VI.  770.  Me- 
garic  school :  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  437,  2  c. 
Eudaimonia ,  Aristotle’s  conception  of,  I.  707, 
1  a. 

Euda'mus  (entomology),  III.  500,  2  a.  E.  tity- 
rus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Eudes  [iihd],  duke  of  Aquitania,  IV.  284,  1  be. 

Count  of  Paris,  and  king,  XIII.  89,  2  b. 
Eudiom'eter,  chemical  instrument,  VI.  770. 
Eudocia,  Roman  empress,  VI.  770:  see  Athe- 
nais  (Index).  Life  of  Christ  in  verses  from 
Homer  attributed  to  her,  2  c.  Byzantine 
empress,  771,  1  ab. 

Eudoxia,  empress  of  the  West,  VI.  771. 
Eudoxia ,  wife  of  the  emperor  Arcadius,  I.  641, 
1  b ;  IV.  563,  1  ab,  if.  Illicit  connection 
with  Count  John,  2  b. 

Eudoxus  of  Cnidus,  Greek  natural  philoso¬ 
pher,  VI.  771. 

Eudoxus  of  Cyzicus,  Greek  navigator,  VI.  771. 
Eufaula,  city  of  Alabama,  VI.  771. 

Euga'nei ,  ancient  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  1  b. 
Eugene  (Frangois  Eugene  de  Savoie-Carignan), 
prince,  Austrian  general,  VI.  771. 

Eugene  City ,  county  seat,  X.  142,  1  c. 

Eugenia  pimenta  (botany),  I.  337,  1  b  (ill.). 
Eugenie  [uh-zha-ne],  empress  of  France :  see 
Bonaparte,  III.  58,  1  a. 

Eugenius,  name  of  four  popes,  VI.  773.  I., 

Saint,  1  a.  II.,  1  ab.  HI.,  Bernardo  Pa- 
ganelli,  1  b ;  referred  to,  II.  574,  1  a.  IV., 
Gabriele  Condulmero,  VI.  773,  2  a ;  VII. 
277,  2  c. 

Euqubian  tablets,  IX.  440,  1  ab.  Discovery  of, 

VIII.  294,  2  ab. 

Eugubium ,  ancient  town,  VIII.  294,  2  a. 
Eulcdus ,  river,  IX.  823,  2  ab. 

Eulenspiegel  [oi'-len-spe-ghel] :  see  Fairies, 

VII.  65,  1  c. 

Euler,  Leonhard  [oi'-ler],  Swiss  mathemati¬ 
cian,  VI.  774.  His  undulatory  theory  of 
light,  746,  2  b.  His  analytic  method  in 
mathematics,  775,  1  a;  XI.  276,  2  b. 
Eumenes  [yu'-me-neez],  Greek  general,  VI.  775. 
Eumenes  fraterna  (entomology),  XVI.  493, 1  a ; 

494,  la.  . 

Eumen'ides,  in  mythology,  VI.  775. 
Eumeto’pias  SteVleri  (zoology),  XIV.  733,  2.  be. 
EumoVpus  vi'tis  (entomology),  II.  478,  1  a. 
Euna'pius,  Greek  sophist,  VI.  775. 


Eunec'tes  muri'nus  (zoology),  I.  451,  2  b  (ill.). 
Eunice  [yu-ni'-se],  worm,  VI.  218,  1  c. 
Eunomian  (. Aetian )  heresy ,  I.  155,  1  a. 
Eunomians ,  religious  party,  I.  700,  2  a;  VI. 
776,  1  b. 

Eunomius,  heresiarch,  VI.  776 ;  I.  155,  1  a  ; 
700,  2  a. 

Eunuchs,  VI.  776.  See  Castration. 
Eupatoria,  town  of  Russia,  VI.  776. 
Eupatorium  (botany)  :  see  Boneset  (E.  perfo- 
liatum).  E.  ageratoides,  XV.  131,  1  be. 
Eupat'ridce ,  nobles  of  Athens,  II.  54,  2  c ;  55, 1  a. 
Eupen  [oi'-pen],  town  of  Prussia,  VI.  777. 
Euphe'ma  (ornithology),  XIII.  124,  1  a. 
Euphorbia,  genus  of  plants,  VI.  777.  E.  offi- 
cinarum,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  E.  ipecacuanha,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
and  other  species.  Euphorbium,  1  c.  E. 
inaculata,  XIV.  96, 1  a.  E.  hypericifolia,  ib, 
Euphorbium ,  gum  resin,  VI.  777,  1  c. 
Euphrates,  river  of  Asia,  VI.  777.  Histori¬ 
cal  associations,  778,  1  c. 

Euphrosyne  [yu-froz'-e-ne] :  see  Graces. 
Euphues  [yu'-fu-eez] :  see  Euphuism. 
Euphuism,  style  of  speech,  VI.  778. 

Eu'pione :  see  Kerosene,  IX.  811,  2  be. 
Euplectella  speciosa,  sponge,  XVI.  305, 1  a  (ill.). 
Euploc' omus  (ornithology),  XIII.  385,  2  a. 
Euplo'ta ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 
Eu'polis,  Greek  comic  poet,  VI.  778. 

Euprepes  quinquelinea' tus  [yu'-pre-peez],  (zo¬ 
ology),  XV.  80,  2  b. 

Eurasians ,  mixed  race,  III.  571,  2  c ;  573,  1  c. 
Eure  [tk.hr],  department  of  France,  VI.  779. 
River,  1  b. 

Eure-et-Loir  [-a-lwar],  department  of  France, 
VI.  779. 

Eureka ,  exclamation  of  Archimedes,  I.  652, 1  a. 
Eureka ,  county  seats,  VIII.  240, 1  c ;  IX.  41, 1  a. 
Euripides  [yu-rip'-e-deez],  Greek  tragic  poet, 
VI.  779.  Characterization,  780,  1  c. 
Eu'ripus,  channel  of  Greece,  VI.  780.  Irreg¬ 
ularities  of  the  tide,  2  c. 

Eurocs ,  North  American  Indians,  X.  22,  1  b. 
Euros' a,  city  and  lake,  site  of,  IX.  525,  2  c. 
Euro'pa,  in  mythology,  VI.  780. 

Europe,  continent,  VI.  781.  (Map.)  Name, 

1  a.  Ancient  knowledge  of,  1  be.  Political 
importance  of,  781,  2  b.  Extent,  ib.  Coasts 
and  seas,  782,  1  b.  Peninsulas  and  islands, 

2  a.  Surface,  2  be.  Mountain  systems,  783, 
1  b.  River  systems,  784,  1  b.  Lakes,  2  a. 
Climate,  2  b;  isothermal  lines,  2  c.  Vege¬ 
tation,  785,  1  b.  Minerals,  2  c.  Animals, 
786,  1  b.  Inhabitants,  2  ab.  Population, 


302 


EUROTAS 


EVERETT 


787,  1  b ;  races,  2  a  (table).  Cultivation, 
2  c.  Productions,  788,  1  a.  Religion,  1  be. 
Forms  of  government,  2  b.  Finances,  789, 

1  a.  Military  establishments,  1  b. 

Euro'tas,  ancient  river  of  Greece,  VI.  789  ;  X. 

83,  2  ab. 

Euryale  [yu-rl'-a-le] :  see  Gorgons. 

Eurydice  [yu-rid'-e-se],  in  mythology,  VI.  789; 
XII.  710,  2  c.  Daughter  of  Amyntas,  VI. 
789,  2  a;  IV.  60,  2  c,  61,  1  a. 

Euryn'olus,  fossil  fish,  VII.  615,  1  c. 
Eurypter'idce,  fossil  crustaceans,  IX.  838,  2  b. 
Eurypterus,  2  c. 

Euryp'yga  (ornithology),  VIII.  691,  2  c.  E. 
helias,  ib. 

Eurystheus  [yu-ris'-thuce],  VIII.  679,  1  b,  ff. 
Euse ,  Jacques  cV  [duz],  (John  XXII.),  IX.  647, 2  a. 
Eusebius,  ancient  ecclesiastical  writer,  VI.  789. 
Eusebius  of  Nicomedia,  I.  708,  2  c,  ff. 
Eusem'ites ,  branch  of  the  Semites,  VI.  759, 

2  ab ;  XIV.  760,  1  c. 

Euspi'za  Americana  (ornithology),  III.  439, 
2  c  (ill.). 

Eustachi,  Bartolommeo  [a-oos-ta'-ke],  Italian 
anatomist,  VI.  790. 

Eustachian  tube  [yuce-ta'-ke-an],  (anatomy), 
VI.  351,  1  c ;  XII.  516,  1  a ;  XIII.  382,  2  a. 
Eustachio :  see  Eustachi. 

Eusta' thians :  see  Meletius,  Saint. 

Eustathius ,  saint  and  bishop,  referred  to,  XI. 

729,  1  b.  See  Meletius,  Saint. 

Eustis,  William,  American  physician  and  poli¬ 
tician,  VI.  790. 

Euta'chus  sa’cer  (entomology),  II.  477,  1  be. 
Eu'taw ,  county  seat,  VIII.  227,  2  c. 

Eutaw  Springs,  VI.  790.  Battle  of,  ib. ;  X. 

303,  2  ab ;  referred  to,  IX.  20,  1  a. 

Euter'pe,  in  mythology,  VI.  791. 

Egtyches  [yu-tl'-keez],  heresiarch,  VI.  791. 
His  doctrine  of  the  nature  of  Christ :  see 
Monophysites. 

Euty chians ,  religious  party :  see  Eutyches, 
and  XI.  217,  2  b. 

Euxine  Sea  :  see  Black  Sea. 

Evacuation  day,  in  Xew  York,  XII.  407,  2  ab. 
Evag'oras,  king  of  Salamis,  VI.  791. 
Eva'grius,  Syrian  church  historian,  VI.  791. 
Evald,  J ohannes  [a'-vald],  Danish  poet,  VI.  791. 
Exangelary :  see  Missal. 

Evangelical  Alliance,  VI.  792. 

Evangelical  Association,  ecclesiastical  body, 
VI.  792 ;  XI.  460,  1  a. 

Evangelical  Church  Union  of  the  West,  XVI. 

118,  1  a. 


Evangelical  Protestant  church,  in  Wiirtemberg, 
XVI.  743,  1  c.  See  United  Evangelical 
CnuRcn. 

Evangelical  Synod  of  North  America,  XVI- 
118,  1  b. 

Evangelical  union,  German  Protestant  league, 
XV.  709,  1  c. 

Evangelist,  VI.  793. 

Evangelium  Infantine  Christi,  or  secundum 
Thomam ,  apocryphal  gospel,  XV.  715,  2  b. 

Ev'ans,  Augusta:  see  Wilson,  Augusta. 

Evans,  Sir  De  Lacy,  British  general,  VI.  793. 

Evans,  Edward  P.,  American  scholar  and  au¬ 
thor,  VI.  793. 

Evans,  Frederick  William,  elder  of  the  Sha¬ 
kers,  VI.  794. 

Evans,  Lewis,  American  geographer  and  sur¬ 
veyor,  VI.  794. 

Evans,  Marian :  see  Lewes,  Marian  Evans. 

Evans,  Oliver,  American  inventor,  VI.  794; 

XV.  329,  1  c  (twice),  336,  1  a,  ab. 

Evans,  Major,  I.  236,  2  a  (Alamo). 

Evanston,  township  of  Illinois,  VI.  794. 

Evansville,  city  of  Indiana,  VI.  794. 

Evaporation,  VI.  795.  Relations  between 

water  and  its  vapor,  2  a  (table).  Conditions 
of  evaporation,  2  b.  Hygroscopes  and  hy¬ 
grometers,  796,  1  be.  Practical  applications, 
2  a.  Tension  of  liquids,  2  b.  See  Water. 

XVI.  494,  2  c,  ff. 

Ev'arts,  Jeremiah,  secretary  of  the  American 
board  of  commissioners  for  foreign  missions. 
VI.  797.  William  Maxwell,  American  law¬ 
yer,  1  b.  (U.  S.  secretary  of  state  1877.) 

Eve,  in  Scriptural  history,  VI.  797. 

Evection,  in  astronomy,  VI.  797. 

Ev'elyn,  John,  English  author,  VI.  797. 

Evening  Post ,  newspaper  of  Xew  York,  I.  138, 
2  b  ;  III.  372, 1  a,  if. ;  V.  47,  2  c ;  XII.  342,  2  b. 

Evening  primrose,  common,  XII.  585,  1  a  (ill.). 
Missouri,  2  a  (ill.). 

Evening  Shade,  county  seat,  XIV.  831,  2  c. 

Everdingen,  Aldertvan  [a'-ver-ding-en],  Dutch 
painter,  VI.  797. 

Everest,  Mt.,  Himalaya  mountains, VIII.  732, 1  c. 

Everett,  Alexander  Hill,  American  diploma¬ 
tist  and  author,  VI.  798. 

Everett,  Edward,  American  statesman,  orator, 
and  author,  VI.  798.  A  pastor  in  Boston, 
2  b.  Professor  of  Greek,  2  c.  Member  of 
congress,  799,  1  b.  Governor  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  1  c.  Minister  to  England,  ib.  Presi¬ 
dent  of  Harvard  university,  2  b.  Secretary 
of  state,  2  be.  U.  S.  senator,  800,  1  a.  His 


EVERGLADES 


EXODUS 


303 


oration  on  Washington,  1  be.  “The  Mount 
Vernon  Papers,”  2  a.  Nominated  as  vice 
president,  2  b.  His  last  addresses,  ib. 

Everglades ,  Florida,  V.  630, 1  c;  VII.  280,  2  ab. 

Evergreens ,  trees,  X.  266,  2  c. 

“  Everlasting  flowers ,”  IX.  196,  1  c. 

Eves'ham,  borough  of  England,  VII.  5. 

Evidence,  judicial,  VII.  5.  Glassification  of 
rules  of  evidence,  1  b ;  rules  of  general  ap¬ 
plication,  1  c;  hearsay  evidence,  6,  1  b ; 
competency  of  witnesses,  2  b  ;  presumptions 
of  law,  7,  1  c ;  comparative  weight  of  evi¬ 
dence,  2  c ;  admissibility  of  evidence,  8,  2  a. 
Rules  of  practice,  2  c.  Examination  of  wit¬ 
nesses,  9,  2  c. 

Evil-Merodach ,  king  of  Babylon,  II.  190,  1  a. 

E'volutes ,  Huygens’s  theory  of,  in  geometry, 
VII.  701,  2  c. 

Evolution,  VII.  10.  Views  of  the  ancients, 

1  a ;  of  modern  naturalists,  1  c.  Huxley’s 
statement  of  the  theory,  11,  1  b.  Theory 
of  development,  1  c.  Darwin’s  theory  of 
natural  selection,  13,  2  c;  “survival  of  the 
fittest,”  14,  1  b.  Spencer’s  theory  of  evolu¬ 
tion,  2b;  its  factors,  15,  2  a ;  his  summary 
of  it,  16,  2  c.  See  Haeckel,  Huxley,  and 
Lamarck.  Prof.  Jevons  on,  X.  583,  1  b. 

Evoka  [a-vo'-ra],  city  of  Portugal,  VII.  17. 

£vreux  [a-vruh],  city  of  France,  VII.  17 
(view).  Chateau  of  Navarre,  18,  1  a. 

Ev'ripo :  see  Ciialcis. 

Ewald,  Georg  Heinrich  August  von  [a'-valt], 
German  orientalist,  theologian,  and  his¬ 
torian,  VII.  18.  (Died  1875.) 

Ewald,  Johannes  :  see  Evald. 

Ewbank,  Thomas,  American  writer  on  practi¬ 
cal  mechanics,  VII.  18. 

Ewell,  Richard  Stoddard,  confederate  gen¬ 
eral,  VII.  19. 

Ewing,  John,  American  clergyman,  VII.  19. 

Ewing,  Thomas,  American  statesman,  VII. 
19.  Thomas,  his  son,  20,  1  c  (member  of 
congress  from  Ohio  1877). 

Exaltados  [ex-al-ta'-^oce],  Spanish  political 
party,  IX.  423,  1  be. 

Exa’men  ad  gradum  :  see  Jesuits,  IX.  626,  1  b. 

ExARcn  [ex'-ark],  Greek  dignitary,  VI.  20; 
XIII.  834,  2  a. 

Excellency,  official  title,  VII.  20. 

Excelmans  :  see  Exelmans. 

Exchange,  place  of  business,  VII.  20.  Lon¬ 
don  exchange,  21,  1  a.  Paris  bourse,  1  c. 
Hamburg  and  other  continental  exchanges, 

2  a.  New  York  merchants’  exchange,  2  ab. 


Exchange :  see  Sale,  XIV.  559,  1  c. 

Exchange,  Bill  of,  VII.  21  ;  XII.  212,  2  ab, 
214,  1  a.  Form  of,  VII.  22,  1  a.  Negotia¬ 
bility  of,  1  b.  Foreign  and  inland,  23,  1  b. 
Promissory  notes,  1  c.  First  instituted,  II. 
273,  2  b. 

Exchanges  of  heat ,  doctrine  of,  VIII.  570,  2  ab. 

Exchequer ,  chancellor  of  the,  IV.  254,  2  a. 

Excise,  tax,  VII.  23.  In  the  United  States, 
2  a.  Relative  advantages  of  excise  duties 
and  customs,  2  b.  Case  of  Henderson,  2  c. 
Excise  question  in  England,  under  George 
II.,  705,  1  b. 

Exclusion  bill:  see  James  II.,  IX.  518,  1  b, 
and  IV.  283,  1  c. 

Excommunication,  VII.  24.  Greek,  Roman, 
and  Celtic,  1  a-b.  Jewish,  1  c.  In  the 
early  Christian  church,  ib.  In  the  Latin 
church,  2  ab.  In  the  reformed  churches,  2  c. 

Excrementitious  matters ,  VII.  25,  1  c. 

Excretion,  VII.  25.  Excretory  organs,  2  a. 

Execution,  in  law,  VII.  25.  In  England,  2  be. 
In  the  United  States,  26,  1  c.  Of  a  judg¬ 
ment  for  a  money  demand,  2  a.  In  the 
United  States,  2  c.  See  Sheriff. 

Executor,  in  law,  VII.  27.  De  son  tort,  1  b. 

Executory  devise ,  VI.  738,  2  c. 

Exege'sis ,  interpretation  of  the  Scriptures,  XV. 
695,  1  ab. 

Exelmans,  Remy  Joseph  Isidore,  count  [ex-el- 
mang],  French  general,  VII.  27. 

Exergue  [egz-erg'J,  of  a  coin  or  medal,  XII. 
535,  2  b. 

Ex'eter,  town  of  New  Hampshire,  VII.  27. 
Phillips  academy,  2  ab.  Robinson  female 
seminarv,  2  b. 

Exeter,  town  of  England,  VII.  27.  Rouge- 
mont  castle,  2  c.  Cathedral,  ib.  (ill.,  28). 

Exfoliation ,  scaling  of  bone,  XII.  205,  2  c. 

Exhausters ,  of  gas  works,  VII.  637,  2  a. 

Exhaustion,  in  geometry,  VII.  28. 

Exhibitioners ,  at  Oxford  university,  XII.  764, 
2  c. 

Exid'ice  (fungi),  VII.  533,  2  be. 

Exi'ra ,  county  seat,  II.  104,  1  c. 

Ex-jailer  of  Blaye,  sobriquet,  III.  417,  2  be. 

Exmouth  [ex'-muth],  town  of  England,  VII.  28. 

ExMOUTn,  Edward  Pellew,  viscount,  admiral, 
VII.  28. 

Exocce'tus  (ichthyology),  VII.  296,  2  b.  E.  voli- 
tans,  297,  1  be  (ill.).  Other  species. 

Exodus,  book  of  the  Bible,  VII.  29.  Illustra¬ 
tions  of  the  narrative  from  modern  Egyp¬ 
tology,  1  c.  Route  of  the  exodus,  30,  1  a. 


304 


EXOGENS 


EZZELINO 


Exogens,  class  of  plants,  VII.  30 ;  VI.  594,  2  a ; 
XIII.  580,  1  b. 

Exogenous  stem  [ex-oj'-e-nus],  XIII.  580,  1  b. 
Exogo'nium  (botany),  IX.  509,  1  be.  E.  purga, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Ex'orcism,  rite,  VII.  31.  Among  pagans  and 
Jews,  1  b.  In  the  Christian  church,  1  c. 
Exorcists ,  in  the  Latin  church,  V.  795,  2  c. 
Exosmose':  see  Endosmose.  Referred  to,  I. 
194,  1  ab. 

Exosto'sis,  osseous  tumor,  VII.  31.  Causes  of 
it,  32,  1  c.  Treatment,  2  a.  In  the  young 
deer,  V.  756,  2  a. 

Exoter'ic  instructions :  see  Aristotle,  1. 706, 1  b. 
Exoucontians :  see  Arianism,  I.  700,  2  a. 
Expansion,  VII.  32.  By  heat,  2  be  ;  by  cool¬ 
ing,  33,  2  a.  See  Ioe,  IX.  146,  1  c;  Water, 
XVI.  494,  2  ab ;  Bismuth,  II.  666,  2  c. 
Expansion  of  the  air  and  gases ,  law  of,  VII. 
653,  1  c. 

Expansion  tank,  in  a  greenhouse,  VIII.  231, 
2  c. 

Ex  par'te  (one-sided),  I.  157,  1  ab. 
Expatriation ,  right  of,  I.  326,  2  a.  See  Nat¬ 
uralization.  In  time  of  war,  XIV.  20, 1  a. 
Explosive  paper,  VII.  38,  2  a. 

Explosives,  VII.  34.  Explosive  compound 
defined,  1  ab.  Gunpowder,  1  b ;  composi¬ 
tion  of  different  kinds,  2  a.  Pyroxyline,  35, 
2  b ;  gun  cotton,  2  be ;  xyloidine,  36,  1  b ; 
Schultze’s  chemical  powder,  lbc;  haloxyline, 
1  c.  Nitro-glycerine,  2  a ;  dynamite,  37, 
1  c ;  dualline,  2  ab.  Chlorate  of  potassa 
powders,  38,  1  a.  Chloride  of  nitrogen,  2  ab. 
Picrate  of  potash  powders,  2  b.  Fulminates, 

39,  1  a.  General  theory  of  explosives,  2  b. 
Expo'nent,  mathematical,  VII.  40. 

Exponential  equations  and  functions,  VII.  40, 

1  c. 

Express,  special  messenger  or  conveyance,  VII. 

40.  History  of  the  enterprise  in  the  United 
States,  2  a.  Extent  and  methods  of  the  busi¬ 
ness,  41,  2  a. 

Express  men,  legal  relations  of,  VII.  338,  2  b. 
Exjiunging  resolutions ,  in  the  case  of  President 
Jackson,  IX.  493,  lb;  II.  543,  1  a.  Oppo¬ 
sition  to,  III.  589,  1  a ;  XVI.  88,  2  b. 


Extension,  doctrine  of,  in  geometry,  referred 
to,  VII.  702,  1  c. 

Extensibility  of  steel,  XV.  366,  1  c. 

Extradition,  VII.  41.  Between  the  states  of 
the  Union,  2  c ;  between  sovereign  nations, 
42,  2  a.  Requirements  of  treaties  of  extra¬ 
dition,  43,  2  c.  Treaties  of  Great  Britain 
with  other  powers,  44,  1  c. 

Extraneers',  class  of  students,  I.  369,  1  b. 

Extravagances ,  two  collections  of  a  class  of 
papal  decrees,  III.  719,  2  a;  V.  753,  1  b. 

Extreme  Unction,  sacrament,  VII.  44.  Its 
effects,  2  b.  Churches  holding  it  as  one  of 
the  seven  sacraments,  2  c. 

Exudation,  in  inflammation,  IX.  275,  2  ab ;  276, 
1  a,  ff. 

Eyalet  [a'-ya-let] :  see  Vilayet,  and  Turkey, 
XVI.  59,  1  c. 

Eyck,  Van  [van  ike],  name  of  three  Flemish 
painters,  VII.  44.  Hubert  van,  45,  la.  Jan 
van,  ib.  Margaret  van,  1  c. 

Eye,  VII.  45.  Horizontal  section  of  the  eye¬ 
ball  (ill.),  2  c.  Muscles  of,  46,  2  a  (ill.).  Mod¬ 
ification  of  rays  entering  the  eye,  47,  1  a. 
Adaptation  of  the  eye  to  varying  distances, 

1  c  (ill.).  In  reptiles,  fishes,  and  mammals, 

2  a.  In  insects,  48,  1  a.  Artificial  eyes,  46, 
2  c. — Cast  of  the  eye,  XV.  296,  2  ab.  “Em¬ 
metropic”  eye,  236,  2  c.  Straining  of  the 
eye,  238, 1  a.  “  Typographical  eye,”  V.  375, 
2  be.  See  Vision. 

Eye-bright,  plant,  X.  559,  1  b. 

Eyed  blenny,  fish,  II.  710,  1  c  (ill.). 

Eye  glass,  XV.  238,  2  a. 

Eye  lens ,  in  a  telescope,  XV.  622,  2  a. 

Eyes  of  the  sea,  lakes  in  the  Carpathian  moun¬ 
tains,  IV.  18,  1  a;  IX.  53,  2  c. 

Eye  Stone,  VII.  48. 

Eylau  [I'-low],  town  of  Prussia,  VII.  48.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  2  c ;  allusion  to,  II.  217,  2  a. 

Eze'kiel,  prophet,  VII.  49.  Book  of,  1  b. 

Eziongeber  [e'-ze-on-ghe'-ber],  port  of  Edom, 
VI.  410,  1  a. 

Ezra,  Jewish  scribe  and  priest,  VII.  49.  Book 
of,  2  a. 

Ezzelino  da  Romano  [et-sa-le'-no  da  ro-ma' 
no],  Ghibelline  leader  in  Italy,  VI.  49. 


F 


FAIR 


305 


F 


F,  a  letter,  YII.  50.  Sound,  1  a.  Form,  1  b. 
Changes,  1  c.  Asa  numeral,  2  ab.  As  an  ab¬ 
breviation,  2  b.  On  coins,  ib.  In  music,  ib. 

Faba  (botany),  II.  416,  2  a.  F.  vulgaris,  ib. 

Faber,  Frederick  William,  English  clergyman 
and  author,  YII.  50. 

Faber,  George  Stanley,  English  theologian 
and  writer,  YII.  51. 

Faber,  Pierre :  see  Lef^vre. 

Faberman  [fa'-ber-man],  speaking  automaton 
of,  II.  156,  1  a. 

Fabian ,  Robert :  see  Fabyan. 

Fabius,  Roman  gens,  YII.  51.  Quintus  Fabius 
Rullianus  (Maximus),  2  a ;  XIII.  55,  1  c. 
Caius  Fabius  Pictor,  painter,  YII.  51,  2  c. 
Quintus  Fabius  Pictor,  historian,  52,  1  a. 

Fabliaux  [fa-ble-o],  tales  in  verse,  YII.  403, 
2  be. 

Fabbe,  Francois  Xavier  Pascal  [fabr’],  French 
painter,  YII.  52.  See  Albany,  L.  M.  C.  H., 
countess  of,  I.  249,  1  b. 

Fabre,  Jean,  “the  honest  criminal,”  YII.  52. 

Fabre  d’Eglantine,  Philippe  Francois  Nazaire 
[fabr’  da-glang-teen],  French  revolutionist  and 
author,  YII.  52. 

Fabretti,  Raffaello  [fa-bret'-te],  Italian  anti¬ 
quary,  YII.  52. 

Fabriano  [fa-bre-a'-no],  town  of  Italy,  YII.  52. 

Fabriano,  Gentile  da,  Italian  painter,  YII.  52. 

Fabricius  [fa-brish'-us],  (Caius  Fabricius  Lusci- 
nus),  Roman  statesman,  YII.  52. 

Fabricius,  Georg  [fa-bre'-tse-oos],  German 
scholar,  YII.  53. 

Fabricius,  Girolamo,  Italian  anatomist  and 
surgeon,  YII.  53. 

Fabricius,  Johann  Albert,  German  bibliogra¬ 
pher,  YII.  53. 

Fabricius,  Johann  Christian,  Danish  entomol¬ 
ogist,  YII.  53.  His  classification  of  insects, 
YI.  659,  2  c. 

Fabrizio  [fa-bre'-tse-o] :  see  Fabricius,  Giro¬ 
lamo. 

Fabroni  (Giovanni  Yalentino  Matda,  baron, 
1752-1822),  Florentine  naturalist,  chemical 
action  in  galvanism  suggested  by ,  YII.  586, 
1  ab. 

Fabyan,  Robert,  English  chronicler,  YII.  53. 

Facciolati  [fat-cho-la'-te] :  see  Facciolato. 

Facciolato,  Jacopo,  Italian  philologist,  YII.  54. 

Face ,  bones  of  the,  XY.  75,  2  c  (ills.,  76). 

20 


Facial  angle,  Y.  175,  2  c. 

Facing  sand,  for  casting,  IY.  76,  1  be. 

Factor,  in  mercantile  transactions,  YII.  54. 
Duties  and  rights  of,  2  a.  Rights  of  his 
principal,  2  c.  A  factor’s  powers,  55,  1  b. 
Foreign  and  domestic,  2  c. 

Factor  of  safety :  see  Strength  of  Materials, 
XY.  415,  2  c. 

Factories ,  East  India  company’s,  YI.  376,  1  c. 
Factum ,  in  law  :  see  Seal,  XI Y.  736,  1  ab. 
Fac'ulce ,  luminous  solar  streaks,  XY.  472,  2  c. 
Fadas :  see  Fairies,  YII.  64,  1  a. 

Faed,  Thomas  [faid],  Scottish  artist,  YII.  56. 
Faenza  [fa-en'-tsa],  city  of  Italy,  YII.  56. 
F^e'sul^e  :  see  Fiesole. 

Fagine  [fa'-jin],  narcotic  extractive  principle, 
II.  460,  2  be. 

Fagnani,  Joseph  [fa-nyd'-ne],  American  artist, 
YII.  56. 

Fagotto,  musical  instrument :  see  Bassoon,  II. 
372,  1  a. 

Fagus  (botany),  II.  459,  2  ab.  F.  sylvatica, 
2  c  (ill.).  F.  ferruginea,  ib.  F.  obliqua,  460, 

1  a.  Other  species. 

Fahlcrantz,  Karl  Johan  [fal'-krants],  Swedish 
painter,  YII.  56. 

Fahlerz  [fal'-airts],  ore,  XY.  50,  1  c. 

Fahlun  [fa'-loon],  town  of  Sweden,  YII.  57. 

Copper  mines,  1  a ;  Y.  321,  2  a; 
Fahrenheit,  Gabriel  Daniel  [fa'-ren-hite],  Ger¬ 
man  physicist  and  mechanician,  YII.  57. 
His  thermometer,  1  c  ;  XY.  698,  2  b,  ff.  See 
Centigrade.  Hydrometer,  IX.  124,  2  a. 
Fahrlcunst  [far'-koonst],  in  mining,  XI.  575, 1  a. 
Faible ,  in  fencing,  YII.  120,  2  a. 

Faidherbe,  Louis  L6on  Cesar  [fa-dairb],  French 
soldier,  YII.  57 ;  II.  290,  1  c. 

Faience  [fa-yangs],  enamelled  pottery,  YII.  56, 

2  a ;  XIII.  778,  2  a.  Faience  d’Oiron,  782, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Faillon,  Michel  Etienne  [fa-yoDg],  French  the¬ 
ological  and  historical  writer,  YII.  57. 
Failly,  Pierre  Louis  Charles  Acliille  de  [fa- 
ye],  French  soldier,  YII.  57. 

Fair,  YII.  57.  Celebrated  fairs :  of  Great 
Britain,  2  a;  of  France,  2  c;  of  Holland,  59, 
1  b ;  of  Italy,  ib. ;  of  Sp^in  and  Portugal, 
1  c ;  of  Germany,  ib. ;  of  Russia,  2b;  of  Tur¬ 
key,  2  c;  of  Hdia,  60,  1  a;  of  ancient  Mex¬ 
ico,  1  ab. 


30  G 


FAIRBAIRN 


FALLOW 


Fairbairn  [fair'-bern]  Sir  William,  English  en¬ 
gineer  and  machinist,  VII.  60.  (Died  1874.) 
Fairbr other,  Miss:  see  Cambridge,  Dukes  of, 
III.  646,  1  c. 

Fairburg ,  county  seat,  IX.  588,  2  a. 

Fairfax,  county,  VII.  60. 

Fairfax ,  county  seat,  V.  564,  2  a. 

Fairfax,  Edward,  English  poet,  VII.  61. 
Fairfax,  Thomas,  baron,  general,  VII.  61. 
Fairfax,  Thomas,  baron,  colonist  of  Virginia, 
VII.  61.  John  Coutee  Fairfax,  American 
physician,  present  baron,  62,  1  b. 

Fairfax  Court  House ,  county  seat,  VII.  60,  2  c. 
Fairfield,  three  counties,  VII.  62. 

Fairfield,  town  of  Connecticut,  VII.  62. 
Fairfield ,  county  seats,  VII.  473, 1  a ;  IX.  588, 
1  b ;  XV.  154,  2  a;  XVI.  520,  1  ab. 

Faire  Pipaille  [fair  re-pay’],  proverb,  I.  373, 

1  be. 

Fair'ies,  VII.  63.  Of  the  Hindoos,  1  b ;  Per¬ 
sians,  ib. ;  Arabs,  1  be;  Jews,  1  c;  Greeks, 

2  a ;  Romans,  2  b ;  Italians,  ib. ;  southern 
French,  64,  1  a ;  northern  French,  1  ab ; 
Normans,  1  b ;  Scandinavians,  1  c ;  Ger¬ 
mans,  2  b ;  Irish  and  Scotch,  2  c ;  English, 
65,  1  ab  ;  Indians,  1  c ;  Japanese,  ib. 

Fair’mont ,  county  seat,  XI.  168,  1  be. 
Fairmount ,  county  seat,  XI.  208,  1  a. 
Fairmount  water  works ,  XVI.  511,  2  a. 

Fair  Oaks,  Battle  of :  see  Chickaiiominy,  IV. 
411,  2  be. 

Fair  Play ,  county  seat,  XIII.  108,  1  c. 
Fairview ,  county  seat,  VIII.  434,  1  b. 

Fairy  nip,  mark,  VII.  65,  1  a. 

Fairy  rings ,  how  produced,  VII.  531,  2  c; 
XII.  72,  1  b. 

Fairy  sparks,  so  styled,  VII.  65,  1  a. 
Faithorne,  William,  English  engraver,  VII. 

65.  William,  his  son,  2  c. 

Faivre,  Pierre :  see  Lefevre. 

Fakhr  ed-Din  [fakr’  ed-deen'],  Druse  emir,  VI. 
275,  1  a. 

Fa'kir  [Ar.  fa-keer'],  East  Indian  religious  men¬ 
dicant,  VII.  65.  Doing  penance,  2  a  (ill.). 
Falaise  [fa-laiz],  town  of  France,  VII.  66. 

Castle  of,  2  ab  (ill.).  Fair  of  Guibray,  2  c. 
Falasiias  [fa-la'-shas],  Jews  of  Abyssinia,  VII. 

66. 

Falcatus  ensis,  ancient  weapon,  XIV.  725,  2  a. 
Falco  (ornithology),  VII.  67.  F.  peregrinus, 
2  a  (ill.).  F.  anatum,  2  c.  F.  lanarius,  69, 
1  a  (ill.).  F.  gyrfalco,  1  b  (ill.).  F.  litho- 
falco,  XIII.  508, 1  b.  F.  temerarius,  ib. 
Falcon  [faw'-kun],  bird,  VII.  67  (ills.).  Pere¬ 


grine  falcon,  2  a  (ill.).  Lanner,  69, 1  a  (ill.). 
Gerfalcon,  1  b  (ill.). 

Falcon,  small  cannon,  I.  785,  2,  c. 

Falcon  of  Lombardy,  castle,  III.  251,  1  c. 
Falcone,  Aniello  [fal-ko'-n5],  Italian  painter, 
VII.  70. 

Falconer,  Hugh  [faw'-kun-er  or  fawk'-ner], 
British  palaeontologist,  VII.  70. 

Falconer,  William,  British  poet,  VII.  70. 
Falconer,  grand,  of  England,  VII.  71,  1  b. 
Falconet,  Ltienne  Maurice  [fal-kuh-na],  French 
sculptor,  VII.  70. 

Falconry  [faw'-kun-re],  VII.  70. 

Falculia  (ornithology),  referred  to,  VIII.  808, 

1  b. 

Falerii  [fa-le'-re-I],  ancient  city,  VII.  71. 
Falernian  wine,  VII.  71,  2  a ;  XVI.  665,  1  a. 
Falernus  Ager,  ancient  district  of  Italy,  VII. 

71. 

Falesia:  see  Falaise. 

Falieri,  Marino  [fa-le-a'-re],  doge  of  Venice, 

VII.  71.  His  conspiracy,  2  be. 

Falisca:  see  Falerii. 

Falisci,  ancient  Italic  people,  VII.  71,  1  c. 
Falk,  Johann  Daniel  [falk],  German  philan¬ 
thropist  and  author,  VII.  72. 

Falkenstein,  castle  of  [fal'-ken-stine],  VIII.  493, 

2  c. 

Falkirk  [fawl'-kurk],  burgh  of  Scotland,  VII. 

72.  Battles  of,  1  c ;  XVI.  432,  1  b. 
Falkisches  Institut  [fal'-ke-shess  in-ste-toot'] : 

see  Falk. 

Falkland  [fawk'-land],  burgh  of  Scotland,  VII. 
72.  Palace,  2  a  (ill.). 

Falkland,  Lucius  Cary,  viscount,  English 
politician  and  man  of  letters,  VII.  72. 
Falkland  Islands,  S.  Atlantic,  VII.  73. 
Falkner,  Thomas  [fawk'-ner],  English  mis¬ 
sionary,  VII.  74. 

Fallacies,  logical,  X.  579,  2  b. 

Fallbeil  [fal'-bile],  instrument  of  decapitation, 

VIII.  311,  1  a. 

Fall  Indians  (Arapahoes),  I.  632,  2  c. 

Falling  bodies,  laws  of,  XI.  319,  1  c. 

Falling  Stars  :  see  Meteors. 

Fallmerayer,  Philipp  Jakob  [fal'-meh-rl-er], 
German  historian  and  traveller,  VII.  74. 
Fallopian  tubes,  in  anatomy,  VII.  74,  2  b ;  XII. 
568,  2  c. 

Fallopius :  see  Falloppio. 

Falloppio,  Gabriello,  Italian  anatomist,  VII.  7 4. 
Falloux,  Frederic  Alfred  Pierre,  viscount  de, 
[-loo],  French  author  and  statesman,  VII.  74. 
Fallow  Deer,  VII.  75  (ill.).  Hunting,  2  b. 


FALL  RIVER 


FARNESE 


307 


Fall  River,  city  of  Massachusetts,  VII.  75. 

River,  76,  1  b. 

Falls,  county,  VII.  76. 

Falls  City ,  county  seat,  XIV.  315,  2  c. 
Falmouth  [fal'-muth],  seaport  of  England,  VII. 

76.  Royal  Cornwall  polytechnic  society, 

77,  1  a. 

Falmouth ,  county  seats,  XI.  636,  1  b ;  XIII, 
246,  1  c. 

False  Imprisonment,  VII.  77.  Remedies,  1  c. 
False  membrane ,  in  diphtheritic  bronchitis,  III. 
312,  2^a;  in  croup,  V.  517,  2  c ;  in  diph¬ 
theria,  VI.  126,  2  a. 

Falsen,  Knutsen  Magnus  [fal'-zen],  Norwegian 
historian,  VII.  77. 

False  Pretences,  in  law,  VII.  77. 

False  tokens,  VII.  77,  2  c. 

Falster  [fal'-ster],  island  of  Denmark,  VII.  78. 
Falun :  see  Fahlun. 

Falx:  see  Scythe. 

Falx  cerebri ,  in  anatomy,  III.  188,  1  ab.  F. 
cerebelli,  1  be. 

Famagos'ta,  seaport  of  Cyprus,  VII.  78. 
Famagusta  [fa-ma-goos'-ta] :  see  Famagosta, 

“  Familiar  spirit ,  haring  a ,”  XVI.  301,  1  b. 
Family,  in  botany,  XIII.  592,  2  c. 

Family  of  love,  fanatical  sect  in  England,  I. 
172,  2  c. 

Famine  fever,  VII.  169,  1  b. 

Fan,  VII.  78. 

Fanar'iotes,  Greeks  of  Constantinople,  VII.  79. 
Fan  blower,  eccentric,  II.  746,  1  be;  concen¬ 
tric,  2  a. 

Fancy  gourd,  variety  of  squash,  XV.  293,  1  be. 
Fandango,  Spanish  national  dance,  VII.  79. 
Faneuil,  Peter  [pronounced  fun'-el],  merchant 
of  Boston,  VII.  79. 

Faneuil  hall,  VII.  79,  2  c;  III.  118,  2  ab. 
Fanfani,  Pietro  [fan-fa'-ne],  Italian  philologist 
and  novelist,  VII.  80. 

Fanniere,  Francois  Auguste  and  Francois 
Joseph  [fa-nyair],  French  engravers  and  car¬ 
vers,  VII.  80. 

Fannin,  two  counties,  VII.  80. 

Fannin,  James  W.,  American  soldier,  VII.  80. 
Fanning,  David,  tory  and  freebooter,  VII.  80. 
Fano  [fa'-no],  seaport  of  Italy,  VII.  81. 
Fan'siiawe,  Sir  Richard,  English  poet  and 
diplomatist,  VII.  81. 

Fantail ,  pigeon,  XIII.  504,  2  c, 

Fantee',  country  of  Africa,  VII.  81.  Fantee 
woman  (ill.).  See  Ashantee. 

Fan'ti,  Manfredo,  Italian  general,  VII.  82. 
Fanum  Fortunes,  ancient  town,  VII.  81,  1  c. 


Fanum  Sancti  Viti  ad  Flumen ,  city :  see  Fiume. 

Fanum  Yoltumnce ,  ancient  town,  XVI.  394,  1  b. 

Far'aday,  Michael,  English  chemist  and  natu¬ 
ral  philosopher,  VII.  82.  His  ideas  of  re¬ 
ligion,  83, 1  b.  Experiments  in  electro-mag¬ 
netism,  2  a;  on  vibrating  surfaces,  2  c;  on 
frictional  electricity,  84,  2  a.  Discovery  in 
polarization,  X.  450,  2  b.  On  the  law  of 
combining  proportions  in  the  electric  rela¬ 
tions  of  matter,  II.  86,  2  b.  On  the  relations 
of  electricity  to  chemistry,  IV.  367,  2  c. 
Method  of  liquefying  gases,  VIII.  578,  1  a 
(ill.,  577).  “  Faraday’s  glass,”  VIII.  21,  1  b. 
See  Benzine,  IL  544,  1  a.  Discovery  in 
electricity :  see  Faradization.  Discovery  of 
induction  of  galvanic  currents  by  magnetism., 
VII.  586,  1  c ;  of  the  law  of  definite  electro¬ 
chemical  decomposition,  ib. ;  of  the  polariza¬ 
tion  of  the  electric  medium,  VI.  503,  1  a. 
Experiments  in  electro-magnetism,  VI.  515, 
1  be ;  in  magneto-electricity,  XI.  12,  1  a. 

Faradization,  in  electricity,  VII.  85  ;  XI.  335, 
1  a.  Use  of  in  spinal  diseases,  referred  to, 
XV.  271,  1  c. 

Farallones  [fa-ra-lyo'-nace],  islands,  III.  600, 2  c. 

Farcy,  disease  of  horses,  VII.  836,  2  b. 

Fareham,  town  of  England,  VII.  85. 

Farel,  Guillaume  [fa-rel],  French  reformer, 
VII.  86 ;  III.  633,  1  a. 

Farel,  'William :  see  Farel,  Guillaume. 

Faria  y  Sousa,  Manoel  de  [fa-re'-a  e  so^-za], 
Portuguese  historian  and  poet,  VII.  86. 

Faribault  [fa-re-bo'],  county,  VII.  86. 

Faribault,  town  of  Minnesota,  VII.  86. 

Farina,  Giovanni  Maria  [fa-re'-na],  manufac¬ 
turer  of  Cologne  water,  VI.  382,  2  a. 

Farinelli,  Carlo,  Italian  singer,  VII.  86. 

Fario  (ichthyology),  XVI.  8,  1  be.  F.  argen- 
teus,  1  c. 

Farmer,  Hugh,  English  theologian,  VII.  87. 

Farmer,  John,  American  genealogist,  VII.  87. 

Farmers  General,  French  financial  officers, 
VII.  87. 

Farmer's  thermo-electric  battery ,  II.  667,  1  be. 

Farmer's  Valley,  county  seat,  VIII.  413,  2  c. 

Farmersville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  112,  1  a. 

Farmington,  county  seats,  V.  710,  2  a;  VII. 
432,  2  a;  XIV.  531,  1  a. 

Farmington  river,  Connecticut,  V.  251,  2  a. 

Farmville,  county  seat,  XIII.  839,  1  a, 

Farne  Islands,  North  sea,  VII.  87. 

Farnese  [far-na'-za],  family  of  Italian  princes, 
VII.  87.  Pietro,  2  b.  Alessandro  (Pope 
Paul  III.),  ib. ;  XIII.  171,  1  b.  Pietro  Luigi, 


308 


FARNESE 


FAUSTINA 


VII.  87,  2  b.  Ottavio,  2  be.  Alessandro, 
governor  of  the  Low  Countries,  2  c.  Ranu- 
zio  I.,  88,  1  b.  Odoardo,  ib.  Ranuzio  II., 

1  be.  Francesco,  ib.  Antonio,  ib. 

Farnese ,  Elizabeth ,  queen  of  Spain,  XIII.  414, 1  b. 

Farnese  bull ,  marble  group,  VI.  131,  1  a. 

Farnese  gardens ,  Rome,  VII.  88,  2  b. 

Farnese  Hercules,  statue,  referred  to,  VII.  88, 

2  a. 

Farnese  palace,  Rome,  VII.  88, 1  c ;  XIV.  415, 
1  a  (ill.,  414). 

Farnesina  [far-na-ze'-na],  villa,  VII.  88,  2  a. 

Fabnham,  Eliza  W.,  American  philanthropist 
and  author,  VII.  88. 

Farnham,  Thomas  Jefferson,  American  travel¬ 
ler  and  author,  VII.  89. 

Faro,  game  of  cards,  VII.  89. 

Faro  [fa'-roo],  city  of  Portugal,  VII.  89. 

Farociion,  Jean  Baptiste  Eugene  [fa-rhh-sh6ng], 
French  medallist  and  sculptor,  VII.  90. 

Fa'roe  Isles,  Danish  group,  VII.  90. 

Faro  Isles :  see  Faroe. 

Farquhar,  George  [far'-kwar],  British  comic 
dramatist,  VII.  90. 

Farr ,  Dr.  William ,  English  statistician,  his 
plan  of  life  insurance,  X.  429,  1  b ;  431,  2  c. 

Far'ragut,  David  Glascoe,  American  admiral, 
VII.  90.  Reduction  of  the  defences  of  Mo¬ 
bile  bay,  I.  233,  2  b. 

Farrar,  John,  American  mathematician,  VII. 
92.  Eliza  Rotch,  authoress,  92,  1  b. 

Farren,  Eliza,  countess  of  Derby,  English  ac¬ 
tress,  VII.  92. 

Fars,  province  of  Persia,  VII.  92. 

Farsistan' :  see  Fars. 

Farthing ,  coin,  XIII.  271,  1  c.  * 

Farthingale,  article  of  dress,  VII.  92. 

Farwell,  county  seat,  IV.  631,  1  be. 

Fasces  [fas'-seez],  (bundle  of  rods  with  an  axe), 
Roman  symbol  of  office,  referred  to,  V.  281, 
1  b ;  XI.  413,  1  b. 

Fascia ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  c. 

Fasciae  [fas'-se-e],  of  muscles,  XII.  67,  1  b. 

Fasciae,  Roman  leg  bandages,  XV.  390,  2  c. 

Fast,  religious  observance,  VII.  92.  By  Mo¬ 
hammedans,  1  c ;  by  ancient  and  modern 
Hebrews,  93,  1  a;  by  the  Greek  and  Latin 
churches,  ib.  (distinction  between  fasting 
and  abstinence,  lb);  by  Protestant  churches 
in  England  and  the  United  States,  ib. ;  by 
the  New  England  Puritans,  1  c. 

Fast  castle  (Wolf’s  Crag),  referred  to,  II.  588, 
1  a. 

Fastens :  see  Lent,  X.  344,  2  b. 


Fasti,  Roman  calendars,  VII.  93.  F.  calen* 
dares  or  sacri,  2  a.  F.  Maffeani  and  Ver- 
riani,  2  c.  F.  Capitolini,  94,  1  a. 

Fasting,  as  distinguished  from  abstinence  in 
the  Greek  and  Latin  churches,  VII.  93, 1  ab,  b. 

Fastingtide,  X.  344,  2  b. 

Fastmass,  X.  344,  2  b. 

Fat  :  see  Adipose  Substances,  Aliment,  and 
Corpulence. 

Fataghur  [fat-a-gur'J :  see  Futtehghur. 

Fata  Morgana  [fa'-ta  mor-ga'-na],  mirage,  VII. 
94.  Fairy,  1  ab  ;  63,  2  c. 

Fata  Silvanella,  fairy,  VII.  63,  2  c. 

Fate  [fa'-ta],  fairies,  VII.  63,  2  be. 

Fates  :  see  Parole. 

Fat-hen,  species  of  pigweed,  XIII.  509,  1  a. 

Father  long-legs,  species  of  spider,  XV.  266, 1  c. 

Fathers  of  the  Pious  Schools :  see  Piarists. 

Fatigue  of  metals,  IX.  375,  2  c;  X  V.  419,  1  c. 

Fatima  [fa'-te-ma],  "daughter  of  Mohammed, 
XI.  695,  1  ab ;  VII.  94,  1  c. 

Fa'timites,  Arab  dynasty,  VII.  94 ;  II.  24, 1  b ; 
III.  617,  2  ab. 

Fats :  see  Oils  and  Fats. 

Fat'sia  papyrif'era  (botany), XIV.  311, 1  b  (ill.). 

Fatty  balsam  of  sulphur,  X.  513,  1  be. 

Fatty  degeneration ,  of  the  heart,  VIII.  565,  1  b. 

Fauces ,  isthmus  of  the  (anatomy),  XII.  817, 1  c. 
Pillars  of  the,  XV.  794,  2  c;  XVI.  239,  1  b. 

Fauche,  Ilippolyte  [foashj,  French  orientalist, 
VII.  94.  J 

Faucher,  Leon  [fo-sha],  French  political  econ¬ 
omist,  VII.  94. 

Faulk,  county,  VII.  95. 

Fault,  in  coal  beds,  V.  68,  2  c.  In  strata,  I.  591, 
2  b ;  XII.  9,  1  c. 

Fauns,  in  Roman  mythology,  VII.  95. 

Faunt'leroy,  Henry,  English  forger,  VII.  95. 

Faunus ,  mythical  king  of  Latium,  VII.  95,  1  a. 
Identified  with  Pan,  XIII.  31,  2  b. 

Fauquier  [faw'-keer],  county,  VII.  95. 

Faure,  Jean  Baptiste  [fore],  French  vocalist, 
VII.  95.  Constance  Caroline  Lefebvre,  2  b. 

Fauriel,  Claude  Charles  [fo-re-el],  French  his¬ 
torian  and  critic,  VII.  95. 

Faust,  Dr.  Johann  [fowst],  of  German  legend 
and  poetry,  VII.  96. 

Faust,  Johann,  printer,  VII.  96.  See  Guten¬ 
berg,  VIII.  341, 1  c ;  Printing,  XIII.  846, 1  c. 

Faus'tin  I.  [Fr.  foce-tang] :  see  Soulouque. 

Faustina,  Annia  Galeria  (F.  Senior),  wife  of 
Antoninus  Pius,  VII.  97 ;  I.  575,  2  be.  Annia 
(F.  Junior),  wife  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  VII. 
97,  1  c;  I.  574,  2  a  and  c ;  575,  2  be. 


FAUSTINOPOLIS 


FEEJEE 


309 


Faustinop'olis ,  ancient  city,  VII.  97,  2  a. 

Faustus :  see  Faust,  Dr.  Johann. 

Fauyeau,  F61icie  de  [fo-vo],  French  sculptress, 

VII.  97. 

Fauvelet,  Jean  Baptiste  [fove-la],  French 
painter,  VII.  97. 

Faux  [fo],  Swiss  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Favara  [fa-va'-ra],  town  of  Sicily,  VII.  97. 

Fayart,  Marie  Justine  Benoite  [fa-var],  French 
actress,  VII.  97.  Charles  Simon,  dramatist, 
2  c.  Charles  Nicolas  Joseph  Justin,  actor 
and  playwright,  98,  1  a. 

Fayart,  Pierrette  Ignace  (Marie  Favart),  ac¬ 
tress,  VII.  98. 

Faventia ,  ancient  towns :  see  Faenza,  and  Bar¬ 
celona,  II.  304,  1  c. 

Fav'ersham,  town  of  England,  VII.  98. 

Favignana  [fa-ve-nya'-na],  island  of  Italy, 
VII.  98. 

Fay'osites,  fossil  corals,  VII.  98  (ill.). 

Favras,  Thomas  Mahi,  marquis  de  [fa-vras], 
French  conspirator,  VII.  98. 

Fayre,  Jules  Claude  Gabriel  [favr’],  French 
statesman  and  advocate,  VII.  98;  III.  53, 
1  ah,  c ;  54,  2  be. 

Fame ,  Frangois  Xavier,  painter,  I.  249,  1  b. 

Fame ,  Pierre :  see  Lefeyre. 

Favus ,  disease  of  the  scalp,  VI.  689,  1  b. 

Fawcett,  Henry,  English  political  writer  and 
statesman,  VII.  99 ;  XIII.  674,  1  b.  Milli- 
cent  Garrett,  authoress,  VII.  99,  2  b. 

Fawkes,  Guy,  English  conspirator,  VII.  99. 

Fawn ,  III.  385,  1  c;  VII.  75,  1  c. 

Faxardo,  Diego  Saavedra  y  [sa-a-va'-^ra  e 
fa-khar-^o],  author  and  statesman,  VII.  100. 

Fay,  Andras  [fa'-e],  Hungarian  poet,  VII.  100. 

Fay,  Theodore  Sedgwick,  American  author, 
VII.  100. 

Fayal  [fl-al'],  island  of  the  Azores,  VII.  100. 

Fayence :  see  Faience  (Index). 

Fayette',  name  of  eleven  counties,  VII.  100. 

Fayette ,  county  seat,  IX.  18,  1  b. 

FAY'ETTEYiLLE,city  of  North  Carolina,  VII.  102. 

Fayetteville ,  county  seat,  VII.  101,  1  be,  c 
(two) ;  X.  487,  2  c ;  XVI.  474,  2  c ;  661, 1  b. 

Fayoom,  or  Fayum  [fi-oom'],  valley  of  Egypt, 
VII.  102;  VI.  455,  1  ab. 

Fazy,  Jean  James  [fa-ze],  Swiss  politician,  VII. 
103. 

Fe'alty ,  oath  of:  see  Feudal  System,  VII. 
161,  2  a. 

Fearne  [fern] :  see  Farne. 

Feather  alum ,  XV.  453,  2  b. 

Feather  Grass,  VII.  103  (ill.). 


Featiier  Eiver,  California,  VII.  103. 
Feathers,  VII.  103.  Parts  of  a  feather,  1  be 
(ill.,  104).  Development  of  feathers,  104, 
2  c,  ff.  (ills.,  104— ’5).  Nomenclature  of,  105, 
2  be.  Powers  of  flight,  106, 1  a.  Oil  glands, 
1  ab.  Plumage  of  birds,  1  b.  Value  of 
feathers,  2  c.  See  V.  184,  1  c. 

Feather  star ,  star  fish,  XV.  320,  2  c. 
Febric'ula:  see  Fevers,  VII.  164,  2  ab. 
Febronianism ,  system  of  church  government, 

VIII.  801,  2  c. 

Febronius ,  Justinus ,  pseudonyme,  VIII.  801, 2  be. 
Februa ,  Boman  festival,  VII.  107,  1  a;  X.  723, 
1  b. 

February,  calendar  month,  VII.  107. 

Februus ,  in  Roman  mythology,  X.  723,  1  b. 
Fecamp  [fa-kang],  seaport  of  France,  VII.  107. 
Fechner,  Gustav  Theodor  [fech'-ner],  German 
naturalist,  VII.  107. 

Fechter,  Charles  Albert  [fesh'-ter;  Fr.  fesh- 
tair],  Anglo-French  actor,  VII.  107. 
Feciales:  see  Fetiales. 

Fec’ula :  see  Starch. 

Fecundity ,  of  animals,  I.  511,  2  b;  of  insects, 

IX.  313,  1  be. 

Fedchenko,  Alexei,  Russian  naturalist,  VII.107. 
Fedelini  [fa-da-le'-ne],  kind  of  macaroni,  X. 
767,  2  a. 

Federal  council ,  of  the  German  empire,  VII. 

750,  l  b;  of  Switzerland,  XV.  528,  1  ab. 

“ Federalist ,  The”  series  of  political  essays, 
VIII.  417,  2  c;  X.  824,  1  b. 

Federalists,  American  political  party,  VII. 
108 ;  IX.  592,  2  c.  Origin  of  the  charge  of 
treasonable  designs  against  the  Union,  1. 100, 
1  c ;  repeated  by  J.  Q.  Adams,  104,  1  a. 
Disruption  and  overthrow  of  the  federal 
party,  I.  91,  1  c;  VIII.  490,  2  a. 

Federation ,  feast  of  the,  in  Paris,  XV.  557, 1  be. 
Referred  to,  IV.  247,  2  b  (fete  de  la  federa¬ 
tion). 

Fedia  olitoria  (botany),  XVI.  245,  2  c. 

Fedor  :  see  Feodor. 

Fees  [fa] :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  a. 

Fee,  law  term,  VII.  108.  Fee  simple,  1  c,  109, 

1  a;  VI.  737,  2  a;  fee  simple  absolute,  2  c. 
Qualified  fee,  VII.  108,  2  c.  Determinable 
fee,  ib .,  and  VI.  737,  2  b.  Conditional  fee, 
VII.  108,  2  c.  Fee  tail,  109,  1  a;  VI.  737, 

2  a,  ab. 

Fee  bills ,  X.  238,  1  a. 

Feejee  Islands,  VII.  109.  Constituent  parts 
of  the  group,  1  c.  Climate,  110,  1  b.  Bo¬ 
tanical  productions,  ib.  Fauna,  2  a.  Na- 


310 


FEELING 


FENIANS 


tives,  2  be  (ill.,  111).  Social  customs  and 
laws,  111,  1  a,  ff.  Religions,  112,  1  c.  Fee- 
jeean  language,  113,  1  a.  Origin  of  the 
Feejee  group,  1  be.  Discovery  of,  and  subse¬ 
quent  history,  2  a. 

Feeling  lever,  referred  to,  VII J.  138,  1  b. 
Fehmarn,  or  Fehmern  :  see  Femern. 
Fehmgeriohte  [faim'-geh-rich-teh] :  see  Veh- 
mio  Courts. 

Feilding  [feel'-ding],  English  surname,  VII. 

179,  2  a;  VIII.  450,  1  a. 

Feith,  Rhijnvis  [fite],  Dutch  poet,  VII.  113. 
Felaniche  [fa-la-ne'-cha] :  see  Felanitx. 
Felanitx  [-neech'J,  town  of  Majorca,  VII.  114. 
Feldkircii  [felt'-keerch],  town  of  Austria,  VII. 
114. 

Feld'spar,  in  mineralogy,  VII.  114.  Soil  de¬ 
rived  from,  115,  1  b.  Its  fertilizing  quality, 
VIII.  24,  2  c. 

Felegyhaza,  or  Felegyhaza  [fa/-  or  feh'-ledj- 
ha-zaw],  town  of  Hungary,  VII.  115. 

Felice,  Fortunato  Bartolommeo  [fa-le'-cha], 
Italian  author,  VII.  115. 

Fe'lidce  (zoology),  structure  of,  IV.  10,  2  b. 
Felis  (zoology),  IV.  91,  1  be.  F.  catus,  92,  2  b 
(ill.).  F.  concolor,  V.  422, 1  c  (ill.).  F.  eyra, 
XV.  750,  2  b.  F.  ferox,  V.  80,  2  c  (ill.,  81). 
F.  jubata,  X.  354,  2  b  (ill.).  F.  leo,  514,  2  c. 
F.  leopardus,  354,  1  c.  F.  lynx,  754,  2  a.  F. 
macrocelis,  III.  104,  2  ab  ;  XV.  750,  2  c  (ill.). 
F.  macroura,  XII.  574,  1  a.  F.  maniculata, 
IV.  91,  2  c  (ill.,  92).  F.  mitis,  337,  2  c  (ill.). 
F.  onca,  IX.  506,  2  a  (ill.).  F.  pardalis,  XII. 
573,  2  a  (ill.).  F.  pardus,  XIII.  39,  1  c.  F. 
serval,  XIV.  779,  2  b.  F.  tigrina,  XII.  574, 

1  a  (ill.,  573).  F.  tigris,  XV.  750,  1  a  (ill.). 
F.  uncia,  XII.  741,  2  c  (ill.).  F.  yaguarundi, 
XV.  750,  2  b. 

Felix ,  bishop  of  Urgel,  I.  130,  1  a. 

Felix,  saint  (Felix  of  Valois),  VII.  115. 

Felix,  Celestin  Joseph  [fa-leece],  French  preach¬ 
er,  VII.  115. 

Felix,  Minucius,  Christian  rhetorician,  X.  198, 

2  be. 

Felix  Meritis ,  scientific  and  artistic  association 
in  Amsterdam,  I.  444,  2  c. 

Fell,  snowless  mountain,  IX.  150,  1  a. 

Fellahs,  peasantry  of  Egypt,  &c.,  VII.  116  (ill.). 
Fellani:  see  Foolahs. 

Fellatahs  :  see  Foolaiis. 

Fellenberg,  Philipp  Emanuel  von,  Swiss  edu¬ 
cator  and  philanthropist,  VII.  116. 

Feller,  Frangois  Xavier  de  [fel-lair],  Belgian 
author,  VII.  117. 


Fellow  commoners,  at  Cambridge  university, 
III.  644,  2  b. 

Fellowes,  Robert,  English  author,  VII.  117. 
Fellows,  of  the  English  universities,  V.  58, 1  b. 

At  Oxford,  XII.  764,  1  a. 

Fellows,  Sir  Charles,  English  traveller  and 
archaeologist,  VII.  117. 

Fellowships ,  university,  XII.  764,  2  b. 

Felltham ,  Owen :  see  Feltham. 

Felly,  of  a  wheel,  XVI.  591,  2  b. 

Felo  de  Se,  in  law,  VII.  117. 

Felon,  abscess :  see  Whitlow. 

Felony,  in  law,  VII.  118.  Against  one’s  self, 
117,  2  b. 

Felsenmeer  [fel'-zen-mair],  sea  of  rocks,  IX. 
426,  1  b  (Iserlohn). 

Fel'sina,  ancient  town,  III.  19,  1  c  (Bologna). 
Felsing,  Jakob,  German  engraver,  VII.  118. 
Felsite,  mineral,  VII.  115,  1  a. 

Felt,  fabric,  VII.  118. 

Fel'tham,  Owen,  English  author,  VII.  119. 
Felton,  executed  for  posting  the  pope’s  excom¬ 
munication  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  VI.  533,  1  b. 
Felton,  Cornelius  Conway,  American  scholar 
and  writer,  VII.  119. 

Felton,  John ,  assassin,  III.  386,  1  c. 

Feltre  [fel'-tra],  town  of  Italy,  VII.  119. 
Feltre,  Duke  of:  see  Clarke,  IV.  639,  2  c. 
Female  Messiah,  sought  by  Enfantin,  VI.  ’595, 
2  c. 

Female  principle,  in  mythology,  VIII.  702, 1  b. 
Femern  [fa'-mern],  island  of  Prussia,  VII.  120. 
Feminis,  first  manufacturer  of  Cologne  water, 

VI.  382,  1  c. 

Fem  So,  lake  of  Norway,  VII.  467,  1  c. 
Fencing,  with  sword  or  foil,  VII.  120. 
Fenelon,  Bertrand  de  Salignac  [fa-nuh-long], 
marquis  de  la  Mothe,  French  diplomatist, 

VII.  122. 

Fenelon,  Frangois  de  Salignac  de  la  Mothe, 
or  Lamotte,  French  prelate,  VII.  122.  Fran- 
gois  de  Salignac  de  la  Mothe,  missionary, 
124,  1  be. 

Fenelon,  Gabriel  Jacques  de  Salignac,  mar¬ 
quis  de  la  Mothe,  soldier  and  diplomatist, 
VII.  124. 

Fenian  brotherhood:  see  Fenians,  VII.  124, 
2  b;  130,  1  b. 

Fenians,  Irish  political  association,  VII.  124. 
Its  growth  in  the  United  States,  125, 1  b.  At¬ 
tempt  at  revolution  in  Ireland,  2  c ;  its  fail¬ 
ure,  126, 1  a-c.  Third  Fenian  congress  in  the 
United  States,  126,  1  c ;  party  dissensions, 
2  a-bc  ;  127, 1  a-bc.  Disaffection  in  Ireland, 


FENNEC 


FERMENTATION 


311 


126,  2  c.  Attempted  invasion  of  the  Brit¬ 
ish  provinces,  127,  1  a-c.  Rising  in  Ireland, 
128,  1  c ;  its  failure,  2  ab.  Abortive  expe¬ 
dition  to  Ireland  from  New  York,  2  c.  Re¬ 
newed  Fenian  dissensions,  129,  1  a.  Fenian 
trials  and  executions  in  England,  1  be,  2  b-c ; 
popular  agitation,  1  c-2  be.  Attempts  to 
harmonize  the  party,  130,  1  a-bc.  Raid 
upon  Canada,  2  a. 

Fen'neo,  canine  animal,  VII.  130  (ill.,  131). 

Fennel,  plant,  VII.  131  (ill.).  Azorean,  2  a. 

Fenni,  ancient  people,  VII.  206,  1  b. 

Fenris ,  in  Norse  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  a. 

Fenton,  Edward,  English  navigator,  VII.  131. 
Sir  Geoffrey,  author  and  statesman,  2  c. 
Elijah,  poet,  132,  1  a. 

Fentress,  county,  VII.  132. 

Fenwick,  George,  governor  of  Saybrook,  and 
one  of  the  judges  of  Charles  I.,  VII.  132. 

Feodor  [fSh'-o-dor],  three  emperors  of  Russia, 
VII.  132. 

Feodosia  :  see  Kaffa. 

Feodosia ,  strait  of,  III.  113,  1  c. 

Feoffment ,  charter  of  [feff-ment],  X.  544,  1  b. 

Feodum  [fu'-dum] :  see  Fee,  VII.  108,  1  be, 
and  Feudal  System,  160,  1  b. 

Fera,  fish,  referred  to,  VII.  220,  1  b. 

Fera'lia ,  Roman  festival,  XI.  101,  2  c. 

Ferdinand,  name  of  several  European  sove¬ 
reigns,  VII.  132. 

I.  GERMANY. 

Ferdinand  I.,  emperor  of  Germany,  VII.  132. 

Ferdinand  II.,  emperor  of  Germany  and  king 
of  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  VII.  133. 

Ferdinand  III.,  emperor  of  Germany  and  king 
of  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  VII.  133. 

Ferdinand  I.,  emperor  of  Austria  and  king  of 
Hungary  and  Bohemia,  VII.  133. 

II.  NAPLES. 

Ferdinand  I.,  king  of  Naples,  natural  son  of 
Alfonso  the  Magnanimous,  VII.  133.  Le¬ 
gitimated  by  a  papal  bull,  I.  297,  1  b. 

Ferdinand  II.,  king  of  Naples,  VII.  134. 

Ferdinand  III. :  see  Ferdinand  V.  of  Spain. 

Ferdinand  IV.,  king  of  Naples  (Ferdinand  I., 
king  of  the  Two  Sicilies),  VII.  134. 

Ferdinand  II.,  king  of  the  Two  Sicilies  (King 
Bomba),  VII.  134. 

III.  SPAIN. 

Ferdinand  I.,  the  Great,  king  of  Castile,  Leon, 
and  Galicia,  VII.  135. 


Ferdinand  II.,  king  of  Leon,  Asturias,  and 
Galicia,  VII.  135. 

Ferdinand  III.,  saint,  king  of  Castile  and  Leon, 
VII.  135. 

Ferdinand  IV.,  king  of  Castile  and  Leon,  VII. 

135. 

Ferdinand  V.  of  Castile,  II.  of  Aragon,  III.  of 
Naples,  and  II.  of  Sicily  (the  Catholic),  VII. 

136.  See  Isabella. 

Ferdinand  VI.,  king  of  Spain,  VII.  137. 
Ferdinand  VII.,  king  of  Spain,  VII.  137. 

IV.  TUSCANY. 

Ferdinand  III.,  grand  duke  of  Tuscany  and 
archduke  of  Austria,  VII.  138. 

Ferdinand  IV.,  grand  duke  of  Tuscany  and 
archduke  of  Austria,  VII.  139. 


Ferdinand  (Augustus  Francis  Anthony),  titu¬ 
lar  king  of  Portugal,  VII.  139. 

Ferdinandea ,  VIII.  144, 1  b  (Graham  Island). 

Ferdousi ,  Ferdusi :  see  Firdusi. 

Ferentino  [fa-ren-te'-no],  town  of  Italy,  VII. 

139. 

Ferenti'num :  see  Ferentino. 

Ferguson,  Adam,  Scottish  philosopher  and 
historian,  VII.  139. 

Ferguson,  James,  Scottish  philosopher  and  as¬ 
tronomer,  VII.  139. 

Ferguson,  Robert,  English  physician,  VII.  140. 

Fergusson,  James,  English  writer  on  architec¬ 
ture,  VII.  140. 

Fergusson,  Sir  William,  Scottish  surgeon,  VII. 

140.  (Died  1877.) 

Ferha ,  supreme  original  being,  IV.  546,  1  c. 

Fe'rice  denica'les ,  sacrifices,  XI.  101,  2  c. 

Ferice  Lati'noz ,  festival,  X.  202,  2  be. 

Ferishtah,  Mohammed  Kasim  [fer'-ish-ta], 
Persian  historian,  VII.  140. 

Ferland,  Jean  Baptiste  Antoine  [fair-lang], 
Canadian  historian,  VII.  141. 

Ferman :  see  Firman. 

Fermanagh  [fer-man'-a],  county  of  Ireland, 
VII.  141. 

Fermat,  Pierre  de  [fair-ma],  French  mathemati¬ 
cian,  VII.  141.  See  Geometry,  VII.  701,  2  ab. 

Fer'ment:  see  Fermentation,  VII.  141,  1  c. 

Fermentation,  VII.  141.  Saccharine  fermen¬ 
tation,  2  b ;  alcoholic  or  vinous,  142,  1  a 
(ills.,  143)  ;  acetic,  143,  2  a ;  lactic,  2  b  ; 
butyric,  144,  1  a;  viscous  or  mucous,  id. ; 
putrefactive,  1  b.  Pasteur’s  theory  of  fer¬ 
mentation,  2  b,  and  XIII.  153,  2  b ;  Fremy’s, 
VII.  145,  1  a;  Liebig’s,  X.  415,  2  be.  Hah 


312 


FERMENTING 


FETIALES 


lier’s  experiments,  YII.  145,  2  a  (ills.).  Beale’s 
investigations  on  the  yeast  plant,  146,  1  b 
(ills.,  143);  Bechamp’s  on  chalk,  2  a.  Re¬ 
tardation  or  arrest  of  fermentation,  2  c. 
Causes  of,  147,  1  b. 

Fermenting  tun ,  of  a  brewery,  III.  260,  2  b. 
Fermo  [fair'-mo],  town  of  Italy,  YII.  147. 
Fer'moy,  town  of  Ireland,  YII.  147. 

Fern ,  Fanny ,  pseudonyme,  XIII.  141,  2  b. 
Fern,  Male :  see  Male  Fern. 

Fern ,  sweet,  II.  407,  1  c. 

Fernan  Caballero  [fair-nan'  ka-ba-lya'-ro],  nom 
de  plume,  II.  790,  1  b. 

Fernandez  de  Taos ,  county  seat,  XY.  568,  1  b. 
Fernandina  [fer-nan-de'-na],  town  of  Florida, 
YII.  148. 

Fernando  de  Noronha  [fair-nan '-do  da  no-ro'- 
nya],  Brazilian  islands,  YII.  148. 

Fernando  Po,  island  of  Africa,  YII.  148. 

Clarence  peak,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Ferney,  or  Fernex  [fair-na],  town  of  France, 
residence  of  Yoltaire,  YII.  149. 

Fernig,  Felicite  and  Th6ophile  de  [fair-ne], 
French  heroines,  YII.  149. 

Fern  Islands :  see  Farne. 

Fernkorn,  Anton  Dominik  [fairn'-korn],  Ger¬ 
man  sculptor  and  bronze  founder,  YII.  149. 
Ferns,  YII.  149.  Rock  fern,  150,  1  c  (ill.). 
Hart’s  tongue,  2  a  (ill.).  Maiden-hair,  ib. 
(ill.).  Brake,  ib.  (ill.).  Adder’s  tongue,  2  b 
(ill.,  151).  Mode  of  fecundation,  151,  1  a. 
Number  and  distribution,  1  b.  Tree  ferns, 
1  c  (ill.).  Classification,  ib.  Uses,  ib.  Cul¬ 
tivation,  2  a. — Flowering  ferns :  see  Osmun- 
da.  See  Male  Fern,  and  Ostrich  Fern. 
Feron,  Firmin  Eloi  [fa-rong],  painter,  YII.  152. 
Feroze  canal  [fa-ro'-zeh],  IX.  713,  1  a;  XY. 
69,  1  ab. 

Ferozepoor',  town  of  India,  YII.  152. 

Feroze  Togluk  [to-glook'],  emperor  of  India,  IX. 

208,  1  a;  XY.  69,  1  ab,  b  (Feroze  Shah). 
Ferrand,  Antoine  Francois  Claude,  count  [fair- 
rang],  politician  and  historian,  YII.  152. 
Ferrara  [fair-ra'-ra],  province  of  Italy,  YII. 

152.  Capital  city,  1  c.  University,  153, 1  c. 
Castle,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ferrari  (Bartolommeo,  1497-1544),  a  founder 
of  the  Barnabites,  II.  318,  2  c. 

Ferrari,  Gaudenzio,  Milanese  painter,  YII. 

153. 

Ferrari,  Giuseppe,  Italian  philosopher  and  his¬ 
torian,  YII.  153. 

Ferrari,  Ludovico,  mathematician,  I.  302,  1  a. 
Ferrari,  Luigi,  Italian  sculptor,  YII.  154. 


Ferre,  Theophile  Charles  [fair-ra],  French  com¬ 
munist,  YII.  154. 

Ferreira,  Antonio  [fair-ra'-e-ra],  Portuguese 
poet,  YII.  154. 

Ferrel,  his  treatise  “  On  the  Motions  of  Fluids 
and  Solids,  relative  to  the  Earth’s  Surface,” 
XI.  447,  1  c.  Law  of  storms,  IX.  81,  1  b. 
Ferret,  carnivorous  animal,  YII.  154  (ill.). 
Ferric  acid,  ferric  oxide ,  IX.  366,  1  c. 

Fer'rier,  James  Frederick,  Scottish  metaphy¬ 
sician,  YII.  155.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  430, 

1  ab;  446,  1  a. 

Ferrier,  Susan  Edmonston,  novelist,  YII.  155. 
Ferrieres  [fair-yair],  village  of  France,  YII. 
155. 

Ferriol,  count  de  [fair-yul] :  see  Ai'ssk. 

Fer'ro,  island,  Canaries,  YII.  155. 
Ferrocyanide  of  iron,  IX.  366,  2  ab. 

Ferrol  [fair-role'],  city  of  Spain,  YII.  155. 
Ferro-manganese ,  IX.  372,  1  b;  XY.  361,  2  b. 
Ferroso- ferric  oxide,  IX.  366,  1  c. 

Ferrous  oxide,  IX.  366,  1  b. 

Ferrum  :  see  Iron. 

Ferry,  in  law,  YII.  155. 

Ferry  Hook  (now  Troy,  N.  Y.),  XYI.  12,  1  c. 
Ferryland  (now  Newfoundland),  III.  629,  2  ab. 
Fersen,  Axel,  count  [fair'-zen],  Swedish  sol¬ 
dier,  YII.  156. 

Fer'ula  (botany),  referred  to,  YII.  561,  1  a. 
Ferrers,  in  Persian  demonology,  Y.  793,  2  c. 
Fesca,  Friedrich  Ernst,  German  composer  and 
musician,  YII.  156.  Alexander  Ernst,  2  b. 
Fes'cennine  Yerses,  licentious  poems,  YII.  156. 
Fescen'nium ,  ancient  city,  YII.  156,  2  be. 
Fesch,  Joseph  [fesh],  cardinal,  YII.  156. 
Fescue ,  grass,  YIII.  168,  1  c. 

Fess,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672, 1  c.  Per  fess,  671, 

2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Fessenden,  Thomas  Green,  American  author 
and  journalist,  YII.  157. 

Fessenden,  William  Pitt,  statesman,  YII.  157. 
Fessler,  Ignaz  Aurelius,  Hungarian  author, 
YII.  157^ 

Fessler,  Joseph,  Austrian  prelate,  YII.  158. 
Fess  point,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  671,  2  a.  (See 
plate.) 

Festa  di  cattedra ,  festival  in  Rome,  YII.  79, 1  c. 
Festu’ca  ela'tior  (botany),  YIII.  168,  1  c.  F. 

ovina,  ib.\  var.  duriuscula,  ib. 

Festum  fatuorum,  or  follorum :  see  Fools, 
Feast  of. 

Fetii  Ali,  shah  of  Persia,  YII.  158. 

Fetiales  [fe-she-a'-leez],  college  of  priests  in 
ancient  Rome,  YII.  158  ;  X.  222,  1  b. 


FETICHISM 


FIELD 


313 


Fetichism  [fet'-ish-ism],  form  of  idolatry,  VII. 
158 ;  XIV.  823,  2  b. 

Feticism:  see  Fetichism. 

F£tis,  Francois  Joseph  [fa-teece],  Belgian  com¬ 
poser,  VII.  159. 

Fetishism :  see  Fetichism. 

Fettling ,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX.  399,  2  a. 

FEucnisRES,  Sophie  de,  baroness  [fiih-shair], 
VII.  159 ;  III.  157,  1  c. 

Feudal  System,  VII.  159.  Nature  of  benefices 
and  fiefs,  160,  1  b.  Growth  of  the  hereditary 
principle,  1  c.  Allodial  proprietors,  2  b. 
Commendation,  2  c.  Edict  of  Milan,  161, 
1  b.  Essential  facts  of  the  feudal  system, 
1  be.  Ceremonies  on  the  conferring  of  a 
fief,  2  a.  Duties  of  a  vassal,  2  b.  Powers 
of  the  feudal  lord,  ib.  Exclusive  spirit  of 
the  system,  162,  1  a.  Causes  of  its  decline, 
1  b. — Foundation  of  the  feudal  system  in 
England,  VI.  620,  2  a;  in  France,  IV.  285, 

1  a,  and  VII.  380,  1  a.  Feudal  castles,  I. 
663,  1  b.  Feudal  military  system,  I.  744, 

2  b,  ff.  Feudal  tenure,  XV.  654,  2  a,  ff. 

Feudum,  VII.  108,  1  be. 

Feuerbach,  Paul  Johann  Anselm  [foi'-er-bakh], 
German  jurist,  VII.  162.  Ludwig  Andreas, 
philosopher,  2  b. 

Feuillants  [fuh-yang],  religious  order,  VII.  163. 

Feuillants ,  societe  des  [so-se-a-ta  da],  political 
club  in  Paris,  IX.  500,  1  a;  VII.  163,  1  be. 

Feuillet,  Octave  [fuh-ya],  French  novelist  and 
dramatist,  VII.  163. 

Feval,  Paul  Henri  Corentin  [fa-val],  French 
novelist,  VII.  163. 

Fever,  VII.  163.  Acclimating  fever,  I.  59, 
2  a ;  in  Liberia,  X.  397,  2  b.  African  fever,  ib. 

Fever  and  ague ,  VII.  164,  2  c. 

Fever  Bush,  VII.  164  (ill.). 

Fevers,  VII.  164.  Ephemeral,  2  ab.  Classes 
of,  2  b.  Periodical  fevers :  intermittent  and 
remittent,  2  be;  typho-malarial,  165,  2  be; 
yellow  fever,  2  c.  Continued  fevers :  typhus, 
166,  2  c;  typhoid,  167,  2  ab ;  typho-malarial, 
168,  2  c;  spotted,  ib. ;  relapsing,  169,  1  ab  ; 
epidemic  erysipelas,  2  b.  Eruptive  fevers*, 
scarlet  fever,  170,  1  b.  See  Chicken  Pox, 
Smallpox,  Measles,  and  Plague. 

Feversham :  see  Faversham. 

Fever  tree ,  VI.  768,  2  c  (Eucalyptus). 

Feydeau,  Ernest  Aime  [fa-do],  French  author, 
VII.  171. 

Feyjoo  y  Montenegro,  Francisco  Benito  Jero¬ 
nimo  [fa-e-kho-o'  e  mone-ta-nu/-gro],  Spanish 

1  reformer,  VII.  171. 


Fez,  province  of  Morocco,  VII.  171.  Capital 
city,  2  b. 

Fez,  cap,  VII.  171,  2  c;  XI.  841,  1  b. 

Fezzan',  country  of  N.  Africa,  VII.  172. 

Fiammingo  [fyam-ming'-go] :  see  Calvaert. 

Fiard,  Jean  Baptiste,  abbe  [fyar],  VII.  172. 

Fiber  zibethicus  (zoology),  XII.  102,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Fur  of,  VII.  539,  1  ab. 

Fibre ,  vegetable,  XIII.  578,  2  b  (ills.).  Bast 
fibres,  579,  la;  II.  314,  1  ab.  See  Bast. 

Fibres ,  animal,  I.  463,  1  b.  See  Histology, 
and  Muscle. 

Fibrine  [fi'-brin],  VII.  172;  III.  198,  2  a,  ab ; 
XIII.  45,  1  c.  Vegetable:  see  Gluten. 

Fib' rinous  flakes,  in  the  blood,  II.  732,  1  a. 

Fibrous  tissue :  see  Cellular  Tissue. 

Fibrous  tumors,  alluded  to,  IV.  175,  1  b. 

Fibro-vascular  tissue,  of  plants,  XIII.  578,  2  b. 

Fichte,  Johann  Gottlieb  [fich'-teh],  German 
philosopher,  VII.  173.  His  religious  theories, 
2  a.  Philosophy  of,  2  be.  See  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  813, 1  b ;  Philosophy,  XIII 
430,  1  a,  442,  1  be. — Immanuel  Hermann, 
philosopher,  174,  2  b. 

Fichtelgebirge  [fiTi'-tel-geh-beer-geh],  moun¬ 
tains  of  Bavaria,  VII.  174.  * 

Ficino,  Marsilio  [fe-che'-no],  Italian  Platonic 
philosopher,  VII.  175. 

Fick,  Adolf,  German  physiologist,  VII.  175. 

Ficquelmont,  Karl  Ludwig,  count  [fe-kel- 
mong],  Austrian  general  and  statesman,  VII. 
175. 

Fiction,  in  law,  VII.  175. 

Ficus  (botany),  VII.  184,  1  a.  F.  carica,  183, 
1  ab  (ill.).  F.  elastica,  III.  734,  2  a  and  b 
(ill.).  F.  religiosa  or  Indica,  II.  271,  2  b 
(ill.,  272) ;  referred  to,  III.  393,  2  b.  F.  syca- 
morus,  XV.  535,  1  a. 

Fidalgo :  see  Hidalgo,  VIII.  717,  1  c. 

Fiddle:  see  Violin. 

Fiddle  fish,  I.  493,  1  c. 

Fiddler  crab,  V.  450,  1  a,  c  (ill.). 

Fidus  Achates :  see  Achates. 

Fief:  see  Feudal  System,  VII.  160,  1  be,  ff. 

Field,  David  Dudley,  American  clergyman, 

VII.  176.  David  Dudley,  jurist,  1  b.  Stephen 
Johnson,  jurist,  2  c.  Cyrus  West,  merchant, 
originator  of  the  transatlantic  telegraph,  177, 
1  c.  Henry  Martyn,  clergyman,  178,  1  b. 

Field,  John,  British  composer,  VII.  178. 

Field  of  a  shield,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a. 

Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  VII.  417,  1  ab; 

VIII.  649,  2  ab ;  II.  503,  1  a. 

Field  of  ice,  IX.  149,  1  a. 


314 


FIELD 


•FINK 


Field  on  a  coin  or  medal ,  XII.  535,  2  b. 
Fielders ,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  V.  482,  2  a. 
Fieldfare,  bird,  VII.  178  (ill.). 

Fielding,  Copley  Vandyke,  English  painter, 

VII.  179. 

Fielding,  Henry,  English  novelist  and  drama¬ 
tist,  VII.  179 ;  VI.  642,  1  be.  Ancestry,  2  a ; 

VIII.  450,  1  a. 

Fielding,  Sarah,  English  authoress,  VII.  181. 
Field  Marshal:  see  Marshal,  XI.  198,  1  ab. 
Field  Mouse  :  see  Mouse,  XII.  14,  2  a. 

Field  notes ,  in  surveying,  XV.  490,  1  c. 

Fields,  James  Thomas,  American  author  and 
publisher,  VII.  181. 

Fi'eri  Fa'cias,  writ,  VII.  181 ;  26,  2  ab,  be. 
Fiesohi  [fyes'-ke],  Genoese  family,  VII.  181. 
Fieschi,  Joseph  Marie,  French  conspirator, 
VII.  181. 

Fiesco  :  see  FiEScm  (family). 

Fiesco,  Giovanni  Luigi,  count,  Genoese  con¬ 
spirator,  VII.  182. 

Fiesole  [fya'-zo-la],  town  of  Italy,  VII.  182. 
Fiesole,  Giovanni  Angelico  da:  see  Angelico. 
Fievee,  Joseph  [fya-va],  French  politician  and 
author,  VII.  182. 

Fi.  fa.,  abbreviation :  see  Fieri  Facias,  VII. 
181,  2  a. 

Fifeshire,  county  of  Scotland,  VII.  182. 

Fig,  fruit  tree,  VII.  183  (ill.). 

Figeac  [fe-zhak],  town  of  France,  VII.  184. 

“  Fighting  parson ,  the,”  III.  348,  1  c. 

Fig  marigold,  plant,  XI.  414,  1  a. 

Fig-pecker ,  bird,  II.  437,  1  a. 

Figueras  [fe-ga'-rass],  town  of  Spain,  VII.  184. 
Figueras,  Estanislao,  statesman,  VII.  184. 
Figuero'a,  Francisco  de,  Spanish  poet,  VII. 

184.  Cristoval  Suarez  de,  author,  184,  1  c. 
Figuier,  Guillaume  Louis  [fe-gya],  French  sci¬ 
entific  writer,  VII.  184. 

Figu'ra  dictio'nis ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  2  c. 
Figurehead,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  856,  1  a. 

Figures,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  be. 

Figure  stone,  mineral,  XII.  490,  1  b. 
Figure-turned  work ,  XVI.  74,  1  a. 

Fiji  [fe-je'] :  see  Feejee  Islands. 

Filament ,  of  stamen,  XIII.  585,  1  c ;  586,  2  c. 
Filangieri,  Gaetano  [fe-lan-ja'-re],  Italian  pub¬ 
licist,  VII.  184. 

Filargo,  Pietro  [fe-lar'-go],  (Pope  Alexander 
V.),  I.  279,  2  be. 

Filaria  medinensis  (entozoa),  VI.  670,  1  a. 
Filbert  :  see  Hazel. 

Filibuster,  freebooter,  VII.  185. 
Filibustering,  cant  political  term,  VII.  185,  1  b. 


Filicaja,  Vincenzo  da  [fe-le-ka'-ya],  Italiaa 
poet,  VII.  185. 

FilTgree,  work  in  gold  or  silver  wire,  VII.  185. 

Filioque ,  controverted  phrase  added  to  the 
Nicene  creed  by  the  western  churches,  XV. 
870,  1  a;  XII.  428,  2  a ;  X.  346,  2  a;  VIII. 
217,  2  b,  c ;  VII.  278,  1  a ;  XII.  611,  1  be. 

Filles  de  la  doctrine  chretienne  [fey’  dull  la 
duk-treen  kra-tyen],  religious  order,  III. 
481,  1  c. 

Fillet,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  b. 

Fillibeg,  in  highland  costume,  XIV.  700,  2  a. 

Fillmore,  county,  VII.  185. 

Fillmore,  Millard,  president  of  the  United 
States,  VII.  185.  In  the  New  York  state 
legislature,  186,  1  b.  In  congress,  1  be. 
Case  of  the  contested  seats  from  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  2  a.  Tariff  of  1842, 187, 1  a.  Comptrol¬ 
ler  of  New  York,  1  be.  Vice  president,  1  c. 
President,  2  a.  Fugitive  slave  law,  2  c. 
Cuban  expedition,  188,  1  c.  “  American  ” 
candidate  for  the  presidency,  2  c. 

Fillmore  City ,  county  seat,  XI.  548,  2  c. 

Films,  thin,  phenomena  of,  VI.  490,  2  c.  Colors 
of :  see  Light,  X.  444,  1  b. 

Filter,  for  straining  fluids,  VII.  189. 

Fin'back  :  see  Eorqual. 

Fincasile,  county  seat,  III.  138,  2  a. 

Finch,  family  of  birds,  VII.  190.  Wax-billed 
finch,  1  c ;  Java,  2  a ;  brambling  or  moun¬ 
tain,  2  be  (ill.,  191);  green,  191,  1  b  (ill.); 
pine,  1  c;  grass,  2  b;  Lincoln’s,  192,  1  a 
(ill.)  ;  sharp-tailed,  2  a  (ill.) ;  seaside,  2  b 
(ill.)  ;  Bachman’s,  2  be ;  nonpareil  or  paint¬ 
ed,  2  c  ;  lazuli,  193,  1  b ;  purple,  1  c  (ill.). 

Finch,  Heneage,  earl  of  Nottingham,  British 
statesman  and  jurist,  VII.  193. 

Finck :  see  Fink. 

Finden,  William,  English  engraver,  VII.  194. 

Finding,  in  law,  VII.  194. 

Findlay,  county  seat,  VIII.  434,  2  b. 

Finds,  in  archaeology,  VII.  195.  Stone  age, 
2  b.  Metallic  age,  197,  1  b.  The  iron  epoch, 
2  b.  Prehistoric  monuments,  198,  1  a. 
Human  remains,  2  b. 

Fine-top,  grass,  VIII.  167,  2  c. 

Fingal,  of  Ossian,  legendary  hero,  VII.  124, 
2  a ;  XII.  721,  2  b. 

Fingal’s  Cave,  Scotland,  VII.  199  (ill.). 

Finist^re,  or  Finisterre  [fe-nis-tair],  depart¬ 
ment  of  France,  VII.  200. 

Fin' is  Ter'rce ,  III.  747,  2  a  (Cape  Finisterre). 

Fink,  Friedrich  August  von,  Prussian  soldier, 
VII.  200. 


FINLAND 


FISH 


315 


Finland,  grand  duchy  of  Russia,  VII.  200. 
Population,  2  b.  Physical  features,  2  be. 
Productions,  201,  1  a.  Manufactures  and 
commerce,  1  c.  Religion  and  education,  2  b. 
Government,  &c.,  2  c.  History,  202,  1  be. 
Language  and  literature,  2  be.  See  Finns. 

Finland,  Gulf  of,  VII.  204.  Depth  of  water 
in,  1  c ;  II.  251,  2  a. 

Finlay,  George,  British  historian,  VII.  204. 

Finlay,  John,  Scottish  poet  and  biographer, 
VII.  204. 

Finlayson,  George,  British  surgeon  and  trav¬ 
eller,  VII.  204. 

Finley,  James  Bradley,  American  clergyman, 
VII.  204. 

Finley,  Samuel,  clergyman,  VII.  205. 

Finmark,  bailiwick  of  Norway,  VII.  205. 

Finn :  see  Fionn  (Index). 

Finn,  Henry  J.,  American  actor  and  author, 
VII.  205. 

Finner  (grampus),  VIII.  147,  1  b. 

Finney,  Charles  G.,  American  preacher  and 
author,  VII.  205.  (Died  1875.) 

Finnish  family ,  IX.  566,  2  c.  See  Finns. 

Finns,  VII.  205  (ill.,  206).  See  Russia,  XIV. 
483,  1  b,  2  be ;  488,  2  be,  c. 

Finochio  [fe-no'-ke-o],  fennel,  VII.  131,  2  a. 

Finsbury ,  district  of  London,  X.  592,  1  a. 

Finsson ,  Ramies,  Icelandic  bishop,  IX.  682, 2  ab. 

Finsteraarhorn  [fin'-ster-ar'-horn],  peak  of 
the  Alps,  VII.  207. 

Fiogo :  see  Hiogo. 

Fionn ,  legendary  Irish  hero,  VII.  124,  2  a. 

Fiord  [fe-ord'],  (Dan.  fjord,  fyord),  bay  or  gulf, 
XII.  506,  2  b;  XV.  502,  1  a. 

Fiorelli,  Giuseppe  [fyo-rel'-le],  Italian  archas- 
ologist,  VII.  207. 

Fiorentino,  Pier- Angelo  [fyo-ren-te'-no],  Ital¬ 
ian  author,  VII.  207. 

Fi'orite,  variety  of  opal,  XII.  642,  1  b. 

Fir,  tree,  VII.  207.  Balsam  or  balm  of  Gilead 
fir,  208,  1  a  (ill.).  Noble  silver  fir,  2  b  (ill.). 
Great  silver  fir,  2  c  (ill.).  Common  silver 
fir,  209,  1  a  (ill.).  Cephalonian  fir,  &c.,  1  c. 
Scotch  fir,  XIII.  527,  1  b. 

Firdusi,  Abul  Kasim  Mansour  [feer-doo'-se], 
Persian  epic  poet,  VII.  209 ;  XIII.  326,  2  a. 

Fire  :  see  Flame,  Heat,  and  Light. 

u  Fire  and  water,  to  go  through ,”  origin  of  the 
expression,  XII.  674,  2  b. 

Firo  annihilator,  Phillips’s,  VII.  212,  1  c. 

Firearms ,  introduction  of,  I.  745,  2  a  (Army). 

Fire  ball:  see  Meteor,  XI.  429,  2  c. 

Fire  Beetle  :  see  Firefly. 


Fire  bird  (Baltimore  oriole),  II.  257,  2  a. 

Fire  brick,  III.  268,  2  ab;  XIII.  786,  2  c. 

Fire  damp,  III.  776,  1  a. 

Fire-damp  alarm,  I.  238,  2  c. 

Fire  Engine,  VII.  210.  Steam  fire  engines, 
211,  1  c  (ill.). 

Fire  Extinguisher,  VII.  212.  Phillips’s  fire 
annihilator,  1  c.  Carlier  and  Vignon’s  ap¬ 
paratus,  ib.  (ills.).  Babcock  self-acting  fire 
engine,  213,  2  a  (ill.,  212). 

Firefly,  VII.  213.  Cueujo,  1  be  (ill.).  Amer¬ 
ican  fireflies,  214,  1  a.  Causes  of  the  light, 
2  ab. 

Fire-Hole  river  and  basin ,  geysers  of  the,  VII. 
785,  2  c,  If. 

Firenze  [fe-ren'-dza] :  see  Florence,  Italy. 

Fire-Proofing,  VII.  215. 

Fire-proof  paint  (Ohio),  beds  of,  I.  227,  1  b. 

Fire-proof  structures ,  II.  413,  2  a,  c.  Objec¬ 
tions  to  groined  arches  of  masonry,  2  b. 
First  use  of  iron  beams,  ib. ;  cast-iron  beams 
insecure,  2  c ;  superiority  of  wrought  iron, 
414,  1  b ;  best  construction  of,  2  a,  ft’.  Fire¬ 
proof  floors,  415,  1  a.  Sustaining  power, 
2  c ;  rule  for,  416,  1  a. 

Fire  temple ,  of  the  Guebres,  II.  230,  1  c. 

Fireweed,  VIII.  270,  1  c;  XI.  615,  2  b. 

Fireworks  :  see  Pyrotechny. 

Fire  worshippers,  VIII.  295,  1  c. 

Firmament,  VII.  215. 

Firman,  decree  issued  by  the  Porte,  VII.  215. 

Firmum  Picenum ,  ancient  town :  see  Fermo. 

Firol’idce  (mollusca),  XII.  531,  1  b. 

“  First  in  war,  first  in  peace ,”  &c.,  its  author, 
X.  304,  1  b  ;  XVI.  490,  2  b. 

Firth,  a  deep  inlet,  XIV.  698,  2  be. 

Fisc,  public  treasure,  VII.  215. 

Fiscamum ,  Fiscamnum:  see  Fecamp. 

Fisch,  George  [fish],  French  divine,  VII.  216. 

Fisch'art,  Johann,  German  writer,  VII.  216. 

Fischer,  Ernst  Kuno  Berthold,  philosopher, 
VII.  216. 

Fischer,  Gotthelf,  naturalist,  VII.  216.  His 
classification  of  mammals,  XI.  80,  1  c.  His 
divisions  of  the  human  race,  VI.  754,  1  a. 

Fischer  von  Erlach,  Johann  Bernhard  [fon 
air'-lakh],  architect,  VII.  216.  Joseph  Ema¬ 
nuel,  architect,  2  b. 

Fiscus :  see  Fisc. 

Fish,  Hamilton,  American  statesman,  VII.  216. 

Fish,  as  a  religious  emblem,  V.  513,  1  b. 

Fish,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  c.  (See  plate.) 

Fisn  Crow:  see  Crow,  V.  521,  1  c. 

Fisn  Culture,  VII.  217.  In  ancient  and 


316 


FISHER 


FIZEAU 


modern  times,  1  b,  ff.  Oyster  culture,  2  b. 
Artificial  impregnation  of  fish  eggs,  early 
knowledge  of,  218,  1  a.  Breeding  of  trout, 

1  b;  of  salmon,  219,  2  b;  of  shad,  2  c.  In 
France  and  Germany,  220,  1  a ;  Great  Brit¬ 
ain,  2  a;  Norway  and  Russia,  2  be;  Cana¬ 
da,  221,  1  a;  United  States,  1  be. 

Fisher,  mammal,  VII.  223  (ill.).  Fur  of,  537, 

2  c. 

Fisher,  Alvan,  American  artist,  VII.  223. 
Fisher,  George  Park,  scholar,  VII.  224. 

Fisher,  J.  E,  steam  carriage  of,  XV.,  336, 
2  ab  (ill.). 

Fisher,  John,  English  prelate,  VII.  224. 

Fisher,  Fort,  expedition  against,  XVI.  649, 1  be. 
Fisheries,  VII.  224.  Of  European  and  Asi¬ 
atic  countries,  2  b,  ff. ;  of  the  United  States, 
230,  1  a;  British  American,  233,  2  c.  Sta¬ 
tistics,  234,  2  c. 

Fisherman's  basket,  star  fish,  XII.  644,  1  b. 
Fishery  question ,  between  the  British  govern¬ 
ment  and  the  United  States,  I.  89,  2  a;  VII. 
230,  1  c,  231,  1  b.  Fishery  commission, 
XVI.  187,  2  ab.  (Award  of  $5,500,000 
against  the  United  States,  1877.) 

Fishes,  VII.  235.  General  characteristics,  2  c. 
External  form,  236,  2  b.  Movements,  237, 

1  c.  Anatomy,  2  c ;  skeleton,  V.  173, 1  bc- 

2  c.  Nervous  system,  176,  2  c.  Sense  of 
touch,  177,  2  c;  tongue,  178,  1  c;  organ  of 
smell,  2  ab ;  of  hearing,  2  c;  eyes,  179,  2  a, 
VII.  47,  2  a  and  c ;  teeth,  V.  180,  1  be ;  di¬ 
gestive  organs,  180,  1  c;  lacteals,  183,  1  b; 
external  covering,  1  be.  Circulation,  VII. 
238,  1  be.  Respiration,  2  be.  Reproduc¬ 
tion,  2  c;  multiplication  of,  how  restricted, 
240,  1  b ;  distribution  of,  1  be.  Age  of,  1. 182, 
2  be.  Classification  of :  see  Ichthyology. 
Care  of  young  by  the  male,  XIII.  536,  1  c. 
Four-eyed  fishes,  I.  451,  1  c  (Anableps). 
Fossil  fishes,  VII.  240, 2  b ;  614,1c;  1.175,  la. 

Fishes,  blind :  see  Blind  Fisn ;  Eye,  VII.  48, 
2  a;  Mammoth  Cave,  XI.  86,  2  a;  V.  177, 
1  b,  179,  2  ab,  464,  2  c ;  Adelsberg,  I.  114, 
1  c;  Evolution,  VII.  12,  1  ab. 

Fisn  Hawk,  VII.  241  (ill.). 

Fishing  frog  (goose  fish),  VIII.  109,  2  c. 
Fishkill,  town  of  New  York,  VII.  241. 

Fish  with  legs,  so  styled,  II.  166,  2  c. 

Fish  lizard:  see  Menobranchus,  and  X.  360, 1  b. 
Fish  street  hill,  London,  X.  593,  2  ab. 

Fish-tail  burner,  defect  of,  VII.  538,  2  ab. 
Fisk,  Wilbur,  American  clergyman  and  edu¬ 
cator,  VII.  242. 


Fisk  university,  XII.  152,  1  a;  XV.  648,  2  c. 
Fissure  of  Sylvius,  in  the  brain,  III.  191,  2  be. 
Fissurella  (mollusca),  X.  486,  2  c. 

Fistiana,  record  of  prize  ring,  I.  448,  2  c. 
Fis'tula,  ulcer,  VII.  242. 

Fistularia  (ichthyology),  XIII.  536,  2  b.  F. 

serrata,  2  be  (ill.).  F.  tabacaria,  537,  1  a. 
Fistulous  ulcer,  VII.  242,  2  a. 

Fitch,  fur  of  the  polecat,  VII.  538,  2  c ;  XIII. 
658,  2  c. 

Fitch,  Ebenezer,  American  clergyman,  VII.  243. 
Fitch,  John,  American  inventor,  VII.  243. 
Fitchburg,  city  of  Massachusetts,  VII.  244. 
Fitchet ,  polecat,  XIII.  658,  2  c. 

Fits,  in  paralysis  of  the  insane,  IX.  305,  1  c. 
Fitz-Boodle,  George,  pseudonyme,  XV.  680, 2  at. 
Fitz-  Clarence,  name  of  the  children  of  the  duke 
of  Clarence  (William  IV.)  by  Mrs.  Jordan, 
IX.  684,  2  b ;  XVI.  632,  1  c. 

Fitz-  George,  name  of  the  children  of  the  duke  of 
Cambridge  by  Miss  Fairbrother,  III.  646, 1  c. 
Fitzgerald,  Edward,  lord,  Irish  soldier  and 
politician,  VII.  245.  Pamela,  lady,  1  b. 
Fitzhardinge,  Earl  [fits-har'-ding],  II.  559,  2  c. 
Fitz- Harding e,  Sir  Maurice  Frederick  Fitz- 
Hardinge  Berkeley ,  Baron,  English  admiral, 

II.  561,  1  ab. 

Fitzherbert,  Sir  Anthony,  English  jurist,  VII. 
245.  His  treatise  on  husbandry,  2  a;  the 
first  in  England,  I.  202,  2  c.  Thomas,  Jesuit, 
VII.  245,  2  a. 

Fitzherbert,  Maria,  wife  of  George  IV.,  VII. 
245. 

Fitzinger  [fits'-ing-er],  (Leopold  Joseph  Franz 
Johann,  born  1802),  German  naturalist,  his 
classification  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693,  2  b;  of 
mammals,  XI.  81,  1  a. 

Fitz- James  [Fr.  feece-zhamss],  duke  de,  II. 
586,  2  c. 

Fitz  Mary's  hospital,  London,  II.  449,  2  c. 
Fitz-Roy,  origin  of  the  name,  XII.  127,  2  c. 
Fitzroy,  Robert,  British  admiral,  VII.  245. 
Fitzurse ,  Reginald,  baron,  II.  441,  2  b. 
Fitzwilliam,  William  Wentworth  Fitz  william, 
earl,  English  statesman,  VII.  246. 
Fitzwilliam  museum,  Cambridge  university, 

III.  645,  2  c. 

Fiume  [fu'-ma],  royal  Hungarian  city,  VII.  246. 
Fiume  di  Terranova :  see  Gela. 

Five-fingered  Jack,  star  fish,  XV.  320,  1  b. 

Five  Forks,  battle  of,  XIII.  358,  2  c. 

Fixed  air,  carbonic  acid  gas,  III.  773,  2  ab. 
Fixture,  in  law,  VII.  246. 

Fizeau  [fe-zo]  (Hippolyte  Louis,  French  mathe* 


FLACIUS 


FLEMIN  GSBURG 


317 


matician,  born  1819),  measurement  of  the 
velocity  of  light  by,  X.  437,  2  a. 

Fla'cius,  Matthias  [Ger.  fla'-tse-oos],  German 
theologian,  VII.  247. 

Flag,  name  of  plants  of  the  order  of  algae,  VII. 
247  (ills.,  248).  Of  the  iris  family,  248,  2  b  : 
see  Iris.  Sword  flags,  ib. :  see  Gladiolus. 

Flag,  banner,  VII.  249  (chart). 

Flagellants,  mediaeval  societies  of  penitents, 
VII.  252. 

Flagellants  fareinistes  [fla-zhel-lang  fa-ra-neest], 
a  modern  sect,  III.  68,  2  c. 

Flageolet  tones  [flaj'-o-let],  I.  71,  2  a. 

Flagg,  George  Whiting,  American  artist,  VII. 

252.  Jared  Bradley,  artist  and  clergyman, 

253,  1  a. 

Flag  officers ,  in  the  U.  S.  navy,  I.  124,  1  ab. 

Flahaut  de  la  Billarderie,  Auguste  Charles 
Joseph,  count  [fla-o  du.h  la  be-yar-dre], 
French  general  and  diplomatist,  VII.  253. 
Margaret  Mercer  Elphinstone,  countess,  and 
Baroness  Keith,  1  be.  Adele  Filleul,  au¬ 
thoress,  1  c. 

Flambeau  [flam'-bo;  Fr.  flaDg-bo],  female  mili¬ 
tary  order  of  the,  XV.  814,  1  b. 

Flam'borough  Head,  promontory  of  England, 
VII.  253. 

Flamboyant ,  in  Gothic  architecture,  I.  663,  2  b. 

Flame,  VII.  253  (ills.).  Its  transparency  to 
light,  XIII.  474,  1  b ;  intensity  of  overlap¬ 
ping  flames,  1  c.  Singing  flames,  VII.  255, 
2  b ;  sounding,  83, 1  a ;  sensitive,  XV.  175, 1  b. 

Flamel,  Nicolas,  [fla-mel],  reputed  alchemist, 
VII.  255. 

Flamen,  Roman  priest,  VII.  256. 

Flame  organ :  see  Pyrophone. 

Flamingo,  bird,  VII.  256.  American,  2  c 
(ill.).  European,  257,  1  b. 

Flaminian  Way,  ancient  Roman  road,  VII.  257. 

Flamin' ica,  Roman  priestess,  VII.  256,  1  c. 

Flamini'nus,  Titus  Quintius,  Roman  general, 
VII.  257. 

Flamin'ius,  Caius,  Roman  general,  VII.  257. 

Flammarion,  Camille  [flam-ma-re-ong],  French 
astronomer,  VII.  257. 

Flam'steed,  John,  first  English  astronomer 
royal,  VII.  258. 

Flanches ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  be.  (See 
plate.) 

Flanders,  region  of  Europe,  VII.  258. 

Flanders,  East,  province  of  Belgium,  VII.  259. 

Flanders,  West,  province  of  Belgium,  VII.  259. 

Flandin,  Eugene  Napoleon  [flane-dans],  French 
painter  and  archaeologist,  VII.  259. 


Flandrin,  Jean  Ilippolyte,  French  painter, 
VII.  260.  Auguste,  1  c.  Jean  Paul,  ib. 
Flap  operation ,  in  amputation,  I.  442,  1  c. 
Flash :  see  Slang,  XV.  85,  2  c. 

Flashing ,  or  flushing,  for  cleansing  harbors 
and  sewers,  VI.  256,  1  a. 

Flask,  for  moulding,  IV.  75,  2  c  (ill.,  76). 
Flat'bows ,  tribe  of  Indians,  X.  43,  1  c.  , 

Flatbush,  town  of  Long  Island,  VII.  260. 
Flathead  lake,  Montana,  XI.  662,  2  b. 
Flathead  river,  Montana,  XI.  772,  1  b. 
Flatheads,  various  tribes  of  Indians,  VII.  260 
(ill.,  skulls  of).  See  Choctaws,  IV.  506,  2  c. 
Custom  of  flattening  the  skull,  VII.  261,  1  b. 
The  Selish  tribe,  1  be. 

Flat  worms,  VI.  667,  1  a ;  XIII.  568,  2  a. 
Flaubert,  Gustave  [flo-bair],  French  novelist, 
VII.  261. 

Flavedo,  lemon  rind,  X.  336,  2  c. 

Flav'el,  John,  English  clergyman  and  author, 
VII.  261. 

Flavia  Ccesariensis,  Roman  province,  II.  449. 
Flavia  Neapolis  (Nablus),  IX.  728,  2  ab. 
Flavian  amphitheatre :  see  Colosseum. 
Flavius  Cneius :  see  Fasti,  VII.  93,  2  b. 

Flax,  plant,  VII.  262  (ill.).  New  Zealand 
flax,  2  b.  Production  in  the  United  States, 
2  be.  Manufacture  in  Great  Britain,  263, 

1  a.  Cultivation,  1  b.  Steeping  (retting), 

2  c.  Claussen’s  flax  cotton,  264,  2  a.  Break¬ 
ing  process,  2  c.  Hatchelling,  265,  1  b. 
MacAdam’s  prize  essay  upon  it,  2  ab. 

Flaxman,  John,  English  sculptor,  VII.  265^ 
Flaxseed  jelly,  III.  582,  1  c. 

Flaxseed  oil:  see  Linseed. 

Flea  :  see  Epizoa,  VI.  697,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Fleabane,  herb,  VII.  265. 

Flea  beetle,  wavy-striped,  XVI.  76,  1  c. 
Flechier,  Esprit  [fla-she-a],  French  pulpit 
orator,  VII.  266. 

Flechier e  [fla-sh e-air] :  see  Fletcher,  John 
William. 

Flecknoe,  Richard,  British  poet,  VII.  266. 
Fleetwood,  Charles,  English  republican,  VII. 
266. 

Fleetwood,  William,  English  prelate  and  au¬ 
thor,  VII.  266. 

Fleischer,  Heinrich  Leberecht  [fll'-sher],  Ger¬ 
man  orientalist,  VII.  267. 

Fleming,  county,  VII.  267. 

Fleming,  John,  Scottish  naturalist,  VII.  267. 

His  system  of  classification  in  zoology,  2  a. 
Flemings :  see  Belgium,  II.  488,  2  a. 
Flemingsburg,  county  seat,  VII.  267,  1  b. 


318 


FLEMINGTON 


FLORUS 


Flemington ,  county  seat,  IX.  74,  1  b. 

Flemish  bond,  in  bricklaying,  III.  269,  1  c  (ill.). 
Flemish  Language  and  Literature,  YII.  267. 
Flemish  school  of  painting,  YII.  44,  2  c ;  XII. 
800,  2  b. 

Flemming,  Paul,  German  poet,  YII.  268. 
Flensbueg  [flence'-boorg],  seaport  of  Schles¬ 
wig,  YII.  268.  Treaty  of,  120,  1  b. 

Flen'tes,  class  of  penitents,  IY.  566,  2  a. 

Flesh  fly,  VI.  697,  2  ab;  XIY.  374,  1  c  (ill.). 
Fletcher,  Andrew  (Fletcher  of  Saltoun), 
Scottish  author,  YII.  269. 

Fletcher,  Giles,  English  poet,  YII.  269.  Phin- 
eas,  poet,  1  c. 

Fletcher,  John :  see  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
Fletcher,  John  William,  English  clergyman, 
YII.  269. 

Fletcher,  Richard,  prelate,  II.  431,  1  b ;  XI. 

235,  2  c  (dean  of  Peterborough). 

Fleur  de  garance  [fluhr  duh  ga-rangce],  1. 321,  2  a. 
Fleur-de-lys  [fluhr-duh-leece],  inlieraldry, YIII. 
673,  2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Fleurus  [fluh-rus],  town  of  Belgium,  YII.  269. 

Battles  of,  2  c ;  YIII.  123,  1  c. 

Fleury,  Andre  Hercule,  cardinal  de  [fliih-re], 
French  statesman,  YII.  270.  Referred  to, 
XIV.  553,  1  b. 

Fleury,  Claude,  abb6,  ecclesiastical  writer, 
VII.  270. 

Fleury,  Jules,  author :  see  Champfleury. 
Flevo,  ancient  lake  :  see  Zuyder  Zee. 

Flicker:  see  Woodpecker. 

Fliedner,  Theodor  [fleed'-ner],  German  clergy¬ 
man  and  philanthropist,  YII.  270. 

Flinders,  Matthew,  English  navigator, YII.  271. 
Flint,  mineral,  YII.  271. 

Flint,  city  of  Michigan,  YII.  271. 

Flint,  Austin,  American  physician,  YII.  272. 
Austin,  jr.,  physician,  2  a.  On  cholesterine, 
IY.  514,  1  c,  2  a. 

Flint,  Timothy,  American  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  YII.  272. 

Flint  glass,  YIII.  15,  2  b. 

Flint  loch,  XII.  98,  1  ab.  Introduction  of,  I. 

735,  1  c ;  747,  2  b. 

Flint  River,  Georgia,  YII.  273. 

Flints  in  the  chalk  formation ,  IY.  231,  2  c. 
Flintshire,  county  of  Wales,  YII.  273. 
Floating  collimator,  philosophical  instrument, 
IX.  772,  1  a. 

Floating  gardens ,  of  Mexico,  YII.  273,  2  c. 
Floating  Islands,  YII.  273. 

Float  stone,  variety  of  opal,  XII.  642,  1  c. 
Flock  paper :  see  Paper  Hangings,  XIII.  53, 1  c. 


Flodden  Field,  Battle  of, YII.  274;  IX.  516,1  a. 
Floe  of  ice,  IX.  149,  1  a;  XIII.  653,  2  c. 

Flood,  Henry,  Irish  orator  and  politician,  VII. 

274.  Opponent  of  Grattan,  YIII.  172,  2  b. 
Floors,  fire-proof :  see  Beam,  II.  415,  1  a,  ff. 
Flora,  goddess,  YII.  274 ;  YIII.  816,  1  c. 
Floral  games ,  IX.  425,  1  a ;  XY.  822,  1  c. 
Flor'ence,  province  of  Italy,  YII.  274.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  2  be  (view,  275).  Cathedral,  275, 
1  ab.  Galleries,  &c.,  276,  1  ab.  Trade, 
climate,  &c.,  277,  1  a.  History,  1  b. 
Florence ,  county  seat,  X.  206,  1  a. 

Florence,  Council  of,  YII.  277 ;  II.  358,  1  b. 
Florentia :  see  Florence,  YII.  277,  1  b. 
Florentine  academy ,  I.  50,  1  c;  YII.  276,  2  a. 
Florentine  calculation  (calendar),  III.  580, 1  ab. 
Flores  [flo'-ress],  island,  Azores,  YII.  278. 
Flores,  island,  Malay  archipelago,  YII.  278. 
Flores  (Juan  Jose,  1801-64,  president  of  Ecua¬ 
dor  1831-’5,  1839,  1843-’51),  YI.  398,  2  a,  b. 
Flores  (Berancio),  president  of  Uruguay,  XVI. 
228,  2  a,  ab. 

Flo' res  zinci ,  XYI.  816,  2  ab  ;  817,  2  be. 

Floret ,  in  grasses,  YIII.  166,  1  c. 

Florian,  Jean  Pierre  Claris  de  [fluh-re-ang], 
French  author,  YII.  278. 

Flo'rian,  Saint,  German  martyr,  YII.  278. 
Flor'ida,  state,  YII.  279.  Seal,  1  b.  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  a.  Physical  features,  280,  1  a.  Pro¬ 
ductions,  2  be.  Natural  curiosities,  281, 

1  ab.  Climate,  1  be.  Agriculture  and  man¬ 
ufactures,  2  b.  Commerce,  282,  1  a.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  1  c.  Government,  2  ab. 
Finances,  283, 1  b.  Education,  1  c.  Libraries, 
newspapers,  and  churches,  2  be.  History, 

2  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  ib.  Discovery  of, 
284,  1  a;  XYI.  150,  1  a.  French  expedition 
to,  YII.  284,  1  ab:  see  Ribault,  and  Me- 
nendez  de  Avilez.  Massacre  of  the  French 
colonists,  YIII.  132,  1  a.  Ceded  to  the  Uni¬ 
ted  States,  YII.  284,  2  b.  Seminole  war,  ib 
Ordinance  of  secession,  2  c;  itsrepeal,285,la 

Florida,  confederate  cruiser,  affair  of  the,  X. 
497,  2  a. 

Florida  (ornithology),  YIII.  691,  2  b. 

Florida  Blanca,  J ose  Mofiino,  count  of  [flo-re'- 
tha  blang'-ka],  Spanish  statesman,  YII.  285. 
Florida  Keys,  islands,  YII.  285. 

Florida  reef,  YII.  280,  1  b. 

Flor'in,  coin,  YII.  285. 

Floris :  see  Flores,  Malay  island. 

Flo'ris,  Frans,  Flemish  painter,  YII.  285. 
Florus,  Lucius  Anneeus,  Roman  historian, 
YII.  285. 


FLOTOW 


FOIX 


319 


Flotow,  Friedrich  von  [flo'-to],  German  com¬ 
poser,  VII.  285. 

Flotsam,  in  law,  VII.  286. 

Flotz,  in  geology,  VII.  688,  2  c. 

Flounder,  fish,  VII.  286.  American  species, 
2  a  (ill.).  European,  287,  1  a  (ill.). 

Flour ,  wheat,  XVI.  588,  1  ab. 

Flourens,  Marie  Jean  Pierre  [floo-rangce], 
French  physiologist,  VII.  287.  His  investi¬ 
gations  in  comparative  anatomy,  V.  182, 
2  ab.  His  theory  of  the  skin,  189,  2  c ;  of 
human  longevity,  I.  181,  2  ab. — Gustave, 
agitator,  VII.  287,  2  b. 

Flower:  see  Plant,  XIII.  584,  1  c,  590,  1  c 
(ills.,  585).  Relation  of  the  flower  to  the 
leaf,  X.  267,  2  a. 

Flower  City  (Springfield,  Ill.),  XV.  290,  1  b. 

Flower  de  luce  (iris),  IX.  364,  1  a. 

Flower  festival,  at  Athens,  II.  192,  2  a. 

Flower  flies,  VII.  295,  2  b  (ill.).  Injury 
caused  by  their  larvae,  ib.,  and  XVI.  76,  2  b. 

Flower-of-an-hour ,  VIII.  713,  2  c. 

Floy,  James,  American  clergyman,  VII.  288. 

Floyd,  five  counties,  VII.  288. 

Floyd,  John  Buchanan,  American  politician, 
VII.  288. 

Floyd,  William,  general,  and  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  VII.  289. 

Flucan,  in  lead  mines,  X.  250,  2  b. 

Flue  pipes,  of  an  organ,  XII.  689,  1  a. 

Flugel,  Gustav  Lebrecht  [flti'-ghel],  German 
orientalist,  VII.  289. 

Flugel,  Johann  Gottfried,  German  lexicog¬ 
rapher,  VII.  289. 

Fluke ,  fish,  VII.  287,  1  a. 

Fluohydric  acid,  VII.  291,  2  a. 

Fluores'cence,  VII.  289 ;  XV.  248,  2  b,  if.  (ills.). 

Fluoride  of  calcium  [flu'-o-rid] :  see  Fluor 
Spar. 

Fluoride  of  silicium,  VII.  291,  2  be. 

Fluorine  [flu'-o-rin],  gaseous  body,  VII.  291 ; 
292,  1  be.  In  the  blood,  II.  730,  1  a. 

Fluor  Spar,  mineral,  VII.  291. 

Fluosilicic  acid,  VII.  291,  2  be. 

Flushing,  village  of  New  York,  VII.  292. 

Flushing,  city  of  Holland,  VII.  292. 

Flushing  of  a  sewer,  XIV.  797,  1  b. 

Fluta,  eel,  VII.  292,  2  c. 

Flute,  wind  instrument,  VII.  292;  XII.  74, 
1  b.  Celebrated  flutists,  VII.  293,  1  be. 

Flute,  musical  box,  XII.  94,  2  b. 

Flute  stop,  in  the  organ,  VII.  293,  1  be. 

Fluvanna,  county,  VII.  293. 

Flux,  in  metallurgy,  VII.  293. 


Fluxions  :  see  Calculus,  III.  570,  2  c. 

Fly,  VII.  293.  House  fly,  293,  1  c,  and  294, 

1  b  (ill.) ;  its  means  of  walking  on  a  smooth 
ceiling,  1  c;  a  ready  poison,  2  b.  Blue¬ 
bottle  or  blow  fly,  ib.  (ill.).  Blue-green  fly, 

2  c.  Flesh  fly,  ib.  Dung  fly,  295,  1  b. 
Stable  fly,  2  c.  Cheese  fly,  ib. — Black  fly, 

VI.  129,  1  c.  Horse  fly,  2  a.  Forest  flies 
(golden-eyed),  2  ab.  Bee  fly,  2  b.  Soldier 
flies,  2  c.  Spider  fly,  130,  1  c.  Wine  fly, 

VII.  295,  2  b.  Flower  flies,  ib.  Onion  fly, 
2  c  (ill.).  Bot  fly,  III.  141  (ill.).  Hessian  fly, 

VIII.  708  (ill.).  Wheat  fly,  XVI.  588  (ill.). 
Fly  blows,  VII.  294,  2  c. 

Fly  boat,  origin  of  name,  VII.  185,  1  a. 
Flycatcher,  bird,  VII.  296. 

Fly  frame ,  in  cotton  manufacture,  V.  414, 1  ab. 
Flying  bull,  species  of  beetle,  XV.  302,  2  a. 
Flying  buttresses,  in  Gothic  architecture,  I. 
663,  2  c  (ill.,  664). 

Flying  Fisn,  VII.  296.  European,  297,  1  be 
(ill.).  American  species,  2  b.  Flying  gur¬ 
nard,  298,  1  a  (ill.). 

Flying  fox,  bat,  II.  378,  2  c  (ill.). 

Flying  Lemur,  VII.  298  (ill.). 

Flying  machines,  I.  145,  2  b. 

Flying  sap,  in  a  siege,  XV.  29,  1  c. 

Flying  Squirrel,  VII.  298  (ill.). 

Fly  shuttle,  in  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  2  c. 
Fcenic'ulum  (botany),  VII.  131,  1  c.  F.  vul- 
gare,  ib.  (ill.).  F.  dulce,  2  a. 

Foerster,  Wilhelm  [fors'-ter],  German  astrono¬ 
mer,  VII.  299. 

FceVicide,  XI.  338,  1  b. 

Fcetus:  see  Embryology,  and  XII.  568,  2  a. 

Anencephalous  foetus,  XI.  765,  1  ab,  &c. 
Fog,  VII.  299. 

Fogaras  [fo'-gor-osh],  town  of  Transylvania, 
VII.  300. 

Fogas,  fish,  II.  235,  1  c. 

Fog  bow :  see  Rainbow,  XIV.  188,  2  c. 
Fogelberg,  BengtErland  [fo'-ghel-bairg],  Swe¬ 
dish  sculptor,  VII.  300. 

Foggia  [fod'-ja],  province  of  Italy,  VII.  300. 

Capital  city,  2  c. 

Fog  signal,  X.  457,  2  c. 

Foil,  in  fencing,  VII.  120,  2  ab,  c. 

Foil ,  lead,  poisonous  effects  of,  X.  246,  2  b. 

Tin,  uses  and  manufacture  of,  XV.  764,  1  a. 
Foissac,  Dr.  [fwa-sak],  mesmerist,  I.  526,  2  b. 
Foix  [fwa],  town  of  France,  VII.  301. 

Foix,  Counts  of,  French  family,  VII.  301.  Ray¬ 
mond  Roger,  1  b.  Roger  Bernard  II.  (the 
Great),  1  be.  Roger  Bernard  III.,  1  c.  Gas- 


320 


FOKIEH 


FORCE 


ton  II.,  ib.  Gaston  III.  (Gaston  Phoebus), 
ib.  Gaston  IV.,  2  ab.  Catherine  de  Foix, 
ib.  Germaine  de,  second  wife  of  Ferdinand 
V.  of  Spain,  137,  1  a. 

Fokien  [fo-ke-en'j,  province  of  China,  VII.  301. 

Fokshani  [fok-sha'-ne],  town  of  Roumania, 
VII.  301. 

Fold'var,  town  of  Hungary,  VII.  301. 

Folengo,  Teofilo ,  inventor  of  macaronics,  X. 
767,  2  ab. 

Foley,  John  Henry,  Irish  sculptor,  VII.  302. 

Folger,  Capt.  Mayhew  [fole'-jer],  I.  97,  2  c; 
XIII.  546,  2  a. 

Foligno  [fo-le'-nyo],  city  of  Italy,  VII.  302. 

Folio ,  size  of  book,  III.  75,  2  c. 

Folkestone  [foke'-stone],  seaport  of  England, 
VII.  302. 

Follen,  August  (Adolf  Ludwig),  German  poet, 
VII.  302. 

Follen,  Charles,  American  clergyman  and  wri¬ 
ter,  VII.  302.  Eliza  Lee,  authoress,  303, 1  a. 

Follets:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  a. 

Follicle ,  in  botany,  XIII.  590,  2  be. 

Follicles ,  glandular,  VII.  835,  1  c ;  IX.  324,  1  a. 

Fonblanque,  Albany  William  [fon-blank'j, 
English  journalist,  VII.  303.  John  Samuel 
Martin,  lawyer,  1  b. 

Fonda  [fun'-da],  county  seat,  XI.  786,  1  a. 

Fond  du  Lac,  county,  VII.  303. 

Fond  du  Lao,  city  of  Wisconsin,  VII.  303. 

Fonseca,  Eleonora  Pimentel  de  [fone-sa'-ka], 
marchioness,  political  martyr,  VII.  303. 

Fontaine,  Jean  de  la:  see  La  Fontaine. 

Fontainebleau  [fong-tain-blo],  town  of  France, 
VII.  304.  Chateau  of,  1  c  (ill.).  Park  and 
forest  of,  XIII.  99,  1  b  (ills.).  Decree  of 
Fontainebleau,  V.  288,  1  c.  Treaty  of,  XV. 
213,  2  ab. 

Fontana,  Prospero  [fone-ta'-na],  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  304.  Lavinia,  2  c.  Domenico, 
architect,  ib.  Carlo,  architect,  305,  1  a. 

Fontanelle ',  county  seat,  I.  79,  2  a. 

Fontanes,  Louis,  marquis  de  [fong-tan],  French 
writer,  VII.  305. 

Fontanges,  Marie  Ang61ique  de  Scoraille  de 
Roussile,  duchess  de  [fong-tangzh],  mistress  of 
Louis  XIV.,  VII.  305. 

Fontarabia  :  see  Fuenterrabia. 

Fontenay ,  Mme.  de  [fongt-na],  (Mme.  Tallien), 
III.  46,  2  be. 

Fontenay  -le-  Comte  [-luh-kongt],  town  of 
France,  VII.  305. 

Fontenay -le-Peuple  [-luh-puhpP] :  see  Fonte- 
NAY-LE-CoMTE. 


Fontenelle,  Bernard  le  Bovier  or  le  Bouyer 
de  [fongt-nel],  French  writer,  VII.  305. 
Fontenoy  [foDg-tuh-nwa],  village  of  Belgium, 
VII.  305.  Battle  of,  2  be;  XIV.  655,  1  c. 
Fontestorbes  [fong-ta-torb],  intermitting  spring, 
II.  485,  2  b. 

Fontevrault  [foDg-tuh-vro],  order  of,  VII.  306  ; 

I.  638,  2  a  and  b ;  XI.  730,  1  b. 

Fonthill  abbey ,  Beckford’s  seat,  II.  442,  2  c. 
Fonvielle,  Wilfrid  de  [fong-vybl,  French  author, 
VII.  306. 

Foochoo' :  see  Foochow. 

Foochow',  city  of  China,  VII.  306. 

Food  :  see  Aliment,  Corpulence,  and  Die¬ 
tetics.  Food  of  animals,  I.  512,  1  a-2  a. 
Relation  between  food  and  work,  V.  380, 1  c. 
Fool,  jester,  VII.  307. 

Foolahs,  African  people,  VII.  308  (ill.).  Foo- 
lah  dialect,  I.  171,  2  a. 

Fools,  Feast  of,  VII.  309 ;  IV.  551,  1  a. 

FooVs  gold ,  yellow  pyrites,  XIV.  109,  1  be. 
FooV s  parsley,  poisonous  plant,  XIII.  130,  2  a. 
Foot,  measure,  VII.  309. 

Foota,  African  territory,  VII.  309. 

Foota  Jallon,  African  territory,  VII.  309. 
Foote,  Andrew  Hull,  American  admiral  and 
author,  VII.  310 ;  I.  233,  2  a. 

Foote,  Henry  Stuart,  politician,  VII.  310. 
Foote,  Samuel,  English  dramatist  and  actor, 
VII.  310.  His  satire  on  the  duchess  of 
Kingston,  X.  11,  2  a. 

Foot  and  mouth  disease ,  of  cattle,  XII.  58,  1  c. 
Fora'men,  in  botany,  XIII.  587,  2  c. 

Foramen  ova'le,  of  the  ear,  VI.  351,  2  a. 
Foraminif'era,  protozoa,  VII.  311  (ill.). 
Forbach  [for'-bakh],  town  of  Alsace-Lorraine, 
VII.  311.  Battle  of,  2  be. 

Forbes,  Duncan,  Scottish  statesman,  VII.  311. 
Forbes,  Edward,  English  naturalist,  VII.  312. 
Forbes,  James  David,  Scottish  physicist,  VII. 

313  ;  596,  1  c.  See  Glacier. 

Forbes,  Sir  John,  British  physician  and  author, 
VII.  314. 

Forbes  castle,  I.  23,  1  a. 

Forcade,  Eugene  [for-kSd],  French  author, 
VII.  314. 

Force ,  in  mechanics,  defined,  XI.  318,  1  b. 
Centrifugal  force,  323,  1  be ;  centripetsd, 
2  a  (ills.).  See  Correlation  of  Forces. 
Force,  Peter,  American  journalist  and  histo¬ 
rian,  VII.  314. 

Force  bill,  against  the  nullifiers,  III.  587,  2  ab ; 
IX.  492,  2  c.  Opposed  by  John  Tyler,  XVI. 
88,  2  a. 


FORCELLINI 


FORTH 


321 


Forcellini,  Egidio  [for-chel-le'-ne],  Italian 
lexicographer,  YII.  314. 

Forceps ,  stage ,  in  microscopes,  XI.  520,  2  c. 
Forces ,  composition  and  resolution  of:  see 
Mechanics,  XI.  321,  1  be  (ills.).  Correla¬ 
tion  of :  see  Correlation. 

Forcherite ,  variety  of  opal,  XII.  642,  1  b. 
FoRCiinAMMER,  Johann  Georg  [forch'-ham-mer], 
Danish  geologist  and  chemist,  YII.  314. 
Forcible  Entry,  in  law,  YII.  314. 

Ford,  two  counties,  YII.  315. 

Ford,  John,  English  dramatist,  YII.  315. 

Ford,  Richard,  author  and  traveller,  YII.  315. 
Fordham,  part  of  New  York  city,  YII.  315. 
St.  John’s  college,  2  b. 

Fordyce,  David,  Scottish  philosopher,  YII.  316. 
Forecastle ,  of  a  ship,  XII.  187,  2  b. 
Foreclosure  :  see  Mortgage. 

Forest,  county,  YII.  316. 

Forest  Cantons ,  the  four ,  XY.  530,  1  a. 

Forest  City  (Cleveland),  IY.  674,  1  c. ' 

Forest  City ,  county  seat,  XYI.  669,  2  b. 

Forest  culture  in  Germany ,  YII.  748,  1  ab. 
Forester ,  Fanny ,  pseudonym e,  IX.  705,  2  ab. 
Forest  Grove,  village  of  Oregon,  YII.  316. 
Fores'ti,  E.  Felice,  Italian  patriot,  YII.  316. 
Forestry ,  schools  of,  YI.  431,  1  be. 

Forests ,  physical  influence  of,  XII.  777,  2  c. 
Forey,  Elie  Frederic  [fuh-ra],  French  soldier, 
YII.  316. 

Forfar,  burgh  of  Scotland,  YII.  316. 
Forfarshire,  county  of  Scotland,  YII.  317. 
Forfeiture,  in  law,  YII.  317. 

Forfic'ula  (entomology),  YI.  372,  1  b  (ill.). 
Forge,  for  iron  working,  YII.  317. 

Forgeries ,  literary  and  scientific  :  see  CnASLES, 
Michel,  IY.  329,  2  a;  Chatteeton,  Thomas; 
Ireland,  William  Henry;  Lauder,  William. 
Forgery,  in  law,  YII.  318. 

Forget-me-not,  plant,  YII.  319  (ill.). 

Fork,  implement,  YII.  320. 

Forkel,  Johann  Nikolaus,  German  composer 
and  author,  YII.  320. 

Forli,  province  of  Italy,  YII.  321.  City,  1  b. 
Forli,  Melozzo  da,  Italian  painter,  YII.  321. 
Form ,  in  printing,  XIII.  850,  1  a. 

Form  and  matter,  in  Aristotle’s  philosophy,  I. 

706,  2  c;  XIII.  438,  1  b. 

Form  of  Concord :  see  Concordia  Formula. 
Form  of  the  hare,  YIII.  456,  2  ab. 

Formative  layer ,  in  plants,  XIII.  581,  2  a. 
Formed  scholastics,  Jesuit,  IX.  626,  2  a. 
Formes,  Karl  [for'-mess],  German  vocalist,  YII. 
321. 


Formic  Acid,  YII.  321. 

Formosa,  island,  China  sea,  YII.  322. 

Formosus,  bishop  and  pope,  IX.  646,  2  b. 

Fornarina,  La  [la  for-na-re'-na],  mistress  of 
Raphael,  YII.  322. 

Forney,  John  Weiss,  American  journalist, 
YII.  322. 

Forrest,  Edwin,  American  actor,  YII.  323. 

Forseti  [for-sa'-te],  in  Norse  mythology,  II. 
237,  2  a;  XII.  120,  2  a. 

For'skal,  Peter  (Sw.  Forslcal,  for'-skole), 
Swedish  traveller  and  naturalist,  YII.  323. 

Forste  [for'-st&h],  town  of  Prussia,  YII.  324. 

For'ster,  Ernst  Joachim,  German  painter,  YII. 
324.  Friedrich,  historian,  1  b. 

Forster,  George,  English  traveller,  YII.  324. 

Forster,  Heinrich,  German  pulpit  orator,  YII. 
324. 

Forster,  Johann  Reinhold,  German  traveller 
and  naturalist,  YII.  324.  Johann  Georg 
Adam,  325,  1  a. 

Forster,  John,  English  journalist  and  author, 
YII.  325. 

Forster,  William  Edward,  statesman,  YII.  325. 

Forsyth  [for-sithe'J,  two  counties,  YII.  325. 

Forsyth,  county  seats,  XI.  759,  2  b ;  XY.  565, 
1  a. 

FoRSYTn,  William,  English  author,  YII.  326. 

Fort:  see  Fortification,  YII.  329,  2  a. 

Fort  Bend,  county,  YII.  326. 

Fort  Benton,  county  seat,  IY.  520,  1  c. 

Fort  Bowyer,  assault  upon,  IX.  489,  2  b. 

Fort  Carillon  (Ticonderoga),  XY.  737,  2  c. 

Fort  de  France:  see  Fort  Royal. 

Fort  Dodge,  city  of  Iowa,  YII.  326. 

Fort  Donelson  and  Fort  Henry,  YII.  326. 

Fort  Duquesne  [dii-kain] :  see  Pittsburgh, 
XIII.  556,  2  b ;  Washington,  XYI.  484,  2  a, 
485,  2  a,  b. 

Forte  [fort],  in  fencing,  YII.  120,  2  a. 

Forte  [for'-ta],  in  music,  XII.  78,  1  b. 

Forte  di  Terra ,  castle,  III.  288,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Fort  Edward,  village  of  New  York,  YII.  327. 

Forte  piano  [for'-ta  pya'-no],  musical  instru¬ 
ment,  XII.  92,  1  a.  See  Pianoforte. 

For'tescue,  Sir  John,  English  lawyer,  YII.  327. 

Fort  Fisher,  attacked  and  captured,  XYI.  649, 
1  be ;  XIII.  724,  1  c ;  III.  490,  1  b. 

Fort  Gaines,  town  of  Georgia,  YII.  327. 

Fort  Garry,  Manitoba:  see  Winnipeg. 

Fort  George,  ruins  of,  IY.  577,  1  a  (Caldwell). 

Fort  Griswold,  massacre  of,  YIII.  269,  1  c. 

Forth,  river  of  Scotland,  YII.  327.  Frith  of 
Forth,  2  be. 


21 


322 


FORT  HENRY 


FOUCAULT 


Fort  Henry :  see  Fort  Donelson. 

Fort  Hill ,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  II.  100,  2  a. 

Fort  hill ,  in  Boston,  III.  116,  1  b. 

Fortification,  YII.  327.  Permanent  fortifi¬ 
cations,  328, 1  a ;  primitive  and  ancient,  1  ab  ; 
mediaeval,  2  a;  modern,  2  be.  Mode  of 
fortifying  a  position,  329,  1  b  (ill.).  Bas- 
tioned  or  Italian  system,  328,  2  c ;  330,  1  b 
(ill.,  331).  Dutch,  French,  Spanish,  Swedish, 
and  German  schools,  332,  1  a,  ff.  Polygonal 
or  German  system,  2  ab.  General  remarks, 
333,  2  a.  Selection  of  the  points  to  be  forti¬ 
fied,  2  c.  Disadvantages  of  casemates  and 
embrasures,  334, 1  c.  Armament,  2  a.  Tem¬ 
porary  or  field  fortifications,  2  b.  Construc¬ 
tion  of  field  works,  335,  2  ab ;  examples  of 
their  use,  336,  1  ab.  See  Siege. 

Fort  Jackson  :  see  New  Orleans,  XII.  329, 1  a. 

Fort  Jefferson ,  Florida,  YI.  278,  2  a. 

Fort  Kearney ,  county  seat,  IX.  778,  2  b. 

Fort  Madison,  city  of  Iowa,  VII.  336. 

Fort  Monroe  :  see  Fortress  Monroe  (Index). 

Fort  Montgomery ,  county  seat,  VIII.  142,  1  b. 

Fort  Moultrie  :  see  Moultrie,  Fort. 

Fort  Orange ,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  I.  248,  2  a;  XII. 
371,  1  b;  XYI.  151,  1  c. 

Fort  Poinsett ,  Florida,  III.  751,  2  ab. 

Fort  Putnam ,  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  ab. 

Fort  Pandall ,  county  seat,  XY.  787,  1  a. 

Fortress:  see  Fortification,  YII.  329,  2  a. 

Fortress  Monroe ,  Virginia,  XIII.  638,  1  a 
(Fort  Monroe).  Artillery  school  at,  ib.,  and 
XI.  538,  1  c.  Architect  of,  II.  575,  2  b. 

Fort  Pipley ,  Charleston  harbor,  IV.  314,  2  a. 

Fort  Royal  [for  rwa-yal],  capital  of  Marti¬ 
nique,  YII.  336. 

Fort  St.  David,  town  of  India,  YII.  336. 

Fort  St.  George ,  India,  presidency  of,  X.  831, 1  b. 

Fort  Scott,  city  of  Kansas,  YII.  336. 

Fort  Smith,  city  of  Arkansas,  YII.  336. 

Fort  Stockton,  county  seat,  XIII.  222,  2  c. 

Fort  Sumter:  see  Sumter,  Fort. 

Fort  Taylor ,  Key  West,  IX.  817,  2  c. 

Fort  Ticonderoga ,  YII.  713,  1  a.  See  Ticon- 
deroga,  and  Allen,  Ethan. 

Fortu'na,  goddess,  YII.  337.  Temple  of  For- 
tuna  Muliebris,  Y.  355,  2  c.  Temple  of 
Fortuna  in  Palestrina,  XIII.  9,  1  c. 

Fortunate  Islands  :  see  Canary  Islands. 

Fortunatus,  collection  of  popular  tales,  YII. 
337. 

Fortune ,  goddess :  see  Fortuna  (Index). 

Fortune,  Robert,  Scottish  botanist,  YII.  337. 

Fort  Vancouver,  county  seat,  IY.  638,  2  c. 


Fort  Wayne,  city  of  Indiana,  YII.  337. 

Fort  William  Henry ,  New  York,  YII.  713, 
lb;  XY.  737,  2  c. 

Fort  Worth,  county  seat,  XY.  574,  1  a. 

Forty-five ,  the,  royal  body  guard,  YII.  382,  2  c. 

Fort  Yukon,  Alaska,  I.  240,  1  a. 

Forum,  YII.  338.  F.  Romanum,  1  c,  and  XFV 
409,  2  c.  F.  Julium  or  Caesaris,  XIY.  410; 
1  a.  F.  Augusti,  ib.  F.  Nervae  or  transi- 
torium,  ib.  F.  Trajani,  ib.  (ill.,  413)  ;  its 
pavement,  XIII.  191,  2  be. 

Forum  Cornelii,  ancient  town,  IX.  197,  1  be. 

Forum  Judicum,  collection  of  Visigoth  laws, 
VII.  520,  1  be. 

Forum  Julii ,  towns:  .see  Fr£jus,  and  Friuli. 

Forum  Livii,  ancient  town,  YII.  321,  1  b,  c. 

Forum  Sempronii:  see  Fossombrone. 

Forwarding  Merchant,  YII.  338  ;  XYI.  451, 
1  b. 

Foscari,  Francesco  [fos'-ka-re],  doge  of  Venice, 
YII.  340.  Persecution  of  his  son  Jacopo,  1  c. 
“  The  Two  Foscari,”  2  a. 

Fos'colo,  Nicolo  Ugo,  Italian  poet  and  miscel¬ 
laneous  writer,  YII.  340. 

Fosite  [fo-ze'-teh],  in  German  mythology,  XII. 
120,  2  a. 

Fossa  Clodia  and  Clugia :  see  Chioggia. 

Fossane  (pale  genet),  YII.  668,  1  b. 

Fossano  [fos-sa'-no],  town  of  Italy,  YII.  340. 

Fosses  des  Bagaudes  [foce  da  ba-gode],  place  of 
a  battle,  II.  215,  1  a. 

Fossil,  YII.  341.  Definition  of,  XII.  808,  2  b. 
Distribution  of  fossils  in  the  geologic  strata, 
YII.  691,  1  ab:  see  Palaeontology.  Fact 
of  their  existence  and  extinction  established 
by  Cuvier,  Y.  600,  1  b. 

Fossil  fishes,  Agassiz’s  new  classification  of,  I. 
174,  2  c;  YII.  240,  2  c. 

Fossil  Footprints,  YII.  341. 

Fossil  shells,  early  investigations  concerning, 
YII.  687,  2  b.  * 

Fossombro'ne,  town  of  Italy,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  county,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  Birket,  English  artist,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  James,  preacher,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  John,  preacher  and  essayist,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  John  Wells,  American  geologist  and 
archmologist,  YII.  343. 

Foster,  Randolph  S.,  clergyman,  YII.  344. 

Foster,  Stephen  Collins,  ballad  composer,  YII. 
344. 

Foth'eringay,  parish  and  village  of  England, 
YII.  344.  Castle  of,  2  a. 

Foucault,  L6on  [foo-ko],  French  natural  phi- 


fouche 


FRACTION 


323 


losopher,  VII.  344.  Translucency  of  a  film 
of  silver  shown  by  him,  X.  438,  1  c.  Ilis 
experiments  showing  the  earth’s  rotary  mo¬ 
tion,  VI.  358,  2  c. 

Fouche,  Joseph  [foo-sha],  French  revolutionist 
and  minister  of  police,  VII.  344. 

Foucquct:  see  Fouquet. 

Foug^res  [foo-zhair],  town  of  France,  VII.  345. 

Foul ,  in  prize  ring,  XIV.  74,  1  be. 

Foul  or  fair,  in  base-ball  playing,  II.  356,  1  c. 

Fould,  Acliille  [foold],  French  statesman  and 
financier,  VII.  346. 

Foulis,  Robert  [fow'-lis],  Scottish  printer,  VII. 
346.  Andrew,  ib. 

Foundation ,  members  on  the,  at  Oxford,  XII. 
764,  1  c. 

Founder ,  horse  disease,  XVI.  335,  2  a. 

Founder y  :  see  Casting. 

Foundery  chapel ,  London:  see  Wesley,  XVI. 
557,  1  c. 

Foundling  Hospital,  VII.  346.  Treatment  of 
foundlings  in  ancient  times,  2  a.  Foundling 
hospitals  in  the  middle  ages,  347,  1  ab ;  in 
modern  times,  2  a,  ff. 

Fountain,  county,  VII.  351. 

Fountain ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Fountain  Hill ,  county  seat,  II.  6,  2  a. 

Fountain  of  youth,  imaginary,  II.  644,  2  ab. 

Fouque,  Friedrich  Heinrich  Karl  de  la  Motte, 
baron  [foo-ka'],  German  novelist,  VII.  351. 

Fouquet,  Nicolas,  marquis  [foo-ka],  French 
minister  of  finance,  VII.  351 ;  X.  656,  1  c. 
His  patronage  of  literature  and  art,  referred 
to,  102,  2  b;  patronage  of  La  Fontaine,  ib. 

Fouquieria  (botany),  X.  267,  1  be. 

Fouquiee-Tinville,  Antoine  Quentin  [foo-kya- 
tang-veel],  French  revolutionist,  VII.  351. 

“  Four  articles ,”  the ,  of  the  Gallican  church, 
IX.  265,  1  b. 

Fourcroy,  Antoine  Frangois,  count  [foor- 
krwa],  French  chemist,  VII.  351.  See  Chem¬ 
istry,  IV.  364,  1  b.  His  services  to  French 
education,  365,  1  a. 

Fourcroy' a  Guben'se  (botany),  referred  to,  VIII. 
549,  1  c. 

Fourdrinier  paper-making  machine  [foor-dre- 
neer'],  XIII.  49,  2  a  (ill.) ;  52,  1  a. 

Four-eyes,  fish  :  see  Anableps. 

Fourier,  Frangois  Marie  Charles  [foo-re-a], 
French  writer  on  social  science,  VII.  352. 
Works,  353,  1  b,  ff.  Diffusion  of  his  doc¬ 
trines,  2  c.  Leading  principles,  354,  1  a. 

Fourier,  Jean  Baptiste  Joseph,  baron,  French 
savant,  VII.  355. 


Fourier,  Pierre,  French  religious  reformer, 
VII.  352. 

Fourier's  theorem:  see  Sound,  XV.  178,  1  b. 

Four  lake  region ,  in  Wisconsin,  X.  821,  2  b. 

Fourneyeon,  Benoit  [foor-na-ro“g],  French  in¬ 
ventor,  VII.  355. 

Fournier,  Edouard  [foor-nya],  French  author, 
VII.  355. 

Fournier ,  Jacques  de  (Pope  Benedict  XII.),  II. 
518,  2  a. 

Four  o'clock ,  plant :  see  Marvel  of  Peru,  and 
IX.  509,  1  a. 

Fovilla ,  in  plants,  XIII.  587,  1  c. 

Fowl ,  domestic:  see  Cock  (Index). 

Fowler,  Orson  Squire,  American  phrenologist, 
VII.  355.  Lorenzo  Niles,  phrenologist,  356, 
1  a.  Lydia  Folger,  physician,  1  b. 

Fowler's  solution ,  remedy  forpoison,  IV.  772, 2a. 

Fowling  Piece,  VII.  356.  Varieties  of  bar¬ 
rels,  2  ab.  Mode  of  manufacture,  357,  1  b. 
Breech-loading  fowling  pieces,  2  b. 

Fox,  carnivorous  animal,  VII.  358.  American 
red  fox,  2  a  (ill.).  Cross  and  silver  fox,  2  b. 
European  red  fox,  2  be  (ill.,  359).  Prairie 
fox,  359,  1  b.  Arctic  fox,  2  a  (ill.).  Gray 
fox,  2  ab.  Fur  of  the  black,  silver,  cross, 
white,  and  red  fox,  537,  2  a,  ff. 

Fox,  Charles  James,  English  statesman  and 
orator,  VII.  359.  Fox’s  libel  act,  X.  395,  2  b. 

Fox,  George,  founder  of  the  society  of  Friends, 
VII.  361;  493,  2  c;  495,  1  be. 

Fox,  John,  English  author,  VII.  361.  “  Fox’s 

Book  of  Martyrs,”  362,  1  a;  XI.  215,  1  a. 

Fox ,  Mary :  see  Liechtenstein,  X.  416,  1  c. 

Fox,  William  Johnson,  English  clergyman  and 
politician,  VII.  362. 

Foxes,  tribe  of  Indians,  VII.  362. 

Fox  family :  see  Spiritualism,  XV.  276,  1  c. 

Foxglove,  plant :  see  Digitalis. 

Fox  Hound  :  see  Hound. 

Fox  Islands  :  see  Aleutian  Islands. 

Fox  River,  of  Wisconsin,  VII.  363.  Of  Wis¬ 
consin  and  Illinois,  2  a. 

Fox-tail  grass ,  XI.  556,  1  c. 

Foxton ,  E .,  pseudonyme,  XIII.  10,  2  c. 

Foy,  Maximilien  Sebastien  [fwa],  French  sol¬ 
dier  and  orator,  VII.  363. 

F.  P.,  abbreviation :  see  Fasti,  VII.  93,  2  a. 

Fra  Bartolommeo :  see  Bartolommeo. 

Fracastoro  [fra-kas-to'-ro],  (Girolamo,  celebra¬ 
ted  Italian  physician  and  poet,  1483-1553), 
his  views  of  geology,  VII.  687,  2  be. 

Fraction,  in  mathematics,  VII.  363.  Discov¬ 
ery  of  continued  fractions,  IX.  98,  1  c. 


su 


FRACTURE 


FRANCISCANS 


Fracture,  in  surgery,  VII.  364. 

Fragaria  (botany),  XV.  414.  F.  Virginiana, 
2  a.  F.  vesca,  2  b  (ill.).  F.  Chilensis,  or  F. 
grandiflora,  2  c.  F.  Indica,  415,  1  a. 

Frames ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  862,  2  be. 
Framingham,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VII.  365. 
Franc  [Fr.  frang],  monetary  unit,  VII.  365. 
Fkanqais,  Antoine,  count  [frang-sa],  French 
politician  and  author,  VII.  365. 

Franqais,  Francois  Louis,  painter,  VII.  366. 
Frangais  de  Nantes  :  see  Franqais,  Antoine. 
France,  VII.  366.  (Map.)  Coast,  1  c.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  367,  1  a.  Hydrography,  1  c.  Geol¬ 
ogy,  2  c.  Soil,  368,  1  b.  Climate,  1  be. 
Vegetable  products,  2  a;  flora,  2  c.  Animals, 
369, 1  a.  Minerals,  1  c.  Political  divisions, 
2  b.  Population,  370,  2  a.  Agriculture, 

371,  2  b.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Commerce, 

372,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  373,  2  a. 
Government,  374, 1  a.  Religion,  2  be.  Re¬ 
formed  church  of  France,  IX.  38,  1  b.  Edu¬ 
cation,.  VII.  375,  1  be.  Public  institutions, 
376,  1  a.  Finances,  1  be.  Army,  377,  2  a. 
Military  divisions,  1  c.  Fortresses,  378,  1  a. 
Navy,  1  b..  Colonial  possessions,  1  c. — Histo¬ 
ry,  2  b.  Merovingian  dynasty,  2  c.  Carlo- 
vingian,  379,  2  a.  Capetian,  380, 1  be.  House 
of  Valois,  381, 1  a.  “  Hundred  years’  war,” 
ib.  House  of  Orleans,  2  c.  Reformation  in, 

382,  1  b:  see  Huguenots.  House  of  Bour¬ 
bon,  VII.  382,  2  c.  Reign  of  Louis  XIV., 

383,  1  c;  of  Louis  XV.,  384,  1  ab;  of  Louis 
XVI.,  1  c.  First  French  re-volution,  385, 2  ab. 
The  directory,  389,  2  c.  Consulate  and  em¬ 
pire,  390,  2  c.  Restoration,  391,  1  b.  Revo¬ 
lution  of  1830,  1  c;  of  1848,  2  ab.  Empire 
reestablished,  2  c.  Crimean  war,  392,  1  a. 
Franco-Italian  war,  1  c.  Intervention  in 
Mexico,  2  ab.  Franco-German  war,  394, 
2  ab.  Republic  proclaimed,  397,  1  b.  Thiers 
elected  president,  398,  2  c.  Commune,  399, 
1  c :  see  Commune  de  Paris..  MacMahon 
elected  president,  400,  2  c» 

France,  Isle  of :  see  Mauritius. 

France,  Language  and  Literature  of,  VII.  401. 
Dialects  and  patois,  402,  2  b.  Authors  of 
French  grammars,  403,  1  ab.  Literature, 
1  c;  early,  ib. ;  of  the  16th  century,  404, 

1  ab;  of  the  17th,  2  a.  Age  of  Louis  XIV., 

2  ab ;  IX.  36,  2  a.  Age  of  Louis  XV.,  VII. 
405,  2  b.  Modern  literature,  406,  2  b. 

France ,  Roman ,  so  styled,  XIII.  278,  1  b.  Teu¬ 
tonic,  ib. 

France,  "Wines  of,  VII.  410.  Wines  of  Gi¬ 


ronde  (Bordeaux),  2  a;  of  Roussillon,  411, 
2  ab;  of  the  valley  of  the  Rh6ne,  412,  1  a; 
of  Burgundy,  2  c  ;  of  Champagne,  413,  2  a; 
of  other  districts,  414,  2  be. 

“  France  and  Commerce ,”  Swedish  faction,  VIII. 
339,  1  a. 

Franche-Comte  [frangsh-kong-ta],  ancient  prov¬ 
ince  of  France,  VII.  415. 

Franchi,  Ausonio  [fran'-ke],  Italian  philoso¬ 
pher,  VII.  415;  XIII.  445,  1  be. 

Franchise  [frang-sheez],  revolutionary  name  of 
Arras,  I.  764,  1  c. 

Francia,  Francesco  [fran'-cha],  Bolognese 
painter,  VII.  415. 

Francia,  Jos6  Gaspar  Rodriguez  (Dr.  Francia), 
[fran'-se-a],  dictator  of  Paraguay,  VII.  415. 

Franciade  [frallg-se-ad],  in  the  French  revolu¬ 
tionary  calendar,  III.  580,  1  c. 

Francina  [frang-se'-na],  Descartes’s  androides, 
II.  55,  1  b. 

Francis,  name  of  several  European  sovereigns, 
VII.  416. 

I.  FRANCE. 

Francis  I.,  king  of  France,  VII.  416. 

Francis  II.,  king  of  France,  VII.  418. 

II.  GERMANY  AND  AUSTRIA. 

Francis  I.  (Stephen),  emperor  of  Germany, 
VII.  419. 

Francis  II.,  emperor  of  Germany  (I.  of  Aus¬ 
tria),  VII.  419. 

Francis  Joseph,  emperor  of  Austria,  VII.  421. 

III.  TWO  SICILIES. 

Francis  I.,  king  of  the  Two  Sicilies,  VII.  421. 

Francis  II.,  king  of  the  Two  Sicilies,  VII.  421. 

Francis,  Convers,  American  clergyman  and 
author,  VII.  422. 

FranciSy  John ,  sculptor :  see  Thornycroft. 

Francis,  John  Wakefield,  American  physician 
and  author,  VII.  422. 

Francis,  Sir  Philip,  British  politician  and 
pamphleteer,  VII.  422;  IX.  717,  1  c. 

Francis  of  Assisi  [as-se'-ze],  Saint,  founder  of 
the  Franciscan  order,  VII.  423. 

Francis  of  Paula  [Ital.  pow'-la],  Saint,  foun¬ 
der  of  the  order  of  Minims,  VII.  424. 

Francis  de  Sales  [Fr.  dhh  sal],  saint  and  bish¬ 
op,  VII.  424.  Instruction  of  a  deaf  mute  by 
him,  V.  731,  1  a. 

Franciscans,  religious  order,  VII.  425 ;  XI. 
730,  1  be.  Their  rivalry  with  the  Domini¬ 
cans,  VII.  426,  2  c ;  VI.  203,  2  b. 


FRANCK 


FRAT 


325 


Franck,  Adolphe,  French  philosopher,  VII.  427. 
Francke,  August  Hermann  [frank '-k8h],  Ger¬ 
man  preacher,  founder  of  the  orphan  house 
at  Halle,  VII.  427. 

Franco- Austrian  war:  see  Franco- Italian  war 
(Index). 

Franqois,  Jean  Charles  [frang-swa],  French 
engraver,  VII.  427.  Charles  Remy  Jules,  2  b. 
Franco- German  war,  VII.  314,  2  ab  ;  760,  1  ab ; 
III.  54,  1  a;  X.  800,  1  a.  Origin  of,  VIII. 
763,  lb;  II.  517,  2  c. 

Franco- Italian  war,  IX.  452,  lb;  II.  665,  2  c; 
III.  51,  1  b;  IV.  156,  1  c;  VII.  755,  2  c; 
XVI.  343,  2  c. 

Fran'colin,  bird,  VII.  427  (ill.,  428). 
Francoli'nus  (ornithology),  VII.  427,  2  be.  F. 
vulgaris,  2  c  (ill.,  428). 

Franconia,  old  duchy  of  Germany,  VII.  428. 
Upper,  Middle,  and  Lower,  provinces  of 
Bavaria,  1  c,  2  a,  ab. 

Franconian  dynasty,  in  Germany, VII.  753, 1  b. 
Franconia  Notch:  see  White  Mountains, 
XVI.  606,  2  c,  ff. 

Franco- Prussian  war :  see  Franco-  German 
war  (Index). 

Fran'eker,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  VII.  428. 
Frank,  Johann  Peter  [frank],  German  physi¬ 
cian,  VII.  428.  Joseph,  429,  1  a. 

Frankel,  Zacharias,  rabbi  and  author,  VII.  429. 
Frankenhausen  [fran'-ken-how-zen],  town  of 
Germany,  VII.  429. 

Frankenstein  [fran'-ken-stine],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  VII.  429. 

Frankfort,  city  of  Kentucky,  VII.  429. 
Frankfort,  county  seats,  IV.  685,  2  a;  XI. 
787,  2  b. 

Frankfort  black,  VI.  655,  2  c ;  X.  132,  1  be. 
Frankfort-on- the-Main,  city  of  Germany, 
VII.  429.  Romer  or  council  house,  2  c 
(ill.,  430).  History,  431,  1  a. 
Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  city  of  Prussia,  VII. 
431. 

Frankfurt  am  Main  [frank'-foort  am  mine] : 

see  Frankfort-on-the-Main. 
Frank'incense,  VII.  431.  Olibanum,  2  b  (ill.). 
Franking  ‘privilege ,  in  Great  Britain,  XIII. 
748,  2  b,  749,  1  b ;  in  the  United  States, 
753,  1  a. 

Frankish  empire ,  VII.  738,  2  b. 

Frankish  race,  extent  of  the,  VII.  739,  1  b. 
Frankl,  Ludwig  August  [frank’l],  German 
poet,  VII.  432. 

Franklin,  name  of  22  counties,  VII.  432. 
Franklin,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  VII.  435. 


Town  of  Tennessee,  1  b.  Town  of  Louisi¬ 
ana,  1  c.  City  of  Indiana,  ib. 

Franklin,  county  seats,  VI.  553,  1  c ;  VIII. 
556,  2  b ;  X.  803,  1  c ;  XIII.  246,  1  c ;  XV. 
60,  2  b. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  American  philosopher 
and  statesman,  VII.  435.  His  theory  of 
electricity,  VI.  512,  1  b.  Identity  of  light¬ 
ning  and  electricity  first  proved  by  him,  X. 
463,  2  b.  Lightning  rod  invented  by  him, 
465,  1  c.  His  postal  reforms,  XIII.  750,  2  b. 
His  connection  with  Arthur  Lee,  X.  295, 1  b. 
His  efforts  for  the  amelioration  of  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  insane,  referred  to,  IX.  298,  1  a. 
His  belief  in  dreams,  VI.  255,  1  ab.  His 
views  on  political  economy,  XIII.  674,  2  a. 
Style,  XVI.  189,  2  be. — William  Temple 
Franklin,  VII.  439,  2  b. 

Franklin ,  James ,  brother  of  Benjamin  Frank¬ 
lin,  VII.  435,  2  b,  ff. ;  XII.  342,  1  b. 

Franklin,  Sir  John,  English  naval  officer  and 
arctic  explorer,  VII.  439.  First  arctic  ex¬ 
pedition,  I.  670,  1  a ;  second,  2  b ;  third, 
671,  1  c,  2  b;  last,  673,  1  c.  Expeditions  in 
search  of  him,  673,  2  b,  ff. — Eleanor  Ann, 
his  first  wife,  poetess,  VII.  441,  1  a.  Lady 
Jane,  his  second  wife,  1  b. 

Franklin,  state  of:  see  Tennessee,  XV.  649, 
2  a. 

Franklin,  William,  governor  of  New  Jersey, 
VII.  441. 

Franklin,  William  Buel,  American  soldier, 
VII.  441. 

Franklinite,  mineral,  VII.  442  ;  IX.  410,  1  a. 

Franklin  and  Marshall  college,  X.  135,  2  a. 

Franks,  German  tribes,  VII.  442. 

Franks ,  apostle  of  the :  see  Remy. 

Frankstown ,  county  seat,  VI.  222,  2  c. 

Franz,  Robert  [frants],  German  composer,  VII. 
443. 

Franz ,  on  conduction  of  heat,  VIII.  572,  1  c. 

Franzensveste  [frants'-ence-fes-t&h],  fort,  III. 
301,  2  a. 

Fra  Paolo  [fra  pow'-lo] :  see  Sarpi. 

Frascati  [fras-ka'-te],  town  of  Italy,  VII.  443. 

Fraschint,  Gaetano  [fras-ke'-ne],  Italian  vo¬ 
calist,  VII.  443. 

Fraser,  Alexander  Campbell,  Scottish  meta¬ 
physician,  VII.  443. 

Fraser,  Charles,  American  artist,  VII.  443. 

Fraser,  Simon :  see  Lovat,  Lord. 

Frasera  Walteri  (botany),  V.  122,  2  c. 

Fraser  River  :  see  British  Columbia. 

Frat,  river :  see  Euphrates. 


326 


FRATERCULA 


FREDERICK 


Frater'cula  (ornithology),  II.  117,  1  c.  F. 
arctica,  2  a. 

Fraternities  :  see  Guild. 

Fraternity  of  the  Holy  Gross:  see  Rosicru- 
cians,  XIY.  441,  1  c. 

Fratres  et  Clerici  Vita,  Communis ,  III.  255,  1  c. 

Fraud,  in  law,  VII.  444. 

Frauds,  Statute  of,  VII.  445. 

Frauenburg  [frow'-en-boorg],  to\vn  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  VII.  447. 

Frauenfeld,  town  of  Switzerland,  VII.  447. 

Frauenstadt,  Christian  Martin  Julius  [-stet], 
German  philosopher,  VII.  447. 

Fraunhofer,  Joseph  von  [frown'-ho-fer],  Ger¬ 
man  optician,  VII.  448.  Fraunhofer’s  lines, 
lb;  I.  38,  2  b;  X.  441,  1  b;  XV.  240,  1  a, 
242,  2  b,  252,  1  ab.  Their  coincidence  with 
the  lines  of  iron  and  calcium  (ill.),  252. 
Photographs  of,  247,  2  c.  Discovery  of  the 
cause  of,  X.  15,  2  ab.  Seen  in  the  spectra 
of  the  red  and  blue  stars,  XV.  253,  1  c. 

Fraustadt,  town  of  Prussia,  VII.  448. 

Frax'inus  (botany),  I.  805,  2  c.  F.  acuminata 
and  other  species,  806,  1  a.  F.  ornus,  1  be ; 
XI.  118,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Fray  Gerundio  [fri  kha-roon'-£Ae-o],  sobriquet, 
IX.  427,  2  c.  Nom  de  plume,  X.  103,  2  b. 

Frayssixous,  Denis  Luc  [fra-se-noo],  French 
prelate  and  statesman,  VII.  448. 

Frazer  gun ,  I.  792,  2  b ;  793,  1  c. 

Freckles ,  cause  of,  V.  192,  1  a. 

Fredegonda,  queen  of  Neustria,  VIII.  448 ; 
III.  357,  2  b,  c. 

Fredericia:  see  Fridericia. 

Frederick:,  two  counties,  VII.  448. 

Frederick,  city,  VII.  449. 

Frederick ,  county  seat,  X.  821,  1  c. 

Frederick,  name  of  several  monarchs  and 
princes,  VII.  449. 

.  I.  BADEN. 

Frederick  I.,  grand  duke,  VII.  449. 

II.  BOHEMIA. 

Frederick,  elector  palatine  (V.)  and  king  of 
Bohemia,  VII.  449.  See  Elizabeth  Stuart. 

III.  DENMARK. 

Frederick  /.,  king  of  Denmark,  duke  of  Schles¬ 
wig  and  Holstein,  IV.  526,  1  b,  2  a  and  b  ; 
VI.  13,  1  c. 

Frederick  III.,  IV,  V  :  see  Denmark,  VI. 
13,  2  a,  ff. 

Frederick  VI.,  king  of  Denmark,  VII.  449. 

Frederick  VII.,  king  of  Denmark,  VII.  450. 


IV.  GERMANY. 

Frederick  I.  (Barbarossa),  emperor  of  Ger¬ 
many,  VII.  450.  Crowned  by  Pope  Adrian 
IV.  with  humiliating  ceremonies,  2  c.  Quar¬ 
rel  with  him,  I.  131,  2  c.  Sets  up  antipopes 
against  Alexander  III.,  VII.  451,  1  a ;  hum¬ 
bles  himself  to  him,  1  be;  I.  279,  1  c.  Lead.- 
er  of  the  third  crusade,  VII.  451,  1  c ;  V. 
529,  2  a. 

Frederick  II.,  emperor  of  Germany,  and  king 
of  Naples  and  Sicily,  VII.  451. 

Frederick  III.,  king  of  Germany:  see  Louis 
IV.,  the  Bavarian. 

Frederick  III.,  the  Pacific  (Frederick  IV.  as 
king  of  Germany,  and  V.  as  archduke  of 
Austria),  emperor  of  Germany,  VII.  452. 

v.  hesse-cassel. 

Frederick  William,  elector,  VII.  453. 

vi.  mecklenburg-schwerin. 
Frederick  Francis  II.,  grand  duke,  VII.  453. 

VII.  PRUSSIA  (including  Brandenburg). 

Frederick  William  (the  Great  Elector),  elec¬ 
tor  of  Brandenburg,  VII.  453. 

Frederick  I.,  first  king  of  Prussia,  VII.  454. 
Frederick  William  I.,  king,  VII.  454. 
Frederick  II.,  king  of  Prussia  (Frederick  the 
Great),  VII.  455.  First  Silesian  war,  456, 

1  a.  War  of  the  Austrian  succession,  1  b. 
Second  Silesian  war,  1  c.  Seven  years’  war, 

2  be.  His  dislike  for  Seckendorf,  XIV.  744, 
2  b  ;  harsh  treatment  of,  2  c.  Military  or¬ 
ganization  and  tactics,  I.  748,  1  c,  ff. ;  IV. 
145,  2  a.  His  treatment  of  Lafayette,  X. 
97,  2  b;  of  Lagrange,  105,  2  b.  His  rela¬ 
tions  with  Pollnitz,  XIII.  683,  1  a;  with 
Voltaire,  XVI.  406,  1  b,  ff. ;  with  the  United 
States  during  the  revolutionary  war,  X.  296, 
1  a.  Interview  with  Prince  Leopold,  X. 
357,  2  ab;  his  rebuke  of  the  latter,  2  b. 
Opposition  of  the  empress  Elizabeth  to  him, 
VI.  538,  1  b.  Statue  of,  II.  565,  2  c  (ill., 
564). 

Frederick  William  II.,  VII.  458. 

Frederick  William  III.,  VII.  459. 

Frederick  William  IV.,  VII.  460. 

Frederick  Charles  Nicholas,  prince  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  VII.  461. 

Frederick  William  Nicholas  Charles,  crown 
prince  of  Prussia,  VII.  462. 

VIII.  SAXONY. 

Frederick  III.  (the  Wise),  elector,  VII.  462. 


FREDERICK 


FRENCH 


327 


Frederick  Augustus  I.,  first  king,  VII.  462. 
Frederick  Augustus  II.,  VrII.  463. 

IX.  WURTEMBERG. 

Frederick  I.,  first  king,  VII.  463. 

Frederick  (son  of  William  I.,  king  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands),  prince  and  general,  II.  491,  2  be; 
XVI.  633,  2  b. 

Frederick  III. ,  duke  of  Holstein-Gottorp,  be¬ 
trayal  of  Denmark  by,  IV.  527,  2  b. 
Frederick ,  prince  of  Wales,  hated  by  bis  father, 
George  II.,  VII.  704,  2  c. 

Frederick  Henry,  of  Nassau,  stadtb older,  XI. 

288,  2  a ;  XII.  248,  1  c,  2  a. 
Fredericksburg,  city  of  Virginia,  VII.  463. 
Fredericksburg ,  county  seat,  VII.  810,  2  c. 
Fredericksburg,  Battle  of,  VII.  463.  Map,  464. 
Fredericton,  capital  of  New  Brunswick,  VII. 

466.  Christ  church,  2  a  (ilk). 
Frederiksborg,  Danish  royal  palace,  VII.  467. 
Frederikshald,  or  Frederikshall  [fred'«er-iks- 
hal],  seaport  of  Norway,  VII.  467.  Death 
of  Charles  XII.  at,  IV.  306,  2  c. 
Frederikshamn  [-hown],  Finland,  VII.  467. 
Frederikstad,  town  of  Norway,  VII.  467. 
Frederiksteen  [-stain],  fortress  of,  VII.  467, 1  b. 
Fredonia,  village  of  New  York,  VII.  467. 
Fredonia ,  county  seat,  XVI.  650,  1  c. 

Fredonia ,  United  States  storeship,  wrecked  by 
a  tidal  wave,  I.  701,  2  c. 

Free  Baptists:  see  Freewill  Baptists,  VII. 
473,  2  a. 

Free'born,  county,  VII.  467. 

“  Free-born  John ,”  sobriquet,  X.  469,  1  b. 
Free  Churcii  of  Scotland,  VII.  467 ;  XIII. 
811,  2  a. 

Free  congregations ,  in  Germany,  VII.  736,  2  c. 
Freedmen,  VII.  469.  In  Rome,  1  be ;  XIII. 

169,  1  c.  In  the  United  States,  VII.  469, 2  a. 
Freehold:  see  Estate,  VI.  738,  1  a;  XIV. 
228,  2  a,  267,  2  c. 

Freehold ,  county  seat,  XI.  753,  2  b. 

Freeman,  Edward  Augustus,  English  historical 
writer,  VII.  470. 

Freeman,  James,  American  clergyman,  VII.  470. 
Freemasonry,  VII.  470.  Suppressed  in  Rus¬ 
sia,  I.  283,  2  a. 

Freemasons ,  mediaeval  fraternity  of,  I.  663,  1  c. 

Lodges  of,  2  a.  See  VII.  471,  1  a. 

Freemen ,  in  the  feudal  system,  VII.  162,  1  a. 
Freeport,  city  of  Illinois,  VII.  472. 

F'eeport ,  county  seat,  V.  442,  2  c. 

Free  religious  movement ,  so  called,  VII.  511,1c. 
Feeesoilers,  political  party,  VII.  472 ;  I.  83, 


1  b;  XV.  100, 1  c;  596,  2  c.  Coalition  with 
the  democrats,  II.  286,  1  b. 

Freestone,  county,  VII.  473. 

Free  Thinkers,  VII.  473. 

Freetown,  capital  of  Sierra  Leone,  VII.  473. 
Free  trade ,  opposed  and  favored:  see  Politi¬ 
cal  Economy,  XIII.  671,  2  b,  674,  2  a; 
Peel,  Sir  Robert,  225,  1  c,  ff . ;  Calhoun, 
III.  586,  2  a,  b ;  Excise,  VII.  23,  2  be  ;  Tax¬ 
es,  XV.  589,  1  be. 

Free'will  Baptists,  VII.  473  ;  II.  293,  2  a. 
Freezing,  Artificial,  VII.  474. 

Freiberg  [fri'-bairg],  town  of  Saxony,  VII.  475. 
Freibergite ,  mineral,  XV.  50,  1  c. 

Freiburg  [fri'-boorg],  city  of  Baden,  VII.  475. 

Cathedral  of,  1  c  (ilk). 

Freiburg,  Switzerland  :  see  Fribourg. 
Freiburg  unterm  Fukstenstein  [oon'-term 
fur'-sten-stine],  town  of  Prussia,  VII.  475. 
Freight  :  see  Shipping. 

Freiligrath,  Ferdinand  [fri'-le-grat],  German 
poet,  VII.  475.  (Died  1876.) 

Freising  [frl'-zing],  town  of  Bavaria,  VII.  476. 
Freising en :  see  Freising. 

Frejus  [fra-zhus],  town  of  France,  VII.  476. 
Frelighsburg ,  county  seat,  XI.  650,  1  c. 
Frelinghuysen,  Frederick  [fre'-ling-bl-zen] 
American  statesman,  VII.  476.  Theodore, 

2  c.  Frederick  Theodore,  477,  1  a. 

Fremiet,  Emmanuel  [fra-mya],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  VII.  477. 

Fre'mont,  two  counties,  VII.  477. 

Fremont,  city  of  Ohio,  VII.  477. 

Fremont',  John  Charles  (Fr.  Fremont,  frii-md0*), 
American  explorer  and  soldier,  VII.  477.  Ex¬ 
peditions  across  the  continent,  478, 1  ab,  ff. ; 
480,  1  ab.  Candidate  for  the  presidency, 
lb.  Service  during  the  civil  war,  1  c.  Sec¬ 
ond  nomination  for  the  presidency,  2  a. 
Fremontin ,  judge,  summoned  before  Andrew 
Jackson,  IX.  491,  2  c. 

Fremont"1  s  Basin:  see  Great  Basin. 

Fremont's  peak,  VII.  478,  1  b  ;  XIV.  376,  1  c; 
XVI.  749,  2  c. 

Fremy,  Edmond  [fra-me],  French  chemist,  VII. 
480.  His  theory  of  fermentation,  145,  1  a. 
Arnould,  novelist,  480,  2  be. 

French,  county,  VII.  480. 

French  academy :  see  Academy,  I.  50,  2  c,  ff. 
{Academic  frangaise).  Its  dictionary,  ib. ; 
VI.  94,  2  a. 

French  Broad  River,  VII.  480. 

French  Catholic  church,  the,  so  styled,  IV. 
335,  2  a ;  VII.  579,  1  a. 


328 


FRENCH 


FRINGILLA 


French  chalk ,  IV.  232,  1  c ;  XV.  555,  1  b. 
French  Horn:  see  Horn,  VIII.  818,  1  b. 
French  and  Indian  war ,  XVI.  153,  1  be,  ff. ; 
483,  1  c. 

Frenchtown :  see  Monroe,  XI.  701,  1  c. 
Frendlesman ,  outlaw,  XII.  742,  2  c. 

Freneau,  Philip  [fre-no;],  American  poet,  VII. 
481. 

Frenum ,  ligament  of  the  tongue,  XV.  794,  2  c. 
Frere,  Charles  Theodore  [frail*],  French  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  481.  Pierre  Edouard,  1  be. 

Frere,  John  Hookham  [freer],  English  poet 
and  diplomatist,  VII.  481.  Sir  Henry  Bartle 
Edward,  2  b. 

Frere  Robert  [frair  ruh-bair] :  see  Francis  of 
Paula,  VII.  424,  1  c. 

Freres  cordonniers  [frail*  kor-duh-nya],  com¬ 
munity  of,  V.  491,  2  a. 

Freret,  Nicolas  [fra-ra],  French  scholar,  VII. 
481. 

Freron,  Elie  Catherine  [fra-rong],  French  jour¬ 
nalist,  VII.  481.  Louis  Stanislas,  revolu¬ 
tionist,  482,  1  b. 

Fresco  Painting-,  VII.  482.  Stereochrome, 
483,  1  b.  Transfer  of  frescoes  to  canvas, 

1  c.  History,  2  a.  Revival,  485,  1  ab. 
Fresenius,  Karl  Remigius  [fra-za'-ne-oos], 

German  chemist,  VII.  485. 

Fresnel,  Augustin  Jean  [fra-nSl],  French  phys¬ 
icist,  VII.  486.  His  system  of  lighthouse  il¬ 
lumination,  1  c,  2  be,  ff.  His  lens,  487,  1  b ; 
X.  457,  2  a  (ill.).  His  researches  on  light, 
X.  436,  2  b  ;  442,  2  a ;  443,  2  b,  c ;  447,  2  c  ; 
448,  2  b;  451,  1  c. 

Fresnillo  [frace-ne'-lyoj,  city  of  Mexico,  VII. 
489. 

Fresno,  county,  VII.  489. 

Fret,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 
Fretty ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 1  a.  (See  plate.) 
Fretum  Gallicum  (strait  of  Dover),  VI.  232, 1  c. 
Freund,  Wilhelm  [froind],  German  lexicogra¬ 
pher,  VII.  489. 

Freyberg:  see  Freiberg. 

Freycinet,  Louis  Claude  Desaulses  de  [fra-se- 
na],  French  navigator,  VII.  489. 

Freyja  [fri'-ya],  in  Norse  mythology,  XII.  119, 

2  c ;  VI.  399,  2  a. 

Freyr  [frire],  in  Norse  mythology,  XII.  120, 1  b. 
Freysing :  see  Freising. 

Freytag,  Georg  Wilhelm  Friedrich  [fri'-takh], 
German  orientalist,  VII.  489. 

Freytag,  Gustav,  German  novelist,  VII.  489. 
Fria  [fre'-a],  in  German  mythology,  XII.  120, 
2  a„ 


Friar  bird ,  XIII.  635,  1  c. 

Friar's  Point ,  county  seat,  IV.  725,  1  b. 

Friars  preachers :  see  Dominicans. 

Friar  Tuck,  legendary,  XI.  846,  2  c. 

Fribourg  [fre-boor],  canton  of  Switzerland, 
VII.  490.  Capital  city,  2  a  (view). 

Fricco,  phallic  deity,  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Friction,  in  mechanics,  VII.  491.  Internal  or 
molecular,  VI.  490,  2  a. 

Friday,  VII.  491.  See  Good  Friday. 

Fridericia  [fre-deh-re'-se-a],  town  of  Den¬ 
mark,  VII.  492. 

Friedenstein  [fre'-den-stine],  palace  of,  VIII. 
123,  2  a  (ill.). 

Friedland  [Ger.  freed'-lant],  town  of  Prussia, 
VII.  492.  Battle  of,  1  b  ;  III.  42,  2  c.  Town 
of  Bohemia,  VII.  492,  1  b.  Town  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Strelitz,  1  c. 

Friedli,  Berner  [freed'-le] :  see  Mind, Gottfried. 

Friedrich,  Johann  [freed'-riTi],  German  the¬ 
ologian,  VII.  492. 

Friendly  Islands,  VII.  492.  Cromlech  at 
Tongataboo  (ill.),  493. 

Friends,  sect  of  Christians,  VII.  493.  Origin 
of  the  society,  2  b.  Persecutions,  494,  1  ab. 
Their  peculiarities,  495,  2  a.  Doctrines,  2  c. 
Discipline,  497,  2  a.  Doctrinal  division  in 
the  United  States,  498,  1  b.  Relaxation  of 
their  former  rigor  in  England,  2  ab.  Num¬ 
bers,  2  b.  Schools,  missions,  &c.,  2  be. 

“  Friends  of  God,"  mystic  brotherhood,  XV. 
584,  2  a. 

Fries  [freez],  pardon  of  by  President  Adams,  I. 
92,  2  c. 

Fries,  Elias  [freece],  Swedish  botanist,  VII. 
498.  His  treatise  on  mycology,  532,  1  a. 

Fries,  Ernst,  German  painter,  VII.  499.  Bern- 
hard,  painter,  1  a. 

Fries,  Jakob  Friedrich,  German  philosopher, 
VII.  499.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  442,  1  b. 

Friesland  [freece'-land],  province  of  Holland, 
VII.  499. 

Frieze,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  be  ;  Corin¬ 
thian,  658,  1  a. 

Frigate:  see  Navy,  XII.  185,  1  b;  186, 1  be; 
188,  1  b. 

Frigate  Bird,  VII.  499  (ill.). 

Frigate  pelican :  see  Frigate  Bird. 

Frigg,  in  German  mythology,  XII.  120,  2  a. 

Frigga  :  see  Odin,  and  Friday. 

Frigidarium,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  382,  2  b  (ill.). 

Fringed  actinia,  I.  75,  2  a  (ills.,  74). 

Fringe  Tree,  VII.  500  (ill.). 

Fringilla  (ornithology),  VII.  190,  2  a.  F, 


FRINGILLINZE 


FUCA 


329 


Canaria,  III.  691,  2  o.  F.  carduelis,  VIII. 
90,  2  b  (ill.).  F.  chloris,  VII.  191,  1  b  (ill.). 
F.  citrinella,  III.  692,  1  c.  F.  ccelebs,  IV. 
224,  2  be  (ill.).  F.  hyemalis :  see  Junco 
(Index).  F.  linaria:  s qq  JRgiothus.  F.  mon- 
tifringilla,  VII.  190,  2  be  (ill.,  191).  F. 
pinus,  191,  1  e.  F.  serinus,  III.  692,  1  c. 
F.  spinus :  see  Carduelis.  F.  tristis :  see 
Chrysomitris. 

Fringilli'nce  (ornithology),  VII.  190,  1  ab. 
Frio  [fre'-o],  county,  VII.  500. 

Frisia:  see  Friesland. 

Frisians,  a  Germanic  people,  VII.  500.  Fri¬ 
sian  dialects,  501,  1  c.  Literature,  2  be. 
Frisians ,  party  of  Mennonites,  XI.  389,  2  a. 
Frisians,  apostle  of  the:  see  Wilbrord. 
Frisket,  of  printing  press,  XIII.  852,  1  b. 
Frislanda,  island  cf :  see  Zeno,  Nicold  and 
Antonio. 

Fi'it,  in  glazing,  XIII.  790,  2  b ;  791,  2  c.  Frit 
furnace,  790,  2  be. 

Frith ,  a  deep  inlet,  XIV.  698,  2  be. 

Frith,  William  Powell,  English  artist,  VII.  502. 
Frit’ Maries,  butterflies,  III.  498,  2  b. 

Fritz,  Samuel,  German  missionary,  VII.  502. 
Friuli  [fre-oo'-le],  province  of  Italy,  VII.  502. 
Fro,  in  German  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Frobel:  see  Froebel. 

Fro'bisher,  Sir  Martin,  English  explorer,  VII. 

502;  I.  669,  1  a. 

Frobisher  Bay,  VII.  502. 

Froebel,  Friedrich  [fro'-bel],  German  educa¬ 
tor,  VII.  502;  IX.  273,  2  b.  Julius,  author 
and  traveller,  VII.  502,  2  c. 

Frog,  reptile,  VII.  503.  Anatomy,  2  b.  Re¬ 
production,  504,  1  be ;  the  tadpole,  1  c  (ills.). 
Use  of  in  anatomical  experiments,  505,  1  c ; 
as  food,  2  b.  Bullfrog,  2  c  (ill.,  506).  Other 
kinds,  506-7  (ills.).  Grade  of  frogs,  507, 
1  c.  Fossil  frogs,  ib. 

Frog,  of  the  horse’s  foot,  VIII.  826,  1  c. 

Frog  fish:  see  Toad  Fish. 

Frog  plate,  in  a  microscope,  XI.  521,  1  c. 
Frogstay,  in  the  horse’s  foot,  VIII.  826,  1  c. 
Froissart,  Jehan  or  Jean  [frwa-sar],  French 
chronicler,  VII.  507.  Froissart’s  “  Chroni¬ 
cles,”  2  b;  508,  1  a;  402,  1  b. 

Frolic,  sloop,  engagement  with  the  Wasp,  IX. 
678,  1  b. 

Frome,  town  of  England,  VII.  508. 

Fromentin,  Eugene  [fro-mang-t&ng],  French 
painter  and  author,  VII.  508.  (Died  1876.) 
Fronde  [frongd],  French  political  faction,  VII. 
508 ;  X.  630,  2  b;  XI.  306,  1  a. 


Frondeur  [frong-diihr],  political  sobriquet,  II. 

198,  2  b;  VII.  508,  2  b. 

Fron'tenao,  county,  VII.  509. 

Frontenac,  Louis  de  Buade,  count  de  [frong- 
tiih-nak],  governor  of  Canada,  VII.  509. 
Frontier,  county,  VII.  510. 

Frontignan  [frong-te-nyangJ,  wine,  VII.  411,  2  c. 
Fronti'nus,  Sextus  Julius,  Roman  consul,  his 
work  on  aqueducts,  I.  612,  2  a  ;  IX.  115,  2  b. 
Frontispieces  in  private  buildings,  introduced,  I. 
188,  2  c. 

Fronto  (M.  Cornelius,  Roman  orator  and  teach¬ 
er  of  eloquence,  tutor  of  Marcus  Aurelius), 
X.  198,  1  c.  His  epistles,  355,  1  b. 

Front  or  Colorado  range,  Rocky  mountains,  V. 

100,  1  a ;  XIV.  376,  2  b. 

Front  Royal,  county  seat,  XVI.  460,  1  b. 
Frosinone  [fro-ze-no'-na],  town  of  Italy,  VII. 

510. 

Frossard,  Charles  Auguste  [frus-sar],  French 
soldier,  VII.  510.  (Died  1875.) 

Frost,  VII.  510.  Hoar  frost,  1  c. 

Frost,  William  Edward,  English  painter,  VII. 

511.  (Died  1877.) 

Frostwork ,  VII.  510,  2  be. 

Frothingham,  Nathaniel  Langdon,  American 

clergyman  and  writer,  VII.  511.  Octavius 
Brooks,  preacher  and  writer,  1  b. 
Frothingham,  Richard,  jr.,  historian,  VII.  511. 
Froude,  James  Anthony  [frood],  English  his¬ 
torian,  VII.  511.  His  controversy  with 
Father  Burke  referred  to,  III.  458,  2  b. 
Richard  Ilurrell,  clergyman,  VII.  512,  1  a. 
Fructification ,  process  of:  see  Plant,  XIII. 

590,  1  c ;  Protoplasm,  XIV.  34,  2  ab. 
Fructose:  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  1  a. 

Fructus ,  in  Roman  law,  I.  192,  1  a. 

Frugality  banks,  referred  to,  XIV.  647,  2  b. 
Fruit ,  development  of,  XIII.  590,  1  c. 
Fruitlands,  community  farm,  I.  266,  1  c. 
Frumentius,  bishop  of  Abyssinia,  I.  45,  2  c ; 
48,  1  b. 

Fru'mity  (properly  frumenty),  preparation  of 
wheat,  XVI.  588,  2  b. 

Frusi'no,  ancient  town :  see  Frosinone. 

Fry,  Elizabeth,  English  philanthropist,  VII.  512. 
Fry,  William  Henry,  American  composer  and 
journalist,  VII.  512. 

Fryken  [frii'-ken],  lakes  in  Sweden,  VII.  512. 
Fryxell,  Anders  [frux'-el],  Swedish  historian, 
VII.  512. 

Fuad  Pasha  [foo'-ad  pa-sha'],  Turkish  states¬ 
man,  VII.  512. 

Fuoa,  Strait  of,  VII.  513. 


330 


FUCACEiE 


FUNIS 


Fuca'cece  (botany),  I.  299,  1  c. 

Fuchs,  Johann  Nepomuk  von  [fooks],  German 
chemist,  VII.  513. 

Fuchs,  Dr.  Justus,  VII.  37,  2  c. 

Fuchs,  Konrad  Heinrich,  physician,  VII.  513. 

Fuchs,  Leonhard  von,  botanist,  VII.  513. 

Fuchsia  [fu'-slia],  genus  of  plants,  VII.  513. 
F.  coccinea,  2  c  (ill.) ;  coloring  matter  from, 
514,  2  c.  F.  fulgens,  1  a  (ill.).  F.  corymbi- 
fiora,  ib.  (ill.).  F.  arborescens,  1  b.  Culti¬ 
vated  varieties,  2  a. 

Fuchsine  [fooks'-in],  dyeing  and  preserving 
material,  VI.  343,  1  a;  XIII.  824,  1  c. 

Fuchsius:  see  Fuchs,  Leonhard  von. 

.  Fucus,  genus  of  algae,  VII.  514.  F.  vesiculo- 
sus,  248,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  515,  1  a;  I.  299,  2  a  (ill.). 
Uses  of  fucus,  VII.  515,  1  a.  Fossil  fuci,  1  c. 
Growth  in  the  ocean,  ib.  Medical  use,  2  b. 

Fueaians  [fu-e'-ie-ans],  S.  American  Indians, 
XIII.  156,  2  b. 

Fuel,  VII.  515.  Comparative  value  of  Ameri¬ 
can  woods,  516, 1  be  (table,  517).  Action  of 
heat  upon  wood,  2  a.  Charcoal,  2  be.  Peat, 
517,  1  b.  Artificial  fuel,  2  c.  Composition 
of  fuels,  518,  1  be.  Perfect  combustion,  2  c. 
Qualities  of  American  coals,  519, 1  ab  (table). 

Fuenterrabia  [fwain-tair-ra-be'-a],  city  of 
Spain,  VII.  520. 

Fuero  Juzgo  [fwa'-ro  khootli'-go],  collection  of 
Visigoth  laws,  VII.  520,  1  be. 

Fueros  [fwa'-roce],  in  Spanish  law",  VII.  520; 
I.  630,  1  a  and  c ;  II.  367,  1  a;  XIII.  287,  2  c. 

Fuerte  [fwair'-ta],  town  of  Mexico,  VII.  520. 

Fugger  [foog'-ger],  German  princely  family, 
VII.  520.  Allusion  to,  II.  107,  1  c. 

Fugitive,  in  law,  VII.  520. 

Fugitive  slave  law,  in  the  United  States,  VII. 
187,  2  c,  521,  1  a;  XVI.  170,  2  a,  171,  1  ab, 
b,  c,  172,  1  c.  Webster’s  justification  of  it, 
532,  1  b. 

Fugue  [fewg],  in  musical  composition,  VII.  521. 

Fuhchau  [foo-chow'J :  see  Foochow. 

Fuhrioh,  Joseph  von  [fu'-rich],  German  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  521.  (Died  1876.) 

Fulbe  [fool'-bSh] :  see  Foolahs. 

Fulbert  [Fr.  ful-bair],  canon :  see  Abelard,  I. 
18,  1  a. 

Fulda  [fool'-da],  town  of  Prussia,  VII.  521. 

Fulginia,  Fulginium:  see  Foligno. 

FuVgora  (entomology),  VII.  214, 1  c.  F.  later- 
naria,  2  a.  F.  Candelaria,  2  ab. 

Fulham  [fool'-um],  suburb  of  London,  VII.  521. 

Fu'lica  Americana  (ornithology),  V.  312,  1  b 
(ill.). 


Fulix  collaris  (ornithology),  III.  732,  2  c. 

Fuller,  Andrew,  English  theologian,  VII.  521. 

Fuller,  Margaret :  see  Ossoli,  Margaret  Fuller. 

Fuller,  Richard,  American  clergyman,  VII. 
522.  (Died  1876.) 

Fuller,  Thomas,  English  preacher  and  author, 
VII.  522. 

Fullers’  Earth,  VII.  523;  IV.  650,  2  a. 

Fullers ’  thistle,  XV.  712,  2  a.  See  Teasel. 

Fullerton,  Lady  Georgiana  Charlotte,  English 
authoress,  VII.  523. 

Fulling,  of  cloth,  VII.  523. 

Fulmar,  bird,  VII.  523  (ill.). 

Fulmarus  (ornithology),  VII.  523,  2  b. 

Fulminates:  see  Explosives,  VII.  39,  1  a. 

Fulminating  aniline ,  VII.  39,  2  ab. 

Fulminating  oil,  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Fulminating  silver  (Berthollet’s),  XV.  49,  1  a. 
Discovery  of,  II.  585,  1  a. 

Fulmin'ic  Acid,  VII.  524;  39,  1  a. 

Fulton  [fuF-tun],  eight  counties,  VII.  524, 

Fulton,  village  of  New  York,  VII.  525.  Town 
of  Missouri,  1  be. 

Fulton,  Robert,  American  inventor,  VII.  525. 
See  Steam  Navigation. 

Fulton  ferry  in  1791  (ill.),  III.  320,  2  c. 

Fulton  the  First ,  war  steamer,  VII.  526,  2  be. 

Fulvia,  Roman  lady,  VII.  526. 

Fumbina  [foom-be'-na] :  see  Adam  aw  a. 

Fuming  liquor  of  Libavius,  IV.  359,  1  c. 

Funchal  [foon-sbal'J,  capital  of  Madeira,  VII, 
527  (view). 

Fundata  intentio,  in  law,  IV.  625,  2  ab. 

Fun'dulus  (ichthyology),  XI.  613,  1  a.  F.  pis 
culentus,  1  b  (ill.). 

Fundy,  Bay  of,  VII.  527. 

Funen,  island  of  Denmark,  VII.  527. 

Funeral  Rites:  see  Burial. 

Funes,  Gregorio  [foo'-nace],  Argentine  histo¬ 
rian,  VII.  528. 

Funfkirchen  [funf'-keer-fhen],  town  of  Hun¬ 
gary,  VII.  528. 

Fungi,  VII.  528.  Their  character,  2  a;  prop¬ 
agation,  2  c;  growth,  529,  1  a;  forms,  1  c; 
physical  qualities,  2  c.  Edible  fungi,  530, 
1  c  (ill.,  531,  2  b) :  see  Mushroom,  and 
Truffle.  Poisonous  fungi,  2  c  (ill.).  Medi¬ 
cal  and  other  uses,  531,  1  ab.  Agricultural 
pests,  1  b  (ills.,  532).  Classification,  2  c. 
Mycology,  533,  2  c. 

Fungia  echinata,  polyp,  V.  340,  1  a  (ill.). 

Fungible,  law  term,  VII.  534. 

Funic'ulus,  in  botany,  XIII.  587,  2  c ;  592,  1  a. 

Funis,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  2  be. 


FBNZA 


GABRIELLI 


331 


Funza  [foon'-tha],  river  and  cataract,  II.  782,  2  c. 

Fur,  VII.  534.  Fur  trade  of  North  America, 
2  b.  Varieties  of  fur,  and  their  value,  536, 
2  a,  ff.  How  obtained,  539,  2  b.  Prices, 
2  c.  Fur  markets,  540,  1  a  (table  of  sales). 
Fur  dressing,  2  c.  Preservation  of  fur,  541, 
1  b.  Preparation  for  felting,  VIII.  510,  2  a. 

Furcifer  (zoology),  V.  757,  2  a ;  758,  1  c.  F. 
Antisiensis,  2  a.  F.  huamel,  ib. 

Fur' culm  Caudi'nm:  see  Caudine  Forks. 

Fureedpoor',  district  of  India,  VII.  541. 

FuRETikRE,  Antoine  [ftir-tyair],  French  author, 
VII.  541. 

Furies  :  see  Eumenides,  and  I.  263,  2  b. 

Furlong,  measure  of  length,  VII.  541. 

Furnace,  VII.  541 ;  IX.  390,  2  b,  ff.  Supply 
of  air,  VII.  542,  1  a.  Air,  wind,  or  reverbe¬ 
ratory  furnaces,  1  b,  2  ab.  Blast  furnaces, 
1  c ;  IX.  392,  1  be,  ff.  (ills.,  393,  394).  Gas 
furnaces,  VII.  542,  2  b.  Griffin’s  blast  gas 
furnace,  2  be  (ills.,  542,  543).  Siemens’s 
regenerating  gas  furnace,  543,  2  a  (ills.,  543, 
544). — Assaying  furnace,  II.  27,  1  b.  Bloom¬ 
ary  furnaces:  see  Bloomary.  Cupola  fur¬ 
nace,  IV.  74,  1  be  (ills.,  74,  75).  Furnace 
for  brass  and  bronze,  80,  2  a  (ill.).  Glass 
furnaces,  VIII.  14, 1  b ;  17,  1  c ;  19,  1  b.  Pud¬ 
dling  furnace,  IX.  399, 1  c  (ill.)  ;  referred  to, 
VII.  317,  2  c.  Zinc  furnaces,  XVI.  820,  1  b 
(Hasenclever’s,  ill.),  823,  2  a  (Belgian,  ill.). 

Furnarius  (ornithology),  XII.  745.  F.  rufus, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Furness,  William  Ilenry,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  author,  VII.  545. 

Furniture ,  in  printing,  XIII.  850,  1  a. 

Furruckabad',  city  of  India,  VII.  545. 

Furst,  Julius,  German  orientalist,  VII.  545. 

Furth  [ftirt],  town  of  Bavaria,  VII.  545. 

Further  India :  see  Indo-Ciiina. 


G,  a  letter,  VII.  548.  Pronunciation,  1  a.  In 
combinations,  1  be.  In  the  calendar,  2  a.  In 
music,  ib. 

Gabelentz,  IlansConon  vonder  [ga'-beh-lents], 
German  philologist,  VII.  548.  (Died  1874.) 
Ga'bes ,  gulf  of:  see  Syrtis  Major. 

Gabet ,  Joseph  [ga-ba] :  see  Hue. 

Ga'bii,  Roman  city,  IV.  70,  1  b. 

Gabinian  law ,  IX.  5,  1  c. 

Gabirol  :  see  Solomon  ben  Gabirol. 


Fury  of  Antwerp,  day  of  massacre,  IX.  653, 1  b. 

Furze ,  shrub,  XVI.  103,  2  a  (ill.). 

Fuse,  Safety,  VII.  545.  Use  of:  see  Blast¬ 
ing,  II.  699,  2  a. 

Fusee',  of  a  watch,  IV.  701,  2  a  (ill.).  In  pyro- 
techny,  XIV.  117,  2  a. 

Fusel  Oil,  VII.  546;  VI.  144,  2  b.  Used  for 
making  flavors,  VI.  734,  1  a. 

Fuseli,  John  Henry  [fu'-zeh-le],  painter  and 
writer  on  art,  VII.  546. 

Fusibility,  VII.  546.  Fusing  points,  2  b  (table). 

Fusible  Metals  :  see  Alloy,  I.  335,  2  b,  and 
Bismuth. 

Fusil ,  musket,  XII.  100,  2  c. 

Fusil,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Fusileers',  in  German  infantry,  IX.  270,  1  c. 
In  British  infantry,  XII.  100,  2  c. 

Fusilly,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  a. 

Fusiyama  [foo-ze-ya'-ma],  volcano  in  Japan, 
VII.  547  (ill.);  IX.  530,  2  c. 

Filssli  [fiis'-lej :  see  Fuseli. 

Fust,  Johann  [foost] :  see  Faust,  VII.  96,  2  c. 

Fustet  [Fr.  fiis-ta],  Venice  sumach,  VII.  547, 1  c. 

Fustic,  dyewood,  VII.  547 ;  VI.  342,  1  a. 

Fustine  [fus'-tin],  vegetable  principle,  VII.  547, 
2  a. 

Futajallon:  see  Foota  Jallon. 

Futhorcs,  runic  alphabets,  XIV.  469,  2  a. 

Futteh  Ali:  see  Feth  Ali. 

Futteh  Jung,  nominal  king  of  Afghanistan,  I. 
162,  1  a. 

Futteh  Khan,  Afghan  family  of,  VIII.  675, 1  ab. 

Futtehghur',  town  of  India,  VII.  547. 

Futtehpoor',  city  of  India,  VII.  547. 

Futtehpoor  Sikra,  town  of  India,  VII.  547. 

Futtock  shrouds,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  b. 

Futtygurh :  see  Futtehghur. 

Fyen  [fti'-en] :  see  Funen. 

Fyzabad',  town  of  India,  VII.  547. 


Gaboon',  bay  of  Africa,  VII.  548.  French  col¬ 
ony,  2  be. 

Gaboriau,  Emile  [ga-bo-re-o],  French  novelist, 
VII.  549. 

Gabourd,  Amed6e[ga-boor],  historian,  VII.  549. 
Ga'briel,  angel,  VII.  549.  In  the  Koran,  XI. 
697,  2  c. 

Gabriel  Channel,  Patagonia,  VII.  549. 
Gabrielli,  Catarina  [ga-bre-el'-le],  Italian  vo¬ 
calist,  VII.  549.  Francesca,  2  c. 


332 


GABRIELLI 


GALDO 


Gabrielli,  Nicolb,  count,  composer,  VII.  549. 

Gabriellina  [ga-bre-el-le'-na],  vocalist  (Fran¬ 
cesca  Gabrielli),  VII.  549,  2  c. 

Gachard,  Louis  Prosper  [ga-sliar],  Belgian 
archivist,  VII.  549. 

Gad,  son  of  Jacob,  VII.  550. 

Gadames:  see  Ghadames. 

Gad'ara,  city  of  Palestine,  VII.  550. 

Gadarenes ',  country  of  the,  VII.  550,  1  c. 

Gadari'tis,  district  of  Palestine,  VII.  550,  1  c. 

Gaddi,  Gaddo,  Florentine  artist,  VII.  550.  Tad¬ 
deo,  painter,  2  a.  Angelo,  painter,  ib. 

Gade,  Niels  Wilhelm  [ga'-dSh],  Danish  com¬ 
poser,  VII.  550. 

Gades  [ga'-deez] :  see  Cadiz,  III.  537,  1  c. 

Gadfly,  VII.  550 ;  III.  141  (ill.) ;  VI.  130, 
1  be.  Its  muscular  activity,  IX.  313,  2  ab. 

Gadifer  de  la  Salle  [ga-de-fair  duh  la  sal], 
French  adventurer  :  see  Bethencourt. 

Ga'dir :  see  Cadiz,  III.  537,  1  c. 

Gadoxyline  [gad-ox'-e-lin],  gun  cotton,  VIII. 
324,  1  a. 

Gadsden,  county,  VII.  551. 

Gadsden,  county  seat,  VI.  764,  1  b. 

Gadsden,  Christopher,  American  statesman, 
VII.  551. 

Gadsden ,  James,  referred  to,  I.  711,  2  c. 

Gadsden  ’purchase,  XII.  320,  2  c;  XVI.  171,  2  a. 

Gaduine  [gad'-yu-in],  substance  in  cod-liver 
oil,  V.  12,  1  ab. 

Gad'wall,  duck,  VII.  551  (ill.). 

Gcea  [je'-a],  in  Greek  mythology,  XV.  660,  2  b. 

Gael  [gail],  Celtic  race,  VII.  552. 

Gaelic  language,  IV.  177,  1  b,  c;  179,  2  b. 

Gaeta  [ga-a'-ta],  city  of  Italy,  VII.  552  (view). 

G^etu'lia,  ancient  country  of  Africa,  VII.  552. 

Gcetulicus ,  surname,  VII.  553,  1  b. 

Gaff,  gaffe,  steel  spur,  IV.  782,  2  be. 

Gaff  eld,  Thomas,  his  experiments  showing  the 
action  of  sunlight  on  glass,  VIII.  12,  2  b. 

Gag  rule ,  so  called,  in  congress :  see  Atherton, 
II.  66.  Repealed,  I.  105,  2  c. 

Gagarin  [ga-ga'-rin],  princely  Russian  family, 
VII.  553.  Matfei  Petrovitch,  governor  of 
Siberia,  1  b.  Alexander  Ivanovitch,  general 
officer,  ib.  Pavel  Pavlovitch,  statesman,  ib. 
John  (Ivan),  Jesuit,  1  e. 

Gage,  county,  VII.  553. 

Gage,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
VII.  553. 

Gagetown,  county  seat,  XIV.  144,  2  c. 

“  Gagging  act ,”  in  Ireland,  IX.  360,  1  c. 

Gagmegue :  see  Agmegue. 

Gahn  [gan],  (Joseph  Gottlieb,  Swedish  miner¬ 


alogist,  1745-1818),  his  experiments  with  the 
blowpipe,  II.  748,  1  b. 

Gail :  see  Gael. 

Gail,  Jean  Baptiste  [gay’],  French  author,  VII. 
553.  Edme  Sophie,  musical  composer,  2  c. 

Gaillao  [ga-yak],  town  of  France,  VII.  554. 

Gaillard,  Gabriel  Henri  [gH-yar],  French  his¬ 
torian,  VII.  554. 

Gaines,  Edmund  Pendleton,  American  general, 
VII.  554.  Myra  Clark,  1  c. 

Gainesborough,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  1  c. 

Gainesville,  county  seats,  I.  235,  1  b ;  V.  295, 
2  a;  VIII.  228, 1  a;  396,  2  a;  XII.  775,  2  c. 

Gainsborough,  town  of  England,  VII.  555. 
Battle  of,  V.  501,  2  c. 

Gainsborough,  Thomas,  English  painter,  VII. 
555. 

Gairdner,  William,  British  physician,  VII.  555. 

Gaita ,  wife  of  Robert  Guiscard,  I.  293,  1  c. 

Gaius  [ga'-yus],  Roman  jurist,  VII.  555.  In¬ 
stitutes  of,  2  ab.  Palimpsest  of,  discovered 
by  Niebuhr,  2  b ;  XI.  132,  2b;  II.  482,  2  ab. 

Galactoden'dron  :  see  Cow  Tree. 

Galactom'eter,  VII.  556. 

Galactose:  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  1  a. 

Galacz  [ga'-latch] :  see  Galatz. 

Gala'go  :  see  Lemur,  X.  339,  1  c. 

Gal'ahad ,  Sir,  legendary  knight,  VIII.  135,  2  c. 

Galan'gal,  root  of  a  Chinese  plant,  VII.  556. 

Galanthus  (botany),  XV.  137,  1  b.  G.  nivalis, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Galapagos  [ga-la'-pa-goce],  islands,  VII.  556. 

Gal'asa:  see  Gerasa. 

Galashiels  [gal-a-sheelz'],  burgh  of  Scotland, 
VII.  557. 

Gal'ata  :  see  Constantinople,  V.  277,  1  ab. 

Galatce ,  ancient  people,  IV.  176,  2  be  (Celts). 

Galate'a  :  see  Acis.  Grotto  of,  I.  66,  2  b. 

Galatia,  ancient  province  of  Asia  Minor,  VII. 
557.  Galatians,  2  c. 

Galatians,  Epistle  to  the,  VII.  557. 

Galatz  [ga'-lats],  town  of  Roumania,  VII.  558 
(view). 

Gal'axy,  milky  way,  VII.  558.  Description 
of,  2  be.  Sir  W.  Herschel’s  observations 
upon,  559,  1  c;  Sir  J.  Herschel’s,  560,  1  ab; 
Struve’s,  1  b.  Recent  researches,  2  a. 

Galba,  Servius  Sulpicius,  Roman  emperor, 
VII.  560. 

Gal'banum,  gum  resin,  VII.  561 ;  VIII.  321,  2  c. 

Gal'bula  (ornithology),  IX.  479,  2  c.  G.  viri- 
dis,  480,  1  b  (ill.).  G.  paradisea,  ib. 

Galdo,  Maria  Anna  del:  see  Bethlehemites, 
II.  596,  1  b. 


GALE 


GALLEGOS 


333 


GaT<ry  shrub,  II.  407,  1  b  (Bayberry). 

Gale,  James,  English  inventor,  VII.  561. 

Gale,  Theophilus,  English  theologian,  VII. 
561. 

Galeass  [gal'-e-ass] :  see  Galley,  VII.  576,  2  b. 
Galeazzo  [ga-la-at'-so] :  see  Sforza,  and  Vis¬ 
conti. 

Gale'idce  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  1  be. 

Galen,  Christoph  Bernhard  von  [ga'-len],  Ger¬ 
man  soldier  and  prelate,  VII.  561. 

Ga'len,  Claudius,  ancient  physician,  VII.  562 ; 
XI.  347,  2  a.  His  dissections  of  animals  and 
probably  of  men,  V.  185,  1  c.  His  treat¬ 
ment  of  insanity,  IX.  297,  2  a;  referred  to, 
I.  460,  2  a.  Gave  form  to  the  law  of  con- 
traria ,  VIII.  783,  2  c. 

Gale'na,  mineral,  VII.  562 ;  X.  249,  2  b,  250, 

1  b.  Argentiferous  character  of,  XV.  50, 1  b. 
Galena  limestone,  X.  252,  2  a. 

Galena,  city  of  Illinois,  VII.  563. 

Galena ,  county  seat,  XV.  399,  1  c. 
Galeopithe'cus  :  see  Flying  Lemur,  and  II. 
378,  2  c.  G.  volans  (ill.),  VII.  298,  2  a.  G. 
variegatus,  2  b. 

Galeotte ,  small  galley,  VII.  576,  2  b. 

Galera  [g&-la/-ra],  capture  of,  IX.  652,  2  c. 
Galerien  [ga-la-re-ang],  galley  convict,  VII.  576, 

2  c;  577,  1  c. 

Gale'rius,  Caius  Valerius  Haximianus,  Roman 
emperor,  VII.  563. 

Gales,  Joseph,  American  journalist,  VII.  563. 
Joseph  (2d),  2  b. 

Galesburg,  city  of  Illinois,  VII.  563. 
Galesville,  town  of  Wisconsin,  VII.  564. 
Ga'leus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  1  c.  G.  vul¬ 
garis,  ib. 

Galibi  [ga-le'-be],  Carib  tribe,  III.  788,  1  b. 

Dictionary  and  catechism,  1  be. 

Galicia  [ga-lish'-a],  province  of  Austria,  VII. 
564.  Inhabitants,  2  b.  Language  and  litera¬ 
ture,  565,  1  a.  History,  1  b. 

Galicia  [Sp.  ga-le'-the-a],  division  of  Spain, 
VII.  565.  History,  566,  1  ab. 
Galigai,Leonora[g&A<d-ghl'\lAQ§y 2  c,  470, 1  ab. 
Gal'ilee,  division  of  Palestine,  VII.  566. 
Galilee,  Sea  of :  see  Gennesaret. 

Galileiy  Vincenzo  [ga-le-la'-e],  Italian  musician, 
VII.  566,  2  a ;  XII.  89,  2  c,  90,  1  a. 

Galileo  Galilei,  Italian  philosopher  and 
mathematician,  VII.  566.  His  discovery  of 
the  isochronism  of  the  pendulum,  2  ab.  On 
the  difference  of  time  in  the  velocity  of  fall¬ 
ing  bodies,  2  be.  Invention  of  the  telescope, 
567,  1  b ;  XV.  623,  1  b  (ill.,  2  a).  Of  the 


compound  microscope  claimed  for  him,  VII. 

567,  2  ab.  Persecution  of  Galileo,  2  be; 

568,  2  ab.  His  astronomical  discoveries, 
567,  1  c,  2  a,  b;  568,  2  c.  His  investiga¬ 
tions  of  atmospheric  pressure,  II.  325,  1  c. 
His  writings,  VII.  567,  2  c;  568,  1  c,  2  a,  c; 
IX.  462,  2  ab.  His  measurement  of  the  area 
between  a  cycloid  and  its  base,  XI.  395,  2  a. 
Discovery  of  the  sun  spots,  XV.  471,  2  a. 
His  observations  of  Saturn,  XVI.  640,  1  b. 

Galimard,  Nicolas  Auguste  [ga-ie-mar],  French 
painter,  VII.  569. 

Galin,  Pierre  [ga-lang],  musician,  VII.  569. 
Galinozo  stone  [ga-le-no'-so],  XI.  467,  2  c. 
Gal'ioty  a  small  galley,  VII.  576,  2  b. 

Galipe'a  officina'lis  (botany),  I.  507,  1  c. 
Galitzin  :  see  Gallitzin. 

Ga’lium  (botany),  I.  321,  1  b.  G.  triflorum, 
XVI.  711,  1  ab. 

Gall,  Saint,  apostle  of  Switzerland,  VII.  569. 
Gall,  Franz  Joseph  [Ger.  gal],  founder  of 
phrenology,  VII.  570. 

Gallce'cia ,  ancient  division  of  Spain,  referred 
to,  VII.  566,  1  ab ;  XV.  210,  1  b. 
Gal'lagher,  William  D.,  American  journalist 
and  poet,  VII.  570. 

Gallait,  Louis  [ga-la],  French  painter,  VII. 

571. 

Galla  language ,  VII.  571,  2  a;  I.  171,  1  b. 
Galland,  Antoine  [ga-lang],  French  antiquary 
and  linguist,  VII.  571.  First  to  make  the 
“  Arabian  Nights  ”  known  in  Europe,  1  be ; 
I.  624,  1  a. 

Gallas,  African  race,  VII.  571. 

Gallas,  Matthias  von,  count  [gal'-lass],  Ger¬ 
man  soldier,  VII.  571. 

Gal'latin,  three  counties,  VII.  572. 

Gallatin ,  county  seats,  V.  316,  2  c;  709,  1  b ; 
XV.  467,  2  c. 

Gallatin ,  river,  XI.  772,  1  c,  2  a. 

Gallatin,  Albert,  American  statesman,  VII. 

572. 

Gallaudet',  Rev.  Thomas  Hopkins,  founder 
of  the  first  American  institution  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  VII.  574;  V.  734,  1  be.  Thomas, 
clergyman  and  deaf-mute  instructor,  VII. 
574,  1  b.  Edward  Miner,  deaf-mute  in¬ 
structor,  1  c. 

Gall  Bladder,  VII.  574 ;  X.  537,  1  a  (ill.,  536). 
Galle,  Johann  Gottfried  [gal'-leh],  German 
astronomer,  VII.  575.  His  discovery  of 
the  planet  Neptune,  1  ab. 

Gallego  [ga-lya'-go],  a  wind,  XV.  205,  1  ab. 
Gallegos  [ga-lya'-goce],  Galicians,  VII.  566, 1  a. 


334 


GALLEON 


GALUPPI 


Galleon:  see  Galley,  VII.  576,  1  be;  Ship, 
XIV.  856,  2  c. 

Galletti,  Johann  Georg  August,  German 
historian  and  geographer,  VII.  575. 

Galley,  vessel  of  war,  VII.  575 ;  XII.  182, 
2  c,  183,  2  a.  Prow  of,  1  b  (ill.).  Roman 
galleys,  VII.  575,  2  c ;  ill.,  XII.  183.  Galleys 
of  the  Northmen,  2  be  (ill.,  Norman  galley). 
Galley ,  in  printing,  XIII.  848,  1  c. 

Galley  slaves :  see  Galley,  VII.  577,  1  a. 

Gall  fly,  XII.  558,  2  c,  ff.  (ill.). 

Galli,  Roman  priests  of  Oybele,  V.  389,  2  b. 
Galli,  Celts,  IV.  176,  2  be,  c;  VII.  557,  2  be. 
Gallia,  county,  VII.  577. 

Gallia  (Gaul),  VII.  647,  1  a.  Gallia  Cisalpina, 
Citerior,  or  Togata,  ib.  Gallia  Transalpina  or 
Ulterior,  2  c.  Gallia  Braccata  or  Comata,  648, 
1  b.  Gallia  Narbonensis,  2  c;  X.  152,  2  a. 
Gallia  Lugdunensis,  VII.  649,  1  a;  X.  758, 

1  c.  Gallia  Belgica,  VII.  649,  la;  II.  490,  2  a. 
Gallic  Acid,  VII.  577. 

Gallican  Church,  VII.  578.  Pragmatic  sanc¬ 
tions  of  Louis  IX.  and  Charles  VII.,  curtailipg 
papal  power  and  establishing  the  liberties  of 
the  Gallican  church,  1  b,  c ;  XIII.  800,  2  c ; 
X.  653,  1  ab ;  IV.  287, 1  b.  The  four  articles 
defining  its  relations  to  the  pope,  VII.  578, 

2  a;  III.  115,  1  be;  IX.  265,  lb;  condemned 
by  Pope  Alexander  VIII.,  I.  280,  2  be.  Gal- 
licanism  as  opposed  to  ultramontanism,  IX. 
265,  1  a,  ff . ;  289,  1  be;  XVI.  106,  1  be;  al¬ 
luded  to,  273,  2  b.  Napoleon’s  organic  arti¬ 
cles,  VII.  578,  2  b;  IX.  265,  1  c.  Vacilla¬ 
tion  and  final  acquiescence  of  Gallican  repre¬ 
sentatives  in  the  Vatican  council,  V.  684, 1  a ; 
VI.  320,  1  c;  XI.  154,  2  ab.  Present  rela¬ 
tions  of  the  church  of  Prance  to  Rome,  VII. 
579,  1  b;  374,  2  c,  ff. ;  XIV.  400,  1  a. 

Gallicanism ,  in  the  Catholic  church  in  France, 
IX.  265,  1  a.  See  Gallican  Chttroh. 

Gallic  sea :  see  Mediterranean,  XI.  353,  2  c. 
Gallienus,  Publius  Licinius  Egnatius  [gal-le- 
e'-nus],  Roman  emperor,  VII.  579.  His 
friendship  for  Plotinus,  XIII.  614,  2  b. 
Gallina'go  (ornithology),  XV.  132,  2  c,  133, 

1  b.  G.  Wilsonii,  1  b  (ill.).  G.  media, 

2  ab  (ill.).  G.  major,  ib. 

Gall  Insects  :  see  Galls. 

Gallinu'la  (ornithology),  VII.  580,  1  b.  G. 

galeata,  2  a  (ill.).  G.  chloropus,  ib. 
Gal'linule,  bird,  VII.  579.  Purple  gallinule, 
2  c  (ill.,  580).  Florida  gallinule,  580,  2  a  (ill.). 
Gallio,  Junius,  proconsul  of  Achaia,  VII.  580. 
Gallionism :  see  Gallio. 


Gallipoli  Fgal-lip'-o-lel,  town  of  Turkey,  VII. 
580;  view,  581. 

Gallipoli,  town  of  Italy,  VII.  581.  Its  olive 
oil,  1  be;  VI.  343,  2  ab. 

Gallipolis  [gal-le-po-leece'J,  city  of  Ohio, 
VII.  581. 

Gallissonniere,  Roland  Michel  Barrin,  mar¬ 
quis  de  la  [gal-lees-sun-yair],  French  ad¬ 
miral,  VII.  581. 

Gallit'zin,  Russian  princely  family,  VII.  581. 
Mikhail,  general,  2  b.  Vasili,  conspirator, 
ib.  Vasili,  the  Great,  general  and  states¬ 
man,  2  c.  Mikhail,  field  marshal,  ib.  Alex¬ 
ander,  general,  582,  1  a.  Dimitri,  ambas¬ 
sador,  1  ab.  Dimitri,  diplomatist  and  au¬ 
thor,  2  b.  Amalia,  pietist,  ib.  Sergei, 
general,  1  be.  Emanuil,  traveller  and 
author,  1  c. 

Gallitzin,  Demetrius  Augustine,  Russian  mis¬ 
sionary  priest,  VII.  582.  Elizabeth,  of  the 
society  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  583,  1  b. 

Galliwasp ,  lizard,  XV.  80,  2  a. 

Gallo-  Grcecia:  see  Galatia. 

Gallon,  liquid  measure,  VII.  583. 

Galloon ',  kind  of  ribbon,  XIV.  306,  1  be. 

Galloph' asis  (ornithology),  XIII.  385,  2  a.  G. 
nycthemerus,  2  b. 

Gallo-Roman  literature,  X.  200,  2  c. 

Gallotannate  of  iron,  XV.  567,  2  a. 

Gallotannic  acid,  XV.  567,  1  c,  2  a. 

Galloway,  Joseph,  American  loyalist, VII.  583. 

Gallows  screw,  Robert  Hare’s,  VIII.  458,  2  c. 

Galls,  vegetable  excrescences,  VII.  583  (ill.). 
See  Oak  Apple.  Chinese  galls,  XV.  463, 
2  c  (ill.). 

Gall  Stones  :  see  Calculi. 

Gallup,  Joseph  Adam,  American  physician 
and  author,  VII.  584. 

Galluppi:  see  Galuppi. 

Gallus  (ornithology),  IV.  780,  1  b.  G.  gigan- 
teus,  2  a,  and  782,  2  a,  c.  G.  Bankiva,  780, 
2  b,  and  782,  2  a.  G.  seneus,  780,  2  be.  G. 
furcatus,  2  c.  G.  Sonneratii,  781,  1  a  (ill.), 
and  782,  2  a.  G.  morio,  781,  1  c.  G.  cris- 
pus,  2  a.  G.  lanatus,  ib. 

Galsang  Gomboyeff, \  Buriat  scientist,  III.  455. 

Galt  [gawlt],  town  of  Canada,  VII.  584. 

Galt,  John,  Scottish  author,  VII.  584.  Sir 
Alexander  Tilloch,  Canadian  financier,  585, 
1  a. 

Galton,  Francis,  English  traveller  and  au¬ 
thor,  VII.  585. 

Galuppi,  Baldassare  [gd-loop'-pe],  Italian  mu¬ 
sician,  VII.  585. 


GALUPPI 


GANGLION 


335 


Galuppi,  Pasquale,  Italian  philosopher,  VII. 

585,  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444,  2  b. 

Galvani,  Aloisio  or  Luigi  [gal-va'-ne],  Italian 

physician,  VII.  585.  See  Animal  Electei- 
city,  and  Galvanism,  VII.  585,  2  c. 

Galvanism,  VII.  585.  Identity  of  with  fric¬ 
tional  electricity,  586,  1  b ;  599,  1  c.  Deflec¬ 
tion  by  it  of  the  magnetic  needle  discovered, 

586,  1  be.  Illustrative  experiments,  1  c  (ill.). 
Simple  galvanic  or  voltaic  couple  or  element, 

587,  1  ab.  Protection  of  iron  and  copper 
from  corrosion,  1  c.  Electromotive  force, 
2  a.  Theory  of  the  production  of  the  gal¬ 
vanic  current,  2  c. — Voltaic  batteries,  588, 
1  c,  ff.  (ills.). — Electricity  by  mutual  action 
of  solutions,  591,  2  b  (ill.).  Becquerel’s  oxy¬ 
gen  circuit,  2  c  (ill.,  592). — Dry  piles,  592, 
1  b.  Bohnenberger’s  electroscope,  2  a  (ill.). — 
Galvanometers,  2  b  (ills.). — Resistance  to 
current,  593,  1  c.  Ohm’s  law,  2  a.  Internal 
or  essential  resistance,  2  ab;  external  or 
non-essential,  2  b.  Coupling  for  intensity 
and  for  quantity,  594,  1  b  (ills.).  Tangent 
galvanometer,  2  a  (ill.) ;  sine,  2  c  (ill.).  Thom¬ 
son’s  mirror  galvanometer,  595,  2  a  (ill.). 
Wheatstone’s  rheostat,  1  c  (ills.,  595,  596). 
Best  conductors,  596,  1  c. — Electrolysis,  2  c. 
Voltameter,  ib.  (ill.,  597).  Anode  and  cathode 
of  a  battery,  597,  2  a;  ions  (anion  and  ca¬ 
tion)  of  the  electrolyte,  ib.  Electrolysis  of 
ternary  salts,  2  be  (ill.).  Polarization  of 
electrodes,  598,  2  b  (ills.).  Grove’s  gas  bat¬ 
tery,  2  c  (ill.,  599).  Clausius’s  molecular 
theory  of  electrolysis,  599,  1  b. — Electrical 
potential,  2  b. — Galvanoplasty,  or  electro¬ 
metallurgy,  2  c.  Electroplating  and  gild¬ 
ing,  600,  1  a  (ills.).  Electrotyping,  601,  1  c. 

Galvanization ,  medical,  XI.  335,  1  a. 

Galvanized  Ieon,  VII.  601. 

Galvanocausty ,  in  medicine,  XI.  334,  2  c. 

Galvanometers :  see  Galvanism,  VII.  592,  2  b, 
594,  2  a;  Animal  Electeicity,  I.  518,  2  c, 
519,  2  be. 

Galvanoplasty :  see  Galvanism,  VII.  599,  2  c. 

Gal'veston,  county  of  Texas,  VII.  602.  City, 
1  c. 

Galvez,  Bernardo,  count  de  [gal'-vaith],  Span¬ 
ish  soldier  and  statesman,  VII.  603. 

Galway  [gawl'-wa],  county  of  Ireland,  VII. 
603.  Town,  604,  1  ab. 

Gama ,  Estevan  and  Cristoforo  da  [da  ga'-ma], 
sons  of  Vasco  da  Gama,  I.  46,  1  a. 

Gama,  Joze  Basilio  da,  Brazilian  poet,  VII.  604. 

Gama,  Vasco  da,  Portuguese  navigator,  VII. 


604.  Ilis  first  landing  in  India,  605,  1  a; 
compare  XI.  48,  1  a.  Referred  to,  I.  170, 
2b;  II.  483,  2  c. 

Gamaliel,  Jewish  doctor  of  law,  VII.  605. 
Gambet ,  bird,  XV.  583,  1  be. 

Gambetta,  Leon  [gang-bet-ta],  French  states¬ 
man,  VII.  605.  His  escape  from  Paris  in  a 
balloon,  I.  149,  1  be. 

Gambetta  flavipes  (ornithology),  XVI.  780,  1  c. 

G.  melanoleuca,  XV.  583,  2  a  (ill.). 

Gambia,  British  colony  in  W.  Africa,  VII.  606. 
Gambia,  river,  VII.  606;  I.  166,  2  a. 

Gambiee  [gam-beer'],  village  of  Ohio,  VII.  606. 
Kenyon  college,  2  b. 

Gam'biee,  James,  baron,  British  admiral,  VII. 
606. 

Gambier  plant :  see  Gambie,  and  II.  645,  1  c. 
Gambier  theological  seminary ,  its  founder,  IV. 
326,  2  b. 

Gambie  [gam'-beer],  vegetable  extract,  VII. 

607 ;  IV.  105,  2  c.  Tree,  VII.  607,  1  be. 
Gambling :  see  Gaming,  VII.  608,  2  c. 
Gamboge',  gum  resin,  VII.  607.  Gamboge 
tree,  2  a  (ill.). 

Gambogic  acid ,  VII.  608,  1  ab. 

Game  cock,  IV.  782,  1  a  (ill.). 

Game  Laws,  VII.  608. 

Gaming,  in  law,  VII.  608. 

Gamis'ida  (epizoa),  VI.  695,  2  a. 

Gammari'nce,  minute  crustaceans,  XIV.  569,  2  a. 
Gammkll,  William,  American  author,  VII.  609. 
Gamp' sonyx  (ornithology),  mentioned,  X.  19, 
2  c. 

Gam'ut ,  in  music,  XII.  76,  1  be.  Origin  of 
the  name,  77,  1  a. 

Ganapatyas ,  Brahman  sect,  IX.  230,  1  b. 
Gandastogues ,  Indians  :  see  Conestogas. 

Gand  [gang] :  see  Ghent. 

Gando,  kingdom  of  Africa,  VII.  609.  Town,  1  c. 
Ganega  [ga-na'-sa],  modern  Brahman  divinity, 
IX.  230,  1  b. 

Gan  Eden :  see  Eden. 

Gangd:  see  Ganges.  Goddess,  IX.  230,  1  c. 
Ganganelli ,  Giovanni  Vincenzo  Antonio  (Pope 
Clement  XIV.),  IV.  663,  2  be. 

Ganges,  river  of  India,  VII.  609.  Source,  1  c 
(ill.,  610).  Delta,  610,  2  a.  Affluents,  611, 

1  a.  Ganges  canal,  1  ab;  XII.  501,  1  b. 
Plain  of  the  Ganges,  IX.  200,  2  c. 

Gangetic  crocodile,  VII.  651, 1  be  (ill.)  ;  610,  2  c. 
Gan'glion,  in  anatomy,  VII.  611;  in  surgery, 

2  be.  See  Neevous  System,  XII.  234, 1  a,  ff. ; 
238,  1  c.  Sensory,  emotional,  or  instinctive 
ganglia,  XV.  604,  2  a. 


336 


GANGRENE 


GARRICK 


Gan'grene,  VII.  612. 

Oangue  [gang],  in  metallurgy,  XI.  421,  2  c. 

Ganister :  see  Steel,  XY.  359,  2  b. 

Ganjam',  town  of  India,  VII.  612. 

Gannal,  Jean  Nicolas,  French  chemist,  YII.  612. 

Gannet,  bird,  YII.  613  (ill.). 

Gannett,  Ezra  Stiles,  American  clergyman, 
YII.  613. 

Ganniagwari ,  Mohawk  Indians,  I.  188,  1  b. 

Ga'noids,  order  of  fishes,  YII.  613.  Fossil 
ganoids,  614,  1  b  (ills.,  615,  616).  See  Com¬ 
parative  Anatomy,  Y.  183,  2  be ;  Gar 
Fish;  and  X.  359,  1  be. 

Gans,  Eduard  [gance],  German  jurist,  YII.  617. 

Gansevoort,  Peter  [gan'-ze-vort],  American 
soldier,  YII.  617. 

Gansfort  [gance'-fort] :  see  Wessel,  John. 

Gan'ymede,  in  mythology,  YII.  617. 

Gap  [gap],  town  of  France,  YII.  617. 

Gap  Civil ,  county  seat,  I.  325,  1  a. 

Gapes ,  the ,  disease  of  fowls,  XIII.  384,  2  b. 

Garakonthie,  Daniel,  Onondaga  chief,  YII.  617. 

Garaman'tes ,  land  of  the :  see  Fezzan. 

Garancine  [gar'-an-seen],  dyeing  material,  YI. 
343,  2  b. 

Garangan ,  species  of  ichneumon,  IX.  157,  2  c. 

Garapori :  see  Elephanta. 

Garat,  Dominique  Joseph  [g8-ra],  French  wri¬ 
ter  and  politician,  YII.  617. 

Garay,  Janos  [gor'-aw-e],  Hungarian  poet,  YII. 
617. 

Gar'cia,  Manuel  de  Populo  Yicente  (Sp.  Gar¬ 
cia,  gar-the'-a),  Spanish  composer,  YII.  618. 
Manuel,  musician  and  instructor,  1  b. 

Garcia  III.,  king  of  Navarre,  YII.  135,  1  c. 

Garcilaso  de  la  Yega  [gar-the-la'-so  da  la  va'- 
ga],  Spanish  poet,  YII.  618 ;  XY.  220,  2  b. 
Sebastian,  soldier,  YII.  618,  2  b.  The  Inca, 
historian,  2  c. 

Garcin  de  Tassy,  Joseph  Ileliodore  [gar-sang 
duh  tas-se],  French  orientalist,  YII.  619. 

Garcinia  (botany),  XI.  105, 1  c.  G.  mangostana, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Gard  [gar],  department  of  France,  YII.  619. 
Mines  of,  411,  2  b. 

Gard,  Pont  du  [pong  du  gar] :  see  Aqueduct, 
I.  613,  1  b  (ill.). 

Garda,  Lake,  Italy,  YII.  619. 

Gardaia  [gar-di'-a],  town  of  Algeria,  YII.  619. 

Garden  :  see  Horticulture. 

Garden,  Alexander,  British  physician  and 
naturalist,  YII.  619  ;  IX.  570,  1  ab. 

Garden,  Alexander,  American  officer,  YII. 

619. 


Garde' nia  (botany),  IX.  570,  1  a  (ill.).  G. 
florida  and  G.  radicans,  1  be,  c. 

Gardiner,  city  of  Maine,  YII.  620. 

Gardiner,  James,  Scottish  soldier,  YII.  620. 

Gardiner,  Stephen,  English  prelate,  YII.  620. 

Gardiner,  Sylvester,  American  physician,  YII. 
620.  John,  advocate,  2  b.  John  Sylvester 
John,  clergyman,  621,  1  a. 

Gardo'ni,  Italo,  Italian  vocalist,  YII.  621. 

Gar  Fish,  YII.  621  (ill.,  622). 

Gargano,  Monte  [gar-ga'-no] :  see  Apennines, 
I.  582,  2  a. 

Gargantua  and  Pantagruel ,  work  by  Rabelais, 
XI Y.  160,  2  b. 

Garganus  Mons :  see  Gargano. 

Gargare'ans,  fabulous  people,  I.  380,  2  c. 

Garget ,  plant,  XIII.  641,  1  b,  c. 

Gargulho  [gar-goo'-lyo],  deposit  of  diamonds, 
YI.  74,  1  a. 

Garibaldi,  Giuseppe  [ga-re-bal'-de],  Italian 
patriot,  YII.  622.  See  Italy,  IX.  452,  2  c ; 
453,  1  c,  ff.  Menotti,  YII.  624,  1  c.  Ric- 
ciotti,  2  a. 

Garisenda,  leaning  tower  of  Bologna,  III.  18, 
1  a  (ill.)  ;  661,  2  b. 

Garland,  county :  see  Hot  Springs. 

Garland,  amnesty  case  of,  I.  431,  2  c. 

Garlic,  plant,  YII.  624.  Garden  garlic,  625, 1  a. 

Garneau,  Francois  Xavier  [gar-no],  Canadian 
historian,  YII.  625. 

Garnet,  mineral,  YII.  625. 

Garnet  schist,  XI.  491,  2  be  (Mica  Slate). 

Garnier,  Adolphe  [gar-nya],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  YII.  625. 

Garnier,  Charles  Georges  Thomas,  French 
author,  YII.  625. 

Garnier,  Jean  Louis  Charles,  French  archb 
tect,  YII.  626. 

Garnier  -  Pagiss,  Louis  Antoine  [-pa-zha], 
French  politician,  YII.  626. 

Garnishee,  in  law,  II.  91,  1  a;  XYI.  17,  1  c. 

Garnishment,  proceeding  in,  XYI.  17,  1  c. 

Garo  hills :  see  Garrow  Hills. 

Garonne  [ga-run],  river  of  France,  YII.  626. 

Garonne,  Haute :  see  Haute-Garonne. 

Gar  pile:  see  Gar  Fish. 

Garrard,  county,  YII.  626. 

Garrett,  county,  YII.  626. 

Garrett,  Elizabeth,  English  physician,  YII. 
626.  Millicent :  see  Fawcett,  YII.  99,  2  b. 

Garrettson,  Freeborn,  American  clergyman, 
YII.  627. 

Garrhial:  see  Gavial. 

Garrick,  David,  English  actor,  YII.  627. 


GARRISON 


GASTRULA 


337 


Garrison,  William  Lloyd,  American  abolition¬ 
ist,  VI I.  628. 

Garrote',  mode  of  execution,  YII.  630. 
Oarrotteurs  [gar-rut-tuhr] :  see  Chauffeurs. 
Garrow  Hills,  district  of  India,  YII.  631. 
Garrulus  glandarius  (ornithology),  IX.  580, 1  a. 
Garter ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  be. 

Garter,  Order  of  the,  YII.  631.  Habit  and 
insignia,  2  c  (ill.). 

Garth,  Sir  Samuel,  English  physician  and  poet, 
YII.  632. 

Gartner,  Joseph  [gairt'-ner],  German  botanist, 
YII.  632.  His  classification  of  plants,  2  a. 
Garum ,  anchovy  sauce,  I.  467,  2  b. 

Garumna ,  river :  see  Garonne. 

Garve,  Christian  [gar'-vSh],  German  philoso¬ 
pher,  VII.  632. 

Garvie ,  fish,  XY.  287,  1  b. 

Garzetta  (ornithology),  VIII.  690,  2  a. 

Gas,  YII.  632.  Management  of  gases,  2  c  (ills., 
633).  Diffusion  of  gases,  633,  2  c.  Graham’s 
diffusiometer,  634,  1  c  (ill.).  Atmolysis,  or 
the  separation  of  gases  by  diffusion,  2b;  at- 
molyser,  ib.  (ill.). — Illuminating  gas,  635, 1  a. 
Coal  gas,  1  b.  Effect  of  temperature  upon 
the  products  of  distillation,  2  c.  Processes 
of  manufacture,  636,  2  a ;  plan  of  gas  works, 

1  be  (ill.).  Bunsen’s  photometer,  638,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Effect  of  the  form  of  burner,  1  c. 
Amount  produced  from  a  ton  of  coal,  2  ab. 
Gas  meter,  2  b  (ill.) ;  Bogardus’s,  639,  1  a. 
Wood  gas,  1  b.  Peat  gas,  2  ab.  Resin  gas, 

2  b.  Petroleum  gas,  ib.  Oil  gas,  640,  1  a. 
Water  gas,  1  b. — Inventor  of  the  name,  YIII. 
624,  2  b ;  IY.  359,  2  a.  Gas  sylvestre, 
pingue,  siccum,  fulginosum,  YIII.  624,  2  b. 
Law  of  water  taking  up  condensed  gas, 
666,  1  b.  Expansive  force  and  tension  of, 
XIII.  628,  1  c.  Use  of  in  lighthouses,  X. 
454,  2  c.  Laughing  gas,  XII.  468,  1  c.  Ex¬ 
pansion  and  contraction  of  gases,  YII.  653, 
1  c;  XIII.  628, 1  a.  Combining  volumes,  Gay- 
Lussac’s  law  of,  ib .,  and  IY.  366,  1  be.  Gases 
and  vapors,  radiating  and  absorbing  power 
of,  YIII.  571,  1  c. 

Gas  battery,  Grove’s,  YII.  598,  2  c  (ill.,  599). 
Gas  carbon ,  III.  770,  1  a,  2  ab. 

Gas  check ,  in  Chassepot  rifle,  XIY.  331,  2  be. 
Gascogne  [gas-kony’] :  see  Gascony. 

Gascoigne  [gas-koin'J,  astronomer :  see  Gas- 
coygne,  William. 

Gascoigne,  George,  English  poet,  YII.  640. 
Gasconade',  county,  VII.  640. 

Gascon  dialect,  XIY.  39,  2  be. 

22 


Gascony,  old  province  of  France,  YII.  641. 
Gascoygne,  William,  inventor  of  the  microme¬ 
ter,  YII.  641  ;  XI.  511,  1  a ;  XV.  624,  2  ab. 
Gas-holder ,  YII.  633,  1  ab  (ills.). 

Gash  veins ,  X.  252,  2  be;  XI.  578,  1  b  (ills.). 
Gaskell,  Elizabeth  Cleghorn,  English  author¬ 
ess,  YII.  641. 

Gas  lights ,  introduction  of  in  London,  I.  61, 1  a. 
Gas'olene,  from  petroleum,  XIII.  371,  1  c. 
Gasparin,  Adrien  Etienne  Pierre,  count  de 
[gas-pa-rang],  French  statesman  and  agricul¬ 
turist,  YII.  641.  Agenor  Etienne,  count  de, 
publicist,  2  b.  Valerie  Boissier,  countess  de, 
authoress,  642,  1  b. 

Gaspe  [gas-pa'],  county  of  Canada,  YII.  642. 

Town,  1  c.  Bay  and  peninsula,  XIY.  134, 2  a. 
Gaspereau  [gas-per-o'],  fish :  see  Alewife. 
Gaspe'  sians,  tribe  of  Indians,  YII.  642,  1  be. 
Gas  retort,  YII.  636,  2  a;  IX.  813,  1  a. 

Gass,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Heinrich  Joachim 
[gas],  German  theologian,  YII.  642. 
Gassendi,  Pierre  [gas-sang-de],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  YII.  642. 

Gastein  [gast'-ine],  valley  of  Austria,  YII.  643. 

Villages,  1  be.  Springs,  1  c. 

Gastein  convention,  YII.  643,  2  a,  758,  1  b ; 

XIY.  56,  1  b,  677,  2  a;  XYI.  632,  2  b. 
Gasteromyce'tes,  order  of  fungi,  YII.  533,  1  c. 
Gasteroph'ilus  (entomology),  YI.  130,  1  be. 
G.  equi,  III.  141  (ill.). 

Gasterop'oda,  class  of  mollusks,  YII.  643  ;  XI. 
722,  2  b.  Divisions  of  monoecious  gastero- 
pods,  2  c ;  of  dioecious,  723,  1  ab. 

Gasteros' tens  (ichthyology),  XY.  384,  1  b.  G. 
aculeatus,  2  a.  G.  biaculeatus,  2  ab  (ill.). 
G.  spinachia,  ib.  G.  quadracus,  2  b. 

Gaston,  county,  YII.  643. 

Gaston,  William,  American  jurist,  YII.  644. 
Gaston  de  Foix  [gas-t5ng  dub  fwa],  duke  of 
Nemours,  French  general,  YII.  644. 

Gastrce'a  theory ,  Haeckel’s,  YIII.  373,  1  ab. 
Gastralgia,  XII.  257,  2  b ;  XY.  398,  1  a. 
Gastric  fever ,  XY.  397,  1  ab. 

Gastric  follicles,  degeneration  of,  XY.  397,  2  c. 
Gastric  Juice  :  see  Digestion,  and  I.  318, 1  c. 
Its  antiseptic  properties,  IY.  349,  2  c.  First 
obtained  in  the  human  subject,  II.  430,  2  be. 
Gastric  tubules,  XY.  396,  1  b  (ill.). 

Gastritis,  inflammation  of  the  stomach,  XV. 
396,  2  c. 

Gastrop'acha  Americana  (entomology),  referred 
to,  XI.  869,  1  b. 

Gastru'la:  see  Sponge,  XY.  2S2,  1  c. 

Gastrula  stage  (of  development),  YIII.  373, 1  b. 


338 


GATAKER 


GEARY 


Gat'aker,  Thomas,  English  ecclesiastic,  VII. 
644. 

Gatchina  [gat-che'-na],  town  of  Russia,  VII. 
644. 

Gate ,  derivation  of  the  word,  VII.  789,  1  c. 
Gates,  county,  VII.  644. 

Gates,  Horatio,  American  soldier,  VII.  644. 
Gateshead,  borough  of  England,  VII.  645. 
Gates  of  the  Rocky  mountains ,  XI.  674,  1  ab. 
Gatesville ,  county  seats,  V.  389,  2  c ;  VII.  644, 
2  c. 

Gath,  city  of  Philistia,  VII.  645. 

Gati  [ga'-te],  in  Buddhism,  III.  396,  2  ab ;  397, 

1  c. 

Gatling,  Richard  Jordan,  American  inventor, 
VII.  645. 

Gatling  gun  (mitrailleuse),  I.  797,  1  a  (ill.) ; 

III.  713,  1  a;  VII.  645,  2  a. 

Gauchos  [gaw'-clioce],  S.  American  horsemen, 
VII.  645  (ill.,  646) ;  I.  687,  1  c,  693,  2  b. 

G  auden,  John,  English  prelate,  VII.  646. 

Supposed  author  of  Icon  Basililce ,  2  a. 
Gaudentius ,  father  of  Aetius,  I.  155,  1  b. 
Gaudichaud-Beaupre,  Charles  [go-de-sho-bo- 
pra],  French  botanist,  VII.  646. 

Gauge  [gaje],  of  railroads,  XIV.  171,  2  c;  173, 

2  c.  Broad,  174,  1  a;  narrow,  183,  2  be. 
Gauging,  of  receptacles,  VII.  646. 

Gaul,  two  divisions  of  the  Roman  empire, 
VII.  647.  Cisalpine,  1  a.  Transalpine,  2  c. 
See  France,  378,  2  b. 

Gaulani'tis ,  territory  of  Palestine,  II.  359,  2  b. 
Gauley  river ,  West  Virginia,  VIII.  183,  1  be. 
Gauls,  Celtic  race,  IV.  176,  2  c  ;  VII.  647,  1  b. 
In  Italy,  1  c ;  in  France,  648,  1  c ;  in  Asia 
Minor,  557,  2  b. 

Gaulthe'ria  procum'bens  (botany),  XVI.  674, 
1  b  (ill.).  G.  shallon,  2  ab. 

Gaume,  Jean  Joseph  [gome],  French  author, 
VII.  649. 

Gaur  [gowr] :  see  Gour. 

Gauss,  Karl  Friedrich  [gowce],  German  mathe¬ 
matician,  VII.  649.  His  investigations  in 
magnetism,  2  ab;  XI.  8,  2  c. 

Gau'tama  [Hindoo,  gow'-ta-ma] :  see  Bud¬ 
dhism,  III.  393,  2  a,  and  IX.  227,  2  c. 

Gauth,  Bertrand  Garcias  de  [gote],  (Pope 
Clement  V.),  IV.  661,  1  b. 

Gautier,  Jean  Frangois  Eugene  [go-tya],  French 
composer,  VII.  649. 

Gautier,  Th6ophile,  author,  VII.  649.  Refer¬ 
ence  to,  III.  29,  2  c. 

Gavarni  (pseudonyme),  French  caricaturist, 
VII.  650. 


Gavazzi,  Alessandro  [ga-vat'-se],  Italian  preach- 
er  and  reformer,  VII.  650. 

Gav'elkind,  in  English  law,  VII.  650;  IX. 
794,  2  a;  XIII.  835,  2  c. 

Gav'eston ,  Piers  de ,  favorite  of  Edward  II.,  VI, 
434,  2  ab. 

Ga'vial,  crocodilian  reptile, VII.  650  (ill.);  610, 
2  c;  II.  525,  1  a;  XV.  64,  1  c. 

Gavia'lis  (zoology),  VII.  650,  2  be.  G.  Ganged- 
cus,  651,  1  be  (ill.). 

Gavre ,  prince  of  [gavr’],  VI.  452,  2  b  (Egmont). 

Gay,  Claude,  French  traveller  and  naturalist, 
VII.  651. 

Gay,  Delphine :  see  Girardin,  VII.  823,  2  a. 

Gay,  Ebenezer,  American  clergyman,  VII.  651. 

Gay,  John,  English  poet,  VII.  651. 

Gay,  Marie  Frangoise  Sophie,  French  novelist, 
VII.  652. 

Gaya  [ga'-ya],  town  of  India,  VII.  652. 

Gayangos,  Pascual  de  [ga-yang'-goce],  Spanish 
orientalist,  VII.  652. 

Gayarre,  Charles  [glil-ar-ra'],  American  histo¬ 
rian,  VII.  652. 

Gay-Lussao,  Joseph  Louis  [ga-liis-sak],  French 
chemist,  VII.  653.  His  balloon  ascensions, 
1  b;  I.  147,  1  a.  His  discovery  of  the  law 
of  combining  volumes  of  gases,  IV.  366,  1 
be.  His  investigations  in  organic  chemistry, 

1  c;.  367,  1  a. 

Gaylussacia  (botany),  XVI.  612,  2  be.  G. 
resinosa,  613, 1  a  (ill.).  G.  dumosa,  1  c.  G. 
frondosa,  ib.  (ill.). 

Gayoso ,  county  seat,  XIII.  243,  1  a. 

Ga'za,  town  of  Syria,  VII.  653  (view,  654). 
Ancient  city,  2  c.  Its  capture  by  Alexan¬ 
der,  654,  1  a;  I.  276,  2  a.  City  of  Media, 
VII.  654,  1  c. 

Gaza,  Theodore,  learned  Greek,  VII.  654. 

Gaz'aca :  see  Gaza,  VII.  654,  1  c. 

Gazel',  oriental  lyric  poem,  VII.  654. 

Gazella  dorcas  (zoology),  VII.  654,  2  c  (ill.). 
G.  kevella,  655,  1  b  (ill.).  G.  Soemmeringii, 

2  a  (ill.). 

Gazelle,  variety  of  antelope,  VII.  654.  Com¬ 
mon  gazelle,  2  c  (ill.,  655).  Kevel,  655,  1  b 
(ill.).  Sommering’s  gazelle,  2  a  (ill.). 

u  Gazette  f  the ,  first  newspaper  in  Hew  York, 
I.  138,  1  c;  III.  180,  2  ab. 

Gaz'olites  (mineralogy),  XI.  590,  1  be. 

Gazzetta  [gat-set'-ta],  ancient  Venetian  news¬ 
paper,  I.  137,  2  c;  XII.  338,  1  a. 

Ge ,  in  Greek  mythology,  XV.  660,  2  b. 

Gean  [  jeen],  fruit  of  wild  cherry,  IV.  381,  1  a, 

Geary ,  John  W.  [ga'-re  or  ghe'-re],  governor  of 


GEASTER 


GENERATION" 


339 


Kansas,  IX.  754,  2  c.  (General  in  the  civil 
war,  and  governor  of  Pennsylvania  1867-’73). 
Geaster  hygrome'tria  [je-as'-ter],  fungus,  VII. 
533,  2  a  (ill.). 

Geauga  [je-aw'-ga],  county,  VII.  655. 

Gjebelin,  Court  de :  see  Court  de  Gebelin. 
Geber,  Abu  Musa  Jaffar  al-Sofi  [ga'-ber],  Ara¬ 
bian  chemist,  VII.  655.  His  alchemical  views, 
I.  260,  2  c;  discoveries  in  chemistry,  ib .,  ff. 
See  Chemistry,  IV.  358,  1  a. 

Gebweiler  [ghep'-vl-ler],  town  of  Alsace,  VII. 
655. 

Gecar'cinus ,  land  crab,  V.  450,  2  b. 

Geci'nus  xir'idis  (ornithology),  XVI.  710,  2  ab. 
Gecko  [ghek'-ko],  family  of  lizards,  VII.  656 
(ills.,  657). 

Ged,  William  [ghed],  inventor  of  stereotyping, 
VII.  657.  See  Printing,  XIII.  850,  1  be. 
Geddes,  Alexander  [ghed'-dess],  Scottish  eccle¬ 
siastic,  VII.  657.  His  translation  of  the 
Bible,  2  c. 

Gedemin ,  prince  of  Lithuania,  X.  530,  2  b. 
Geefs,  Guillaume  [gaifs],  Belgian  sculptor,  VII. 

658.  Joseph  and  Aloys,  1  b. 

Geelong  [ghe-long'],  city  of  Australia,  VII.  658. 
Geer,  Karl  de,  baron  [deh  yair],  Swedish  natu¬ 
ralist,  VII.  658.  His  classification  of  insects, 

VI.  659,  1  c. 

Geerts,  Charles  Henri  [gairts],  Belgian  sculp¬ 
tor  and  wood  carver,  VII.  658. 
Geestermunde  [gais'-ter-mun-deh],  seaport  of 
Prussia,  VII.  658. 

Geez  [gheez] :  see  Ethiopia,  Language  and 
Literature  of,  and  I.  49,  1  c,  171,  1  a. 
Geffrard,  Fabre  [zhef-frar],  president  of  Hayti, 

VII.  658 ;  VIII.  553,  1  a. 

Gefle  [yev'-la],  seaport  of  Sweden,  VII.  659. 
Geg  dialect ,  Albania,  allusion  to,  I.  245,  1  a. 
Gegen  khutuktu  [ga'-ghen  koo-took-too'],  chief 
lama  of  Mongolia,  X.  116,  2  c. 

Gehenna  [ghe-hen'-na],  VII.  659.  See  TopnET. 
Geibel,  Emanuel  [ghi'-bel],  German  poet,  VII. 

659. 

Geig ,  musical  instrument,  XVI.  366,  2  c. 
Geiger,  Abraham  [ghi'-gher],  German  rabbi, 
orientalist,  and  Biblical  critic,  VII.  659. 
Geijer,  Eric  Gustaf  [yi'-er],  Swedish  historian 
and  poet,  VII.  659. 

Geisler's  mercurial  air  pump  [ghice'-lers],  I. 
220,  2  c  (ill.,  221). 

Gela  [je'-la],  ancient  city  of  Sicily,  VII.  660. 
Gelas'imus  vo'cans  (zoology),  V.  450,  1  a  (ill.). 
Gelatine  [jeP-a-tin],  VII.  660.  See  Glue,  and 
Isinglass. 


Gelderland  [ghel'-der-land],  province  of  Hol¬ 
land,  VII.  661. 

Geldern,  town  of  Prussia,  VII.  661. 

Gelechia  cerealella  [je-le'-ke-a],  (entomology), 
XVI.  589,  1  c. 

Gelid’ium  (botany),  edible  birds’  nests  said  to 
be  formed  from,  I.  299,  2  c. 

GeVimer ,  Vandal  king  of  Africa,  IX.  727,  2  c. 

Gell,  Sir  William  [jel],  English  scholar,  VII.  661. 

Gellert,  Christian  Flirchtegott  [ghel'-lert], 
German  poet  and  moralist,  VII.  661. 

Gel'lius,  Aulus,  Roman  grammarian,  VII.  661. 

Gelon,  Syracusan  ruler,  VII.  662. 

Gelsemium  sempervirens  (botany),  IX.  570,  2  a. 

Gem,  VII.  662.  Gem  engraving,  663,  1  a;  ap¬ 
paratus  for,  664,  1  b.  Artificial  gems,  2  b. 

Gemappe :  see  Jemmapes. 

Gemara  [gliSh-ma-ra'] :  see  Hebrews,  VIII. 
595,  1  b;  Mishnah,  XI.  635,  1  a;  Talmud, 
XV.  560,  2  a. 

Gematria ,  cabalistic  art,  III.  521,  2  c. 

Gemini  [jem'-e-ne],  constellation,  VII.  665. 

Gemis'tus,  George,  Byzantine  scholar  and  phi¬ 
losopher,  VII.  665. 

Gems  [ghemce] :  see  Chamois. 

Gemsbolc ,  antelope,  I.  545,  2  a. 

Gemul)  species  of  deer,  V.  758,  2  a. 

Gemunder,  George  [gheh-mim'-der],  American 
violin  maker,  VII.  665. 

Gen’abum ,  ancient  city,  XII.  697, 1  c  (Orleans). 

Genahoa ,  African  tribe,  VIII.  312,  2  c. 

Gendrin,  Auguste  Nicolas  [zhang-drang],  French 
physician,  VII.  666.  His  theory  of  the  death 
of  the  prince  of  Conde,  1  c. 

Gendron,  Auguste  [zhang-drong],  French  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  666. 

Genelli,  Bonaventura  [ja-nel'-le],  German 
painter,  VII.  666.  Hans  Christian,  writer 
and  artist,  2  a.  Camillo,  painter,  2  ab.  Ga¬ 
briele,  actress,  ib. 

General  admiral ,  Russian  title,  I.  124,  2  a. 

General  assembly ,  Presbyterian,  XIII.  809, 1  be. 

General  average ,  in  law  :  see  Average. 

General  Baptists ,  in  England,  II.  292,  2  c;  in 
the  United  States,  293,  2  b. 

General  congress ,  first  proposal  for  a,  VIII. 
663,  2  c. 

General  court ,  official  name  of  the  Massachu¬ 
setts  legislature,  IX.  835, 1  a,  &c. 

Gen. Marion' s  weed  (Indian  hemp),  IX.  244, 1  ab. 

General  Provisioners  (Freewill  Baptists),  VII. 
473,  2  a. 

Generation :  see  Embryology,  VI.  560,  1  c,  ff. 
Spontaneous,  2  a;  I.  514,  1  b;  II.  208, 


340 


GENERATIVE 


GEOLOGY 


1  ab :  see  Spontaneous  Generation.  Elec¬ 
tro-chemical,  supposed  case  of :  see  Crosse, 
V.  515,  2  a. 

Generative  faculty ,  period  of  the,  XII.  568,  2  c. 
Generelli  [ja-na-rel'-le],  geologist,  his  views  of 
the  fossiliferous  strata,  VII.  688,  1  c. 
Genesareth :  see  Gennesaret. 

Genesee',  river  of  New  York,  VII.  666. 
Genesee,  two  counties,  VII.  666. 

Genese'o ,  county  seat,  X.  545,  1  a. 

Gen'esis,  first  book  in  the  Bible,  VII.  667. 
See  Pentateuch. 

Genest,  Edmond  Charles  [zhuh-na],  French 
diplomatist,  VII.  667 ;  IX.  593,  2  a. 

Gen'et,  animal,  VII.  667.  Common,  2  c  (ill.); 
pale,  668,  1  b  (ill.). 

Genet  [zhuh-na  or  j e-net'] :  see  Genest. 
Genetta  (zoology),  VII.  667,  2  be.  G.  vulgaris, 
668, 1  a  (ill.,  667).  G.  Senegalensis,  1  b  (ill.). 
Gene'va,  county,  VII.  668. 

Geneva,  village  of  New  York,  VII.  668.  Ge¬ 
neva  college  (Hobart  Free  college),  2  a. 
Geneva ,  county  seats,  VII.  668, 1  c ;  IX.  742, 1  a. 
Geneva,  canton  of  Switzerland,  VII.  668. 
City,  669,  1  ab  (view).  Distinguished  resi¬ 
dents  of,  670,  1  ab.  History,  1  b. 

Geneva ,  alcoholic  liquor:  see  Gin. 

Geneva,  Lake  of,  VII.  670. 

Geneva  convention  of  1864,  VII.  670,  2  b. 
Geneve  [zliuh-naiv] :  see  Geneva,  Switzerland. 
Genevieve,  Saint  [Fr.  zhun-vyaiv],  of  Paris, 
VII.  671.  See  Pantheon.  Of  Brabant,  2  a. 
Genf  [ghenf] :  see  Geneva,  Switzerland. 
Genghis  Khan  [jen'-ghis],  conqueror,  VII.  671. 
Genii :  see  Jinns  (Index). 

Genista  tinctoria  (botany),  XVI.  711,  2  c  (ill.). 
Genlis,  Felicite  Stephanie  Ducrest  de  Saint- 
Aubin,  countess  de  [zhang-leece],  French  au¬ 
thoress,  VII.  672. 

Gennesaret,  Lake  of  [ghen-nes'-a-ret],  VII. 
673  (view). 

Genoa  [jen'-o-a],  province  of  Italy,  VII.  673. 
City,  674,  1  c.  Palazzo  Doria,  675,  1  ab 
(ill.,  674).  Cathedral  of  San  Lorenzo,  1  be. 
Villa  Pallavicini,  2  a.  History,  2  c. 

Genoa  [je-no'-a],  county  seat,  VI.  222,  2  b. 
Genoa,  Tommaso  Alberto  Vittore,  duke  of, 
prince  and  naval  officer,  VII.  677. 

Genoud  [zliuh-noo] :  see  Genoude. 

Genoude,  Antoine  Eugene  de  [zhuh-nood], 
French  journalist  and  author,  VII.  677. 
Genouilleres  [zhuh-noo-yair],  in  armor,  I.  732, 

2  c. 

Genovesi,  Antonio  [ja-no-va'-ze],  Italian  philos¬ 


opher  and  political  economist,  VII.  678. 
See  Political  Economy,  XIII.  678,  2  b. 

Genre  [zhang-ruh],  in  painting,  XII.  801,  1  c. 

Gens ,  in  ancient  Rome,  XIII.  167,  2  c. 

Gens  des  Foux  [zhang  da  foo],  Alaska  Indians, 
IX.  787,  2  c. 

Gens  de  Large  [dull  larzh],  IX.  788,  1  a. 

Gen'serio,  Vandal  conqueror,  VII.  678,  Sack 
of  Rome  by,  X.  345,  2  c;  league  against, 
350,  1  a. 

Genthite ,  mineral,  XII.  432,  1  b. 

Gentian,  plant  and  medicine,  VII.  679  (ills.). 

Gentiana  lutea  (botany),  VII.  679,  1  a  (ill.). 
G.  Andre wsii,  2  a  (ill.).  Other  species. 

Gentiles,  VII.  679.  Court  of  the  gentiles,  2  c. 

Gentileschi,  Orazio  [jen-te-les'-ke],  Italian 
painter,  VII.  680. 

Gentilis ,  Albericus  (1551-1611),  X.  222,  2  b. 

Gentiopicrine  [jen-slie-o-pik'-rin],  bitter  prin¬ 
ciple  of  gentian,  VII.  679,  1  b. 

Gentleman  George ,  sobriquet,  II.  336,  2  c. 

Gentry,  county,  VII.  680. 

Gentz,  Friedrich  von  [ghents],  German  diplo¬ 
matist  and  publicist,  VII.  680. 

Gen'va ,  ancient  city:  see  Genoa. 

Genus,  in  science,  VII.  680 ;  XIII.  592,  2  c ; 
XV.  233,  2  be,  234,  1  a. 

Ge'ode,  in  mineralogy,  VII.  680;  I.  178,  2  c. 

Geocori'sce  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  1  c. 

Geod'esy,  VII.  681 ;  IV.  757,  2  b. 

Geoffrey  [jef'-fre],  abbot  of  St.  Albans,  miracle 
play  by,  XI.  626,  2  b. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  English  chronicler, 
VII.  681. 

Geoffrey  Plantagenet ,  I.  527,  2  c  ;  XV.  372, 1  a. 

Geoffrin,  Marie  Ther&se  [zhuf-fraDg],  distin¬ 
guished  French  lady,  VII.  681 ;  X.  369,  2  b. 

Geoffroy  [zhuf-frwa],  (Ftienne  Louis,  French 
physician,  1725-1810),  classification  of  in¬ 
sects  by,  VI.  659,  2  c. 

Geoffroy  Saint-Hilaire,  Ltienne  [sang-te-lair], 
French  zoologist,  VII.  681.  His  theory  of 
evolution,  10,  2  a  and  be.  See  Philosoph¬ 
ical  Anatomy,  XIII.  423,  2  a.  —  Isidore, 
zoologist,  VII.  682,  2  b.  His  definition  of  a 
monster,  XI.  764,  2  a. 

Geog'nosy  and  geogeny  [  je-oj'-e-ne] :  see  Geol¬ 
ogy,  VII.  686,  2  c. 

Geography,  VII.  682.  Ancient  geographical 
knowledge,  683,  1  a ;  geographers,  2  ab. 
Modern  discoveries,  684,  2  a,  ff.  Literature 
of  geography,  686,  1  b. 

Geology,  VII.  686.  First  systematic  investi¬ 
gations  of  fossils,  687,  2  ab.  Geological 


GEOMANCY 


GERAMB 


341 


theories  and  observations,  688,  1  ab,  ff. 
Geology  in  the  United  States,  G91,  1  b ; 
geological  surveys  of,  ib .,  and  692,  1  a;  of 
British  America,  2  ab.  Principles  of  classi¬ 
fication,  2  be;  tabular  view  of  geological 
formations,  694;  eozoic  rocks,  695,  1  c; 
palieozoic,  696,  1  b;  mesozoic  or  secondary, 
697,  1  be;  cenozoic  or  tertiary,  2  ab.  Suc¬ 
cession  of  organic  life,  2  c.  Changes  of 
geographical  and  climatic  conditions,  698, 
1  ab.  Distribution  of  metallic  ores,  &c., 
1  c. — Influence  of  deep-sea  dredging  upon 
advance  in  geological  science,  YI.  259,  2  be. 

Ge'omancy :  see  Magio,  X.  846,  2  c. 

Geom'eters ,  caterpillars,  IV.  106,  2  ab  (ill., 
geometra) ;  XI.  870,  1  a. 

Geometrce  (entomology),  III.  703,  1  c;  XI.  870, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Geometrical  loci ,  VII.  701,  1  b. 

Geometrical  pantograph,  engraving  instrument, 

VI.  655,  2  a. 

Geometry,  VII.  698;  XI.  274,  2  a.  Divisions 
of,  VII.  699,  2  c.  History,  700,  2  b.  Text 
books,  702,  2  a.  First  application  of  geome¬ 
try  to  crystalline  forms,  II.  558,  2  a.  “  No 
royal  road  to,”  VI.  769,  2  ab. 

Geomy'nce  (zoology),  VIII.  110,  1  ab. 

Ge'omys  (zoology),  VIII.  110,  1  a.  G.  bursa- 
rius,  2  a  (ill.).  G.  pinetis,  2  c. 

Geonim  [ghe'-o-nim],  Hebrew  scholars,  VIII. 
595,  2  a. 

Geoph'ilus  (entomology),  IV.  203,  2  c. 

uGeopon'ics see  Wine,  XVI.  665,  1  b. 

George  (Lewis)  I.,  king  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  VII.  703. 

George  (Augustus)  II.,  VII.  704. 

George  (William  Frederick)  III.,  VII.  706. 
His  insanity,  708,  1  c,  709,  1  be;  physician 
in  charge  of  him,  XVI.  644,  1  a.  His  oppo¬ 
sition  to  the  naturalization  of  foreigners  in 
the  American  colonies,  XII.  161,  2  b. 

George  (Augustus  Frederick)  IV.,  VII.  709. 
His  suit  for  divorce,  2  c:  see  Caroline 
Amelia  Augusta.  Pages  selected  to  act  at 
his  coronation :  see  Belcher,  Tom. 

George  I.,  king  of  Greece,  VII.  711. 

George  V.,  ex-king  of  Hanover,  VII.  711  ; 

VI.  718,  1  a. 

George,  prince  of  Denmark,  VII.  711. 

George,  patron  saint  of  England,  VII.  711. 
George  of  Cappadocia,  712,  1  c. 

George ,  king  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  preacher, 

VII.  493,  1  ab,  c. 

George,  Enoch,  American  bishop,  VII.  712. 


George,  Lake,  VII.  712.  Origin  of  the  name, 
IX.  669,  1  b. 

George  of  Trebizond,  Greek  scholar,  VII.  713. 
Georges,  Marguerite  Josephine  [zhorzhj, 
French  actress,  VII.  713. 

Georgetown,  county,  VII.  713. 

Georgetown,  port  of  entry  of  the  District  of1 
Columbia,  VII.  713.  Town  of  South  Caro¬ 
lina,  714,  2  b.  Town  of  Kentucky,  2  be. 
Georgetown,  capital  of  British  Guiana,  VII. 
714. 

Georgetown ,  county  seats,  III.  334,  2  c;  IV. 
658,  1  b;  X.  6,  1  b;  XIV.  156,  2  a;  XV. 
494,  1  c;  XVI.  643,  1  b. 

Georgia,  state,  VII.  715.  State  seal,  ib . 
Population,  716,  1  a.  Surface,  2  a.  Coast, 
2  b.  Rivers,  2  c.  Geology,  717,  1  c.  Min¬ 
erals,  2  be.  Natural  curiosities,  2  c.  Cli¬ 
mate,  718,  1  a.  Soil  and  productions,  1  c. 
Agriculture,  2  ab.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Com¬ 
merce,  719,  1  b.  Intercommunication,  2  ab. 
Government,  720,  1  b.  Finances,  721,  2  b. 
Public  institutions,  722,  2  b.  Education, 
2  be.  Religious  organizations,  724,  2  b.  His¬ 
tory,  2  be.  First  settlement  of,  XVI.  152, 
1  a.  Origin  of  the  name,  ib.  Ordinance 
of  secession,  VII.  725,  2  b.  Reconstruc¬ 
tion,  726,  1  b. 

Georgia,  country  of  Asia,  VII.  727.  Georgi¬ 
ans,  1  c  (ill.).  Slave  trade,  2  c.  History, 
728,  1  ab.  Georgian  language,  2  b ;  alpha¬ 
bet,  ib.  (ill.).  Literature,  729,  2  a  (facsimile 
of  writing). 

Georgia,  Gulf  of,  VII.  729. 

Georgia  Augusta ,  university  of  Gottingen, 

VIII.  127,  1  a. 

Georgia  Bark,  shrub,  VII.  729. 

Georgia  Gouperi  (zoology),  V.  114,  2  b. 

Georgia  hamster ,  animal,  VIII.  110,  2  c. 
Georgian  Bay  :  see  Huron,  Lake. 

Georgina :  see  Dahlia,  V.  634,  1  ab. 

Georgium  Sidus,  planet,  XVI.  220,  2  c. 
Geosaurus,  fossil  reptile,  XI.  749,  1  be;  858, 
1  c. 

Geoth’lypis  trichas  [tri'-kas],  (ornithology), 
XVI.  781,  2  a  (ill.). 

Geotru'pidce  (entomology),  referred  to,  II.  477, 

1  c. 

Gep'hle,  Germanic  people,  VII.  730. 

Gera  [ga'-ra],  town  of  Germany,  VII.  730. 
Gerace  [ja-ra'-cha],  site  of  Locri,  X.  570,  1  be. 
Gerah  [g8r'-a],  part  of  a  shekel,  XIV.  841,  2  a. 
Geramb,  Ferdinand  de,  baron  [zhuh-raDg], 
French  Trappist,  VII.  730. 


342 


GLEANED 


GERMANY 


Gerando,  Joseph  Marie  de,  baron  [duh  zha- 
rang-do],  philosopher  and  statesman, YII.  730. 

Gera'nium,  genus  of  plants.  YII.  731.  Spotted 
cranesbill  (G.  maculatum),  1  c  (ill.).  Herb 
Robert  (G.  Robertianum),  2  b  (ill.)*  Other 
species,  732,  1  a. — Popular  name  of  pelar¬ 
gonium,  1  ab.  Rose  geranium,  &c.,  1  c. 
Scarlet  geranium,  2  c  (ill.).  Horseshoe  gera¬ 
nium,  ib.  (ill.,  733).  Pin  grass,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Gerard',  the  Blessed,  YII.  733  ;  XIY.  535,  1  c. 

Gerard  [zha-rar],  French  caricaturist :  see 
Grand  yille. 

Gerard,  Cecile  Jules  Basile,  explorer,  YII.  733. 

Gerard ,  Claude ,  pseudonyme,  XY.  515,  2  be. 

Gerard,  Etienne  Maurice,  count,  marshal, 
YII.  733. 

Gerard,  Francois  Pascal  Simon,  baron,  paint¬ 
er,  YII.  734. 

Gerard  of  Flanders,  mathematician,  I.  302, 1  b. 

Gerard  the  Great:  see  Groot. 

Gerard  de  Neeyal  [zha-rar  duh  nair-val], 
French  author,  YII.  734. 

Gerard  de  Segarelli ,  founder  of  a  sect,  I.  588,  2  c. 

Gerardmer  [zha-rar-mair],  town  of  France, 
YII.  734.  Lake,  2  ab. 

Gerasa  [gher'-a-sa],  ruined  city  of  Palestine, 
YII.  734.  Little  theatre  at  (ill.). 

Gerboa  :  see  Jerboa. 

Geedil,  Hyacinthe  Sigismond  [zhair-deel],  Sa¬ 
voyard  philosopher,  YII.  735. 

Gerdy,  Pierre  Nicolas  [zhair-de],  French  physi¬ 
ologist,  YII.  735. 

Gerfalcon  :  see  Falcon,  YII.  69,  1  b  (ill.). 

Gergesenes  [gur'-ghe-seenz],  country  of  the, 
YII.  550,  1  c. 

Gerhard,  Eduard  [gair'-hart],  German  archae¬ 
ologist,  YII.  735.  "s 

Gerhardt,  Charles  Frederic  [zha-rar],  French 
chemist,  YII.  735.  His  chemical  dogma,  II. 
583, 1  c.  See  Chemistry,  IY.  369,  1  be,  2  ab. 

Gerhardt,  Paul  [gair'-hart],  German  poet  and 
theologian,  YII.  736. 

Gerioault,  Jean  Louis  Theodore  Andre  [zha- 
re-ko],  French  painter,  YII.  736. 

Gerlach,  Otto  von  [fon  gair'-lAh],  German 
theologian,  YII.  736.  Ernst  Ludwig  von, 
journalist  and  politician,  1  c  (died  1877). 

Germain ',  Lord  George :  see  Sackville,  XIY. 
510,  1  c. 

Germain  VAuxerrois  [zhair-mang  lo-sair-wa], 
saint :  see  Germanus. 

German  black ,  X.  132,  1  be. 

German  Catholics,  sect,  YII.  736. 

German  confederation ,  YII.  743,  2  c ;  754, 


2  b ;  760,  1  b.  North  German  confedera¬ 
tion,  744,  1  a ;  758,  2  c ;  760,  1  b. 

Germanen  [gair-ma'-nen],  students’  political 
association,  III.  478,  1  b. 

German  Evangelical  Synod  of  the  West ,  XYI. 
118,  1  ab. 

Germania :  see  Slang,  XY.  87,  1  ab. 
Germanic  Paces  and  Languages,  YII.  737. 
Origin  of  the  Germanic  races,  1  be ;  first 
historical  migration,  2  a ;  ancient  divisions 
and  confederations,  2  c ;  migrations,  738, 

1  b;  existing  German  races,  739,  1  ab,  747, 

2  a.  Boundaries  of  the  modern  German  lan¬ 
guage,  739,  1  b ;  dialects,  2  ab ;  derivation 
of  the  Teutonic  tongues,  2  be  (table);  table 
of  numerals,  740 ;  degree  of  relationship, 
741,  2  a;  Grimm’s  law,  2  b  (table). 

Germanicus  Caesar,  Eoman  general,  YII.  742. 
See  Arminius. 

German  Ivy,  YII.  742  (ill.,  743). 

German  Methodist  church :  see  Evangelical 
Association. 

German  Ocean  :  see  North  Sea. 

German  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America,  XIY.  258,  2  a. 

German  Reichsland  [rikes'-lant] :  see  Alsace- 
Lorraine. 

German  Sappho,  the ,  IX.  770,  1  a. 

German  Seventh-Day  Baptists :  see  Dunkers, 
YI.  316,  2  be. 

German  Silver,  YII.  743 ;  I.  336,  1  c ;  XII. 

432,  2  a ;  XYI.  817,  1  be. 

German  system,  in  fortification,  YII.  329,  2  c ; 
332,  2  a. 

Germantown,  part  of  Philadelphia,  YII.  743. 
Battle  of,  2  a. 

Germanus,  Saint,  YII.  743. 

Germany,  empire  of  Europe,  YII.  743.  (Map.) 
Changes  of  political  organization,  2  c.  Pres¬ 
ent  extent,  744,  1  b.  Topography,  2  ab. 
Coasts,  745,  2  a.  Hydrography,  2  ab.  Cli¬ 
mate,  746,  1  b.  Animals,  1  c.  Minerals, 
2  b.  Soil  and  productions,  2  c.  Inhabit¬ 
ants,  747,  1  be.  Agriculture,  2  c.  Manu¬ 
factures,  748,  1  b.  Commerce,  749,  1  a. 
Currency,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  2  a. 
Political  divisions,  2  c.  Government,  750, 

1  a.  Finances,  2  ab.  Military  system,  2  b. 
Eeligion,  751,  1  b.  Education,  art,  &c.,  2  b. 
— History,  752,  1  b.  Carlovingian  dynasty* 

2  b ;  Saxon,  753,  1  a ;  Franconian,  1  ab ; 
Hohenstaufen  (Swabian),  1  b ;  Hapsburg, 
1  c — finally  established,  2  b.  The  reforma¬ 
tion,  2  be.  Thirty  years’  war,  754,  1  a. 


GERMANY 


GHAZEEPORE 


343 


Dissolution  of  the  empire,  1  c.  Domination 
of  Napoleon,  2  a.  German  confederation, 
2  ab.  Revolution  of  1848,  Y55,  1  a.  Fran- 
co-Austrian  war,  2  c.  Struggles  for  and 
against  German  unity,  2  a,  759,  2  ab.  Schles¬ 
wig-Holstein  difficulty,  757,  2  a.  Prusso- 
Austrian  war,  758,  2  a.  Luxemburg  ques¬ 
tion,  759,  1  ab.  Franco-German  war,  760, 
1  ab.  Establishment  of  the  empire,  1  c. 

Germany,  Language  and  Literature  of,  VII. 
761.  Modern  High  German  language,  2  a. 
Early  legendary  and  religious  poems,  762,  2  b. 
Minnesanger,  768,  1  c;  Meistersanger,  2  be, 
764,  2  c.  Period  of  the  reformation,  764, 
1  b.  Learned  and  scientific  literature  of  the 
16th  century,  765, 1  a.  First  Silesian  school 
of  poetry,  1  c.  Fiction  and  prose  of  the 
17th  century,  2  c.  Literary  reform  in  the 
18th  century,  766,  1  ab.  Rival  schools,  1  c. 
Storm  and  stress  period,  767,  2  a.  Golden 
era  of  German  literature,  2  b.  Romantic 
school,  768,  1  b.  Modern  Swabian  school, 
769,  1  b.  “  Young  Germany,”  1  c.  Recent 
fiction,  2  a ;  poetry,  770,  1  ab  ;  drama,  1  c  ; 
historical  writings,  2  c ;  Culturgeschichte , 
771,  1  c ;  travels,  2  a ;  writers  in  various 
departments,  772,  1  ab,  ff. 

Germany,  Wines  of,  VII.  773. 

Germersheim  [gair'-merce-hime],  town  of  Ba¬ 
varia,  VII.  775. 

Germ,  theory  of  disease,  XVI.  844,  2  a. 

Gerok,  Karl  [ga'-ruk],  German  prelate  and 
poet,  VII.  775. 

Gerome  [zlia-ruh-ma] :  see  Gerardmer. 

Gerome,  Jean  L6on  [zha-rome],  French  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  776. 

Gerona  [kha-ro'-na],  province  of  Spain,  VII. 
776.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Geron'ticus  (ornithology),  IX.  144,  1  c.  G. 
iEthiopicus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Gerontius,  general  of  Constantine,  XVI.  564,1b. 

Gerry,  Elbridge  [gher'-re],  American  states¬ 
man,  VII.  776. 

Gers  [zhair],  department  of  France,  VII.  776. 

Gersdorfite  [ghers'-dorf-ite],  ore,  XII.  432,  1  b. 

Gersen:  see  Kempis,  IX.  787,  1  a,  and  Gerson, 
VII.  777,  1  c. 

Gerson,  Jc-an  Charlier  de  [zhair-song],  French 
theologian,  VII.  776.  At  the  council  of  Con¬ 
stance,  777,  1  ab.  See  Philosophy,  XIII. 
440,  1  c. 

Gerson  ben  Judah,  Jewish  rabbi  of  France, 
VII.  777. 

Gerson ,  Levi  ben:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  440, 1  a. 


Gerstacker,  Friedrich  [gair'-stek-ker],  German 
traveller  and  novelist,  VII.  777. 

Gerunda ,  ancient  city,  VII.  776,  1  c. 
Gervinus,  Georg  Gottfried  [gair-ve'-noos],  Ger¬ 
man  historian  and  statesman,  VII.  777. 
Gesalic  [glies'-a-lik], bastard  son  of  Alaric  II., 
referred  to,  I.  238,  2  a. 

Geryones  [je-ri'-o-neez],  capture  of  the  oxen  of, 
VIII.  679,  2  c. 

Gesenius,  Friedrich  Heinrich  Wilhelm  [ga-za'- 
ne-oos],  German  orientalist,  VII.  778. 
Gesner,  Konrad  von  [ghes'-ner],  Swiss  natu¬ 
ralist  and  philologist,  VII.  778. 

Gesori'acum,  ancient  town,  III.  153,  2  a. 
Gessler  [ghes'-ler] :  see  Tell,  XV.  631,  2  c. 

Gessler’s  castle,  so  styled,  X.  65,  1  ab. 
Gessner,  Salomon,  Swiss  painter  and  poet,  VII. 
778. 

Gestation:  see  Obstetrics,  XII.  568,  2  c.  Du¬ 
ration  of  in  mammals,  I.  511,  2  c. 

Gesil,  Joseph  Guarnerius  del  [  ja-zoo'] :  see 
Guarneri,  VIII.  288,  1  be ;  Violin,  XVI. 
365,  1  be. 

Geta,  P.  Septimius :  see  Caracalla. 

Getas,  Thracian  tribe,  VII.  778. 

GETnsEMANE  [gheth-sem'-a-ne],  VII.  778  (ill., 
779)  ;  XII.  619,  2  a. 

Gettysburg,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  VII.  779. 
Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  VII.  779  (map);  X. 
307,  1  c. 

Geyserite  [ghi'-zer-ite] :  see  Geysers,  VII.  784, 
1  be,  788,  2  b ;  XII.  642,  1  c. 

Geysers,  boiling  springs,  VII.  783.  In  Ice¬ 
land,  1  c.  Theory  of  their  cause,  784,  1  c. 
In  New  Zealand,  2  be.  In  the  United  States, 
785,  1  c.  Thud  geyser,  786,  1  c  (ill.).  The 
Giantess,  787,  2  a  (ill.).  The  Giant  geyser, 

788,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Gfro'rer,  August  Friedrich,  German  historian, 
VII.  789. 

Ghadames  [ga-da'-mess],  town  of  Africa,  VII. 

789. 

Ghara  [ga'-ra] :  see  Sutlej. 

Ghardeia  :  see  Gardaia. 

Gharib,  Mount:  see  Agrib. 

Ghauts,  mountain  ranges  in  Hindostan,  VII. 

789.  Western,  1  c.  The  Neilgherries  and 
Eastern  Ghauts,  2  be.  Geological  structure, 

790,  1  a. 

Ghauts ,  flights  of  stone  steps  on  the  Ganges, 
II.  514,  2  ab,  669,  1  a  (ill.);  VII.  611, 1  be. 
Ghawazi  [ga-wa'-ze] :  see  Almeh,  and  VL 
727,  2  b. 

Ghazeepore :  see  Ghazepooe. 


344 


GHAZEL 


GIGOUX 


Ghazel:  see  Gazel. 

Ghazepoor',  town  of  India,  VII.  790. 

Ghazna:  see  Ghuzni. 

Ghazy-ed-Deen,  vizier,  I.  211,  2  b. 

Ghebers:  see  Guebres. 

Ghee,  kind  of  butter,  VII.  790. 

Gheel  [gail],  town  of  Belgium,  VII.  790. 
Gheneh :  see  Keneh. 

Ghent,  city  of  Belgium,  VII.  790  (ill.,  791). 
History,  2  c.  Treaty  of  (1814),  792,  1  a; 
XVI.  164,  2  a;  I.  101,  1  b. 

Gherardesca,  Ugolino  della  [ga-rar-des'-ka], 
Italian  partisan  leader,  VII.  792. 

Ghergis  [ghSr'-jis],  Mohammedan  name  of  St. 

George,  VII.  712,  1  bo. 

GHERiAn  [gher'-e-a],  town  of  India,  VII.  792. 
Ghetti ,  Jews’  quarters,  VIII.  597,  1  a. 

Ghetto ,  Jews’  quarter  in  Rome,  XIV.  415,  2  a. 
Ghibellines:  see  Guelpiis  and  Ghibellines 
(Index). 

Ghiberti,  Lorenzo  [glie-bair'-te],  Italian  sculp¬ 
tor,  architect,  and  painter,  VII.  792. 

Ghika ,  Alexander ,  prince  [ghe'-ka],  hospodar 
of  Wallachia,  XVI.  433,  2  ab.  Gregory, 
hospodar  of  Moldavia,  XI.  705,  1  a.  Ilis 
act  of  emancipation  referred  to,  I.  274,  1  a. 
Helen :  see  Dora  d’Istria. 

Ghilan  [ghe-lan'],  province  of  Persia,  VII.  793. 
Ghiljies  or  Ghilzais,  Afghan  tribe,  I.  160,  2  a. 
Ghirlandaio,  Domenico  del  [gheer-lan-da'-yo], 
Italian  painter,  VII.  793. 

Ghislieri,  Michele  [ghees-lya'-re],  (Pope  Pius 
V.),  XIII.  558,  2  c. 

Ghizeh:  see  GizEn. 

Ghiznee:  see  Ghuzni. 

Ghoolghoola ,  hill  and  city :  see  Bamian. 

Ghor ,  depressed  plain,  IX.  683,  2  c. 

Ghorides  [gor'-ids],  Turkish  dynasty,  XVI. 
69,  1  b. 

Ghoul  [gool] :  see  Vampire,  and  VII.  63,  1  c. 
Ghuznevules  [guz'-ne-vids],  Turkish  dynasty, 
XVI.  69,  1  b.  See  Ghuzni. 

Ghuzni  [ghz'-ne],  city  of  Afghanistan,  VII.  793 ; 
I.  161,  1  c. 

Gian  Della  Bella  [jan],  revolution  of,  V.  670, 
2  a. 

Giant,  VII.  793.  Giants  of  the  Bible,  2  c. 
Legendary  giants,  794, 1  a ;  ancient  and  mod¬ 
ern,  2  b. 

Giant ,  bird,  XI.  292,  1  b. 

Giant  powder ,  II.  699,  2  b ;  VII.  37,  1  c. 
Giants’  Causeway,  VII.  795  (ill.). 

Giaour  [jowr],  Turkish  term  of  insult,  VII. 
796  ;  VIII.  295,  1  c. 


Gibberish :  see  Slang,  XV.  85,  2  ab. 

Gibbon  [ghib'-bun],  genus  of  apes,  VII.  796. 
Gibbon,  Edward,  English  historian,  VII.  796, 
Gibbons,  Grinling,  wood  carver  and  sculptor, 
VII.  798. 

Gibbons,  Orlando,  composer,  VII.  798. 

Gibbs,  Josiah  Willard,  American  philologist^ 
VII.  798. 

Gibbs,  Wolcott,  chemist,  VII.  799. 

Gibbsite ,  mineral,  I.  366,  2  c ;  367,  1  c. 

Gibeon  [gliib'-e-on],  city  of  Palestine,  VII.  799. 
Gibraltar  [jib-rawl'-tar],  fortified  rock,  coast 
of  Spain,  VII.  799  (view,  800).  Town,  2  c. 
Bay,  800,  2  a.  Strait,  1  c.  History,  2  c. 
Gibraltar ,  county  seat,  VI.  213,  1  c. 

Gibraltar ,  Hungarian :  see  Peterwardein. 
Gibraltar  of  America  (Quebec),  XIV.  139,  2  a. 
Gibraltar  of  the  North  (Sveaborg),  XV.  497, 

1  ab. 

Gibson,  two  counties,  VII.  801. 

Gibson ,  county  seat,  VII.  838,  2  b. 

Gibson,  John,  English  sculptor,  VII.  801. 
Gibson ,  Richard ,  dwarf,  VI.  336,  1  ab. 
Giddings,  Joshua  Reed,  American  statesman, 
VII.  802. 

Gideon,  Hebrew  judge,  VII.  802. 

Gien  [zhyaug],  town  of  France,  VII.  803. 
Giesebrecht,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Benjamin  von 
[ghe'-zeh-brecht],  German  historian,  VII.  803. 
Gieseler,  Johann  Karl  Ludwig  [ghe'-zeh-ler], 
German  church  historian,  VII.  803. 

Giessen  [ghees'-sen],  town  of  Germany,  VII. 

803.  University,  2  a :  see  Marburg. 

Giffard  injector ,  I.  117,  1  a. 

Giffard's  balloon  valve,  I.  149,  2  c  (ill.,  150). 
Gifford,  Helen  Selina,  countess,  English  poet¬ 
ess,  VII.  803. 

Gifford,  Robert  Swain,  American  painter,  VII. 
803. 

Gifford,  Sandford  Robinson,  American  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  803. 

Gifford,  William,  English  author,  VII.  804. 
Gift,  in  law,  VII.  804.  Gifts  inter  vivos ,  2  ab ; 

causa  mortis ,  805,  1  be. 

Gift  enterprises :  see  Gaming,  VII.  609,  1  a. 
Gig  [jig] :  see  Slang,  XV.  85,  2  c. 

Gigan'tes,  in  mythology,  XVI.  220,  1  c. 
Gigarti'na  helminthocor' ton  (botany),  VII.  515, 

2  be. 

Gig  mill  [ghig],  for  teasling,  XVI.  719,  2  a. 
Gignoux,  Francois  Rdgis  [zhe-nyoo],  French 
painter,  VII.  805. 

Gigoux,  Jean  Francois  [zhe-goo],  French  paint 
er,  VII.  806. 


GIGUE 


GIORNATE 


345 


Gigue  [Fr.  zlieeg],  fiddle,  XVI.  306,  2  c. 

Gihon  [ghi'-hon],  pool  of,  IX.  612,  2  be. 

Gijon  [khe-khone'],  seaport  of  Spain,  YII.  806. 

Gila  [he'-laj,  river,  YII.  806.  Gila  valley,  I. 
711,  2  b.  Remains  of  early  civilization,  ib. 

Gilbert ,  Dr.  (William,  1540-1603,  physician  to 
Queen  Elizabeth),  so-called  founder  of  the 
science  of  electricity,  YI.  500,  2  c  (“De  Mag- 
nete  magneticisque  Corporibus,  et  de  inagno 
Magnete  Tellure,”  &c.,  1600). 

Gilbert,  Sir  Humphrey,  English  navigator, 
YII.  800 ;  I.  669,  1  a. 

Gilbert,  Sir  John,  painter,  YII.  806. 

Gilbert ,  Mrs.  (Ann  Taylor),  XY.  593,  1  c. 

Gilbert  of  Sempringham ,  Saint :  see  Gilber- 
tines. 

Gilbertines  [ghil'-ber-tins],  religious  order, 
YII.  807.  Referred  to,  XI.  729,  2  b. 

Gilbert  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  YII.  807. 

Gil  Dices  [zheel  bla;  Sp.  kheel  bias]:  see  Le 
Sage,  X.  366,  1  b,  and  Espinel,  YI.  729,  1  a. 

Gilboa  [ghil-bo'-a],  mountain  of  Palestine,  YII. 
807. 

Gild  as,  British  historian,  YII.  807. 

Gildemeister,  Otto  [ghil'-deh-mice-ter],  Ger¬ 
man  writer,  YII.  807. 

Gildixg,  YII.  807.  Chemical  gilding,  808,  1  b  ; 
burnish,  ib. ;  oil,  2  a ;  wash  (amalgamation 
process),  2  c.  Gilding  of  books,  808,  2  b ; 
of  silver,  809,  1  c ;  of  buttons,  &c.,  ib. ;  of 
porcelain,  &c.,  2  ab. 

Gilding  wax ,  YII.  809,  1  b. 

Gilead,  mountain  group  of  Palestine,  YII.  809. 
See  Gad,  550,  1  b. 

Giles  [jiles],  two  counties,  YII.  809. 

Giles,  Henry,  American  clergyman  and  lec¬ 
turer,  YII.  810. 

Giles,  William  Branch,  American  statesman, 
YII.  810. 

Gilfillax,  George  [ghil-fil'-lan],  Scottish  au¬ 
thor,  YII.  810. 

Gilford ,  county  seat,  II.  495,  1  ab. 

Gillespie,  county,  YII.  810. 

Gillespie,  William  Mitchell,  American  author, 
YII.  810. 

Gillespie.  Thomas ,  Scottish  clergyman,  referred 

to,  XIII.  811,  1  c. 

Gillies,  John,  Scottish  historian,  YII.  810. 

Gilliflower  [jiT-],  YII.  811  (ills.).  Referred 
to,  XVI.  363,  1  a. 

Glllmore,  Quincy  Adams,  American  soldier 
and  engineer,  YII.  811.  * 

Gillott,  Joseph  [gbil'-lut],  English  manufac¬ 
turer,  YII.  811. 


Gillray,  James,  English  engraver  and  carica¬ 
turist,  YII.  812. 

Gills  (popularly  so  styled),  of  mushrooms, 
XII.  70,  2  c,  71,  1  a. 

Gilman,  Chandler  Robbins,  American  physi¬ 
cian,  YII.  812. 

Gilman,  John  Taylor,  statesman,  YII.  812. 

Gilman,  Samuel,  clergyman,  YII.  812.  Caro¬ 
line,  authoress,  2  c. 

Gilmer,  two  counties,  YII.  812. 

Gilmer ,  county  seat,  XYI.  218,  2  c. 

Gilolo  [je-lo'-lo],  East  Indian  island,  VII.  813. 

Gilpin,  county,  YII.  813. 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  English  ecclesiastic,  YII.  813. 

Gimbals  [jim'-],  of  the  mariner’s  compass,  Y. 
187,  1  ab. 

Gimlet  [ghim'-],  varieties  of,  III.  98,  2  c,  99, 
1  be  (ills.). 

Gin,  distilled  spirit,  YII.  813.  Adulteration  of, 
I.  133,  2  c;  flavorings,  134,  1  a. 

Gin  act,  of  1736,  in  England,  VII.  705,  1  c. 

Gindely,  Anton  [gliin'-deh-le],  German  histo¬ 
rian,  YII.  814. 

Ginger,  YII.  814.  Ginger  plant,  1  c  (ill.). 

Gingercake  rock ,  North  Carolina,  XII.  490,  2  be. 

Ginger  grass ,  X.  337,  1  a. 

Gingko  [jing'-ko],  tree,  VII.  814  (ill.,  815). 

Gingras,  county,  VII.  815. 

Ginguene,  Pierre  Louis  [zhang-guh-na],  French 
historian,  YII.  815. 

Gin  liver,  disease,  VI.  266,  1  b. 

Gin'seng,  root,  VII.  816.  Herb,  1  a  (ill.).  Dis¬ 
covery  of  in  Canada,  X.  101,  1  ab. 

Ginungagap  [glie-noon'-ga-gap],  in  Norse  my¬ 
thology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 

Gioberti,  Giovanni  Antonio  [jo-bair'-te],  Ital¬ 
ian  chemist,  YII.  816. 

Gioberti,  Vincenzo,  philosopher,  YII.  816. 
See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  815,  1  c;  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XIII.  445,  1  a. 

Giobertine  tincture  [jo'-ber-tin],  for  restoring 
ancient  writings,  YII.  816,  1  c;  XIII.  12, 
1  c. 

Giocondo,  Fra  Giovanni  [jo-kon'-do],  Italian 
architect,  YII.  818. 

Gioja  [jo'-ya],  town  of  Italy,  YII.  818. 

Gioja,  Flavio:  see  Compass,  Y.  186,  2  ab,  and 
XII.  180,  1  c. 

Gioja,  Melchiorre,  Italian  political  economist, 
YII.  818.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444,  2  ab. 

Giordano,  Luca  [jor-da'-no],  Italian  painter, 
YII.  818. 

Giorgione  [jor-jo'-na],  Italian  painter,  YII.  818. 

Giornate  [jor-na'-ta],  Sardinian  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 


346 


GIOTTESCHI 


GLAIVE 


Giotteschi  [jot-tes'-ke],  painters,  disciples  of 
Giotto,  XII.  797,  1  c. 

Giotto,  Italian  painter,  VII.  819 ;  XIII.  797, 
1  b.  His  campanile,  III.  661,  1  c  (ill.). 

Giovanni  da  Fiesole  [jo-van'-ne  da  fya'-zo-la] : 
see  Angelico,  Fra. 

Giovenazzo ,  duke  of  [jo-va-nat'-so] :  see  Cel- 

LAMARE. 

Giovine  Italia  [jo-ve'-na  e-ta'-lya],  secret  or¬ 
ganization,  IX.  451,  2  c. 

Giovio,  Paolo  [jo'-vyo],  Italian  historian,  VII. 
819. 

Gipsies:  see  Gypsies. 

Giraffa  Camelopardalis  (zoology),  VII.  819,  2  be 
(ill.,  820). 

Giraffe  [je-raf],  VII.  819  (ill.,  820) ;  1. 168,  2  b. 

Giralda ,  the ,  of  Seville,  XIV.  790,  2  a  (ill.). 

Giraldtjs  Oambrensis  :  see  Barry,  Gerald. 

Girard  [je-rard'J,  county  seat,  V.  466,  1  c. 

Girard,  Philippe  de  [zhe-rar],  French  inventor, 
VII.  821. 

Girard,  Stephen,  American  merchant  and 
banker,  VII.  821. 

Girard  college ,  Philadelphia,  VII.  822,  1  ab; 
XIII.  400,  2  c  (ill.). 

Girardin,  Emile  de  [duh  zhe~rar-dang],  French 
journalist,  VII.  822.  Delphine  Gay,  author¬ 
ess,  823,  2  a. 

Girardin,  Jean  Pierre  Louis,  chemist,  VII.  823, 

Girardin,  Marc,  journalist,  VII.  824. 

Girardon,  Francois  [zhe-rar-dong],  sculptor, 
VII.  824. 

Girasol  (Fr.  zhe-ra-zul;  Eng.  girasole ,  jir'-a- 
sole),  variety  of  opal,  XII.  642,  1  ab. 

Girasole  (heliotrope),  VIII.  620,  2  ab. 

Gieaud,  Charles  Joseph  Barthelemy  [zhe-ro] 
French  jurist,  VII.  824. 

Giraud  palace ,  in  Eome,  X.  354,  1  be. 

Girdle  (of  the  diamond),  V.  75,  1  b. 

Girdle  of  Venus :  see  Cestits. 

Girgenti  [jeer-jen'-te],  province  of  Sicily,  VII. 
824.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Girodet-Trioson,  Anne  Louis  [zhe-ruh-da-tre- 
uh-zong],  French  painter,  VII.  825. 

Giromeix  [zhe-ruh-ma] :  see  Gerardmer. 

Gironde  [zhe-rongd],  department  of  France, 
VII.  825.  Wines  of,  410,  2  a.  Eiver,  626,  2  a. 

Girondins  [zhe-rong-dang] :  see  Girondists. 

Girondists,  French  political  party,  VII.  825. 

Gisarme  [ghis'-arm] :  see  Bill,  II.  639,  1  c. 

Gislason,  Conrad  [ghis'-la-son],  Icelandic  phi¬ 
lologist,  VII.  825. 

Gisors  [zhe-zor],  town  of  France,  VII.  826. 

Gita  Govin'da  [ghe'-ta],  poem,  IX.  584,  2  b. 


Gitschin  [ghit'-shin],  town  of  Bohemia,  VII. 
826. 

Gitjdici,  Paolo  Emiliani  [joo-de'-che],  Italian 
author,  VII.  826. 

Giulio  Eomano  [joo'-lyo  ro-ma'-no],  Italian 
painter  and  architect,  VII.  826. 

Giurgevo  [joor-ja'-vo],  town  of  Eoumania, 
VII.  826. 

Giusti,  Giuseppe,  Italian  poet,  VII.  826. 
Gitjstiniani,  Agostino  Pantaleone  [joos-te-ne- 
a'-ne],  prelate  and  philologist,  VII.  826. 
Givet  [zhe-va],  town  of  France,  VII.  827. 
Givors  [zhe-vor],  town  of  France,  VII.  827. 
Gizeh  [ghe'-  or  je'-za],  town  of  Egypt,  VII.  827. 
Gizzard:  see  Comparative  Anatomy,  V.  181, 

1  c. 

Glacial  acetic  acid ,  I.  62,  1  c. 

Glacial  Theory  :  see  Diluvium,  and  Glacier. 
Glaciation:  see  Diluvium,  VI.  113,  1  ab. 
Glacier  [glas'-e-er],  VII.  827.  Characteristics, 

2  a.  Glaciers  of  America,  2  c ;  of  Asia,  828, 
1  b ;  of  the  Alps,  1  be.  Movement  of,  2  a. 
Moraines,  2  be.  Glacial  theory,  829,  1  a. 
Transportation  of  rocks,  1  b.  Eate  of  prog¬ 
ress,  1  c.  Changes  of  structure,  830,  1  c. 
Dirt  bands  in,  831,  1  a. — Action  and  former 
extent  of  glaciers,  I.  175,  2  c,  176,  1  a,  b; 
becoming  icebergs,  VII.  828,  1  b.  Famous 
glaciers,  XVI.  241,  2  a ;  Alaskan,  I.  241,  2  c ; 
Alpine,  352,  2  a;  in  polar  seas,  XIII.  653,  2  b. 

Gladbach  [glad'-baJh],  two  towns  of  Prussia, 
VII.  831.  Monchen-Gladbach,  1  b.  Ber- 
gisch-Gladbach,  1  c. 

Gladiator ,  ancient  statue :  see  Borghese  glad - 
iator  (Index).  “The  Dying,”  XIV.  415,  2  a. 
Gladiators,  VII.  831. 

Gladio'lus,  genus  of  plants,  VII.  831.  Com¬ 
mon  gladiolus  (G.  communis),  2  b  (ill.,  832) ; 
249,  1  a.  Other  species,  832,  1  a. 

Gladsheim  [glads'-hime],  in  Horse  mythology, 
XII.  120,  1  b. 

Glads'muir ,  battle  of,  XIII.  828,  1  a. 
Gladstone,  William  Ewart,  English  statesman 
and  author,  VII.  832. 

Gladwin,  county,  VII.  834. 

Glagolit'ic,  a  Slavonic  form  of  writing,  VII. 
834 ;  II.  787,  2  b. 

Glaire,  Jean  Baptiste  [glair],  French  theolo^ 
gian  and  orientalist,  VII.  834. 

Glais-Bizoin,  Alexandre  [gla-be-zwang],  French 
politician,  VII.  834.  (Died  1877.) 

Glaisher,  James,  British  meteorologist  VII- 
834.  See  Aeronautics,  I.  147,  2  a. 

Glaive :  see  Bill,  II.  639,  1  c. 


GLAMORGANSHIRE 


GLIDDON 


347 


Glamorganshire,  county  of  "Wales,  VII.  835. 
Gland,  in  anatomy,  VII.  835  (ills.).  Aggre¬ 
gated  or  conglomerate  glands,  1  c ;  XV.  604, 
1  a;  XIV.  566,  1  c.  Brunner’s,  IX.  324, 

1  a.  Ductless,  VII.  836, 1  a;  XV.  280,2  ab. 
Lachrymal:  see  Tears.  Meibomian,  XV. 
79,  2  a.  Pacchionian,  III.  188,  2  b ;  XII. 
779,  1  c.  Perspiratory  (sudoriparous) :  see 
Perspiration.  Salivary  :  see  Salivary 
Glands.  Sebaceous,  XV.  79,  1  b. 

Glanders,  equine  disease,  VII.  836. 

Glandules  Pacchioni ,  XII.  779,  1  c ;  III.  188, 

2  b  (Pacchionian  glands). 

Glandular  follicles,  ultimate  (ill.),  VII.  835,  2  a. 
Glandule ,  mucous  (ill.),  VII.  835,  2  b. 

Glanvil,  Ranulf  de,  chief  justiciary  of  Eng¬ 
land,  VII.  837. 

Glanvill,  Joseph,  English  divine  and  philoso¬ 
pher,  VII.  837. 

Glare’ola  (ornithology),  XIII.  804,  2  be.  G. 

pratincola,  2  c  (ill.,  805). 

Glartjs  [gla'-roos],  or  Glaris,  canton  of  Switz¬ 
erland,  VII.  837.  Capital  town,  838,  2  a. 
Glascock,  county,  VII.  838. 

Glaserite:  see  Potassium,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 
Glasgow  [glas'-go],  city  of  Scotland,  VIII.  5 
(ill.,  Albert  bridge).  Cathedral,  6,  1  a. 
University,  1  ab.  Commerce  and  manufac¬ 
tures,  1  be.  History,  2  a. 

Glasgow ,  county  seat,  II.  336,  1  c. 

Glass,  VIII.  6.  History  of  glass  making,  7, 

1  a.  Theban  glass  blowers,  1  b  (ill.). 
Egyptian  bottle  and  Assyrian  vase  (ills.), 

2  a.  Cesnola’s  Cypriote  collection,  2  c  (ills., 
8).  Portland  vase,  8,  1  c  (ills.).  Venetian 
glass,  2  a  (ill.,  9) ;  Bohemian,  2  c  (ill.,  9) ; 
French,  9,  1  a.  First  use  of  window  glass, 
2  a.  Glass  making  in  England,  2  c ;  in  the 
United  States,  10,  1  b.  Composition  of 
glass,  2  c;  varieties  of,  11,  2  a  (table) ;  prop¬ 
erties  of,  12,  1  be.  Action  of  sunlight  on, 
2  b.  Crude  materials  for,  13,  1  be.  Melt¬ 
ing  of,  2  c ;  melting  pots,  14,  1  be  (ill.). 
Tools,  2  c  (ills.,  15).  Flint  glass,  15,  2  b ; 
making  a  wine  glass,  2  c  (ills.,  16) ;  hand 
press,  16,  1  c  (ill.).  Crown  glass,  2  b.  Sheet 
glass,  17,  1  c;  blowing  the  cylinder,  2  a 
(ill.);  different  stages  of,  2  b  (ill.,  18).  Plate 
glass,  19,  1  b  (see  Barium,  II.  313,  2  b)  ; 
casting  table,  2  a  (ill.).  Lenses,  20,  2  a. 
Annual  production  of  plate  glass,  21,  1  be. — 
Colored  and  ornamented  glasses,  2  b ;  filigree 
glass,  23,  1  c  (ill.) ;  cameo  incrustation,  24, 
1  b  (ill.). 


Glass,  Soluble,  VIII.  24 ;  XVI.  495,  2  b.  Use 
of  as  a  fire-proof,  VIII.  24,  2  c. 

Glass ,  John,  Scottish  clergyman,  XIV.  598, 1  a. 

Glasshouse  Field,  Massachusetts,  VIII.  10,  1  be. 

Glassites  :  see  Sandemanians. 

Glass  Painting,  VIII.  25.  Founder  of  the 
modern  school,  I.  215,  2  b. 

Glass  rope :  see  Glass  Sponge. 

Glass  Snake,  VIII.  27  (ill.) ;  II.  724,  1  a. 

Glass  Sponge,  VIII.  28  (ill.,  29). 

Glasswort ,  plant,  I.  322,  1  a  (Alkali)  ;  XIV. 
593,  2  a. 

Glassy  sailor,  mollusk,  XI.  722,  2  a. 

Glastonbury,  town  of  England,  VIII.  29. 
Ruins  of,  ih. 

Glastum,  woad,  XVI.  693,  2  be. 

Glatz  [glats],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  29. 

Glauber,  Johann  Rudolf  [glow'-ber],  German 
chemist,  VIII.  29 ;  IV.  359,  2  ab. 

Glauber’s  Salt  [glaw'-berz],  VIII.  30. 

Glauchau  [glow'-kliow],  town  of  Saxony, 
VIII.  30. 

Glaucium  luteum  (botany),  XIII.  715,  1  c. 

Glaucopidians  (entomology),  VIII.  532,  2  be; 
533,  1  b,  2  b. 

Glauous,  mythical,  of  Potnim,  VIII.  30.  Of 
Anthedon,  2  b. 

Glaucus  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Glazing,  of  cotton  goods,  III.  580,  2  c ;  of 
pottery,  XIII.  790,  2  ab;  of  porcelain,  791, 
2  a,  c,  792,  1  a. 

Gleditschia  triacanthos  (botany),  VIII.  795, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  604,  2  b. 

Gleig,  George  Robert  [gleg],  Scottish  author, 
VIII.  30. 

Gleim,  Johann  Wilhelm  Ludwig  [glime],  Ger¬ 
man  poet,  VIII.  31.  His  connection  with 
the  “  poetical  union  of  Halberstadt,”  387, 1  b. 

Gleiwitz  [gli'-vits],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  31. 

Glencoe',  glen  of  Scotland,  VIII.  31.  Pass 
of  (ill.).  Massacre  of,  1  c.  See  Dalrymple, 
V.  647,  1  b. 

Glencoe ,  county  seat,  X.  797,  2  c. 

Glen'dower,  Owen,  Welsh  chieftain,  VIII.  31. 

Glendwr  [glen'-door] :  see  Glendower. 

Glengarry,  county  of  Canada,  VIII.  32. 

Glen  Pose,  county  seat,  XV.  161,  2  b. 

Glen’s  Falls,  village  of  New  York,  VIII.  32. 

Glenville,  county  seat,  VII.  813,  1  a. 

Glenwood,  county  seats,  XI.  557,  1  b  (city) ; 
XIII.  706,  2  b. 

Gliadine  [gli'-a-din] :  see  Gluten,  VIII.  46,  1  b. 

Gliddon,  George  Robins,  American  Egyptolo¬ 
gist,  VIII,  33. 


3L8 


GLOBE 


GNEIST 


Globe,  Artificial,  VIII.  32. 

Globe ,  the  [Fr.  glub],  French  newspaper,  XII. 

337,  1  a;  X.  364,  2  b;  VI.  595,  2  b. 

Globe  amaranths ,  immortelles,  IX.  196,  2  c. 
Globe  Fish  :  see  Sea  Porcupine. 

Globiceph' alus  (zoology),  II.  677,  2  c;  VI.  193, 
1  a.  G.  melas,  1  be  (ill.). 

Globigeri'na,  microscopic  animal,  VIII.  34. 

G.  bnlloides  (ill.),  2  b.  Fossil,  VII.  311,  2  b. 
Globulines  [glob'-yu-lins] :  see  Proteine,  XIV. 
31,  1  b. 

Glogau  [glo'-gow],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  35. 
Gloire  [glwar],  iron-clad  frigate,  IX.  379,  2  c. 
Glom'men,  river  of  Norway,  VIII.  35. 
Glonoine  [glo'-no-in],  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Gloria  in  excelsis ,  doxology,  VI.  236,  2  c. 
Gloria  Patri ,  doxology,  VI.  236,  2  c. 

Glory  Pea,  plant,  VIII.  35  (ill.). 

Glossan' thrax ,  disease  of  animals,  XII.  61,  1  b. 
Glossary ,  VI.  92,  2  c. 

Glossators ,  glosses :  see  Civil  Law,  IV.  625, 1  b. 
Glossi’na  (entomology),  XVI.  20,  1  c.  G. 

morsitans,  ib.  (ill.). 

Glossop,  town  of  England,  VIII.  35. 

Glottis  (anatomy),  XIII.  382,  2  b. 

Gloucester  [glos'-ter],  two  counties,  VIII.  35. 
Gloucester,  county,  New  Brunswick,  VIII.  36. 
Gloucester,  city  of  Massachusetts,  VIII.  36. 
Gloucester,  city  of  England,  VIII.  37.  Cathe¬ 
dral,  2  a  (ill.). 

Gloucester ,  duke  of,  regent  for  Richard  II., 
XIV.  313,  2  be.  Regent  for  Henry  VI.,  II. 
425,  2  a,  ff. ;  448,  2  b.  See  Richard  III. 
Gloucester  C.  H county  seat,  VIII.  36,  1  b. 
Gloucestershire,  county  of  England,  VIII.  38. 
Glove,  VIII.  38.  Uses  of  gloves,  1  c.  Mate¬ 
rials,  2  ab.  Glove  making,  2  c. 

Glover,  Richard,  English  poet  and  politician, 
VIII.  39. 

Gloversville,  village  of  New  York,  VIII.  39. 
Glove  fights :  see  Pugilism,  XIV.  75,  2  c. 

Glove  money ,  VIII.  38,  2  a. 

Glowworm,  VIII.  39  (ills.,  39,  40) ;  II.  476,  2  b. 
Glu :  see  Bird  Lime,  II.  649,  1  b. 

Gluci'na,  an  earth,  VIII.  41.  Glucinum,  1  c. 
Gluck,  Christoph  Wilibald  von  [glook],  Ger¬ 
man  composer,  VIII.  41.  nis  principles  of 
composition,  42,  2  ab,  43,  2  c ;  XII.  91,  2  a. 
Gluckists  and  Piccinists ,  musical  factions,  VIII. 

44,  2  a;  XII.  91,  1  c;  XIII.  495,  2  c. 
Gluckstadt  [gliik'-stat],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII. 

45. 

Glucohee'mia :  see  Diabetes. 

Glu'cose ,  grape  sugar,  XV.  440,  2  a,  be.  De¬ 


composition  of,  I.  264,  2  a;  VII.  142,  1  b. 
As  a  ferment,  143,  2  c. 

Glucosuria:  see  Diabetes. 

Glue,  VIII.  45.  Varieties  of,  2  be. 

Glukhov',  town  of  Russia,  VIII.  46. 

Glume ,  in  grasses,  VIII.  166,  1  c. 

Gluten,  VIII.  46.  Proportion  of  in  different 
grains,  1  c ;  in  bran,  2  a,  III.  208,  1  c. 

Gluteus  medius ,  in  the  horse,  VIII.  825,  2  b. 

Glutinous  hag ,  fish,  XII.  121,  2  c. 

Glutton,  animal,  VIII.  46  (ill.). 

Glycerides  [glis'-er-ids],  III.  698,  2  a. 

Glycerine  [glis'-er-in],  VIII.  47.  Preparation, 
2  ab.  Properties  and  uses,  2  c.  Oxide  of, 
XIII.  27,  2  c. 

Glyceryl  nitrate ,  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Glycine  [glis'-e-ne],  (botany),  XVI.  690,  1  c. 
G.  hispida,  XV.  202,  2  c. 

Glycione ,  principle  in  liquorice,  X.  519,  2  c. 

Glyco-cholate  of  soda,  in  the  bile,  IV.  514,  2  b ; 
X.  538,  1  a. 

Gif  'cogen,  animal  starch,  XV.  319,  2  ab ;  X. 
538,  1  a  (glycogene). 

Glycyrretine  [gle-sir'-re-tin],  resinous  body, 
XV.  442,  1  ab. 

Glycyrrhiza  [glis-er-rl'-za],  (botany),  X.  519, 
1  b.  G.  glabra  (ill.),  G.  echinata,  and  G. 
lepidota,  1  b. 

Glycyrrhizine  [gle-sir'-re-zin],  liquorice  sugar, 
X.  519,  2  c ;  XV.  442,  1  a. 

Glyndon,  Howard,  nora  de  plume,  V.  741,  1  be. 

Glynn,  county,  VIII.  48. 

Glyph,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  c. 

Glyptemysinsculpta(zob\ogy),'KV .812, 1  b  (ill.). 

Glyptic  art,  gem  engraving,  VII.  663,  1  a. 

Glyptodon,  fossil  mammal,  VIII.  48.  G.  cla- 
vipes,  2  be  (ill.).  Other  species,  49,  1  b. 

Glyptograph,  XV.  258,  2  c. 

Glyptothek  [glip'-to-tek],  sculpture  gallery  of 
Munich,  XII.  42,  2  a  (ill.). 

Gmelin,  Johann  Georg  [gma'-lin],  German 
naturalist,  VIII.  49.  Samuel  Gottlieb,  bota¬ 
nist,  1  b.  Johann  Friedrich,  naturalist,  1  c. 
Leopold,  chemist,  ib. 

Gmund  [gmunt],  town  of  Wurtemberg,VIII.  49. 

Gnapha'lium  (botany),  IX.  196,  2  a. 

Gnat,  insect,  VIII.  49  (ills.,  49,  50) ;  II.  678, 
1  c  (Black  Fly).  Buffalo  gnat,  2  b.  Meta¬ 
morphoses,  VIII.  50,  1  c. 

Gneisenau,  August,  count  [gnl'-zeh-now],  Prus¬ 
sian  general,  VIII.  51.  See  Blucher. 

Gneiss  [nice],  rock,  VIII.  52 ;  152,  2  c ;  154, 
1  c;  XIV.  370,  2  c. 

Gneist,  Rudolf  [gnist],  German  author, VIII.  52. 


GNESEN 


GOITRE 


349 


Gnesen  [gna'-zen],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  52. 

Gnidus  [ni'-dus] :  see  Cnidus. 

Gnosis ,  in  Gnosticism,  VIII.  53,  2  b. 

Gnossus  :  see  Cnossus. 

Gnostics  [nos'-tiks],  name  of  various  heretical 
sects,  VIII.  52.  Their  views  of  the  Lord’s 
supper,  X.  638,  1  b. 

Gnosus:  see  Cnossus. 

Gnu  [nu],  animal,  VIII.  55.  Common  or 
white  gnu,  2  b  (ill.).  Brindled  gnu,  2  c  (ill.). 

Go'a,  Portuguese  colony  in  India,  VIII.  56. 
Old  Goa,  city,  1  a.  New  Goa,  1  b.  See  IX. 
202,  2  ab. 

Goalpara  [go-al-pa'-ra],  district  of  Bengal, 
VIII.  56. 

Goat,  VIII.  56.  Common  wild  goat,  2  c.  Jem- 
lali  goat,  57,  1  a.  Domestic  goat,  57,  1  be 
(ill.).  Rocky  mountain  goat,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Thibet  goat,  1  c  :  see  Thibet  goat  (Index). 

Goat's  beard ,  plant,  XV.  275,  1  b. 

Goats '  cavern ,  on  Mt.  Etna,  VI.  762,  1  a. 

Goat'sucker,  bird,  VIII.  58.  Chuckwill’s 
widow,  1  c  (ill.).  Leona  goatsucker,  59,  1  a 
(ill.,  58). 

G  oatzacoalcos,  river:  see  Coatzacoalco. 

Gobat  [go-ba'J,  (Samuel,  born  in  Switzerland, 
1799),  missionary  in  Abyssinia,  and  Anglican 
bishop  of  Jerusalem,  I.  48,  2  a. 

“ Gobbing  up”  in  mining,  XI.  572,  2  c. 

Gobel  (Jean  Baptiste  Joseph,  born  1727,  guillo¬ 
tined  1794),  archbishop  of  Paris,  his  assent 
to  the  worship  of  Reason  referred  to,  VIII. 
241,  1  ab. 

Gobelin ,  Jehan  and  Gilles ,  VIII.  59,  1  b. 

Gobelins:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  ab. 

Gob'elins,  Manufactory  of  the  [Fr.  gub-lang], 
VIII.  59. 

Gobert,  Napoleon,  baron  [guh-bair],  French 
philanthropist,  VIII.  60. 

Gobi  [go'-be],  desert  of  Asia,  VIII.  60. 

Gobi'esox  (ichthyology),  X.  713,  2  ab  ;  714,  1  c. 
G.  dentex,  ib. 

Gobio  (ichthyology),  VIII.  294,  2  c.  G.  fluvi- 
atilis,  295,  1  a  (ill.).  G.  cataractas,  1  b. 

Gobius  (ichthyology),  VIII.  60,  2  ab.  G.  ni- 
ger,  ib.  (ill.).  Nest  of,  VII.  239,  1  c. 

Goblins:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  be. 

Goby,  fish,  VIII.  60.  Black  goby,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Nest  of,  2  be  ;  VII.  239,  1  c.  Goby  family 
referred  to,  II.  710,  1  c. 

God,  cosmological  argument  for  the  existence 
of,  I.  706,  2  c. 

Godav'ery,  river  of  India,  VIII.  60. 

Goddard,  Arabella,  English  pianist,  VIII.  61. 


GoDERicn  [go'-dritch],town  of  Canada,  VIII.  61. 
GoDERicn,  Viscount :  see  Ripon,  earl  of. 
Gode'tia  (botany),  XII.  585,  2  b. 

Godfrey ,  Sir  Edmondbury :  see  Oates,  Titus, 

XII.  562,  1  b. 

Godfrey,  Thomas,  American  mathematician, 
VIII.  61. 

Godfrey  of  Bouillon  :  see  Bouillon. 
Godfrey's  quadrant ,  VIII.  61,  2  b  ;  369,  1  b. 
GodTva  :  see  Coventry,  V.  438,  2  a. 

Godkin,  Edward  Laurence,  American  jour¬ 
nalist,  VIII.  61. 

Godman,  John  D., American  naturalist,  VIII.  61. 
Godolphin,  Sidney,  earl  of,  statesman,  VIII.  62. 
Godoy ',  Juan  [Sp.  go-£Ao'-e],  discoverer  of 
silver  mines  in  Chili,  II.  50,  1  a. 

Godoy,  Manuel  de,  Spanish  statesman,  VIII. 

62.  See  Charles  IV.  of  Spain. 

Godrun  [go'-droon],  Danish  king,  I.  298,  1  c. 
Godunoff',  Boris  Fedorovitch,  czar  of  Russia, 
VIII.  62 ;  VII.  132,  1  c,  2  a ;  XIV.  490,  2  c. 
Godwin,  earl  of  Wessex,  VIII.  63;  VI.  433, 
1  b,  ff. 

Godwin,  George,  English  architect  and  author, 
VIII.  63. 

Godwin,  Parke,  American  journalist,  VIII.  63. 
Godwin,  William,  English  author,  VIII.  63. 
On  political  economy,  XIII.  670,  1  a.  Mary 
Wollstonecraft,  authoress,  VIII.  64,  1  c. 
Godwit,  bird,  VIII.  64.  Marbled  godwit,  2  c 
(ill.,  65).  Hudsonian  godwit,  65,  1  b  (ill.). 
Goeland ,  bird,  VIII.  319,  2  c. 

Goentoer  [goon-toor'],  volcano,  VIII.  65. 
Goertz  :  see  Gorz. 

Goes  [gooce],  town  of  Holland,  VIII.  65. 

Goes,  Hugo  van  der,  Flemish  painter,  VIII.  65. 
GoETnE,  Johann  Wolfgang  von  [go'-teh],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  VIII.  65.  His  theory  of  the 
flower,  X.  267,  2  a;  of  cranial  vertebras, 

XIII.  423,  1  b  ;  of  evolution,  referred  to, 
VII.  10,  2  a,  VIII.  67,  2  a. 

Goezmann  [guz-man],  French  counsellor,  II. 
428,  2  be. 

Goffe,  William,  English  regicide,  VIII.  69; 
III.  126,  2  c  ;  V.  705,  1  c.  (His  appearance 
against  the  Indians  recently  disproved.) 

Gog  and  Magog,  VIII.  69. 

Goghra :  see  Gogra. 

Go'gol,  Nikolai,  Russian  author,  VIII.  70. 
Gog'ra,  river  of  India,  VIII.  70. 

Goiogwen ,  Cayugas,  IV.  161,  1  c. 

Goitaoaz'es,  Indian  tribe  of  Brazil,  VIII.  70. 
Goi'tre  (Fr.  goitre ,  gwatr’),  disease,  VIII.  70. 
Associated  with  heart  disease,  566,  2  a. 


350 


GOLAN 


GOMBO 


Golan ,  city  of  Bashau,  II.  359,  2  b. 

Golconda,  city  of  India,  VIII.  71.  Tombs  of 
the  kings  of,  2  a  (ill.).  Kingdom  of,  1  c ; 
IX.  201,  1  c.  Depot  of  gems,  VII.  790,  1  b. 

Golconda ,  county  seat,  XIII.  706,  2  b. 

Golconda  coast ,  X.  829,  2  c. 

Gold,  precious  metal,  VIII.  71.  Characteris¬ 
tics  of,  1  c.  Distribution  of,  72,  1  be ;  de¬ 
posits,  2  b.  Use  and  supply  of  in  ancient 
times,  73,  1  be.  Effect  of  the  discovery  of 
America,  2  c.  Mines  of  Europe,  74,  1  ab ; 
of  Asia,  2  a;  of  Africa,  75,  1  c;  of  Aus¬ 
tralia,  2  be;  of  the  eastern  United  States, 
76,  2  c ;  of  California,  77,  2  c ;  of  Canada, 
79,  1  c;  of  South  America,  &c.,  2  b.  Total 
production  of  gold,  80,  1  b.  Consumption 
in  coinage  and  the  arts,  81,  2  b. — Gold  mi¬ 
ning,  82,  1  c.  Washing  or  panning,  2  ab  ; 
retort  gold,  83,  1  c ;  river  mining,  2  a ; 
beach  mining,  ib. ;  hill  diggings  and  bank 
diggings,  2  b  ;  hydraulic  process,  2  c.  Ex¬ 
traction  of  quartz  gold,  84,  1  b.  Methods 
of  treatment  for  pyritous  gold  ores,  85,  1  c ; 
chlorination  process,  ib.  ;  smelting  process, 
2  b.  Authorities,  2  c. — Discovery  of  gold 
in  Australia,  462,  1  a,  II.  134,  2  c ;  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  III.  613,  1  a. 

Gold-beater'1  s  skin ,  VIII.  86,  1  b. 

Gold-beating,  VIII.  86. 

Goldberg,  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  87. 

Gold-breasted  trumpeter :  see  Agami. 

Gold  Coast,  Africa,  VIII.  87. 

Golden  age ,  I.  185,  2  c. 

Golden  apples :  see  Hesperides,  and  Hercules, 
VIII.  679,  2  c. 

Golden  bees ,  armorial,  XV.  824,  2  c. 

Golden  book ,  of  Venice,  XVI.  300,  1  be. 

Golden  bull ,  of  Brabant,  III.  176,  1  b ;  of 
Charles  IV.,  VI.  498,  la;  of  Hungary,  IX. 
56,  2  a. 

Golden  carp  :  see  Gold  Eish. 

Golden  chain ,  tree,  X.  74,  2  c. 

Golden  City,  county  seat,  IX.  588,  2  b. 

Golden  Fleece:  see  Argonauts. 

Golden  Fleece,  Order  of  the,  VIII.  89. 

Golden  Gate ,  strait  of  California,  III.  600, 
2  be,  603,  2  c ;  XIV.  605,  2  a. 

Golden  gateway  at  Jerusalem ,  I.  662  (ill.). 

Golden  Horde ,  khanate  or  empire  of  the,  IX. 
776,  2  ab ;  X.  15,  1  a. 

Golden  Horn ,  Constantinople,  III.  519,  1  b ; 
V.  274,  2  a. 

Golden  league ,  of  the  Swiss  Catholic  cantons, 
XV.  530,  2  ab. 


Golden  Number,  VIII.  89. 

Golden  pine,  X.  169,  2  a. 

Golden  ragroot ,  plant,  VIII.  270,  1  c. 

Golden  robin ,  II.  257,  2  a. 

Goldenrod,  plant,  VIII.  90  (ill.). 

Golden  Seal  :  see  Puccoon. 

Goldfinch,  bird,  VIII.  90  (ill.,  91).  American 
goldfinch :  see  Yellow  Bird. 

Gold  Fish,  VIII.  91  (ill.).  See  Carp,  IV.  17, 1  a. 
Goldfuss  [gold'-foos],  (Georg  August,  1782- 
1848,  professor  at  Bonn),  his  classification 
of  fishes,  IX.  160,  2  ab. 

Gold  Hill,  town  of  Nevada,  VIII.  91. 

Gold  leaf:  see  Gilding,  and  Gold-beating. 
Goldo'ni,  Carlo,  Italian  dramatist,  VIII.  91  ; 
IX.  463,  2  a. 

Gold  powder,  for  bronzing,  III.  315,  2  a. 
Goldsboro ,  county  seat,  XVI.  519,  1  b. 
Goldsborough,  Louis  Malesherbes,  American 
naval  officer,  VIII.  92.  (Died  1877.) 
Goldschmidt,  Hermann,  German  painter  and 
astronomer,  VIII.  92. 

Goldschmidt ,  Jenny  Lind :  see  Lind. 
Goldschmidt ,  Otto ,  pianist,  X.  501,  2  b. 
Goldschmied  [gold'-shmeet],  or  Goldschmidt , 
Johann :  see  Aurifaber. 

Gold  size ,  VII.  808,  1  c ;  III.  315,  2  b. 
Goldsmith,  Oliver,  English  author,  VIII.  93. 
Gold'stucker,  Theodor,  German  orientalist, 
VIII.  95. 

Goldthread  :  see  Coptis. 

Golf,  game,  VIII.  95. 

Golfete  [gole-fa'-ta],  lake,  VI.  304,  2  be. 
Gol'gotha:  see  Calvary. 

Goliad',  county,  VIII.  95. 

Goliad ,  county  seat,  VIII.  95,  2  b.  Massacre 
at,  VII.  80,  2  b  ;  IX.  16,  2  c. 

Goli'ath ,  Philistine  giant,  V.  705,  2  ab. 

Goliath ,  cockatoo,  IV.  785,  1  b  (ill.). 

Go'lius,  Jacobus,  Dutch  orientalist,  VIII.  95. 
Gollnow  [gul'-no],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  95. 
Golo,  a  treacherous  knight,  VII.  671,  2  b. 
Golomynka ,  fish,  II.  220,  1  c. 

Golovnin',  Vasili,  Russian  navigator,  VIII.  95. 
Golpe ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Goltz,  Bogumil,  German  author,  VIII.  96. 
Go'mar ,  Francis ,  Dutch  supralapsarian  divine, 
I.  730,  2  b,  ff. ;  XIV.  255,  1  a  (Gomarus). 
Gomarists ,  Dutch  religious  party,  I.  728,  1  b ; 
XIV.  255,  1  a. 

Gomarus ,  Franciscus :  see  Gomar  (Index). 
Goma'tes ,  Persian  usurper,  III.  647,  1  b  ;  XIII. 
322,  1  ab. 

Gombo  :  see  Gumbo. 


GOMER 


GORDON" 


351 


Gomer,  son  of  Japheth,  VIII.  9G  ;  IX.  566,  2  be. 
Gomez,  Estevan  [go'-mess],  Portuguese  ex¬ 
plorer,  YIII.  96 ;  XVI.  324,  1  ab. 

Go'mor,  county  of  Hungary,  VIII.  96. 
GoMORRAn,  city,  VIII.  96 ;  V.  725,  2  b. 
Gonaives  [go-naiv],  seaport  of  Ilayti,  VIII.  96. 
Gondar,  town  of  Abyssinia,  VIII.  97. 
Gondokoro,  town  of  Africa,  VIII.  97. 
Gon'dola,  boat,  VIII.  97  (ill.). 

Gondolier',  VIII.  97,  2  b. 

Gonds,  tribe  of  India,  VIII.  97 ;  IX.  220,  1  a. 
Gondwana .  [gond-wa'-na],  region  of  India, 
VIII.  97,  2  b,  c. 

Gonfaloniere  [gon-fa-lo-nya'-ra],  chief  magis¬ 
trate  of  Florence,  XI.  342,  2  c  (twice). 
Gongora  y  Argote,  Luis  de  [goan'-go-ra  e  ar- 
go'-ta],  Spanish  poet,  VIII.  98. 

Go'niatites  [generic,  sing,  and  pi.,  go-ne-a-tl'- 
teez],  fossil  cephalopods,  VIII.  98  (ill.). 
Gonid'ia ,  cells  in  lichens,  X.  409,  1  a. 
Goniom'eter,  instrument,  VIII.  98. 

Gonol'obus  (botany),  referred  to,  XI.  546,  2  b. 
Gonon  [guh-nong],  (Honore,  French  founder), 
referred  to,  II.  354,  2  a. 

Gonong  Api,  Banda  islands,  II.  267,  1  c. 
Gonsal'yo  de  Cor'dova,  Spanish  general,  VIII. 

98.  Treatment  of  his  remains,  148,  2  c. 
Gonville  and  Gaius  college ,  Cambridge  univer¬ 
sity,  III.  558,  2  b ;  644,  1  a. 

Gonzaga  [gon-dza'-ga],  town  of  Italy,  VIII.  99. 
Gonzaga,  family  of,  VIII.  99.  Alessandro  di 
Gonzaga,  impostor,  100,  1  a. 

Gonzaga,  Luigi,  Saint,  VIII.  100. 

Gonzaga,  Thomas  Antonio  Costa  de  [gong-za'- 
ga],  Brazilian  poet,  VIII.  100. 

Gonzales  [gon-sa'-less],  county,  VIII.  100. 
Gonzales,  county  seat,  VIII.  100,  2  a. 
Goochland,  county,  VIII.  100. 

Goochland  G.  H,  county  seat,  VIII.  100,  2  a. 
Good,  John  Mason,  English  physician  and  au¬ 
thor,  VIII.  100. 

Goodall,  Edward,  English  engraver,  VIII. 

100.  Frederick,  painter,  101,  1  a. 

Good  Friday,  VIII.  101 ;  776,  2  b. 

Good  Henry,  plant,  XIII.  509,  1  a. 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of :  see  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Goodhue,  county,  VIII.  101. 

Good  King  Harry ,  plant,  XIII.  509,  1  a. 
Goodrich,  Elizur,  American  clergyman,  VIII. 

101.  Chauncey  Allen,  scholar,  102,  1  a. 
Samuel  Griswold,  “Peter  Parley,”  1  be. 
Frank  Boot,  author,  2  a. 

Good  Templars,  Independent  Order  of :  see  To¬ 
tal  Abstinence,  XV.  818,  2  a. 


Good  YYill,  in  business,  VIII.  102. 

Goodwin  Sands,  English  coast,  VIII.  103. 
Goodyear,  Charles,  American  inventor,  VIII. 

103.  See  Caoutchouc,  III.  737,  1  b,  and 
Gutta  Percha,  VIII.  344,  2  a. 

Goodyear ,  Nelson,  his  improvements  in  the 
preparation  of  caoutchouc,  III.  737,  1  c. 
Goodyear  welt  machine,  XIV.  875,  2  c. 

Goojars,  Hindoo  race,  IX.  213,  2  b;  214,  1  c. 
Gookin,  Daniel,  American  author  and  soldier, 
VIII.  103. 

Goole,  town  of  England,  VIII.  104. 

Goolwa,  river :  see  Murray. 

Goomna  (cobra),  IV.  772,  2  ab. 

Goom'tee,  or  Goomty,  river  of  India,  VIII. 

104. 

Goora,  tree,  VII.  148,  2  c. 

Goordees,  Hindoo  race,  IX.  214,  1  c. 
Goosan'der,  duck,  VIII.  104  (ill.). 

Goose,  VIII.  104.  European  wild  goose,  105, 
lb.  Chinese  tchin-tchu,  2  a.  Laughing  goose, 
2  b  (ill.).  Canada  goose,  106,  1  b  (ill.).  Brant 
goose,  107,  1  b  (ill.).  Barnacle  goose,  2  a 
(ill.).  Coromandel  goose,  2  c.  Tame  goose, 
ib.  Bremen  goose,  108,  2  a  (ill.). 
Gooseberry  [gooz'-ber-re],  VIII.  108  (ill.,  109). 
Goose  Fisii,  VIII.  109  (ill.). 

Goosefoot  (pigweed),  XIII.  508,  2  b. 

Goose  grass,  weed,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Goose  of  the  sea  (dolphin),  VI.  191,  2  c. 

Goose  quills ,  use  of  for  writing,  VIII.  108, 1  ab  ; 

XIII.  243,  1  b.  Preparation  of,  1  c. 

Gopher,  name  of  different  animals,  VIII.  110. 
Rodent  gophers,  1  ab.  Pouched  gopher,  2  a 
(ill.)  ;  southern,  2  c.  California  gopher, 
111,  1  a  (ill.).  So-called  gopher:  see  Prai¬ 
rie  Squirrel,  XIII.  804,  1  a.  Reptile :  see 
Tortoise,  XV.  812,  2  c. 

Gop'pert,  Heinrich  Robert,  German  botanist, 
VIII.  111. 

Goppingen  [gop '-ping- en],  town  of  AYfirtem- 
berg,  VIII.  111. 

Gopura,  great,  pyramid,  V.  134,  1  be  (ill.). 
Gorcum :  see  Gorkum. 

Gordian  Knot  :  see  Gordius. 

Gordianus,  Marcus  Antonius  (Africanus),  Ro¬ 
man  emperor,  VIII.  111.  Marcus  Antonius 
Pius,  emperor,  2  b. 

Gordius,  legendary  king  of  Phrygia,  VIII.  111. 
Gordian  knot,  2  c.  Alternation  of  the  name 
with  that  of  Midas,  XI.  523,  1  c. 

Gordius  (entozoa),  VIII.  384,  2  be. 

Gordon,  county,  VIII.  112. 

Gordon ,  county  seat,  III.  470,  2  c. 


352 


GORDON" 


GOTTORP 


Gordon ,  Scottish  noble  family :  see  Aberdeen, 
Earls  of. 

Gordon,  George  (Lord  George  Gordon),  polit¬ 
ical  agitator,  VIII.  112.  Gordon  riots,  2  a. 
His  trial  and  acquittal,  2  ab ;  YI.  720,  1  a. 
Gordon,  Sir  John  Watson,  Scottish  painter, 
VIII.  112. 

Gordon,  William,  English  clergy  man,  VIII.  112. 
Gordonia  (botany),  X.  559,  2  b.  G.  lasianthus 
and  G.  pubescens,  ib .,  and  560,  1  a. 

Gordon's  hospital ,  Aberdeen,  I.  21,  2  c. 

Gore,  Catharine  Grace,  English  novelist,  VIII. 

112. 

Gore,  Christopher,  American  statesman,  VIII. 
113. 

Goree  [go-ra'J,  island,  Africa,  VIII.  113. 

Gorge ,  in  fortification,  VII.  335,  1  b. 

Gor'ges,  Sir  Ferdinando,  lord  proprietary  of 
Maine,  VIII.  113 ;  XI.  37,  1  c,  ff. ;  XVI.  151, 
1  ab.  Robert,  VIII.  113,  2  be.  Thomas,  2  c  ; 
XI.  87,  2  b.  Ferdinando,  VIII.  114,  1  a. 
Gorgey,  Arthur  [gor'-geh-e],  Hungarian  gen¬ 
eral,  VIII.  114;  II.  146,  2  c;  IX.  60,  1  b, 
61,  1  b;  X.  21,  2  c. 

Gorgias,  Greek  rhetorician  and  sophist,  VIII. 

115.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  437,  2  b. 
Gorgo'na,  island  of  Colombia,  VIII.  115. 
Gorgona ,  Italy,  I.  467,  2  a;  XIV.  15,  2  b. 
Gorgona'cea ,  order  of  polyps,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 
Gorgonia  flabellum,  polyp,  XIV.  729,  1  b. 
Gorgon' idee.,  family  of  polyps,  XIV.  729,  1  a. 
Gorgons,  in  Greek  mythology,  VIII.  115. 
Gorham  decision ,  XI.  119,  1  ab  (Manning). 
Gorilla,  ape,  VIII.  115  (ill.,  116) ;  I.  168,  1  c. 
Goritz  :  see  Gorz. 

Gorkhas,  people  of  India,  VIII.  118. 

Gor'kum,  town  of  Holland,  VIII.  118.  Mar¬ 
tyrs  of,  1  c. 

Gorlitz,  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  118. 

Gorres,  Jakob  Joseph  von  [gor'-ress],  German 
author,  VIII.  118.  Guido,  author,  2  c. 
Gorse ,  shrub,  XVI.  103,  2  a  (ill.). 
Gortchakoff',  Russian  princely  family,  VIII. 
119.  Petr,  commander  of  Smolensk,  1  a. 
Dimitri,  poet,  1  ab.  Alexander,  ib.  An¬ 
drei,  general,  1  b.  Alexander,  statesman,  ib. 
Mikhail,  minister,  2  be.  Petr,  general,  2  c. 
Mikhail,  general  and  governor,  ib. 

Gorton,  Samuel,  religious  enthusiast,  VIII.  120. 
Gorty'na,  ancient  town  of  Crete,  VIII.  120. 
Gortz,  Georg  Heinrich,  baron,  Swedish  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  120 ;  IV.  306,  2  ab,  307,  1  a. 
Goruckpoor',  district  of  India,  VIII.  121. 
Town,  1  a. 


Gorup-Besanez  [go'-roop-ba'-za-nets],  (Eugen 
von, baron, born  1817,  professor  of  chemistry 
at  Erlangen),  analyses  of  blood  by,  II.  729, 1  b. 

Gorz  [gorts],  circle  of  Austria  (Gorz  and  Gra- 
disca),  VIII.  121.  Town,  1  b. 

Gosohen,  George  Joachim  [go'-shen],  English 
statesman,  VIII.  121. 

Gos'hawk,  bird  of  prey,  VIII.  121  (ill.). 

Go'shen,  district  of  ancient  Egypt,  VIII.  122  ; 
583,  1  ab ;  VII.  29,  1  c. 

Goshen,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  122. 

Goshen ,  county  seat,  VI.  541,  2  b. 

Gos'lar,  town  of  Hanover,  VIII.  122. 

Gosnold,  Bartholomew,  English  voyager,  VIII. 
122;  XI.  37,  1  b;  XVI.  381,  2  c.  His  dis¬ 
covery  of  Cape  Cod,  III.  742,  1  c. 

Gospel,  VIII.  122.  Spurious  gospels,  ib.  : 
see  Apocrypha.  German  metrical  transla¬ 
tions,  9th  century,  VII.  762,  2  c. 

Gosport,  seaport  of  England,  VIII.  122. 

Gosport ,  site  of  the  Norfolk  navy  yard,  XII. 
482,  2  ab ;  XIII.  735,  1  c. 

Gossan,  in  mining,  XI.  570,  2  b. 

Gosse,  Philip  Henry,  zoologist,  VIII.  123. 

Gosselies  [ghs-suh-le],  Belgium,  VIII.  123. 

Gossyp'ium  (botany),  V.  401,  1  c.  Species  of, 
2  a.  G.  hirsutum  and  Barbadense,  2  c  (ill., 
402).  G.  arboreum,  405,  1  a. 

Goth,  Bertrand  Garcias  de  [gote],  (Pope  Cle¬ 
ment  V.),  IV.  661,  1  b. 

Gotha  [go'-ta],  former  duchy  of  Germany, 
VIII.  123.  Capital,  1  c.  Ducal  palace, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Goth'am,  parish  of  England,  VIII.  123.  “  Wise 
men  of  Gotham,”  ib.  Sobriquet  of  New 
York,  2  be. 

Gothenburg  [got'-en-boorg],  province  of  Swe¬ 
den,  VIII.  123.  Capital,  2  c  (view,  124). 

Gothia,  kingdom  of,  X.  152,  2  a. 

Gothic  architecture,  old  or  round-arched,  I. 
661,  1  b,  662,  2  a;  pointed,  663,  2  b.  Eng¬ 
lish  revival  of,  666,  1  b. 

Gothic  Language  and  Literature,  VIII.  124. 

Gothic  society,  Swedish,  VII.  659,  2  b. 

Gothland  :  see  Gottland. 

Goths,  VIII.  125.  Ostrogoths  and  Visigoths, 
126,  1  ab.  Characterization,  2  b. 

Gottenburg :  see  Gothenburg. 

Gotthelf,  Jeremias ,  pseud onyme,  II.  673,  2  b. 

Gottingen  [got'-ting-en],  city  of  Hanover, 
VIII.  127.  University,  1  a. 

Gottland,  island  of  Sweden,  VIII.  127. 

Gottorp,  count  of  (Gustavus  IV.),  VIII.  340, 
2  c. 


GOTTSCIIALK 


GRAGNANO 


353 


GoTTsenALK,  Louis  Moreau  [got'-shalk],  Amer¬ 
ican  pianist  and  composer,  VIII.  127. 

Gottsciiall,  Rudolph  [gut'-shal],  German  poet 
and  dramatist,  VIII.  127. 

Gottsciied,  Johann  Christoph  [gut'-shet],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  VIII.  128;  VII.  776,  1  b. 

Gbtz  with  the  Iron  Hand :  see  Berlichingen, 
Gotz  von. 

Gouber  (peanut),  XIII.  210,  1  b. 

Gouda  [gow'-da],  town,  Netherlands, VIII.  128. 

Gough,  Hugh,  viscount  [goff],  British  general, 
VIII.  128. 

GouGn,  John  B.,  American  orator,  VIII.  128. 

Gough,  Richard,  English  antiquary,  VIII.  128. 

Goujet,  Claude  Pierre  [goo-zha],  French  au¬ 
thor,  VIII.  128. 

Goujon,  Jean  [goo-zhong],  sculptor,  VIII.  129. 

Goulard's  water ,  medicine,  X.  246,  1  ab. 

Goul'burn,  city  of  Australia,  VIII.  129. 

Goulburn,  Edward  Meyrich,  English  clergy¬ 
man,  VIII.  129. 

Gould,  Augustus  Addison,  American  natural¬ 
ist,  VIII.  129. 

Gould,  Benjamin  Apthorp,  astronomer,  VIII. 
129. 

Gould,  Hannah  Flagg,  poetess,  VIII.  130. 

Gould,  John,  English  naturalist,  VIII.  130. 

Goulet- Collet  [goo-la-kul-la],  artesian  drill  of, 
I.  779,  2  b. 

Gounod,  Charles  Francois  [goo-no],  French 
composer,  VIII.  130;  XII.  93,  1  a.  Aided 
by  Chorley,  IV.  517,  2  be. 

Gour  [gowr],  ruined  city  of  Bengal,  VIII.  130. 

Goura  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  2  c.  G.  coro- 
nata,  ib.  (ill.,  507). 

Gourbis ,  Algerian  dwellings,  I.  304,  1  c. 

Gourd  [goard],  plant,  VIII.  131  (ill.).  Gourd 
family,  1  a. 

Gourgaud,  Gaspard,  baron  [goor-go],  French 
general,  VIII.  131. 

Gourgues,  Dominique  de  [goorg],  French  ad¬ 
venturer,  VIII.  132. 

Gouri'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  1  b. 

Gousset,  Thomas  Marie  Joseph  [goos-sa], 
French  prelate,  VIII.  132. 

Gout,  disease,  VIII.  132.  Rheumatic,  133, 1  be. 

Goutte  [goot],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 
(See  plate.) 

Goutte  de  sang  [duh  sang],  precious  stone,  XV. 
271,  2  b. 

Gouty  kidney,  I.  258,  1  a. 

Gouty  stem  tree)  XV.  190,  2  b. 

Gouvion  Saint-Cyr,  Laurent  [goo-vyong-sang- 
seer],  French  marshal,  VIII.  133. 

23 


Governor ,  of  a  steam  engine,  XV.  341,  2  a. 

Governor’s  Island,  New  York,  VIII.  133. 

Govind',  two  Sikh  leaders,  XV.  37,  1  a. 

Gower,  John,  English  poet,  VIII.  134;  VI. 
663,  1  be. 

Gowk ,  April  fool,  I.  606,  2  b. 

Go'ya,  city,  Argentine  Republic,  VIII.  134. 

Goyan'na,  city  of  Brazil,  VIII.  134. 

Goyaz',  province  of  Brazil,  VIII.  134.  City,  2  c. 

Gozo,  island :  see  Malta,  XI.  69,  1  b. 

Gozzi,  Carlo,  count  [got'-se],  Italian  dramatist, 
VIII.  135.  Gasparo,  writer,  1  b  ;  IX. 463,  2  be. 

Gozzo ,  island  of,  XI.  69,  1  b. 

Graaf,  Regnier  de  [deh  graf],  Dutch  physician, 
VIII.  135.  Graafian  vesicles,  1  c:  see  VI. 
561,  1  b. 

Graal  [gra'-al],  or  Grail,  the  Holy,  VIII.  135. 

Gracchus,  Tiberius  Sempronius,  Roman  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  136.  Caius  Sempronius,  2  b. 
See  X.  194,  1  a. 

Grace ,  days  of, ,  XII.  214,  2  c. 

Grace  cup ,  origin  of  the,  XI.  156,  1  ab. 

Graces,  The,  in  mythology,  VIII.  137. 

Gracias,  or  Gracias  a  Dios  [gra-se-ass  a  de'-oce], 
city  of  Honduras,  VIII.  137. 

Gracias  a  Dios,  Cape,  VIII.  137. 

Graciosa,  island,  Azores,  VIII.  137. 

Grac'ula  (ornithology),  VIII.  145,  lb.  G.  re- 
ligiosa,  ib. ;  XI.  613, 1  c  (ilk).  G.  musica,  2  b. 

Graculus  (ornithology),  V.  358,  2  a.  G.  carbo, 
2  c  (ill.).  G.  dilophus,  359,  1  be  (ill.).  G. 
violaceus,  2  a.  G.  cristatus,  ib. 

Gradenigo  [gra-da-ne'-go],  (Pietro,  doge  of 
Venice  1289-1311),  VI.  182,  2  c. 

Gradi'vus ,  a  name  of  Mars,  XI.  190,  2  c. 

Gradual ,  the ,  XI.  635,  2  c  (Missal). 

Graduation,  of  mathematical  instruments, 
VIII.  137. 

Greed ,  tribe,  VIII.  185,  2  ab ;  X.  186,  2  c. 

GRiE'vius,  Johann  Georg  (Graefe),  German 
scholar,  VIII.  138. 

Grafe,  Karl  Ferdinand  von  [gra'-feh],  German 
surgeon,  VIII.  138.  Albrecht  von,  oculist, 
2  a.  Alfred  Karl,  oculist,  2  c. 

Grafenberg  [gra'-fen-bairg] :  see  Priessnitz. 

Graffiti  [graf-fe'-te],  rude  inscriptions,  VIII. 
718,  2  be. 

Graff  in  grafting,  VIII.  139,  1  a. 

Grafting,  VIII.  138  (ills.,  140,  141).  Herba¬ 
ceous  grafting,  715,  2  b ;  XIII.  527,  2  b. 

Grafton,  county,  VIII.  141. 

Grafton,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VIII.  142. 

Gragnano  [gra-nya'-no],  town  of  Italy,  VIII. 
142. 


354 


GRAHAM 


GRANICUS 


Geaham,  two  counties,  VIII.  142. 

Graham ,  county  seats,  I.  236,  1  a;  XVI.  794, 
2  b. 

Graham ,  a  quack,  VIII.  421,  2  c. 

Graham ,  Mrs.  Catharine:  see  Macaulay,  Cath¬ 
arine. 

Geaham,  Isabella,  philanthropist,  VIII.  142. 
Geaham,  John,  Viscount  Dundee  and  Lord 
Graham  of  Claverhouse,  soldier,  VIII.  142. 
Graham,  Sir  Robert,  conspirator,  IX.  514,  1  be. 
Geaham,  Sylvester,  American  reformer,  VIII. 
142. 

Geaham,  Thomas,  Scottish  chemist,  VIII.  143. 
Geaham,  William  Alexander,  American  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  143. 

Graham  bread,  VIII.  143,  1  a;  flour,  XVI. 
588,  2  a. 

Geahame,  James  [gra'-um],  Scottish  poet,  VIII. 

144, 

Geahame,  James,  historian,  VIII.  144. 
Geaham  Island,  or  Isle  of  Julia,  VIII.  143. 
Grahamite,  bituminous  mineral,  II.  20,  1  c,  21, 
1  a;  672,  1  a.  Use  in  explosives,  VII.  35, 
1  c;  in  paving,  XIII.  193,  2  c. 

Geaham’s  Town,  Cape  Colony,  VIII.  144. 
Graii  [gra'-yi],  tribe  of  Epirus,  X.  186,  2  c. 
Geail,  Holy :  see  Geaal. 

Geain,  measure  of  weight,  VIII.  144.  Stand¬ 
ard  grain  in  England,  II.  164,  1  a. 

Geain  Coast,  Africa,  VIII.  145. 

Geainoee,  county,  VIII.  145. 

Grain  of  paradise,  kind  of  cardamom,  VIII. 

145,  1  a;  III.  777,  1  c. 

Gea'kle,  East  Indian  bird,  VIII.  145.  See 
Mino  Bied.  Bird  of  the  boat-tail  family, 
1  b.  Rusty  grakle,  1  be ;  Mexican,  2  a ; 
great-tailed,  2  b;  boat-tailed,  2  be;  purple, 

146,  1  b  (ill.).  See  II.  676,  1  b. 

Grallato'res,  order  of  birds,  II.  670,  1  b. 

Grama  grass  [gra'-ma],  VIII.  169,  1  a;  XII. 

319,  1  a. 

Grama-devatds,  in  Brahman  mythology,  IX. 
230,  1  b. 

Geammae  :  see  Language,  X.  149,  2  b. 
Geamme  [gram],  unit  of  weight,  VIII.  146. 
Gramm,  loquitur,  &c.,  educational  distich,  VI. 
412,  1  c. 

Grammont  [gram-mong],  buccaneer,  III.  376, 1  a. 
Grammont,  order  of,  referred  to,  XI.  730,  1  b. 
Geamont  [gra-mong],  French  family,  VIII.  146. 
Antoine  III.,  duke  de,  marshal,  2  a.  Phili¬ 
bert,  count  de,  debauchee,  2  ab.  Antoine 
Agenor  Alfred,  duke  de,  diplomatist,  2  c. 
Geampians,  mountains  of  Scotland,  VIII.  147. 


Geampus,  cetacean,  VIII.  147 ;  XVI.  582,  1  a. 

G.  orca,  VIII.  147, 1  b  (ill.),  &c. 

Gean  [gran],  county  of  Hungary,  VIII.  147. 
City,  2  b. 

Gran,  Arabia :  see  Geane. 

Geanada  [gra-na'-da],  department  of  Nicara¬ 
gua,  VIII.  147.  Capital  city,  148,  1  a. 
Geanada,  ancient  kingdom  of  Spain,  VIII.  148. 

Province,  2  a.  Capital  city,  2  ab  (view,  149). 
Geanada,  New :  see  Colombia. 

Geanadil'la  [Sp.  gra-na-^e'-lya],  kind  of  fruit, 
VIII.  149;  XIII.  151,  2  a. 

Granalleschi  society,  VIII.  135,  1  ab. 

Gr anbury,  county  seat,  VIII.  802,  1  a. 
Geanby,  John  Manners,  marquis  of,  English 
general,  VIII.  149. 

Gran  Capitan ,  el  [ail  gran  ka-pe-tan'],  (Gonsal- 
vo  de  Cordova),  VIII.  98,  2  c. 

Gran  Chaco:  see  Chaco,  El  Gran. 

Geand,  county,  VIII.  149.  See  Summit. 
Grand  Cairo  (snuff),  XV.  783,  2  c. 

Grand  Chariton,  river:  see  Chaeiton. 

Grand  Chute  [shute],  rapids  in  Fox  river,  I. 
601,  2  ab. 

Geandee',  Spanish  title,  VIII.  149. 

Grande-  Terre  [grangd  tair],  island,  VIII.  276,  1  c. 
Grand  Falls ,  county  seat,  XVI.  346,  2  a. 
Geand  Foeks,  county,  VIII.  150. 

Geand  Haven,  city  of  Michigan,  VIII.  150. 
Grandis  [grang-de],  engineer,  referred  to,  VIII. 
173,  1  c. 

Grand  Island  City,  county  seat,  VIII.  396,  2  b. 
Geand  Isle,  county,  VIII.  150. 

Grand-Lieu  [grang-lyuh],  lake,  X.  585,  2  b. 
Geand  Manan',  island  of  Maine,  VIII.  150. 
Geandpee,  Louis  Marie  Joseph  Ohier,  count  de 
[grang-pra],  navigator  and  traveller,  VIII.  150. 
Geand  Rapids,  city  of  Michigan,  VIII.  150. 
Grand  remonstrance :  see  Pym,  XIV.  104,  1  b, 
and  Ceomwell,  V.  501,  1  c. 

Geand  Rivee,  Michigan,  VIII.  151. 

Geand  Rivee,  Colorado  and  Utah,  VIII.  151. 
Grand  river,  Canada  :  see  Ottawa. 

Grandson  [grang-song],  town :  see  Geanson. 
Geand  Teaveese,  county,  VIII.  151. 

Grand  Traverse  City ,  county  seat,  VIII.  151,2  a. 
Geandville,  Jean  Ignace  Isidore  [grang-veel], 
French  caricaturist,  VIII.  151. 

Geane  [gran],  seaport  of  Arabia,  VIII.  151. 
Geange,  N  ational :  see  Husbandey,  Patrons  of. 
Geangee,  Gideon,  American  statesman,  VIII. 
151.  Francis,  2  c. 

Geani'cus,  river  of  Asia  Minor,  VIII.  151. 
Battle  of,  152,  la;  I.  276,  1  be. 


GRANIER 


GRASSHOPPER 


355 


Granier,  Adolphe  Bernard  [gra-nyii],  French 
journalist,  YIII.  152. 

Granier  tie  Cassagnac  [dull  kas-sa-nyak] :  see 
Granier,  A.  B. 

Granite  [gran'-it],  rock,  YIII.  152.  Composi¬ 
tion,  2  ab  ;  geological  relations,  2  c.  Gran¬ 
ite  veinstones,  153,  1  c;  graphic  granite,  2  a. 
Softened  granite,  2  ab.  Red  granites,  2  be. 
Granite  as  a  building  stone,  2  c  ;  quarrying 
of,  154,  1  a.  So-called  granites,  153,  1  be 
(see  I.  353,  1  a) ;  154,  1  be. 

Granson  [grang-song],  town  of  Switzerland, 
VIII.  154.  Battle  of,  IY.  310,  2  c. 

Granite  Falls ,  county  seat,  XVI.  780,  2  a. 

Grant,  in  law,  YIII.  154;  XIY.  559,  1  c. 

Grant,  name  of  eleven  counties,  YIII.  154. 

Grant,  Anne  (Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan),  Scottish 
authoress,  YIII.  155. 

Grant,  Sir  Francis,  Scottish  artist,  YIII.  156. 

Grant,  James,  British  journalist,  VIII.  156. 

Grant,  James,  Scottish  novelist,  YIII.  156. 

Grant,  James  Augustus,  traveller,  VIII.  156. 

Grant,  Sir  James  Hope,  soldier,  YIII.  156. 

Grant,  Ulysses  S.,  general  and  president  of 
the  United  States,  YIII.  156.  Capture  of 
Fort  Donelson,  157,  2  b.  Battle  of  Pitts¬ 
burgh  Landing,  2  c :  see  Shiloh.  Capture  of 
Vicksburg,  158,  1  c.  Operations  at  Chatta¬ 
nooga,  2  a.  Lieutenant  general  and  com- 
mander-in-chief,  2  b.  Letter  of  President 
Lincoln  to,  X.  495,  2  c.  Virginia  campaign, 
307,  2  be;  YIII.  159,  1  a:  see  Wilderness, 
and  Chickahominy,  IV.  416,  2  c.  Siege  of 
Petersburg,  1  c :  see  Petersburg,  Siege  of. 
Surrender  of  Lee,  2  a.  Rank  of  general  cre¬ 
ated  for  him,  ib.  Secretary  of  war  ad  in¬ 
terim,  ib.  President,  2  be.  Proposed  an¬ 
nexation  of  Santo  Domingo,  160, 1  b.  Treaty 
of  W ashington,  1  c.  Reelected  president,  2  b. 

Granta ,  river :  see  Cam. 

Grant  City ,  county  seat,  XYI.  732,  1  b. 

Grant  Court  House ,  county  seats,  YIII.  154, 
2  c  ;  155,  2  a. 

Grantia:  see  Sponge,  XV.  282,  1  be. 

Grantsville ,  county  seat,  III.  582,  2  be. 

Grantville ,  county  seat,  II.  228,  1  b. 

Granular  degeneration ,  of  the  kidneys,  IX. 
827,  2  c. 

Granulation  on  a  icound ,  IX.  276,  2  be. 

Granules  of  starch,  XY.  317, 2  ab  (ills.,  317-19). 

Granulose:  see  Starch,  XY.  318,  1  b. 

Granvelle,  Antoine  Perrenot,  cardinal  de 
[grang-vel],  Spanish  statesman,  YIII.  160. 

Gran'ville,  county,  YIII.  161. 


Granville,  village  of  Ohio,  YIII.  161.  Deni¬ 
son  university,  &c.,  2  b. 

Granville  [grang-veel],  town  of  France,  YIII. 
161. 

Granville,  George,  Baron  Lansdowne,  Eng¬ 
lish  author  and  statesman,  YIII.  161. 
Granville,  Granville  George  Leveson-Gower, 
earl,  English  statesman,  YIII.  162. 
Granville,  John  Carteret,  earl,  statesman, 
YIII.  162. 

Granville,  Sir  Richard:  see  Grenville. 

Grdo  Para:  see  Para. 

Grape,  YIII.  162.  Flower,  2  c  (ill.,  163). 
European  grape,  163,  1  a  (ill.).  American 
species,  2  a;  I.  417,  1  c,  ff.  Propagation 
and  cultivation,  YIII.  164,  1  a.  Mildew, 
2  a.  Parasitic  insects,  2  b  :  see  Phylloxera. 
Grapery,  cold  and  forcing,  YIII.  163,  2  a. 
Grape  Shot,  YIII.  164;  IY.  53,  1  ab. 

Graphic,  the,  newspaper  of  London,  XII.  336, 
1  c.  Of  New  York,  343,  1  c;  X.  530,  1  a. 
Graphic  granite,  YIII.  153,  2  ab. 

Graphic  symbol,  of  an  atom,  II.  88,  2  a. 
Graph'is  elegans  (botany),  X.  409,  1  b  (ill.). 
Graphite,  mineral,  VIII.  165;  XIII.  246,  1  a. 

See  Carbon,  III.  769,  2  c. 

Graphiu'rus  (zoology),  YI.  216,  1  ab.  G. 
capensis,  2  be.  • 

Grapnel,  anchor,  I.  466,  2  c  (ill.). 

Grap'temys  geograph’ ica  (zoology),  XY.  812, 

1  a. 

Grap'tolites,  fossils,  YIII.  165  (ill.). 

GraptoV ithus  Loga’ni  (ill.),  YIII.  165,  2  b. 

G.  pristis  (ill.),  ib. 

Grass :  see  Grasses. 

Grass  Cloth  :  see  Ramie. 

Grasse,  La  [la  gras],  town  of  France,  YIII.  165. 
Grasses,  YIII.  166.  Structure,  1  a  (ills.). 
Distribution  and  uses,  167,  1  a.  Permanent 
meadow  and  pasture  grasses,  2  ab ;  timothy, 

2  b ;  red-top,  2  be  (ill.) ;  white-top,  168,  1  a; 
orchard,  ib.  (ill.,  167);  June  or  blue,  ib.  (ill., 
167);  fescue,  &c.,  1  c.  Time  for  cutting,  I. 
199,  2  b.  Annual  grasses,  YIII.  168,  2  b; 
Hungarian,  ib.,  and  XI.  556, 1  c  (ill.).  Grasses 
of  spontaneous  growth,  YIII.  168, 2  be.  Marsh 
grasses,  169, 1  b.  Ornamental  grasses,  1  c.  So- 
called  grasses,  2  a.  Sand  grass,  XII.  266,  2  c. 

Grass-gum  tree:  see  Grass  Tree. 
Grasshopper,  YIII.  169.  Spotted  wingless, 
170,  1  b ;  oblong  leaf-winged,  ib.  (ill.) ; 
curved-tailed,  1  c ;  narrow-leaved,  ib.  (ill.)  ; 
common  meadow,  2  a  (ill.) ;  sword-bearer, 
2  b.  Life  of  the  grasshopper,  2  be.  Other 


356 


GRASSHOPPER 


GREAT 


species,  2  c.  See  Katydid,  and  Rocky 
Mountain  Locust. 

Grasshopper ,  in  pianos,  XIII.  491,  1  a. 

“  Grasshopper  bird  ”  (katydid),  IX.  773,  1  ab. 
Grassmann,  Hermann  Gunther  [grass'-man], 
German  mathematician,  VIII.  171.  (D.  1877.) 
Grassmann ,  Robert ,  on  logic,  X.  583,  2  a. 
Grassmonth  (April),  I.  606,  2  a. 

Grass  Tree,  VIII.  171.  Resins  from,  2  b. 
Grass  wrack:  see  Wrack  Grass. 

Gratian,  Roman  emperor,  VIII.  171. 

Gratian ,  monk,  collection  of  canon  law  by, 
III.  718,  2  c. 

Gratianop' olis :  see  Grenoble. 

Gratianus ,  John  (Pope  Gregory  VI.),  VIII. 
243,  2  b. 

Gratiot  [grash'-e-ut],  county,  VIII.  172. 
Gratry,  Auguste  Joseph  Alphonse,  abbe  [gra- 
tre],  French  theologian,  VIII.  172. 

Grattan,  Henry,  Irish  statesman,  VIII.  172. 
Grattan,  Thomas  Colley,  novelist,  VIII.  173. 
Gratto'ni,  Severino,  Italian  engineer,  VIII. 
173. 

Gratz,  or  Gratz  [grats,  graits],  town  of  Aus¬ 
tria,  VIII.  173. 

Graubunden,  or  Graubtindten  :  see  Grisons. 
Graudenz  [grow'-dents],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII. 

173. 

Graun,  Karl  Heinrich  [grown],  German  com¬ 
poser,  VIII.  173. 

Gravatana  [gra-va-ta'-na],  XVI.  723,  2  b. 
Grave  Creek  :  see  Moundsville. 

Gravel,  in  geology,  VIII.  173. 

Gravel,  in  pathology,  VIII.  174. 

Gravelines  [grav-leen],  town  of  France,  VIII. 

174.  Battle  of,  2  c;  VI.  452,  2  c. 
Gravelotte  [grav-lut],  village  of  France,  and 

battle,  VIII.  174. 

Gra've  nim'is ,  apostolic  letter  of  Sixtus  IV., 
IX.  195,  2  a. 

Graves,  county,  VIII.  175. 

Graves,  Robert,  English  engraver,  VIII.  175. 
Graves ,  Dr .,  commissioner  on  ancient  Irish 
laws,  III.  244,  2  c. 

Gravesande,  Willem  Jakob  van ’s  [sgra'-v&h- 
zan-deh],  Dutch  philosopher,  VIII.  175.  His 
method  of  determining  the  composition  of 
forces,  XI.  321,  2  b  (ill.). 

“  Graves's  disease  ”  (heart),  VIII.  566,  2  ab. 
Graves'end,  town  of  England,  VIII.  175. 
Gravier,  Jacques  [gra-vya],  French  missionary, 
VIII.  175. 

Gravina  [gra-ve'-na],  town  of  Italy VIII.  175. 
Gravina,  Giovanni  Vincenzo,  jurist,  VIII.  175. 


Gravitation:  see  Gravity.  Hooke’s  theory 
of,  XII.  347,  2  b;  Newton’s,  ib.  Hooke’s 
claim  to  prior  discovery,  348,  1  b.  Proof 
of:  see  Tides,  XV.  739,  1  c.  Velocity  of, 
Zollner’s  measurement,  XIII.  247,  2  b. 

Gravity,  VIII.  175.  Variation  of:  see  Clait 
raut,  IV.  628, 1  b.  Centre  of :  see  Mechan¬ 
ics,  XI.  322,  1  c  (ills.,  322,  323). 

Gravity,  Specific,  VIII.  177.  Of  solids,  how 
ascertained,  1  c ;  of  fine  powders,  2  be ;  of 
fluids,  2  c ;  of  gases,  ib.  Proportions  of  the 
ingredients  of  a  compound,  178,  1  ab.  Table 
of  specific  gravities,  1  b.  See  Galactometek, 
and  Hydrometer. 

Gray,  town  of  France,  VIII.  178. 

Gray,  Asa,  American  botanist,  VIII.  178. 

Gray,  David,  Scottish  poet,  VIII.  179. 

Gray ,  Elisha ,  XV.  622,*  2  a. 

Gray,  Henry  Peters,  painter,  VIII.  179. 

Gray,  John  Edward,  English  naturalist,  VIII. 
179.  His  classification  of  reptiles,  693,  1  be. 
(D.  1875.) — George  Robert,  180,  1  b.  His 
classification  of  birds,  XII.  706,  lb.  (D.  1872.) 

Gray,  Thomas,  English  poet,  VIII.  180. 

Graydon,  Alexander,  American  author,  VIII. 
181. 

Gray  elk  (wapiti),  XVI.  447,  1  a. 

Gray  friars :  see  Franciscans. 

Gray's  Inn ,  London,  IX.  290,  1  a,  291,  1  a. 

Gray  Jag ,  bird,  VIII.  105,  1  b. 

Grayling,  fish,  VIII.  181.  Back’s,  2  c  (ill.). 

Gray  moose  (wapiti),  XVI.  447,  1  a. 

Grayson,  three  counties,  VIII.  181. 

Grayson ,  county  seat,  IV.  35,  1  b. 

Gray  tubercles ,  of  the  lungs,  V.  282,  2  c. 

Graywacke  series ,  in  geology,  VII.  697,  1  b. 

Grazia ,  Duke  della:  see  Lucchesi-Palli  (Index). 

Graziani,  Francesco  [grats-ya'-ne],  Italian  vo¬ 
calist,  VIII.  182.  Ludovico,  1  b. 

Great  Barrier  reefs ,  Australia,  II.  128,  2  b. 

Great  Barrington,  town,  England,  VIII.  182. 

Great  Basin,  United  States,  VIII.  182. 

Great  Bear ,  the:  see  Bear,  Great  and  Lesser, 
and  Charles’s  Wain. 

Great  Bear  Lake  :  see  Bear  Lake. 

Great  Bridge ,  Virginia,  battle  of,  VIII.  664, 
2  b;  XI.  199,  2  b. 

Great  Britain,  island  and  kingdom,  VIII.  182. 
See  British  Empire,  England,  Scotland, 
and  Wales. 

Great  Catawba ,  river :  see  Catawba. 

Great  Charter:  see  Magna  Charta,  X.  849. 
Great  charter  of  Henry  III.,  2  ab. 

Great  crow-blackbird ,  grakle,  VIII.  145,  2  c. 


GREAT 


GREEK 


357 


Great  Cyclades ,  XII.  301,  2  c  (New  Hebrides). 
Great  Dome  grotto ,  Adelsberg,  I.  114,  1  b. 
Great  Eastern ,  steamship,  XIV.  859,  2  b ;  XV. 
354,  2  a  (ill.).  Its  paddle  shaft  and  cranks, 
VII.  318,  2  c. 

Great  Elector ,  the,  VII.  453,  2  a. 

Great' head,  Robert :  see  Grosseteste. 

Great  Falls:  see  Somersworth. 

Great  Grimsby,  borough  of  England,  VIII.  183. 
Great  Harry ,  the,  war  ship,  XIV.  856,  2  be. 
Great  Isaac's  rocks  lighthouse,  X.  461,  1  b. 
Great  Kanawha  River,  VIII.  183. 

Great  Marlow,  town  of  England,  VIII.  183. 
Great  Mogul,  emperor,  XI.  693,  1  c. 

Great  ocean  (Pacific),  XII.  780,  2  c. 
Great'orex,  Eliza,  American  artist,  VIII.  183. 
Great  raft ,  of  the  Red  river,  X.  670,  1  c. 
Great'rakes,  Valentine,  Irish  quack,  VIII. 
183. 

Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  VIII.  183;  XIV. 

577,  2  b. 

Great  sea  (Mediterranean),  XI.  353,  2  a. 

Great  Slave  Lake,  Canada,  VIII.  184. 

Great  South  beach,  Long  Island,  I.  339,  1  b. 
Great  Strokr,  geyser  of  Iceland,  VII.  784,  1  a. 
Great  Tom  of  Lincoln,  bell,  X.  488,  2  c. 

Great  Tom  of  Oxford,  bell,  XII.  765,  2  a. 

“  Great  union'1’’  flag,  VII.  251,  1  b. 

Great  week,  the  (Holy  Week),  VIII.  776,  1  b. 
Greaves,  in  armor,  I.  731,  2  c. 

Greaves,  James  P .,  referred  to,  I.  266,  1  b. 
Greaves,  John,  mathematician,  VIII.  184. 
Grebe,  bird,  VIII.  184.  Crested  grebe,  2  c 
(ill.,  185).  Other  species,  185,  1  b. 

Grebos,  African  tribe,  X.  399,  1  a.  Grebo  dia¬ 
lect,  referred  to,  I.  171,  2  a. 

Grecian  architecture,  I.  654,  2  b.  Revival  of, 
665,  2  a. 

Grecian  lady,  bird,  V.  692,  2  b. 

Grecian  silk :  see  Milkweed,  XI.  546,  2  b. 
Grecian  temples,  architecture  of,  I.  654,  2  c. 
Greece,  VIII.  185.  Name,  1  a.  Ancient 
Greece,  1  ab.  (Map.)  Topography,  186, )1  b. 
Hydrography,  2  a.  Climate,  Ac.,  2  b.  In¬ 
habitants,  2  c.  History,  ib.  Heroic  age, 

187,  2  a.  Authentic  history  and  chronology, 

188,  1  a.  Rise  of  Sparta,  1  be ;  of  Athens, 
2  c.  Persian  invasions,  189,  1  c.  Battle  of 
Marathon,  2  ab.  Army  of  Xerxes,  2  c. 
Capture  and  burning  of  Athens,  190,  1  c. 
Battle  of  Salamis,  2  a ;  of  Platsea,  2  b.  Con¬ 
federacy  of  Delos,  2  c.  Athenian  supremacy, 
191,  1  a.  Peace  of  Cimon,  1  c.  Age  of 
Pericles,  2  a.  Peloponnesian  war,  2  b. 


Plague  of  Athens,  192,  1  c.  Peace  of  Ni- 
cias,  193,  1  b.  War  between  Athens  and 
Sparta,  1  c.  Sicilian  war,  2  a;  defeat  of 
the  Athenians,  194,  1  b.  Surrender  and 
dismantling  of  Athens,  195,  1  b.  Thirty 
tyrants,  1  be.  Spartan  supremacy,  2  ab. 
Peace  of  Antalcidas,  196,  1  c.  Theban  su¬ 
premacy,  197,  1  a.  Macedonian  period,  2  b. 
Sacred  war,  2  c.  Achaean  league,  200,  1  b. 
Greece  a  Roman  province,  201,  1  a :  see 
Achaia.  Christian  influence,  1  c.  Immi¬ 
gration  of  Slavs  and  other  races,  2  b.  Nor¬ 
man  conquests,  2  c.  Turkish  conquest,  202, 
la.  War  of  independence,  1  c.  Kingdom 
established,  2  c.  New  king  chosen,  203,  2  c. 
— Modern  Greece,  204,  1  c.  (Map.)  Pro¬ 
ductions,  2  b.  Commerce,  &c.,  205,  1  a. 
Government,  2  a.  Inhabitants,  206,  1  c 
(ill.).  Religion,  ib.  Education,  2  b. 

Greece,  Language  and  Literature  of,  VIII.  207. 
Origin  of  the  language,  and  its  relationships, 
1  a.  Its  three  chief  periods,  2  ab.  Classifica¬ 
tion  of  dialects,  2  b.  Common  dialect  (f  tcoivy 
AaAe/crof),  208,  1  b.  Macedonian  dialects, 
1  c.  The  later  (Romaic  or  modern)  Greek,  2c. 
Greek  alphabet,  209, 1  b.  Pronunciation,  2  c. 
Grammar,  210,  1  ab;  of  the  modern  popular 
language,  1  c.  Grammatical  and  lexical 
treatment,  2  be.  Greek  learning  in  Euro¬ 
pean  states,  211,  1  c. — Literature,  earliest 
monuments  of,  212,  1  ab.  Earliest  prose 
writers,  213,  1  ab.  Herodotus,  1  b.  The 
Greek  drama,  1  c.  Old,  middle,  and  new 
comedy,  2  c.  Prose  of  the  same  period,  214, 

1  b.  Alexandrian  age,  2  c.  Under  the 
eastern  empire,  215,  1  ab.  From  the  fall  of 
Constantinople,  2  c.  Literature  of  modern 
Greece,  216,  1  a. 

Greece,  Wines  of,  VIII.  216. 

Greek  architecture :  see  Grecian  architecture 
(Index). 

Greek  Church,  VIII.  217.  Grounds  of  sepa¬ 
ration  from  the  western  church,  2  a;  I.  131, 

2  a;  II.  518,  1  b.  Schism  fully  declared, 
VIII.  218,  1  a.  Organization  of  a  Greek 
United  church,  1  b.  Overture  of  Pius  IX. 
rejected  by  the  eastern  church,  2  a.  Early 
attempts  of  Protestants  for  friendly  relations 
with  it,  2  ab.  Recent  overtures  by  the  high 
church  party  in  England,  2  b.  Internal  his¬ 
tory,  2  c.  Doctrines,  219,  1  b.  Churches 
and  church  service,  2  be.  Orders  of  the 
clergy,  220, 1  b.  Monks  and  nuns,  1  c.  Con¬ 
vents,  ib.  Church  constitution,  ib.  Sects, 


358 


GREEK 


GREENWICH 


221. 1  b.  Extent  and  numbers,  1  c.  Its  doc¬ 
trine  of  the  sacrament,  X.  638,  2  c. 

Greek  empire  :  see  Byzantine  Empire. 

Greek  Fire,  VIII.  221. 

Greek  Mythology  :  see  Mythology. 

Greek  schism:  see  Greek  Church  (Index). 
Greek  United  church :  see  Greek  Church, 
VIII.  218,  1  be. 

Greeley,  two  counties,  VIII.  222. 

Greeley,  town  of  Colorado,  VIII.  222. 
Greeley,  Horace,  American  journalist,  VIII. 
222.  Founder  of  the  New  York  “  Tribune,” 

223. 1  c.  Member  of  congress,  2  ab.  Letter 
to  Seward,  224,  1  a.  Candidate  for  the 
presidency,  2  ab.  Works,  225,  1  a. 

Green,  color :  see  Light,  X.  440,  1  b,  ft.,  and 
Paints,  XII.  805,  2  ab. 

Green,  two  counties,  VIII.  225. 

Green,  Ashbel,  American  clergyman,  VIII.  225. 
Green,  Horace,  physician,  VIII.  225. 

Green,  Jacob,  author,  VIII.  225. 

Green,  Samuel,  printer,  VIII.  226. 

Green,  Seth,  fish  culturist,  VIII.  226;  VII. 
221,  1  c,  222,  1  a. 

Green,  William  Mercer,  bishop,  VIII.  226. 
Green  Bay,  Lake  Michigan,  VIII.  226. 

Green  Bay,  city  of  Wisconsin,  VIII.  226. 
Green-lone ,  fish,  II.  710,  2  b. 

Green'brier ,  plant,  XV.  113,  1  c  (ill.). 
Greenbrier,  county,  VIII.  226. 

Greenbush,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  227. 
Greencastle,  city  of  Indiana,  VIII.  227. 

Green  Cove  Springs ,  IV.  650,  2  c. 

Green  dragon ,  plant,  XVI.  422,  2  be. 

Greene,  name  of  fourteen  counties,  VIII.  227. 
Greene,  Christopher,  American  soldier,  VIII. 
228. 

Greene,  George  Washington,  author,  VIII.  229. 
Greene ,  James ,  his  barometer,  II.  326,  2  c; 
tripod  (ill.),  327,  1  a. 

Greene,  Nathanael,  soldier,  VIII.  229  ;  X.  303, 
1  be.  His  relations  to  Henry  Lee,  2  be. 
Greene,  Nathaniel,  author,  VIII.  230  (died 
1877).  Charles  Gordon,  journalist,  1  c. 
Greene,  Robert,  English  dramatist,  VIII.  230. 
Greeneville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  228,  1  b :  see 
239,  1  c  (incorrectly,  Greenville,  Tenn.). 
Greenfield,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VIII.  230. 
Greenfield,  county  seats,  V.  630,  2  a;  VIII. 
434,  2  c. 

Green  grease ,  from  coal  tar,  I.  548,  2  ab 
Green'heart,  tree,  VIII.  231. 

Greenhouse,  VIII.  231. 

Green  Island ,  near  Troy,  N.  Y.,  XVI.  11,  2  b. 


Green  Lake,  county,  VIII.  232. 

Greenland,  VIII.  232.  Physical  features,  1  c. 
Minerals,  233,  1  a.  Climate,  1  c.  Vegeta¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Sea  animals,  2  c ;  land,  234,  1  a. 
Population,  1  b.  Government,  1  c.  Trade, 
2  ab.  History,  2  b. 

Greenland  (Spitzbergen),  XV.  279,  2  a. 
Greenlanders,  VI.  729,  2  c. 

Green  laver,  sea  weed :  see  Oyster  Green. 
Green  layer,  of  plants,  XIII.  579,  2  a. 
Green'leaf,  Simon,  American  jurist,  VIII.  235. 
Creenlet,  bird:  see  Vireo. 

Green  mountain  boys,  I.  328,  2  c ;  XVI.  318,  2  a. 
Green  Mountains,  Vermont,  VIII.  235. 
Greenock,  town  of  Scotland,  VIII.  236  (view). 
Greenockite ,  ore,  III.  537,  2  c. 

Greenough,  Horatio  [green'-o],  American  sculp¬ 
tor,  VIII.  236. 

Green  park,  London,  X.  597,  1  b. 

Greenpoint'  (Brooklyn),  III.  317,  2  c,  318,  1  a. 
Green'port,  village  of  Long  Island,  VIII.  236. 
Green  River,  tributary  of  the  Ohio,  VIII.  237 ; 
of  the  Colorado,  1  b. 

Greenland,  in  geology,  VIII.  237 ;  V.  477, 
2  a.  Fossil  remains,  VIII.  237,  2  c,  238, 

1  be.  Value  as  a  fertilizer,  238,  1  a.  Con¬ 
stituents,  1  b.  Structure  of,  1  c.  In  pro¬ 
cess  of  production  in  deep  seas,  2  b. 

Greensboro,  town  of  Alabama,  VIII.  238. 
Greensborough,  county  seats,  IV.  506,  2  b ; 

VIII.  227,  2  c ;  308,  2  c. 

Greensburg,  county  seats,  V.  748,  1  b;  VIII. 

225,  1  b;  XVI.  569,  1  a. 

Greensburgh,  county  seat,  XIV.  531,  2  b. 

Green  sickness :  see  Chlorosis. 

Green  Snake:  see  Coluber,  V.  114,  2  b. 
Greenstone,  rock,  VIII.  238 ;  821,  1  c.  See 
Basalt,  and  Trap. 

Green-tail  fiy :  see  Mayfly,  XI.  302,  1  b. 
Greenup,  county,  VIII.  238. 

Greenupsburg,  county  seat,  VIII.  239,  1  a. 
Greenville,  two  counties,  VIII.  239. 
Greenville,  city  of  South  Carolina,  VIII.  239. 

Town  of  Tennessee  (prop.  Greeneville),  1  c. 
Greenville ,  county  seats,  III.  56,  2  b;  488,  2  a; 
V.  689,  1  c ;  IX.  68,  1  ab ;  XI.  409,  1  c  ;  XII. 
27,  2  c;  XIII.  551,  1  c;  XVI.  474,  2  a;  520, 

2  a. 

Greenville,  Sir  Richard:  see  Grenville. 
Green  Vitriol  :  see  Copperas,  and  IX.  366, 1  b. 
Green  weed:  see  Woodwaxen. 

Greenwich  [green'-ich],  town  of  Connecticut, 
VIII.  239. 

Greenwich  [grin'-ij],  town  of  England,  XIII. 


GREENWOOD 


GRETCH 


359 


239.  Greenwich  hospital,  2  b  (ill.,  240); 
origin  of,  XI.  220,  1  c.  Greenwich  obser¬ 
vatory,  XIII.  240,  2  a;  VII.  258,  1  c;  XII. 
566,  2  a. 

Greenwood,  two  counties,  VIII.  240. 
Greenwood,  county  seats,  IV.  313,  1  c ;  XIV. 
742,  2  c. 

Greenwood,  Francis  William  Pitt,  American 
clergyman,  VIII.  240. 

Greenwood ,  Grace :  see  Lippincott,  Sara  Jane. 
Greenwood  cemetery ,  Brooklyn,  III.  319,  2  c. 

Main  entrance,  ib.  (ill.,  320). 

Greenwood  Centre ,  county  seat,  V.  494,  1  a. 
Greer,  county,  VIII.  241. 

Greg,  William  Rathbone,  English  author,  VIII. 

241.  On  political  economy,  XIII.  670,  2  c. 
Gregari'na,  genus  of  protozoa,  VIII.  241.  G. 
gigantea,  1  c. 

Gregg ,  clerk  of  Harley,  his  secret  correspon¬ 
dence  with  the  French  court,  VIII.  464,  1  b. 
Gregoire,  Henri  [gra-gwar],  French  revolu¬ 
tionist,  VIII.  241. 

Gregorian  Armenian  church ,  XIV.  485,  2  a. 
Gregorian  calendar ,  III.  579,  2  a. 

Gregorian  Chant,  VIII.  242 ;  XII.  88,  1  a. 

Its  introduction  into  England,  II.  519,  1  a. 
Gregorius ,  Georgius  Florentius :  see  Gregory 
or  Tours. 

Gregorovius,  Ferdinand  [gra-go-ro'-ve-oos], 
German  author,  VIII.  242. 

Gregory,  county,  VIII.  242. 

Gregory,  name  of  sixteen  popes,  VIII.  242. 
I.,  Saint  (the  Great),  2  a.  II.,  Saint,  243, 
1  b.  III.,  1  c.  IV.,  2  a;  X.  651,  1  a.  V., 
Bruno,  VIII.  243,  2  ab.  VI.,  John  Gratia- 
nus,  2  b.  VII.,  Hildebrand,  Saint,  2  b :  see 
Henry  IV.  (of  Germany).  His  enforcement 
of  clerical  celibacy,  244,  1  ab;  IV.  172,  1  a. 
His  influence  over  Pope  Alexander  II.,  I. 
279,  1  b.  VIII.,  Alberto  de  Mora,  VIII. 
244,  2  be.  IX.,  Ugolino,  ib.  His  five  books 
of  decretals,  III.  719,  1  b.  His  struggle  with 
Frederick  II.  of  Germany,  VII.  452,  1  a. 
X.,  Tebaldo  Visconti,  VIII.  244,  2  c;  V. 
204,  1  a.  XI.,  Pierre  Roger,  VIII.  244,  2  c. 
His  opposition  to  Wycliffe,  XVI.  747,  1  c. 
XII.,  Angelo  Corario,  VIII.  245,  1  a:  see 
Constance,  Council  of.  XIII.,  Ugo  Buon- 
compagni,  ib.  Decretum  Gratiani  published 
in  bis  pontificate,  1  ab ;  III.  719,  1  b.  Refor¬ 
mation  of  the  calendar  by  him,  III.  579,  2  a. 

XIV. ,  Nicolb  Sfondrati,  VIII.  245,  1  b. 

XV. ,  Alessandro  Ludovisio,  ib.  XVI.,  Bar¬ 
tolommeo  Alberto  Capellari,  ib.  Visit  to 


him  of  the  czar  Nicholas,  2  be ;  referred  to, 
XII.  430,  2  b. 

Gregory  VIII.,  antipope :  see  Bourdin,  and 
VIII.  659,  2  b. 

Gregory,  James,  Scottish  astronomer,  VIII. 
245.  His  reflecting  telescope,  2  c  ;  XV.  624, 
2  be.  David,  mathematician,  VIII.  246,  1  a. 
John,  physician,  1  b. 

Gregory,  Olinthus  Gilbert,  English  mathema¬ 
tician,  VIII.  246. 

Gregory  the  Illuminator,  saint,  VIII.  246. 

Gregory  Nazianzen,  saint  and  doctor  of  the 
church,  VIII.  246.  Reputed  author  of  a 
miracle  play,  XI.  626,  1  b. 

Gregory  of  Neo- Caesarea :  see  Gregory  Thau- 
maturgus. 

Gregory  of  Nyssa,  saint  and  father  of  the 
church,  VIII.  247. 

Gregory  Tiiaumatuegus,  saint,  VIII.  247. 

Gregory  of  Tours,  saint,  VIII.  247. 

Greifswald,  or  Greifswalde  [grifes'-valt,  -val- 
deh],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  248. 

Greiner,  John  [gri'-ner],  American  journalist, 
VIII.  248. 

Greiz  [grites],  town  of  Germany,  VIII.  248. 

Grellet',  Stephen,  American  Quaker  mission¬ 
ary,  VIII.  248. 

Grenada  [gren-a'-da],  West  Indian  island, 
VIII.  248. 

Grenada,  county,  VIII.  249. 

Grenada,  county  seat,  VIII.  249,  1  a. 

Grenadiers :  see  Army,  I.  747,  2  be. 

Grenadines  [gren-a-deens'J,  group  of  islands, 
VIII.  248,  2  c. 

Grenelle  well,  artesian,  I.  775,  2  a. 

Grenoble  [gruh-nub’l],  city  of  France,  VIII. 
249  (view). 

Grenville,  county,  VIII.  249. 

Grenville,  George,  English  statesman,  VIII. 
249 ;  VII.  707,  1  c,  2  a. 

Grenville,  Richard :  see  Temple,  Earl. 

Grenville,  Sir  Richard,  English  naval  officer, 
VIII.  249. 

“  Grenville  Papers ,”  XV.  636,  1  b. 

Gresh'am,  Sir  Thomas,  merchant,  VIII.  250. 

Gresham  college ,  VIII.  250,  lb;  V.  58,  1  be. 

Greslon,  Adrien  [gra-longJ,  French  missionary, 
VIII.  250. 

Gresset,  Jean  Baptiste  Louis  [gra-sa],  French 
author,  VIII.  250. 

Greswell,  Edward,  English  ecclesiastical 
writer,  VIII.  250. 

Greta  Hall ,  residence  of  Southey,  IX.  815,  1  a. 

Gretch,  Nikolai,  Russian  author,  VIII.  250. 


360 


GRETNA 


GROAT 


Gretna  Green,  village  of  Scotland,  VIII.  250. 
Gretna  Green  marriage,  ib. 

Gretry,  Andr6  Ernest  Modeste  [gra-tre], French 
composer,  VIII.  251. 

Greuze,  Jean  Baptiste  [griihz],  French  painter, 
VIII.  251. 

Greville,  Sir  Fulke  [grev'-il],  Lord  Brooke, 
English  author  and  statesman,  VIII.  251. 

Grevy,  Francois  Paul  Jules  [gra-ve],  French 
politician,  VIII.  251. 

Grew,  Nehemiah,  English  physician,  VIII.  251. 
His  influence  on  the  advancement  of  botani¬ 
cal  science,  III.  132,  2  a,  b. 

Grey,  county  of  Canada,  VIII.  251. 

Grey,  Charles,  earl,  English  statesman,  VIII. 
252.  Henry  George,  earl,  statesman,  2  a. 

Grey,  Sir  George,  English  author,  VIII.  252. 

Grey,  Lady  Jane,  VIII.  252.  See  Mary  I., 
XI.  219,  1  a,  b,  be. 

Greyerz  [grl'-erts] :  see  Gruyeee. 

Grey'hound,  VIII.  253;  III.  426,  1  a.  Per¬ 
sian,  VIII.  254,  1  a  (ill.,  253) ;  Russian,  ib ., 
and  II.  737,  1  c ;  English,  VIII.  254,  1  c 
(ill.).  Other  varieties,  254. 

Greytown:  see  San  Juan  de  Nicaragua. 

Gribeauval,  Jean  Baptiste  Vaquette  de  [gre- 
bo-val],  artillerist,  VIII.  254 ;  I.  787,  2  c. 

Gridley,  Jeremy,  American  lawyer,  VIII.  254. 
Defence  of  the  “  writs  of  assistance,”  2  ab. 
Richard,  soldier,  2  b. 

Griesbach,  Johann  Jakob  [greece'-bakh],  Ger¬ 
man  Biblical  critic,  VIII.  254. 

Griesinger  [gre'-zing-er],  (Wilhelm,  lS^-’GS), 
classification  of  insanity  by,  IX.  302,  2  ab. 

Griffin,  fabulous  monster,  VIII.  254. 

Griffin ,  county  seat,  XV.  225,  2  b. 

Griffin,  Edward  Dorr,  American  clergyman, 
VIII.  255. 

Griffin,  Gerald,  Irish  novelist,  VIII.  255. 

Griffin's  gas  furnace,  VII.  542,  2  be  (ills.). 

Griffin  City,  town  of  Georgia,  VIII.  255. 

Griffith,  William,  English  physician,  VIII.  255. 

Griffon ,  bird  of  prey,  XVI.  413,  1  a  (ill.,  412). 

Grijalva,  Juan  de  [gre-khal'-va],  Spanish  navi¬ 
gator,  VIII.  255  ;  I.  371,  2  b. 

Grillo ,  Marchioness  del :  see  Ristori. 

Grillparzer,  Franz  [griT-par-tser],  German 
dramatist,  VIII.  255. 

Grilse ,  young  salmon,  XIV.  568,  2  a;  569,  1  c. 

Grimaldi  [gre-mal'-de],  Genoese  patrician  fam¬ 
ily,  VIII.  255.  Ranieri  II.,  256,  1  a.  Carlo 
II.,  the  Great,  1  ab.  Antonio,  admiral,  1  b. 
Giovanni,  ib.  Domenico,  naval  commander 
and  cardinal,  1  be.  Geronimo,  cardinal,  ib. 


Grimaldi  (Francesco  Maria,  1618-63,  Jesuit, 
mathematician,  and  physicist,  of  Bologna), 
his  experiments  on  light,  X.  442,  1  c,  ft. 
Grimes,  county,  VIII.  256.  t 
Grimes,  James  Wilson,  American  statesman, 
VIII.  256. 

Grim'ke,  Thomas  Smith,  American  lawyer, 
VIII.  256.  Frederick,  jurist  and  author, 
2  c.  Sarah  Moore,  anti-slavery  lecturer  and 
advocate  of  woman's  rights,  ib.  Angelina, 
ib. :  see  Weld. 

Grimm,  Friedrich  Melchior,  baron,  French 
critic,  VIII.  257. 

Grimm,  Jakob  Ludwig,  German  philologist, 
VIII.  257.  Wilhelm  Karl,  philologist,  258, 
1  a.  Ludwig  Emil,  painter  and  engraver, 

1  be.  Hermann  Friedrich,  author,  1  c. 
Grimma,  town  of  Saxony,  VIII.  258. 

Grimm's  law ,  in  linguistic  science,  VII.  741, 

2  be. 

Grimoard ,  Guillaume  de  [gre-mo-ar],  (Pope 
Urban  V.),  XVI.  221,  2  b. 

Grindal,  Edmund,  English  prelate,  VIII.  258. 
Grindelwald  [grin'-del-valt],  village  of  Switz- 
erland,  VIII.  258. 

Grindstone  grit :  see  Millstone  Grit. 
Grinnell',  town  of  Iowa,  VIII.  259. 

Grinnell ,  Henry ,  American  merchant,  en¬ 
couragement  of  arctic  exploration  by,  IX. 
742,  2  be ;  I.  674,  2  b. 

Grinnell  Land,  Arctic  ocean,  VIII.  259. 
Griotte  marble  [gre-iit],  III.  660,  1  b. 
Griqualand  [gre'-kwa-land],  S.  Africa,  VI.  74, 
1  c.  (Now  province  of  Griqualand  West.) 
Griquas,  African  race,  VIII.  259 ;  III.  547,  1  b. 
Griqua  Town ,  VIII.  259,  1  c. 

Grisar,  Albert  [gre-zar],  French  composer, 
VIII.  259. 

Griscom,  John,  American  educator,  VIII.  259. 

John  Hoskins,  physician,  2  c. 

GniSEBAcn,  August  Heinrich  Rudolf  [gre'-zeh- 
bakh],  German  botanist,  VIII.  260. 

Grisi,  Giulia  [gre'-ze],  Italian  singer,  VIII.  260. 
Grisons  [gre-zong],  Swiss  canton,  VIII.  260. 
Gms'sEn,  or  Grissee,  town  of  Java,  VIII.  261. 
Griswold,  Alexander  Viets,  American  bishop, 
VIII.  261. 

Griswold,  Rufus  Wilmot,  author,  VIII.  261. 
Grit  rock :  see  Millstone  Grit. 

Grits:  see  Oat,  XII.  561,  1  b.  Wheaten, 
XVI.  588,  2  b. 

Grit'ti,  Andrea,  doge  of  Venice,  VIII.  261. 

Luigi,  adventurer,  2  c. 

Groat  [grawt],  coin,  VIII.  262. 


GROATS 


GRUBER 


361 


Groats  [grawts],  XII.  561,  1  b  (Oat). 

Grodno,  government  of  Russia,  VIII.  262. 
Capital  city,  1  b.  Diet  of  Grodno,  I.  528,  1  b. 

Gromwell ,  weed,  XVI.  587,  1  c. 

Groningen  [gro'-ning-en],  province  of  the 
Netherlands,  VIII.  262.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Grono'vius,  German  family  in  Holland,  VIII. 
262.  John  Frederick,  classical  editor,  2  ab. 
Jacobus,  scholar,  2  b.  Abraham,  physician 
and  classical  editor,  2  c.  John  Frederick, 
jurist  and  botanist,  ib.  Laurentius  Theo- 
dorus,  naturalist,  ib. 

Groot  [grote],  coin,  VIII.  262,  1  a. 

Groot,  Gerhard  (Gerard  the  Great),  founder 
of  the  congregation  of  “  Brethren  and  Clerks 
of  the  Common  Life,”  VIII.  263. 

Gros,  Antoine  Jean,  baron  [gro],  French  paint¬ 
er,  VIII.  263. 

Gros,  Jean  Baptiste  Louis,  baron,  French  di¬ 
plomatist,  VIII.  263. 

Grosbeak  [groce'-beek],  bird,  VIII.  263.  Pine 
grosbeak,  2  c ;  evening,  264,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  rose¬ 
breasted,  &c.,  2  a,  ff.  Cardinal  grosbeak : 
see  Cardinal  Bird. 

Groschen  [gro'-shen],  coin,  VIII.  262,  1  a. 

Grose,  Francis,  English  antiquary,  VIII.  264. 

Groseilliers,  Medard  Cliouart  de  [gro-za-lya], 
French  explorer,  VIII.  264. 

Gross,  Samuel  D.,  American  surgeon,  VIII.  265. 

Gross  Almerode  [groce  al-meh-ro'-deh],  (town 
of  Hesse-Cassel),  clay  of,  IV.  649,  2  c. 

Grosse,  Julius  Waldemar  [gro'-seh],  German 
poet,  VIII.  265. 

Grosse  Susanna ,  church  bell,  VI.  707,  2  c. 

Grossenhain  [gro'-sen-hine],  town  of  Saxony, 
VIII.  265. 

Grosseteste,  Robert  [groce'-test],  British  theo¬ 
logian,  VIII.  265  ;  II.  207,  1  a.  His  opinion 
of  the  mendicant  orders,  XI.  730,  2  a. 

Grosseto  [gros-sa'-to],  province  of  Italy,  VIII. 
266.  Capital  town,  1  c. 

Gross-Glogau  :  see  Glogau. 

Grosswardein  [groce'-var-dine],  town  of  Hun¬ 
gary,  VIII.  266. 

Grosvenor  club  [gro'-ven-or],  London,  X.  608, 1  c. 

Grosvenor  square ,  London,  X.  596,  1  c;  619, 
2  b. 

Gros  Ventres  [Fr.,  gro  vangtr’],  Indian  tribes, 
VIII.  266  ;  XI.  612,  2  a. 

Grote,  George,  English  historian,  VIII.  267. 
His  view  of  the  Trojan  war,  779,  2  b,  781, 
1  b ;  of  the  sophists,  XI.  808,  2  a. 

Grotefend,  Georg  Friedrich  [gro'-teh-fent], 
German  philologist,  VIII.  267.  His  attempts 


to  decipher  the  cuneiform  inscriptions,  V. 
571,  2  c. 

Grotius,  Hugo,  Dutch  jurist,  VIII.  267.  On 
international  law,  X.  222,  2  a,  b,  fF.  Im¬ 
prisoned  for  advocating  religious  toleration, 
VIII.  268,  1  ab  ;  I.  728,  1  c ;  XII.  248,  1  b- 
c.  The  reading  of  his  “  Apology  ”  forbidden 
on  pain  of  death,  VIII.  268,  1  c.  Ethics  of, 
XI.  811,  2  b. — Willem,  lawyer  and  author, 
VIII.  269,  1  a. 

Groton  [graw'-tun],  town  of  Massachusetts, 
VIII.  269.  Town  of  Connecticut,  1  b. 

Grotta  del  Cane  [ka'-na],  near  Naples,  I.  188, 
1  c;  III.  774,  1  b  ;  VIII.  269,  1  c. 

Grotto,  VIII.  269.  Of  Antiparos,  I.  569,  2  a. 

Grouchy,  Emmanuel,  marquis  de  [groo-she], 
French  general,  VIII.  269.  See  Waterloo, 
XVI.  505,  2  a,  be,  c;  506,  2  c. 

Ground ,  laying  the ,  in  mezzotint  engraving, 
VI.  653,  1  a.  Bursting  ground,  in  aquatint 
engraving,  1  c. 

Ground  hemlock  (American  yew),  XVI.  785, 1  a. 

Ground  Hog  :  see  Woodchuck. 

Ground  laurel  (trailing  arbutus),  I.  640,  1  b. 

GroundNut:  see  Peanut. 

Ground  Pine  :  see  Horsetail,  VIII.  832,  1  c. 

Ground  pine :  see  Lycopodium,  X.  744,  2  be. 

Ground  robin:  see  Chewink. 

Groundsel,  plant,  VIII.  270. 

Ground  Squirrel  :  see  Chipmunk. 

Grouse,  bird,  VIII.  270.  Wood  grouse  or 
capercailzie,  2  ab.  Canada  grouse,  2  c. 
Pheasant-tailed  grouse,  or  cock  of  the  plains, 
271,  1  ab  (ill.).  Pinnated  grouse,  2  b  (ill.). 
Ruffed  grouse,  2  c.  Banded  sand  grouse,  272, 
1  c  (ill.).  See  Blackcock,  and  Ptarmigan. 

Grousset,  Paschal  [groo-sa],  French  commu¬ 
nist,  VIII.  272 ;  V.  164,  1  a. 

Grouthead ,  Robert:  see  Grosseteste. 

Grove,  Sir  William  Robert,  English  physicist, 
VIII.  272.  His  battery,  273,  1  a;  VII.  591, 
1  b  (ill.).  His  views  on  the  correlation  of 
forces,  V.  379,  1  ab. 

Groveton  :  see  Bull  Run,  III.  431,  2  c. 

Growing  point,  in  plants,  XIII.  576,  1  c. 

Growler ,  fish,  II.  369,  1  c. 

Growling ,  cry  of  the  buck,  VII.  75,  2  a. 

Grubenlieimer  [groo'-ben-hl-mer],  nickname  of 
the  Bohemian  Brethren,  II.  787,  1  a. 

Grubenmann ,  Johann  TJlrich ,  Swiss  bridge 
builder,  III.  272,  2  b. 

Gruber,  Johann  Gottfried  [groo'-ber],  German 
cyclopaBdist,  VIII.  273.  See  Erscii,  VI.  719, 
1  c,  and  Cyclopaedia,  V.  610,  2  a. 


362 


GRUDZINSKA 


GUARANTY 


GrudzimTca,  Countess  Johanna  [grood-zin'-ska], 
Y.  273,  2  c ;  274,  1  a. 

Grun,  Anastasius :  see  Aueesperg,  A.  A. 
Grun'beeg,  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  273. 
Grundtvig,  Nicolai  Frederik  Several  [groont'- 
vig],  Danish  writer,  VIII.  273. 

Grun'dy,  four  counties,  VIII.  273. 

Grundy,  Felix,  American  statesman,  VIII.  274. 
Grundy  Centre ,  county  seat,  VIII.  273,  2  c. 
Grunee,  Wilhelm  Heinrich  Ludwig  [groo'-ner], 
German  engraver,  VIII.  274. 

Grunter ,  fish,  VIII.  334,  2  c;  335,  2  ab. 
Grunting ,  cry  of  the  buck,  VII.  75,  2  a. 

Grus  (ornithology),  V.  457,  2  be.  G.  cinereus, 
2  c.  G.  Americanus,  ib.  (ill.,  458).  G.  Cana¬ 
densis,  458,  1  b. 

Grutli,  cradle  of  Swiss  liberty,  VIII.  274. 
Gruyere,  or  Gruyeres  [grii-yair],  village  of 
Switzerland,  VIII.  274.  Gruyere  cheese, 
IV.  352,  1  ab. 

Grylli ,  in  gems,  VII.  663,  2  c. 

Gryllotalpa  (entomology),  XI.  707,  1  b.  G. 
vulgaris,  ib.  G.  borealis,  2  b  (ill.).  G.  di- 
dactyla,  ib. 

Gryphius,  Andreas  [gre'-fe-oos],  German  poet, 
VIII.  274. 

Grypi'nce  (ornithology),  IX.  50,  1  b. 

Gryps ,  mythical  people,  IX.  135,  1  ab. 

Grypus  (ornithology),  referred  to,  IX.  50,  2  a. 
Gry stole  [grice'-bok],  antelope,  I.  545,  2  a. 
Grys'tes  (ichthyology),  II.  367,  2  c.  G.  nigri¬ 
cans,  368,  2  a  (ill.).  G.  megastoma,  2  b. 
G.  salmonoeides,  369,  1  c. 

Guacharo  [gwa'-cha-ro],  bird,  VIII.  274  (ill.). 
Cave  of  Guacharo,  2  c. 

Guaco  [gwa'-ko  or  wa'-ko*],  name  of  several 
plants,  antidotes  for  snake  bites,  VIII.  275. 
Guadalajara  [gwa-£Aa-la-kha'-ra],  city  of  Mex¬ 
ico,  VIII.  275  (ill.). 

Guadalajara,  province  of  Spain,  VIII.  275, 
Capital  city,  2  c. 

Guadalquivir  [gwa-^Aal-ke-veer'],  river  of 
Spain,  VIII.  275. 

Guadalupe  [gaw-da-loop' ;  Sp.  gwa-^a-loo- 
pa],  river  of  Texas,  VIII.  276. 

Guadalupe,  county,  VIII.  276. 

Guadalupe,  or  Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  town  of 
Mexico,  VIII.  276. 

Guadeloupe  [Fr.  gwad-loop],  West  Indian  isl¬ 
and,  VIII.  276. 

*  In  the  initial  syllable  Gua  Spaniards  pronounce  the  G 
either  very  slightly  or  not  at  all ;  and  in  writing  they  often 
substitute  H,  which  is  always  silent.  In  English  pronunciation 
of  familiar  names,  Gua  is  usually  sounded  gaw  ;  as  gaw-dal- 
quiv'-er  for  Guadalquivir;  gaw-te-maw'-la  for  Guatemala. 


Guadiana  [gwa-^e-a'-na],  river  of  Spain,  VIII. 
276. 

Guadix  [gwa-^eekli'],  city,  VIII.  276. 

Guahan  [gwa-an'J,  island,  Ladrones,  VIII.  276. 
Guaiac  in  tears  [gwa'-yak],  resinous  substance, 
VIII.  277,  1  c. 

Guaiacum  [gwa'-ya-kum  or  ghi'-a-kum],  tree, 
and  its  resin  and  wood,  VIII.  277.  G.  offi¬ 
cinale,  1  a  (ill.).  G.  sanctum,  1  c. 
GuAicuRfrs  [gwi-koo-roos'],  Brazilian  Indians, 
VIII.  277. 

Gualberto,  Giovanni ,  Saint  [gwal-bair'-to], 
founder  of  the  abbey  of  Vallombrosa,  XVI. 
249,  2  c ;  XI.  730,  1  ab  (Gualbert). 
Gualeyguay  [gwa-la-gwl'],  river  of  the  Argen¬ 
tine  Republic,  VIII.  277.  Town,  278,  1  a. 
GuALEYGUAYCiifr  [-choo'J,  city,  VIII.  278. 
Gualior :  see  Gwalior. 

Guam  [gwam] :  see  Guaiian. 

Guamanga:  see  Ayacucho,  II.  168,  1  b. 

Guan,  bird,  VIII.  278.  Crested  guan,  1  c  (ill.). 
Guanabaco'a,  town  of  Cuba,  VIII.  278. 
Guanacaciie  [gwa-na-ka'-cha],  lake,  Argentine 
Republic,  VIII.  278. 

Guanacaste  [gwa-na-kas'-ta],  province,  Cen¬ 
tral  America,  VIII.  278. 

Guanaco  [gwa'-na-ko] :  see  Llama,  X.  553,  1  a. 
Guanahani  [gwa-na-a'-ne] :  see  San  Salvador, 
XIV.  611,  2  ab. 

Guanaja  [gwa-na'-kha] ;  see  Bonacca. 
Guanajuato  [-khwa'-to],  state  of  Mexico,  VIII. 
279.  Capital  city,  2  b.  Cathedral  of  (ill.). 
Battle  and  massacre  of,  I.  310,  1  c. 

Guanare  [-na'-ra],  city  of  Venezuela,  VIII.  280. 
Guancabelica  :  see  IIuancavelioa. 

Guanciies,  aborigines  of  the  Canaries,  VIII.  280. 
Guano  [gwa'-no],  town  of  Ecuador,  VIII.  280. 
Guano,  fertilizer,  VIII.  280.  Deposits  of,  2  a. 
Trade  in,  2  b.  Composition  of,  281,  1  b. 
Discovery  of  new  localities,  282,  1  c.  Com¬ 
position  of  the  deposits,  2  a.  Guano  rock, 
2  b.  “Native  guano,”  XIV.  796,  2  a;  798,1c. 
Guapey  [gwa'-pa],  river :  see  Rio  Grande. 
Guarana  [gwa-ra-na/],  a  paste,  in  diet  and 
medicine,  VIII.  283. 

Guaranis  [gwa-ra-nees'J :  see  Tupf- GuaranIs, 
and  Brazil,  III.  217,  1  b. 

Guarantee  commission :  see  Factor,  VII.  55, 1  c. 
Guaranty  [gar'-an-te],  in  law,  VIII.  283. 
Duties  and  rights  of  a  guarantor,  2  b.  Duties 
of  the  guarantee,  284,  1  a.  Consideration 
required,  1  c.  Enforcement  by  the  courts, 
2  ab.  Acceptance  of,  in  law,  285,  1  b. 
Limitations  of,  2  b.  Protection  of  the  guaiv 


GUARATINGUETA 


guggenb^hl 


363 


antor,  2  be.  Official  guaranties,  286,  1  be. 
Revocation  of  guaranty,  1  c. 
Guaratingueta  [gwa-ra-teen*-ga'-ta],  town  of 
Brazil,  YIII.  286. 

Guarayos ,  Bolivian  race,  III.  10,  2  b. 

Guard,  National,  of  France,  YIII.  286. 
Guardant  [gar-dang],  in  heraldry,  YIII.  673, 1  b. 
Guardian  [gar'-de-an],  in  law,  YIII.  286. 
Guards ’  club ,  London,  X.  607,  2  c. 

Guarini,  Giovanni  Battista  [gwa-re'-ne],  Italian 
poet,  YIII.  287. 

Guarneri  [gwar-na'-re],  family  of  violin 
makers,  YIII.  288 :  see  Yiolin,  XYI.  365, 

1  ab  ;  alluded  to,  II.  559, 1  a.  Andrea,  YIII. 
288,  1  a.  Giuseppe,  1  ab.  Pietro,  1  b. 
Giuseppe  Antonio  (Guarneri  del  Gesii),  ib. 
Pietro,  referred  to,  1  c. 

Guarnerius :  see  Guarneri. 

Guastalla  [gwas-tal'-la],  town  of  Italy,  YIII. 
288.  Duchy,  2  a. 

Guatemala  [gaw-te-maw'-la  ;  Sp.  gwa-ta-ma/- 
la],  republic  of  Central  America,  YIII.  288. 
(Map.)  History,  290,  2  a.  Guatemala  la 
Nueva,  capital  city,  2  c.  Guatemala  la  An¬ 
tigua,  city,  292,  1  ab  (view,  291). 
Guatemozin  [gwa-ta-mo-seen'J,  Aztec  emperor, 
YIII.  292.  His  execution,  2  b ;  Y.  386,  2  ab. 
Guatusos  [gwa-too'-soce],  tribe  of  Indians, 
Nicaragua,  YIII.  292. 

Guava  [gwa'-va],  tree  and  its  fruit,  YIII.  292. 

Cattley’s  guava,  293,  1  be  (ill.). 

Guaxaca  [gwa-kha/-ka] :  see  Oajaca. 

Guay  ana  [-ya'-na] :  see  Guiana,  and  Y  enezuela. 
GuAYAPE[-ya'-pa],  river  of  Honduras,  YIII.  293. 
Guayaquil  [gwa-ya-keel'J,  city  of  Ecuador, 
YIII.  293.  Cathedral  (ill.). 

Guayaquil,  river  of  Ecuador,  YIII.  294. 
Guayas  [-yass'J,  province  of  Ecuador,  YIII.  294. 
Guaymas  [gwF-mass],  town  of  Mexico,  YIII. 
294. 

Guayrd  [gwi-ra/],  cataract  of,  XIII.  72,  1  b. 
Guazah ,  dried  Indian  hemp,  YIII.  633,  1  a. 
Guazupuco  deer ,  Y.  758,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Guazuti  deer  [gwa-soo'-te],  Y.  758,  2  b. 

Gubbio  [goob'-be-o],  town  of  Italy,  YIII.  294. 
Guben  [goo'-ben],  town  of  Prussia,  YIII.  294. 
Gubitz,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [goo'-bits],  German 
author,  YIII.  294. 

Gudgeon,  fish,  YIII.  294  (ill.,  295). 

Gudin,  Jean  Antoine  Theodore  [gu-dang],  French 
painter,  YIII.  295. 

Gudmarson ,  Ulpho :  see  Brigida. 

Gudule,  Saint ,  church  of  in  Brussels,  III.  367, 

2  c  (ill.). 


Guebres  [ghe'-berz],  disciples  of  Zoroaster, 

VIII.  295  (ill.);  XIII.  320,  1  b.  See  Baku, 
II.  230,  1  c,  2  b.  Religion  of:  see  Zend- 
avesta,  and  Zoroaster. 

Guebwiller:  see  Gebweiler. 

Guecubu  [ga-koo-boo'],  Araucanian  god,  I.  634, 
2  be. 

Gueira  [ga'-e-ra],  Portuguese  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 
Guelderland  :  see  Gelderland. 

Guelder  Rose,  shrub,  YIII.  295  (ill.,  296). 
Guelma ,  Roman  fort,  Algeria,  I.  305,  1  b. 
Guelph  [gwelf],  town  of  Canada,  YIII.  296. 
Guelphs  and  Ghibellines  [gwelfs,  ghe'-bel- 
leenz],  Italian  and  German  factions,  YIII. 
296 ;  Y.  670,  2  b ;  VII.  277,  1  c,  676,  2  c ; 

IX.  450, 1  b.  Origin  of  the  struggle  between 
them,  YIII.  762,  1  a. 

GuelpMc  order  of  Hanover,  YIII.  297,  1  c. 
Guenon:  see  Monkey,  XI.  752,  2  ab. 

Guepard  :  see  Leopard,  X.  355,  1  a. 
Guerande  [ga-rangd],  town  of  France,  YIII.  297. 
Guerazzi:  see  Guerrazzi. 

Guercino  [gwair-che'-no],  Italian  painter, 
YIII.  297. 

Gueret  [ga-ra],  town  of  France,  YIII.  297. 
Guericke,  Heinrich  Ernst  Ferdinand  [ga'-rik- 
keh],  German  theologian,  YIII.  297. 
Guericke,  Otto  von,  German  natural  philoso¬ 
pher,  YIII.  298.  His  air  pump,  I.  219,  1  a, 
2  be.  His  gigantic  barometer,  II.  326,  1  c. 
Guerin,  Jean  Baptiste  Paulin  [ga-r&ng],  French 
painter,  YIII.  298. 

Guerin ,  Pierre ,  mystic,  IX.  193,  1  be. 
Guerin-Meneville,  Felix  Ldouard  [-main- 
veel],  French  naturalist,  YIII.  298. 

Guerinets  [ga-re-na],  sect,  IX.  193,  1  c. 
Guernsey  [gurn'-ze],  Channel  island,  YIII. 

298;  IY.  261,  2  c. 

Guernsey,  county,  YIII.  298. 

Gueroult,  Adolphe  [ga-roo],  French  journal¬ 
ist,  YIII.  298. 

Guerrazzi,  Francesco  Domenico  [gwair-rat;- 
se],  Italian  author,  YIII.  299. 

Guerrero  [gair-ra'-ro],  state  of  Mexico,  YIII. 

299.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Guerrero,  Vicente,  president,  YIII.  299. 
Guesclin  :  see  Du  Guesclin. 

Guess,  George,  inventor  of  the  Cherokee  alpha¬ 
bet,  YIII.  300. 

Guettee,  Wladimir  [ghet-ta],  French  historian, 
YIII.  300. 

Gueux  [guh],  league  of  the,  YI.  453,  1  ab ; 
YIII.  818,  2  c. 

Guggenbuiil,  Louis  [goog'-gen-buhl],  Swiss 


364 


GUIANA 


GUISE 


philanthropist,  VIII.  300.  Asylum  for  cre¬ 
tins,  ib. ;  V.  478,  2a;  I.  20,  1  c. 

Guiana  [ghe-an'-a],  territory  of  South  Ameri¬ 
ca,  VIII.  300.  British  Guiana,  302,  1  b. 
Dutch  Guiana,  303,  1  a.  French  Guiana,  1  c. 
Guibert  [ghe-bair],  antipope  (Clement  III.), 
IV.  660,  2  c. 

Guibray  [ghe-bra],  fair  of,  VII.  59, 1  ab  ;  66,  2  c. 
Guicciardini,  Francesco  [gweet-char-de'-ne], 
Italian  historian,  VIII.  303 ;  IX.  462,  1  ab. 
Guiccioli,  Teresa,  countess  [gweet'-cho-le], 
VIII.  303.  See  Byron,  III.  510,  2  c-511, 
2  c;  Boissy,  marquis  de,  II.  797,  1  c. 
Guicowar  [ghi'-ko-war],  Dominion  of  the, 
VIII.  303.  See  Baroda,  and  Guzerat, 
VIII.  348,  2  a. 

Guidi ,  Guido  [gwe'-de] :  see  Vidius. 

Guidi,  Tommaso :  see  Masaccio. 

Guido  Aretino  :  see  Aretino,  and  Music,  XII. 
76,  2  b,  77,  1  a. 

Guido  of  Burgundy  (Pope  Calixtus  II.),  III. 
618,  2  a. 

Guidon ,  Le  [lull  ghe-dong],  X.  219,  2  b  (Law 
Merchant). 

Guido  Reni  [gwe'-do  ra'-ne],  Italian  painter, 
VIII.  304.  Supposed  portrait  of  Beatrice 
Cenci  by  him,  IV.  189, 1  ab. 

Guienne  [ghe-en],  old  province  of  France, VIII. 

304. 

Guignes,  Joseph  de  [duh  gheeny’],  French  ori¬ 
entalist,  VIII.  304.  Chrdtien  Louis  Joseph, 
sinologist,  1  c. 

Guikwad  [ghike'-wad]  :  see  Guicowar. 

Guild,  society  or  confraternity,  VIII.  304. 
Secular  guilds,  2  a ;  in  Flanders  and  Holland, 

305,  1  ab ;  in  Germany,  1  c ;  in  England, 
2  a ;  in  Scotland,  306,  1  be ;  in  France,  1  c; 
“kings  of  guild,”  2  a.  Various  kinds,  307, 
1  a ;  free  guilds,  1  ab.  La  basoche  (guild 
of  lawyers’  apprentices),  2  a.  Faculty  of 
advocates  in  Scotland,  2  c.  “  Guild  of  lit¬ 
erature  and  art,”  ib. — Religious  guilds,  308, 
1  a. — Allusions  to  guilds,  I.  603,  2  b  ;  III. 
107,  1  b.  Guilds  of  London,  VIII.  305,  2  be ; 
X.  612,  1  b. 

Guildford  [ghil'-furd],  town  of  England,  VIII. 
308. 

Guildhall ',  London,  X.  612,  1  c. 

Guildhall ,  county  seat,  VI.  734,  2  a. 

Guild  merchant ,  III.  107,  1  b. 

Guilford,  county,  VIII.  308. 

Guilford,  town  of  Connecticut,  VIII.  308. 

“  The  old  stone  house,”  309,  1  a. 

Guilford ,  Lord:  see  North,  Francis. 


Guilford  Court  House,  North  Carolina,  VIII. 

309.  Battle  of,  1  a ;  X.  303,  1  b. 

Guilielma  speciosa  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  b. 
Guillaume  [ghe-yome],  burned  for  heresy,  I. 
343,  1  b. 

Guillemot  [ghil'-le-mot],  bird,  VIII.  309  (ills.). 
Guil'lim,  John,  English  writer  on  heraldry, 
VIII.  310. 

Guillotin,  Joseph  Ignace  [ghe-yuh-tang], French 
physician,  VIII.  310. 

Guillotine  [ghil-lo-teen' ;  Fr.  ghe-yuh-teen], 
instrument  for  decapitation,  VIII.  310. 
Guilmeth,  Alexandre  Auguste  [gheel-met], 
French  archieologist,  VIII.  311. 

Guimaraens  [ghe-ma-ri^s'J,  town  of  Portugal, 

VIII.  311. 

Guinand  [ghe-nan?],  Swiss  optician,  VIII.  311. 

See  Glass,  20,  2  c ;  Lens,  X.  343,  1  c. 
Guinea  [ghin'-e],  coin,  VIII.  311. 

Guinea,  region  of  Africa,  VIII.  312.  Upper, 

1  a.  Lower,  2  c. 

Guinea,  Gulf  of,  VIII.  313. 

Guinea  corn ,  VIII.  313,  2  b;  XV.  170,  1  ab. 
Guinea  current ,  Atlantic  ocean,  II.  73,  1  a. 
Guinea  Fowl,  bird,  VIII.  313  (ill.). 

Guinea  grains ,  III.  777,  1  c ;  VIII.  145,  1  a. 
Guinea  Grass,  VIII.  313. 

Guinea  pepper ,  III.  761,  2  a. 

Guinea  Pig,  VIII.  313.  Wild  guinea  pig,  2b; 

domestic,  314,  1  a  (ill.). 

Guinea  rock  snake ,  II.  762,  2  b. 

Guinea  Worm:  see  Entozoa,  VI.  670,  1  a. 
Guinette  [ghe-net],  ancient  ruin,  VI.  743,  2  a. 
Guinevere' :  see  Arthur,  I.  781, 1  c  ;  X.  138, 1  a. 
Guinicelli ,  Guido  [gwe-ne-chel'-le],  Italian  poet, 

IX.  458,  2  be. 

Guipure  [ghe-pure'] :  see  Lace,  X.  78,  1  c. 
GuipfrzcoA[ghe-pooth'-kwa],  province  of  Spain, 
VIII.  314. 

Guiraca  Ludoriciana  (ornithology),  VIII.  264, 

2  ab.  G.  melanocephala  and  G.  coBrulea,  2  b. 
Guiscard  [ghees-kar],  French  abbe,  a  would-ba 

assassin,  VIII.  464,  1  c. 

Guiscard,  Robert,  founder  of  the  kingdom  of 
Naples,  VIII.  314;  I.  293,  1  b,  be. 
Guischard,  or  Guischardt,  Karl  Gottlieb  [gwish'- 
art],  German  writer,  VIII.  315. 

Guise  [gheez],  town  of  France,  VIII.  315. 
Guise,  House  of,  VIII.  315.  Claude  de  Lor¬ 
raine,  first  duke  of  Guise,  1  be.  Frangois 
de  Lorraine,  second  duke,  1  c.  Henri  I.  de 
Lorraine  (le  Balafre),  third  duke,  2b;  II. 
348,  1  c ;  V.  55,  1  c.  Charles  de  Lorraine, 
fourth  duke,  316,  1  a.  Henri  II.  de  Lor- 


GUITAR 


GUNPOWDER 


365 


raine,  fifth  duke,  1  ah.  Louis  Joseph  de 
Lorraine,  sixth  and  last  duke,  1  c.  Louis 
de  Lorraine,  cardinal  de  Guise,  2  a.  Louis 
de  Lorraine,  cardinal  de  Guise  (2d),  ib. 

Guitar  [ghe-tar'J,  musical  instrument,  VIII. 

316  ;  XII.  75,  2  a. 

Guit'guit ,  bird,  XV.  477,  1  b. 

Guizot,  Francois  Pierre  Guillaume  [ghe-zo  or 
gwe-zo],  French  statesman  and  author,  VIII. 
316.  See  Louis  Philippe.  His  rebuke  of 
Ollivier’s  panegyric  of  Napoleon  III.,  317, 
2  c ;  XII.  620, 1  c.  On  the  feudal  system,  VIL 
161,  1  c.  (Died  1874.) — Elisabeth  Charlotte 
Pauline  de  Meulan,  his  wife,  authoress,  VIII. 
318,  1  b.  Marguerite  Andree  Elisa  (Dillon), 
his  second  wife,  authoress,  1  c.  Ilenriette 
(De  Witt),  authoress,  2  a.  Pauline  (DeWitt), 
authoress,  ib.  Maurice  Guillaume,  author 
and  instructor,  2  h. 

Gujarati:  see  Guzardti  (Index). 

Gujerat  :  see  Guzerat. 

Gulathing  [goo'-la-ting] :  see  Jury,  IX.  721,  2  c. 

Gulden  [gool'-den] :  see  Florin-. 

Gules ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a. 

Gulf  stream,  II.  72,  2  a-73,  2a;  74,  1  b-78, 1  a. 
Franklin’s  chart  of,  72,  2  c;  VIL  438,  2  c. 
Surface  velocity,  VIII.  76,  1  a.  Petermann’s 
conclusions  respecting  it,  77,  2  b-78,  1  a. 
Carpenter’s  theory,  78,  1  b-2  b. 

Gulf  stream,  aerial,  I.  148,  1  a. 

Gulf  Weed  :  see  Atlantic  Ocean,  II.  79, 1  b,  c, 
and  I.  299,  2  a. 

Gulistan',  treaty  of,  referred  to,  I.  282,  2  c. 

Gull,  bird,  VIII.  318.  Black-backed,  2  c  (ill., 
319)  ;  silvery,  2  a  (ill.).  Other  species. 

Gull,  Sir  William  Withy,  English  physician, 
VIII.  320. 

Gulliver ,  Dr.,  his  researches  on  the  blood,  II. 
730,  2  be ;  733,  2  be ;  734,  2  be,  c. 

“  Gulliver's  Travels:  ”  see  Swift,  XV.  522,  2  a ; 
Bergerac,  II.  557,  2  ab. 

Gulo  (zoology),  VIII.  46,  2  b.  G.  luscus,  47, 
1  a  (ill.,  46).  G.  mellivora,  II.  212,  1  c. 

Gum,  VIII.  320.  Gum  arabic,  2  a ;  Cape  gum, 
East  India  gum,  gum  Senegal,  2  b.  Gum 
tragacanth  or  dragon,  321,  1  a.  Cherry- 
tree  gum,  1  b.  Gum  mezquite,  1  c. — Gum 
acaroides,  171,  2  b ;  black-boy  gum,  ib. 
Gum  guaiacum,  277,  1  ab.  Gum  copal :  see 
Copal.  Gum  thus,  VII.  431,  2  ab.  Red 
gum,  X.  13,  1  a;  butea,  ib. ;  spruce,  XIII. 
545,  1  b ;  hemlock,  ib. ;  chewing,  ib. 

11  Gum  beds,"  of  maltha,  XI.  71,  2  a. 

Gumbel,  Dr.  C.  W.,  on  bathybius,  II.  391,  1  b. 


Gumbinnen  [goom'-bin-nen],  town  of  Prussia, 
VIII.  321. 

Gumbo,  VIII.  321.  See  Okra. 

Gum  copal,  substitute  for  amber,  I.  382,  2  c. 
Gummic  acid,  VIII.  320,  1  b. 

Gum  Resins,  VIII.  321. 

Gumri  [goom'-re],  town :  see  Alexandropol. 
Gum  Tree  :  see  Black  Gum. 

Gun  :  see  Artillery,  Cannon,  Musket,  and 
Rifle. 

Gun,  in  paper  making,  XIII.  48,  1  c. 

Gunboat,  steam,  XII.  187,  1  b. 

Gun  carriage,  I.  789,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Gun  Cotton,  VIII.  322 ;  VII.  35,  2  be. 
Gundebald,  Burgundian  leader,  III.  451,  1  a. 
Lex  Gundebalda,  ib. 

Gunderic ,  Burgundian  leader,  III.  451,  1  a. 
Gunderode,  Karoline  von  [gun'-deh-ro-deh], 
German  poetess,  VIII.  324 ;  I.  758,  1  c. 
Gundicar,  Burgundian  leader,  III.  450,  2  c. 
Gunduk',  river  of  Hindostan,  VIII.  324. 
Gundulph's  Tceep ,  referred  to,  XIV.  366,  1  b. 
Gundwana  [gund-wa'-na] :  see  Gonds. 

Gunjah ,  dried  Indian  hemp,  VIII.  633,  1  a. 
Gunlock ,  first,  XII.  97,  1  b.  Wheel  lock,  1  c 
(ills.). 

Gunnel,  fish  :  see  Blenny. 

Gunnel’ lus  (ichthyology),  II.  710,  2  ab. 
Gunner's  quadrant,  invention  of,  I.  786,  1  a. 
Gunner's  square,  XIV.  122,  2  a. 

Gunnery,  VIII.  324.  Resistance  of  the  air, 

1  be ;  form  of  shot  meeting  least  resistance, 

2  a;  windage  and  balloting,  2  c  (ills.,  325); 
drift,  325,  2  a ;  longitudinal  deviation,  or 
variation  in  range,  2  c ;  dangerous  space, 
326,  1  a.  Force  of  a  projectile,  1  ab;  ex¬ 
periments  on  iron  targets,  1  be ;  effective 
range  of  guns,  2  b.  Relations  among  the 
three  elements  of  gunnery,  2  c. 

Gunni ,  priests  in  Ceylon,  XIII.  832,  1  c. 
Gunnison  river,  Colorado,  V.  102,  1  a. 

Gunny,  cloth,  VIII.  327 ;  IX.  729,  2  b. 
Gunpowder,  VIII.  327.  Invention  of,  2  c; 
I.  748,  2  a  ;  XIV.  689,  1  c.  Cause  of  the  ac¬ 
tion  of,  XII.  771,  1  b.  Employment  in 
blasting,  VIII.  328,  2  a :  see  Blastino. 
Manufacture  and  composition  of,  2  b ;  VII. 
34,  1  b.  Methods  of  diminishing  its  destruc¬ 
tive  effects  on  large  cannon,  VIII.  329,  2  be. 
Forms  of,  330,  1  c  (ills.).  Classification  of, 
2  b.  Absolute  and  gravimetric  density  of 
granular  powder,  2  c.  Manufacture  of  sport¬ 
ing  powder,  ib.  Measurement  of  the  force 
of  gunpowder,  331,  1  a;  Rodman’s  gauge, 


366 


GUNPOWDER 


GWINNETT 


1  ab  (ill.);  Noble’s,  2  a.  Composition  of 
blasting  powder,  2  ab :  see  Explosives. 
Method  of  rendering  gunpowder  both  ex¬ 
plosive  and  non-explosive,  VII.  561,  1  c. 
Gunpowder  plot,  Guy  Fawkes’s,  VII.  99,  2  b; 
IX.  517,  1  b.  Coke’s  services  respecting  it, 
V.  36,  1  b. 

Guns  [gtince],  town  of  Hungary,  VIII.  332. 
Gun-shot  Wounds,  VIII.  332.  . 

Gun  spring :  see  Ax,  II.  164,  2  be. 

Gunter,  Edmund,  English  mathematician,  VIII. 
333.  Gunter’s  chain,  2  be ;  line,  2  c,  III. 
569,  1  a;  quadrant,  VIII.  334,  1  b;  scale,  ib. 
Gunter ,  the  (Gunter’s  scale),  VIII.  334,  1  b. 
Gunther,  Anton  [giin'-ter],  German  philoso¬ 
pher,  VIII.  334. 

Gunther ,  Icing,  in  German  legend,  XII.  419,  2  b. 
Gupil ,  parrot,  XI.  185,  2  be. 

Guras,  modern  Greek  general,  II.  58,  1  c. 
Gurhwal:  see  Gurwhal. 

Guriev :  see  Guryev. 

Gurley,  Ralph  Randolph,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  philanthropist,  VIII.  334. 
Gurnard,  fish,  VIII.  334.  Gray,  2  c  (ill.,  335). 
Web-fingered,  2  a  (ill.).  Flying,  VII.  298, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Gurney,  Sir  Goldworthy,  English  inventor, 
VIII.  335.  (Died  1875.) 

Gurney,  Joseph  John,  philanthropist,  VIII.  335. 
Gurowski,  Adam,  count  [goo-rov'-ske],  Polish 
author  and  revolutionist,  VIII.  336. 
Gurret-ul-Ayn  [goor'-ret-ool-ine'j,  Babist  mis¬ 
sionary,  II.  182,  2  c.  Her  tragic  fate,  183, 1  a. 
Gurwhal  [gur'-whal],  district  of  India,  VIII. 
336. 

Gurwood,  John,  English  soldier,  VIII.  336. 
Guryev  [goor'-yev],  town  of  Russia,  VIII.  336. 
Gustav'us  I.,  king  of  Sweden  (Gustavus  Vasa), 
VIII.  337.  See  Christian  II. 

Gustavus  II.,  Adolphus,  king  of  Sweden,  VIII. 
338.  See  Thirty  Years’  War,  XV.  710,  2  b. 
His  management  of  cavalry,  IV.  145,  1  a. 
Gustavus  III.,  king  of  Sweden,  VIII.  339. 
Gustavus  IV.,  Adolphus,  VIII.  340.  His  ar¬ 
rest  and  abdication,  2  b.  The  throne  claimed 
by  his  son  Gustavus,  341,  1  a. 

Gustavus  Adolphus  union ,  VIII.  339,  1  c. 
Gustavus  Vasa :  see  Gustavus  I. 

Gustrow  [giis'-tro],  Germany,  VIII.  341. 
Gutenberg,  Johann  [goo'-ten-bairg],  reputed 
inventor  of  printing,  VIII.  341.  See  Faust, 
Johann,  and  Printing,  XIII.  846,  1  c,  ff. 
Guthi,  ancient  race :  see  Jutland,  IX.  730, 1  a. 
Guth'rie,  county,  VIII.  342. 


Guthrie ,  Samuel,  discovery  of  chloroform  by, 
IV.  502,  1  c,  2  a;  VII.  39,  2  a. 

Guthrie,  Thomas,  Scottish  clergyman,  VIII. 
342. 

Guthrie,  William,  Scottish  author,  VIII.  342. 
Guthrun  [gooth'-roon],  Danish  king,  I.  298,  1  c. 
Guts-Muths,  Johann  Christoph  Friedrich 
[goots'-moots],  founder  of  the  German  sys¬ 
tem  of  gymnastics,  VIII.  342  ;  352,  1  a. 
Guttce,  in  architecture,  I.  657,  1  b. 

Guttce,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Gut'ta  Per'cha,  gum,  VIII.  343.  Tree,  1  a 
(ill.).  Properties,  2  b.  Treatment  and  uses, 
344,  1  a,  ff. 

Gutzkow,  Karl  Ferdinand  [goots'-ko],  German 
author,  VIII.  345. 

Gutzlaff,  Karl  [gtits'-laf],  German  missionary, 

VIII.  345. 

Guy,  Thomas,  English  philanthropist,  VIII.  345. 
Guyana :  see  Guiana. 

Guyard ,  Marie  [ghe-yar] :  see  Mary  of  the 
Incarnation. 

Guyon,  Jeanne  Marie  Bouvier  de  la  Motto 
[ghe-yonB],  French  mystical  writer,  VIII. 
346.  See  Bossuet,  III.  115,  1  c;  Fenelon, 
VII.  123,  1  ab. 

Guyot,  Arnold  Henry  [ghe-yo'],  American 
geographer,  VIII.  347.  His  barometrical 
measurements  of  Mt.  Washington,  II.  330, 
2b;  of  the  Black  mountains,  2  c.  Meteoro¬ 
logical  and  physical  tables,  IX.  132,  2  b. 
Guysborough,  county,  VIII.  347. 

Guysborough,  county  seat,  VIII.  348,  1  a. 
Guy's  hospital,  VIII.  346,  1  a ;  X.  601,  2  a. 
Guyton  de  Morveau,  Louis  Bernard  [ghe' 
tong  du.h  mor-vo],  French  chemist,  VIII. 
348.  Idea  of  a  rational  nomenclature  in 
chemistry  originated  by  him,  IV.  364,  1  a. 
Guzardti  [guz-a-ra'-tee],  East  Indian  language, 

IX.  217,  1  a.  Alphabet,  2  a.  Grammar, 
219,  1  b. 

Guzel  Hissar ,  city  :  see  Aidin. 

Guzerat  [guz-er-at'],  district  of  India,  VIII.  348. 
Guzman ,  Domingo  de  [gooth-man'] :  see  Domi¬ 
nic. 

Gwalas,  Hindoo  race,  IX.  213,  2  be;  214,  1  c. 
Gwalior  [gwa'-le-or],  a  part  of  India,  VIII. 
348.  Gwalior  contingent,  349,  1  a.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  1  c  (view). 

Gwenap,  Cornwall,  adit  of,  I.  122,  2  a. 
Gweugwen,  Cayugas,  IV.  161,  1  c. 

Gwilt,  Joseph,  English  architect,  VIII.  349. 
Gwinn,  Eleanor :  see  Gwynn. 

Gwinnett',  county,  VIII.  349. 


GWINNETT 


HACKETT 


367 


Gwixxett,  Button,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  VIII.  350. 

Gwyddel  [gwith'-el] :  see  Gael,  VII.  552,  1  b. 
Gicyneddigion  [gwin-eth-ig'-e-on],  Welsh  liter¬ 
ary  association,  VI.  484,  1  c. 

Gicyniad  [gwin'-yad],  fish  ( coregonus  lavare- 
tus ),  III.  280,  1  b. 

Gwyxn,  Eleanor,  mistress  of  Charles  II.,  VIII. 

350. 

Gwynne- Harris  process :  see  Gas,  VII.  640,  2  a. 
Gya-Long  [gya],  emperor  of  Anam,  I.  457,  1  c. 
Gyges  [ji'-jeez],  king  of  Lydia,  VIII.  350. 

Gyle,  a  preparation  in  brewing,  III.  260,  2  c. 
Gyllenstjerna ,  Christina  [yil-len-shair'-na], 
Swedish  patriot,  IV.  525,  2  a. 

Gymnasiarch ,  VIII.  351,  1  ab;  XI.  345,  2  b. 
Gymxasium,  VIII.  350.  German  gymnasia, 

351,  lb:  see  Uxiyersity,  XVI.  213,  2  ab. 
Gymxastics,  VIII.  351.  In  ancient  times, 

1  be;  modern,  352,  1  a.  Various  kinds  of 
exercise,  2  ab ;  callisthenics,  354,  1  b.  Prop¬ 
er  age  for  systematic  gymnastics,  355,  1  be ; 
degree  of  training  advisable,  1  c. 

Gymne'tce,  Grecian  light  troops,  I.  738,  2  c. 
Gymnetrus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  306,  2  a.  G. 

gladius,  2  ab  (ill.).  G.  Hawkenii,  ib. 
Gymnodac' tylus  (zoology),  VII.  657,  1  a.  G. 
phyllurus,  2  a. 

Gymxosophists,  Indian  philosophers,  VIII.  356. 


Gymno'tus  :  see  Electric  FisnES,  VI.  498,  2  b. 

Gymnura  Rctfflesii  (zoology),  III.  420,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Gynce'ceum,  women’s  apartment,  II.  65,  1  a. 

Gyncecium  (pistil),  XIII.  587,  1  c. 

Gynerium  argenteum  (botany),  XIII.  30,  1  be 
(ill.)  ;  VIII.  169,  1  c. 

Gyoxgyos  [dyon'-dyosh],  town  of  Hungary, 
VIII.  356. 

Gypaetus  barba'tus  [ji-pa'-e-tus],  (ornithology), 
X.  127,  1  b.  Other  species,  2  b. 

Gypoch'elys  (zoology),  XV.  131,  2  b. 

Gyps  fulvus  (ornithology),  XVI.  413,  1  a  (ill.). 

Gypogeranus  serpentarius  (ornithology),  XIV. 
745,  2  c. 

Gypsies,  VIII.  356  (ill.).  Language,  357,  2  a: 
see  Slaxg,  XV.  85,  2  ab.  In  Spain,  206,  2  c. 

Gypsum,  mineral,  VIII.  358.  White  granular 
gypsum  for  small  sculptures,  I.  235,  1  a. 

Gyrenceph! ala,  sub-class  of  carnivora,  IV.  11, 
2  ab.  Owen’s  division  of,  12,  1  b. 

Gy’  romancy ,  kind  of  divination,  VI.  154,  1  a. 

Gyron,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  b.  (See  plate.) 

Gyronny,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  c ;  672, 
2  a.  (See  plate.) 

Gy'roscope,  VIII.  359  (ill.) ;  VI.  358,  2  be ; 
VII.  344,  2  c. 

Gyrowetz,  Adalbert  [ghe'-ro-vets],  Bohemian 
composer,  VIII.  361. 

Gyula  [dyoo'-law],town  of  Hungary, VIII.  361. 


H 


H,  a  letter,  VIII.  361.  Its  use  in  ancient 
Greek,  1  be;  in  English,  1  c;  in  combina¬ 
tions,  2  c ;  in  music,  362,  1  a. 

Haardt  [hart],  hill,  VI.  494,  1  a.  See  Hardt. 

Haarlem  [har'-lem],  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
VIII.  362  (ill.).  Siege  of,  2  b. 

Haarlem  Meer  [mair],  lake,  VIII.  362.  See 
Draixage,  VI.  211,  2  c. 

Hab'akkuk,  Hebrew  prophet,  VIII.  363. 

Habeas  Corpus,  writ,  VIII.  363.  Habeas  cor¬ 
pus  act  of  1679,  2  a;  VI.  614,  2  a;  XIV. 
808,  2  c.  Provisions  of  American  statutes, 
VIII.  363,  2  b.  Importance  of  the  law, 
364,  1  b.  Suspension  of  the  writ  by  Presi¬ 
dent  Lincoln,  X.  494,  1  c. 

Habenaria  orbiculata  (botany),  XII.  671,  2  c 
(ill.) ;  673,  1  b. 

Habexeck,  Antoine  Frangois  [ab-nSk],  French 
musician,  VIII.  365. 

IIab'ersiiam,  county,  VIII.  365. 


Habesh  [ha'-besh] :  see  Abyssinia. 

Habichtslehen  [ha'-bichts-la-en],  hawk  tenures : 
see  Falcoxry,  VII.  70,  2  c. 

Hab'ixgtox,  William,  English  poet,  VIII.  365. 

Habmham  Juif  [a-bra-am  zhii-eef],  cabalistic 
book,  VII.  256,  1  ab. 

Habsburg  [haps'-boorg] :  see  IIapsburg. 

IIaciiette,  Jean  Nicolas  Pierre  [a -shot],  French 
mathematician,  VIII.  365. 

Hacienda  of  Antisana  [a-se-ain'-da],  Ecuador, 
one  of  the  highest  habitations  in  the  world, 
I.  571,  1  a. 

Hackberry,  tree,  VIII.  365  (ill.). 

Hackee  :  see  Chipmuxk. 

Hdclcel:  see  Haeckel. 

Hack’  ensack,  county  seat,  II.  556,  1  a. 

Hackert,  Philipp,  German  artist,  VIII.  366. 

Hackett,  Horatio  Balch,  American  Biblical 
scholar,  VIII.  366.  (Died  1875.) 

Hackett,  James  Henry,  actor,  VIII.  366. 


368 


HACKLANDER 


HAIR 


Haoklander,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  von  [hak'-len- 
der],  German  author,  YIII.  367.  (Died  1877.) 

Hackmatack:  see  Larch,  X.  168,  2  a. 

Hackney ,  district  of  London,  X.  592,  1  a. 

Hackney  coaches ,  IV.  723,  1  a. 

Haco ,  kings:  see  Norway,  XII.  510,  2  ab,  ff. 

Haddam ,  county  seat,  XI.  524,  2  a. 

Haddingtonshire,  county,  VIII.  367. 

Haddock,  fish,  VIII.  367  (ill.).  “Young  had¬ 
dock,”  368,  1  a.  Norway  haddock,  ib . 

Haddo's  Hole ,  I.  22,  1  b. 

Hadersleben  [ha'-derce-la-ben],  city  of  Prus<. 
sia,  VIII.  368. 

Ha'des,  in  mythology, VIII.  368  ;  XIII.  623, 1  a. 

Hadis  [ha-deece'J :  see  Sunna. 

Hadises ,  Mohammedan  traditions,  X.  45,  1  b. 

Hadj ,  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  VIII.  368, 1  c  ;  XI. 
698,  2  b. 

Hadji,  pilgrim  to  Mecca,  VIII.  368  ;  I.  627,  2  c. 

Hadji  Kiialfa,  Turkish  historian,  VIII.  368. 

Hadley,  James,  American  scholar,  VIII.  368. 

Hadley,  John,  English  astronomer,  VIII.  369. 
Hadley’s  quadrant,  lb;  61,  2  a. 

Hadramaijt  [ha-dra-mowt'],  district  of  Arabia, 
VIII.  369. 

IIa'drian,  Roman  emperor,  VIII.  370.  See 
Civil  Law,  IV.  621,  1  be. 

Hadrosau'rus,  fossil  reptile,  VIII.  370  (ill.). 

IIadrume'tum,  ancient  city,  VIII.  371. 

Hadziewicz,  Rafael  [had-zheh'-vitcli],  Polish 
painter,  VIII.  371. 

Hcecce'itas ,  tbis-and-that-ity,  VI.  318,  2  c. 

Haeckel,  Ernst  Heinrich  [hek'-el],  German 
naturalist,  VIII.  371. 

Hcemapoph'yses ,  in  anatomy,  XIII.  425,  1  a. 

Hmmatem' esis ,  kind  of  haemorrhage,  VIII.  374, 
2  c. 

Hcematine  [hem'-a-tin],  in  the  blood,  II.  729,  2  c. 

Haematites  [liem-a-ti'-teez],  origin  of  name,  XI. 
588,  1  ab.  See  Hematite. 

Haematoma  auris ,  the  “  insane  ear,”  IX.  307, 1  c. 

Hcematop'ota  (entomology),  VII.  551,  1  b.  H. 
pluvialis,  ib. ;  XVI.  20,  1  c. 

Hcemat'opis  (ornithology),  XII.  773,  2  a.  H. 
palliatus,  1  b  (ill.).  H.  ostralegus,  774,  1  a. 

Hcematoxyline  [hem-a-tox'-e-lin],  coloring  prin¬ 
ciple  of  logwood,  X.  584,  1  ab. 

Ilcematoxylon  Campechianum  (botany),  X.  583, 
2  c. 

Hcemoglobine ,  constituent  of  blood,  XII.  771, 1  a. 

Hcem'opis  (zoology),  X.  311,  1  b. 

Hemop'tysis,  disease,  VIII.  373. 

Hem'orrhage,  escape  of  blood,  VIII.  373. 

Hcemorrhagic  infarctions ,  VIII.  561,  2  c. 


Hemorrhoids,  VIII.  374. 

Hcemostat'ics ,  in  therapeutics,  VIII.  373,  2  c. 

Hee'mus ,  II.  241,  2  a  (Balkan  Mountains). 

Haerlem  [har'-lem] :  see  Haarlem. 

Haff,  estuary,  VIII.  375. 

Hafiz,  Mohammed  Shems  ed-Din  [ha'-fiz],  Per¬ 
sian  poet,  VIII.  375 ;  XIII.  327,  1  b. 

IIa'gar,  servant  of  Sarah,  VIII.  376. 

Hagarenes' :  see  Hagak,  and  Isiimael. 

Ha' garites :  see  Hagar. 

Hagen  [ha'-ghen],  in  German  legend,  XII.  419, 
2  c. 

IIagen,  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  376. 

Hagen,  Ernst  August,  author,  VIII.  376. 

Hagenau  [ha'-geh-now],  city  of  Alsace,  VIII. 
376. 

HAGENBAcn,  Karl  Rudolf  [ha'-ghen-bakh],  his¬ 
torian,  VIII.  376.  (Died  1874.) 

Ha'gerstown,  city  of  Maryland,  VIII.  376. 

Hag  Fish:  see  Myxinoids. 

Haggadoth ,  Haggadah ,  in  Hebrew  literature, 
VIII.  595,  1  b,  2  ab. 

IIaggai  [hag'-ga-I],  Hebrew  prophet,  VIII.  377. 

Hagiog'rapiia,  division  of  the  Hebrew  Scrip¬ 
tures,  VIII.  377 ;  XIV.  30,  1  be. 

Hag  taper :  see  Mullein,  XII.  31,  1  c. 

Hague,  The  [haig],  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
VIII.  377.  Maurits  Huis,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Hague,  William,  American  clergyman,  VIII.  378. 

Haguenau  [ag-no],  city :  see  Hagenau. 

Hahn,  August  [ban],  theologian,  VIII.  378. 

IIahn-Hahn,  Ida  Marie  Luise  Sophie  Friederike 
Gustave,  countess,  authoress,  VIII.  378. 

IIahnel,  Ernst  Julius  [ha'-nel],  sculptor,  VIII. 
378. 

Hahnemann,  Samuel  Christian  Friedrich  [ha/- 
neh-man],  founder  of  homoeopathy,  VIII. 
378.  Alluded  to,  I.  334,  2  a  (Allopathy). 

Haiks  [hikes],  (Armenians),  I.  723,  1  c. 

Hail,  VIII.  379  (ills.,  380). 

Hail  [bile],  town :  see  Hayel. 

Hailes,  Lord :  see  Dalrymple,  Sir  David. 

Hain  [bine],  town  :  see  Grosseniiain. 

Hainan  [hi-nan'],  island  of  China,  VIII.  382. 

IIainau  [ln'-now],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  382. 

Ilainault :  see  Hainaut. 

Hainaut  [a-no],  province  of  Belgium, VIII.  882. 

Hair,  VIII.  382  (ill.,  383) ;  V.  184,  2  b.  Of 
the  human  head,  as  a  basis  of  classification. 
VI.  756,  2  ab  (table). 

Hair-cell  chords ,  of  the  ear,  XV.  185,  1  c;  186, 
1  b,  2  a. 

Hairetis  [hi-ra'-teez],  dervishes,  VI.  33,  2  a. 

Hair  salt ,  mineral,  XV.  453,  2  b. 


HAIR 


HALL 


369 


Hair  spring ,  of  a  watch,  IV.  700,  2  c. 

Hair  Worm  (entozoa),  VIII.  384. 

Haiti  [Fr.  I-te] :  see  IIayti. 

IIaizinger,  Anton  [hi'-tsing-er],  German  vocal¬ 
ist,  VIII.  384.  Amalie,  2  c. 

IIaje  [ha'-ya] :  see  Asp,  II.  18,  1  c  (nay a 
haye ),  and  Cobra  de  Capello,  IV.  772,  2  be 
(naja  haje). 

Hake,  fish,  VIII.  385.  European  hake,  1  ab 
(ill.) ;  American,  1  c ;  white,  2  b  (ill.). 
Hakem  [ha'-kem],  Fatimite  caliph  of  Egypt, 
VI.  272,  2  b;  VII.  94,  2  a. 

Hakhamanish ,  Persian  king,  XIII.  321,  2  c. 
Hakkadosh :  see  Jttdah,  rabbi. 

Hakluyt,  Richard  [hak'-loot],  English  author, 
VIII.  385. 

Hakodadi  [ha-ko-da'-de],  city  of  Japan,  VIII. 
386  (view). 

HalakJiah ,  halakhoth ,  in  Hebrew  literature, 
VIII.  595,  1  a. 

ILalas  [hol'-osh],  town  of  Hungary,  VIII.  387. 
Halberstadt  [hal'-ber-stat],  town  of  Prussia, 
VIII.  387.  Poetical  union  of,  1  b. 

Halbig,  Johann  [hal'-bich],  German  sculptor, 
VIII.  387. 

Halcyon ,  bird,  IX.  839,  2  a.  “Halcyon  days,”  2b. 
Haldane,  Robert,  Scottish  philanthropist,  VIII. 

387.  James  Alexander,  2  b.  See  IX.  199,  2  b. 
Haldanites ,  religious  body,  IX.  199,  2  b. 
Haldeman,  S.  Stehman,  American  naturalist 

and  philologist,  VIII.  387. 

Haldimand,  county,  VIII.  388. 

Hale,  county,  VIII.  388. 

Hale,  Benjamin,  American  clergyman,  VIII. 

388. 

Hale,  David,  journalist,  VIII.  388. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  author,  VIII.  388. 
Hale,  John  Parker,  statesman,  VIII.  388. 
Hale,  Sir  Matthew,  English  jurist,  VIII.  389. 

On  the  responsibility  of  the  insane,  X.  717, 1  a. 
Hale,  Nathan,  American  revolutionary  soldier, 
VIII.  390.  Nathan,  journalist,  1  c. 

Hale,  Sarah  Josepha,  authoress,  VIII.  390. 
Haleb  [ha'-leb] :  see  Aleppo.  Origin  of  the 
name,  I.  273,  1  b. 

Hales,  Alexander  of :  see  Alexander  of 
Hales. 

Hales,  Stephen,  English  clergyman,  VIII.  390. 
Hale'sia  (botany),  XV.  137, 1  c.  JI.  tetraptera, 
2  a  (ill.). 

IIal^vy,  Jacques  Francois  Fromental  £lie 
[a-la-ve],  French  composer,  VIII.  391 ;  XII. 
93, 1  a.  L6on,  author,  VIII.  391,  2  a.  Ludo- 
vic,  dramatist,  2  b. 

24 


Half  circle,  in  fencing,  VII.  121,  1  c. 
Half-circle  parry  of  Bertrand,  VII.  121,  2  ab. 
uHalf-line  lay,”  in  mackerel  fishing,  X.  793, 

1  c. 

Half  moon  Point  (Waterford),  XVI.  502,  1  b. 
Halford,  Sir  Henry,  physician,  VIII.  391. 
Halfpenny,  origin  of  the  term,  XIII.  271,  1  c. 
Half  stuff, “  in  paper  making,  XIII.  46,  2  c. 
Haliaetus  [hal-e-a'-e-tus],  (ornithology),  VI. 
348,  1  c.  II.  leucocephalus,  ib.  (ill.).  H. 
Washingtonii,  349,  1  b.  II.  albicilla,  2  a 
(ill.).  H.  pelagicus,  2  c. 

Hal'iburton,  Thomas  Chandler,  Canadian 
humorist,  VIII.  391. 

Halibut  [hol'-e-but],  fish,  VIII.  392  (ill.). 
Halicarnassus,  ancient  city  of  Caria,  VIII. 

392.  Mausoleum,  393,  1  a  (ills.,  393,  394). 
Halicore  :  see  Dugong. 

Halidon  Hill,  battle  of,  II.  244,  2  c. 

Halifax,  two  counties,  VIII.  394. 

Halifax,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  VIII.  394. 
Halifax,  city  of  Nova  Scotia,  VIII.  394. 

Province  building,  2  c  (ill.,  395). 

Halifax,  town  of  England,  VIII.  395.  Town 
hall,  396,  1  a  (ill.). 

Halifax,  county  seat,  VIII.  394,  1  c. 

Halifax,  Earl  of :  see  Montague,  Charles. 
Halifax,  John,  arithmetician,  I.  708,  1  a. 
Halifax,  Marquis  of :  see  Savile,  George. 
Halifax  Court  House :  see  Banister. 

Halim  Pasha  :  see  Abd-el-Halim. 

IIaliot'idje  :  see  Ear  Shell. 

Halio'tis  (conchology),  V.  201,  1  c;  VI.  354, 

2  a;  XI.  723,  1  b.  II.  tuberculata,  VI. 
354,  2  b. 

Halithe'rium  (palaeontology),  VI.  302,  1  a. 
Hall,  two  counties,  VIII.  396. 

Hall  [hal],  town  of  Tyrol,  VIII.  396. 

Hall,  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  VIII.  396. 

Hall,  Basil,  British  author,  VIII.  396. 

Hall,  Charles  Francis,  American  arctic  ex¬ 
plorer,  VIII.  397;  I.  679,  2  b,  680,  2  b. 
Hall,  Dominick  Augustine,  jurist,  VIII.  397. 
Hall,  Gordon,  missionary,  VIII.  397. 

Hall,  James,  judge  and  author,  VIII.  398. 
Arrested  by  Andrew  Jackson,  IX.  491,  1  a. 
John  E.,  author,  1  c. 

Hall,  James,  geologist,  VIII.  398.  On  the 
origin  and  nature  of  mountains,  XII.  9,  1  b. 
Charles  Edward,  VIII.  399,  2  a. 

Hall,  Sir  James,  on  the  structure  of  basalt, 
VII.  689,  1  c. 

Hall,  John,  American  clergyman,  VIII.  399. 
Hall,  Joseph,  English  author,  VIII.  399. 


370 


HALL 


HAMILTON 


Hall,  Lyman,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  VIII.  400. 

Hall,  Marshall,  English  physician,  VIII.  400. 
Hall,  Newman,  clergyman,  VIII.  400. 

Hall,  Robert,  preacher  and  author,  VIII.  400. 
Hall,  Samuel  Carter,  author  and  editor,  VIII. 

401.  Anna  Maria  Fielding,  authoress,  1  c. 
Halla ,  castle  of,  VIII.  402,  2  a  (Halle). 
Hallam,  Henry,  English  historian,  VIII.  401. 
On  the  feudal  system,  VII.  160,  1  a.  His 
opinion  of  Grotius’s  treatise  on  international 
law,  X.  222,  2  be. — Arthur  Henry,  VIII. 

401,  2  c. 

Halle  [hal'-leh],  city  of  Prussia,  VIII.  402. 

University,  1  b  (ill.).  School  of,  VII.  768,  2  a. 
Halleck,  Fitz-Greene,  American  poet,  VIII. 

402. 

Halleck,  Henry  Wager,  soldier,  VIII.  403. 
Hallein  [hal'-line],  town  of  Austria,  VIII.  403. 
Hallelujah  victory ,  so  styled,  VII.  743,  2  b. 
Hallee,  Albrecht  von,  Swiss  physiologist, 
VIII.  403. 

Haller ,  Joseph ,  nom  de  plume,  V.  49,  1  a. 
Halles  centrales  [al  sang-tral],  Paris  markets, 
XIII.  88,  2  be. 

Hallettsville,  county  seat,  X.  213,  1  a. 
Hal'levi:  see  Judah,  IX.  699,  1  c. 

Halley,  Edmund,  English  astronomer,  VIII. 
'  404.  Halley’s  comet,  1  b  ;  V.  140,  1  c.  His 
chart  of  the  compass  variations,  VIII.  404, 
1  a;  XII.  181,  1  b. 

Hallier  [hal-leer'],  (Ernst,  born  1831,  professor 
of  botany  at  Jena),  observations  on  fermen¬ 
tation  by,  VII.  145,  2  ab. 

Halliwell,  James  Orchard,  English  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  VIII.  404. 

Halloween' :  see  Hallow  Eve. 

Hallowell,  city  of  Maine,  VIII.  404. 

Hallow  Eve,  VIII.  405.  See  All  Saints’  Day. 
Hallowmas  Eve  :  see  Hallow  Eve. 
Hallucination ,  in  insanity,  IX.  301,  2  a. 

Halm ,  Friedrich  [halm],  pseudonyme,  XII. 
40,  1  a. 

Halmahera  [hal-ma-ha'-ra] :  see  Gilolo. 
Halmatu’rus  (zoology),  IX.  744,  2  b. 

Halo,  in  meteorology,  VIII.  405.  Coronae, 
1  c.  Anthelia,  2  be.  Halos  proper,  400, 

1  a.  Parhelia  and  paraselenae,  1  c. 

Halocyp' selus  (ichthyology),  VII.  298,  1  a.  H. 

mesogaster,  ib. 

Hal'ogens  (chemistry),  XII.  476,  2  b. 

Haloid  salts  (chemistry),  XII.  476,  2  b. 
Halotrichite  [hal-ot'-re-kite],  mineral,  XV.  453, 

2  b. 


Haloxyline  [hal-ox'-e-lin],  explosive  powder, 

VII.  36,  1  c. 

Hals,  Franciscus  [halce],  painter,  VIII.  407. 
Halstead,  Murat  [hawl'-sted],  American  jour¬ 
nalist,  VIII.  407. 

Halteres  [hal'-te-reez],  in  diptera,  VI.  128, 1  ab. 
Haltica  (entomology),  XVI.  76.  H.  nemorum, 

1  b  (ill.).  Other  species. 

Halton  [hawl'-tun],  county,  Canada,  VIII.  407. 
Hal'ybueton,  Thomas,  Scottish  theologian, 

VIII.  407. 

Ha'lys,  river  of  Asia  Minor,  VIII.  407. 

Ham  [am],  town  of  France,  VIII.  407.  Castle 
of,  2  c  (ill.,  408). 

Ham,  son  of  Noah,  VIII.  408. 

Hamadan  [ha-ma-dan'J,  town  of  Persia,  VIII. 

408. 

Ham'  adryad,  snake,  IX.  204,  1  c. 

Hamadryads ,  in  mythology,  VI.  276,  2  a;  XII. 
549,  2  c. 

Hamah  [ha-ma'],  city  of  Syria,  VIII.  408  (view). 

Inscriptions  at,  409,  1  c  (ill.). 

Hamame'Us  Virgin'ica  (botany),  XVI.  691, 

2  c  (ill.). 

Ha'man,  minister  of  Ahasuerus,  VIII.  409. 
Hamann,  Johann  Georg  [ha'-man],  German 
author,  VIII.  409. 

Hamasa  [ha-ma'-sa],  collection  of  eastern  po¬ 
etry,  I.  41,  2  c ;  623,  2  b. 

Ha' math :  see  Hamah. 

Hambach  [ham'-bakh],  village  of  Bavaria,  VIII. 

409.  Hambacher  Fest,  410,  1  a. 

Hamblen,  county,  VIII.  410. 

Ham'bueg  [Ger.  ham'-boorg],  free  state  of 
Germany,  VIII.  410.  City,  1  c  (view). 
History,  411,  1  c.  Great  fire,  2  b;  V.  236, 
2  c.  Archives  of,  X.  165,  2  ab. 

Hamburgs,  fowls,  IV.  783,  2  c. 

Hameln  [ha'-meln],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII. 

411.  Piper  of  Hameln,  2  c. 

Hameeling,  Robert,  Geyman  poet,  VIII.  412. 
IIam'eeton,  Philip  Gilbert,  English  author  and 
artist,  VIII.  412.  His  “positive  process” 
in  etching,  VI.  652,  1  a. 

Hamesucken  [haim'-sook-en],  in  Scotch  law, 
III.  448,  2  c. 

Hamil'car ,  Carthaginian  general,  his  defeat  at 
Himera,  VIII.  733,  2  c. 

Hamilcae  Baeca,  general,  VIII.  412 ;  442,  1 
ab.  His  management  of  cavalry,  IV.  142, 1  c. 
Hamilton,  name  of  nine  counties,  VIII.  412. 
Hamilton,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  413. 

Madison  university,  414,  1  a. 

Hamilton,  city  of  Ohio,  VIII.  414. 


HAMILTON 


HAMPTON 


371 


Hamilton,  city  of  Nevada,  VIII.  414. 
Hamilton ,  county  seats,  VIII.  413, 1  b ;  477,  1  c. 
Hamilton,  city  of  Canada,  VIII.  414. 
Hamilton,  borough  of  Scotland,  VIII.  415. 

,  Hamilton,  Alexander,  American  statesman, 
..  VIII.  415.  His  reply  to  an  attack  on  the 
continental  congress  by  Samuel  Seabury,  2  e. 
His  share  in  framing  the  constitution,  XVI. 
190,  2  b.  Plan  of  a  national  government, 
VIII.  417,  2  a.  Jefferson’s  controversy  with 
him,  418,  1  be;  IX.  595,  2  c.  Charge  of 
corruption  and  peculation,  VIII.  418,  2  b  ; 

VII.  810,  1  b ;  his  vindication,  VIII.  418, 
2  c.  His  support  of  Washington’s  French 
policy,  419,  1  b.  Opposition  to  John  Adams, 
1  be.  His  doctrine  of  libel,  2  ab.  Duel  with 
Burr,  2  be.  His  life  and  works  by  John  C. 
Hamilton,  &c.,  420,  1  a.  On  political  econ¬ 
omy,  XIII.  674,  2  c.  Public  credit  in  the 
United  States  after  the  revolution,  VIII. 
418,  1  a ;  measures  of  finance,  1  b. 

Hamilton,  Count  Anthony,  French  writer, 

VIII.  420. 

Hamilton,  Elizabeth,  Irish  authoress,  VIII. 
420. 

Hamilton ,  Gail ,  nom  de  plume,  XVI.  200,  2  b. 
Hamilton,  Gavin,  Scottish  artist,  VIII.  420. 
Hamilton ,  Harriet  Georgina  (Lady  Dufferin), 
authoress,  VI.  299,  1  c. 

Hamilton,  James,  American  statesman,  VIII. 

420. 

Hamilton ,  Lady  Emma  Lyon :  see  Hamilton, 
Sir  William,  antiquary  (Index). 

Hamilton,  Robert,  Scottish  mathematician, 
VIII.  421. 

Hamilton,  William,  Scottish  poet,  VIII.  421. 
Hamilton,  Sir  William,  British  antiquary,  VIII. 

421.  Emma  Lyon  (Lady  Hamilton),  his 
wife,  2  b.  Her  connection  with  Lord  Nel¬ 
son,  422, 1  ab ;  XII.  221,  1  b,  ff. ;  III.  765,  2  b. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William,  Scottish  philosopher, 
VIII.  422.  His  philosophy,  423,  2  a;  XIII. 
430,  1  ab,  c,  2  b;  431,  1  ab;  445,  2  be.  On 
the  identity  of  the  absolute  and  the  infinite, 
I.  34,  2  a.  On  logic,  X.  581,  1  c. 

Hamilton, William  Gerard  (Single-speech  Ham¬ 
ilton),  VIII.  423.  His  relations  with  Burke, 
III.  456,  1  c. 

Hamilton,  William  Richard,  English  archee- 
ologist,  VIII.  423.  His  seizure  of  the  Ro¬ 
setta  stone  from  the  French,  2  c ;  rescue  of 
the  Elgin  marbles,  424,  1  a. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William  Rowan,  British  phi¬ 
losopher,  VIII.  424.  His  prediction  of  the 


conical  refraction  in  biaxal  crystals,  2  a. 
Calculus  of  quaternions,  2  b  :  see  Calculus, 
III.  571, 1  c.  Deduction  from  Fresnel’s  the¬ 
ory  of  double  refraction,  X.  451,  2  a. 

Hamilton  College,  New  York,  VIII.  424. 

Hamilton  palace,  Scotland,  VIII.  415,  1  c. 

Ham'ites,  XIV.  7 60, 2  a,  ff.  See  Ham,  and  Accad. 

Hamitic  Semites ,  XIV.  760,  2  a. 

Hamlet,  prince  of  Denmark,  VIII.  425.  His 
so-called  tomb,  VI.  554,  1  c. 

Hamlin,  county,  VIII.  425. 

Hamlin ,  county  seat,  X.  487,  1  c. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal,  American  statesman,  VIII. 
425. 

IIamline,  Leonidas  Lent  [ham'-lin],  American 
clergyman,  VIII.  425.  On  the  right  of  the 
general  conference  to  depose  a  bishop,  2  c. 

Hamm  [ham],  city  of  Prussia,  VIII.  426. 

Hamme  [ham'-mbh],  town  of  Belgium,  VIII. 426. 

Hammer,  mechanical  tool,  VIII.  426.  Tilt 
hammer,  2  a  (ill.).  High-speed  steam  ham¬ 
mer,  2  c  (ill.,  427). 

Hammer  of  a  musket,  XII.  97,  1  b,  2  a. 

Hammer  of  heretics,  sobriquet,  I.  214,  2  a. 

Hammer,  Julius  [ham'-mer],  German  author, 
VIII.  427. 

Hammerfest,  seaport  of  Norway,  VIII.  427. 

Hammer-Puegstall,  Joseph  von  [-poorg'-stal], 
German  orientalist,  VIII.  427. 

Hammersmith,  village  of  England,  VIII.  428. 

Hammond,  James  Hamilton,  American  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  428. 

Hammond,  Samuel,  American  revolutionary 
officer,  VIII.  428. 

Hammond,  William  Alexander,  American  phy¬ 
sician,  VIII.  428. 

IIamon,  Jean  Louis  [a-mong],  French  painter, 
VIII.  428. 

Hampden,  county,  VIII.  429. 

Hampden,  John,  English  statesman,  VIII.  429. 
His  opposition  to  “  ship  money,”  2  a.  Charge 
of  high  treason  brought  against  him,  IV.  280, 

1  c.  His  opinion  of  Cromwell’s  scheme  for 
reforming  the  army,  V.  501,  2  b. 

Hampden,  Renn  Dickson,  English  bishop  and 
scholar,  VIII.  430. 

Hampden  Sidney  College,  Virginia,  VIII.  430. 

Hampshire,  two  counties,  VIII.  430. 

Hampshire,  county  of  England,  VIII.  430. 

Hampstead,  suburb  of  London,  VIII.  431. 

Hampton,  town  of  Virginia,  VIII.  431.  Hamp¬ 
ton  institute  (colored),  1  b. 

Hampton,  county  seats,  III.  583, 1  c ;  VII.  434, 

2  c;  X.  6,  1  a. 


372 


HAMPTON 


HANTS 


Hampton,  parish  of  England,  VIII.  431.  Hamp¬ 
ton  Court,  2  he  (ill.). 

Hampton,  Wade,  American  soldier,  VIII.  432. 
Wade,  confederate  soldier,  1  b  (governor  of 
South  Carolina,  1876). 

Hampton  Roads,  Chesapeake  bay,  VIII.  432. 
Naval  battles  in,  2  a,  ff. ;  IX.  381,  2  b.  Hamp¬ 
ton  Roads  conference,  IX.  72,  2  c;  X.  498, 
1  ab ;  XV.  373,  2  c. 

Hamster,  animal,  VIII.  433  (ill.).  Hamster 
mouse,  2  ab.  Georgia  hamster,  110,  2  be. 
Hamza ,  Messiah  of  the  Druses,  VI.  272,  2  b. 
Hanau  [ha'-now],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  433. 

Hanau-Munzenberg  and  -Lichtenberg,  2  b. 
Hanbalites :  see  Sunna,  and  XI.  627,  1  b. 
Hancock,  ten  counties,  VIII.  433. 

Hancock,  John,  American  statesman,  VIII. 
435.  President  of  the  continental  congress, 

1  be.  First  governor  of  Massachusetts,  1  c. 
Hancock  and  Rainbow ,  fight  between  the  :  see 

Manley,  John. 

Hancock,  Winfield  Scott,  American  soldier, 
VIII.  435. 

Hand,  county,  VIII.  436. 

Hand  organ ,  XII.  691,  1  b. 

Han'del,  Georg  Friedrich  (Ger.  Handel ,  hen'- 
del),  German  composer,  VIII.  436  ;  XII.  90, 

2  b.  Characterization  of,  VIII.  439,  2  c. 
Handel  Maatschapij  [ban'- del  mat'-ska-pi], 

Dutch  trading  association,  XII.  244,  2  b. 
Handicap ,  in  horse  racing,  XVI.  49,  2  a. 
Hand-in  and  hand-out ,  game  :  see  Cricket. 
Hand  squirts:  see  Fire  Engine,  VII.  210, 
2  be. 

Haneberg,  Daniel  [ha'-neh-bairg],  German  the¬ 
ologian,  VIII.  440. 

Hang  bird  (Baltimore  bird),  II.  257,  2  a. 
Hangchow',  city  of  China,  VIII.  440. 
Hang-nest  :  see  Baltimore  Bird.  Origin  of 
the  name,  XVI.  6,  1  b. 

Hanging  gardens ,  of  Babylon,  II.  186,  2  a,  ff. 
Hanging  rock  iron  region ,  IX.  799,  1  be. 
Hango,  or  Hango-Udd,  seaport  of  Finland, 
VIII.  440. 

Hanifah  [ha-ne'-fa],  founder  of  a  Mussulman 
sect,  VIII.  441. 

Han'ifites:  see  Hanifah,  Sunna,  and  XI.  697, 

1  b. 

Hanka,  Venceslav  [han'-ka],  Bohemian  phi¬ 
lologist,  VIII.  441. 

Hankel,  Wilhelm  Gottlieb,  German  natural 
philosopher,  VIII.  441. 

Hankow',  city  of  China,  VIII.  441. 

Hanley,  town  of  England,  VIII.  441. 


Hannaford ,  photo-lithographic  process  of,  X. 
529,  2  b. 

Hannay,  James,  British  author,  VIII.  441. 
Hannibal,  city  of  Missouri,  VIII.  441. 
Hannibal,  Carthaginian  general,  VIII.  442. 
War  in  Spain,  1  b.  Second  Punic  war  be¬ 
gun,  1  c ;  passage  over  the  Alps,  2  b ;  war 
in  Italy,  2  c ;  battle  of  Cannm,  443,  2  a  (see 
Cannae).  His  return  to  Africa,  444,  1  a ; 
battle  of  Zama,  1  ab.  His  political  career, 

1  b.  Refugee,  1  be.  His  death,  2  a.  His 
management  of  cavalry,  IV.  142,  1  c. 

Hannibal ,  son  of  Gisco,  capture  of  Himera  by, 
VIII.  734,  1  a. 

Hannibal  ante  portas ,  proverb,  VIII.  443,  1  b. 
Hanno,  Carthaginian  navigator,  VIII.  444. 
As  an  explorer,  2  ab ;  VII.  683,  1  c.  His 
Periplus,  VIII.  444,  2  b. 

Hanno,  the  Great,  general  and  statesman, 
VIII.  444. 

Hanno ,  Saint:  see  Anno.  Allusion  to,  I.  80, 1  c. 
Han'over,  county,  VIII.  445. 

Hanover,  town  of  New  Hampshire,  VIII.  445. 

Town  of  Indiana,  1  c.  Hanover  college,  ib. 
Hanover,  province  of  Prussia,  VIII.  445.  His¬ 
tory,  446,  1  be.  A  kingdom,  2  ab.  Its  an¬ 
nexation  to  Prussia :  see  George  V.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  b. 

Hanover  Court  House,  Battle  of :  see  Chick- 
ahominy,  IV.  411,  1  ab. 

Hanoverian  succession:  see  George  I.,  and 
England,  VI.  616,  1  a. 

Hansa  [han'-sa] :  see  Hanseatic  League. 
Hansards ,  merchants,  VIII.  447,  2  b. 

Hanse  [angce],  French  guild,  VIII.  305,  1  a. 
Hanseat'io  League,  VIII.  447.  Hanseatic 
trading  factory  in  Bergen,  II.  556,  2  b ;  in 
London,  VIII.  447,  2  b  ;  in  Bruges,  2  be  ;  in 
Novgorod,  ib .,  and  XII.  527,  2  ab. 

Hansen,  Peter  Andreas  [han'-zen],  German 
astronomer,  VIII.  448. 

Hanse  towns  :  see  Hanseatic  League.  Their 
control  over  their  foreign  factories,  II.  556, 

2  be.  Free  Hanse  towns,  VIII.  448,  1  c. 
Hanska ,  Countess  Evelina ,  II.  259,  2  b. 
Hanson,  county,  VIII.  448. 

Hanssens,  Charles  Louis,  Belgian  composer, 
VIII.  448. 

Hansteen,  Christopher  [han'-stain],  Norwegian 
astronomer,  VIII.  448. 

Hansivurst  [hance'-voorst],  harlequin,  VIII. 
463,  2  b. 

Hants,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  VIII.  449. 
Hants,  county  of  England  :  see  Hampshire. 


! 


HANUMAN 

Hanuman  [ha-noo-man'],  fort  of,  Oude,  XII. 
741,  1  b. 

Hanway,  Jonas,  English  author,  VIII.  449. 
First  Englishman  that  carried  an  umbrella, 

1  c ;  XVI.  109,  1  a. 

Hapale  [hap'-a-le],  (zoology),  XI.  181,  1  b,  c. 
II.  jacchus,  1  c  (ill.). 

Happiness ,  the  greatest,  in  ethics  (“the  great¬ 
est  happiness  principle  ”),  XI.  814,  1  b. 
IIaps'burg,  Swiss  castle,  VIII.  449.  Counts 
of,  1  c.  Ilapsburg  dynasty  in  Germany,  2  a ; 

VII.  753,  1  c.  In  Hungary,  IX.  57,  2  ab. 
In  Austria,  Switzerland,  Spain,  &c.,  VIII. 
449,  2  b  ;  II.  143,  2c,£;  XV.  529,  2  c, 
212,  1  be.  In  Italjs  IX.  450,  2  c,  452,  1  ab. 
In  the  Netherlands,  XII.  247,  1  a. — Geffery 
Feilding,  count  of  Hapsburg,  VIII.  450,  1  a. 

Hapsburg ,  fortress  of  the  counts  of,  X.  704,  2  a. 
Hapuku  [ha-poo-koo'J,  fish,  XII.  411,  1  a. 
Harafo'ras,  savage  people  of  Celebes,  &c., 

VIII.  450. 

Hara-kiri  [ha'-ra-ke'-re],  Japanese  method  of 
suicide,  IX.  535,  1  b. 

Har'ald  Har'drada ,  king  of  Norway,  XII.  510, 

2  c;  VIII.  471,  1  c,  2  a  (Harold). 

Harold  Harfager ,  king  of  Norway,  XII.  510,  2  a. 
Haralson,  county,  VIII.  450. 

Haram  esh-Sherif  [ha-ram'  esh-sha-reef'],  en¬ 
closure  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  615,  2  ab. 

Harar  [ha-rar'],  country  and  town  of  E.  Africa, 
VIII.  450.  Described  by  Burton,  451,  1  a. 
Harbaugh,  Henry  [har'-baw],  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  VIII.  451. 

Harbor  Grace,  Newfoundland,  VIII.  451. 
Harburg  [har'-boorg],  Prussia,  VIII.  451. 
Harcourt,  Sir  William  George  Granville  Ver¬ 
non  [har'-kurt],  English  lawyer,  VIII.  451. 
Hardacanute :  see  Hardicanute. 

“  Hard  a-lee :  ”  see  Ship,  XIV.  867,  1  b. 
Hardecanute:  see  Hardicanute. 

Hardee,  William  J.,  American  soldier,  VIII.  451. 
Hardeman,  two  counties,  VIII.  451. 
IIaedenberg,  Friedrich  von,  baron  [har'-den- 
bairg],  (Novalis),  German  author,  VIII.  452. 
Hardenberg,  Karl  August  von,  prince,  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  452.  His  policy  of  reforms  in 
Prussia,  2  ab. 

Hardenburgh1 s  Corners  (Auburn),  II.  100,  2  a. 
IIarderwyk,  or  Harderwijk  [har'-der-wike], 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  VIII.  452. 
Hardback  :  see  Spiraea,  XV.  274,  2  a  (ill.). 
Hardhead  :  see  Menhaden. 

Har'dicanute,  last  Danish  king  of  England, 
VIII.  453. 


HARGREAVES  373 

Hardiknut  [har'-de-knoot] :  see  Hardicanute. 
Hardin,  six  counties,  VIII.  453. 

Hardin ,  county  seats,  III.  583,  2  a  ;  VIII.  453, 

1  c. 

Harding,  Chester,  American  painter,  VIII.  453. 
IIardinge,  Henry,  viscount  [har'-ding],  Eng¬ 
lish  soldier,  VIII.  454.  Charles  Stewart, 
viscount,  2  b. 

Hardinsburg ,  county  seat,  III.  241,  1  b. 
Hardness  of  water,  XVI.  496,  2  b. 

Hardouin,  Jean  [ar-dwang],  Jesuit  scholar, 
VIII.  454. 

Hard  rubber  (ebonite),  III.  737,  1  c ;  740,  1  a. 
Hardt  mountains ,  Bavaria,  II.  400,  1  b. 
Hardwell  camp ,  England,  II.  562,  1  c. 
Hardwick,  Charles,  English  theologian,  VIII. 

455. 

IIardwicke,  Earls  of,  VIII.  455.  Philip 
Yorke,  jurist,  1  b.  Philip  Yorke,  author, 

2  a.  Philip  Yorke,  lord  lieutenant  of  Ire¬ 
land,  2  ab.  Charles  Philip  Yorke,  naval 
officer,  2  b. 

Hardy,  county,  VIII.  455. 

Hare,  animal,  VIII.  455.  European  hare, 

456,  1  c  (ill.).  Difference  between  the  hare 
and  the  rabbit,  1  be.  Northern  hare,  457, 

1  b  (ill.).  Texan  hare:  see  Rabbit,  XIV. 
160,  1  b.  Little  chief  hare,  XIII.  509,  1  c 
(ill.).  Jumping  hare,  IX.  606,  1  b. 

Hare,  Julius  Charles,  English  clergyman  and 
writer,  VIII.  457.  Augustus  William,  clergy¬ 
man  and  writer,  458,  1  c.  Augustus  Julius 
Charles,  author,  ib. 

Hare,  Robert,  American  physicist,  VIII.  458. 
His  invention  of  the  oxyhydrogen  blowpipe, 

2  a  (see  Blowpipe)  ;  of  valve  cock  or  gallows 
screw,  2  be ;  of  calorimotor,  2  c,  VII.  589, 
2  c  (ill.) ;  of  deflagrator,  VIII.  458,  2  c ;  of 
hydrometer,  IX.  124,  2  c. 

Harebell,  plant,  VIII.  459  (ill.). 

Hare  Lip,  VIII.  459.  Operation  of  staphylora- 
phy,  2  be. 

Ha'rem,  VIII.  459.  Description  of  by  Lady 
Mary  Montagu,  460,  1  c ;  by  Mrs.  Caroline 
Paine,  2  b  ;  by  ladies  of  William  H.  Seward’s 
party,  2  c ;  by  Mrs.  Leonowens,  461,  1  c. 
Haren'gula  (ichthyology),  VIII.  696,  2  b;  XV. 

287,  1  ab.  H.  sprattus,  ib. 

IIarfleur  [ar-fliihr],  town  of  France,  VIII.  461. 
Har'ford,  county,  VIII.  461. 

Hargraves,  Edmund  Hammond,  discoverer  of 
gold  in  Australia,  VIII.  461. 

Hargreaves ,  James ,  inventor  of  the  spinning 
jenny,  V.  411,  2  a ;  I.  718,  1  a,  c. 


374 


HARHO 


HARRIER 


Harho ,  salt  plain  in  Adal,  I.  80,  1  a. 

Haricot  [Fr.  a-re-ko],  bean,  II.  416,  2  a. 

Harim  [Ar.  ha-reem'j :  see  Harem. 

Haring,  Wilhelm  [lia'-ring],  German  novelist, 
VIII.  462. 

IIarington,  Sir  John,  English  poet,  VIII.  462. 
Hariri,  Abu  Mohammed  Kasem  ben  Ali  [ha- 
re'-re],  Arabian  poet,  VIII.  462. 

Harl ,  of  flax,  VII.  263,  2  c. 

Harlan,  two  counties,  VIII.  463. 

Harlan ,  county  seats,  VIII.  463,  1  b ;  XIV. 
842,  2  a. 

Harlan  (Richard,  M.  D.,  1796-1843,  professor 
in  Philadelphia),  his  classification  of  reptiles, 
VIII.  695,  1  a. 

Harland ,  Marion ,  pseudonyme,  XV.  657,  2  a. 
Harlay,  Achille  de  [dull  ar-la],  French  jurist, 
VIII.  463. 

Harlei'an  collection ,  library  of  manuscripts, 
VIII.  464,  2  ab;  III.  297,  2  c. 

“  Harleian  Miscellany ,”  VIII.  464,  2  b. 
Harlem  :  see  Haarlem. 

Harlem)  part  of  New  York  city,  XII.  374,  1  a. 

River,  373,  2  ab,  be ;  384,  1  c  (see  map). 
Harlequin  [har'-le-kin],  VIII.  463.  Supposed 
origin  of  Italian  harlequins,  II.  554,  2  c. 
Harless,  Gottlieb  Christoph  Adolf,  German 
theologian,  VIII.  463. 

Harley,  Robert,  earl  of  Oxford,  British  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  464  ;  III.  297,  2  c  ;  XV.  201, 1  c. 
Edward,  VIII.  464,  2  ab ;  III.  297,  2  c. 
Harlingen  [har'-ling-en],  town  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  VIII.  464. 

Harlow,  George  Henry,  English  painter,  VIII. 
465. 

Harmattan',  a  wind,  VIII.  465;  I.  165,  2  ab ; 

V.  635,  lb;  XV.  60,  1  c ;  XVI.  659,  1  b. 
Harmer,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  VIII. 
465. 

Harmo'diits  and  Aristogi'ton,  VIII.  465. 
Harmonia ,  in  Greek  mythology,  I.  263,  2  a,  b; 

III.  538,  2  c;  XII.  118,  1  c. 

HarmonTca,  musical  instrument,  VIII.  465. 
Harmonics ,  in  music,  I.  70,  2  c;  XII.  689,  1  c. 
See  Harmony. 

Harmonic  series ,  VIII.  467,  1  a ;  XV.  178,  1  a. 
Harmoniphone ,  musical  instrument,  XII.  94,  2  b. 
Harmonists  :  see  Rapp,  Georg. 

Harmonium ,  musical  instrument,  XIV.  242, 
2  b,  be. 

Harmony, in  music,  VIII. 466.  Theoriesof,  1  be. 
Causes  and  nature  of  sound,  2  a;  467,  2  a; 
468,  1  a,  c.  Harmonic  series,  467, 1  a.  Dif¬ 
ference  tones,  469,  1  c.  Summation  tones, 


ib.  Relation  of  the  pitch  to  the  time  of  the 
residual  sensation,  2  ab;  470,  1  a. 

Harmony  of  the  universe ,  preestablished ,  Leib¬ 
nitz’s  doctrine  of,  X.  325,  1  b. 

Harms,  Claus,  German  theologian,  VIII.  470. 
Hamden ,  William  F. :  see  Express,  V II.  40, 
2  a,  b ;  41,  1  a. 

Harness,  William,  English  clergyman,  VIII. 

470.  Lord  Byron’s  kindness  to  him,  1  c. 
Harnett,  county,  VIII.  470. 

Harnett,  Cornelius,  American  statesman,  VIII. 
470. 

Harod ,  well  of :  see  Gilboa. 

Harold  I.  [har'-uld],  Harefoot,  king  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  VIII.  470. 

Harold  II.,  last  Anglo-Saxon  king,  VIII.  471. 

Battle  of  Hastings,  2  a :  see  Hastings. 
Harold ,  kings  of  Norway :  see  Harald  (Index). 
Haroun  al-Rashid  [ha-roon'  al-rash'-id  or  -ra- 
sheed'],  caliph,  VIII.  471.  His  friendship  for 
Charlemagne,  472,  lb;  I.  7,  1  b.  His  toler¬ 
ant  spirit,  V.  527,  2  c. 

Harp,  musical  instrument,  VIII.  472. 

Harp,  mollusk,  VIII.  472  (ill.). 

Harpa  (mollusca),  VIII.  472,  2  b.  II.  ventri- 
culata  (ill.). 

Harpactor  cinctus  (entomology),  XIII.  770,  1  a 
(ill.). 

Har'pagus ,  Persian  officer,  V.  620,  2  c;  621, 

1  a,  b. 

Harper,  county,  VIII.  472. 

Harper ,  James ,  paper  machine  of,  XIII.  50, 1  c. 
Harper,  Robert  Goodloe,  American  lawyer, 
VIII.  472. 

Harper  and  Brothers,  American  printers  and 
publishers,  VIII.  473. 

Harper’s  Ferry,  town  of  Virginia,  VIII.  473 
(view,  474).  Scene  of  John  Brown’s  raid, 

2  c ;  III.  340,  1  b. 

Harpies,  in  mythology,  VIII.  474.  Harpy 
monument  in  Lycia,  2  be. 

Harpocrates  [har-pok'-ra-teez] :  see  IIorus. 
IIarpocration,  V alerius  [liar-po-kra'-te-on], 
Greek  philologist,  VIII.  474. 

Harporhynchus  rvfus  (ornithology),  XV.  729, 
1  a  (ill.,  728). 

Harpsichord,  musical  instrument,  VIII.  474; 
XIII.  488,  1  b. 

Harpur ,  Sir  William ,  philanthropist,  11.448, 1  b. 
Harpy,  in  mythology :  see  Harpies. 

Harpy,  bird,  VIII.  475  (ill.). 

Har'pyia destructor  (ornithology), VIII.  475,  la. 
Harran ,  identification  of,  II.  482,  1  b. 
Harrier,  hound,  VIII.  475  (ill.) ;  II.  413,  1  b. 


HARRIER 


HARTWELL 


375 


Harrier,  hawk,  VIII.  475  (ill.,  476). 

IIarring,  Harro  Paul  [h&r'-ring],  German  au¬ 
thor,  YI II.  476. 

Harrington,  James,  English  political  writer, 
VIII.  476. 

Harrington,  Sir  John  :  see  Harington. 
Harriot,  Thomas,  English  mathematician,  VIII. 
477 ;  I.  302,  1  b.  His  discovery  of  the  sun 
spots,  VIII.  477,  lb;  XV.  471,  2  a. 

Harris,  two  counties,  VIII.  477. 

Harris,  James,  English  philologist,  VIII.  477. 
Harris,  John,  English  clergyman,  VIII.  477. 
Harris,  Thaddeus  William,  American  natural¬ 
ist,  VIII.  478.  His  classification  of  insects, 
VI.  662,  2  b. 

Harris,  Thomas  Lake,  communistic  reformer, 
VIII.  478.  His  investigations  in  spiritualism, 
1  c.  Founder  of  the  “Brotherhood  of  the 
New  Life,”  2  b. 

Harris,  William,  clergyman,  VIII.  479. 

Harris ,  Sir  William  Snow  (English  surgeon, 
1792-1867),  his  experiments  in  electricity, 
X.  465,  1  b.  His  copper  lightning  rods,  2  b. 
Harris,  William  Torrey,  American  philosopher, 
VIII.  479. 

Harrisburg,  capital  of  Pennsylvania,  VIII. 
479  (view,  480). 

Harrisburg ,  county  seat,  XIV.  565,  1  c. 
Harrisburgh,  county  seat,  XIII.  637,  2  b. 
Harrison,  eight  counties,  VIII.  480. 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  American  statesman, 
VIII.  481. 

Harrison,  John,  English  mechanician,  VIII. 
481.  His  invention  of  the  chronometer,  2  c, 
627,  2  b :  see  Clocks  and  Watches,  IV.  699, 
1  c,  703,  2  b. 

Harrison,  John,  English  regicide,  VIII.  482. 
Harrison,  William  Henry,  president  of  the 
United  States,  VIII.  482.  Governor  of  In¬ 
diana  territory,  1  be.  Battle  of  Tippecanoe, 

1  c ;  IX.  239,  2  ab.  U.  S.  senator  from  Ohio, 
VIII.  482,  2  a.  Candidate  for  the  presidency, 

2  b.  Denominated  and  elected,  2  c.  His 
sudden  death,  483,  1  a. 

Harrisonburg ,  county  seats,  IV:  96,  2  b;  XIV. 
368,  2  c. 

Harrisonville ,  county  seat,  IV.  59,  2  a. 
Harrisville ,  county  seat,  XIV.  347,  1  be. 
Harrod ,  Capt.  James ,  referred  to,  VIII.  483,  1  c. 
Haerodsburg,  town  of  Kentucky,  VIII.  483. 

Daughters’  college,  1  b. 

Harrogate,  English  watering  place,  VIII.  483. 
Harrow,  or  Harrow-on-the-Hill,  village  of 
England,  VIII.  483.  Harrow  school,  1  c  (ill.). 


Harrowgate :  see  Harrogate. 

Harry  Long-legs ,  insect,  VI.  129,  1  c. 

Hart :  see  Stag,  XV.  302,  1  be. 

Hart,  two  counties,  VIII.  483. 

Hart)  county  seat,  XII.  573,  1  b. 

Hart,  James  McDougal,  American  painter, 
VIII.  483. 

Hart,  Joel  T.,  sculptor,  VIII.  484.  (Died  1877.) 
Hart,  John,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In¬ 
dependence,  VIII.  484. 

Hart,  John  Seely,  American  author,  VIII. 

484.  (Died  1877.) 

Hart,  Solomon  Alexander,  English  painter, 
VIII.  484. 

Hart,  William,  American  painter,  VIII.  484. 
Harte ,  Emma :  see  Hamilton,  VIII.  421,  2  b. 
Harte,  Francis  Bret,  American  author,  VIII-, 

485. 

Harte,  Walter,  English  author,  VIII.  485. 
IIartebeest  [har'-teh-baist] :  see  Antelope, 
1.  546,  1  c. 

Hartford,  county,  VIII.  485. 

Hartford,  capital  of  Connecticut,  VIII.  485. 
New  state  house,  486,  1  c  (ill.).  History, 
488,  2  c. 

Hartford ,  county  seats,  II.  678,  2  c;  XII.  603, 
1  ab. 

Hartford  Convention,  VIII.  489.  Its  effect 
on  the  federal  party,  490,  2  a. 

Hartingau  [har'-tin-gow],  district,  II.  695,  2  a. 
Hartlepool,  town  of  England,  VIII.  490. 

West,  2  ab.  The  Ilartlepools,  2  c. 

Hartley,  David,  English  philosopher,  VIII. 
490 ;  XIII.  445,  2  a.  On  dreaming,  VI.  255, 

1  a. — David,  his  son,  VIII.  491, 1  b  ;  opposed 
to  war  on  the  American  colonies,  ib. ;  promo¬ 
ter  of  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade,  ib. 

Hartley  and  Maucli ,  discoverers  of  gold  fields 
in  South  Africa,  VIII.  75,  2  ab. 

Hartmann,  Eduard  von,  German  philosopher, 
VIII.  491;  XI.  814,  1  a;  XIII.  443,  2  b. 
Hartmann,  Moritz,  German  poet,  VIII.  491. 
Hartshorn,  Spirits  of:  see  Ammonia,  I.  427, 

2  b.  Burnt  hartshorn,  for  cleansing  jewelry, 
III.  62,  1  a. 

Hartsoeker,  Nicolaas  [hart'-soo-ker],  Dutch 
philosopher,  VIII.  491. 

Hart's  tongue ,  fern,  VII.  150,  2  a  (ilk). 
Hartsville,  town  of  Indiana,  VIII.  492. 
Hartsville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  8,  1  a. 

Hartt ,  Prof.  G.  F.,  oldest  fossil  insects  dis¬ 
covered  by,  IX.  314,  2  a. 

Hartville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  736,  2  b. 
Hartwell ,  county  seat,  VIII.  483,  2  be. 


376 


HARTWICK 


HATCHING 


Hartwick,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  492. 

Hartwick  seminary,  1  c. 

Haktz,  mountain  range  of  Germany,  VIII.  492. 
The  Brocken,  2  be  (ill.).  Rosstrappe,  2  c. 
Rammelsberg,  ib.  School  of  mines,  493,  1  c. 
Haetzexbtjscii,  JuanEugenio^art'-sen-boosh], 
Spanish  author,  VIII.  493. 

Haruja  [ha-roo'-ya],  wart  hog,  XVI.  465,  2  c. 
Haevakd,  John,  clergyman,  founder  of  Har¬ 
vard  college,  VIII.  494. 

Harvaed  University,  VIII.  494.  History, 

1  c.  List  of  presidents,  495,  1  a.  External 
administration,  1  b  ;  internal,  2  b.  Univer¬ 
sity  buildings,  1  c,  ff.  (ills.).  Courses  of 
study  in  the  college,  2  c.  Undergraduates’ 
expenses  and  benefits,  498,  1  b.  Divinity 
school,  1  c.  Law  school,  2  a.  Lawrence 
scientific  school,  2  b.  School  of  mining,  2  c. 
Medical  school,  499,  1  a.  School  of  agricul¬ 
ture  and  horticulture,  2  a.  Museum  of  com¬ 
parative  zoology,  2  ab.  Anderson  school  of 
natural  history,  2  b.  Peabody  museum,  ib. 
Degrees,  2  c.  Fellowships,  500,  1  c.  Li¬ 
braries,  2  a.  Officers  of  instruction,  2  b  ; 
number  of  students,  ib. 

Harvest  Fly,  VIII.  501.  Seventeen  years 
locust,  2  a  (ill.).  ,  European  harvest  flies, 

502,  2  c  (ill.). 

Harvey,  county,  VIII.  503. 

Harvey, Sir  George, painter,  VIII.503.  (D.1876.) 
Harvey,  William,  English  physician,  VIII. 

503.  His  discovery  of  the  circulation  of  the 
blood,  1  c ;  IV.  607,  1  b ;  I.  460,  2  a ;  VII. 
53,  1  be.  His  experiment  on  induration 
and  contraction,  VIII.  559,  1  a.  On  the 
identity  of  generation  in  oviparous  and  vivip¬ 
arous  animals,  VI.  561,  1  a. 

Harvey,  William,  English  engraver  and  de¬ 
signer,  VIII.  504. 

Harvey  archipelago ,  V.  301,  1  c. 

Harwich  [har'-ij],  England,  VIII.  504. 
Harwood,  Edward,  English  author,  VIII.  504. 
Hasa  [h&'-sa],  province  of  Nedjed,  XII.  207,  2  b. 
Hasbany  [has-ba'-ne],  river,  IX.  683,  1  c. 
IIas'drubal,  name  of  several  Carthaginian 
commanders,  VIII.  504.  Son-in-law  of 
Ham  dear  Barca,  2  b.  Son  of  Ilamilcar, 

2  be:  see  Claudius  Nero.  Son  of  Gisco, 

'  2  c ;  XIV.  694,  1  ab,  b.  Commander 

against  Masinissa,  and  in  the  third  Punic 
war,  VIII.  505,  1  a. 

JIasdrubal ,  writer:  see  Clitomachus. 

Hase,  Karl  August  [ha'-zSh],  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  VIII.  505. 


Hasenclevee,  Peter  [ha'-zen-kla-ver],  German 
manufacturer,  VIII.  505.  Johann  Peter, 
painter,  2  a. 

Hasenclever  furnace ,  XVI.  821,  1  b  (ill.). 

Hasenpflug,  Karl  Georg  Adolf  [ha'-zen-pfloog], 
German  painter,  VIII.  505. 

Hashashin ,  hashish  eaters,  II.  24,  2  c. 

IlAsnisn  [hash-eesh'] :  see  Hemp,  VIII.  633, 
1  ab.  Its  intoxicating  effects,  II.  24,  2  c ; 
allusion  to,  I.  453,  2  a. 

' JIasidim ,  Jewish  pietists,  VIII.  597,  2  a. 

Haskell,  county,  VIII.  505. 

Haslam,  John,  British  physician,  VIII.  505. 

Haslingden,  town  of  England,  VIII.  505. 

Hasmoneans :  see  Asmoneans. 

Hassall ,  Dr.  (Arthur  Hill,  born  1817),  on  adul¬ 
teration  of  food,  I.  133,  1  a;  on  bone,  II. 
59,  1  be ;  on  cartilage  cells,  IV.  42,  1  a,  2  b. 

Hassan ',  son  of  the  caliph  Ali,  III.  617,  1  a. 

Hassan  ben  Sabah ,  founder  of  the  Assassins, 
II.  24,  2  b,  ff. 

Hassar ,  fish,  nest  of,  VII.  239,  2  a. 

Hasse,  Friedrich  Christian  August  [has'-seh], 
German  historian,  VIII.  506.  Friedrich  Ru¬ 
dolf,  theologian,  1  a.  Karl  Ewald,  physiolo¬ 
gist,  1  b. 

Hasse,  Johann  Adolf,  composer,  VIII.  506. 

IIasselquist,  Fredrik,  Swedish  naturalist, VIIL 
506. 

Hasselt,  town  of  Belgium,  VIII.  506. 

Hastie ,  British  agent  in  Madagascar,  X.  813,  2  c. 

Hasting,  or  Hastings,  Scandinavian  viking, 
VIIL  506. 

Hastings,  borough  of  England,  VIIL  507. 
Battle  of,  1  c.  Battle  abbey,  2  a  (ill.). 

Hastings,  county,  VIII.  507. 

Hastings,  city  of  Minnesota,  VIII.  507. 

Hastings ,  county  seats,  II.  341,  2  c  ;  V.  641, 1  c. 

Hastings,  Francis  Rawdon  Hastings,  marquis 
of,  English  soldier,  VIIL  507. 

Hastings,  Warren,  governor  general  of  British 
India,  VIIL  508.  His  impeachment,  2  c. 

Hat,  VIIL  509.  Ancient  head  coverings,  2  a; 
modern,  2  be.  Felted  hats,  510,  1  be  ;  prep¬ 
aration  of  furs,  2  a  ;  forming  the  hat  body, 
511,  1  be;  concluding  processes,  2  c.  Silk 
hats,  512,  1  be.  Straw  hats:  see  Straw. 

Hatchel,  XIV.  424,  1  c. 

Hatchelling  of  fax,  VII.  265,  1  b. 

Hatchet ,  II.  165,  1  a.  Hatchet  of  the  stone 
age,  VII.  195,  2  c. 

Hatchettine  [hach'-et-tin],  mineral  tallow,  XVI. 
516,  1  c. 

Hatching ,  artificial ,  IV.  782,  1  c. 


HATFIELD 


HAWK 


377 


Hatfield ,  lunacy  case  of,  X.  717,  2  ab. 

Hatfield  Chase ,  levels  of,  II.  778,  2  a. 

Hathaway ,  :  see  Shakespeare,  XIV. 

813,  1  c. 

Hathor ,  in  Egyptian  mythology,  XII.  116,  2  b. 

IIatras',  town  of  India,  VIII.  512. 

“Hats,”  Swedish  faction,  VIII.  339,  2  a. 

Hatteras  :  see  Cape  Hatteras. 

Hatti-humayun  [hat'-te-hoo-ma-yoon'J :  see 
HATTi-SnERiF,  VIII.  513,  1  ab.  Of  1856, 
id. ;  I.  2,  1  c,  16,  2  c ;  XVI.  60,  1  a. 

IlATxi-SnERiF  [-sha-reef],  Turkish  imperial  or¬ 
dinance,  VIII.  513.  Of  Gulhane,  1  ab;  I. 
16,  2  c ;  XIV.  276,  2  a. 

Hatto ,  archbishop  of  Mentz,  gnawed  to  death 
by  mice,  II.  645,  1  a. 

Hatton ,  favorite  of  QueenElizabeth, VI.  533, 1  c. 

HAuen,  Johannes  Carsten  von  [howkh],  Danish 
poet,  VIII.  513. 

Haug,  Martin  [howkh],  German  orientalist, 
VIII.  513. 

IlAUGnTON,  William  [haw'-tun],  English  drama¬ 
tist,  VIII.  513. 

Haitksbee,  Francis,  English  natural  philoso¬ 
pher,  VIII.  513. 

IIaupt,  Moritz  [howpt],  German  philologist, 
VIII.  513. 

Hauptmann,  Moritz,  composer,  VIII.  514. 

Haureau,  Jean  Barthelemy  [o-ra-o],  French 
author,  VIII.  514. 

Hauser,  Kaspar  [how'-zer],  mysterious  Ger¬ 
man  lad,  VIII.  514. 

Haussa  [hows'-sa] :  see  Houssa.  Dialect  of,  I. 
171,  2  a.  ’ 

Hausser,  Ludwig  [hois'-ser],  German  historian, 
VIII.  515. 

Haussiers  [o-se-a],  French  brokers,  XV.  388,  2  c. 

Haussmann,  Georges  Eugene  [oce-man ;  Ger. 
house'-man],  French  politician,  VIII.  515. 
Public  works  in  Paris,  2  b. 

Hautboy  [ho'-boi],  musical  instrument,  VIII. 
515. 

IIaute-Garonne  [ote-ga-rim],  department  of 
France,  VIII.  516. 

Haute-Loire  [ote-lwar],  VIII.  516. 

Haute-Marne  [ote-marn],  VIII.  516. 

Hautes-Alpes  [ote-s&lp],  VIII.  516. 

IIaute-Saone  [ote-sone],  VIII.  516. 

Haute-Savoie  [ote-sa-vwa],  VIII.  516. 

Hautes-Pyren£;es  [ote-pe-ra-na],  VIII.  517. 

Hauteurs  des  Torres  [o-tuhr  da  tair],  group  of 
sand  hills  in  Minnesota,  XL  603,  2  a. 

nAUTE-ViENNE  [ote-vydn],  VIII.  517. 

tlAUT-PatuT  [o-rane],  VIII.  517. 


IIauy,  Rend  Just  [a- we],  French  mineralogist, 
VIII.  517.  His  discovery  of  the  geometrical 
law  of  crystallization,  2  ab.  His  goniometer, 
98,  2  b;  XL  589,  1  c. — Valentin,  instructor 
of  the  blind,  VIII.  518,  la;  II.  715,  2  a. 
IIavan'a,  capital  of  Cuba,  VIII.  518  (view).  De» 
scription,  2  a.  Climate,  519,  2  c.  Harbor, 
520, 1  ab.  Commerce,  1  c.  History,  521, 1  a. 
Havana ,  county  seats,  XI.  240,  la;  XIV.  688, 1  b. 
Havel  [ha'-vel],  river  of  Germany,  VIII.  521. 
Hav'elock,  Sir  Henry,  British  soldier,  VIII. 
521.  Sepoy  mutiny,  522,  1  ab.  Nana  Sahib, 

1  b.  Siege  of  Lucknow,  1  c;  X.  707,  1  c. 
Referred  to,  IV.  158,  2  c ;  II.  669,  1  c. 

Ha'ven,  Alice  Bradley  (“  Cousin  Alice  ”), 
American  authoress,  VIII.  522. 

Haven,  Erastus  Otis,  clergyman,  president  of 
the  university  of  Michigan,  VIII.  522. 
Haven,  Gilbert,  bishop,  VIII.  523. 

PIaven,  Joseph,  clergyman,  VIII.  523. 
Hav'erford  College,  Pennsylvania,  VIII.  528. 
Haverfordwest,  town  of  England,  VIII.  523. 
Haverhill  [hav'-er-il],  city  of  Massachusetts, 
VIII.  523.  Capture  of  Mrs.  Plannali  Dustin 
by  the  Indians,  524,  2  a. 

Haverhill ,  county  seat,  VIII.  142,  1  a. 

Hav'ers ,  Clopton ,  English  anatomist,  referred 
to,  III.  58,  2  c.  (“  Osteologia  Nova,”  1691.) 
Haversian  canals ,  in  bone,  III.  58,  2c;  59, 1  a,  c. 
Hav'erstraw,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  524. 
Haverstraw  day ,  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  b. 
Ilavilah ,  county  seat,  IX.  810,  2  c. 

Havildar:  see  Sepoy,  XIV.  770,  2  be. 

Havre  [ha'-ver],  (Fr.  Le  Havre ,  lull  avr’),  sea¬ 
port  of  France,  VIII.  524  (view). 

Havre  de  Grace:  see  Havre,  VIII.  525,  1  c. 
Havre  de  Grace  [liav'-er  de  grass],  town  of 
Maryland,  VIII.  525. 

Haw :  see  TnoRN,  XV.  722,  1  c. 

Hawaii  [ha-wl'-e],  island,  VIII.  525,  2  be. 
Hawaiian  Islands  [ha-wi'-yan],  VIII.  525. 
Description,  2  b.  Harbors,  526,  1  c.  Cli¬ 
mate,  id.  Fauna  and  flora,  2  ab.  Commerce, 

2  c.  Government,  527,  1  b.  Language,  2  b. 
IPawaiians,  2  c ;  decrease  of,  528, 1  a.  Edu¬ 
cation,  1  c.  Christian  missions,  2  ab.  His¬ 
tory,  2  c. 

Hawes,  Joel,  American  clergyman,  VIII.  529. 
Hawesville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  434,  2  a. 
Hawfinch,  bird,  VIII.  529  (ill.). 

Haw'ick,  town  of  Scotland,  VIII.  529. 

Hawk,  bird,  VIII.  530.  Cooper’s  hawk,  1  b 
(ill.).  Sharp-shinned  hawk,  1  c  (ill.),  flen 
hawk,  475,  2  c ;  so-styled,  III.  506,  1  be. 


378 


HAWKE 


HEAD  FISH 


Duck  hawk,  VII.  68,  1  a.  Red-tailed,  III. 

506,  1  ab.  Winter  hawk,  1  c.  Broad¬ 
winged,  ib.  Rough-legged,  2  be.  Black, 

507,  1  a  (ill.,  506). 

Hawke,  Edward,  baron,  admiral,  VIII.  530. 
IIawkeswokth,  John,  English  author,  VIII. 
531. 

Hawking:  see  Falconry.  Vocabulary  of, 

VII.  70,  2  c. 

Hawkins,  county,  VIII.  531. 

Hawkins,  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  English  artist, 

VIII.  531. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  navigator,  VIII.  531. 
Hawkins,  Sir  John,  author,  VIII.  532. 
Hawkinsville ,  county  seat,  XIV.  78,  1  a. 

Hawk  Moth,  VIII.  532  (ills.). 

Hawks,  Francis  Lister,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  VIII.  533. 

Hawksbee ,  Francis :  see  IIauksbee. 

Hawk’s  Bill:  see  Turtle,  XVI.  80,  2  be  (ill.). 
Hawkshaw ,  Sir  John ,  English  engineer,  III.  688, 
2  a;  XVI.  39,  1  c,  2  b. 

Hawksmoor,  Nicholas,  architect,  VIII.  534. 
Hawk  tenure ,  a  kind  of  fief,  VII.  70,  2  c. 
IIawkwood,  Sir  John,  military  adventurer, 
VIII.  534;  IV.  662,  1  a;  VII.  56,  2  b. 
Hawley,  Gideon,  American  missionary,  VIII. 
534. 

Hawley,  Joseph,  American  revolutionist,  VIII. 

534.  Relation  to  Jonathan  Edwards,  2  c. 
Hawthorn  :  see  Thorn,  XV.  722,  1  c  (ill.). 
Hawthorne,  Nathaniel,  American  author, 
VIII.  535;  XVI.  196,  1  ab.  Old  manse, 
VIII.  535,  2  c  (ill.).  Sophia  Peabody,  au¬ 
thoress,  537,  1  a.  Julian,  author,  1  b. 
IlAXTnAusEN,  Franz  Ludwig  Marie  August, 
baron  [haxt'-how-zen],  author,  VIII.  537. 
Hay,  John,  American  author,  VIII.  537. 

Hay  asthma :  see  Hay  Cold. 

Hay  Cold,  VIII.  537. 

Hayden,  Ferdinand  Vandeveer,  American  ge¬ 
ologist,  VIII.  538. 

Haydn,  Joseph  [hid’n],  German  composer, 
VIII.  538 ;  XII.  90,  2  be.  His  works,  VIII. 
541,  2  be ;  542,  1  a-bc,  2  a.  His  opinion  of 
Mozart,  XII.  24,  2  a. — Michael,  composer, 
VIII.  543,  1  ab. 

IIaydon,  Benjamin  Robert,  English  painter, 
VIII.  543. 

Hayduks  [hl'-dooks],  militia  in  Hungary,  VIII. 

544.  Name  of  court  lacqueys,  1  b. 

Hayduk  towns ,  district  in  Transylvania,  VIII. 
544,  1  ab. 

Hayel  [ha'-yel],  city  of  Arabia,  VIII.  544. 


Hayes,  Augustus  Allen,  American  chemist 
VIII.  544. 

Hayes,  Isaac  Israel,  American  explorer,  VIII. 

545  ;  I.  676,  2  c,  679,  1  b. 

Hay  fever  :  see  Hay  Cold. 

IIayley,  William,  English  author,  VIII.  545. 
IIaym,  Rudolf  [hime],  German  author, VIII.  545. 
Haymarket ,  London,  X.  595,  1  be. 

IIaynau,  Julius  Jakob  von  [hi'-now],  Austrian 
soldier,  VIII.  546.  His  bombardment  of 
Brescia,  III.  252,  1  b. 

Hayne,  Isaac,  American  revolutionary  officer, 
VIII.  546. 

Hayne,  Paul  Hamilton,  poet,  VIII.  547. 
Hayne,  Robert  Young,  statesman,  VIII.  547. 
Haynes,  John,  governor  of  Massachusetts  and 
of  Connecticut,  VIII.  547.  First  written 
constitution  in  America,  2  c. 

IIaynes,  Lemuel,  American  clergyman,  VIII. 

547.  Impromptu  sermon  in  reply  to  a  Uni- 
versalist  preacher,  548,  1  a. 

Haynemlle ,  county  seat,  X.  695,  1  c. 

Hays,  county,  VIII.  548. 

Hays,  William  Jacob,  American  artist,  VIII 

548. 

Haysrille ,  county  seat,  IV.  650,  2  b. 

IIayti  [ha'-te],  West  Indian  island,  VIII.  54& 
Republic,  549,  2  be.  History,  551,  1  ab. 
Hayward,  Abraham,  English  writer,  VIII.  553. 
Haywood,  two  counties,  VIII.  553. 

Hazard ,  in  billiards,  II.  642,  2  b. 

Hazard ,  county  seat,  XIII.  311,  2  a. 

Hazard,  Rowland  Gibson,  American  manufac¬ 
turer  and  author,  VIII.  553.  His  rescue  of 
free  negroes  at  New  Orleans,  2  b. 

Hazard ,  Desire  [a-zarj,  pseudonyme,  VII.  163, 
1  be. 

Hazardville,  Conn. :  see  Enfield. 
Hazebrouck  [az-brook],  town  of  France,  VIII. 
553. 

Hazel,  VIII.  554.  Flowers,  1  b  (ill.) ;  leaves 
and  fruit  (ill.) ;  nut,  2  c. 

Hazleton,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  VIII.  555. 
IIazlitt,  William,  English  author,  VIII.  555. 

William  (2d),  2  a.  William  Carew,  2  b. 
Hazzaken:  see  Gerson  ben  Judah,  VII.  777, 
1  c;  IIillel,  VIII.  728,  1  a. 

He' a,  Accadian  god,  XII.  117,  1  be,  c. 

Head,  Sir  George,  English  author,  VIII.  555. 

Sir  Francis  Bond,  2  c  (died  1875). 
uJIead  act ,”  of  Edward  IV.  (in  Ireland),  IX. 
357,  2  be. 

Header ,  for  clover,  XII.  16,  1  a. 

Head  fish :  see  Sun  Fish,  XV.  481,  1  b. 


HEAD  -HUNTING 


HEBREWS 


379 


Head-hunting :  see  IIaraforas,  VIII.  450. 1  b ; 

Borneo,  III.  105,  1  a. 

Heading :  see  Tunnel,  XVI.  32,  1  b. 

Headings ,  of  ore,  XI.  422,  1  b. 

IIeadley,  Joel  Tyler,  American  author,  VIII. 
556. 

Head  strap ,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  862,  1  a. 

Head  work,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  2  be. 

Healds ,  in  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  1  b. 

Health ,  as  related  to  education,  VI.  415,  1  be. 
Healy,  George  Peter  Alexander,  American 
painter,  VIII.  556.  Mary,  novelist,  2  ab. 
Heard,  county,  VIII.  556. 

Hearing  :  see  Acoustics,  and  Ear. 

Hearne,  Samuel,  English  explorer,  VIII.  556. 
Hearne,  Thomas,  English  antiquary,  VIII.  556. 
Heart,  VIII.  557.  Eorm  and  relations  of  the 
human  heart,  1  ab  (ill.).  Muscular  fibres, 
2  a  (ill.).  Valves,  558,  1  a  (ill.,  horizontal 
section).  Action,  2  ab.  Synchronous  con¬ 
traction  and  induration,  2  c.  Sounds,  559, 

1  c.  Pulsations,  2  ab.  The  heart  in  inferior 
animals,  560,  2  b. 

Heart,  Diseases  of  the,  VIII.  560.  Inflamma¬ 
tory  affections :  pericarditis,  2  be;  endocar¬ 
ditis,  561,  2  b;  carditis,  or  myocarditis,  562, 

2  a.  Organic  diseases :  valvular  lesions,  2  b  ; 
enlargement,  563,  2  a;  hypertrophy,  2  ab; 
dilatation,  ib. ;  atrophy,  565,  1  a ;  fatty  de¬ 
generation,  1  b ;  miscellaneous  lesions,  2  a. 
Functional  disorder,  2  c;  palpitation,  ib. 
Graves’s  disease,  566,  2  a. 

Heart  of  Mid- Lothian,  prison,  VI.  408,  1  a. 
Heart’s  Content,  seaport  of  Newfoundland, 
VIII.  566. 

Heartsease,  plant,  XVI.  363,  1  a. 

Heart  wood,  XIII.  580,  1  b. 

Heat,  VIII.  567.  Nature  of  heat,  1  a.  Sources, 
568,  1  c.  General  effects,  2  b.  Radiant 
heat,  569,  1  c  (ills.,  569-571);  laws  of,' 2  c. 
Reflection,  571,  2  a  (ills.).  Conduction,  572, 

1  a  (ills.,  572,  573).  Specific  heat,  573,  1  c; 
methods  for  determining,  2  b  (ills.,  calo¬ 
rimeters,  573,  574).  Specific  heat  of  solids, 
574,  2  c;  of  liquids,  575,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  of  gases, 

2  c  ;  of  atoms,  576,  1  b.  Latent  heat,  2  be; 
of  fusion,  2  c;  of  vaporization,  577,  1  be 
(ill.).  Faraday’s  method  of  liquefying  gas¬ 
es,  578,  1  a  (ill.,  577) ;  Thilorier’s  apparatus 
for  liquefying  carbonic  acid,  1  ab  (ill.). — 
Heat  as  a  chemical  agent,  I.  158,  2  c.  Me¬ 
chanical  theory  of :  see  Mayer,  Julius  Rob¬ 
ert.  Its  relation  to  mechanical  power,  IX. 
692,  2  b.  Theory  of  heat  as  a  mode  of  motion, 


VIII.  568,  1  a;  XVI.  91,  1  be.  Latent  heat 
of  steam,  XV.  326,  2  c,  328,  2  a.  Method  of 
producing  the  most  intense  heat,  III.  471, 
2  c.  Sources  of  heat  in  the  atmosphere,  XI. 
433,  1  b ;  in  various  substances,  V.  378, 1  a; 
Joule’s  mechanical  equivalent  of,  2  b.  Sir 
William  Thomson’s  computation  of  solar 
heat,  379,  2  c.  Discovery  of  heat  in  lunar 
light:  seeMELLONi;  measurement  of,  II.  666, 
2  b.  Identity  of  heat  and  light,  VIII.  569, 
2  ab.  Polarization  of  heat,  X.  452,  2  b. 

Heatii,  plant,  VIII.  579.  Common,  580,  1  a 
(ill.) ;  Scotch,  2  b  (ill.).  Cape  heaths,  2  c. 

Heatii,  William,  American  revolutionary  gen¬ 
eral,  VIII.  580. 

Heathcote's  steam  plough,  XIII.  616,  2  b. 

Heather :  see  Heath. 

Heatiifield,  Lord :  see  Eliott,  George  Au¬ 
gustus. 

Heath  hen:  see  Grouse,  VIII.  271,  2  c. 

Heathsville,  county  seat,  XII.  499,  2  c. 

Heavy  spar,  II.  312,  2  c ;  XV.  453,  2  c. 

Hebbel,  Friedrich,  German  poet,  VIII.  581. 

Hebdomadal  council ,  in  Oxford  university,  XII. 
762,  2  ab. 

He'be,  in  mythology,  VIII.  581. 

Hebel,  Johann  Peter  [ha'-bel],  German  poet, 
VIII.  581. 

Heber,  county  seat,  XVI.  420,  1  c. 

IIeber,  Reginald,  English  bishop,  VIII.  581. 
Richard,  bibliomaniac,  2  c. 

Hebert,  Antoine  Auguste  Ernest  [a-bair], 
French  artist,  VIII.  582. 

Hebert,  Jacques  Rene,  revolutionist,  VIII.  582. 

Hebertists,  political  party :  see  France,  VII. 
389,  1  b,  and  Hebert,  Jacques  Rene. 

Hebradendron  cambogioides  (botany),  VII.  607, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Hebrew  Bible ,  first  printed,  II.  610,  2  b.  Bom- 
berg  editions,  2  b-c ;  subsequent  editions, 
611,  1  a-c. 

Hebrews,  VIII.  582.  Their  condition  in 
Egypt,  583,  1  b;  VI.  458,  1  a:  see  Exodus, 
VII.  29,  2  a.  Deliverance  from  it,  VIII. 
583,  2  b.  The  Mosaic  law,  2  c;  form  of 
government,  584, 1  b,  c.  Entrance  into  Ca¬ 
naan,  2  b.  Period  of  the  judges,  585,  1  ab  ; 
of  the  kings,  586,  1  b.  Revolt  of  the  ten 
tribes,  587,  1  c.  Relations  of  the  two  king¬ 
doms,  2  a.  Babylonish  captivity,  589,  2  c. 
Return  of  the  Jews,  590,  1  c.  Under  Gre¬ 
cian  sway,  591,  1  b.  Asmoneans,  592,  1  ab  ; 
Asmonean  period,  593,  2  b.  Roman  rule, 

1  a.  Herod  the  Great,  1  b.  Siege  and  cap- 


380 


HEBREWS 


HEINICKE 


ture  of  Jerusalem,  594,  1  c.  Dispersion, 
2  b.  Jewish  schools  and  rabbis  and  literary 
w orks,  2  c.  Treatment  of  by  Christian  gov¬ 
ernments,  596,  2  b,  If.,  censured  by  Pope 
Alexander  II.,  I.  279,  1  c;  mild  treatment 

„  of  by  Pope  Martin  V.,  XI.  208,  2  be.  Jews 
of  Berlin,  their  culture  and  social  position, 
II.  566,  1  b.  Bill  for  the  naturalization  of 
Jews  in  England  (1753),  passed  and  repealed, 

VII.  706,  1  c.  Removal  of  their  disabilities 
referred  to  (1858),  XIV.  447,  2  be.  Recent 
history,  VIII.  598,  1  b.  Hebrew  language, 
2  c.  Written  characters,  599,  1  c.  Illus¬ 
trations  of  the  language,  ib. 

Hebrews,  Epistle  to  the,  VIII.  599. 

Hebrews ,  Gospel  of  the :  see  Ebionites,  VI. 
383,  2  c. 

Hebrides  [heb'-re-deez],  islands  of  Scotland, 

VIII.  600. 

IIe'bron,  city  of  Palestine,  VIII.  601  (view). 

Hebron ,  county  seat,  XV.  684,  2  c. 

IIebrtjs,  river  :  see  Maritza. 

Hebu'des :  see  Hebrides. 

IIecat^e'us,  Greek  historian  and  geographer, 
VIII.  601. 

Hecate  [hek'-a-te,  hek'-at],  mythical, VIII.  601. 

IIecker,  Friedrich  Karl  Franz,  German  poli¬ 
tician,  VIII.  601. 

IIecker,  Isaac  Thomas,  American  clergyman 
and  author,  VIII.  602. 

Heck'ewelder,  John,  Moravian  missionary, 
VIII.  602. 

Hecla,  volcano  of  Iceland,  VIII.  602  (ill.). 

Hectare  [ek-tair],  measure  of  land,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Hectocot' ylus :  see  Nautilus,  XII.  177,  2  b,  and 
IV.  207,  1  c. 

Hector,  Trojan  hero,  VIII.  603. 

Hector ,  ironclad,  IX.  383,  1  a;  386,  1  ab  (ill.). 

IIec'uba,  wife  of  Priam,  VIII.  603. 

Hedding,  Elijah,  American  bishop,  VIII.  603. 

Heddles ,  in  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  1  c. 

Hedeo'ma  (botany),  XIII.  272,  1  a.  H.  pule- 
gioides,  ib.  (ill.). 

Hed'era  (botany),  IX.  476,  1  c.  H.  helix,  ib. 
(ill.).  H.  Canariense,  477,  1  c. 

Hedge,  VIII.  604.  Hedge  plants,  1  c. 

Hedge,  Frederick  Henry,  American  clergyman, 
VIII.  605. 

Hedge ,  Levi,  on  logic,  X.  582,  1  c. 

Hedgehog,  VIII.  605  (ill.).  Long-eared  hedge¬ 
hog,  606, 1  ab.  See  XIII.  716,  2  b,  718,  2  a. 

Hedjaz,  Turkish  dependency  in  Arabia,  VIII. 
606;  I.  617,  2  b. 

Hedonism  and  cynicism ,  XIII.  603,  2  a. 

% 


Hedui:  see  ^Edui. 

Hedwigskirche  [hed'-viks-keer-Tibh],  church  in 
Berlin,  II.  564,  1  be  (ill.). 

Heel ,  epidermis  of  the,  VI.  682,  2  ab. 

Heemskerk  [haimee'-kairk] :  see  Hemskeek. 

IIeer,  Oswald  [hair],  Swiss  naturalist,  VIII.  606. 

Heeren,  Arnold  Hermann  Ludwig  [ha'-ren], 
German  historian,  VIII.  607. 

Hefele,  Karl  Joseph  von  [ha'-feh-leh],  German 
historian,  VIII.  607. 

Hegel,  Georg  Wilhelm  Friedrich  [ha'-gliel], 
German  philosopher,  VIII.  607.  His  re¬ 
ligious  views,  608,  1  a,  2  ab.  Philosophical 
views,  1  be,  609-611,  1  be.  See  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  813,  2  a,  and  Philosophy, 
XIII.  430,  1  ab,  431,  2  b,  442,  2  a.  His  logic, 
VIII.  609,  1  c-610,  1  a ;  X.  580,  2  c,  583, 
1  be.  His  influence  on  the  various  depart¬ 
ments  of  philosophy,  VIII.  611,  2  a.  Re¬ 
ligious  tendency  of  his  school,  2  c. 

Hegemony  [hej'-J,  leadership,  XIII.  454,  2  a. 

IIegi'ra,  in  chronology,  VIII.  612 ;  IV.  557,  2  c. 

Heiberg,  Johann  Ludwig  [hl'-bairg],  Danish 
author,  VIII.  613. 

Heidelberg  [hi'-del-bairg],  city  of  Baden,  VIII. 
613  (view).  University,  2  a.  Heidelberg 
tun,  2  c. 

Heidelberg  Catechism ,  XIV.  257,  1  a ;  259,  2  b. 
Incorporated  into  the  state  law  in  the  Pa¬ 
latinate,  V.  534,  2  c. 

Heidenheim  [hi'-den-hime],  town  of  Wurtem- 
berg,  VIII.  614. 

Heidenmauer  [lri'-den-mow-er],  ancient  ram¬ 
part  in  Bavaria,  VI.  331,  1  c. 

Heights,  Measurement  of :  see  Barometrical 
Measurement. 

Heilbronn  [liile'-brun],  town  of  Wurtemberg, 
VIII.  614. 

Heilige  Ham  [lii'-le-ghbh  dam],  VI.  164,  1  c. 

IIeiligenstadt  [hi'-le-ghen-stat],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  VIII.  614. 

IIeim,  Francois  Joseph  [ang],  French  painter, 
VIII.  614. 

Heimdalr  [hime'-dalr’],  in  Norse  mythology, 
XII.  120,  1  b. 

Heimskrinqla ,  ancient  Norwegian  chronicle, 
XV.  134,  1  b. 

Heine,  Heinrich  [hi'-n&h],  German  poet  and 
critic,  VIII.  614. 

IIeineccius,  Johann  Gottlieb  [hi-nek'-tse-ooe], 
German  jurist,  VIII.  615. 

IIeinecken,  Christian  Heinrich  [hi'-nek-ken], 
precocious  child,  VIII.  615. 

Heinicke,  Samuel  [hl'-nik-keh],  German  edu- 


nEIXSE 


HELMHOLTZ 


381 


cator,  VIII.  615.  His  instruction  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  V.  732,  2  c. 

Heinse,  Johann  Jakob  Wilhelm  [hine'-zSh], 
German  author,  VIII.  616. 

IIeinsius,  Antonius  [liine'-se-us],  grand  pen¬ 
sionary  of  Holland,  VIII.  616. 

Heinsius,  Daniel,  Dutch  philologist,  VIII.  616. 
Nicolaas,  poet,  2  be. 

Heinz ,  Matthias  [hints],  architect,  II.  570,  2  c. 
Heir,  in  law,  VIII.  616.  See  Fee. 
Helcatomphonia ,  a  sacrifice,  I.  705,  1  a. 

Hel,  in  Horse  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  a. 
Helarctos  (zoology),  II.  419,  2  c.  H.  euryspi- 
lus,  ib.  H.  Malayanus,  ib.  (ill.,  420). 
Helder,  The,  seaport  of  Holland,  VIII.  617. 
Helderberg  mountains ,  XII.  355,  1  c;  356,  2  a. 
Helen,  in  Greek  legend,  VIII.  617. 

Hele'na,  town  of  Arkansas,  VIII.  617.  Bat¬ 
tle,  2  be. 

Helena,  town  of  Montana,  VIII.  617. 

Helena ,  county  seat,  IX.  769,  1  b. 

Helena,  Saint,  island :  see  Saint  Helena. 
Hel'ena,  Saint,  mother  of  Constantine,  VIII. 
618.  Finding  of  the  cross,  V.  513,  2  a. 
Helena’s  church,  Jerusalem,  IX.  617,  2  a. 
Helenine  [hel'-e-nin],  vegetable  principle,  VI. 
497,  2  c. 

Helgoland:  see  Heligoland. 

Heli'adcB ,  Heliades ,  in  Greek  fable,  VI.  710,  2c; 
XIII.  378,  2  c. 

Heliam'phora  nu'tans  (botany),  XIII.  549,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Heliand  [ha'-le-and],  old  Saxon  poem,  XIV. 
657,  2  be. 

Helian'thus  :  see  Sunflower,  XV.  481,  1  c. 
H.  annuus,  2  a.  H.  multiflorus,  2  c  (ill.). 
Other  species,  482,  1  a.  H.  tuberosus,  I. 
782,  1  be  (ill.). 

Heliastic  courts ,  in  Athens,  II.  55,  2  b. 
Helichry' sum  (botany),  IX.  196,  1  c.  H.  ori¬ 
ental,  2  a  (ill.). 

Helicidoe  [he-lis'-e-de],  (mollusca),  XV.  128,  2  c. 
Heliconii ,  S.  American  butterflies,  III.  226, 1  ab. 
Hel'icon,  mountain  range,  VIII.  618. 
Heligoland,  island,  VIII.  618  (view). 
Heliodo'rus,  Greek  romance  writer,  VIII.  619. 
Heliodorus,  Syrian  general,  X.  772,  1  b. 
IIeliogabalus  :  see  Elagabalus. 

Heliog'raphy,  process  of,  XII.  440,  1  c,  2  b. 
Heliom'eter,  VIII.  619;  XII.  566,  1  be;  XV. 
630,  2  b. 

Heliophy'tum  In'dicum  (botany),  VIII.  620, 2  b. 
Heliop'olis,  ancient  city  of  Egypt,  VIII.  619; 
XII.  452,  1  a. 


Heliopsis  leevis  (botany),  XII.  760,  1  b. 

Helios,  god  of  the  sun,  VIII.  619  ;  I.  586,  1  c. 

% 

He'lioscope  :  see  Telescope,  XV.  630,  1  a. 
Heliostat  and  Heliotrope,  surveying  instru¬ 
ments,  VIII.  620;  XV.  631,  1  be. 

Heli’othes  (entomology),  V.  420,  1  c  (ill.,  419). 
IIe'liotrope,  plant,  VIII.  620  (ill.).  False  he¬ 
liotrope,  2  ab.  Garden  heliotrope,  so  called, 
XVI.  245,  1  c. 

Heliotrope,  instrument :  see  Heliostat.  In¬ 
vention  of,  VII.  649,  2  b. 

Heliotrope,  variety  of  quartz,  IX.  570,  2  b. 
Heliotro'pium  (botany),  VIII.  620,  1  b.  II. 

curassavicum  and  other  species,  ib. 

Helix,  in  architecture,  VIII.  620. 

Helix,  in  conchology:  see  Snail,  XV.  129, 

1  b.  II.  albolabris,  1  c  (ill.),  and  other 
species.  II.  cellaria,  similaris,  and  vitri- 
noides,  XI.  724,  1  ab. 

Hell,  Maximilian,  Hungarian  astronomer, 
VIII.  620. 

Hellas  :  she  Greece. 

Hellbender,  reptile,  XI.  393,  1  a. 

Hel'le,  in  Greek  legend,  VIII.  621. 
Hel'lebore,  in  pharmacy  and  botany,  VIII. 

621.  Black  hellebore,  1  b  (ill.).  Bear’s 
foot,  2  a.  White,  ib.  (ill.).  American,  2  c. 

Hellen  :  see  Greece,  VIII.  187,  1  a. 

Hellenes  [hel'-le-neez],  VIII.  188,  1  c.  Limited 
use  of  the  term,  201,  2  ab. 

Hellenotamice,  financial  officers,  VIII.  191,  1  a. 
Hellenstein  [hel'-len-stine],  ruined  castle  of  the 
lords  of,  VIII.  614,  1  b. 

Heller,  Joseph,  German  author,  VIII.  622. 
Heller,  Karl  Bartholomiius,  naturalist,  VIII. 

622. 

Heller,  Stephan,  composer,  VIII.  622. 
Hellespont,  strait,  VIII.  622.  See  Darda¬ 
nelles,  and  IIelle. 

Hellevoetsluis :  see  IIelvoetsluis. 

Hell  Gate,  pass  in  the  East  river,  VI.  380, 

2  ab.  Removal  of  obstructions  to  its  navi¬ 
gation,  II.  699,  2  c,  702,  2  a. 

Hellgate ,  Indian  treaty  of,  VII.  261,  2  a. 
Hellin  [a-lyeen'],  town  of  Spain,  VIII.  622. 
Hellopia,  in  Greece,  IX.  331,  1  c. 

Helluland,  island,  XII.  498,  lb.  , 

Helm  :  see  Steering  Apparatus. 

Helmend :  see  Helmund. 

Helmers,  Jan  Frederik,  Dutch  poet,  VIII.  622. 
Helmet,  in  armor,  I.  731,  2  be,  732,  2  c  (ills.). 

In  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  ab. 

Helmet  Shell,  VIII.  622  (ill.). 

Helmholtz,  Hermann  Ludwig  Ferdinand,  Ger- 


382 


HELMICHIS 


IIENGIST 


man  physicist,  VIII.  622.  Ilis  discoveries 
in  harmony,  466,  1  c,  ff. ;  XII.  85,  1  b. 
Theory  of  the  sun’s  heat,  VIII.  568,  1  c. 
Helmichis,  paramour  of  Rosamond,  I.  254,  1  c. 
Helmina ,  pseudonyme,  IV.  396,  1  b. 
Helminthosporium ,  fungus,  VII.  532,  2  a. 
Helminths  :  see  Entozoa,  VI.  663,  2  ab  ;  666, 

1  he.  Eyeless  helminths,  VII.  48,  2  c. 
IIelmont,  Jan  Baptista  van,  Flemish  physician, 

VIII.  624.  His  views  on  gases,  2  b  ;  on  the 
archseus,  2c;  on  elements,  IV.  359,  1  c. 
Helmstddt  [helm'-stet] :  see  IIelmstedt. 
IIelmstedt,  town  of  Germany,  VIII.  625. 
Helmund',  river  of  Afghanistan,  VIII.  625. 
Heloise  [a-lo-eez],  abbess  of  the  Paraclete, 
VIII.  625.  See  Abelard,  I.  18,  1  a. 
Heloph’ilus  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  a. 

He'los,  town  of  ancient  Greece,  VIII.  625. 
Hel'ots,  Spartan  slaves,  VIII.  625 ;  I.  187, 

2  a.  Massacre  of,  VIII.  193,  1  ab. 

Helps,  Sir  Arthur,  author,  VIII.  626.  (D.  1875.) 
IIelsingborg,  town  of  Sweden,  VIII.  626. 
Helsingfors,  capital  of  Finland,  VIII.  626 
(view,  627).  Alexander  university,  627,  1  a. 
Helsingor  :  see  Elsinore. 

IIelst,  Bartholomeus  van  der,  Dutch  painter, 
VIII.  627. 

Helvellce ,  fungi,  VII.  532,  1  b. 

IIelvel'lyn,  mountain  of  England,  VIII.  627. 
Helvetia :  see  Switzerland. 

Helvetic  Republic,  XV.  530,  2  c. 

IIelvetii  [hel-ve'-she-I],  ancient  Celtic  people, 
VIII.  627.  See  Switzerland,  XV.  529, 1  ab. 
Helvetius,  Claude  Adrien  [el-va-se-iis],  French 
philosopher,  VIII.  627 ;  XI.  812,  2  a;  XIII. 
441,  2  ab.  * 

Helveto- American  congregation  (of  Benedic¬ 
tines),  II.  520,  2  a. 

IIelvoetslttis  [hel'-voot-slois],  seaport  of  the 
Netherlands,  VIII.  628. 

Helyot,  Pierre  [a-lyo],  French  historian,  VIII. 
628. 

Hem'ans,  Felicia  Dorothea,  English  poetess, 
VIII.  628. 

Hematine  [hem'-a-tin],  coloring  matter  in  the 
blood,  VIII.  628. 

Hematchandra' s  lexicon ,  edition  of,  II.  791, 1  ab. 
Hematite  :  see  Iron  Ores,  IX.  406,  2  c  ;  411, 
1  b.  Hydrous  or  brown  hematites,  408, 1  a; 
411,  1  b,  2  be. 

Hemeralopia ,  day  blindness,  XII.  549,  1  b. 
Hemerobins  (entomology),  XIV.  807,  1  c. 
Hemerocallis  (botany),  X.  473,  1  c.  II.  fulva, 
1  b.  H.  flava,  1  c. 


Hemidac'tylus  (zoology),  VII.  656,  2  c.  H. 
mabonia,  657,  1  c  (ill.). 

Hemidesmus  Indicus  (botany),  XIV.  635,  2  c. 

Hemierqis  JDecresien'sis  Ihem-e-er'-iis],  (zoolo¬ 
gy),  XIV.  771,  1  b. 

IIemiga'le  (zoology),  VIII.  628.  II.  Hard- 
wickii  (ill.),  629. 

Hemiplegia,  form  of  paralysis,  III.  198,  2  c, 
199,  1  c;  XIII.  71,  2  a. 

Hemip'tera,  order  of  insects,  VIII.  629  (ills.). 

Hemitelia  speciosa  (botany),  (ill.),  VII.  151,  2. 

Hemit'ragus  (zoology),  VIII.  57,  1  b. 

Hemitrip' term  (ichthyology),  XIV.  739,  1  c. 
H.  Acadianus,  2  a  (ill.). 

IIemling:  see  Memling. 

Hemlock,  plant,  VIII.  630.  Poisonous  hem- 
lock :  see  Conium. 

Hemlock  Spruce,  tree,  VIII.  630  (ill.).  In 
hedges,  604,  2  c. 

Hemp,  plant,  VIII.  631.  Flowers  of,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Production  of  in  the  United  States,  632,  1  a. 
Cultivation  of,  1  b;  for  the  seed,  2  a.  In¬ 
dian  hemp,  2  c.  Sisal  hemp,  633,  2  a.  Sunn 
hemp,  2  b  (ill.).  For  rope  making,  XIV. 
423,  2  c ;  425,  2  c. 

“ Hemp ,”  of  wool,  XVI.  713,  1  ab. 

IIempel,  Charles  Julius,  American  physician, 
VIII.  634. 

Hemphill ,  county  seat,  XIV.  507,  2  ab. 

Hemp&eed  oil ,  VIII.  632,  2  be. 

Hempstead,  county,  VIII.  634. 

Hems:  see  IIoms. 

Hemskerk,  Martin  van  [hemce'-kairk],  Dutch 
painter,  VIII.  634. 

IIemsterhuys,  Tiberius  [hem'-ster-hoice],  Dutch 
critic  and  philologist,  VIII.  634.  Frans,  phi¬ 
losopher,  2  a. 

Hen  :  see  Cock  (Index). 

Hen  and  chickens ,  kind  of  daisy,  V.  638,  1  b. 

Henbane,  weed,  VIII.  634  (ilk). 

Henderson,  five  counties,  VIII.  635. 

Henderson,  city  of  Kentucky,  VIII.  635. 

Henderson,  county  seats,  XIV.  473,  1  b;  XV. 
18,  2  be. 

Henderson,  excise  case  of,  VII.  23,  2  c. 

Hendersonville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  635,  1  b. 

Hendricks,  county,  VIII.  635. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  Andrews,  American  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  636. 

Ileneguen  [lia-na-kain'],  plant,  XVI.  800,  1  a. 
See  Hemp,  VIII.  633,  2  a  (jenequen). 

Hen'eti :  see  Veneti  (Index). 

Hengist  [hen'-ghist],  Jutish  prince,  VIII.  636 
VI.  606,  2  c,  607,  1  a. 


HENGSTENBERG 


HENRY 


383 


Heng'stenberg,  Ernst  Wilhelm,  German  the¬ 
ologian,  VIII.  G36. 

IIen  Hawk:  see  Harrier,  VIIL  475,  2  c. 

Henle,  Friedrich  Gustav  Jakob  [hen'-leh], 
German  physiologist,  VIII.  637.  Founder 
of  microscopic  anatomy,  1  b. 

Henley,  John,  “Orator  Henley,”  VIII.  637. 

IIenlopen,  Cape  :  see  Cape  IIenlopen. 

IIenna,  shrub,  VIII.  637. 

Hennegau ,  Hennegouwen  [hen'-nSh-gow,  -gow- 
en] :  see  IIainaut. 

IIen'nepin,  county,  VIII.  638. 

Hennepin ,  county  seat,  XIV.  100,  1  b. 

Hennepin,  Louis  [Fr.  en-pang],  French  mission¬ 
ary,  VIII.  638. 

IIen'ningsen,  Charles  Frederick,  English  sol¬ 
dier  and  author,  VIII.  639.  (Died  1877.) 

Ilenot'icon ,  a  creed,  VIII.  217,  2  a ;  III.  514, 
1  b  ;  XI.  757,  2  a. 

Henri  I.  [ang-re],  king  of  Ilayti,  IV.  552,  2  b ; 
VIII.  552,  2  a. 

Henricians ,  sect,  III.  370,  2  b ;  VIII.  666,  1  b. 

HenrFco,  county,  VIII.  639. 

Henri  Deux  ware  [ang-re  dull],  XIII.  782, 1  a  (ill.). 

Henrietta  Anna,  duchess  of  Orleans, VIII.  639. 

Henrietta  Maria,  queen  of  England,  VIII. 
639.  Marriage  with  Charles  I.,  2  be;  IV. 
278,  2  c. 

IIenriquel-Dupont,  Louis  Pierre  [ang-re-kail- 
dii-pong],  French  engraver,  VIII.  640. 

Henry,  name  of  ten  counties,  VIIL  640. 

Henry,  name  of  several  sovereigns  of  England, 
France,  and  Germany,  VIII.  641. 

I.  ENGLAND. 

Henry  I.,  Beauclerc,  third  of  the  Norman  line, 
VIIL  641.  His  coinage  laws,  XI.  738,  2  a. 

Henry  II.,  first  of  the  Plantagenets,  VIIL  642. 
Troubles  with  the  church,  2  b.  New  coin¬ 
age  of,  XI.  616,  2  b;  788,  2  a. 

Henry  III.,  VIIL  643.  Unjust  coinage  law, 
XI.  738,  2  a. 

Henry  IV.,  first  of  the  house  of  Lancaster, 
VIIL  644. 

Henry  V.,  VIIL  644.  Victory  of  Agincourt, 
645,  2  c;  I.  187,  1  c. 

Henry  VI.,  VIIL  646.  WTar  of  the  roses, 
647,  1  a. 

Henry  VII.,  first  of  the  Tudors,  VIIL  647. 
His  laws  respecting  money,  XI.  739,  1  b. 

Henry  VIIL,  VIIL  648.  Marriage  with  Cath¬ 
arine  of  Aragon,  2  b.  Foreign  connections, 
649,  1  ab.  Wolsey’s  influence,  1  c.  Ques¬ 
tion  of  divorce,  650,  1  ab.  “Anglican 


schism,”  651,  2  b.  Marriage  with  Anne 
Boleyn,  652,  1  a.  Divorce  from  Catharine 
of  Aragon  pronounced,  1  b  ;  adverse  decision 
of  the  pope,  IV.  662,  2  b.  Final  separation 
from  Rome,  VIII.  652,  1  c.  Excommunica¬ 
tion  of  Henry,  ib.  Act  of  supremacy  passed, 
2  a.  Execution  of  Anne  Boleyn,  2  be. 
Marriage  with  Jane  Seymour,  ib.  Final  dis¬ 
solution  of  the  monasteries,  2  c.  Marriage 
with  Anne  of  Cleves,  653,  1  a;  with  Catha¬ 
rine  Howard,  ib. ;  with  Catharine  Parr,  ib. 
Persecutions  of  the  Catholics  and  Protestants, 

1  b.  His  treatise  on  the  seven  sacraments, 
649,  2  b;  its  supposed  author,  VII.  224,  1  be. 
His  laws  respecting  exportation  of  money, 
plate,  &c.,  XI.  739, 1  b.  Silver  farthings  last 
coined  in  his  reign,  ib. 

II.  FRANCE. 

Henry  I.,  third  of  the  Capetians,  VIII.  653. 

Henry  II.,  tenth  of  the  Valois  family,  VIIL  654. 

Henry  III.,  last  of  the  Valois  family,  VIIL 
654.  The  “holy  league,”  2  c.  War  with 
Henry  of  Navarre,  655,  1  b.  Assassination 
of  the  duke  of  Guise,  1  c. 

Henry  IV.,  of  Navarre,  first  of  the  house  of 
Bourbon,  VIII.  655.  Marriage  with  Marga¬ 
ret  of  Valois,  2  a.  Massacre  of  St.  Barthol¬ 
omew,  2  b.  War  against  the  league,  2  c. 
Abjuration  of  Protestantism,  656,  1  c.  Coro¬ 
nation,  ib.  Marriage  with  Maria  de1  Medici, 

2  b.  See  France,  VII.  382,  2  c. 

III.  GERMANY. 

Henry  I.,  the  Fowler,  king,  VIIL  657 ;  HI. 
209,  2  ab. 

Hensy  II.,  Saint,  emperor,  VIII.  657. 

Henry  III.,  VIIL  658.  Relations  of  church 
and  state,  1  b. 

Henry  IV.,  VIIL  658.  Harsh  treatment  of 
the  Saxons,  1  c.  Ratification  of  the  election 
of  Pope  Gregory  VII.,  243,  2  c.  Contest 
with  the  pope,  658,  2  ab,  244,  1  ab;  -with 
the  pope  and  rival  German  princes,  658,  2  c. 
His  three  days’  penance  at  Canossa,  2  be : 
III.  720,  2  b. 

Henry  V.,  the  Young,  VIIL  659.  Treachery 
toward  his  father,  1  b  (Henry  IV.).  Con¬ 
test  with  the  popes,  1  c ;  concordat  of  Worms, 
2  b,  X.  183,  2  be. 

Henry  VI.,  the  Cruel,  VIII.  659. 

Henry  VII.,  of  Luxemburg,  VIIL  660. 


Henry  the  Bearnais  [ba-ar-na],  III.  156,  2  a. 


384 


HENRY 


HERBERT 


Henry,  Caleb  Sprague,  American  author,  VIII. 
660. 

Henry,  Joseph,  physicist,  VIII.  660;  VI.  516, 
1  ah;  XI.  13, 1  c;  XV.  611,  1  b.  (Died  1878.) 
Henry,  Matthew,  English  Biblical  commenta¬ 
tor,  VIII.  661. 

Henry,  Patrick,  American  orator  and  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  661.  The  “  parsons’  cause,”  662, 
1  ab.  His  stamp  act  resolutions  in  the  house 
of  burgesses,  663,  1  a.  Delegate  to  congress, 
664,  1  a.  Governor  of  Virginia,  2  c.  His 
opposition  to  the  federal  constitution,  665, 

1  a.  Characterization,  1  b. 

Henry,  Philip,  English  divine,  VIII.  665. 
Henry,  Robert,  Scottish  historian,  VIII.  666. 
Henry,  William,  English  chemist,  VIII.  666. 
Henry  of  Lausanne:  see  Henry  the  Hermit. 
Henry  of  Trastamare ,  XIII.  223,  2  c. 

Henry  the  Hermit,  founder  of  the  sect  of 
Henricians,  VIII.  666 ;  II.  574,  1  c. 

Henry  the  Lion,  duke  of  Saxony  and  Bavaria, 
VIII.  666. 

Henry  the  Navigator,  Portuguese  prince, 
VIII.  667. 

Henryson,  Robert,  Scottish  poet,  VIII.  667. 
Hen'schen ,  Godfrey ,  learned  Jesuit,  III.  16,  2  c. 
IIensel,  Wilhelm,  German  painter,  VIII.  668. 
Fanny,  pianist,  1  ab. 

IIenselt,  Adolph,  German  pianist,  VIII.  668. 
Henshaw,  John  Prentiss  Kewley,  American 
bishop,  VIII.  668. 

IIensler,  Eliza :  see  Ferdinand  (Augustus 
Francis  Anthony). 

Hentz,  Caroline  Lee,  American  authoress, 
VIII.  668. 

Henzey,  Leon  Alexandre  [ang-za],  French  archae¬ 
ologist,  VIII.  668. 

Hep,  fruit  of  the  rose,  XIV.  433,  2  a. 

Hepar  sulphuris ,  liver  of  sulphur,  XIII.  760,  2  c. 
Hepat'ica,  genus  of  plants,  VIII.  668 ;  I.  490, 

2  c.  H.  triloba,  VIII.  669, 1  ab,  1  be  (ill.),  &c. 
Hepatic  artery ,  X.  536,  2  c ;  537,  1  ab,  2  a. 
Hepatic  duct ,  VII.  574,  2  ab;  X.  538,  lb;  II. 

636,  2  c. 

Hepatic  gas,  II.  558,  1  c. 

Hepatic  plexus,  of  the  sympathetic  nerve,  X. 
537,  1  b. 

Hepatic  rein,  X.  537,  2  a. 

HephaEstion  [he-fes'-te-on],  friend  of  Alexan¬ 
der  the  Great,  VIII.  669. 

Hephaestus  :  see  Vulcan. 

HepiaVidce  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  b. 
Hepi'alus  Jiu'muli  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  b. 
Heptachord,  musical  instrument,  X.  759,  2  b. 


Heptameron  [ep-ta-ma-rong],  a  French  classic, 
XI.  155,  2  a. 

Hep'tarchy  :  see  England,  VI.  607,  1  -b. 

IIepworth,  George  Hughes,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  VIII.  669. 

IIera  :  see  Juno. 

IIeracle'a,  ancient  city  of  Magna  Gnecia, 
VIII.  669 ;  II.  363,  2  b.  Of  Sicily,  VIII. 
669,  2  c.  Of  Bithynia,  670, 1  a  :  see  Eregli. 

Heracles  [her'-a-kleez] :  see  Hercules. 

Heracli'dae:  see  Greece,  VIII.  187,  2  b. 

Heracli'tus,  the  “weeping  philosopher,”  VIII. 
670;  XI.  808,  1  be;  XIII.  437,  1  b. 

IIeracli'us,  emperor  of  the  East,  VIII.  670  ; 
III.  514,  2  be.  His  attempt  to  conciliate  the 
Monopliysites,  VIII.  800,  1  a ;  XI.  758,  1  b. 

Herald:  see  Heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  c.  Her¬ 
alds’  college  in  England,  ib. 

“ Herald ,”  newspaper  of  New  York,  II.  530, 
2  ab. 

Heraldry,  VIII.  671.  Heraldic  shields  (plate). 
Modern  rules  of,  1  b.  Shields,  1  c.  The 
field,  2  be.  Charges,  672,  1  ab.  Blazoning, 
673,  2  ab.  Marshalling  of  arms,  2  c.  Ex¬ 
terior  ornaments,  674,  1  a.  Heralds,  1  c. 

Herapath,  William,  English  chemist, VIII.  674. 
His  test  for  adulterated  beer,  III.  262,  2  b. 

Herat',  city  of  Afghanistan,  VIII.  674.  Citadel 
(ill.),  675. 

Herault  [a-ro],  department  of  France,  VIII. 
675.  River,  2  be.  Wines  of,  VII.  411,  2  b. 

Herault  de  Sechelles,  Marie  Jean  [duh  sa- 
sh61],  French  revolutionist,  VIII.  675. 

Heraut' :  see  Herat. 

Herbarium,  collection  of  dried  plants,  VIII.  676. 

Herbart,  Johann  Friedrich  [hair'-bart],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  VIII.  676;  XI.  813,  2  ab; 
XIII.  431,  1  ab,  2  b,  442,  2  b. 

Herbe  de  la  reine  [airb  dull  la  rain] :  see  To¬ 
bacco,  XV.  780,  2  c. 

Herbelot,  Bartlielemy  d’  [dair-blo],  French 
orientalist,  VIII.  676. 

Herb  of  grace :  see  Rue,  XIV.  464,  2  a. 

Her'bemont ,  Mr.  [Fr.  airb-mong],  American  grape 
grower,  I.  418,  1  c.  Herbemont  grape,  ib. 

Herbert,  Edward,  Baron  Herbert  of  Cher- 
bury,  English  philosopher,  VIII.  677. 

Herbert,  George,  English  poet,  VIII.  677. 

Herbert,  Henry  William,  American  author., 
VIII.  677. 

Herbert,  John  Rogers,  English  painter,  VIIL 
678. 

Herbert,  Sir  Thomas,  traveller,  VIII.  678. 

Herbert,  William,  earl,  poet,  VIII.  678. 


HERBIVORA 


HERODIAM 


385 


IIerbiv'ora,  order  of  mammals,  VIII.  678. 
Herb  Robert,  plant,  VII.  731,  2  b  (ill.). 
IIercula'neum,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  VIII. 
678  (view).  Paintings  in,  how  preserved, 
XVI.  269,  1  ab. 

Hercu'lean  legion,  in  the  Roman  army,  X.  851, 

1  b. 

Hercules  [hur'-ku-leez],  mythical  hero,  VIII. 

679.  His  birth,  I.  264,  1  b. 

Hercules,' pillars  of,  VII.  800,  2  c ;  VIII.  679,  2  c. 
Hercules’  Club,  name  of  three  plants,  VIII. 

680;  XIII.  830,  2  c ;  VIII.  131,  2  a. 
Herculis  Promontorium :  see  Cape  Sparti- 
vento. 

Hercynian  Forest :  see  Hercynia  Silva.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  II.  784,  1  b. 

Hercynia  Silva,  forest  of  Germany,  VIII.  680. 
Herder,  Johann  Gottfried  von  [hair'-der],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  VIII.  680.  His  influence  on 
German  literature,  VII.  767,  1  a. 

Herd's  grass ,  red-top,  VIII.  167,  2  c.  Timothy, 
ib.,  and  XV.  757,  2  c. 

Herdsman,  the,  curiosity  in  Staflra,  XV.  301, 1  a. 
Hereditaments,  in  law,  VIII.  681. 

Hereford  [h&r'-e-furd],  city  of  England,  VIII. 

681.  Cathedral,  2  a  (ill.). 

Herefordshire,  county  of  England,  VIII.  681. 
'Herem  (anathema),  I.  459,  1  a. 

Heresy ,  punishment  of :  see  Inquisition,  IX. 
293,  1  a,  ff.  First  execution  for,  1  be  ;  XIV. 
6, 1  a.  Decree  of  the  fourth  Lateran  council 
for  its  suppression,  X.  184,  1  be.  The  legal 
foundation  of  inquisitorial  courts,  IX.  293, 

2  ab. 

Herford  [hair'-fort],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII. 

682. 

Herginis  Au :  see  Herisau,  VIII.  682,  1  c. 
Herginn  [hair'-ghin],  raven,  messenger  of  Odin, 
XII.  119,  2  c. 

Her'ing,  Constantin,  American  physician, VIII. 
682. 

Heriot,  George,  Scottish  goldsmith,  VIII.  682. 

Heriot’s  hospital,  1  be ;  VI.  406,  2  c. 
Herisau  [ha'-re-zow],  town  of  Switzerland, 
VIII.  682. 

Heristal  [a-ris-tal] :  see  Herstal  (Index). 
Herkimer,  county,  VIII.  682. 

Herkimer,  county  seat,  VIII.  682,  2  c. 
Hermce'um  Promonto' rium  :  see  Cape  Bon. 
Herma'ia,  festivals  of  Mercury,  XI.  404,  2  a. 
Hermandad  [air-man-£M£A']>  holy  brotherhood, 
IV.  616,  2  b;  VII.  136,  1  be. 

Her'mann,  county  seat,  VII.  641,  1  a;  I.  417, 
2  a,  418,  2  a,  b,  419,  1  a,  2  be,  420,  1  b. 

25 


Hermann  [Ger.  hair'-man],  German  hero  :  see 
Arminius,  and  Bandel  (Index). 

Hermann,  archbishop,  u  Consultation  ”  of,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  V.  153,  2  b. 

Hermann,  Johann  Gottfried  Jakob,  German 
philologist,  VIII.  682. 

Hermannstadt,  Transylvania,  VIII.  683  (view). 

Hermapii'rodite,  VIII.  683. 

Heemas,  ecclesiastical  writer  of  the  first  cen¬ 
tury,  VIII.  684.  Hernias  or  Hermes,  1  c. 

Hermeneutics:  see  Theology,  XV.  695,  1  ab. 

Hermes  [hur'-meez],  deity  :  see  Mercury. 

Hermes,  Georg  [hair'-mess],  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  VIII.  684. 

Hermesianism ,  doctrine,  VIII.  684,  2  ab. 

Hermesite ,  mineral,  XV.  50,  1  c. 

Hermes  Trismegistus,  mythical  author,  VIII. 
684.  Eeputed  discoverer  of  the  hermetic 
art  (alchemy),  I.  260,  2  a. 

Hermetic  art ,  I.  260,  2  a  (Alchemy). 

Hermit  :  see  Anchoret,  and  Monachism,  XI. 
728,  2  b. 

Hermitage ,  county  seat,  VIII.  716,  2  b. 

Hermitage,  residence  of  Andrew  Jackson,  IX. 
487,  1  b ;  488,  1  c ;  493,  1  c,  2  a. 

Hermitage  [air-me-tazh],  residence  of  lious- 
seau,  XIV.  453,  2  a.  See  Epinay. 

Hermitage  Wine  :  see  France,  Wines  of,  VII. 
412,  1  b. 

Hermit  of  the  Gharente ,  II.  259,  2  c. 

Hermits  of  St.  Augustine :  see  Augustinians, 
and  XI.  729,  2  b. 

Hermodur,  in  northern  mythology,  II.  237,  2  b. 

Hermon,  mountain,  VIII.  685 ;  I.  564,  1  a. 

Hermop'olis ,  capital  of  Syra,  XV.  541,  1  b. 

IIermopolis  Magna,  city  of  Egypt,  VIII.  685. 

Hermosillo  [air-mo-se'-lyo],  town  of  Mexico, 
VIII.  685. 

Hermotybii,  Egyptian  warriors,  1.  737,  1  a. 

Hernando,  county,  VIII.  685. 

Herndon,  William  Lewis,  American  naval  offi¬ 
cer,  VIII.  685. 

Hernia,  or  Rupture,  VIII.  685. 

Her'nici,  ancient  people  of  Italy”,  VIII.  686. 

IIernosand  :  see  Wester  Xorrland. 

Hero  :  see  Heron,  philosopher. 

Hero,  mythical,  VIII.  686. 

IIerod,  the  Great,  king  of  the  Jews,  VIII.  686. 

Herod  Agrippa  I.,  VIII.  687. 

Herod  Agrippa  II.,  VIII.  687. 

IIerod  Antipas,  VIII.  687. 

Hero'des  Atticus  :  see  Atticus. 

Herodian,  Greek  historian,  VIII.  687.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  X.  199,  la. 


380 


HERODIAS 


HESPERIPHOHA 


Herodias ,  wife  of  Herod  Antipas,  VIII.  687,  2  b. 

Herod'otus,  Greek  historian,  VIII.  688 ;  213, 
1  b.  His  notice  of  lake  dwellings,  X.  1 10,  2  c. 

Heroic  age ,  1. 185,  2  c.  Of  Greece,  VIII.  187,  2  a. 

Herold,  Louis  Joseph  Ferdinand  [a-ruld], 
French  composer,  VIII.  689. 

Heron,  bird,  VIII.  689.  European,  690,  1  a 
(ill.,  689) ;  Louisiana,  1  c  (ill.) ;  snowy,  2  a ; 
great  blue,  2  c  (ill.) ;  great  white,  691,  2  a 
(ill.)  •  blue,  2  b.  Sun  herons,  2  c.  Green 
heron,  II.  670,  2  a  (ill.). 

Heron,  or  Hero,  Alexandrian  philosopher  and 
mathematician,  VIII.  691.  Inventions  of, 
692,  1  a;  IX.  115,  2  ab;  XV.  839,  1  be  (ill.). 

Herobpolite  yw(/’[he-ro-op'-o-lite],  XV.  439, 1  b. 

Heroph'ilus,  Greek  anatomist,  VIII.  692.  In¬ 
vestigations  in  anatomy,  1  b ;  I.  460,  1  c. 

Herosteattjs  :  see  Erostratijs. 

Herpes'tes  (zoology),  IX.  157,  2  a.  H.  ichneu¬ 
mon,  ib.  (ill.),  &c. 

IIerpetoi/ogy,  branch  of  zoology,  VIII.  692. 
Classification  of  reptiles  by  ancient  authors, 

1  c  ;  by  modern,  2  ab. 

Herrera,  Fernando  de  [air-ra'-ra],  Spanish 
poet,  VIII.  695  ;  XV.  221,  1  a. 

Herrera,  Francisco  de,  the  elder,  Spanish 
painter,  VIII.  695.  Francisco  de,  the 
younger,  painter,  696,  1  a. 

Herrera  y  Tordesillas,  Antonio  de  [e  tore- 
£M-se'-lyass],  historian,  VIII.  696. 

Herrick,  Robert,  English  poet,  VIII.  696. 

Herring,  family  of  fishes,  VIII.  696.  Ameri¬ 
can,  2  c  (ill.,  697) ;  European,  697,  1  c  (ill.). 
Herring  fishery,  2  b.  First  preservation  of 
herrings :  see  Beukels. 

Herring,  John  Frederick,  English  painter, 
VIII.  698. 

Herring-bone ,  in  bricklaying,  III.  269,  1  c. 

IIereniiut  [hairn'-hoot] :  see  Moravians,  and 

ZlNZENDORF. 

Her'sciiel,  Sir  William,  English  astronomer, 
VIII.  698.  His  telescope,  699,  1  b.  His 
method  of  star  gauging,  2  a;  VII.  559,  1  c; 
XV.  313,  2  a.  Observations  on  the  sun, 
XV.  472,  1  a,  b.  Experiments  on  the  rela¬ 
tion  of  heat  and  light,  XIII.  468,  2  b.  In¬ 
vestigations  on  the  constitution  of  the  galaxy, 
VII.  559,  1  c,  XV.  313,  2  be;  of  Cygnus 
and  other  star  clusters,  1  c,  317,  1  ab.  Dis¬ 
covery  of  Uranus,  XVI.  220,  2  c,  VIII.  698, 

2  c.  Discoveries  in  sidereal  astronomy, 
1  c. — Caroline  Lucretia,  astronomer,  VIII. 
699,  2  be. — Sir  John  Frederick  William, 
astronomer  and  physicist,  700,  1  ab.  Ex¬ 


pedition  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1  c. 
Work  on  astronomy,  2  a.  Observations  on 
the  stars,  2  be  ;  on  the  milky  way,  2  c,  VII. 
560,  1  ab,  2  a.  Experiments  in  regard  to 
light,  VII.  289,  2  c.  Theory  of  the  cause  of 
currents,  II.  74,  1  a;  of  the  disappearance 
of  Biela’s  comet,  V.  141,  1  ab.  Observa¬ 
tions  on  the  sun,  XV.  472, 1  ab,  2  c.  Theory 
of  the  daguerreotype  process,  XIII.  470,  1  b. 

Herschel ,  planet :  see  Uranijs,  and  VIII.  699, 
1  ab. 

Hersek :  see  Herzegovina. 

Hersent,  Louis  [air-sang],  painter,  VIII.  701. 

Hersey ,  county  seat,  XII.  716,  2  b. 

Hersfeld  [hairce'-felt],  Prussia,  VIII.  701. 

IIerstal  [hair'-stal],  Belgium,  VIII.  701. 

Hert'ford,  county,  VIII.  701. 

Hertford  [hart'-furd],  England,  VIII.  701. 

Hertford ,  county  seat,  XIII.  309,  2  c. 

Hertfordshire,  county  of  England,  VIII.  701. 

IiERTnA,  goddess  of  earth,  VIII.  702 ;  XII. 
120,  2  a. 

Herts :  see  Hertfordshire. 

Hertz,  Henrik  [hairts],  Danish  poet,  VIII.  702. 

Hertzen,  Alexander,  Russian  author,  VIII.  702. 

Her'uli,  German  tribe,  VIII.  703. 

Herve  [air-va],  French  composer,  VIII.  703. 

Hervey,  James,  English  author,  VIII.  703. 

Hervey,  John,  baron,  politician,  VIII.  703. 

IIervey,  Thomas  Kibble,  poet,  VIII.  703. 
Eleonora  Louisa  (Montague),  writer,  2  b. 

Hervey  de  Saint  Denys,  Marie  Jean  L6on  de, 
marquis  [air-va  duh  sang  diih-ne],  French 
sinologue,  VIII.  703. 

Herwegh,  Georg  [hair-vekh],  German  poet, 
VIII.  703.  (Died  1875.) 

Herz,  Henriette  [hairts],  a  leader  of  Berlin 
society,  VIII.  703. 

Herzegovina  [hair-tseh-go-ve'-na],  province  of 
Turkey,  VIII.  704. 

Herzen  :  see  Hertzen. 

He'siod,  Greek  poet,  VIII.  704.  His  “Works 
and  Days,”  2  be  ;  “  Theogony,”  2  c  ;  “  Hero¬ 
ines,”  705,  1  a. 

Hesperia ,  or  H.  Magna  (Italy),  IX.  449,  1  a. 

Hesperi' ados  (entomology),  III.  495,  2  be ;  500, 
1  c. 

Hesperides  [hes-p&r'-e-deez],  in  mythology, 
VIII.  705.  Gardens  of,  1  b ;  II.  526,  2  c ; 
VI.  487,  1  c.  Golden  apples  of,  VIII.  705, 
1  b;  679,  2  c. 

Hesperid'ium ,  a  kind  of  fruit,  XIII.  591,  1  b. 

Hesperiph! ona  xesperti'na  (ornithology),  VIII 
264,  1  c  (ill.). 


HESPERIS 


1IICKES 


387 


4 

Hes'peris:  see  Benghazi,  and  IT.  553,  2  ab. 

Ilesper'omys  (zoology),  XII.  15,  1  b.  H.  leuco- 
pus,  1  be  (ill.).  Other  species,  2  a-b.  H. 
rayoides,  VIII.  433,  2  ab. 

IIess,  Karl  Adolph  Heinrich,  German  artist, 
VIII.  705. 

Hess,  Karl  Ernst  Christoph,  German  engraver, 
VIII.  705.  Peter  von,  painter,  1  c.  Hein¬ 
rich  von,  historical  painter,  2  a. 

Hesse  [hess],  territory  of  Germany,  VIII.  705. 
Grand  duchy,  2  c. 

Hesse,  Adolph  Friedrich  [lies'-seh],  German 
organist,  VIII.  700. 

Hesse,  Nicolas  Auguste  [ess],  French  painter, 
VIII.  707.  Alexandre  Jean  Baptiste,  1  a. 

Hesse-Cassel,  electorate,  VIII.  707. 

Hesse-Darmstadt  :  see  Hesse,  VIII.  706,  1  a. 

Hesse-Homburg,  landgraviate,  VIII.  708. 

Hessels ,  member  of  Alva’s  blood  council,  I. 
370,  1  b. 

Hessen:  see  Hesse,  VIII.  705,  2  ab. 

Hesse-Nassau,  province  of  Prussia,  VIII.  708. 

Hessia:  see  Hessb,  VIII.  705,  2  ab. 

Hessian  Fly,  VIII.  708  (ill.). 

Hessian  soldiers  in  America,  VIII.  707,  1  c. 
Mirabeau  on  the  employment  of  them,  XI. 
623,  2  a.  Tolled  by  Frederick  the  Great  as 
“  bought  and  sold  cattle,”  VII.  458,  1  b. 

Hessing ,  Dutch  adventurer,  I.  191,  2  a. 

Hestia:  see  Vesta. 

IIesychitts,  Saint  [he-sik'-e-us],  Egyptian  bish¬ 
op,  VIII.  709.  Of  Alexandria,  lexicographer, 
1  c.  Of  Jerusalem,  ecclesiastical  writer,  2  a. 
Of  Miletus,  Greek  historian,  2  b. 

Hetce'rce,  courtesans  in  Athens,  II.  65,  2  a. 

Hetceria,  secret  political  society,  III.  175,  2  b; 
VIII.  202,  1  c ;  XVI.  433,  2  a,  798,  2  ab. 

Hetaira,  courtesan,  XIII.  477,  1  b. 

Heterocercal,  form  of  fisk’s  tail,  VIII.  709  (ill.). 

Heterogen' esis,  II.  208,  1  b. 

Heterogenists  [het-er-oj'-e-nists],  II.  374,  2  c. 

Heteromeles  Mauritan' icus  [het-er-om'-e-leez], 
(zoology),  XIV.  171,  2  a. 

Heterom' era  (entomology),  II.  477,  1  c. 

IIeterop'oda  :  see  Nucleobranchiates,  and 
XI.  722,  1  c. 

IIeterop'tera  :  see  Hemiptera,  VIII.  629, 
1  be  (H.  heteroptera). 

Hetero'pus  (zoology),  IX.  744,  2  b. 

Heterousiasts :  see  Arianism,  I.  700,  2  a. 

Hetman,  Polish  military  title :  see  Attaman, 
II.  93,  1  b,  and  XIII.  646,  2  c. 

Heuglin,  Theodor  von,  baron  [hoig'-lin],  Ger¬ 
man  traveller,  VIII.  710.  (Died  1876.) 


Heve'a  Guianen'  sis  (botany),  III.  734,  1  c. 

IIeve'lius,  Johannes,  Polish  astronomer,  VIII. 
710. 

IIeyes  [hev'-esh],  county  of  Hungary,  VIII. 
710.  Town,  2  a. 

Hewel  [hev'-el] :  see  IIevelius. 

Hewellce  [hev-el'-keh] :  see  IIevelius. 

Hewes,  Joseph,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  VIII.  710. 

Hewitt ,  Abram  S »,  his  u  Report  on  Iron  and 
Steel,”  IX,  410,  1  ab. 

Hewson  (William,  1739-’74,  author  of  u  Ex¬ 
perimental  Inquiries  into  the  Properties  of 
the  Blood,”  1772),  researches  of :  see  Blood, 
II.  732,  2  b  ;  733,  1  a, 

Hex'apla,  Origen’s,  XII.  692,  2  b ;  XIII.  687, 1  c. 

Hexascope ,  instrument,  IX.  735,  2  b. 

IIeyden,  Jan  van  der  [ln'-den],  Dutch  painter, 
VIII.  710. 

Heylin,  Peter  [ha'-lin],  English  theologian, 
VIII.  710. 

Heyne,  Christian  Gottlob  [lri'-nSh],  German 
philologist,  VIII.  710.  His  philological  la¬ 
bors,  X.  191,  2  b. 

Hey's  saio :  see  Trepan,  XV.  860,  2  be. 

Heyse,  Karl  Wilhelm  Ludwig  [hl'-zeh],  Ger¬ 
man  philologist,  VIII.  711.  Johann  Lud¬ 
wig  Paul,  author,  1  b. 

Heyward,  Thomas  [ha'-wurd],  a  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  VIII.  711. 

Heywood,  town  of  England,  VIII.  711. 

Heywood,  John,  English  humorist,  VIII.  711. 
His  interludes,  XI.  628,  1  be. 

Heywood,  Thomas,  dramatist,  VIII.  711. 

Hezarehs ,  Mongols,  XI.  747,  1  b. 

Hezeki'ah,  king  of  Judah,  VIII.  711.  Pool 
of,  IX.  612,  2  c. 

Hiacoo'mes,  converted  Indian,  VIII.  711. 

Hiang  Kiang :  see  Hong  Kong. 

Hiaquis  [e-a'-kees] :  see  Yaquis. 

Hiawas'see,  county  seat,  XV.  828,  2  c. 

Hiawatha,  county  seat,  III.  335,  1  c. 

Hibbard,  Freeborn  Garretson,  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  VIII.  712. 

Hibbens ,  Anne ,  executed  for  witchcraft,  II. 
505,  2  c  (1656);  III.  126,  2  c. 

Hibernation,  of  animals,  VIII.  712. 

Hibernia:  see  Ireland,  IX.  355,  2  b.  Ety¬ 
mology  of,  VII.  552,  1  b. 

Hibiscus,  genus  of  plants,  VIII.  713.  II.  Mos- 
cheutos,  2  ab  (ill.).  II.  Syriacus,  714,  1  a 
(ill.),  &c.  H.  esculentus,  XII.  607,  2  b  (ill.). 

Hiccough  [hik'-kup],  VIII.  714;  VI.  79, 1  ab. 

Hickes,  George,  English  author,  VIII.  714. 


388 


HICKMAN 


HILLEL 


Hickman,  two  counties,  VIII.  714. 

Hiclcman,  county  seat,  VII.  524,  2  b. 

Hickok,  Laurens  Perseus,  American  metaphy¬ 
sician,  VIII.  715  ;  XI.  815,  2  b ;  XVI.  203, 1  c. 

Hickory,  tree,  VIII.  715  (ills.). 

Hickory,  county,  VIII.  716. 

Hickory ,  Old ,  sobriquet,  IX.  488,  1  c,  2  a. 

Hickory  Town:  see  Lancaster,  X.  135,  2  be. 

Hicks,  Elias,  American  preacher,  VIII.  716. 
See  Friends,  VII.  498,  1  b. 

Hicks,  Thomas,  American  painter,  VIII.  717. 

Hicksford,  county  seat,  VIII.  239,  1  a. 

Hicksites :  see  Friends,  VII.  498,  2  ab. 

Hidalgo  [e-tfMl'-go],  Spanish  title,  VIII.  717. 

Hidal'go,  county,  VIII.  717. 

Hidalgo  y  Costilla,  Don  Miguel  [e  koce-te'- 
lya],  Mexican  priest  and  revolutionist,  VIII. 
717 ;  I.  310,  1  c.  See  Allende. 

Hiddekel :  see  Tigris,  XV.  752,  1  c. 

HicLe  mill ,  in  tanning,  X.  273,  2  c. 

Hides  :  see  Leather,  X.  271,  1  a. 

Hideyoshi  [he-da-yo'-she],  Japanese  warrior 
and  statesman,  IX.  542,  2  b. 

Hiemp'sal:  see  Jugurtha,  IX.  708,  2  a. 

Heerap'olis,  city  of  Phrygia,  VIII.  717.  Of 
Syria,  718,  1  a.. 

Hieratic  writing ,  Egyptian,  VI.  468,  2  be ; 
XVI.  738,  21  b. 

Hi'ero,  tyrant  of  Syracuse,  VIII.  718.  King 
of  Syracuse,  1  b. 

Hieroch'loa  borea'lis  (botany),  VIII.  167,  2  a. 

Hieroglyphics,  VIII.  718..  Picture  writing  of 
the  North  American.  Indians,  719, 1  b  (ills.)  ; 
Mexicans,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Central  America,  720, 
2  c ;  British  Guiana,  721,  1  b  (ill.)..  See 
Egypt,  Language  and  Literature  of,  Mayas, 
and  Writing. 

Hieron'y mites,  religious  order,  XI.  730,,  21  ab. 

Hieron :  see  Hiero. 

Hieronymus  :  see  Jerome. 

Hierophant  [hl-er'-o-fant],  priest,  VTII..  721. 

Hi'eros  ich'thys  (sacred  fish),  VI.  191,  2  c.. 

Hierro  [yair'-ro] :  see  Ferro. 

Higden  (Ranulph,  Benedictine  monk),  supposed 
author  of  the  Chester  plays,  XI.  627,  1  c. 

Higginson,  Francis,  American  clergyman,  VIII.. 
721.  John,  clergyman,  2  c.  Thomas  Went¬ 
worth,  author,  722,  1  a. 

High  bridge,  Harlem  river,  I.  614,  2  a  (ill.). 

High  commission  court ,  constituted,  VI.,  623,, 
1  a;  abolished,  624,  1  c. 

High-dried  snuff,  XV.  783,  2  ab. 

Higher  law,  origin  of  the  phrase,  XIV.  792,  2.C;, 

High'gate,  village  of  England,  VHL  722* 


* 

Highgate  resin,  V.  313,  1  c. 

High-holder,  bird,  XVI.  710,  2  a. 

Highland,  two  counties,  VIII.  722. 
Highlanders:  see  Scotland,  XIV.  700,  2  a. 
Highlands,  of  Scotland,  VIII.  722.  Of  the 
Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  a. 

Highmore,  Joseph,  English  anatomist,  VIII. 
723. 

High  operation,  for  the  stone,  XV.  399,  1  a. 
High  Peak ,  in  the  Catskills,  IV.  126,  1  b. 

High  seas,  XIII.  539,  1  a. 

High  taper,  plant,  XII.  31,  1  c. 

High  toast,  snuff,  XV.  783,  2  ab. 

High' way,  in  law,  VIII.  723. 

High’ wines:  see  Whiskey,  XVI.  597,  2  b. 
Hilaire,  Timile  Marc  [e-lair]:  see  Saint- Hilaire, 
Marco  de. 

Hila'rion,  Saint,  VIII.  723 ;  XI.  729,  1  b. 
Hilarius  :  see  Hilary,  Saint. 

Hilarius,  author  of  miracle  plays,  XI.  626,  2  b. 
Hilary,  pope,  VIII.  723. 

Hilary,  Saint,  bishop  and  theological  writer, 
VIII.  723. 

Hilda,  Saint,  VIII.  724. 

Hildburghausen  [hild'-boorg-how-zen],  for¬ 
mer  duchy,  VIII.  724.  Town,  2  a. 

Hildebert  (abp.  of  Tours,  d.  1134),  term  “tran- 
substantiation  ”  first  used  by,  X.  638,  2  b. 
Hildebrand  :  see  Gregory  VII.,  pope. 
Hildebrandt,  Ferdinand  Theodor,  German 
painter,  VIII.  724.  Eduard,  2  c. 

Hildegard,  or  Hildegardis,  Saint,  VIII.  724 ; 
II.  574,  1  c. 

Hildesheim  [hil'-dess-hime],  Prussia,  VIII.  725. 
Hildreth,  Richard,  American  author,  VIII. 

725.  His  “History  of  the  United  States,” 
2  c ;  XVI.  192,  2  b. 

IIill,  county,  VIII.  726. 

Hill,  Miss  Abigail:  see  Masham. 

Hill,  Ambrose  Powell,  American  soldier,  VIII. 

726. 

Hill,  Daniel  Harvey,  soldier,  VIII.  726. 

Hill,  Isaac,  politician,  VIII.  726. 

Hill,  Rowland,  English  clergyman,  VIII.  726. 
Hill,  Rowland,  viscount,  general,  VIII.  726. 
IIill,  Sir  Rowland,  author  of  cheap  postage, 
VIII.  727. 

Hill,.  Thomas,  American  clergyman,  president 
of  Harvard  college,  VIII.  727. 

Hillah  .-  see  IIilleh. 

Hillard,  George  Stillman,  American  author, 
VIII.  727. 

IIilleh,  town  of  Turkey,  VIII.  727. 

Hillel,  rabbi,  VIII.  728.  School  of,  1  b ;  XIII. 


HILLER 


HIPPO 


389 


381,  2  b.  Another  Hillel,  author  of  the  ex¬ 
isting  Jewish  calendar,  VIII.  728,  1  b. 
Hiller,  Ferdinand,  German  composer,  VIII. 
728. 

Hill  of  Evil  Counsel ,  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  612,  2  b. 
Hill  Gareb,  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  612,  2  c. 
IIilliiouse,  James,  American  statesman,  VIII. 

728.  James  Abraham,  poet,  2  a. 

Hilliard,  Nicholas  [hil -yard],  English  painter, 
VIII.  728. 

Hilliard  d’Auberteuil,  Michel  Ren6  [e-lyar 
do-bair-tuhy’],  French  author,  VIII.  728. 
Hillsboro ,  county  seat,  XIV.  706,  2  a. 
Hillsborough,  two  counties,  VIII.  729. 
Hillsborough ,  county  seats,  VIII.  722,  2  c;  726, 
1  a;  IX.  588,  1  c ;  XI.  787,  2  a ;  XVI.  476, 1  c. 
Hillsdale,  county,  VIII.  729. 

Hillsdale,  city  of  Michigan,  VIII.  729.  Hills¬ 
dale  college,  2  a. 

Hill's  stopping,  in  dentistry,  VI.  23,  2  a. 
Hillsville ,  county  seat,  IV.  29,  1  c. 

Hilo  [he'-lo],  town  of  Hawaii,  VIII.  729. 
Hilton,  William,  English  painter,  VIII.  730. 
Hilum ,  in  plants,  XIII.  592,  1  a;  XV.  317,  2  c. 
Himala'ya  Mountains  [properly  him-a'-la-ya], 
VIII.  730.  Mount  Everest  (ill.),  731. 
Himan'topus  (ornithology)?  XV.  386,  2  a.  H. 
nigricollis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Him'era,  ancient  city  of  Sicily,  VIII.  733. 
Himil'co,  Carthaginian  navigator,  VIII.  734. 
General,  1  b. 

Himmel,  Friedrich  Heinrich,  German  composer, 
VIII.  734. 

Him'yar ,  founder  of  Mareb,  I.  620,  2  c ;  VIII. 
734,  2  a,  c. 

IIimyarites,  Arabian  race,  VIII.  734. 
Himyaritic  language  and  inscriptions ,  VIII. 
734, 1  c  (ill.,  736) ;  I.  171, 1  a,  620,  2  c;  IX. 
217,  1  a. 

Hinckley,  town  of  England,  VIII.  736. 

Hincks,  Edward,  Irish  archaeologist,  VIII.  736. 

Sir  Francis,  Canadian  statesman,  2  ab. 
Hincmar,  Gallican  prelate,  VIII.  736. 

Hind ,  animal,  XV.  302,  1  be. 

Hind,  John  Russell,  astronomer,  VIII.  737. 
Hindi  [hin-de'],  language  of  India,  IX.  216,  2  c. 
Hindoo  architecture ,  I.  653,  2  b. 

Hindoo  Koosh,  range  of  mountains,  VIII.  737. 
Hindostan'  :  see  India. 

Hinds,  county,  VIII.  738. 
^indu8tdni\\im-<[oo-stk, -no\:  see  Urdu  (Index). 
Hinesville ,  county  seat,  X.  400,  2  c. 

IIing'ham,  town  of  Massachusetts,  VIII.  738. 
Hinnom ,  vale  of,  VII.  659,  1  b.  See  Topiiet. 


Hinny :  see  Ass,  II.  23,  1  b. 

Hinsdale,  county,  VIII.  738. 

Hinton,  John  Howard,  English  clergyman  and 
author,  VIII.  738. 

Hinzuan' :  see  J ohanna  Island. 

Hiogo  [he-o'-go],  town  of  Japan,  VIII.  738. 

Hip ,  fruit  of  rose,  XIV.  433,  2  a. 

Hip  joint ,  I.  783,  2  c  (ill.,  784). 

Hippar'chia  (entomology),  III.  500,  1  a.  II. 
Andromacha,  1  b.  H.  semidea,  ib. 

Hipparchus ,  military  title,  I.  63,  1  ab. 

Hipparchus,  astronomer,  VIII.  738 ;  II.  44, 
2  a.  Application  of  astronomy  to  geogra¬ 
phy,  VII.  683,  2  c ;  of  mathematics  to  astron¬ 
omy,  referred  to,  701, 1  c.  Discovery  of  the 
precession  of  the  equinoxes,  XIII.  807,  1  c. 

Hipparchus  :  see  Hippias  and  Hipparchus. 

Hippa'rion,  fossil  mammal,  VIII.  738  (ill.,  739). 

Hippeau,  Celestin  [e-po],  author,  VIII.  739. 

Hippias,  sophist  (of  Elis,  contemporary  of  Soc¬ 
rates,  celebrated  for  vanity  and  arrogance), 
XIII.  437,  2  b. 

Hippias  and  Hipparchus,  tyrants  of  Athens, 
VIII.  739 ;  II.  55,  2  a,  c.  See  IIarmodius 
and  Akistogiton. 

Hippid'ion  (zoology),  VIII.  739,  1  a. 

Hippo,  city  of  Numidia,  VIII.  739. 

Hippobosca  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  c. 

Hippocampus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  729,  1  be. 
II.  brevirostris,  2  a  (ill.). 

Hippocrates  [hip-pok'-ra-teez],  Greek  physi¬ 
cian,  VIII.  740.  Referred  to,  III.  131,  2  ab. 
His  theory  of  inflammation,  IX.  274,  2  c. 
On  insanity,  297,  1  a.  Mention  of  lake- 
dwellers,  X.  Ill,  1  a.  See  Medicine,  XI. 
345,  2  b ;  Surgery,  XV.  485,  2  b. 

Hippocre'ne,  fountain,  VIII.  740. 

Hip'podrome,  race  course,  VIII.  740. 

Hippoglos'sus  (ichthyology),  VIII.  392,  1  ab. 
H.  vulgaris,  1  b  (ill.). 

Hippolyte  [hip-pol'-e-te],  seizure  of  the  girdle 
of,  VIII.  679,  2  be. 

Hippolyte ,  Pere  [e-piih-leet] :  see  Helyot. 

Hippol'ytus,  son  of  Theseus  :  see  Phaedra. 

Hippolytus,  Saint,  VIII.  740. 

Hippolytus  a  Lapide  [a  lap'-e-de],  pseudonyme, 
IV.  372,  1  c. 

Hippom’ane  mancilla  (botany),  XI.  95, 1  c  (ill.). 

Hippo'nax,  Greek  poet,  VIII.  741. 

Hippo  Regius:  see  Hippo. 

IIippopot'amus,  animal,  VIII.  741  (ill.). 

Hippoti'gris ,  animal,  XVI.  808,  1  a. 

Hippotox'otce,  mounted  archers,  I.  739,  1  b. 

Hippo  Zarytus :  see  Bizerta. 


390 


IIIPPURIC 


HOCK 


Hippu'ric  acid ,  II.  545,  1  c. 

Hira  [he'-ra],  kingdom  of,  I.  621,  1  b. 
ffira-Tcana  [he-ra-ka'-na],  form  of  Japanese 
writing,  IX.  548,  2  a  (ill.,  549). 

Hiram,  township  of  Ohio,  VIII.  743.  Hiram 
college,  1  c. 

Hiram ,  king  of  Tyre,  referred  to,  XIII.  454, 

1  b,  2  b ;  XVI.  97,  2  c. 

Hiranyagarbha  [he-ran-ya-gar'-b’ha],  in  Hin¬ 
doo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  c. 

Hirata  Atsutane  [he-ra'-ta  at-soo-ta'-na],  Jap¬ 
anese  author,  IX.  562,  1  be ;  565,  1  b. 
Hiring,  in  law,  VIII.  743. 

Hirpi'ni,  ancient  people  of  Italy,  VIII.  744. 
Hirsciibeeg  [heersh'-bairg],  Prussia,  VIII.  744. 
Hirst,  Henry  B.,  American  poet,  VIII.  744. 
Hirtius,  Aulus  [hur'-shus],  Roman  statesman, 
VIII.  744. 

Hiru'do  deco'ra  (zoology),  X.  310,  2  c. 
Hirundin' idee  (ornithology),  XV.  498,  1  a. 
Hirundo  (ornithology),  XV.  498,  1  a.  H.  hor- 
reorum,  2  a  (ill.).  H.  bicolor,  499,  1  b  (ill.). 
II.  alpestris,  I.  358,  2  b.  II.  esculenta,  II. 
657,  1  c ;  XV.  520,  2  b. 

Hisinger  [he'-zing-er],  (Wilhelm,  Swedish  min¬ 
eralogist,  1766-1852):  see  Chemistry,  IV. 
366,  2  b. 

His'palis  (Seville),  XIV.  790,  2  c. 

Hispania  :  see  Spain,  XV.  210,  1  a,  2  a. 
Hispaniola  :  see  Hayti. 

Hispano-moresque  style,  of  pottery,  XIII.  780, 

2  c. 

Histle'a,  ancient  city  of  Euboea,  VIII.  744. 
Histol'ogy,  microscopic  anatomy,  VIII.  744. 
History ,  a  form  of  drama,  VI.  246,  1  c. 

Histria :  see  I  stria. 

Hit,  town  of  Turkey,  VIII.  745.  Fountains 
of,  II.  672,  1  c. 

Hitchcock,  county,  VIII.  745. 

Hitchcock,  Edward,  American  geologist,  VIII. 

745.  Investigations  of  fossil  footprints,  746, 
2  a;  VII.  341,  2  ab;  IX.  314,  2  a.  Charles 
H.,  his  son,  VIII.  746,  2  a. 

Hitchcock,  Ethan  Allen,  author,  VIII.  746. 
Hitchcock,  Roswell  Dwight,  clergyman,  VIII. 

746. 

Hitotsubashi  [he-to-tsoo-ba'-she],  shogun  of 
Japan,  IX.  546,  1  be. 

Hittorff,  Jacques  Ignace,  French  architect, 
VIII.  747. 

Hittites :  see  Egypt,  VI.  460,  2  b ;  462,  1  b,  2  a. 
Hitzig,  Ferdinand,  Biblical  critic,  VIII.  747. 
(Died  1875.) 

Hive ,  glass ,  invention  of,  II.  452,  1  a. 


Hives ,  the ,  disease,  V.  517,  1  c. 

WLassa :  see  Lassa. 

Hoadley,  Benjamin,  English  prelate,  VIII. 

747.  Benjamin,  physician,  2  b.  John,  cler¬ 
gyman  and  poet,  2  c. 

Hoang-hai  [hwang-hT] :  see  Yellow  Sea. 
Hoang-ho,  river:  see  China,  IV.  442,  2  ab. 
Hoar,  Ebenezer  Rockwood,  American  jurist, 
VIII.  747.  Samuel,  2  c. 

IIoare,  Sir  Richard  Colt,  English  topographer 
and  antiquary,  VIII.  748. 

IIoare,  William,  painter,  VIII.  748.  Prince, 
artist  and  author,  1  c. 

Hoazin  [wa-seen'l,  bird,  XIII.  596,  1  a. 
Ho'bart,  John  Henry,  American  bishop,  VIII. 

748. 

Hobart  Free  college ,  VII.  668,  2  b. 

Hobarton:  see  Hobart  Town. 

Hobart  Pasha ,  admiral  in  the  Turkish  navy, 
referred  to,  XVI.  60,  2  a. 

Hobart  Town,  capital  of  Tasmania,  VIII.  748. 
IIob'bema,  Minderhout,  Dutch  painter,  VIII. 

749. 

Hobbes,  Thomas,  English  philosopher,  VIII. 
749.  On  international  law,  X.  223,  1  b.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  807,  1  b,  811,  2  ab; 
Philosophy,  XIII.  430,  1  a,  432,  1  b,  440,  2  b. 
Hobbima :  see  Hobbema. 

Hobble-bush ,  plant,  XVI.  339,  1  a. 

Hobbs's  “ protector  ”  (lock),  X.  563,  2  a  (ill.). 
Hobby,  bird,  VIII.  750  (ill.). 

Hobgoblins :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  b. 
Hobhoiise,  John  Cam,  Lord  Broughton,  English 
author,  VIII.  750. 

HoblcirFs  Hill,  battle  of,  alluded  to,  III.  647, 
2  c ;  VIII.  229,  2  c. 

Hobnailed  liver,  disease,  VI.  266,  1  b. 
Ho'boken,  city  of  Xew  Jersey,  VIII.  750. 
Hocco,  bird,  V.  580,  2  c. 

Hoch,  or  Hock  [hokh,  hok] :  see  ^Epinus. 
Hoche,  Lazare  [ush],  French  soldier,  VIII.  751. 
IIochelaga  [ho-sha-lV-ga],  county  of  Canada, 
VIII.  751. 

Hochelaga,  Indian  name  of  Montreal,  IV.  41, 1  a. 
Hochelagas,  tribe  of  Indians,  IX.  79,  1  be. 
Hochheim  [hokh'-hime] :  see  Germany,  Wines 
of,  VII.  773,  1  c. 

IIociikirch  [hokh'-keerch],  village  of  Saxony, 
VIII.  752.  Battle  of,  ib. 

Hochst,  town  of  Prussia,  VIII.  752.  Battle 
of,  ib. 

Hochstadt  [hokh'-stet],  town  of  Bavaria,  VIII 
752.  Battle  of :  see  Blenheim. 

Hock  :  see  Germany,  Wines  of,  VII.  773,  1  c. 


HOCKING 


HOLINGSHED 


391 


Hocking,  county,  VIII.  752. 

Hocking,  or  Hockhocking,  river,  VIII.  752. 

Hodeida  [ho-da'-da],  seaport,  Arabia,  VIII.  752. 

Hodesh  haabib  [ha'-bib] :  see  Abib. 

Hodge,  Charles,  American  theologian,  VIII. 
752  (died  1878).  Archibald  Alexander,  cler¬ 
gyman,  2  c. 

Hodgeman,  county,  VIII.  753. 

IIodges,  William,  English  painter,  VIII.  753. 

Hodgkinson,  Eaton,  English  physicist,  VIII. 
753.  Investigations  of  the  properties  of 
iron,  lb;  II.  413,  2  be. 

Hodgson,  John  E.,  English  painter,  VIII.  753. 

Hod-Mezo-  Vasdrhely :  see  Vasarhely. 

Hodur ,  Hodr ,  in  Norse  mythology,  II.  237, 
2  b ;  XII.  120,  1  a. 

Hoeks  [hooks],  Dutch  party,  VIII.  765,  1  c. 

IIoeven,  Jan  van  der  [lioo'-ven],  Dutch  natu¬ 
ralist,  VIII.  753. 

Hof  [hofe],  town  of  Bavaria,  VIII.  753. 

Hofer,  Andreas,  Tyrolese  patriot,  VIII.  753. 

Hoffman,  Charles  Fenno  [huf'-man],  American 
author,  VIII.  754. 

Hoffman,  David,  lawyer,  VIII.  754. 

Hoffman,  Hurray,  jurist,  VIII.  754.  (D.  1878.) 

Hoffmann,  Daniel  [hu.f'-man],  German  clergy¬ 
man,  VIII.  754. 

Hoffmann,  Ernst  Theodor  Wilhelm  (Amadeus), 
author,  VIII.  755. 

Hoffmann ,  Franz ,  mystic,  II.  177,  2  c. 

Hoffmann,  Friedrich,  physician,  VIII.  755. 

Hoffmann's  annular  brick  furnace ,  III.  267, 
2  a  (ill.). 

IIoffmannsegg,  Johann  Centurius,  count,  bot¬ 
anist,  VIII.  755. 

Hoffmann  von  Fallersleben,  August  Hein¬ 
rich  [fon  fal'-lerce-la-ben],  poet,  VIII.  755. 

Hofhuf  [hofe'-hoof],  city  of  Arabia,  VIII.  756. 

IIofland,  Barbara,  English  authoress,  VIII.  756. 

Hofler,  Karl  Adolph  Konstantin,  German  his¬ 
torian,  VIII.  756. 

Hofmann,  August  Wilhelm  [hofe'-man],  chem¬ 
ist,  VIII.  756.  Investigations  and  discover¬ 
ies  in  chemistry,  2  ab ;  IV.  369,  2  a. 

Hofwyl  [hofe'-vil] :  see  Fellenberg. 

Hog,  VIII.  756.  Chinese,  757,  2  a  (ill.) ;  ori¬ 
ginal  old  English  (ill.) ;  Neapolitan,  2  b ; 
improved  Berkshire,  ib.  (ill.);  improved  Es¬ 
sex,  2  c  (ill.,  758).  Other  breeds,  758,  1  b. 
Fossil  hogs,  2  a.  See  Boar.  Mexican  hog 
(collared  peccary),  XIII.  221,  2  a. 

Hogan,  John,  Irish  sculptor,  VIII.  758. 

Ho'garth,  George,  English  writer  on  music, 
VIII.  759. 


Hogarth,  William,  painter,  VIII.  759.  His 
“Analysis  of  Beauty,”  2  be.  Madhouse 
picture :  see  Bedlam,  II.  450,  1  a. 

IIogg,  James,  Scottish  poet,  VIII.  760. 

Hogging ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  861,  1  be. 

Hog-steer :  see  Boar,  II.  764,  2  a. 

Hogshead,  measure  of  capacity,  VIII.  760. 
Hogue,  La  [la  oag] :  see  Cape  la  Hague. 
IIoiienlinden  [ho'-en-lin-den],  village  of  Ba¬ 
varia,  VIII.  760.  Battle  of,  2  c. 

IIoHENLonE  [ho'-en-lo-Sh],  German  princely 
family,  VIII.  761.  Friedrich  Ludwig,  gen¬ 
eral,  1  c.  Alexander  Leopold  Franz  Em¬ 
merich,  priest,  2  a ;  miraculous  cures  at¬ 
tributed  to  him,  2  ab.  Chlodwig  Karl  Vic¬ 
tor,  statesman,  2  b. 

IIohenstaufen  [ho'-en-stow-fen],  German 
family  of  princes,  VIII.  761.  Hohenstaufen 
dynasty  in  Germany,  VII.  753,  1  b.  Origin 
of  the  enmity  between  the  Hohenstaufens 
and  the  papal  see,  I.  131,  2  c. 

Hohenzollern  [ho'-en-tsul-lern],  territory  of 
Germany,  VIII.  762. 

Hohenzollern,  German  princely  family,  VIII. 

762.  Castle,  2  ab  (ill.).  Frankish  branch, 
2  c.  Swabian,  ib.  Prince  Charles  Anthony, 

763,  1  b.  Prince  Leopold,  ib. ;  proposed  as 
a  candidate  for  the  Spanish  throne,  1  be; 
French  protest  against  it,  ib .,  and  II.  517,  2  c. 
Charles,  VIII.  763,  1  c  (see  Charles  I.,  of 
Roumania).  Anthony,  ib.  Frederick,  ib. 

Hokandikah ,  Indians,  XV.  6,  2  b. 

Holbach,  Paul  Henri  Thyry  (or  Dietrich)  d’ 
[dole-bilk],  baron,  French  philosopher,  VIII. 

763.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XL  812,  2  b. 
Referred  to,  XIII.  441,  2  ab. 

Holbein,  Hans,  or  Johann  [hole'-bine],  Ger¬ 
man  painter,  VIII.  764.  His  “Dance  of 
Death,”  V.  663,  2  b. 

IIolberg,  Ludvig,  baron  [hole'-bairg],  Danish 
dramatist,  VIII.  764;  VI.  18,  1  a. 

Holborn  viaduct ,  London,  X.  594,  1  ab. 
Holbrook,  John  Edwards,  American  naturalist, 
VIII.  764.  Classification  of  reptiles,  695, 1  b. 
Holcke  [hole'-keh],  confidant  of  Christian  VII. 

of  Denmark,  IV.  528,  2  ab. 

Holcon'otus  (ichthyology),  VII.  239,  2  c. 
IIolcroft,  Thomas,  English  dramatist,  VIII. 

764. 

Holda,  in  Northern  mythology,  XII.  120,  2  a. 
“ Holding  the  breath ,”  in  children,  V.  518,  2  be. 
Holger  Danske  [hole'-gher  dan'-skeh],  legend 
of,  VI.  554,  1  c. 

Holingshed:  see  Holinshed. 


392 


HOLINSHED 


HOLY 


Holinshed,  Raphael  [hol'-inz-hed],  English 
chronicler,  VIII.  765. 

Holland,  division  of  the  Netherlands,  VIII. 

765.  North,  province,  1  c.  South,  2  b. 
Holland,  Sir  Henry,  physician,  VIII.  765. 
Holland,  Henry  Richard  Vassall,  baron,  states¬ 
man,  VIII.  766. 

Holland,  Josiah  Gilbert,  American  author, 
VIII.  766. 

Holland,  Sir  Nathaniel  Dance,  artist,  VIII.  767. 
Holland,  Philemon,  scholar,  VIII.  767. 
Hollander ,  engine,  in  paper  making,  XIII.  46, 

1  b  (ills.). 

Holland  house ,  VIII.  766,  2  a;  VII.  361,  1  be. 
Holland  land  company ,  allusion  to,  III.  416, 1  c. 
Hollands ,  gin,  VII.  813,  2  c;  XIV.  671,  1  c. 
Hollands ,  linen,  VIII.  362,  2  a.  Origin  of  the 
name,  II.  703,  2  a. 

Hollar,  Wenzel,  Bohemian  engraver,  VIII.  767. 
Holle  [hol'-leh],  defile,  Black  Forest,  II.  679, 1  a. 
Holle  [hul'-leh],  in  Norse  mythology,  XII. 
120,  2  a. 

Hol'lidaysburg,  Pennsylvania,  VIII.  767. 
Hollins,  George  N.,  American  naval  officer, 
VIII.  767.  (Died  1878.) 

Hollis,  Thomas,  benefactor  of  Harvard  col¬ 
lege,  VIII.  767.  Two  others,  768,  1  a. 
Holloway,  Thomas,  engraver,  VIII.  768. 
Holly,  tree,  VIII.  768.  American,  1  b  (ill.). 
European,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  varieties,  2  c.  Dahoon 
holly,  769,  1  be. 

Hollyhock,  plant,  VIII.  769  (ill.). 

Hollynshed :  see  Holinshed. 

Holly  oak ,  XII.  557,  2  c. 

Holly  Springs ,  county  seat,  XI.  198,  2  a.  De¬ 
struction  of  army  stores  at,  VIII.  158,  1  c. 
Holm  [holm],  kind  of  oak,  XII.  557,  2  c. 
Holman,  James,  blind  traveller,  VIII.  770. 
Holmboe,  Christopher  Andreas  [holm'-bo-Sh], 
Norwegian  philologist,  VIII.  770. 

Holmes  [homes],  three  counties,  VIII.  770. 
Holmes,  Abiel,  American  clergyman,  VIII.  770. 

His  “  Annals,”  XVI.  191,  1  b. 

Holmes,  George  Frederick,  educator,  VIII.  771. 
Holmes,  John,  Canadian  author,  VIII.  771. 
Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  American  author, 
VIII.  771 ;  XVI.  198,  2  b,  197, 1  ab,  200,  2  a. 
Holmesdale ,  Viscount ,  I.  424,  2  c. 

Holmesville ,  county  seats,  I.  602, 1  c;  XIII.  511, 

2  a. 

Holofer'nbs ,  Assyrian  general,  IX.  702,  1  c. 
Iloloph'otal  reflectors:  see  Optics,  XII.  657, 1  c. 
Holoptychius  [hol-op-tik'-e-us],  (fossil  ichthy¬ 
ology),  VII.  616,  2  c.  H.  Hibberti,  ib. 


Holothu’ria  (echinodermata),  XIV.  727,  2  a. 

H.  lutea  (ill.),  ib.  Other  species,  728,  1  c,  ff. 
Holotiiurians  :  see  Sea  Cucumber. 

Ilolsatia:  see  Holstein. 

Holst,  Hans  Peder;  Danish  poet,  VIII.  772. 
Holstein  [hole'-stine],  former  duchy,  VIII. 

772.  See  Schleswig-Holstein. 

Holstein ,  duke  c/(Gustavus  IV.),  VIII.  341,  1  a. 
Holstein-  Gluckstadt ,  family  of :  see  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  XIV.  676,  2  c.  Holstein-Gottorp, 
ib.  Holstein-Sonderburg,  ib .,  and  II.  111,2  a. 
Holston,  river  of  Tennessee,  VIII.  772. 

Holt,  two  counties,  VIII.  773. 

Holt,  Sir  John,  English  jurist,  VIII.  773. 
Holt,  Joseph,  American  statesman,  VIII.  773. 
Holton ,  county  seat,  IX.  484,  2  b. 

Hol'ty,  Ludwig  Heinrich  Christoph,  German 
poet,  VIII.  773. 

Holtz's  electrical  machine ,  VI.  505,  2  c  (ills., 
506). 

IIoltzendorff,  Franz  von  [fon  holts'-en-dorf], 
German  jurisconsult,  VIII.  773. 

Holwell ,  Mr. :  see  Black  Hole. 

Holy  Alliance,  VIII.  773 ;  IX.  46,  2  c.  Pol¬ 
icy  of,  VII.  420,  2  a.  Referred  to,  I.  224, 
2  a,  283,  la;  II.  145,  2  b  and  c  (Austria). 
Holy  communion :  see  Lord’s  Supper,  X.  638, 1  a. 
Holy  Friday ,  VIII.  101,  1  a. 

Holy  Ghost :  see  Trinity. 

Hol'yhead,  town  of  Wales,  VIII.  774.  New 
harbor  of  refuge,  2  a  (ilk). 

Holy  hill ,  the :  see  Zion,  XVI.  828,  2  a. 

Holy  of  holies ,  XV.  550,  2  c. 

Holy  league ,  the ,  against  Louis  XII.,  VII.  382, 

1  a;  X.  655,  1  b;  IX.  712,  2  a.  Catholic 
union  in  France,  VII.  382,  2  be ;  VIII.  315, 

2  c.  War  of  the,  in  Spain,  I.  132,  1  a. 

Holy  maid  of  Kent,  II.  352,  2  b. 

IIolyoake,  George  Jacob  [hole'-yoke],  English 

reformer,  VIII.  774. 

Holy  office :  see  Inquisition. 

Holyoke,  city  of  Massachusetts,  VIII.  775. 
Holyoke,  EdAvard  Augustus,  American  cente¬ 
narian,  VIII.  775. 

Holy  orders  :  see  Orders  (Index). 

Holyrood  abbey ,  ruins  of,  VI.  406,  1  b. 
Holyrood  Palace  :  see  Edinburgh,  VI.  405, 
1  b,  406,  1  b. 

Holy  Saturday ,  VI.  374,  2  a ;  VIII.  776,  2  be. 
Holy  Sepulchre ,  church  of  the,  IX.  615,  2  c 
(ill.,  616).  Locality  of  the,  ib. ;  described, 
617,  1  a. 

Holy  Spirit :  see  Trinity. 

Holy  Spirit  Plant,  VIII.  775  (ill.). 


HOLY 


HOXT 


393 


Holy  Thursday ,  I.  804,  1  b. 

Holy  Week,  VIII.  770. 

Hol'ywell,  borough  of  Wales,  VIII.  776. 
Holy  Writings:  see  IIagiographa. 

Homage:  see  Feudal  System,  VII.  161,  2  a. 
Homalop'tera  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  c. 
Homa'rus  (zoology),  X.  560,  2  b.  H.  Amcri- 
canus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Homburg  [home'-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  VIII. 

777.  Province :  see  Hesse-Homburg. 
Home,  Daniel  Dunglas,  spiritualist,  VIII.  777. 
Home,  Sir  Everard,  surgeon,  VIII.  777.  See 
Hunter,  John,  IX.  72,  1  c. 

Home,  Henry,  Lord  Kames :  see  Ivames. 

Home,  John,  Scottish  author,  VIII.  777. 
Homer,  Greek  poet,  VIII.  778,  The  Iliad, 
2  c.  The  Odyssey,  779,  1  b.  Theories  re¬ 
specting  the  contents  of  the  poems,  1  c ; 
respecting  their  origin,  2  c;  text  of,  780, 
2  a;  works  on,  781,  1  c ;  editions  of,  2  b. 
Homer ,  county  seats,  I.  493,  2  c;  II.  285,  2  b  ; 
IV.  627,  2  c. 

Homerites:  see  Himyarites,  VIII.  735,  1  ab. 
Homeromas'tix :  see  Zoilus. 

Home  rule  league ,  in  Ireland,  IX.  361,  1  a. 
Homestead, VIII.  781 ;  II.  542,  2  be  ;  V.  194,  2  c. 
Homicide,  VIII.  782.  Justifiable  and  excu¬ 
sable  homicide,  1  b. 

Hominy  :  see  Maize,  XI.  43,  2  c. 

Hommaire  de  Hell,  Ignace  Xavier  Morand 
[um-mair  dull  61],  traveller,  VIII.  783. 
TIomoceroal  :  see  IIeterocercal. 
Homceop'atiiy,  system  of  medicine,  VIII.  783. 
Origin  of,  379,  1  ab.  Referred  to,  I.  334, 
2  a  (Allopathy). 

“ Homogeneous  metal”  IX.  368,  2  c. 

Homogen' esis :  see  Bacterium,  II.  208,  1  b. 
Homog'raphy ,  principle  of,  in  geometry,  VII. 
702,  1  c. 

Homoiousians ,  Semi-Arians,  I.  700,  2  a;  VIII. 
786,  2  a. 

Homoousians  [ho-mo-oo'-ze-ans],  orthodox 
Christians,  VIII.  786. 

TIomop'tera  :  see  Hemiptera,  VIII.  629,  1  c. 
Hompesch,  Ferdinand  von,  last  grand  master 
of  the  order  of  St.  John,  VIII.  786. 

Homs,  city  of  Syria,  VIII.  786. 

Hon' do  [Sp.  oan'-do],  rivers,  VI.  305,  1  a ; 
VIII.  792,  1  b. 

Honduras  [hon-doo'-ras],  republic  of  Central 
America,  VIII.  787  (map).  Coasts,  1  a. 
Surface,  788,  1  a.  Rivers,  2  a.  Mines,  789, 

1  b.  Climate,  2  a.  Soil  and  productions, 

2  b.  Fauna,  2  c.  Agriculture,  790,  1  b. 


Manufactures  and  commerce,  1  c.  Internal 
communication,  2  a.  Population,  2  b.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  2  c.  Education,  791,  1  b.  His¬ 
tory,  1  c. 

Honduras,  Bay  of,  VIII.  791. 

Honduras,  British,  VIII.  791.  1 

Hone,  William,  English  author,  VIII.  793. 
IIonesdale,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  VIII.  793. 
“ Honest  criminal ,  the:  ”  see  Fabre,  Jean. 
Honey,  VIII.  793.  Adulteration  of,  794,  1  b. 
Honey  of  Hybla,  II.  164,  1  ab,  IX.  102,  2  b ; 
of  llymettus,  134,  2  a. 

Honey  Ant,  VIII.  794. 

Honey  bear ,  XIII.  793,  1  a. 

Honey  Bee  :  see  Bee. 

“ Honey  of  canes :  ”  see  Sugar,  XV.  444,  1  c. 
Honeycomb  bag ,  in  ruminants,  XIV.  467,  2  c. 
Honey  Dew,  VIII.  794;  II.  454,  1  c.  Of  the 
aphis,  I.  583,  2  a. 

Honey  Guide,  bird,  VIII.  794  (ill.,  795). 
Honey  Locust,  tree,  VIII.  795  (ill.). 
Honeysuckle,  shrub,  VIII.  795.  Trumpet 
honeysuckle,  796,  1  a  (ill.).  Other  kinds, 

1  b.  Fly,  upright,  or  bush  honeysuckles, 

2  b;  II.  173,  1  a;  XVI.  536,  2  c. 

Honfleur  [onE-fluhr],  town  of  France,  VIII.  796. 
Hong,  Chinese  for  foreign  factory,  VIII.  797. 

Hong  merchants,  1  b. 

Hong  Kong,  British  colony  in  China,  VIII. 

797  (view,  798).  City  of  Victoria,  2  b. 

Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense  [o-ne  swa  ke  mal  e 
pangs],  motto,  VII.  631,  2  be. 

IIoniton  [hun'-e-tun],  town  of  England,  VIII. 

798.  Honiton  lace,  799,  la;  X.  79,  1  c. 
Honolulu  [-loo'-loo],  capital  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  VIII.  799.  Parliament  house  (ill.). 
Honorable  ordinaries,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672, 1  b. 
Honoratus ,  Saint  (archbishop  of  Arles  about 
426-’9),  founder  of  the  abbey  of  Lerins 
(about  410),  X.  364,  1  a. 

“  Honored ,”  on  a  bill  of  exchange  or  draft,  I. 
57,  1  a. 

Honokius,  name  of  four  popes  and  one  anti¬ 
pope.  I.,  VIII.  799,  2  c.  His  connection 
with  the  Monothelite  heresy,  800,  1  a.  (II.), 
Pietro  Cadalao,  antipope,  2  a.  II.,  Lamberto 
di  Fagnano,  ib.  III.,  Cencio  Savelli,  801, 
1  a.  IV.,  Giacomo  Savelli,  1  b. 

Honoeius,  Flavius,  Roman  emperor,  VIII.  801. 
See  Attalus,  II.  92,  2  c ;  Western  Empire, 
XVI.  563,  1  c,  ff. 

Honor  point,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a.  (See 
plate.) 

Hont,  county  of  Hungary,  VIII.  801. 


394 


HONTHEIM 


HOPPIN 


Hontheim,  Johann  Nicolaus  von  [hont'-hime], 
German  jurisconsult,  VIII.  801. 

Hood,  county,  VIII.  801. 

Hood,  John  B.,  American  soldier,  VIII.  802. 
Hood,  Robin,  English  outlaw,  VIII.  802. 
Hood,  Samuel,  viscount,  admiral,  VIII.  802. 
Alexander,  Viscount  Bridport,  rear  admiral, 

803.  1  ab. 

Hood,  Thomas,  English  poet,  VIII.  803. 
Hooft,  Pieter  Corneliszoon  [hoaft],  Dutch  his¬ 
torian  and  poet,  VIII.  803. 

Hoogly,  river,  Bengal, VIII.  804 ;  VII.  609,  2  b. 
Hoogly,  district,  VIII.  804.  Town,  1  c. 
Hoogstraaten ,  Jacob  [hoag'-stra-ten],  obscuran¬ 
tist,  VI.  693,  1  ab. 

Hook,  Theodore  Edward,  English  author,  VIII. 

804. 

Hook,  Walter  Farquhar,  clergyman,  VIII.  805. 
Hoolcah,  pipe,  XIII.  535,  2  c. 

Hooke,  Nathaniel,  British  historian,  VIII.  805. 
Hooke,  Robert,  English  mathematician,  VIII. 

805.  His  recoil  escapement,  IV.  698,  1  h 
(ill.).  On  the  nature  of  fossils,  VII.  688, 1  h. 
His  theory  of  light,  X.  435,  2  c ;  XII.  347, 
1  ab.  “Discourse  on  Earthquakes,”  VII. 
688,  1  b.  Claim  to  the  discovery  of  the  law 
of  gravitation,  XII.  348,  1  ab ;  to  the  inven¬ 
tion  of  the  spiral  spring  applied  to  the  bal¬ 
ance  wheel  of  watches,  IX.  98,  1  ah. 

Hooker,  Joseph,  American  soldier,  VIII.  805. 
See  Antietam,  Chancellorsville,  Chatta¬ 
nooga,  Ciiickahominy,  Fredericksburg,  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  and  Gettysburg. 

Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton,  English  botanist,  VIII. 

806.  On  the  “  survival  of  the  fittest,”  VII. 
14,  1  ab. 

Hooker,  Richard,  divine  and  author,  VIII.  806. 
Hooker ,  Robert ,  chemist,  III.  173,  2  be. 
Hooker,  Thomas,  one  of  the  founders  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  VIII.  806. 

Hooker,  Sir  William  Jackson,  English  bota¬ 
nist,  VIII.  807. 

Hooker,  Worthington,  American  physician, 
VIII.  807. 

Hoole,  John,  English  translator,  VIII.  807. 
Hoolock ,  a  variety  of  ape,  VII.  796,  2  a. 

Hoop ,  in  dress,  VII.  92,  2  c  (Farthingale). 
Hoop  ash ,  tree,  VIII.  365,  2  b. 

Hooper,  John,  English  prelate,  VIII.  807  ;  VI. 
139,  1  c. 

Hooper,  William,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  VIII.  808. 

Hooping  Cough  :  see  Whooping  Cough. 
Hoopoe,  bird,  VIII.  808  (ill.) ;  VI.  455,  2  c. 


Hoorn  [hoarn],  town,  Netherlands,  VIII.  808. 

Hoorne  [hoar'-neh] :  see  Horn,  Philip. 

Hoosac  mountains ,  XI.  247,  1  a,  2  ab. 

Hoosao  Tunnel:  see  Tunnel,  XVI.  35,  1  c. 
Western  terminus,  I.  82,  2  a. 

Hop,  plant,  VIII.  808  (ill.,  809).  Cultivation, 
809,  2  a.  Lupuline,  810,  1  ab  (ilk).  Medi¬ 
cal  use,  1  c.  Production,  2  ab. 

Hop  back ,  of  a  brewery,  III.  260,  2  a. 

Hope ,  James  Robert  (Hope-Scott),  son-in-law 
of  Lockhart,  X.  569,  1  b. 

Hope,  Thomas,  English  author,  VIII.  810. 
Henry  Thomas,  politician,  811,  1  a.  Alex¬ 
ander  James  Beresford  Beresford-Hope, 
statesman  and  author,  ib. 

Hope,  Thomas  Charles,  Scottish  chemist,  VIII. 
811. 

Hope  and  Company,  bankers,  VIII.  811.  Hope 
certificates,  2  a. 

Hope  college ,  Michigan,  XI.  504,  1  c  (table) ; 
XIV.  258,  1  c. 

Hope-Scott ,  X.  569,  1  b. 

Hopewell ,  county  seat,  I.  250,  2  c. 

Hop  hornbeam:  see  Hornbeam,  VIII.  819,  2  c. 

Hophra ,  of  the  Bible,  I.  606,  1  c. 

Hopkins,  two  counties,  VIII.  811. 

Hopkins,  Edward,  governor  of  Connecticut 
colony,  VIII.  811. 

Hopkins,  Esek,  naval  officer,  VIII.  812. 

Hopkins ,  Hr.  G.  S.,  on  the  causes  of  disease  in 
Anderson ville  prison,  I.  474,  2  c. 

Hopkins ,  John:  see  Sternhold,  XV.  378,  2  b. 

Hopkins,  John  Henry,  bishop,  VIII.  812. 

Hopkins ,  Johns :  see  Baltimore,  II.  255,  1  ab. 

Hopkins,  Lemuel,  poet,  VIII.  812. 

Hopkins,  Mark,  scholar,  president  of  Williams 
college,  VIII.  812;  XI.  815,  2  c. 

Hopkins,  Samuel,  theologian,  VIII.  813  ;  XI. 
815,  2  b.  Referred  to,  XIII.  447,  1  b ;  XVI. 
191,  1  c. 

Hopkins,  Stephen,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  VIII.  813.  Account  of 
him  by  John  Adams,  2  be. 

TIopkinson,  Francis,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  VIII.  814.  Joseph,  jurist, 
author  of  “  Hail  Columbia,”  1  b. 

Hopkinsville,  city  of  Kentucky,  VIII.  814. 

Hopli'tce ,  Greek  heavy  infantry,  I.  738,  2  b. 

Hop  oast ,  kiln,  VIII.  809,  2  b. 

Hopper ,  in  a  pianoforte,  XIII.  491,  1  a. 

Hoppe-Seyler  [hup'-peh-zi-ler],  on  albumen, 
I.  256,  1  b. 

Hoppin,  Augustus,  American  artist,  VIII.  814 
Thomas  F.,  designer,  2  b. 


HOP 


HORSE-SIIOE 


395 


Hop  Tree,  VIII.  814  (ill.,  815). 

Hop  yard ,  horizontal,  VIII.  809,  2  c. 

IIor,  in  Biblical  geography,  VIII.  815. 

Horace  (Quintus  Horatius  Elaccus),  Roman 
poet,  VIII.  815 ;  X.  195,  2  a.  Referred  to, 
XIV.  746,  2  c. 

IIor.e,  in  mythology,  VIII.  816. 

Horafo'ras,  I.  384,  1  b.  See  Haraforas. 

IIo' vary  circles :  see  Hour  Circles. 

Horatii  [ho-ra'-she-i],  (three  Roman  brothers, 
who  slew  three  Alban  brothers,  Curiatii, 
champions  of  their  respective  armies ;  one 
of  the  former  alone  surviving,  who  killed  his 
sister  for  lamenting  her  lover  slain  by  him) : 
see  Alba  Longa. 

Horatius  Codes :  see  Cocles. 

Horchen  [hor'-khen] :  see  Horgen. 

Hordeince  [hor-de-i'-ne],  (botany),  structure  of, 
XVI.  585,  2  c. 

Hor'deum  (botany),  II.  315,  2  b.  H.  vulgare 
and  H.  hexasticlium,  316,  1  a  (ill.,  315).  H. 
distichum,  ib.  (ill.).  See  III.  257,  1  he. 

Horeb  :  see  Sinai. 

Horeiiound,  plant,  VIII.  816  (ill.). 

Horgen  [hor'-ghen],  Switzerland,  VIII.  816. 

Hor'icon  (Lake  George),  VII.  713,  1  b. 

IIo'rites,  inhabitants  of  Mt.  Seir,  VIII.  816. 

Hori'zon,  VIII.  816.  Artificial  horizon,  2  c. 
Horizon  of  a  picture,  VI.  251,  1  a. 

Horizon  glass ,  fore,  XIV.  122,  1  c ;  back,  2  a. 

Hormayr,  Joseph,  baron  [hor'-mire],  Tyrolese 
patriot  and  historian,  VIII.  817. 

Hormuz :  see  Ormuz. 

Horn,  of  animals,  VIII.  817.  Determination 
of  age  by  the  growth  of,  I.  183,  1  c. 

Horn,  musical  instrument,  VIII.  818.  Russian 
horn,  1  c ;  improvements  in  :  see  Maresch. 

Horn,  Cape :  see  Cape  Horn. 

Horn,  Gustaf,  count,  Swedish  general,  VIII. 
818. 

Horn,  Philip  II.  de  Montmorency  -  Nivelle, 
count,  Flemish  statesman,  VIII.  818. 

Horn ,  IF.  0.  von ,  pseudonyme  :  see  Oertel. 

Horn  of  Amalthcea :  see  Cornucopia. 

Hornbeam,  tree,  VIII.  819  (ill.).  Hop  horn¬ 
beam,  2  c  (ill.). 

Horn  beetle,  XV.  302,  2  a. 

Hornbill,  bird,  VIII.  820  (ills.). 

Hornblende,  mineral  species,  VIII.  821. 

Horn  bug ,  XV.  302,  2  c. 

Horne,  George,  English  bishop,  VIII.  821. 

Horne,  John:  see  Tooke,  John  Horne. 

IIorne,  Richard  Hengist,  author,  VIII.  821. 

Horne^  Thomas  Hartwell,  author,  VIII.  821. 


Horned  animals ,  mode  of  determining  the  ago 
of,  I.  183,  1  c. 

Horned  Frog,  VIII.  822  (ills.). 

Horned  helmet,  cameo  shell,  III.  652,  2  a.  See 
Helmet  Shell. 

Horned  pheasant,  XV.  838,  1  c  (ill.). 

Horned  Pout  :  see  Catfish,  IV.  109,  2  a  (ill.). 
Horned  toad :  see  Horned  Frog. 
Hornellsville,  town  of  New  York,  VIII.  822. 
IIornemann,  Friedrich  Konrad  [hor'-neh-man], 
German  traveller,  VIII.  822. 

Horner,  Francis,  British  statesman,  VIII.  823. 
Leonard,  1  b. 

Hornet,  insect,  VIII.  823  (ill.). 

Hornet,  American  man-of-war,  X.  234,  1  b. 

Action  with  the  Peacock,  1  be. 

Hornitos  [ore-ne'-toce],  volcanic  mounds  in 
Mexico,  IX.  686,  2  ab. 

Hornpipe,  wind  instrument,  VIII.  824.  Name 
of  a  tune  and  a  dance,  1  ab. 

Hornpipe,  tree,  II.  679,  1  c. 

Horn  of  plenty :  see  Cornucopia,  and  I.  376, 

1  c. 

Horn  silver,  IV.  501,  2  a. 

Horoscope:  see  Astrology,  II.  43,  1  b. 
IIorrox,  or  Ilorrocks,  Jeremiah,  English  as¬ 
tronomer,  VIII.  824. 

Horry,  county,  VIII.  824. 

Horsa  :  see  Hengist,  and  VI.  606,  2  c,  607,  1  a. 
Horschelt,  Theodor [hor'-shelt],  German  paint¬ 
er,  VIII.  824. 

Horse,  VIII.  824.  Anatomy,  2  c.  Character¬ 
istics,  826,  2  b.  Wild  horses,  827,  1  c  (ills.). 
Arabian  horse,  2  c  (ill.).  English  race  horse, 
828,  1  b  (ill.).  Fossil  horses,  1  c :  see  Hip- 
parion.  Age  of  the  horse,  I.  182,  2  ab*, 
how  determined,  183, 1  a.  See  Barb,  Turf, 
and  Veterinary  Science. 

Horsebacks,  in  coal  mines,  V.  67,  1  a. 

Horse  Chestnut,  tree,  VIII.  828  (ills.). 

Horse  Fly  :  see  Diptera,  VI.  129,  2  a. 

Horse  leech,  X.  311,  1  b. 

Horse  Mackerel:  see  Tunny,  XVI.  40,  1  a; 
Bluefish,  II.  757,  2  c. 

Horsemanship,  new  principles  of,  II.  394,  2  a-b. 
Horsemonger  lane  jail,  London,  X.  611,  2  c. 
Horse  nettle,  XV.  155,  1  a. 

Horsens,  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  VIII.  830. 
Horse  Power,  in  machinery,  VIII.  830. 

Horse  racing :  see  Turf. 

Horse  Radish,  plant,  VIII.  830  (ill.,  831). 
Horse  Shoe,  VIII.  831.  Burden’s  machines 
for  making,  2  ab. 

Horse-shoe  bend ,  Pennsylvania,  I.  363,  2  a. 


396 


HORSE-SHOE 


HOUSSA 


Horse-shoe  crab:  see  King  Crab,  and  V.  533, 
2  be. 

Horseshoe  iron ,  superstition  respecting,  VII. 
356,  1  c. 

Horsetail,  plant,  VIII.  831  (ill.,  832). 

Horse  weed ,  VII.  266,  1  ab. 

Horse  whim ,  machine,  VIII.  830,  2  a. 
IIorsfield,  Thomas,  English  traveller  and  nat¬ 
uralist,  VIII.  832. 

Horsley,  John  Callcott,  painter,  VIII.  832. 
Horsley,  Samuel,  prelate  and  scholar,  VIII.  832. 
Horta  [or'-ta],  capital  of  Fayal,  VIII.  832. 
Horta'nes ,  phallic  divinity,  XIII.  380,  2  c. 
IIortense,  Queen  [or-tangs] :  see  Beauiiarnais, 
Hortense  Eugenie. 

Hortensia  (botany),  IX.  106,  2  c. 

Horten' sis  nive'a  (botany),  XVI.  537,  1  a. 
Hortensius,  Quintus,  Roman  orator,  IX.  5. 
Horticulture,  IX.  5. 

Hortulia  (zoology),  II.  762,  2  b  (ill.). 

Horuk  Barbarossa ,  I.  305,  2  a.  See  Barba- 
rossa. 

IIortus  Siccus  :  see  Herbarium. 

IIorus,  Egyptian  god,  IX.  6  ;  I.  586,  2  a. 
Horvath,  Mihaly  [hor'-vat],  Hungarian  histo¬ 
rian,  IX.  6. 

Hos'ack,  David,  American  physician,  IX.  6. 
Hosanna,  Hebrew  form  of  acclamation,  IX.  7. 
Hose ,  leathern,  invention  of,  VII.  210,  2  ab. 
Hose'a,  Hebrew  prophet,  IX.  7. 

Hosemann  [ho'-z&h-man] :  see  Osiander. 
Hosmer,  Harriet  G.,  American  sculptor,  IX.  7. 
Hospice  des  Quinze  Vingts  [us-peece  da  kangz 
vang],  asylum  for  the  blind,  II.  715,  1  b. 
Hospital,  IX.  7.  Military  field  hospitals,  2  be : 
see  Ambulance.  Origin  of  hospitals,  XI. 
348, 1  b. 

Hospitalarii  Sancti  Spiritus,  charitable  order, 
VII.  347,  1  be. 

Hospitallers  :  see  Saint  John  of  Jerusalem, 
Knights  of. 

Hospodar ,  Slavic  title  of  rulers,  V.  622,  2  c; 

VII.  79,  2  ab ;  XIV.  782,  2  a ;  XVI.  433,  1  b. 
Hossein  [hos-sain'],  son  of  the  caliph  Ali,  III. 

617,  1  a;  XIII.  319,  2  c  (Hussein). 
Hossmann  [huss'-man] :  see  Osiander. 

Host:  see  Lord’s  Supper,  X.  639,  2  be. 
Hot'bed,  in  gardening,  IX.  7. 

Hotel  des  Invalides  [o-tel  da  zang-v&-leed],  XIII. 
83,  2  b. 

Hotel-Bieu[- de-iih],  hospital,  Paris,  XIII.  85, 2  c. 
Hotel  de  mile  [diih  veel],  of  Paris,  XIII.  83, 1  c. 
Hotel  Rambouillet :  see  Rambouillet,  mar¬ 
chioness  de. 


Ho’tham ,  Sir  John ,  II.  600,  2  b. 

Hotho,  Heinrich  Gustav  [ho'-to],  German  au¬ 
thor,  IX.  8. 

Hot  Bock ,  volcano,  Celebes,  IV.  168,  1  c. 

Hot  short ,  in  iron  making,  IX.  371,  2  ab. 

Hot  springs ,  source  of,  I.  775,  1  c. 

Hot  Springs,  county,  IX.  8. 

Hot  Springs,  town  of  Arkansas,  IX.  8. 

Hot'spur :  see  Percy,  XIII.  285,  1  c. 

Hottentots,  African  race,  IX.  9.  Hottentot 
dialect,  1  c;  I.  171,  1  b.  Origin  of  the 
name,  III.  746,  1  a. 

Hottentots’  Bread  :  see  Tortoise  Plant. 

Hottentot’s  Jig,  plant,  XI.  414,  2  ab. 

Hottinger,  Johann  Heinrich  [liut'-ting-er], 
Swiss  philologist,  IX.  9. 

Houdetot,  Elisabeth  Fran$oise  Sophie  d’, 
countess  [doo-duh-to],  IX.  9. 

Houdin,  Robert  [oo-da“g],  conjurer,  IX.  10. 

Houdon,  Jean  Antoine  [-dong],  sculptor,  IX.  10. 

HouGnTON  [ho'-tun],  county,  IX.  10. 

Houghton,  county  seat,  IX.  10,  2  c. 

Hougiiton,  Richard  Monckton  Milnes,  lord, 
English  author,  IX.  10.  His  kindness  to 
David  Gray,  VIII.  179,  2  a. 

Houghton,  William,  clergyman  and  author, 
IX.  11. 

Hougoumont  [oo-goo-mong],  chateau  of :  see 
Waterloo,  XVI.  505,  2  a  and  c. 

Houlton  [hole'-tun],  county  seat,  I.  7 63,  1  b. 

Houma  [hoo'-ma],  county  seat,  XV.  662, 1  b. 

Hound,  IX.  11.  English  fox  hound,  2  c  (ill.). 
See  Beagle,  Bloodhound,  Dog,  Greyhound, 
and  Harrier. 

Hound,  fish :  see  Shark,  XIV.  828,  1  be. 

Hound  jish,  VI.  183,  2  c ;  smooth  hound,  ib. 

Hound’s  tongue,  plant,  XVI.  261,  2  c. 

Houns'low,  town  of  England,  IX.  12.  Houns¬ 
low  heath,  1  b. 

Hour,  IX.  12.  “Temporary  hours,”  1  c. 

Hour  Circles,  IX.  12. 

IIouris  [hoo'-riz],  of  the  Mohammedan  para¬ 
dise,  IX.  12. 

Hours,  in  mythology :  see  Hor.e. 

Hour  wheel,  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IV.  700, 1  be. 

IIous atonic  [hoo-sa-ton'-ik],  river,  IX.  12. 

House  of  congregation,  at  Oxford,  XII.  762,  1  b. 
House  of  convocation,  1  c. 

House  of  keys :  see  Man,  Isle  of,  XI.  87,  1  a. 

Houseleek,  plant,  IX.  12  (ills.,  13). 

Housemaids'1  knee:  see  Tumor,  XVI.  29,  1  c. 

House  snake :  see  Chicken  Snake,  IV.  420,  2  c. 

Houssa  [hows'-sa],  country  of  Africa,  IX.  13. 
Houssa  language,  X.  406,  1  c. 


HOUSSAYE 


HttBNER 


397 


IIoussaye,  Arsene  [oo-sa],  French  author,  IX. 

14.  Henry,  author,  1  c. 

Houston  [hu'-stun],  four  counties,  IX.  14. 
Houston,  city  of  Texas,  IX.  14.  Market  and 
opera  house,  15,  1  a  (ill.). 

Houston ,  county  seats,  IY.  418,  2  a;  XY.  496, 
2  c ;  679,  2  c ;  XVI.  673,  2  a. 

Houston,  Sam,  American  soldier  and  states¬ 
man,  IX.  15. 

Houtman  [howt'-man],  brothers,  II.  288,  2  ab. 
Jlovas,  tribe  of  Madagascar,  X.  810,  2  ab;  811, 
1  ab  ;  812,  2  c. 

Hoye'den,  Roger  de,  English  chronicler,  IX.  17. 
IIovey,  Alvah  [huv'-e],  American  theologian, 
IX.  17. 

Howard  [ko-wa'-ra],  inscription  on  brick  pyra¬ 
mid  of,  III.  265,  1  c. 

Howard,  eight  counties,  IX.  17. 

Howard ,  Catharine ,  fifth  wife  of  Henry  VIII., 

VIII.  653,  1  a;  V.  460,  1  be. 

Howard,  Charles,  lord,  English  admiral,  IX.  18. 
Howard ,  Lady  Douglas ,  VI.  294,  1  c. 

Howard ,  Frances ,  countess  of  Essex,  VI.  736, 
1  c;  XII.  746,  1  be. 

Howard,  Henry,  earl  of  Surrey :  see  Surrey. 
Howard,  John,  English  philanthropist,  IX.  18. 
His  labors  for  prison  reform,  19,  1  a;  to 
obtain  information  respecting  quarantine 
establishments,  1  c.  Monument  erected  by 
Alexander  I.  of  Russia,  820,  1  be. 

Howard,  John  Eager,  soldier  and  governor  of 
Maryland,  IX.  19. 

Howard,  Oliver  Otis,  American  soldier,  IX.  20. 
Howard,  Thomas,  duke  of  Norfolk,  English 
statesman,  IX.  20. 

Howard,  Thomas :  see  Arundel,  earl  of. 
Howard ,  Lord  William ,  III.  792,  2  be. 
Howard  University,  Washington,  IX.  20. 
Howden ,  Lord  (Colonel  Caradoc),  II.  217,  2  b. 
IIowe,  George  Augustus,  lord,  British  general, 

IX.  21,  1  ab.  Richard,  earl,  admiral,  1  b. 
William,  viscount,  general,  2  a.  His  confer¬ 
ence  with  Franklin,  Adams,  and  Rutledge, 
referred  to,  I.  88,  1  a ;  XIV.  502,  2  b. 

nowE,  Elias,  American  inventor,  IX.  21.  See 
Sewing  Machine. 

Howe,  John,  English  clergyman,  IX.  21. 
Howe,  Samuel  Gridley,  American  philanthro¬ 
pist,  IX.  22.  His  labors  in  behalf  of  the 
blind  and  of  idiots,  1  b;  II.  718,  1  c;  IX. 
173,  2  c.  (Died  1876.) — Julia  Ward,  poet 
and  reformer,  IX.  22,  1  c. 

Howell,  county,  IX.  22. 

Howell ,  county  seat,  X.  545,  1  c. 


Howell,  James,  English  author,  IX.  22. 

Howells,  William  Dean,  American  author, 
IX.  22. 

Howitt,  William,  English  author,  IX.  22.  Ma¬ 
ry  Botham,  author,  23,  1  b.  Anna  Mary 
and  Margaret,  authors,  1  be. 

How-Howism ,  a  religion  invented  by  the  New 
Zealanders,  XII.  414,  2  b.  How-Hows,  ib. 

Howitzer  :  see  Artillery,  1. 786,  2  c ;  Cannon, 
III.  707,  1  c,  709,  2  a. 

Howleglass :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  c. 

Howler ,  variety  of  monkey,  XI.  750,  2  ab. 
Brown  howler,  2  c. 

Howling  whale ,  VI.  193,  1  a. 

Howson,  John  Saul,  English  clergyman,  IX.  23. 

Howth,  Hill  of,  Ireland,  IX.  23. 

Hoxter,  town  of  Prussia,  IX.  23. 

Hoy  a  (botany),  XVI.  516,  2  c.  II.  carnosa, 
517,  1  a  (ill.). 

IIoyle,  Edmund,  writer  on  games,  IX.  23. 

Hrabanus  Maurus  :  see  Rabanus. 

Hrolf,  leader  of  the  Northmen,  XII.  498,  2  be. 

Huaca  [wa'-ka],  Peruvian  sepulchral  mound, 
IX.  23 ;  I.  400,  2  be. 

Huaco :  see  Guaco. 

Hualca,  Diego)  discoverer  of  the  Potosi  mines, 
XV.  56,  1  c. 

Huallaga  [wa-lya'-ga],  river  of  Peru,  IX.  24. 

Huamanga  [wa-mang'-ga] :  see  Ayacucho. 

Huancavelica  [vvan-ka-va'-le-ka],  department 
of  Peru,  IX.  24.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Huanta  [wan'-ta],  town  of  Peru,  IX.  24. 

Huanuco  [wa'-noo-ko],  department  of  Peru, 
IX.  24.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

IIuaraz  [wa-rass'],  city  of  Peru,  IX.  24. 

Huascar  [wass'-kar],  inca  of  Cuzco,  II.  50,  1  c ; 
XIII.  342,  2  c. 

Huastecas  [wass-ta'-kass] :  see  Quetzalcoatl. 

Hubbard,  William,  American  historian,  IX.  24. 

IIubbardton,  town  of  Vermont,  IX.  25.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  1  ab. 

Hu'ber,  Francois  [Fr.  ii-bair],  Swiss  naturalist, 
IX.  25.  His  observations  on  bees,  II.  452, 
2  b ;  453,  1  c,  2  b.  Pierre,  IX.  25,  2  ab. 

Huber,  Jean  Rodolphe,  Swiss  painter,  IX.  25. 

IIuber,  Johann  Nepomuk  [hoo'-ber],  German 
theologian,  IX.  25. 

PIuber,  Marie,  Swiss  authoress,  IX.  25. 

Huber,  Michael,  German  scholar,  IX.  26.  Lud¬ 
wig  Ferdinand,  editor  and  author,  1  ab. 
Therese,  authoress,  1  b  ;  referred  to,  VII. 
325, 1  c.  Victor  Aim6,  scholar  and  publicist, 
IX.  26,  1  b. 

Hub'ner,  Karl,  German  painter,  IX.  26. 


398 


HtlBNER 


HUMBOLDT 


Hubner,  Rudolf  Julius  Benno,  painter,  IX.  26. 
Hue,  Lvariste  Regis  [uk],  French  missionary 
and  traveller,  IX.  26. 

Huckaback ,  a  coarse  cloth,  VIII.  632,  1  a. 
Huckleberry:  see  Whortleberry. 

Hud  [hood],  Arabian  prophet,  I.  620,  2  b. 
Hud'dersfield,  town  of  England,  IX.  27. 
Hudson,  county  of  New  Jersey,  IX.  27. 
Hudson,  city  of  New  York,  IX.  28. 

Hudson ,  former  city  of  New  Jersey,  IX.  611, 1  a. 
Hudson,  village  of  Ohio,  IX.  28. 

Hudson ,  county  seat,  XIV.  528,  2  c. 

Hudson,  Henry,  British  navigator,  IX.  28 ;  I. 

669,  lb;  X.  73,  2  b ;  XVI.  151,  1  c. 
Hudson,  Henry  Norman,  American  essayist, 
IX.  29. 

Hudson,  Jeffery :  see  Dwarf,  VI.  335,  2  c. 
Hudson  Bay,  British  America,  IX.  29. 

Hudson  Bay  company,  XII.  503,  2  be,  504,  1  c ; 
VII.  535,  1  a.  Dispute  between  it  and  the 
United  States,  1  c. 

Hudson  Bay  Territory  :  see  Northwest  Ter¬ 
ritories. 

Hudson  River,  New  York,  IX.  29. 

Hudson  Strait,  British  America,  IX.  30. 

Hue  [hwa],  capital  of  Anam,  IX.  30. 

Hue  and  cry  advertisements ,  I.  138,  1  a.  See 
Robbery,  XIV.  355,  2  be. 

Huelva  [wail'-va],  province  of  Spain,  IX.  31. 
Town,  1  ab. 

Huerfano  [wair'-fa-no],  county,  IX.  31. 
Huesoa  [wais'-ka],  province  of  Spain,  IX.  31. 
Town,  1  c. 

Huet,  Pierre  Daniel  [u-a],  scholar,  IX.  31. 
Hufeland,  Christoph  Wilhelm  [hoo'-feh-lant], 
German  physician,  IX.  31.  System  of  mor¬ 
tuary  houses  introduced  by  him,  2  c. 

Hugel,  Karl  Alexander  Anselm,  baron  [hii'- 
ghel],  German  traveller,  IX.  32.  His  collec¬ 
tion  of  antiquities,  &c.,  1  ab. 

Huger,  Isaac  [yu-jee'],  American  revolutionary 
general,  IX.  32.  Francis  Kinlock,  1  be.  His 
attempt  to  rescue  Lafayette  :  see  Bollmann. 
Benjamin,  confederate  general,  1  c(d.  1877). 
Huggins,  William,  English  astronomer,  IX.  32. 
His  observations  in  spectrum  analysis,  XV. 
254, 1  a-2  a ;  on  the  solar  spectrum,  472,  2  a. 
Hugh  Capet  [hu  ka-pa'],  king  of  France,  IX. 
32  ;  III.  751,  2  c. 

Hughes,  Ball  [huze],  American  sculptor,  IX. 
33. 

Hughes,  John,  archbishop  of  New  York,  IX. 
33.  His  opposition  to  the  “  trustee  system  ” 
of  holding  church  property,  2  a ;  to  the  pub¬ 


lic  school  system,  2  be.  His  political  mis¬ 
sion  to  Europe,  34,  1  c. 

Hughes ,  Bev.  Joseph,  originator  of  the  British 
and  foreign  Bible  society,  II.  615, 1  a  and  b. 

Hughes,  Thomas,  English  author,  IX.  34. 

Hughs,  county,  IX.  34. 

Hugo ,  Cardinal ,  Latin  concordance  and  divb 
sion  of  the  Gospels  into  chapters  made  by 
him,  II.  612,  1  a. 

Hugo,  Gustav  [hoo'-go],  German  jurist,  IX.  34. 

Hugo,  Victor  Marie  [ti-go],  French  author,  IX. 
35.  His  political  career,  2  ab.  Charles  Victor, 
36, 1  c.  Francois  Victor,  2  a.  J ules  Abel,  2  b. 

Huguenots,  IX.  36.  Origin  of  name,  2  be. 
Conspiracy  of  Amboise,  37,  1  c ;  peace  of 
St.  Germain,  2  b.  Edict  of  Nantes,  2c;  its 
revocation,  38,  1  a,  II.  347,  2  c.  Camisards, 
IX.  38,  1  a.  Reformed  church  of  France, 
1  b.  Colonies  in  North  America,  ib. ;  in 
Florida,  XVI.  150,  1  b;  massacred  by  the 
Spaniards,  ib. :  see  Ribault,  and  Menendez 
de  Ayiles. 

Huia  [hoo'-ya],  New  Zealand  bird,  XII.  410,  2  b. 

Huitzilopochtli  [weet-se-lo-poach'-tle],  war  god 
of  the  Aztecs,  XI.  474, 1  c,  481,  2  c ;  1. 397, 1  a. 

Hulaku  Khan  [hoo-la-koo'  kan],  (died  1265), 
XIII.  323,  1  c. 

Huldrafolk,  huldraslaat ,  VII.  64,  2  a. 

Huleh  [hoo'-leh],  lake  (Merom),  IX.  683,  1  a. 

Hulin,  Pierre  Augustin,  count  [u-lang],  French 
soldier,  IX.  38. 

Hull,  in  grains,  XIII.  591,  2  a. 

Hull,  seaport  of  England,  IX.  38  (ill.,  39). 

Hull,  county  seat,  XII.  733,  1  b. 

Hull,  Isaac,  American  naval  officer,  IX.  39. 

Hull,  William,  American  soldier,  IX.  40. 

Hullah,  John,  English  composer,  IX.  40. 

Hullin :  see  Hulin. 

Hulshojf,  Baroness  [hiils'-huff] :  see  Droste. 

Hultsch,  Friedrich  Otto  [hooltsh],  German 
philologist,  IX.  40. 

Hulweh  [hook-weli],  Druse  meeting  house,  VI. 
274,  1  a. 

Humane  society  of  Massachusetts,  its  efforts  in 
behalf  of  the  shipwrecked,  X.  423,  1  b. 

Humanistic  school,  of  education,  VI.  413,  2  c. 

Human  remains ,  prehistoric,  VII.  198,  2  b. 

Humayun  [hoo-ma-yoon'],  Mogul  emperor,  IX. 
208,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Humber,  river  of  England,  IX.  40. 

Humblebee,  II.  457,  1  c  (ill.).  Its  muscular  ac¬ 
tivity,  IX.  312,  2  ab. 

Humboldt  [hum'-bolt],  three  counties,  IX.  40. 

Humboldt,  Friedrich  Heinrich  Alexander  von, 


HUMBOLDT 


HUNTER 


399 


baron  [hoom'-bolt],  German  naturalist  and 
explorer,  IX.  41.  Expedition  to  America,  42, 
1  b.  Residence  in  Paris,  43,  1  a.  Expedi¬ 
tion  to  Asia,  2  a.  Political  career,  2  c. 
Characteristics  as  a  man  of  science,  44, 1  ab. 
His  researches,  1  b.  His  principal  works,  2  c. 
Personal  habits,  45,  2  a. — His  observations  on 
isothermal  lines:  see  Climate,  IV.  679,  2  a; 
682,  1  b,  2  a.  Ascent  of  Chimborazo,  437, 

1  a.  Observations  on  eye  stones,  VII.  48, 

2  be.  First  to  call  attention  in  Europe  to 
guano,  VIII.  280,  2  a. 

Humboldt,  Karl  Wilhelm  von,  baron,  scholar 
and  diplomatist,  IX.  45.  His  friendship  with 
Goethe,  46,  1  be.  Diplomatic  career,  2  a. 
Political  career,  2  ab.  Contributions  to 
philology,  47,  1  ab. 

Humboldt  Grove ,  park  in  Berlin,  II.  565,  2  be. 
Humboldt  River,  Nevada,  IX.  47. 

Hume,  Andrew ,  explorer,  X.  326,  2  be. 

Hume,  David,  Scottish  historian,  IX.  47.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  441,  2  b ;  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  441,  2  b.  On  political  economy, 
XIII.  667,  2  b.  On  money,  2  c;  XI.  666,  2  c. 
Hume ,  John :  see  Home. 

Hume,  Joseph,  British  statesman,  IX.  48. 
Hume  castle ,  referred  to,  II.  588,  1  a. 
Humiliati ,  religious  order,  III.  108,  1  c. 
Hummel,  Johann  Nepomuk  [hoom'-mel],  Ger¬ 
man  composer,  IX.  49. 

Humming  Bird,  IX.  49  (ills.,  50,  51). 
Hummocks,  eminences  in  Florida,  VII.  280,  2  b. 
Hummocks  of  ice,  IX.  149,  1  ab. 

Humors,  the  four,  XV.  633,  2  b. 

Humphrey,  Ileman,  American  clergyman,  sec¬ 
ond  president  of  Amherst  college,  IX.  51 ; 
I.  424,  1  a. 

Humphreys,  county,  IX.  51. 

Humphreys,  Alexander,  claimant  of  the  earldom 
of  Stirling,  I.  285,  2  ab. 

Humphreys,  Andrew  Atkinson,  American  sol¬ 
dier,  IX.  51. 

Humphreys,  David,  American  poet,  IX.  52. 
Hums  [hooms],  city :  see  Homs. 

Humulus  lupulus  (botany),  III.  257, 1  c ;  VIII. 
808,  2  c  (ill.,  809). 

Humus,  vegetable  mould,  IX.  52;  I.  195,  1  c, 
196,  1  a,  b;  VI.  707,  1  b. 

Humuya  [oo-moo'-ya],  river,  Honduras,  IX.  52. 
Hunchback  of  Arras,  trouv&re,  I.  81,  1  c. 
Hundred,  subdivision  of  a  shire,  IX.  52. 
Hundred,  of  nails,  XII.  125,  2  c. 

“  Hundred-guilder  print  f  etching  by  Rem¬ 
brandt,  VI.  652,  1  b. 


Hundred-horse  chestnut,  IV.  390,  2  c. 

Hundred  towers,  city  of  a,  XIII.  194, 2  a  (Pavia). 
Hundred  years ’  war :  see  France,  VII.  381,  1  a. 
IIunfalvy,  Pal  [hoon'-fol-ve],  Hungarian  phi¬ 
lologist,  IX.  52.  Janos,  geographer,  53,  1  a. 
Hungarian  millet  or  grass,  XI.  556,  1  b,  c  (ill.). 
Hungarian  sisters :  see  Monster,  XI.  765,  2  a. 
Hungary,  IX.  53.  Physical  features,  2  ab. 
Climate,  2  c.  Soil,  productions,  &c.,  54,  1  a. 
Population,  2  a;  early  inhabitants,  55,  1  c. 
Education,  54,  2  b.  Government,  2  c.  Po¬ 
litical  divisions,  55,  1  b. — History,  1  c.  Ar- 
pad  dynasty,  2  a ;  elective  kings,  56,  2  b ; 
Hapsburgs,  57,  2  ab.  Wars  with  the  Turks, 

1  ab,  ff.  Persecution  of  the  Protestants, 

2  c.  Encroachments  on  the  constitution,  58, 
2  b  and  c.  Oppressive  privileges  of  the  no¬ 
bles,  59,  1  a.  Political  reforms,  1  c.  Revo¬ 
lution,  60,  1  a;  suppressed,  61,  1  b.  Dual- 
istic  system  established,  2  c;  II.  141,  2  b. 

Hungary,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IX.  62. 
Literature,  64,  1  ab. 

Hungary  water,  perfume,  XIII.  288,  2  b. 
Hungary,  Wines  of,  IX.  66. 

Hunger,  IX.  67. 

Hunger  pest,  disease  so  called,  VII.  169,  1  b. 
Hungry  Hill,  cataract  of,  Ireland,  II.  289,  2  a. 
Hung  Siu-tsuen,  Chinese  rebel,  IV.  463,  2  b. 
Hunni'ades,  John  :  see  Hunyady. 

Huns,  a  people  of  Asia,  IX.  67. 

Hunt,  county,  IX.  68. 

Hunt,  Henry,  English  politician,  IX.  68. 

Hunt,  James  Henry  Leigh,  author,  IX.  68. 

Thornton,  author  and  art  critic,  69,  1  c. 
Hunt,  Richard  Morris,  American  architect,  IX. 

69. 

Hunt,  Thomas  Sterry,  chemist,  mineralogist, 
and  geologist,  IX.  69.  Theory  of  chemical 
compounds,  2  be ;  of  the  interior  of  the  earth, 

70.  1  b;  of  crystalline  rocks,  VII.  695,  2  c. 
Hunt,  William  Henry,  English  water-color 

painter,  IX.  70. 

Hunt,  William  Holman,  painter,  IX.  70. 

Hunt,  William  Morris,  American  painter,  IX. 

71. 

Hunt  and  Douglas' s  process,  in  copper  smelting, 
V.  326,  2  b. 

Hunter,  John,  British  surgeon  and  physiolo¬ 
gist,  IX.  71.  Hunter’s  museum,  72,  1  be. 
His  treatment  of  aneurism,  la;  I.  492,  1  a. 
His  theory  of  inflammation,  IX.  275,  1  b. — 
Anne  Home  Hunter,  his  wife,  72,  2  ab. 
Hunter,  Robert  Mercer  Taliaferro,  American 
statesman,  IX.  72. 


400 


HUNTER 


HUTTEN 


Hunter,  William,  British  physician  and  anato¬ 
mist,  IX.  73.  Hunterian  museum,  2  b. 
Hunterdon,  county,  IX.  74. 

“Hunters  of  the  Alps ,”  corps  of  Garibaldi,  VII. 
623,  2  b. 

Hunter's  Point:  see  Long  Island  City. 
Huntersville ,  county  seat,  XIII.  631,  2  a. 
Huntingdon,  county  of  Pennsylvania,  IX.  74. 
Huntingdon,  county  of  Canada,  IX.  74. 
Huntingdon ,  county  seats,  IV.  29,  2  c  ;  IX.  74, 

1  c,  2  a. 

Huntingdon,  Selina,  countess  of,  IX.  74. 
“  Lady  Huntingdon  Connection,”  religious 
denomination,  75,  1  a ;  XI.  453,  2  b. 
Huntingdonshire,  county  of  England,  IX.  75. 
Huntington,  county,  IX.  75. 

Huntington ,  county  seat,  IX.  75,  1  c. 
Huntington,  Daniel,  American  painter,  IX.  75. 

Jedidiah  Vincent,  clergyman  and  author,  2  b. 
Huntington,  Frederick  Dan,  bishop,  IX.  75. 
Huntington,  Samuel,  a  signer  of  the  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  IX.  76. 

Huntington,  William,  English  preacher,  IX.  76. 
Huntsman's  cup ,  plant,  XIII.  548,  1  b. 
Huntsville,  city  of  Alabama,  IX.  76.  Town 
of  Texas,  seat  of  Austin  college,  2  a. 
Huntsville ,  county  seats,  X.  820,  2  a;  XIV. 
199,  2  c ;  706,  2  b. 

Hunnady,  Janos  [hoon'-yod-e],  Hungarian 
general  and  statesman,  IX.  76.  See  Amu- 
rath,  I.  446,  2  a. 

Huppazoli,  Francesco  [oop-pa-dzo'-le],  Pied¬ 
montese  centenarian,  IX.  76. 

Hurd,  Richard,  English  prelate,  IX.  77. 
Hurdwar',  town  of  India,  IX.  77 ;  IV.  511, 1  ab. 
Hurlbert,  William  Henry,  American  journal¬ 
ist  and  poet,  IX.  77. 

Hu-rlbut,  Stephen  Augustus,  American  soldier 
and  statesman,  IX.  77. 

Hu'ron,  two  counties,  IX.  78. 

Huron,  county  of  Canada,  IX.  78. 

Huron,  Lake,  IX.  78. 

Huronian  rocks,  VII.  695,  2  ab. 

Hurons,  North  American  Indians,  IX.  79. 
Alliance  against  the  Iroquois,  1  c.  Catholic 
missions,  2  a.  Huron  cosmogony,  2  c. 
Hurrar :  see  Harar. 

Hurricane,  IX.  80.  Description,  1  b.  Theories 
respecting,  2  b.  Law  of  the  rotation  of 
winds,  81,  1  a;  velocity,  1  be.  Rainfall, 

2  a  ;  movements  of  clouds,  2  ab.  Baromet¬ 
rical  disturbance,  2  b.  Dimensions  of  hur¬ 
ricanes,  82,  1  b.  Hurricane  tracks,  2  a. 
Rate  of  progression,  2  c.  Waves  and  swells 


produced,  83,  1  a ;  “  cyclone  wave,”  1  b. 
“  Hurricane  season,”  ib.  Supposed  connec¬ 
tion  of  sun  spots  with  hurricanes,  1  c.  Origin 
and  cause  of  hurricanes,  2  a.  Rules  for  the 
avoidance  of  hurricanes  at  sea,  84,  1  a.  Or¬ 
igin  of  name,  XVI.  659,  2  a. 

Hurst,  John  Fletcher,  American  clergyman, 
IX.  84. 

Hurte ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

IIurter,  Friedrich  Emanuel  von  [lioor'-ter], 
Swiss  historian,  IX.  84. 

Hurtleberry :  see  Whortleberry. 

Husband  and  Wife,  IX.  84.  Historical  view 
of  their  relations,  2  c.  Rights  and  liabilities 
as  to  the  wife’s  real  estate,  2  a ;  personal 
property,  2  be ;  ante-nuptial  debts,  86,  1  b ; 
post-nuptial  contracts  or  obligations,  2  a. 
Separation  by  mutual  consent,  87,  1  c. 
“  Custom  of  London,”  2  b.  Statutory 
changes  in  the  United  States  as  to  marriage, 
2  c  ;  general  rights  of  women,  88,  2  c. 

Husbandry,  Patrons  of,  agricultural  organiza¬ 
tion,  IX.  89. 

Husbands,  Herman,  American  revolutionist, 
IX.  89. 

Hush  [hoosh],  town  of  Roumania,  IX.  90. 

Hush  money ,  II.  681,  2  b. 

Huskisson,  William,  English  statesman,  IX.  90. 

Husmann ,  George  [hoos'-man],  American  grape 
grower,  I.  419,  1  a,  ff. 

Huss,  John,  Bohemian  religious  reformer,  IX. 
90.  His  imprisonment,  91,  1  c ;  trial  and 
execution,  2  a ;  writings,  2  c. 

Hussars  [hooz-zars'j,  cavalry,  IX.  92. 

Hussein  [hoos-sain'J :  see  Hossein  (Index). 

Hussein  Bey ,  Algerine  ruler,  I.  306,  1  c. 

Hussites,  followers  of  Huss,  IX.  92.  Referred 
to,  XIII.  558,  1  b.  Hussite  war :  see  Ziska. 

Hutcheson,  Francis,  Scottish  philosopher,  IX. 
92.  His  system  of  moral  philosophy,  2  b ; 
XI.  807,  1  c,  812,  1  b. 

Hutchinson,  county,  IX.  92. 

Hutchinson,  county  seat,  XIV.  271,  2  a. 

Hutchinson,  Anne,  New  England  sectary,  IX 
92.  Persecution  of,  93,  1  ab.  Referred  to, 
III.  126,  2  c. 

Hutchinson,  John,  English  Puritan  revolu¬ 
tionist,  IX.  93.  Lucy,  his  wife,  1  c,  2  a. 

Hutchinson,  John,  philosopher,  IX.  93. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  IX.  93. 

Hutten,  Ulrich  von  [hoot'-ten],  German  scho¬ 
lar  and  reformer,  IX.  94.  The  u  Epistolea 
Obscurorum  Virorum,”  95, 1  b  ;  VI.  693, 1  b. 


IlUTTEX 


HYDRASTIS 


401 


Ratten,  lodges  of  architects,  I.  663,  2  a. 

Hutton,  Charles,  English  mathematician,  IX. 
95. 

Hutton,  James,  Scottish  philosopher,  IX.  96. 
His  views  of  geology,  VII.  689,  1  be. 

Huttonians  ancl  Wernerian s :  see  Geology, 
VII.  689,  1  b. 

Huxley,  Thomas  Henry,  English  naturalist, 
IX.  96.  On  the  theory  of  evolution,  VII. 
11,  1  b;  the  origin  of  varieties,  13,  1  c. 
On  batbybius,  II.  391,  1  a.  His  classification 
of  reptiles,  VIII.  694,  2  c  ;  of  fishes,  IX.  161, 
2  b ;  of  birds,  XII.  708,  2  ab.  Anatomical 
theory  of,  XIII.  429,  1  be.  His  observations 
on  glaciers,  VII.  830,  1  be,  2  b ;  831,  1  a. 

Huy  [ti-e],  (Flem.  Hoey,  hoo'-e),  town  of  Bel¬ 
gium,  IX.  97. 

Huygenian  eye  piece  [hi-ghe'-ne-an],  for  the 
telescope,  XV.  624,  1  be. 

Huygens,  Christian  [hi'-ghens ;  Dutch,  lioi'- 
ghence],  Dutch  natural  philosopher,  IX.  97. 
His  discovery  of  the  fourth  satellite  of 
Saturn,  1  c ;  of  Saturn’s  ring,  2  b.  Other 
discoveries,  2  c.  Invention  of  the  watch 
spiral  spring,  98,  1  ab ;  of  an  automatic 
planetarium,  1  be ;  of  continued  fractions, 
ib.  Solution  of  Leibnitz’s  test  problem,  2  a. 
His  personal  character  and  scientific  labors, 
2  b.  His  method  for  finding  the  centre  of 
oscillation,  99,  1  a. — His  theory  of  light,  X. 
435,  2  c,  439,  1  c ;  double  refraction,  441, 
2  b.  First  to  demonstrate  the  principle  of 
the  pendulum,  IV.  696,  2  c.  His  clock,  697, 
2  c  (ill.).  His  theory  of  the  ether,  VI.  746, 
1  be ;  of  evolutes,  VII.  701,  2  be.  On  the 
laws  of  motion,  XI.  317,  2  ab,  319,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
centrifugal  force,  323,  2  be  (ill.) ;  on  the 
pendulum,  325,  1  a  (ills.). 

Huyghens :  see  Huygens. 

Huzvaresh  [hooz-va-resh'J,  an  Iranic  language, 
IX.  347,  2  c  ;  XIII.  324,  2  b. 

Ry,  island  :  see  Iona. 

Hy'acinth,  plant,  IX.  99  (ill.,  100).  Bulb,  1  c 
(ill.).  “  Dutch  bulbs,”  2  a ;  trade  in,  2  c ; 

culture  of,  100,  1  a.  Wild  hyacinth  (blue¬ 
bell),  2  a  (ill.).  See  Hyacinthus. 

Hyaointhe,  Pere  [e-a-sangt] :  see  Loyson. 

Hyacin'thus,  mythical,  IX.  100. 

Hyacinthus  orientalis  (botany),  IX.  99,  1  c 
(ill.,  100).  H.  nonscriptus,  100,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Hyades  [hi'-a-deez],  mythical,  IX.  100. 

Hy^e'na,  animal,  IX.  100.  Spotted,  101,  1  c 
(ill.) ;  striped,  2  b  (ill.) ;  hunting,  102,  1  a 
(ill.).  Fossil  hyasnas,  1  c. 

26 


Rya'lea  (mollusca),  XI.  722,  1  be.  II.  triden* 
tata,  1  c. 

Hyaline  matrix  [hl'-a-lin],  of  cartilage,  IV.  42, 
1  a,  be. 

Hy'alite:  see  Opal,  XII.  642,  1  b. 

Hyalon  ema  (zoology),  VIII.  28,  2  a.  II.  Lusi- 
tanicum,  29,  1  b  (ill.),  and  other  species. 
Ryalothe'ca  (desmidiese),  VI.  43,  2  ab.  II. 
dissiliens,  2  b. 

Hyaro'tis ,  river,  XIV.  218,  1  be. 

Hy'bla,  cities  of  ancient  Sicily,  IX.  102.  Hy- 
bla Major,  or  Magna,  2  ab.  Ilybla  Minor,  2  b. 
Hybla,  honey  of,  II.  164,  1  ab  (Avola). 
Hybeid,  IX.  102.  Hybridizing  animals,  103, 

1  a ;  plants,  1  c.  Fertility  of  hybrids,  102, 

2  c,  103,  1  b :  see  Salmon,  XIV.  567,  2  ab. 
Hyc'cara,  town,  vestiges  of,  III.  789,  1  b. 
Hydas'pes,  river  :  see  Jhylum. 

Hy'datids  :  see  Entozoa,  VI.  663,  2  c,  666,  2  b. 
Hyde,  two  counties,  IX.  104. 

Hyde,  Edward  :  see  Clarendon. 

Hyde,  Thomas,  English  orientalist,  IX.  104. 

Alluded  to,  III.  174,  1  a. 

Hyde  de  Xeuville,  Jean  Guillaume,  baron  [eed 
diih  niih-veel],  French  politician,  IX.  104. 
Hyde  park,  London,  X.  596,  2  c ;  XIII.  102, 

1  c  (map). 

Hyde  Parle,  county  seat,  X.  127,  2  c. 
Hyderabad',  native  state  of  India,  IX.  104. 
Rajah  of,  201,  1  c.  Town,  105,  2  ab.  Brit¬ 
ish  residency,  2  c  (ill.). 

Hyder  Ali  [hi'-der  a'-le],  sultan  of  Mysore, 
IX.  105,  210,  1  c ;  XI.  48,  1  b. 

Hydna  (fungi),  VII.  533,  2  be. 

Hydra,  mythical :  see  Hercules,  VIII.  679, 1  c. 
Hydra,  island  of  Greece,  IX.  106.  Town,  1  c. 
Hydra,  green,  acaleph,  IX.  114,  2  c. 
Hydrabad',  town  of  India,  IX.  106. 

Ry  dr  acids,  in  chemistry,  XII.  476,  1  c. 
Hydran'gea,  genus  of  plants,  IX.  106.  Gar¬ 
den,  2  ab  (ill.) ;  oak-leaved,  107,  1  b  (ill.). 
Other  species. 

Hydrao'tes ,  river:  see  Ravee. 

Hydrarchus  Tillimani ,  factitious  skeleton  of, 
XVI.  748,  2  be. 

Hydrar'gyra  (ichthyology),  XI.  613,  1  a.  II. 
flavula,  1  be. 

Ilydrargyri  chlor'idum  mi'te,  XI.  403,  1  c. 
Hydrargyrum,  XI.  400,  1  c.  H.  cum  creta, 
402,  2  c. 

Hydras' tia,  alkaloid,  II.  549,  2  b. 

Hydrastin ,  drug,  II.  549,  2  b ;  XIV.  65,  2  c. 
Hydrastis  (botany) :  see  Puccoon,  XIV.  65, 

2  b.  H.  Canadensis,  ib. ;  II.  549,  2  b. 


m 


HYDRATES 


HYGROMETER 


Hy'drates  (chemistry),  IX.  107  ;  XII.  477, 1  c  ; 

XIV.  218,  1  be ;  XVI.  495,  1  be. 

Hydraulic  belloics ,  XI.  576,  1  a. 

Hydraulic  brake,  XV.  31,  1  c. 

Hydraulic  main ,  of  gas  works,  VII.  636,  2  be. 
Hydraulicon ,  musical  instrument,  XII.  688, 1  c. 
Hydraulic  Ram,  IX.  107  (ills.,  107,  108). 
Hydraulics:  see  Hydromechanics. 

Hydric  nitrate:  see  Nitric  Acid. 

Hydride  of  hydrogen  [hi'-drid],  II.  89,  1  c. 
Hydriod'ic  acid ,  IX.  327,  2  e. 

Hydrite  of  phenyl,  II.  546,  1  a. 

Hydrob'ata  (ornithology),  XII.  744,  1  c.  II. 

Mexicana,  2  a.  H.  cinclus,  ib.  (ill.). 
Hydrocam'pa  (entomology),  XI.  870,  1  b. 
Hydrocan' thari  (entomology),  II.  476,  1  c. 
Hydro-carbon  process:  see  Gas,  VII.  640,  2  ab. 
Hydrocarbons ,  III.  770,  1  a. 

Hydrocepil'alus  :  see  Brain,  Diseases  of  the, 
III.  197,  2  b.  Acute,  201,  1  a.  H.  internus, 
192,  1  a. 

Hydrochel'idon  (ornithology),  XV.  660,  1  a. 
Hydrochloric  Acid,  IX.  108.  Remedy  for  its 
poisonous  effects  when  swallowed,  109,  2  c. 
Hydrochloric  ether ,  IV.  500,  2  a. 

Hydrochce'rus  capybara  ( zoology),  III. 225, 1  be; 
763,  2  b. 

Hydrocyanic  Acid,  IX.  110.  How  to  prevent 
poisoning  by,  2  c. 

Hydrodynamics  :  see  Hydromechanics. 
Hydro-electric  machine,  Armstrong’s,  VI.  507, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Hydrofluoric  Acid  :  see  Fluorine,  VII.  291, 

2  a.  Use  in  etching  glass,  292,  1  be. 
Hydrofuosilicic  acid,  XV.  39,  2  c. 
Hydrogastrum :  see  Alg^e,  I.  299,  2  ab. 
Hydrogen,  IX.  111.  A  substitute  for  coal  gas, 

2  b.  Asa  conductor  of  heat,  VIII.  573,  1  b. 
See  Metals,  XI.  420,  2  c. 

Hydrogen  atom:  see  Molecule,  XI.  712,  1  ab. 
Hydrogenium ,  alloy,  IX.  112,  1  a. 
Hydrographic  charts,  II.  432,  2  b-c;  IV.  763, 
2  be  ;  VI.  36,  1  c.  See  Hydrography. 
Hydrog'raphy,  IX.  112.  Reconnoissance,  113, 
2  a;  deep-sea  soundings,  114,  1  a;  hydro- 
graphic  surveys,  1  be.  Physical  hydrography, 
2  a.  “Father  of,”  II.  433,  1  a.  See  Coast 
Survey,  IV.  761,  1  a;  Atlantic  Ocean; 
and  Dredging,  Deep-sea. 

Hydroids,  lowest  jelly  fishes,  IX.  114  (ill.,  115). 
Hy'dromancy ,  divination  by  water,  VI.  154, 1  a ; 
X.  846,  2  c. 

Hydromechanics,  IX.  115.  History,  1  c.  Mo¬ 
bility  of  the  particles  of  a  liquid  over  each 


other,  116,  1  c;  resistance  to  compression, 
2  a;  Oersted’s  compressing  apparatus,  2  b 
(ill.). — Hydrostatics,  117,  1  b.  Hydraulic 
press,  1  c  (ill.).  Hydrostatic  bellows,  2  be 
(ill.).  Equal  pressure  of  unequal  columns, 
118,  1  a  (ill.).  Comparative  pressure  of 
water  and  mercury,  1  b,  121,  1  c.  Propul¬ 
sion  by  unequal  pressure,  118,  lb  (ill.)  ;  Bar¬ 
ker’s  centrifugal  mill,  1  be  (ill.).  Laws  of 
hydrostatics,  1  c.  Centre  of  pressure,  119, 
1  c  (ill.).  Principle  of  Archimedes,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
hydrostatic  balance,  2  c  (ill.) ;  bottle  imp, 
120,  1  ab  (ill.).  Stability  of  floating  bodies, 

1  be  (ills.).  —  Hydrodynamics,  121,  1  ab. 
Velocity  of  jets,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  vena  contracta, 
122,  1  be  (ills.).  Resistance  offered  by  con¬ 
duits,  2  b.  Resistance  of  liquids  to  the  mo> 
tions  of  solid  bodies,  2  c.  Theory  of  waves 
in,  123,  1  b.  Form  of  surface  of  rotating 
liquid,  2  a  (ill.).  A  level  surface,  2  be  (ill.). 

Hydrom'eter,  IX.  124.  Nicholson’s,  1  b  (ill.). 
Baume’s,  2  ab  (ills.).  Hare’s,  2  c  (ill.,  125). 
Use  of  the  sethrioscope  for,  I.  154,  2  c. 
Hydromys  chrysogaster  (zoology),  XVI.  507,  2  c. 
Hydroparas' tat ce  :  see  Aquarians. 
Hydrop'athy,  water  cure,  IX.  125. 
Hydropericar'dium :  see  Dropsy,  VI.  266,  1  a. 
Hydroperitone'um :  see  Dropsy,  VI.  266,  1  b„ 
Hydrophane :  see  Opal,  XII.  642,  1  b. 
Hydrophasian'us  (ornithology),  IX.  480,  2  b. 
H.  Sinensis,  ib. 

Hydrophobia,  IX.  126.  Bite  of  a  rabid  dog, 

2  ab.  Symptoms  and  course  of  hydrophobia 
in  man,  127,  1  a.  Treatment,  2  a.  Symp¬ 
toms  in  the  dog,  128,  1  a. 

Hydrops  abdominal  is :  see  Dropsy,  IV.  266, 1  b. 
Hydrostatics:  see  Hydromechanics,  IX.  117. 
Hydrostatic  paradox,  IX.  115,  2  be. 
Hydrostatic  test:  see  Lungs,  X.  722,  1  a. 
Hydrosulphu'rio  Acid,  IX.  130. 

Hydrothorax :  see  Dropsy,  VI.  266,  1  a. 
Hydrijntum  :  see  Otranto. 

Hyel'aphus  (zoology),  V.  757,  1  c ;  758,  1  be. 

H.  porcinus,  ib. 

Hyge'a :  see  Hygiea. 

ITyeres  [e-yair],  town  of  France,  IX.  130. 
Isles  of,  2  a. 

Hygie'a,  goddess  of  health,  IX.  130. 

Hygiene  [hi'-je-een],  science  and  art  of  pre¬ 
serving  health,  IX.  130.  See  Bath,  II.  385, 
1  c,  Aliment,  Dietetics,  and  Gymnastics. 
Hygien'ic  medicine,  IX.  126,  1  be. 

Hygrom'eter :  see  Hygrometry,  IX.  131,  2  c. 
132,  2  b ;  Evaporation,  VI.  796,  1  c. 


H  Y  GROMETRIC 


HYSSOPUS 


403 


Eygromet'ric  tables,  IX.  132,  1  c. 

IIygeometry,  method  of  determining  amount 
of  moisture,  IX.  131. 

Ey'groscope :  see  IIygeometry,  IX.  131,  2  c, 
132,  1  a;  Evaporation,  YI.  796,  1  c. 
Eygroscop'ic  salts ,  IX.  131,  2  c. 

Hyksos  :  see  Egypt,  YI.  460,  2  ab.  Allusion 
to,  I.  377,  1  c  (Amasis). 

Ey'ladce,  family  of  batrachians,  XY.  854, 1  be- 
Hyl.eosau'rus,  extinct  reptile,  IX.  133  (ill.). 
Hylas,  mythical,  IX.  134. 

Eylat'omus  pilea'tus  (ornithology),  XYI.  709, 
2  c. 

Eyla  versicolor ,  batrachian,  XY.  854,  2  a  (ill.). 

H.  viridis  and  H.  arborea,  2  c. 

Ey'le ,  matter,  YIII.  53,  1  a ;  XI.  107,  2  b. 
Eylob'ates  (zoology),  VII.  796,  1  b  (ill.).  H. 

lar,  H.  agilis,  H.  leuciscus,  2  a. 

Eyllus ,  Dionysiac  bull  of,  YII.  663,  2  b. 
Eylo'bius  pa'les  (entomology),  XYI.  536,  1  c. 
Eylozo'ism,  in  philosophy,  XIII.  432,  2  b. 
Hymen,  god  of  marriage,  IX.  134. 

Eymena'a  cour'baril  (botany),  I.  527,  1  c. 
Eymene'al  songs,  IX.  134,  1  c. 

Eymenium,  in  fungi,  YII.  532, 1  b ;  XYI.  13,  2  a. 
Eymenomyce'tes ,  order  of  fungi,  YII.  533,  2  b. 
Eymenophyl'lum  (botany),  YII.  150,  2  b. 
Hymenop'tera,  suborder  of  insects,  IX.  134. 
Hymet'tus,  mountain  range  of  Attica,  IX.  134. 

Honey  of  Hymettus,  2  a. 

Hyoscy'amus  (botany)  :  see  Henbane,  YIII. 

634,  2  b.  H.  niger,  2  c  (ill.). 

Hypa'tia,  Neo-Platonic  philosopher,  IX.  134. 
Eypatius,  proclaimed  emperor,  IX.  727,  2  b. 

“  Eyp- Doctor,'1'1  a  journal,  YIII.  637,  2  b. 
Eype'na  (entomology),  XI.  870,  1  b. 
Eyperoe'mia,  III.  196,  1  c;  Y.  239,  1  c. 
Eypermthe'sia,  III.  200,  2  a. 

Hyper'bola,  in  geometry,  IX.  134. 
Hyperbo'reans,  IX.  135.  See  Ethnology. 
Eyperdu'lia,  worship  paid  to  the  Yirgin  Mary, 
XI.  217,  2  a. 

Hyperides  [hi-per-i'-deez],  Attic  orator,  IX. 
135. 

Eyperi'on  [commonly,  Hype'rionl,  mentioned, 
XV.  771,  1  b;  YIII.  619,  2  b. 

Eyperion ,  satellite  of  Saturn,  discovery  of,  XII. 
567,  1  a. 

Eypermetro'pia,  abnormal  condition  of  the  eyes, 
XY.  237,  1  b. 

Eypermnes'tra,  in  Greek  legend,  Y.  662,  1  b. 
Eypero'ddon,  bottle-nosed  whale,  XYI.  581,  2  c. 
Eyperosto' sis,  a  form  of  exostosis,  YII.  32,  1  a. 
Eypersthene  rock:  see  Trap,  XY.  847,  1  c. 


IIyper'tropiiy,  abnormal  growth,  IX.  135; 

III.  196,  2  b;  YIII.  563,  2  be,  564,  1  c. 
Eyphce'ne  Theba'ica  (botany),  XIII.  20, 1  b  (ill.). 
Hyph'asis,  river:  see  Beas  ;  Punjaub,  XIV. 

92,  1  c ;  and  Sutlej,  XY.  495,  1  b. 
Eyphomyce'tes,  order  of  fungi,  YII.  532,  1  c. 
Eypnotism :  see  Animal  Magnetism,  I.  527, 1  b. 
Eypochloric  acid,  dangerous  character  of,  YII. 
38,  2  b. 

Eypochlo' rites  (chemistry),  IY.  502,  1  b. 
Eypochon' dria,  in  anatomy,  I.  15,  1  c. 
EypocTiondria,  disease :  see  Hypochondriasis. 
Hypociiondri'asis,  disease,  IX.  136. 
Eypochtlion :  see  Proteus  (reptile). 
Eypoconcha  (crustacea),  Y.  451,  1  b. 
Eypocotyledones  [hl-po-ko-te-led'-o-neez] :  see 
Vertebrata,  XYI.  325,  1  b. 

Eypodermia  bovis  (entomology),  (ill.),  YI.  128, 
1  b. 

Eypogastrium  (anatomy),  1. 15,  2  a  (Abdomen). 
Eypoge'a,  in  Egyptian  architecture,  I.  653,  2  c. 
Eyponi'tric  acid ,  XII.  467,  2  c. 
Hypophosphites,  IX.  137 ;  XIII.  466,  1  c. 
Eypophosphorous  acid ,  XIII.  466,  1  b. 
Eypostatical  union,  in  theology,  XII.  240,  2  ab. 
Hyposulphates  and  Hyposulphites,  IX.  137. 
Hyposulphite  of  soda,  2  a.  Hyposulphite  of 
lime,  X.  478,  2  b. 

Eyposul' pho-indigot' ic  acid ,  IX.  251,  1  c. 
Eypothallus,  of  lichen,  X.  409,  1  ab. 
Hypothecation,  in  law,  IX.  138. 

Eypotr ache' Hum,  in  architecture,  I.  656,  1  c. 
Eypotrior'chis  (ornithology),  XI.  409,  2  b.  H. 
sesalon,  ib.  (ill.).  H.  columbarius,  XIII.  508, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Eypomtellians :  see  Vertebrata,  XYI.  325, 1  b. 
Eypozo'ic  rocks :  see  Gneiss,  YIII.  52,  1  a. 
Eypsiprym’nus  (zoology),  IX.  744,  2  b. 
Eypudce'us  arva'lis  (zoology),  XI.  312,  1  a  (ill.). 

H.  amphibius  and  H.  ceconomus,  ib. 

Hyrax,  genus  of  animals,  IX.  138;  I.  45,  1  b. 
H.  Syriacus,  IX.  138,  1  c.  H.  Capensis,  2 
ab  (ill.). 

Hyrcania,  ancient  country  of  Asia,  IX.  138. 
Eyrcanian  sea  (Caspian),  IX.  138,  2  b. 
Hyrcanus,  John,  Jewish  high  priest,  IX.  138; 
II.  18,  1  a.  Hyrcanus  II.,  tributary  prince, 
IX.  139,  1  a. 

Hyrtl,  Joseph  [heert’l],  Austrian  anatomist, 
IX.  139.  His  anatomical  preparations,  1  c. 
Eyson:  see  Tea,  XV.  600,  2  a.  Young  hyson, 
ib. ;  hyson  skin,  ib. 

Hys'sop  [also  hl'-sup],  plant,  IX.  139. 

Eys'sopus  officina'lis  (botany),  IX.  139,  2  a. 


40L 


HYSTERIA 


ICHNOLITES 


Hyste'ria,  disease,  IX.  139. 

Hystricina  [his-tris'-e-na],  (zoology),  XIII.  715, 
2  c;  717,  1  c. 


Hystrix  (zoology),  XIII.  717,  1  c.  II.  cristata, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Hythe  [hltf^e],  town  of  England,  IX.  140. 


I 


I,  a  letter,  IX.  140.  Derivation,  1  c.  Sound, 
141,  la.  In  Latin  abbreviations,  1  c.  As 
a  numeral,  ib.  In  music,  ib. 

/,  island :  see  Iona. 

Iamblichus  [e-am'-ble-kus],  Neo-Platonic  phi¬ 
losopher,  IX.  141.  See  Neo-Platonism. 
Iaones  [e-a'-o-neez] :  see  Ionians. 
latro-mathematical  school ,  in  medicine,  XI. 
350,  2  a. 

Ibarra  [e-bar'-ra],  town  of  Ecuador,  IX.  141. 
Jberd  [e-ba-ra'j,  lake  of  the  Argentine  Repub¬ 
lic,  Y.  382,  1  be. 

Ibe'ri ,  primitive  people  of  Spain,  II.  367,  1  c. 
Iberia,  ancient  name  of  Spain,  IX.  141.  See 
Celtiberians,  Basques,  and  Spain,  XV. 
210,  1  a.  Of  Georgia  in  Asia,  142,  1  a. 
Iberia,  parish  of  Louisiana,  IX.  142. 

Iberic  sea ,  part  of  the  Mediterranean,  XI. 
353,  2  c. 

Iberus  :  see  Ebro. 

Iberville,  parish  of  Louisiana,  IX.  142. 
Iberville,  county  of  Canada,  IX.  142. 
Iberville,  Pierre  le  Moyne,  sieur  d’  [de-bair- 
veel],  founder  of  Louisiana,  IX.  142. 

Ibex,  animal,  IX.  142  (ill.,  143).  See  Goat. 
Ibicui  [e-be-kwe'J,  river  of  Brazil,  IX.  143. 
Ibis,  bird,  IX.  143.  Scarlet  ibis  (I.  rubra),  2  b 
(ill.) ;  white  (I.  alba),  2  c ;  glossy,  144,  1  b  ; 
green,  ib. ;  sacred,  1  c  (ill.). 

Ibn :  see  Ben,  and  XII.  128,  1  a. 

Ibn  al-Ahmar ,  Moorish  prince,  I.  310,  1  a. 

Ibn  Batuta  :  see  Batbta. 

Ibn  Roshd  :  see  Averroes. 

Ibn  Sina  [se'-na] :  see  Avicenna. 

Ibn  Tophail  [to-file'J :  see  Philosophy,  XIII. 
439,  2  c. 

Ibrahil  [e-bra-heel'] :  see  Braila. 

Ibrahim ,  dey  of  Algiers,  alluded  to,  I.  305,  2  c. 
Ibrahim  Pasiia  [e-bra-heem'  pa-sha'J,  Egyptian 
viceroy,  IX.  144.  See  Meiiemet  Ali,  XI. 
362,  1  a.  His  victory  over  the  Turks,  I. 
216,  2  be.  Ilis  expedition  against  the  Dru¬ 
ses,  YI.  275,  2  a. 

Ibeaila  [e-bri'-la] :  see  Braila. 

Ib'ycus,  Greek  poet,  IX.  145. 

Ica  [e'-ka],  town  of  Peru,  IX.  145. 


Icarians ,  communistic  society,  III.  524,  2  c, 
525,  1  a;  XII.  178,  1  a;  XY.  140,  2  a. 
Ic'arus  :  see  Daedalus,  Y.  630,  2  b. 

Icau’na ,  river:  see  Yonne,  XYI.  787,  1  be. 
Ice,  IX.  146.  Regelation  of,  2  c.  Ice  trade, 
147,  1  ab;  beginning  of  foreign  trade  in, 

1  be,  III.  121,  2  b.  Methods  of  gathering 
and  storing,  IX.  148,  1  ab. — Determination 
of  specific  heat  by  fusion  of,  VIII.  573,  2  be  ; 
ice-block  calorimeter,  ib.  (ill.).  Nature  of, 
in  large  bodies,  VII.  830,  1  a.  Artificial 
production  of,  I.  222,  1  b.  Brash  ice,  XIII. 
653,  2  c ;  drift  ice,  ib. ;  ice  belt  or  ice  foot, 
ib. ;  ice  blink,  ib. 

Icebergs  and  Ice  Islands,  IX.  148.  Iceberg 
theory  (of  drift)  first  formulated,  YI.  112, 

2  b.  Lyell’s  theory,  2  c.  Glacial  theory  of 
Agassiz,  113,  1  ab.  See  Arctic  Discovery. 

Ice  chapel:  see  Berchtesgaden,  II.  550,  1  c. 
Iceland,  IX.  149.  Coast,  2  be.  Geology,  2  c. 
Topography,  150,  1  a.  Lakes,  1  c.  Rivers, 
2  a.  Climate,  2  ab.  Soil  and  productions, 
2  c.  Fauna,  151,  1  b.  Minerals,  1  c.  In¬ 
habitants,  2  ab.  Industries,  152, 1  a.  Com¬ 
merce,  1  c.  Education,  2  a.  Government, 
2  b.  Religion,  2  c.  History,  153,  1  b. 
Iceland,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IX.  154. 
Earliest  monument  of  Icelandic  literature, 
153,  1  c. 

Iceland  Moss,  IX.  156  (ill.,  157).  Native  use 
of,  157,  1  b ;  X.  410,  2  c. 

Iceland  spar ,  X.  441,  2  a;  442,  1  b;  446,  2  c; 
448,  2  b,  c  ;  449,  1  b.  Origin  of  the  name, 
III.  567,  2  b. 

Iceni  [i-se'-ni],  British  tribe,  II.  763,  2  ab. 

Ice  pitchers ,  metallic ,  lead  in,  X.  249,  1  b. 

Ice  Plant,  IX.  157. 

Ich  dien  [ich  deen],  motto :  see  Edw^ard,  VI( 
439,  1  c,  and  Crecy,  Y.  470,  2  a. 
Ichneu'mon,  animal,  IX.  157  (ill.).  Destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  crocodile’s  eggs  by  it,  Y.  497,  1  a. 
Ichneumon ,  parasitic  insect,  YI.  698,  1  ab. 
Ichneumon  Fly,  IX.  158  (ill.).  See  Wasp,  XYI. 
493,  2  b. 

Ichnolites  [ik'-no-lites]:  see  Fossil  Footprints, 
and  IX.  158,  2  c. 


ICnNOLOGY 


ILEX 


405 


Iciinol'ogy,  IX.  158.  See  Fossil  Footprints, 
and  Hitchcock,  Edward. 

Ichnusa ,  island :  see  Sardinia. 

Ichthyocolla  (isinglass),  IX.  426,  2  be. 
IciiTnyoL'oGY,  science  of  fishes,  IX.  158. 
Early  systems  of  classification,  2  c ;  modern, 
159,  1  b,  ff.  Fossil  ichthyology,  162,  1  c. 
Ichthyop'sida :  see  Sauropsida,  XIV.  643,  2  c. 
Ichthyornithes  [ik-the-or'-ne-thez],  fossil  birds, 
XI.  197,  2  c. 

Ichthyosau'rus,  fossil  reptile,  IX.  162  (ill., 
163).  Length  of,  VI.  589,  1  c. 
Ichthyosaurians ,  VI.  589,  1  be. 

Ichu  [e-choo'],  a  grass  in  Peru,  IX.  24,  1  b. 
Icilius,  Quintus :  see  Guischard. 
I-Columb-Kill  (Icolmkill),  V.  115,  1  a. 
Icolmkill  [ik-um-kil'] :  see  Iona. 

Ico'nium  :  see  Konieh. 

Icon'oclasm :  see  Iconoclasts. 

Iconoclasts,  IX.  163  ;  X.  350,  1  c ;  III.  515, 
1  b,  c.  In  the  Netherlands,  IX.  164,  2  c. 
Icte'ria  (ornithology),  IV.  332,  1  be.  I.  viri- 
dis,  ib.  I.  longicauda,  1  c. 

Ic'terus  vulga'ris  (ornithology),  XVI.  6,  1  b 
(ill.).  I.  spurius,  2  a. 

Ictinia  Mississip iensis  (ornithology),  X.  20,  1  c. 
Icti'nus,  Greek  architect,  IX.  165 ;  II.  56,  1  b. 
Ida,  county,  IX.  165. 

Ida,  mountain  range  of  Mysia,  IX.  165.  A 
mountain  of  Crete,  2  be. 

Idacius,  or  Ithacius ,  Spanish  bishop,  instiga¬ 
tor  of  the  first  legal  execution  for  heresy, 
IX.  293,  1  c;  XIV.  6,  1  a. 

I'daho,  territory,  IX.  165.  Population,  166, 

1  a.  Surface,  1  c.  Kivers,  2  a.  Minerals, 
167,  1  ab.  Climate,  2  a.  Soil  and  produc¬ 
tions,  2  b.  Manufactures,  168,  1  b.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  &c.,  1  c.  History,  2  be. 

Idaho,  county,  IX.  168. 

Idaho  City,  county  seat,  II.  796,  2  c. 

Idal  Khan,  prince  of  Goa,  I.  258,  2  b,  c. 
Ideler,  Christian  Ludwig  [e'-deh-ler],  German 
mathematician,  IX.  169. 

Identity ,  in  philosophy,  XIII.  442,  1  c,  2  a ; 

XIV.  667,  2  c  (Schelling). 

Ides,  in  Roman  calendar,  IX.  169  ;  III.  579,  1  a. 
Idiocy,  IX.  169.  Definition  of,  1  c.  Classi¬ 
fication  of,  2  ab.  Causes  of,  170,  1  c.  Ef¬ 
forts  for  the  instruction  of  idiots,  2  a,  ff. 
Number  of,  175,  1  be.  Legal  definition  of, 

2  be.  Legal  status  of :  see  Lunacy. 

Idiotcy :  see  Idiocy. 

Idleicild ,  residence  of  N.  P.  Willis,  V.  369,  2  c. 
Id'ocrase,  mineral,  IX.  176. 


Idria,  town  of  Austria,  IX.  176.  Quicksilver 
mines  of,  1  c;  XI.  401,  1  a. 

Iduimle'a  :  see  Edom. 

Iduna  [e-doo'-na],  in  Norse  mythology,  XII. 
120,  1  b. 

Idyia  [e-di'-ya],  acaleph,  V.  543,  1  be. 

Ierne  [i-er'-ne],  (Ireland),  VII.  552,  1  b. 
lernis  (Ireland),  IX.  355,  2  b. 

Iesi  [ya'-ze] :  see  Jesi. 

Iffland,  August  Wilhelm  [ifi-lant],  German 
dramatist,  IX.  176. 

Igarapes  [e-ga-ra-pace']:  see  Amazon,  1. 379,  2  c. 
Igerne,  mother  of  King  Arthur,  I.  781,  1  b. 
Iglulih,  Indians,  VI.  729,  2  b. 

Iglau  [ig'-low],  town  of  Moravia,  IX.  176. 
lGLESiAs[e-gla/-ze-as],town  of  Sardinia,  IX.  176. 
Iglesias  de  la  Casa,  Josef  [e-gla'-se-as  da  la 
ka'-sa],  Spanish  poet,  IX.  176. 

Ignatius,  Saint,  of  Antioch,  IX.  177. 

Ignatius,  Saint,  patriarch  of  Constantinople, 
IX.  177. 

Ignatius  de  Loyola ,  Saint :  see  Loyola.  Cave 
of,  XI.  121,  2  ab. 

Ignatius  Bean  :  see  Nux  V omica,  XII.  546,  2  b. 
Ignatius  of  St.  Paul,  Father :  see  Spencer, 
George. 

Igniarius  (fungus),  VII.  531,  1  b. 

Ig'nis  Fat'uus,  IX.  177 ;  VII.  65,  1  a. 

“  Ignoramus ,”  in  law,  IX.  723,  2  b. 

Ignoratio  elenchi,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  a. 
Ignoring  a  bill :  see  Jury,  IX.  723,  2  b. 
Iguala,  plan  of  [e-gwa'-la],  IX.  472,  1  ab. 
Igualada  [e-gwa-la'-^a],  Spain,  IX.  178. 
Iguana  [e-gwa'-na],  lizard,  IX.  178.  Common, 
2  a  (ill.).  Common  agama,  179,  1  a  (ill,). 
See  VII.  619,  2  c;  VIII.  304,  2  c. 
Iguanodon,  fossil  reptile,  IX.  179  (ill.). 
Iguvine  inscription,  IX.  440,  1  ab. 

Iguvium ,  town  :  see  Gubbio. 

I  hollandais  [e  ul-lang-da],  a  name  of  the  letter 
J,  IX.  479,  1  c. 

Ihre,  Johan  [e'-reh], Swedish  philologist, IX. 179. 
lie  Marvel,  pseud ony me,  XI.  678,  1  a. 

IJcshides ,  Turkish  dynasty,  XVI.  69,  1  b. 

II,  El,  in  Babylonian  mythology,  XII.  117, 1  b. 
Ildefonso,  treaty  of,  XIII.  521,  1  be. 

Ildico,  bride  of  Attila,  II.  95,  2  c. 

Ilerda ,  ancient  town  :  see  Lerida. 

Ileo-ccecal  valve,  I.  318,  2  c. 

Ileo -pectineal  eminence ,  XIII.  241,  2  a. 

IVeum,  in  anatomy,  IX.  323,  2  b. 

Ilex  (botany),  VIII.  768,  1  b.  I.  opaca,  ib. 
(ill.).  I.  aquifolium,  2  be  (ill.).  L  cassine, 
XVI.  773,  1  b  (ill.) ;  XI.  274,  1  a.  I.  verti- 


m 


ILI 


INARIME 


cillata,  XVI.  673,  2  c  (ill.,  674).  I.  laevigata, 

1  b.  I.  Paraguayensis,  XI.  273,  1  c  (ill.). 

Ili  [e-le'],  river  of  central  Asia,  IX.  179. 

Ill ,  town :  see  Kulja,  X.  61,  1  be. 

Iliad  :  see  Homer,  VIII.  778,  2  c. 

Ilians ,  village  of  the :  see  Tkoy,  XVI.  10,  1  a. 
IV id ,  ancient  town  :  see  Elche. 

Ilinissa :  see  Iliniza. 

Iliniza,  Pyramids  of  [e-le-ne'-sa],  mountain 
peaks  of  S.  America,  IX.  179. 

Il'ion,  village  of  New  York,  IX.  180. 

Ilis'sus,  river  of  Attica,  IX.  180 ;  II.  94,  1  c. 

Present  appearance,  IX.  180,  1  b. 

Hithyia  [il-e-tbi'-ya] :  see  Lucina. 

Ilium  :  see  Tkoy,  and  XIII.  240,  2  c.  Old  and 
New  Ilium,  XVI.  10,  1  a,  2  a. 

Iliyats  [e-le-yats'J,  nomadic  people  of  Persia, 
&c.,  IX.  180. 

Ii/keston,  town  of  England,  IX.  180. 
Ille-et-Vllaine  [eel-a-ve-lain],  department  of 
France,  IX.  180. 

Illiger  [il'-le-gher],  (Johann  Karl  Wilhelm, 
1775-1813,  professor  at  Berlin),  classification 
of  insects  by,  VI.  660,  1  ab ;  of  birds,  XII. 
705,  2  a. 

Illimani  [e-lye-ma'-ne],  mountain  of  Bolivia, 
III.  12,  2  b ;  X.  159,  1  ab. 

Illinissa :  see  Iliniza. 

Illinois',  tribe  of  Indians,  IX.  180.  Gram¬ 
mar  of  the,  VIII.  175,  2  a. 

Illinois  [il-le-noice',  formerly  -noi'J,  state,  IX. 
181.  State  seal  (ill.).  Population,  182,  1  a. 
Topography,  2  c.  Rivers,  183,  1  a.  Natu¬ 
ral  curiosities,  1  be.  Geology  and  minerals, 

2  a.  Soils,  2  c.  Fauna  and  flora,  184,  1  ab. 
Climate,  1  b.  Agriculture,  1  c.  Manufac¬ 
tures,  2  c.  Commerce,  186,  1  a.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  a.  Government,  188,  1  a. 
Public  institutions,  189,  1  a.  Education, 
2  c.  Libraries,  &c.,  191,  1  b.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  2  b.  History,  192,  1  a. 

Illinois,  river,  IX.  193. 

Ill-Sassen,  inhabitants  of  Alsace,  I.  355,  2  c. 
Illuminati,  mystical  associations,  IX.  193. 
Illumination :  see  Miniature  Painting. 
Illyr'ia,  ancient,  IX.  193.  Modern,  194,  1  c. 
Illy rico- Servian  language ,  XIV.  783,  1  b. 
Illyricum :  see  Illyria. 

Illyris:  see  Illyria. 

Ilmen ,  lake,  Russia,  XII.  526,  2  c. 

Ilmenite ,  mineral,  XV.  770,  2  c;  IX.  407,  1  a. 
Ilopango  [e-lo-pang'-go],  lake,  Central  Ameri¬ 
ca,  IX.  194. 

Ilva  (Elba),  island,  VI.  492,  2  c. 


Image  Worship  :  see  Iconoclasts,  and  Irene. 
Abolished  in  England  under  Edward  VI., 
VI.  438,  1  be. 

Imam  [e-mam'J,  Turkish  title,  III.  536,  1  b. 

Imam  of  Muscat ,  so  styled,  XII.  625,  2  a. 

Imams ,  descendants  of  Ali,  VII.  94,  1  c. 

T yanov,  Greek  article  of  dress,  IV.  499,  1  a. 

Imbecility :  see  Idiocy,  IX.  170,  1  c. 

Imbert,  Barthelemi  [ang-bair],  poet,  IX.  194. 

Imbrinium ,  victory  of,  XIII.  55,  1  c. 

Imhoff.  Baroness :  see  Hastings,  Warren,  VIII. 
509,  1  be. 

Imi  [e-me'],  Japanese  mourning,  XII.  13,  1  c. 

Immaculate  Conception  (of  the  Virgin  Mary), 
IX.  194.  Military  orders  of  the  Conception, 
195,  2  c. 

Immanuel :  see  Emmanuel. 

Immermann,  Karl  Lebrecht  [im'-mer-miin], 
German  author,  IX.  196. 

Immersion ,  as  baptism,  II.  290,  2  a,  ff.  Trine 
immersion,  ib. 

Immersion  system ,  in  microscopes,  XI.  517,  1  c. 

Immortals ,  the ,  Persian  guards,  I.  737,  2  c. 

Immortelles,  unwithering  flowers,  IX.  196 
(ills.). 

Imola  [e'-mo-la],  town  of  Italy,  IX.  197. 

Imola,  Innocenzio  da,  Italian  painter,  IX.  197. 

Imosharh ,  the ,  people  of  N.  Africa,  X.  406, 1  b. 

Im'pact  of  solids ,  phenomena  of,  VI.  490,  1  b. 
Coefficient  of,  1  c.  Momentum  and  impact, 
XI.  318,  1  c. 

Impaling ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  c. 

Impanation ,  in  theology,  X.  638,  2  c, 

Impanelling  of  a  jury,  IX.  724,  1  ab. 

Impatiens  (botany),  II.  247,  2  c.  I.  hortensis, 
248,  1  b  (ill.). 

Impeachment,  for  state  offences,  IX.  197. 

Imperial ,  beverage,  V.  469,  1  c. 

Imperial  recess,  of  a  diet,  VI.  100,  1  b. 

Imphee  :  see  Sorgum,  XV.  170,  1  b. 

Impoofoo  (eland),  VI.  486,  1  c. 

Imposed ,  in  printing,  XIII.  850,  1  a. 

Im'post:  see  Excise,  VII.  23,  1  c. 

Impost  of  an  arch,  I.  641,  2  b. 

Imprisonment  for  debt,  origin  of  in  England, 
I.  78,  1  c  ;  in  France,  ib.  See  Debtor  and 
Creditor. 

Impulse  of  the  heart,  VIII.  559,  1  a. 

Imrhads,  people  of  N.  Africa,  X.  406,  1  b. 

iN'Acnus,  mythical  king,  IX.  198;  326,  2  a. 

Inanga ,  fish,  XII.  411,  1  a. 

Inarching ,  in  grafting,  VIII.  141,  1  c. 

Inari  [e-na'-re],  Japanese  deity,  IX.  539,  2  a. 

Inarime  [e-nar'-e-me] :  see  Ischia. 


IXARUS 


INDIAN 


407 


In'arus ,  revolt  of,  I.  G3,  1  c ;  773,  1  b. 

Incarnation ,  in  Brahmanism,  IX.  228,  1  c. 

Incarnation  of  Christ ,  IV.  531,  2  a. 

Incas:  see  Peru,  XIII.  341,  2  a;  Quichuas; 
and  America,  I.  392,  2  a.  Inca  art,  I.  400, 
2  a.  Inca’s  road,  V.  G03,  1  c. 

Incense:  see  Frankincense.  Substance  used 
as  incense,  II.  545,  2  be. 

Incest,  in  law,  IX.  198. 

iNcnB ald,  Elizabeth, English  dramatist,  IX.  1 98. 

Inch  Cape  RocTc ,  I.  638,  2  c. 

Incidence ,  angle  of  in  catoptrics,  XII.  654,  2  a 
(ills.)  ;  in  dioptrics,  657,  2  b  (ills.). 

Incledon,  Benjamin  Charles,  Englisli  singer, 
IX.  198. 

Inclined  plane,  in  mechanics,  XI.  317,  1  a  and 
c  ;  328,  2  a  (ill.). 

In  Ccena  Domini ,  papal  bull,  III.  424,  2  a;  IX. 
688,  1  ab. 

Incubation ,  artificial ,  IV.  782,  1  c. 

Incubo :  see  Fairies,  VII.  63,  2  b. 

Incubus:  see  Nightmare. 

Inculisma :  see  Angouleme,  town. 

Incunab'ula,  in  bibliography,  IX.  198. 

Incus ,  bone  of  the  ear,  VI.  351,  1  c. 

Indented  line ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  a  (ill.). 

Indenture ,  of  conveyance,  V.  754,  1  c;  of  ap¬ 
prenticeship,  I.  604,  1  c,  ff. 

Independence,  county,  IX.  198. 

Independence,  town  of  Texas,  IX.  199.  City 
of  Iowa,  1  a.  City  of  Missouri,  1  b. 

Independence ,  county  seats,  VIII.  181,  2  c;  IX. 
326,  1  c;  XI.  787,  2  c. 

u Independent  Gazettef  first  daily  journal  in 
the  United  States,  I.  138,  1  c. 

Independents,  Protestant  sect,  IX.  199.  See 
Brown,  Robert,  III.  342,  2  ab,  and  Congre¬ 
gationalism.  Influence  in  the  state  and  in 
the  parliamentary  army,  V.  502,  2  a. 

Independent  Tartary :  see  Turkistan,  XVI.  66, 
1  c. 

Independent  treasury  system ,  XIII.  681,  1  a; 
XVI.  254,  2  a,  ab;  164,  2  c. 

Index  Librorum,  Roman  Catholic  catalogue  of 
censured  books,  IX.  199;  IV.  191,  2  c. 

India,  IX.  200.  (Map.)  General  description, 
1  c.  Political  divisions,  201,  2  b.  Govern¬ 
ment,  2  c.  Rivers  and  lakes,  202,  2  b.  Cli¬ 
mate,  2  c.  Soil,  203,  1  a.  Minerals,  1  b. 
Flora,  2  a.  Fauna,  2  c.  Social  condition, 
204,  1  c.  Fine  arts,  2  be.  Cities,  205,  1  a. 
Intercommunication,  1  b.  Manufactures  and 
commerce,  2  a.  Finances,  2  c.  Education, 
206,  1  c. — History,  2  b.  Tartar  invasion, 


208,  1  b.  Mogul  emperors,  1  c.  Persian  in¬ 
vasion,  209,  1  c.  Portuguese  empire  in  In¬ 
dia,  2  b.  English  East  India  company  estab¬ 
lished,  2  be.  War  between  the  English  and 
French  in  India,  2  c.  Wars  with  the  native 
princes,  210,  1  a.  Sepoy  revolt,  211,  1  b. 
Transfer  of  the  government  to  the  British 
crown,  212,  2  b.  Queen  Victoria  made  em¬ 
press  of,  XVI.  347,  2  c. 

India,  Races  and  Languages  of,  IX.  213.  Races, 

1  c.  Languages,  216,  2  a;  graphic  systems, 
217,  1  a  (ills.).  Dravidian  Languages,  219. 

2  b ;  graphic  systems,  220,  1  ab  (ills.). 

India,  Religions  and  Religious  Literature  of, 

IX.  222.  First  period,  1  c.  Vedic  litera¬ 
ture,  ib.  Vedic  gods,  demons,  &c.,  223,  2  a. 
The  creation,  225, 1  a.  Vedic  worship,  1  be. 
— Second  period,  2  b.  Brahmanical  system 
of  castes,  2  c.  Brahmanism,  226, 1  b.  Brah- 
manic  gods, '  ib. ;  228,  1  c,  2  be ;  229,  1  a ; 
230,  2  b.  Doctrine  of  transmigration,  226, 
2  b ;  227,  1  c.  Pollutions,  1  a.  Sacrifice, 

1  be.  Asceticism,  1  c.  Hindoo  philosophy, 

2  ab ;  229,  1  a.  Incarnations  of  the  gods, 
228,  1  c;  229,  2  a.  The  Puranas,  228,  2  be. 
Brahmanical  sects,  2  c.  Modern  religious 
works,  229,  1  c.  Idea  of  the  trinity,  2  a. 
Distinctions  of  caste,  227,  1  a;  230,  2  b. 
Modern  religious  sects,  231,  1  ab. 

India  beyond  the  Ganges  :  see  Indo-China. 
India  (  Chinese )  ink :  see  China,  IV.  445,  2  c ; 
Ink,  IX.  282,  1  c.  A  better  preparation  of 
it,  283,  2  c.  True  India  ink,  XI.  723,  2  a. 
India  library ,  London,  604,  2  b. 

Indiana,  state,  IX.  231.  Seal  (ill.).  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Topography,  232,  2  ab.  Rivers, 
233,  1  ab.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  a. 
Climate,  234,  1  c.  Soil  and  productions,  ib. 
Agriculture,  2  ab.  Commerce,  235,  1  a. 
Intercommunication,  2  a.  Manufactures, 
236,  1  a.  Government,  1  b.  Finances,  237, 

1  ab.  Public  institutions,  1  be.  Education, 

2  c.  Libraries,  &c.,  238,  2  c.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  239,  1  a.  History,  1  b. 

Indiana,  county.  IX.  240. 

Indiana ,  county  seat,  IX.  240,  1  c. 
Indianap'olis,  capital  of  Indiana,  IX.  240. 

State  house,  2  c  (ill.). 

Indian  apple ,  plant,  XIII.  633,  1  c. 

Indian  Archipelago,  IX.  242.  Line  of  sepa¬ 
ration  between  Indian  and  Australian  zool* 
ogy,  243,  1  ab. 

Indian  balm ,  plant,  XV.  867,  1  ab. 

Indian  Bean  :  see  Catalpa. 


4:08 


INDIAN 


INDUSTRIAL 


Indian  Bible ,  Eliot’s,  VI.  528,  2  a;  I.  309,  1  a. 
Indian  bread :  see  Tuckahoe. 

Indian  Cau' casus :  see  Hindoo  Koosh. 

Indian  Corn  :  see  Maize. 

Indian  Cress  :  see  Nasturtium. 

Indian  Cucumber,  plant,  IX.  243  (ill.). 

Indian  currant,  shrub,  XV.  136,  2  a. 

Indian  Dye  :  see  Puccoon. 

Indian  Fig:  see  Cactus,  III.  534,  2  a. 

Indian  ginger ,  plant,  XV.  130,  2  c. 

Indian  grass:  see  Sorghum,  XV.  169,  2  c. 
Indian  Hemp,  variety  of  hemp,  IX.  243 ;  VIII. 

632,  2  c.  American  herb,  IX.  243,  2  c  (ill.). 
Indian  hills ,  tumuli  in  Honduras,  VIII.  792, 1  a. 
Indian  Languages,  American :  see  American 
Indians,  Languages  of  the. 

Indian  loaf:  see  Tuckahoe. 

Indian  millet:  see  Sorghum,  XV.  170,  1  a. 
Indian  Ocean,  IX.  244.  Currents,  2  a.  Mon¬ 
soon,  2  b.  Trade  wind,  2  c. 

Indiano'la,  town  of  Texas,  IX.  245. 

Indianola ,  county  seat,  XVI.  461,  1  c. 

Indian  paint,  plant,  XIV.  65,  2  b. 

Indian  picture  writing :  see  Hieroglyphics, 
VIII.  719,  1  a  (ills.). 

Indian  Poke  :  see  Hellebore,  VIII.  621,  2  c. 
Indian  red  (ochre),  XII.  574,  1  b. 

Indians  :  see  American  Indians. 

Indian's  Head ,  mountain  peak,  V.  399,  2  b. 
Indian  Shot,  plant,  IX.  245  (ill.). 

Indian  Spring,  treaty  of,  V.  472,  1  b,  be. 
Indian  Territory,  United  States,  IX.  246. 

British  America,  XII.  504, 1  a, 

Indian  tin:  see  Zinc,  XVI.  819,  2  a. 

Indian  Tobacco  :  see  Lobelia. 

Indian  turnip,  plant:  see  Wake-Robin. 

India  Rubber  :  see  Caoutchouc. 

India  paper,  XII.  30,  1  a. 

Indican ,  basis  of  indigo,  VI.  341,  1  be;  IX. 
251,  2  a. 

Indicator  (ornithology),  VIII.  794,  2  c. 
Indic'olite  (mineral),  XV.  823,  1  be. 
Indictment,  in  law,  IX.  248. 

Tndicum,  indigo,  IX.  249,  1  c. 

Indies ,  apostle  of  the :  see  Xavier,  St.  Francis. 
Indies,  East:  see  East  Indies,  and  India. 
Indies,  West :  see  Antilles,  and  West  Indies. 
Indigo,  IX.  249  (ill.).  Use  in  dyeing,  2  a :  see 
Dyeing,  VI.  341,  1  be. 

Indigo  Bird,  IX.  251  (ill.). 

Indigo  blue,  IX.  250,  2  c. 

Indigof'era  (botany),  IX.  249,  2  c.  I.  tinctoria, 
250,  1  a  (ill.,  249),  &c. 

In' digogene,  soluble  indigo,  VI.  341,  1  b. 


Indigot'ic  acid ,  I.  509,  2  a. 

Indigotine  [in'-d e-go-tin],  oxidized  indigo,  VI. 
341, 1  ab. 

Indium,  metal,  IX.  251. 

Indo-China,  IX.  252 ;  VI.  378,  2  b. 

Indo-Chinese  Races  and  Languages,  IX.  252. 

Indo-European,  as  equivalent  of  Japhetic,  IX. 
567,  1  a,  ab ;  1.  799,  1  c. 

Indo-European  Races  and  Languages:  see 
Aryan  Race  and  Language;  Germanic 
Races  and  Languages  ;  and  Ethnology, 
VI.  759,  2  b. 

Indo- Germanic,  or  Indo-European,  I.  799,  1  c. 

Indore',  state  of  India,  IX.  254.  Town,  2  b. 

Indorsement  :  see  Exchange,  Promissory 
Mote,  and  Negotiable  Paper.  Indorse¬ 
ment  in  blank,  VII.  22,  1  ab. 

Indra,  deity,  V.  793,  2  a ;  IX.  223,  2  ab,  224, 1  a. 

Indrapras’ tha,  Indraput',  city,  V.  780,  2  c. 

Indre  [a"Edr’J,  department  of  France,  IX.  254. 

Indre-et-Loire  [angdr’-a-lwar],  IX.  255. 

Indri  :  see  Lemur,  X.  339,  1  a. 

Induced  muscular  contraction,  I.  520,  1  b,  ff. 

Induction,  in  philosophy,  XIII.  430,  2  b.  De¬ 
fined  by  Aristotle,  X.  580,  2  a.  Bacon’s 
method,  2  ab ;  II.  204,  1  a. 

Induction ,  in  magnetism,  XI.  5,  2  be.  Electro- 
dynamic  induction,  12,  1  ab.  Induction  (or 
magneto-electric)  machines,  13,  1  a  (ills.). 

Indulgence,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church, 
IX.  255  ;  XIV.  396,  2  a.  Indulgences  under 
Leo  X.,  IX.  256,  1  a;  X.  348,  1  b;  726,  2  c: 
see  Tetzel. 

Indulgence ,  Charles  II.’s  declaration  of,  IV. 
282,  1  b;  VI.  614,  1  b.  James  II.’s,  IX. 
518,  2  a;  VI.  628,  2  a. 

Indulgence ,  bill  of,  to  legalize  the  Presbyterian 
worship :  see  Cameron,  IIP  655,  2  b. 

Induration  of  the  brain ,  IIP  202,  2  b. 

Indus,  river  of  Asia,  IX.  257. 

Indus ,  Hindoo  divinity,  IX.  224,  2  b. 

Indusium,  in  ferns,  VIP  149,  2  c. 

Industria,  ancient  city,  remains  of,  IV.  498, 2  a. 

Industrial  Exhibitions,  IX.  258.  Interna¬ 
tional  exhibition  in  Paris,  of  1844,  2  c;  of 
1855,  259,  2  c;  of  1867,  260,  2  be.  In  Lon¬ 
don,  of  1851,  258,  2  c ;  of  1862,  260,  1  b. 
In  Ireland,  259,  1  c.  In  New  York,  2  a. 
In  Vienna,  261,  2  ab.  American  centennial 
exhibition,  262,  2  a;  XIII.  393,  2  be  (ills., 
393,  394). — Local  exhibitions,  260,  1  b,  c; 
261,  1  ab.  American  institute  fairs,  262, 
1  b ;  Franklin  institute,  1  be ;  other  associa¬ 
tions,  1  c. 


INEBRIATE 


INNOCENT 


409 


Inebriate  asylum ,  New  York  state,  XII.  366, 
2  b;  XIII.  Ill,  2  b. 

Inertia ,  in  mechanics,  XI.  318,  1  b. 
Inescutcheon ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  b.  (See 
plate.) 

Ines  de  Casteo  [e'-ness  da  kas'-tro] :  see  Cas¬ 
tro. 

Infallibility  (papal),  IX.  262 ;  VIII.  800,  2  a. 
Ground  of,  IX.  263,  1  b.  Definition  of,  2  a. 
Connection  with  pontifical  supremacy,  264, 
1  ab.  Gallicanism  and  ultramontanism,  265, 
1  a.  (Ecumenical  council  of  1869,  2  ab. 
See  Old  Catholics. 

Infancy ,  period  of,  I.  180,  2  c. 

Infant,  in  law,  IX.  266. 

Infant  baptism ,  in  the  reformed  churches,  II. 
291, 1  b-c.  Views  of  some  of  the  reformers, 
I.  450,  1  be. 

Infante  [een-fan'-ta],  Spanish  title,  IX.  268. 
Infante,  Jose  Miguel,  statesman,  IX.  268. 
Infanticide ,  XI.  338,  1  be.  By  acupuncture, 

I.  79,  1  c. 

Infantry,  IX.  268.  United  States,  269,  1  b. 
Germany,  270,  1  b.  Russia,  271,  2  c.  Aus¬ 
tro-Hungarian  monarchy,  272,  2  be.  France 
and  England,  273, 1  b.  See  Army.  Mounted 
Infantry,  1  c :  see  Cavalry. 

Infant  Schools,  IX.  273.  Kindergarten,  2  b. 
Infection:  see  Contagion. 

Infernal  column ,  the,  in  the  French  army,  X. 
203,  1  b. 

Infernal  division ,  under  Boves,  III.  163,  1  a. 
Infernal  machine ,  Fieschi’s,  VII.  182,  1  a. 
Infernal  regiment ,  Chambure’s,  IV.  242,  1  ab. 
Inflammable  air :  see  Hydrogen,  IX.  Ill,  1  b. 
Inflammation,  IX.  274.  Theories  of,  2  b. 
General  process  of,  275,  1  b.  Conservative 
action  of,  277,  1  ab.  Causes  of,  1  c.  Of 
particular  organs,  2  b.  Treatment,  278,  1  a. 
Inflorescence ,  in  botany,  XIII.  484, 1  c. 
Influenza  :  see  Bronchitis,  III.  312,  1  be. 
Information,  in  law,  IX.  278. 

In  foro  interno :  see  Absolution,  I.  35,  1  b. 
In  foro  externo,  ib. 

Infusoria,  IX.  278.  See  Animalcules.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  X.  314,  1  b.  Generation  of,  XV. 
283,  1  be,  2  be. 

Ing ,  Saxon  adjunct,  meaning  of,  XII.  128,  1  a. 
Ingapilca:  see  American  Antiquities,  I.  399,1c. 
Ing'bert,  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  IX.  279. 
Ingelow,  Jean  [in'-je-lo],  English  poetess,  IX. 
279. 

Ingemann,  Bernhard  Severin  [ing'-Ch-man], 
Danish  poet,  IX.  279. 


iNGENnousz,  Johannes  [ing'-gen-house],  Dutch 
physician,  IX.  279. 

Ingermannland  :  see  Ingrians. 

Ingersoll,  town  of  Canada,  IX.  279. 
Ingersoll,  Jared,  American  lawyer,  IX.  279. 
Charles  Jared,  statesman  and  author,  2  c. 
Joseph  Reed,  lawyer  and  statesman,  280, 1  a. 
Ingham  [ing'-um],  county,  IX.  280. 

Ingham,  Charles  C.,  American  painter,  IX.  280. 
Inghirami,  Tommaso  [in-ghe-ra'-me],  Italian 
scholar,  IX.  280. 

Ingle :  see  Calvert,  III.  630,  2  c. 

Ingleby,  Clement  Mansfield,  English  author, 
IX.  280. 

Inglis ,  Frances:  see  Calderon  de  la  Barca. 
Ingoldsby ,  Thomas ,  pseudonyme,  II.  311,  1  a. 
Ingolstadt  [in'-gole-stat],  Bavaria,  IX.  280. 
Ingraham,  Duncan  Nathaniel,  American  naval 
officer,  IX.  280. 

Ingraham,  Joseph  H.,  author,  IX.  280. 

Ingres,  Jean  Dominique  Auguste  [aVgr’j, 
French  painter,  IX.  281. 

Ingria :  see  Ingrians. 

Ingrians,  tribe  of  Finns,  IX.  281. 

Ingul'phus,  English  monk,  IX.  281. 
Inhamban',  town,  IX.  281. 

“ Inheritance ,  words  off  see  Fee,  VII.  108, 
2  a. 

Initial  tension ,  in  heavy  ordnance,  theory  of, 

I.  790,  2  b. 

Injunction,  in  law,  IX.  281. 

Ink,  IX.  282.  Ancient  inks,  1  c.  Composi¬ 
tion  of  writing  inks,  283,  .1  a,  ff.  From 
Frankfort  black,  2  ab  ;  VI.  655,  2  c.  Indeli¬ 
ble,  IX.  283,  2  c ;  XII.  463,  1  a.  Sympa¬ 
thetic,  invisible,  IX.  284,  lb;  II.  667,  1  be. 
Lithographic,  IX.  284,  1  c.  Printing,  2  a. 
Inkberey,  plant,  IX.  285  (ill.). 

Inkerman,  village,  IX.  285.  Monument  (ill.). 

Battle  of,  2  b ;  III.  114,  1  a. 

Inman,  Henry,  American  painter,  IX.  285. 

Inn,  river  of  central  Europe,  IX.  285. 

Inn,  house  of  entertainment,  IX.  286.  Student 
hall  at  Oxford,  XII.  764,  1  a. 

Inner  Rhodes ,  in  Switzerland,  I.  597,  1  c. 
Inner  Temple ,  London,  IX.  289,  2  c ;  290,  1  a, 
ff.  Hall  and  library  (ill.). 

Inness,  George,  American  painter,  IX.  286. 
Innish  Ghounel ,  residence  of  the  Argyll  family, 

II.  164,  2  a. 

Innkeeper,  in  law,  IX.  286. 

Innocent,  popes.  I.,  Saint,  IX.  287.  II.,  Gre¬ 
gorio  de’  Papi  or  Papareschi,  2a;  II.  573, 
2  a.  III.,  Giovanni  Lotario  Conti,  IX.  28S\ 


410 


INNS 


INTIHUATANI 


1  a ;  293,  2  a.  XL,  Benedetto  Odescalchi, 
289,  1  b. 

Inns  of  Coukt,  London,  IX.  289  (ills.,  290). 
Innspruck  [in'-sprook],  capital  of  Tyrol,  IX. 
291  (view). 

Innuit ,  Esquimaux  tribe,  I.  242,  1  c,  392,  1  b  ; 
VI.  729,  2  b. 

I'no,  in  Greek  mythology,  IX.  292. 
Inoculation,  IX.  292 ;  XI.  768,  1  b.  For  small¬ 
pox  :  see  Dimsdale  ;  Montagu,  Lady  Mary 
Wortley,  XI.  768,  1  be  ;  Smallpox,  XV.  110, 

2  c.  Its  first  introduction  into  Boston,  III. 
127,  2  a ;  174,  2  a. 

In'osite ,  a  glucose :  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  1  a. 
Inowraclaw  [e-no-vrats'-lav],  Prussia,  IX.  292. 
In  partibus  infdelium ,  bishops ,  II.  664,  1  a. 

In  perso'nam,  action  in  law,  I.  128,  1  c. 
In'quilines  (entomology),  XII.  559,  2  be. 
Inquisition,  IX.  293.  Treatment  of  heretics 
in  the  early  church,  1  a.  The  inquisition  in 
France,  2  a,  I.  279,  2  b ;  in  Spain,  294,  1  c ; 
in  Italy,  295,  2  be,  296,  1  a ;  in  America, 
the  Netherlands,  and  Portugal,  295,  2  be  ;  in 
Germany,  296,  1  be.  Protest  against  its  in¬ 
troduction  into  the  Netherlands,  I.  267,  2  a; 
VI.  453,  1  a. 

In  rem ,  action  in  law,  I.  128,  1  c. 

Insane ,  the:  see  Insanity. 

Insane  ear ,  so  styled,  IX.  307,  1  c. 

Insanity,  IX.  296.  Ancient  views  of,  2  c. 
First  institutions  for  the  insane,  297,  2  b. 
Modern  treatment  of,  2  c.  Causes,  299,  1  a. 
General  symptoms,  301,  1  b.  Classification, 
302,  1  ab.  Melancholia,  302,  2  c.  Mania, 
304,  1  a.  General  paralysis  of  the  insane, 
304,  2  b.  Dementia,  306,  2  a.  Idiocy  and 
imbecility,  ib.  Pathology  of  insanity  in 
general,  2  b.  Enumeration  of  the  insane, 
307,  2  b.  Insanity  as  a  defence  in  an  action 
for  adultery,  I.  135,  1  ab.  See  Lunacy. 
Insect  Fertilization,  IX.  308  (ill.). 
Insectiv'oea,  order  of  mammals,  IX.  309. 
Insectivorous  Plants,  IX.  310.  See  Dion.ea  ; 
Pinguicula,  XIII.  530,  2  a;  Pitcher  Plants, 
550,  2  ab  ;  Sundew,  XV.  480, 1  ab ;  Utricu- 
laria,  XVI.  238,  1  b. 

Insects,  IX.  310.  Anatomy,  2  b.  Metamor¬ 
phoses,  312,  2  b :  see  Caterpillar,  and 
Chrysalis.  Fecundity  of,  313,  1  b.  Mus¬ 
cular  activity,  1  c.  Instincts,  2  ab.  Rela¬ 
tions  to  the  rest  of  organic  nature,  314,  1  a. 
Distribution,  1  be.  Classification :  see  En¬ 
tomology.  Age  of,  I.  182,  2  c.  Organs  of 
vision  in,  VII.  48,  1  a. 


Insects ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  a. 

Insect  showers ,  II.  476,  2  b. 

Insesso'res,  perching  birds,  IX.  314. 

Insolation :  see  Sunstroke. 

In  solido  :  see  Liability  (Index). 

Insondi ,  venomous  insect,  V.  241,  1  a. 

Instance  side ,  of  a  court  of  law,  I.  125,  2  c. 
Insterbukg  [in'-ster-boorg],  Prussia,  IX.  314. 
Institut  de  France  [ang-ste-tu  dull  fraDEs],  I.  51, 

1  b.  Constitution  of,  1  c;  its  publications, 
2b;  its  prizes,  2  c,  52,  1  a. 

Insurance,  in  law,  IX.  314.  Marine  insurance, 

2  c.  Law  of,  315,  1  c :  see  Neutrality, 
XII.  261,  2  b.  Subjects  of,  IX.  316,  1  b. 
Warranties,  2  ab.  Premium,  317,  2  c.  Prop¬ 
erty  insured,  318,  1  ab.  Responsibility  of 
insurers,  1  b.  Risks,  1  c ;  duration  of,  2  c. 
Loss,  319,  1  a.  See  Average,  and  Shipping. 
— Insurance  against  fire,  2  a.  See  Life  In¬ 
surance. 

Insurance  f  und ,  use  of,  X.  433,  2  c. 

“  Insurance  Handbook ,”  X.  425,  2  c. 

In'sula  Batavo'rum ,  island,  II.  379,  2  c. 
Intaglio  [in-taT-yo],  XIV.  715,  2  a. 

Integral  Calculus  :  see  Calculus,  III.  571,1b. 
Interamna  :  see  Teramo,  and  Terni. 

Intercisi ,  in  Roman  calendar,  VII.  93,  2  a. 
Interdict,  Roman  Catholic,  IX.  320. 

Interest:  see  Usury. 

“ Interference  ”  in  a  patent,  XIII.  161,  1  a. 
Interglyph ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  a. 
Interim ,  ecclesiastical  expedient :  see  Bucer, 
III.  377,  1  b ;  Charles  V.,  IV.  296,  1  be. 
Interior  crest ,  in  a  fortification,  VII.  330,  2  b. 
Interlachen :  see  Interlaken. 

Interlaken  [in'-ter-la-ken],  village  of  Switzer¬ 
land,  IX.  321  (view). 

Interlude ,  species  of  drama,  referred  to,  XI. 
628,  1  be. 

Intermittent  Fever  :  see  Fevers,  VII.  164,  2  c. 
International  Association,  IX.  321. 
International  code ,  proposed,  VII.  176,  2  b. 
International  league  of  peoples :  see  Mazzini, 
XI.  308,  2  b. 

Internode ,  in  plants,  XIII.  576,  1  b. 
Internuncio ,  papal  envoy,  X.  318,  2  b ;  XII. 
538,  1  b. 

Intertrigo:  see  Erythema,  VI.  721,  2  b. 
Intestinal  juice :  see  Intestine,  IX.  324,  1  a. 
Intestine,  IX.  323.  Small,  I.  318,  1  c ;  large, 
2  b.  Structure  and  length,  in  different  ani¬ 
mals,  V.  180,  2  c. 

Intihuatani  [een-te-wa-ta'-ne],  stone  circles  in 
Peru,  I.  400,  1  c. 


INTONACO 


IRELAND 


411 


Intonaco  [in-to'-na-ko],  in  fresco  painting,  VII. 
482,  2  c. 

Intrenchments ,  military,  VII.  334,  2  b.  Im¬ 
portance  of,  IX.  269,  2  b. 

Intuition  and  reflection ,  Brownson’s  use  of  the 
terras,  III.  349,  2  be. 

In'ula  hele'nium  (botany),  VI.  497,  2  b  (ill.). 
Inula,  in  medicine,  498,  1  a. 

Inidine,  vegetable  principle,  VI.  497,  2  c. 

Inuus ,  in  mythology,  XIII.  31,  2  b. 

Inuus  (zoology),  X.  766,  2  c.  I.  sylvanus,  767, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Invalides ,  Hotel  des  [o-tel  da  zang-va-leed], 
Paris,  XIII.  83,  2  b. 

Inverness',  borough  of  Scotland,  IX.  324 
(view).  Macbeth’s  castle,  1  c. 

Inverness,  county  of  Canada,  IX.  324. 

Inverness-shire,  county  of  Scotland,  IX.  324. 

Invertebra'ta,  class  of  animals,  IX.  325. 

Investiture,  in  feudal  law,  IX.  325.  See 
Feudal  System,  VII.  161,  2  ab.  In  ecclesi¬ 
astical  history,  IX.  325,  2  c. 

Invincible ,  ironclad,  IX.  386,  2  a  (ill.). 

Invincible  brethren :  see  Ziska,  XVI.  830,  1  c. 

Invincible  doctor :  see  Occam,  William  of. 

Invoice  book,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  81,  1  a. 

In'volucre,  in  plants,  XIII.  584,  2  b. 

In'yo,  county,  IX.  326. 

Io,  mythical,  IX.  326. 

Iobates  [i-ob'-a-teez],  king  of  Lycia,  II.  504,  2  a. 

Iodine  [l'-o-din],  IX.  326.  Use  of  in  medicine, 
327,  2  c.  Iodism,  328,  1  a. 

Iod'oform,  a  salt,  IX.  327,  2  c. 

Io'la,  county  seat,  I.  328,  2  a. 

Iona,  island  of  Scotland,  IX.  328.  Ruins  of 
St.  Mary’s  church,  328,  1  be  (ill.). 

Iona  grape,  I.  418,  1  b. 

Ionia,  in  ancient  geography,  IX.  329. 

Ionia,  county,  IX.  329. 

Ionia ,  county  seat,  IX.  329,  2  c. 

Ionian  Islands,  Greece,  IX.'  329.  History, 
330,  2  a. 

Ionians,  Greek  race,  IX.  330. 

Ionian  sea,  IX.  329,  2  c ;  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Ion'ic  alphabet  in  full,  first  use  of  in  public 
records,  VIII.  195,  2  a. 

Ionic  dialect,  VIII.  207,  2  be,  208,  1  a. 

Ionic  order,  in  architecture,  I.  657,  1  c  ;  among 
the  Romans,  660,  1  b. 

Ionidium  (botany),  XVI.  361,  2  b ;  363,  2  ab. 

Ionies,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  331. 

Ions,  in  galvanism,  VII.  597,  2  ab. 

Iosco,  county,  IX.  332. 

Io'tacism,  in  Greek  pronunciation,  VIII.  209, 2  c. 


I'owa,  state,  IX.  332.  State  seal  (ill.).  Pop¬ 
ulation,  2  a.  Hydrography,  333,  1  be.  Sur¬ 
face,  2  a.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  c.  Soil, 
334,  2  b.  Climate,  2  be.  Agriculture,  335, 1  a. 
Manufactures,  2  b.  Commerce,  1  c.  Inter¬ 
communication,  336,  l‘a.  Government,  337, 
1  a.  Finances,  2  c.  Public  institutions,  338, 
1  b.  Education,  2  b.  Newspapers,  libraries, 
&c.,  340,  1  b.  Religious  organizations,  1  c. 
History,  2  b. 

Iowa,  two  counties,  IX.  341. 

Iowa  City,  town  of  Iowa,  IX.  341. 

Iowa  River:  see  Iowa,  IX.  333,  1  c. 

Iowas,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  341. 

Ipecac :  see  Ipecacuanha.  Homoeopathy  illus¬ 
trated  by  its  effects,  VIII.  784,  1  c.  Wild 
ipecac,  VI.  771,  2  b. 

Ipecacuanha  [ip-e-kak-u-an'-a],  medicinal  root, 
IX.  342.  Plant,  1  c  (ill.).  Introduction  into 
European  medical  practice,  2  c.  So-called : 
see  Milkweed,  XI.  546,  2  a. 

Iphicles  [if'-e-kleez],  mythical,  I.  264,  1  b. 

Iphicrates  [i-fik'-ra-teez],  Athenian ^  general, 
IX.  343. 

Iphigeni'a,  in  Greek  legend,  IX.  343.  Iphige- 
nia  in  Tauris,  allusion  to,  II.  232,  1  b. 

Ipomce'a  bata'tas  (botany),  XIII.  767,  2  a  (ill.). 
I.  Orizabensis,  IX.  509,  2  be. 

Ip'saca,  valley  of,  XI.  691,  1  b. 

Ipsambul  [ip-sam-bool'J,  place  in  Nubia,  IX. 
343.  Tomb  (ill.),  344. 

Ip'sara,  island,  IX.  344. 

Ipsus,  ancient  town  of  Phrygia,  IX.  344.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  2  b;  I.  563,  1  a;  IV.  61,  1  c. 

Ipswich,  town  of  Massachusetts,  IX.  344. 

Ipswich,  borough  of  England,  IX.  345.  Gram¬ 
mar  school,  1  ab  (ill.).  Fairs,  VII.  58,  2  b. 

Ipswicn,  town  of  Australia,  IX.  345. 

Ir  (Ireland),  IX.  355,  2  b. 

Irak-Ajemi  [e-rak'-a'-ja-me],  province  of  Persia, 
IX.  345. 

Ieak-Arabi  [-a'-ra-be],  part  of  Turkey  and  Per¬ 
sia,  IX.  345. 

Iran  [e-ran'J :  see  Persia. 

Iranic  Races  and  Languages,  IX.  346.  Their 
territory,  1  a,  b.  The  first  historically  known, 
1  c.  The  different  races,  2  b ;  developments 
of  modern  research,  347, 1  b.  Languages,  1  c. 

Irasburg ,  county  seat,  XII.  696,  2  c. 

Irawadi  [e-ra-wa'-de] :  see  Irrawaddy. 

Iredell,  county,  IX.  348. 

Iredell,  James,  American  jurist,  IX.  348 
James  (2d),  jurist,  1  c. 

Ireland,  IX.  348.  (Map.)  Divisions  and  popu- 


412 


IRELAND 


IRON-CLAD 


lation,  2  b.  Coast,  349,  1  a.  Topography, 

1  c.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  b.  Bogs,  350, 

2  a.  Rivers  and  lakes,  2  b.  Climate,  2  c. 
Soil,  351,  1  b.  Industries,  2  a;  352,  1  be. 
Fauna  and  flora,  351,  2  be.  People,  2  c. 
Fisheries  and  commerce,  352,  2  ab.  Inter¬ 
communication,  353,  1  a.  Economical  sta¬ 
tistics,  1  b.  Religion,  2  a.  Education,  2  b. 
Public  institutions,  354,  1  c.  Government, 
2  b.  Antiquities,  355,  1  a. — History,  2  a. 
Ancient  laws :  see  Brehon  Laws.  Introduc¬ 
tion,  of  Christianity,  356,  1  c.  English  inva¬ 
sion,  357,  1  ab.  Invasion  by  Edward  Bruce, 

1  c.  English  measures  for  subjugation  of 
the  Irish,  2  a.  English  supremacy  established 
by  Cromwell,  358,  1  c.  Overthrow  of  James 
II.,  2  a.  Harsh  treatment  of  the  Irish  for  a 
hundred  years,  ib.  Society  of  “  United  Irish¬ 
men,”  2  c;  Irish  revolt,  ib. ;  French  expedi¬ 
tion  in  aid  of,  359,  1  ab.  Union  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  1  b.  Question  of  Cath¬ 
olic  emancipation,  1  c.  Repeal  agitation, 

2  b;  XII.  575,  1  b.  “Tithe  war,”  IX.  359, 
2  b.  Reforms,  2  be.  Famine  of  1846-7, 
360,1  a.  “  Irish  confederation,”  1  ab.  Im¬ 
mature  rising  crushed,  1  c.  Fenian  move¬ 
ment,  2  be.  Church  disestablishment,  2  c; 
361,  2  a.  Home  rule  agitation,  361,  1  a. 

Ireland,  Church  of,  IX.  361.  Disestablish¬ 
ment  of,  2  a;  VI.  619,  2  b;  VII.  130,  1  c. 
See  England,  Church  of. 

Ireland,  Samuel,  English  engraver  and  author, 
IX.  362.  William  Henry,  literary  forger,  1  c. 
Ireland ,  primate  of,  I.  721,  2  b. 

Ireland  parish  (Holyoke,  Mass.),  VIII.  775,  1  c. 
Iren^etts  [i-re-ne'-us],  Saint,  IX.  362.  The  pope’s 
primacy  said  to  be  asserted  by,  XIV.  398,  1  c. 
Irenarion ,  cloister  of,  I.  67,  1  c. 

Ire'ne,  empress,  IX.  363.  See  Constantine  VI. 
Irene ,  heroine  of  Persian  poetry,  XIII.  323, 1  a. 
Ireton,  Henry,  English  soldier,  IX.  363.  His 
reply  to  Charles  I.,  V.  504,  1  c. 

Iri  [e'-re] :  see  Eurotas. 

Iriarte:  see  Yriarte. 

Iridce'a  edu'lis  (botany),  I.  299,  2  c. 

Irid'ium,  metal,  IX.  363.  Iridium  black,  2  c. 
Iridosmine  pr-e-doz'-min],  alloy,  XII.  720,  1  c ; 
XIV.  501,  1  be. 

Iriiri  [e-re-e'-rel,  a  New  Zealand  ceremony, 
XII.  413,  1  a. 

Iris,  in  Greek  mythology,  IX.  363. 

Iris,  genus  of  plants,  IX.  364.  Orris  root,  1  b. 
I.  Florentina,  1  c  (ill.),  &e.  Mourning  iris, 
2  b  (ill.).  Fertilization  of,  309,  1  b. 


Iris ,  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  1  b ;  47,  1  a. 

“Irish  Confederation ,”  IX.  360,  1  ab. 

Irish  Moss  :  see  Carrageen. 

“  Irish  Revolutionary  Brotherhood ,”  VII.  124, 
2  b;  IX.  360,  2  be. 

iRisn  Sea,  IX.  364. 

Irish  towers ,  the,  ancient  ruins,  IX.  355,  1  c. 

Irkutsk  [eer-kootsk'J,  government  of  Siberia, 
IX.  364.  Capital  city,  365,  1  a. 

Irminsul  [eer'-min-zool],  statue,  IV.  290,  1  a. 

Irne'rius,  jurist :  see  Civil  Law,  IV.  625,  1  b. 

Iroha  [e-ro-ha'J,  Japanese  alphabet,  IX.  548,  2  b. 

Iron,  metal,  IX.  365.  Chemical  compounds, 
2  b.  As  a  medicine,  366,  2  b.  Forms  of 
(wrought,  cast,  and  steel),  367,  1  ab. — Cast 
iron,  368,  2  c.  Chemical  composition,  ib. ; 
presence  of  silicon,  370,  1  b ;  of  sulphur,  2  a ; 
of  phosphorus,  2  b ;  of  manganese,  2  c. — 
Wrought  iron,  371,  1  b.  Chemical  composi¬ 
tion,  2  a ;  rotten  or  “  burnt  ”  iron,  ib. ;  “  red- 
short,”  “hot-short,”  and  “cold-short”  iron, 
2  b. — Compounds  of  iron,  372, 1  b.  Strength, 
1  be. — Case-hardening  of  wrought  iron,  XV. 
364, 1  c.  Titaniferous  iron,  771,  1  a.  Alloys 
of:  see  Steel,  XV.  356,  2  c. — Iron  buildings, 
first  introduction  of,  II.  780,  2  c.  Iron  beams, 
413,  2  b,  416,  1  c.  Iron  mould,  IX.  366,  1  c. 
See  Iron  Manufacture,  and  Iron  Ores. 

Iron,  two  counties,  IX.  376. 

Iron  age,  I.  185,  2  c,  186,  1  a,  644,  1  b ;  VII. 
197,  2  b  (iron  epoch). 

IronbarJc,  tree,  XVI.  704,  1  c.  Its  specific 
gravity,  ib. 

Iron  City  (Pittsburgh),  XIII.  554,  2  c. 

Iron-clad  Ships,  IX.  376.  Fulton’s  Demolo- 
gos,  377,  1  b  (ills.).  Attention  first  called  to 
the  construction  of,  2  a.  Experiments  in  the 
United  States,  2  be ;  Stevens’s  battery,  2  c. 
In  England,  379,  1  a.  In  France,  1  c  (ills.). 
American  ironclads,  380,  2  a  (ills.,  380,  381). 
Monitor  or  turreted  system,  1  be ;  386,  2  c 
(ills.,  381  and  387).  Results  of  the  Hampton 
roads  conflict,  381,  2  b;  modification  of  the 
English  marine,  2  c.  Two  forms  of,  382,  2  a. 
Table  of  English  iron-built  ships,  383,  2  a; 
•wood-built,  2  be.  Sections  of  the  sides  of 
iron  ships  of  the  various  classes  (ills.),  884; 
of  the  armor  of  the  Thunderer  and  the  Dic¬ 
tator  (ills.),  385.  Character  of  the  French 
ironclads,  384,  1  c ;  of  the  American,  ib. 
Table  of,  385,  2  b.  Partial  protection  sys¬ 
tem,  386, 1  a ;  complete  protection  system,  1  b 
(ills.).  Offensive  powers  of  ironclads,  how 
measured,  388,  1  a.  Ironclad  rams,  2  be. 


IRON 


ISDIGERD 


413 


Iron  crown,  the ,  V.  523,  1  c;  XI.  798,  1  c. 

Iron  epoch :  see  Iron  age  (Index). 

Iron  Manufacture,  IX.  389.  Among  the  an¬ 
cients,  2  ab.  Reduction  of  iron,  390,  2  b. 
Forms  of  furnaces,  391,  1  a.  Blast  furnace, 
392,  1  be  (ills.,  393,  394) ;  blast-furnace  pro¬ 
cess,  394,  2  b.  Temperature  of  reduction, 
395,  2  a.  Composition  of  blast-furnace  gases, 
2  c.  Economy  in  fuel,  396,  1  be.  Slags, 
397,  2  b. — Wrought  iron,  398,  1  be.  Con¬ 
version  of  pig  into  wrought  iron,  1  c.  Pud¬ 
dling,  399,  1  b ;  puddling  furnace,  1  c  (ill.). 
Quality  of  iron  produced  by  puddling,  400, 

1  be.  Fluxes,  2  b.  Treatment  of  puddled 
iron,  401,  1  a  (ills.).  Mechanical  puddlers, 

2  b ;  Danks’s  rotary  puddler,  2  c  (ill.,  402). 
Decarburization  of  pig  iron,  402,  2  c.  At¬ 
tempts  to  make  wrought  iron  and  steel  direct 
from  the  ore,  403,  1  ab. 

Iron  Mask,  Man  in  the,  IX.  404. 

Iron  Mountain,  Missouri,  IX.  404. 

Iron  mountain ,  Wisconsin,  II.  6,  1  c. 

Iron  Ores,  IX.  406.  Grouping  of,  2  a  (table). 
Hematite,  2  c.  Hydrous  or  brown  hema¬ 
tite,  408,  1  a.  Spathic  ore,  or  siderite,  409, 
1  a.  Magnetite,  2  a.  Franklinite,  410,  1  a. 
Reducibility,  ib.  Distribution  in  the  United 
States,  1  ab.  Analyses,  411,  1  b  (tables). 
Treatment,  2  ab. 

Irons,  William  Josiah  [I'-runs],  English  cler¬ 
gyman  and  author,  IX.  411. 

Ironsides ,  Cromwell’s  regiment,  Y.  501,  2  a,  ff. 
Ironstone :  see  Clay  ironstone  (Index). 
Ironstone  china ,  XIII.  790,  2  b. 

Ironwood :  see  Hornbeam,  YIII.  819,  2  a,  820, 
1  ab. 

Ironton,  city  of  Ohio,  IX.  412. 

Ironton ,  county  seat,  IX.  376,  2  a. 

Iroquois  [ir-o-kwoiz';  sing.  -kwoi/],  confedera¬ 
tion  of  Indians,  IX.  412  ;  XII.  632, 1  b  (Onon- 
dagas).  Languages,  1. 408,  2  ab ;  XII.  371, 1  a. 
Iroquois,  county,  IX.  414. 

Irrawaddy,  river  of  Burmah,  IX.  414. 
Irrefragable  doctor :  see  Alexander  of  Hales. 
“  Irrepressible  conflict ,”  origin  of  the  phrase, 
XIY.  793,  1  ab. 

Irrigation,  IX.  414.  Introduction  by  the 
Saracens  into  Spain,  I.  202,  1  b. 

Irri'sor  (ornithology),  YIII.  808,  1  b. 
Irritability ,  of  the  nerves,  XII.  236,  1  b ;  of 
living  animal  substance,  XIII.  485,  1  c,  2  a. 
Irritants :  see  Poison,  XIII.  639,  1  b. 

Irvine  [ur'-vin],  borough  of  Scotland,  IX.  416. 
Irvine ,  county  seat,  YI.  742,  1  a. 


Irvine,  William,  American  soldier,  IX.  416. 
Irving,  Edward,  Scottish  preacher,  IX.  417. 
Catholic  Apostolic  church,  418,  2  c.  See 
Carlyle,  Thomas,  III.  796,  2  c. 

Irving,  Theodore,  American  clergyman,  IX.  41 9. 
Irving,  Washington,  auth’or,  IX.  419 ;  XYI.  194, 
2  b  ;  195,  2  b  ;  197,  1  a  ;  200, 1  c  ;  204,  2  ab. 
Irwin,  county,  IX.  421. 

Irwinton ,  county  seat,  XVI.  626,  1  ab. 
Irwinville ,  county  seat,  IX.  421,  2  a. 

Is,  town :  see  Hit.  Fountains  of,  II.  672,  1  c. 
Isaac,  Hebrew  patriarch,  IX.  421. 

Isaac  I.,  Comnenus,  emperor,  IX.  421. 

Isaac  II.,  Angelus,  emperor,  IX.  421. 

Isaac  anchor,  I.  466,  1  b. 

Isaac  church,  at  St.  Petersburg,  XIY.  551,  2  b 
(ill.).  See  Dome,  YI.  197,  1  c. 

Isaac  and  Mezrob,  authors  of  the  Armenian 
version  of  the  Bible,  I.  727,  1  c. 

Isabella,  county,  IX.  421. 

Isabella,  county  seat,  XVI.  732,  1  a. 

Isabella  I.,  the  Catholic,  queen  of  Castile  and 
Leon,  IX.  422.  See  Ferdinand  Y. 

Isabella  II.,  ex-queen  of  Spain,  IX.  4‘23.  See 
Serrano. 

Isabella  of  Bavaria,  IY.  286,  1  c. 

Isabella  of  England  :  see  Edward  II.  and  III. 
Isabella  of  Valois:  see  Elizabeth  of  Va¬ 
lois. 

Isabella  grape,  I.  417,  2  b. 

Isabey,  Jean  Baptiste  [e-za-ba],  French  painter, 

IX.  424.  Eugene  Louis  Gabriel,  painter,  1  c. 
Is^e'us,  Attic  orator,  IX.  424. 

Isag'oras,  rival  of  Clisthenes,  II.  55,  2  a,  c ; 

IY.  666,  1  c,  692,  1  c. 

Isaiah  [I-za'-ya],  Hebrew  prophet,  IX.  424. 
Isanti,  county,  IX.  424. 

Isar  [e'-zar],  river  of  Germany,  IX.  424. 

Is'ara ,  river :  see  Is^re,  IX.  425,  2  c. 

Is’arus ,  river :  see  Isar. 

Isa'tis  (botany),  XYI.  693,  1  c.  I.  tinctoria, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Isaure,  Clemence  [e-zore],  French  patroness 
of  poetry,  IX.  425. 

Isauria,  district  of  Asia  Minor,  IX.  425. 
Isaurian ,  the :  see  Leo  III.,  emperor. 

Isca  Damnoniorum :  see  Exeter,  YII.  28,  2  a. 
Isca  Silurum,  Roman  station,  III.  540,  1  c. 
IscniA  [is'-ke-a],  island  of  Italy,  IX.  425.  Town 
and  castle,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ischil :  see  Ischl. 

Ischium  [is'-ke-um],  in  anatomy,  XIII.  241, 1  a. 
Ischl  [ish’l],  Austrian  watering  place,  IX.  425. 
Isdigerd:  see  Yezdegerd. 


41L 


ISEGHEM 


ISTAPAM 


Iseghem  [e'-zeh-ghem],  Belgium,  IX.  425. 
Iselin,  Henri  Fr6d6ric  [eez-lang],  French  sculp- 
tor,  IX.  425. 

Isenberg  [e'-zen-bairg],  missionary  in  Abyssinia, 
I.  48,  2  ab. 

Iseke  [e-zair],  department  of  France,  IX.  425. 
River,  2  c. 

Iserlohn  [e'-zer-lone],  town  of  Prussia,  IX.  426. 
Isernia  [e-zair'-ne-a],  town  of  Italy,  IX.  426. 
Isfahan:  see  Ispahan. 

Ish'bosheth ,  son  of  Saul,  V.  705,  2  c ;  VIII.  586, 
2  ab. 

Ish'mael,  son  of  Abraham  and  Hagar,  IX.  426 ; 
I.  620,  2  b. 

Ishmaelites ,  race :  see  Hagar,  and  Ishmael. 
Ishmaelites ,  secret  society,  IX.  426,  2  a.  See 
Assassins. 

Ishtar  (Ashtoreth),  II.  7,  1  b;  XII.  109,  2  ab. 
Is'idore  Merca'tor,  IX.  426.  See  Canon  Law, 
III.  718,  2  b,  and  Decretals. 

Isido'rus,  of  Cbarax,  geographer,  IX.  426.  Of 
Seville,  saint,  2  ab. 

I'singlass,  gelatine  from  fish  sounds,  IX.  426. 
Mineral :  see  Mica. 

Isis,  Egyptian  goddess,  IX.  427 ;  XII.  720,  1  a ; 
XIII.  486,  1  c.  Temple  of  at  Philse,  404, 
2  c  (ill.,  405). 

Isis,  river :  see  Thames,  XV.  688,  1  a. 
Iskander,  nom  de  plume :  see  Hertzen. 
Iskander  Beg :  see  Scanderbeg. 

Isla,  Jos6  Francisco  de  [ees'-la],  Spanish  au¬ 
thor,  IX.  427. 

Isla,  island  :  see  Islay. 

Is'lam,  IX.  428;  XI.  696,  2  c.  Progress  of 
Islamism  in  India,  IX.  229,  1  c. 

Island,  county,  IX.  428. 

Islay  [i'-la],  island  of  Scotland,  IX.  428. 
Islendinga  bok,  earliest  monument  of  Icelandic 
literature,  IX.  153,  1  c. 

Isle  of  France  :  see  Mauritius. 

Isle  of  Julia  :  see  Graham  Island. 

Isle  of  Man  :  see  Man. 

Isle  of  Pines  :  see  Pines. 

Isle  Royale  [ile  roi'-yal],  island  of  Michigan, 
IX.  428.  Antiquities,  2  c. 

Isle  Royale  [eel  rwa-yal],  first  name  of  Cape 
Breton,  III.  741,  2  b. 

Isle  of  Wight,  England  :  see  Wight. 

Isle  of  Wight,  county,  IX.  428. 

Isles  of  Shoals,  New  Hampshire,  IX.  429. 
Islington  :  see  London,  X.  596,  1  a. 

Isly,  battle  of,  I.  14,  2  c ;  III.  417,  2c. 
Ismae'lians  :  see  Assassins,  and  IX.  426,  2  a; 
XV.  546,  1  ab. 


Ismail  [is-ma-eel'],  town  of  Roumania,  IX.  429. 

Ismail  I. ;  see  Ismail  Pasha. 

Ismailia  [is-ma-e-le'-a],  Egypt,  IX.  429  (view). 

Ismail  Pasha,  khedive  of  Egypt,  IX.  430.  See 
Egypt,  VI.  967,  2  c. 

Ismail  Pasha ,  official :  see  Ali,  I.  311,  1  b. 

Ismail  Tutchkov  :  see  Ismail,  town. 

Ismid  [is-meed'J,  town  of  Turkey,  IX.  431. 

Isnard,  Maximin  [ees-nar],  French  revolution¬ 
ist,  IX.  431. 

Isocrates  [i-sok'-ra-teez],  orator,  IX.  431. 

Isodynamic  lines,  case  of  deflection  of,  XIV. 
673,  1  b. 

Isola Bella  [e'-zo-la],  Italy,  III.  107,  2  c  (ill.,  108). 

Isola  di  Caffa ,  IX.  731,  2  c. 

Isola  Madre  [ma'-dra],  III.  108,  1  ab. 

Isoline,  variety  of  weigela,  XVI.  537,  1  a. 

Isomer' ic  substances :  see  Isomerism,  Allo¬ 
tropism,  and  II.  86,  2  a. 

Isom'erism,  in  chemistry,  IX.  431. 

Isomet'ric  Projection,  in  drawing,  IX.  434. 

Isomorphism,  in  chemistry,  IX.  434 ;  XI.  681, 
2  c.  Law  of:  see  Chemistry,  IV.  368,  1  a. 

Isomorphous  compounds :  see  Isomorphism,  and 
II.  86,  2  a. 

Isonandra  (botany),  VIII.  343,  1  a.  I.  gutta, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Isopods,  crustaceans,  IX.  434. 

Isot'elus  megis'tos,  fossil  trilobite,  XV.  868,  2  c. 
I.  gigas,  ib. 

Isothermal  Lines  :  see  Climate,  IV.  679,  2  a. 

Isoto'ma  longifo'ra  (botany),  X.  559,  2  b. 

Ispaghul  [-gool'J,  kind  of  seeds,  XIII.  595,  1  be. 

Ispahan',  city  of  Persia,  IX.  434.  Court  of 
the  grand  mosque  (ill.),  435. 

Israel:  see  Jacob.  Kingdom  of,  VIII.  587,  2  a. 

Israelites  :  see  Hebrews. 

Israels,  Josef,  Dutch  painter,  IX.  436. 

Israel's  sheep  :  see  Hyrax,  VIII.  138,  2  a. 

Is’rafil,  Mohammedan  angel,  IX.  12,  2  b;  XI- 
697,  2  c. 

Issaque'na,  county,  IX.  436. 

Issoire  [ees-swar],  town  of  France,  IX.  436. 

Issoudun  [ees-soo-dung],  townof  France,  IX. 436 

Issue,  in  law,  IX.  436,  1  c;  XIII.  607,  1  a.  In 
pleading,  IX.  436,  2  c.  Feigned,  437,  1  c. 

Issue  pea,  product  of  the  orange,  XII.  664,  1  b. 

Issus,  ancient  town  of  Cilicia,  IX.  437.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  2  a;  I.  276,  1  c. 

Istambul  [is-tam-bool'J,  (Constantinople),  V. 
274,  1  a. 

Istambul  Boghazi  (Bosporus),  III.  112,  2  c. 

Istapa  [ees-ta-pa'J,  Guatemala,  IX.  437. 

Istapam :  see  Istapa. 


ISTER 


IXTLE 


415 


Ister  :  see  Danube. 

Isthmian  Games,  in  Greece,  IX.  437. 

Istle  [ees'-tla],  fibre  of  bromelia,  YIII.  633,  2  b. 
Istria,  peninsula  and  margraviate  of  Austria, 
IX.  438.  Duke  of:  see  Bessi^res. 

Isturiz,  Francisco  Xavier  de  [ees-too-reeth'], 
Spanish  statesman,  IX.  438. 

Isurium  (Aldborough,  Eng.),  I.  267,  1  c. 
Itab'iryte ,  mineral,  IX.  407,  2  be. 
Itacol'umite,  rock,  IX.  438. 

Itala ,  old  Latin  version  of  the  Bible,  II.  613,  2  a. 
Italian  bailiwicks ,  the  :  see  Ticino. 

Italian  May ,  species  of  spiraea,  XV.  274,  2  c. 
Italian  republic,  IX.  45.1,  1  b ;  IV.  613,  1  a. 
Italian  sea  (Mediterranean),  XI.  353,  2  c. 
Italic  character,  origin  of  the,  XI.  134,  2  b. 
Italic  Races  and  Languages,  IX.  438. 
Italiski,  Prince  :  see  Suvaroff. 

Italy,  kingdom  of  Europe,  IX.  440.  (Map.) 
Former  divisions,  2  b;  present  divisions  and 
population,  441,  1  a.  Coasts,  2  b.  Surface, 
442,  1  ab.  Rivers  and  lakes,  2  ab.  Ge¬ 
ology,  443,  1  a.  Minerals,  2  c.  Fossil  re¬ 
mains,  444,  2  a.  Soil,  2  b.  Climate,  2  c. 
Productions,  445,  1  c.  Agriculture,  2  b. 
Animals,  446,  1  a.  Inhabitants,  1  b.  Edu¬ 
cation,  2  ab.  Libraries,  &c.,  2  c.  Religion, 
447,  1  a.  Industry  and  commerce,  1  b. 
Government,  2  b.  Army  and  navy,  448, 

1  c.  Finances,  2  b.  History,  2  c. 

Italy,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IX.  455. 
Origin  of  the  language,  1  b ;  not  from  the 
Latin,  2  c.  Pronunciation,  456, 1  c.  Gram¬ 
mar,  2  be.  Dialects,  457,  1  b.  Character¬ 
ization,  458,  1  a. — Early  literature,  2  a. 
Dante,  459,  1  a.  Petrarch,  1  c.  Boccaccio, 

2  a.  Influence  of  the  Italian  courts,  460, 
1  b.  Writers  of  the  15th  century,  2  b;  of 
the  16th  (age  of  Leo  X.),  461,  1  b;  of  the 
17th  and  18th,  462,  2  a  ;  of  the  19th,  463,  2  c. 

taly,  Wines  of,  IX.  467.  Method  of  grape 
culture,  2  ab.  Wines  of  Piedmont,  2  c ; 
Lombardy  and  Venetia,  468,  1  ab;  Tuscany, 
1  c ;  southern  Italy,  2  b ;  Sicily,  2  c ;  Sar¬ 
dinia,  ib. 

Itard,  Jean  Marie  Gaspard  [e-tar],  French 
philosopher  and  surgeon,  IX.  469.  His  ef¬ 
forts  for  idiots,  170,  2  b. 

Itasca,  county,  IX.  469. 

Itasca,  Lake  of,  IX.  469. 

Itatiaiossu  [e-ta-te-i-os-soo'],  Brazilian  moun¬ 
tain,  III.  218,  2  c. 

Itauba  [e-ta-oo'-ba],  tree,  III.  223,  2  a. 
Itawamba,  county,  IX.  469. 


iTcn,  disease,  IX.  469.  Itch  insect,  2  ab  (ill.) ; 
I.  55,  1  c.  Norway  itch,  IX.  470,  2  ab. 
Treatment,  2  c. 

Ith'aca,  village  of  New  York,  IX.  471. 

Ithaca,  county  seat,  VIII.  172,  1  a. 

Ithaca,  island  of  Greece,"  IX.  471. 

Ithacius :  see  Idacius  (Index). 

Ithaginis  [ith-aj'-e-nis],  (ornithology),  XIII. 
143,  1  a.  I.  cruentus,  1  ab. 

Itho'me,  ancient  fortress,  XI.  416,  2  b,  be;  417, 
1  ab. 

iTTENBAon,  Franz  [it'-ten-bakh],  German  paint¬ 
er,  IX.  471. 

I'turbide,  Agustin  de  [Sp.  e-toor-be'-f^a],  em¬ 
peror  of  Mexico,  IX.  471. 

Itza,  Lake  of :  see  Peten. 

Itzaes  [eet-sice'],  Indian  family  of  Central 
America,  IX.  473. 

Iuka,  county  seat,  XV.  770,  1  b. 

lulus  (entomology),  XVI.  678,  1  a.  I.  Cana¬ 
densis,  1  be  (ill.).  Other  species. 

lulus,  son  of  iEneas,  I.  141,  2  ab;  243,  2  a. 

Ivan  [e-van'],  czars :  see  Russia.  Ivan,  son 
of  Anna  Carlovna,  I.  528,  1  c-2  a.  His  as¬ 
sassination,  IV.  Ill,  2  c. 

Ivan'off,  Alexander  Andreyevitch,  Russian 
painter,  IX.  473. 

Ives,  Dr.  Eli,  first  medical  use  of  chloroform 
by,  IV.  502,  2  ab.  Dr.  Nathan  B.,  ib. 

Ives,  Levi  Silliman,  American  bishop,  IX.  473. 

Ives  grape,  I.  419,  1  c. 

Ivi  [e-ve'],  plant,  VII.  110,  1  c. 

I'vory,  IX.  474.  Fossil,  2  b;  XI.  84,  2  a. 
Vegetable,  IX.  475,  2  a.  Artificial,  2  ab. 
Ivory  black,  2  b :  see  Bone  Black. 

Ivory,  James,  Scottish  mathematician,  IX.  475. 

Ivory  Coast,  Africa,  IX.  475. 

Ivory  plum,  so  styled,  XVI.  674,  2  ab. 

Ivrea  [e-vra'-a],  town  of  Italy,  IX.  476. 

Ivry  [e-vre],  battle  of,  IX.  476,  1  b. 

Ivry-la-Bataille  [e-vre-la-ba-tay’],  village  of 
France,  IX.  476. 

Ivry-sur-Seine  [-sur-sain],  village  near  Paris, 
IX.  476. 

Ivy,  plant,  IX.  476.  English  ivy,  1  c  (ill.). 
Variegated  ivies,  477,  1  c  (ill.).  Irish  ivy, 
ib.  Other  kinds,  2  b. 

Ivy  Lane  club,  London,  IX.  664,  2  c. 

Iwakura  [e-wa-koo'-ra],  Japanese  statesman, 
IX.  546,  1  c ;  547,  1  ab. 

Ix'ia,  genus  of  plants,  VII.  249,  1  a  (ixias). 

Ixi'on,  mythical,  IX.  477 ;  IV.  201,  2  c. 

Ixo'des  (epizoa),  VI.  695,  1  c. 

Ixtle  [eex'-tla],  fibre  of  bromelia,  VIII.  633,  2  b. 


416 


IXTLILXOCHITL 


JACOB 


Ixtlilxo'chitl,  Fernando  de  Alva,  Indian  his¬ 
torian,  IX.  477. 

Iyeyasu  [e-ya-ya'-soo],  Japanese  shogun,  IX. 
542,  2  c ;  564,  2  a.  His  burial  place,  XII. 
445,  2  c. 

Izabal  [e-sa-bah],  Guatemala,  IX.  478. 

Izabal ,  lake  :  see  Dulce. 

Izalco  [e-sal'-ko],  volcano  of,  IX.  478. 

Izalco,  town  of  San  Salvador,  IX.  478. 


Izanagi  [e-za-na'-ghe],  Japanese  divinity,  IX. 
541,  1  b. 

Izanami ,  Japanese  divinity,  IX.  541,  1  b. 
Izard  Te-zar],  wild  goat,  XIV.  108,  2  b. 

Iz'ard,  county,  IX.  478. 

Izard,  Ralph,  American  statesman,  IX.  478. 

I' zed,  in  Persian  demonology,  V.  793,  2  be. 
Iztaccihuatl  [ees-tak-se'-wAtl],  volcano  of 
Mexico,  IX.  478. 


J,  a  letter,  IX.  479.  Its  sound  in  different 
languages,  la.  I  hollandais,  1  c. 

Jabbok ,  brook  of  Palestine,  IX.  684,  1  a. 
Jab'iru,  bird,  IX.  479  (ill.). 

Jablonski,  Paul  Ernst  [ya-blone'-ske],  German 
orientalist,  IX.  479. 

Jacamar',  bird,  IX.  479  (ill.,  480). 

Jacam'  erops  (ornithology),  IX.  479,  2  c.  J. 

grandis,  480,  1  be. 

Jaca'na,  bird,  IX.  480  (ill.). 

Jacarandd  [zha-ka-ra“s-da/],  tree,  III.  223,  1  c. 
Jacare  [zha-ka-ra'J,  kind  of  alligator,  I.  333, 1  c. 
Jacatra  [ja-ka'-tra] :  see  Batavia,  II.  380,  2  c. 
Jacchus  grandis,  fossil  ouistiti,  XI.  753,  2  a. 
Jachmann,  Eduard  Karl  Emanuel  [yakh'-man], 
German  naval  officer,  IX.  481. 

Jack,  county,  IX.  481. 

Jack  (in  union  jack),  origin  of  the  word,  VII. 
249,  2  c. 

Jackal  [jak'-awl],  species  of  wild  dog,  IX.  481 
(ill.).  See  Dog. 

Jackdaw,  bird,  IX.  481  (ill.,  482).  So-called 
jackdaw,  VIII.  145,  2  c. 

“  Jack  the  Giant  Queller,'1'1  opera,  referred  to, 
III.  316,  2  be. 

“ Jack  with  a  lantern,'1'1  IX.  177,  2  ab. 

Jack  o'1  Lent,  puppet,  X.  344,  1  c. 

Jack  Pudding,  harlequin,  VIII.  463,  2  b. 
Jack-in- tJie-pulpit :  see  Wake-Robin. 
Jacksboro,  county  seat,  IX.  481,  1  b. 

Jackson,  name  of  twenty  counties,  IX.  482. 
Jackson,  city  of  Michigan,  IX.  484. 

Jackson,  capital  of  Mississippi,  IX.  485.  Town 
of  Louisiana,  2  a.  City  of  Tennessee,  2  ab. 
West  Tennessee  college,  2  be. 

Jackson,  county  seats,  I.  373,  2  c;  III.  240,  2  a; 
504,  1  b;  747,  2  c;  IX.  483,  2  b;  484,  1  b; 
XII.  487,  1  b. 

Jackson,  Andrew,  president  of  the  United 
States,  IX.  485.  Early  life,  486,  1  a.  Mar¬ 


riage,  1  c.  Member  of  congress,  2  c.  U.  S. 
senator,  487,  1  a.  Supreme  court  judge  of 
Tennessee,  ib.  Duel  with  Dickinson,  1  c. 
His  relations  with  Burr,  2  be.  War  of  1812, 
488,  1  c.  Quarrel  with  the  Bentons,  2  ab. 
His  victories  over  the  Indians,  489,  1  a. 
U.  S.  major  general,  1  c.  Seizure  of  Pensa¬ 
cola,  2  a.  Defence  of  New  Orleans,  2  c; 
battle  of,  490,  1  c.  Troubles  with  civilians, 

491,  1  a.  Seminole  war,  1  c.  Execution  of 
Arbuthnot  and  Ambrister,  ib.  Governor  of 
Florida,  2  b.  U.  S.  senator,  2  c.  President, 

492,  1  a.  Reelected,  2  b.  Proclamation 
against  the  nullifiers,  2  be ;  XII.  534,  1  b. 
Removal  of  the  deposits,  IX.  492,  2  c.  Vote 
of  censure  upon  him,  493,  1  ab ;  expunged, 

1  b.  Characterization,  1  c.  Biographies, 

2  a.  See  United  States,  XVI.  166,  1  ab,  ff. 
Jackson,  Charles,  American  jurist,  IX.  493. 

James,  physician,  2  c.  Patrick  Tracy,  mer¬ 
chant,  494,  lb;  V.  413,  1  a. 

Jackson,  Charles  Thomas,  American  physicist, 
IX.  494.  Invention  of  the  electric  telegraph 
claimed  by  him,  2  be ;  discovery  of  amesthet- 
ics,  495,  1  b. 

Jackson,  John,  English  painter,  IX.  495. 
Jackson,  Samuel,  American  physician,  IX.  495. 
Jackson,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  IX.  495. 
Jackson,  Thomas  Jonathan,  American  soldier, 
IX.  496. 

Jackson,  William,  English  composer,  IX.  496' 
Jacksonborough ,  county  seat,  III.  662,  1  a. 
Jacksonport,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  1  c. 
Jacksonville,  city  of  Florida,  IX.  496.  City 
of  Illinois,  497,  1  be. 

Jacksonville,  county  seats,  III.  583,  1  a;  VI. 
333,  2  c ;  VII.  288,  1  c ;  IX.  484,  2  c ;  XV. 
631,  2  a. 

Jacmel  [zhak-mel],  town  of  Havti,  IX.  497. 
Jacob,  Hebrew  patriarch,  IX.  497. 


JACOB 


JALAPINE 


417 


Jacob,  Bibliophile  [zha-kub];  see  Lacroix,  Paul. 

Jacob ,  Henry ,  early  Independent,  IX.  199,  1  c. 

Jacobean  Lily,  IX.  498  (ill.). 

Jaco'bi,  Abraham,  American  physician, IX.  498. 

Jacobi,  Friedrich  Heinrich  [ya'-ko-be],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  IX.  498 ;  XI.  813,  2  ab ; 
XIII.  442,  1  a.  Johann  Georg,  poet,  IX. 
499,  1  b.  Maximilian,  physician,  1  be. 

Jacobi,  Karl  Gustav  Jakob,  mathematician,  IX. 
499.  Moritz  Hermann,  savant,  2  b. 

Jacobi  foundation ,  medical  association  of  Ger¬ 
many,  IX.  499,  1  c. 

“  Jacobiniadff  satire,  referred  to,  VII.  621, 1  a. 

Jac'obins  [Fr.  zha-kuh-bang],  French  revolu¬ 
tionary  club,  IX.  499.  Treatment  of  Lafay¬ 
ette  by,  X.  98,  1  b. 

Jacobins  (Dominicans),  VI.  201,  1  ab. 

Ja'cobites,  Christian  sect,  IX.  500.  See  Bar- 
adasus  (Index)  ;  Eutychus  ;  Copts,  Y.  332, 
2  c,  334,  1  ab ;  Nestorians,  XII.  240,  2  c ; 
Syria,  XV.  546, 1  b. — Political  party  in  Great 
Britain,  IX.  500,  2  a. 

Jacobs,  Christian  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [ya'-kups], 
German  author,  IX.  500.  Paul  Emil,  paint¬ 
er,  2  b. 

Jacobs,  Jacques  Albert  Michel  [Fr.  zha-kub], 
Belgian  painter,  IX.  500. 

Jacobs,  Pierre  Francois,  painter,  IX.  500. 

Jacob's  bridge ,  over  the  Jordan,  IX.  683,  2  b. 

Jacobs  Jacobs :  see  Jacobs,  J.  A.  M. 

Jacobson,  William,  English  bishop,  IX.  500. 

Jacoby,  Johann  [ya'-ko-be],  German  publicist, 
IX.  501.  (Died  1877.) 

Jacoby,  Ludwig  Sigismund,  clergyman, IX.  501. 

Jacotot,  Joseph  [zha-kuh-to],  French  educator, 
IX.  501. 

Jacquand,  Claudius  [zha-kang],  painter,  IX.  501. 

Jacquard,  Joseph  Marie  [zha-kar],  mechani¬ 
cian,  IX.  502.  See  Weaving,  XVI.  524, 1  ab. 

Jacqueline  of  Bavaria  [zhak-leen],  IX.  502. 

Jacquemart,  Albert  [zhak-mar],  French  author, 
IX.  503.  Jules  Ferdinand,  engineer,  1  be. 

Jacquemont,  Victor  [zhak-mdng],  French  trav¬ 
eller  and  naturalist,  IX.  503. 

Jacquerie  [zhak-re],  insurrection  in  France,  IX. 
503 ;  VII.  381,  1  b.  See  Serf,  XIV.  775,  2  a. 

Jacques  Borihomme  [zhak  bun-urn]:  see  Jacque¬ 
rie. 

Jacques  Cartier  [kar-tya],  county,  IX.  503. 

Jacquier,  Nicolas  [zha-kya],  French  orthope¬ 
dist,  IX.  503. 

Jacquin,  Nicolas  Joseph  von,  baron  [zha-kang,J, 
Austrian  botanist,  IX.  504.  Joseph  Franz, 
botanist  and  chemist,  1  b. 

27 


Jade  [ya'-dSh],  river  of  Germany,  IX.  504. 
Jade  Neph'rite,  mineral,  IX.  504. 

Jad'era ,  ancient  town  :  see  Zara. 

Jadin,  Louis  Emmanuel  [zha-dang],  French  com¬ 
poser,  IX.  504. 

Jadin,  Louis  Godefroy,  painter,  IX.  504. 

Jaell,  Alfred  [ya'-el],  German  pianist,  IX.  504. 
Jaen  [kha-ain'],  province  of  Spain,  IX.  504. 
City,  2  be. 

Jaffa,  town  of  Palestine,  IX.  504  (view,  505). 
Jaffar :  see  Geber  (Index). 

Jaffar, vizier :  see  Barmecides,  and  Haroun  al- 
Raschid. 

Jaffna :  see  Jaffnapatam. 

Jaffnapatam',  district  of  India,  IX.  505. 
Town,  2  c. 

Jagannath  [ja-gan-nat'] :  see  Juggernaut. 
Jagataian  literature ,  XVI.  65,  1  a. 

Jagello :  see  Jagellon. 

Jagellon  [ya-ghel'-lon],  Polish  royal  family, 
IX.  506. 

Jagemann,  Karoline  [ya'-geh-man],  German 
actress,  IX.  506. 

Jager,  Gustav  [ya'-gher],  painter,  IX.  506. 
Jdgers ,  the ,  in  German  infantry,  IX.  270,  1  c. 
Jaggery ,  palm  sugar,  IV.  791, 1  a ;  XIII.  19,  2  b. 
Jagiello  [ya-gyel'-lo] :  see  Jagellon. 

Jagiello  university ,  in  Cracow,  V.  452,  2  c. 
Jago  coclc ,  IV.  780,  2  a. 

Jaguar  [jag- war'],  animal,  IX.  506  (ill.). 

Jah  [ja],  Hebrew  name  of  God,  IX.  600,  1  ab. 
Jaiide  :  see  Jade. 

Jahn,  Friedrich  Ludwig  [yan],  German  patriot, 
IX.  507. 

Jaiin,  Johann,  orientalist,  IX.  507. 

Jahn,  Otto,  philologist,  IX.  507. 

Jahr,  Georges  Henri  Gottlieb  [zhar],  French 
physician,  IX.  507. 

Jail  fever ,  VII.  166,  2  c. 

Jailum  [ji'-lum] :  see  Jhylum. 

Jamas:  see  Jains. 

Jains  [jines],  religious  sect  of  India,  IX.  507 ; 

214,  2  b ;  229,  1  c.  Temples  of,  204,  2  c. 
Jai  Singh  [ji  sing],  observatory  of,  II.  515,  1  a. 
Jakob,  Ludwig  Heinrich  von  [ya'-kup],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  IX.  508. 

Jal,  Auguste  [zhal],  French  author,  IX.  508. 
Jalabert,  Charles  Francois  [zha-la-bair],  paint¬ 
er,  IX.  508. 

Jal'ap,  drug,  IX.  509.  Plant,  1  a  (ill.). 
Jalapa  [kha-la'-pa],  town  of  Mexico,  IX.  510 
(view). 

Jalap'ic  acid,  resin,  IX.  509,  2  b. 

Jalapine  [jal'-a-pin],  resin,  IX.  509,  2  b. 


418 


JALDABAOTH 


JAPAN 


Jaldabaoth,  in  Gnosticism,  VIII.  53,  1  a. 

Jaley,  Jean  Louis  Nicolas  [zha-la],  French 
sculptor,  IX.  510. 

Jalisco  [kha-lees'-ko],  state  of  Mexico,  IX.  510. 

Jam,  a  preserve,  XIII.  823,  1  b. 

Jamai'ca,  British  West  Indian  island,  IX.  510. 
Central  mountain  range  of,  II.  759,  1  c. 

Jamaica,  town  of  New  York,  IX.  513. 

Jamaica  brick  mould ,  soil,  IX.  512,  1  a. 

Jamaica  mignonette  (henna),  VIII.  638,  1  a. 

Jamaica  pepper  (allspice),  I.  337,  1  b. 

Jamaltica  [kha-mal-te'-ka],  ruins  in  Honduras, 
IX.  513. 

Jambe  J Argent  [zhangb  dar-zhang] :  see  Cnou- 
ans,  IV.  520,  2  ab,  521,  1  a. 

Jamblichus :  see  iAMBLicnus. 

James,  county,  IX.  513. 

James  I.,  king  of  Scotland,  IX.  513. 

James  II.,  king  of  Scotland,  IX.  514. 

James  III.,  king  of  Scotland,  IX.  515. 

James  IV.,  king  of  Scotland,  IX.  515. 

James  V.,  king  of  Scotland,  IX.  516. 

James  I.  of  England,  and  VI.  of  Scotland, 
IX.  516.  “  Demonologie  ”  of,  XIV.  697,  2  a. 
The  currency  in  his  reign,  XI.  739,  1  c. 

James  II.  of  England,  and  VII.  of  Scotland, 
IX.  517.  His  efforts  to  overthrow  the  Eng¬ 
lish  constitution  and  to  restore  the  Cathor 
lie  religion,  518,  1  be.  Expelled  from  the 
throne,  2  c.  His  attempt  to  dispense  with 
the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy :  see 
Burnet,  Thomas.  The  issue  of  debased  coin 
authorized  by  him,  XI.  739,  2  b. 

James,  Epistle  of,  IX.  519. 

James,  George  Payne  Rainsford,  English  nov¬ 
elist,  IX.  519. 

James,  Henry,  American  philosopher,  IX.  519. 
Henry,  jr.,  author,  2  c. 

James,  Sir  Henry,  English  engineer,  IX.  520. 

James,  John  Angell,  clergyman,  IX.  520. 

James,  Robert,  physician,  IX.  520. 

James,  Saint,  the  Elder,  IX.  520.  Relics  of, 
XIV.  621,  2  a.  The  Less,  IX.  520,  2  b. 

James,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  IX.  520. 

James  bay ,  part  of  Hudson  bay,  IX.  29,  1  c. 

James  City,  county,  IX.  521. 

James  Francis  Edward  Stuart,  pretender, 
IX.  521. 

Ja'meson,  Anna,  English  authoress,  IX.  522. 

Jameson,  Robert,  Scottish  naturalist,  IX.  522. 

Jamesone,  George,  Scottish  painter,  IX.  522. 

James's  powder,  I.  565,  2  a;  IX.  520,  2  a. 

James  River,  Virginia,  IX.  522. 

Jamestown,  village  of  New  York,  IX.  523. 


Jamestown,  Virginia,  IX.  523.  Settlement  of, 

1  c ;  XVI.  150,  2  a. 

Jamestown ,  county  seats,  VII.  132, 1  be;  XIV. 
474,  2  c. 

Jamestown  weed,  V.  700,  2  a. 

Jami  (Abderrahman  ben  Ahmed),  [ja'-me],  Per¬ 
sian  poet,  IX.  523  ;  XIII.  327,  1  c. 

Jamieson,  John,  Scottish  clergyman,  IX.  523. 

Jana:  see  Janus. 

Janausciiek,  Fanny  [ya'-now-shek],  Bohemian 
actress,  IX.  524. 

Janes,  Edmund  Stoner,  American  clergyman, 
IX.  524.  (Died  1876.) 

Janesville,  city  of  Wisconsin,  IX.  524. 

Janet,  Paul  [zha-na],  French  author,  IX.  524. 

Janet-Lange,  Antoine  Louis  [-langzh],  French 
painter,  IX.  524. 

Jangama  Lingaism,  Hindoo  sect,  IX.  229,  1  b. 

Janin,  Jules  Gabriel  [zha-na"g],  French  author, 
IX.  525. 

Janie' ulan  bill  (Mons  Janiculus),  XIV.  409, 
1  b  and  c. 

Janina  [ya'-ne-na],  city  of  Albania,  IX.  525 
(view).  Lake,  526,  1  a. 

Jan'izaries,  Turkish  infantry,  IX.  526  (ill.). 
Origin  of  their  disorder  and  insubordination, 
I.  447,  1  a.  Their  extermination,  2  c. 

Jan  Mayen  [yan  mi'-en],  island,  IX.  527. 

Jannequin,  Clement  [zhan-kaDg],  French  musi¬ 
cian,  IX.  527. 

Jan  Sahib  [jan  sa-lieeb'],  Hindoo  poetess,  IX. 
527. 

Jansen,  Annetje  [an'-net-yeh  yan'-sen] :  see 
Bogardus,  Everardus,  II.  780,  1  b. 

Jansen,  Cornelius :  see  Jansenius. 

Jansen,  Zacharias,  invention  of  the  telescope 
claimed  for,  XV.  623,  1  a. 

Jansenius,  Cornelius,  Dutch  theologian,  IX. 
527.  See  Port  Royal,  XIII.  732,  1  c. 

Janssen,  investigations  of  the  solar  spectrum 
by,  XV.  473,  1  b ;  475,  1  b. 

Janssens,  Abraham  [yans'-sence],  Flemish 
painter,  IX.  528. 

Janthi’na  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  b. 

Janua'rius,  Saint,  IX.  528.  Liquefaction  of  his 
blood,  529,  1  b.  See  Naples,  XII.  140, 1  b. 

January,  month,  IX.  529. 

Janus  and  Jana,  Roman  divinities,  IX.  529. 

Japan1,  empire  of  Asia,  IX.  529.  (Map.)  Polit¬ 
ical  divisions,  2  c ;  double  system  of  names, 
530,  1  ab.  Cities,  1  b.  Population,  1  c. 
Coasts  and  rivers,  2  a.  Surface,  2  be.  Vol¬ 
canoes  and  earthquakes,  2  c.  Soil,  531, 1  b. 
Climate,  1  c.  Minerals,  2  b.  Flora,  532, 1  b. 


JAPAN 


JAVA 


419 


Fauna,  2  a.  Inhabitants  and  social  life,  533, 

1  a.  Agriculture,  535, 1  be.  Manufactures, 

2  a.  Commerce,  536,  1  a.  Science,  2  c. 
Fine  arts,  537,  1  be.  Dramas,  2  b.  Reli¬ 
gion,  2  c;  562,  1  a;  563,  1  b.  Government, 
539,  2  b  ;  543,  1  a ;  544,  2  a.  Coinage,  540, 

1  a.  Army  and  navy,  1  b.  Education,  1  c. 
Internal  improvements,  2  a.  Foreign  influ¬ 
ence,  2  b.  Reforms,  541,  1  a. — History,  1  b. 
Establishment  of  Buddhism,  2  c.  Foreign 
intercourse  with  Japan  begun,  543,  1  c.  In¬ 
troduction  of  Christianity,  2  b.  Persecu¬ 
tions  of  the  Christians,  2  c.  Policy  of  se¬ 
clusion  adopted,  544,  1  be.  Social  system, 

2  a.  Perry’s  expedition  to,  545, 1  c.  Policy 
of  seclusion  abandoned,  2  ab.  Abolition  of 
the  sliogunate,  546,  1  c.  Change  in  foreign 
policy,  2  b. 

Japan,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IX.  547. 
Structure  of  the  language,  2  a.  "Written 
characters,  548,  1  a.  Alphabet,  2  b  (ill.). 
Grammar,  549,  2  c. — Literature,  551,  2  a. 
Standard  histories,  2  b.  Miscellaneous  his¬ 
torical  works,  553,  1  be.  Laws,  554,  2  b. 
Biography,  556, 1  b.  Poetry,  557, 1  a.  Ro¬ 
mances,  2  c.  Miscellanies,  559,  2  b.  Jour¬ 
nals,  560, 1  a.  Travels,  1  b.  Dramatic,  1  c. 
Dictionaries  and  works  on  philology,  2  b. 
Topography,  561,  2  ab.  Literature  of  the 
Shinto  religion,  562,  1  a.  Buddhist  litera¬ 
ture,  563, 1  b.  Modern  fiction,  1  c.  Miscel¬ 
laneous  literature,  2  ab. 

Japan  Clover,  IX.  565  (ill.) ;  XIII.  594,  1  a. 
Japan  lily ,  X.  472,  1  b. 

Japanning,  IX.  565. 

Japan  pea,  IX.  565,  1  ab. 

Japetic  stock,  of  mankind,  VI.  754,  1  c. 
Jap'etus,  mythical,  IX.  566 ;  VI.  754,  1  c. 
Ja'pheth,  son  of  Noah,  IX.  566.  Japhetic 
family,  2  be;  I.  799,  1  c. 

Japho :  see  Jaffa. 

Japura  [kha-poo'-ra],  river,  IX.  567. 

Japygia:  see  Apulia,  Messapia,  and  IX.  449, 
1  ab.  Japygians,  439,  1  be. 

JarcJii  [jar'-ke] :  see  Solomon  ben  Isaac. 

Jar  diffusion ,  method  of  dialysis,  VI.  71,  2  b. 
Jaedin,  Karel  du:  see  Dujardin,  Karel. 
Jardin  des  plantes  [zhar-dang  da  planet],  Paris, 
VII.  681,  2  c;  XIII.  81,  1  c,  87,  1  a. 

Jar  god,  of  the  Egyptians,  III.  720,  1  c  (ill.). 
Jargon,  variety  of  zircon,  XVI.  829,  1  a. 
Jargonium :  see  Zirconium,  XVI.  829,  1  ab. 
Jarnac  [zhar-nak],  town  of  France,  IX.  567. 
Battle  of,  1  c.  Coup  de  Jarnac,  ib. 


Jaroslav:  see  Yaroslav. 

Jarrah,  W.  Australia  mahogany,  XVI.  563, 1  a. 
Jaerow,  town  of  England,  IX.  567. 

Jarves,  James  Jackson,  American  author,  IX. 

567.  Jarves  gallery  of  ,  art,  XVI.  767,  1  a. 
Jarvis,  Abraham,  bishop,  IX.  567.  Samuel 

Farmer,  clergyman,  2  c. 

Jarvis,  Edward,  physician  and  statistician,  IX. 

568.  On  the  census,  IV.  197, 1  c.  His  table 
of  personal  inquiries  in  the  censuses  of  dif¬ 
ferent  countries,  200,  2  a. 

Jasher,  Book  of,  IX.  568.  A  treatise  on  Jew¬ 
ish  laws,  2  b.  A  forgery  so  called,  2  c. 
Jasmin,  Jacques  [zhas-mang],  Provencal  poet, 
IX.  568. 

Jasmine  [jaz'-min],  shrub,  IX.  569  (ill.).  Cape 
jasmine,  570,  1  a  (ill.).  Carolina  or  yellow 
jasmine,  1  c. 

Jasmi'num  (botany),  IX.  569,  1  c.  J.  offici¬ 
nale,  2  b  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Jason:  see  Argonauts. 

Jasper,  mineral,  IX.  570. 

Jasper,  name  of  seven  counties,  IX.  571. 
Jasper,  county  seats,  VI.  282,  2  a;  VIII.  413, 
la;  IX.  571,  1  c;  XI.  169,  1  ab;  XII.  345, 
1  a;  XIII.  497,  2  a;  XVI.  428,  2  be. 

Jasper,  William,  American  soldier,  IX.  571. 
Jasper  ware,  AFedgwood’s,  XIII.  783,  1  b. 
Jassiorum  Municipium,  IX.  572,  1  be. 

Jassy  [yas'-se],  capital  of  Moldavia,  IX.  572. 
Jaszbereny  [yas'-ber-ainy’],  town  of  Hungary, 
IX.  572. 

Jateorrhiza  palmata  (botany),  V.  122,  2  c.  J. 
calumba,  ib. 

Jathrip'pa :  see  Medina,  XI.  353,  1  c. 
Jat'ropha  elas'tica  (botany),  III.  734,  1  c. 

Jats  [jats],  race  of  India,  IX.  572;  213,  2  b, 
214,  1  b. 

Jaubert,  Pierre  Amed6e  Emilien  Probe  [zho- 
bair],  French  orientalist,  IX.  572. 

Jauer  [yow'-er],  town  of  Prussia,  IX.  572. 
Jauja  [khow'-kha],  town  of  Peru,  IX.  573. 
Jaundice  [jan'-dis],  morbid  affection,  IX.  573. 
The  two  types  of,  2  ab.  See  Cholesterine, 
IV.  514,  2  c. 

Jaunpoor :  see  Joonpoor. 

Jauts:  see  Jats. 

Java  [ja'-va],  East  Indian  island,  IX.  573. 
Coasts,  2  c.  Geology,  volcanoes,  &c.,  574, 

1  a.  Lakes  and  rivers,  2  a.  Climate,  2  b. 
Flora,  2  c.  Fauna,  575,  1  ab.  Political  di¬ 
visions,  1  be.  People,  1  c.  Occupations, 

2  b.  Ancient  remains,  576,  1  a  (ill.,  temple 
of  Borobobo).  Music,  1  c.  Religion,  2  a. 


420 


JAVA 


JELALABAD 


Commerce,  2  be.  Government,  2  c.  His¬ 
tory,  577,  1  c. 

Java,  Language  and  Literature  of,  IX.  578. 
Alphabet,  1  b  (ill.). 

Ja'van:  see  Japheth,  IX.  566,  2  c.  Children 
of,  330,  2  c. 

Jav'an  cock ,  IV.  780,  2  a. 

Java  sparrow,  VII.  190,  2  a. 

Javelin  [jav'-lin],  Roman,  I.  734,  2  c. 

Jaw  crushers ,  in  gold  mining,  VIII.  84,  2  a. 

Jaxartes  [jax-ar'-teez],  river  of  Asia,  IX.  579. 

Jay,  bird,  IX.  579.  Blue  jay,  1  c  (ill.).  Can¬ 
ada  jay,  &c.,  2  c.  European  jay,  580,  1  a. 

Jay,  county,  IX.  580. 

Jay,  John,  American  statesman  and  jurist,  IX. 
580.  In  the  American  revolution,  2  a.  Diplo¬ 
matic  career,  581, 2  b ;  582, 2  a.  Jay’s  treaty, 
2  ab ;  I.  91,  1  b.  Defence  of  by  Chief  Jus¬ 
tice  Marshall,  XI.  200,  2  a.  Adoption  of  the 
federal  constitution  advocated  by  him,  IX. 
582,  1  c.  Chief  Justice,  ib.  Governor  of 
JSTew  York,  583,  1  c.  Opposition  to  slavery, 
ib. — William,  jurist  and  philanthropist,  2  be. 
John,  lawyer  and  diplomatist,  584,  1  be. 

Jay,  William,  English  clergyman,  IX.  584. 

Jayadeva  [ji-a-da'-va],  Hindoo  poet,  IX.  584. 

Jazet,  Jean  Pierre  Marie  [zlia-za],  French  en¬ 
graver,  IX.  584.  Eugene  and  Alexandre  Jean 
Louis,  2  c. 

Jazyges  [jaz'-e-jeez],  Sannatian  tribe,  IX.  584. 

Jazygia  :  see  Jazyges. 

Jeaffreson,  John  Cordy  [jef'-fer-sun],  English 
author,  IX.  585. 

Jean  Jacques  I.  [zhang  zhak] :  see  Dessalines, 
VI.  48,  2  b. 

Jeanne  JArc  [zhan  dark] :  see  Joan  of  Arc. 

Jeanne  la  Hachette  [la  a-shet],  French  heroine, 
II.  433,  1  b. 

Jean  Paul  [zhang  pole] :  see  Richter. 

Jean  Potage  [puh-tazh],  harlequin, VIII.  463, 2b. 

Jeanron,  Philippe  Auguste  [zhang-rong],  French 
painter,  IX.  585. 

Jebail  [jeh-bile'],  town  of  Syria,  IX.  585. 

Jebeil  [j8h-bail'] :  see  Jebail. 

Jeb'el  el-Abiad ,  mountains  in  Africa, III.  740, 2  c. 

Jebel  esh-Shurki  [-shoor'ke]:  seeAxTi-LiBANus. 

Jebel  Libnan:  see  Lebanon. 

Jebel  Manhali  [man-ha'-le] :  see  Cape  Bab-el- 
Mandel. 

Jebel  Nebi  Earun  [na'-be  ha-roon'] :  see  Hor. 

Jebel  Sabir ,  mountain,  Yemen,  XVI.  782,  1  b. 

Jebel  Shomer:  see  Shomer. 

Jebus  (Jerusalem),  IX.  620,  1  a. 

Jedburgh  [Scot,  jed'-bur-ruh],  town  of  Scot¬ 


land,  IX.  585.  Ruins  of  Jedburgh  abbey, 
2  c  (ill.) 

Jeddah :  see  Jiddah. 

Jefferson,  twenty-three  counties,  IX.  586. 
Jefferson,  city  of  Texas,  IX.  588. 

Jefferson ,  county  seats,  I.  808,  2  a;  II.  7,  1  a; 

VIII.  228,  2  b;  IX.  482,  2  b ;  588,  1  b. 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  president  of  the  United 

States,  IX.  589.  His  bill  permitting  manu¬ 
mission,  1  c.  His  course  against  British  ag¬ 
gression,  2  a.  Delegate  to  congress,  590, 1  a. 
Declaration  of  Independence,  1  c ;  charge  of 
want  of  originality,  2  ab.  Reforms  in  the 
organic  laws  of  Virginia,  2  c.  Governor  of 
the  state,  591,  2  a.  Member  of  congress,  592, 

1  b.  Minister  to  Europe,  2  a ;  to  France,  2  b. 
Secretary  of  state,  2  c.  Leader  of  the  re¬ 
publicans,  593,  1  a,  c.  The  affair  of  Genest, 

2  a.  Elected  vice  president,  594, 1  a  ;  pres¬ 
ident,  2  a.  Purchase  of  Louisiana,  2  c.  Re¬ 
elected,  595, 1  a.  Embargo,  1  b.  Principal 
founder  of  the  university  of  Virginia,  1  c. 
Characterization,  2  a.  His  views  on  slavery, 
596,  2  a.  His  works,  2  b  (see  592, 1  a).  His 
plan  of  national  coinage,  592,  1  be ;  IV.  26, 
2  ab.  Opposition  to  quarantine  legislation, 
XIV.  130,  2  a. 

Jefferson  City,  capital  of  Missouri,  IX.  596. 
Jeffersonia,  plant,  IX.  597  (ill.). 

Jeffersonton ,  county  seat,  III.  647,  2  a. 
Jeffersonville,  city  of  Indiana,  IX.  597. 
u  Jeffre'idos”  satirical  poem,  VI.  336,  1  a. 
Jeffrey,  Francis,  Scottish  critic,  IX.  597. 
Jeffrey ,  Posa:  see  Vertner. 

Jeffreys,  George,  lord,  English  judge,  IX. 
598 ;  II.  404,  1  a. 

Jeffries,  John,  American  physician,  IX.  599. 
His  balloon  voyage  across  the  British  chan, 
nel,  2  a ;  I.  146,  2  a. 

Jehan ,  Shah  [je-lian'],  emperor,  IX.  208,  2  c. 
Jehanghir[]z-\\&n-g\iQQr'~\,  emperor,  IX.  208, 2  be. 
Jehiel ,  Nathan  ben ,  his  ’Arukh  referred  to, 
IV.  231,  1  c  (Chaldee  Language). 
jEnosn'APHAT,  king  of  Judah,  IX.  599.  Val¬ 
ley  of,  2  c;  612,  2  a,  b  (see  map). 
jEiiovAn,  Hebrew  name  of  the  Supreme  Being, 

IX.  599.  See  Adonai. 

Jejee'bhoy,  Sir  Jamsetjee,  Parsee  philanthro¬ 
pist,  IX.  600.  Cursetjee,  his  son,  2  a. 
Jejunia  quatuor  £em/}0nm,fastdays,VI.559,2b. 
Jejunium  quadragesimale ,  Lent,  X.  343,  1  c. 
Jejunum ,  in  anatomy,  IX.  323,  2  b. 
Jelalabad',  two  towns  of  Afghanistan,  IX. 
600. 


JE  L’AY  EMPRI 


JESUITS 


421 


Je  Vay  empri  [zhuh  la,  ang-pre],  device,  YIII. 
89,  2  a. 

Jelf,  Richard  William,  English  clergyman,  IX. 

600.  William  Edward,  author,  1  c. 
Jellaciiicii  de  Buzim,  Joseph,  baron  [yel'-la- 
chitch  deh  boo'-zim],  Austrian  general,  IX. 
600.  See  Austria,  II.  146,  1  c;  Hungary, 
IX.  59,  2  b,  ff. 

Jelly ,  XIII.  823,  1  be. 

Jelly  Fish,  IX.  601.  Sun  fish,  1  c  (ill.).  Stages 
of  growth,  2  b  (ill.). 

Jelum :  see  Jhylum. 

Jemadar ,  Hindoo  officer,  XIV.  770,  2  be. 

Jemez  [ha'-mess],  county  seat,  XIV.  616,  1  b. 
Jemmapes  [zhem-map],  village  of  Belgium,  IX. 
602.  Battle  of,  2  a. 

Jena  [ya'-na],  town  of  Germany,  IX.  602. 
University,  2  be.  Battle  of  Jena,  603, 1  be; 
III.  42,  2  ab. 

Jengis  Khan  :  see  Genghis  Khan. 

Jenisei:  see  Yenisei. 

Jenkinson ,  Charles:  see  Liverpool,  earl  of. 
Robert  Banks,  ib. 

Jenner,  Edward,  English  physician,  discoverer 
of  vaccination,  IX.  603. 

Jenner,  Sir  William,  physician,  IX.  604. 
Jennings,  county,  IX.  604. 

Jennings,  William,  English  miser,  IX.  604. 
Jen'yns,  Soame,  English  author,  IX.  604. 

J EPHTnAH,  a  judge  of  Israel,  IX.  605. 

Jeque  [kha'-ka],  title  of  Muysca  chief  and  priest, 
XII.  107,  2  a,  b. 

jEQUiTiNnoNHA  [zlia-ke-te-nyo'-nya],  river  of 
Brazil,  IX.  605. 

Jerash :  see  Gerasa. 

Jer'boa,  animal,  IX.  605  (ill.). 

Jeremiah,  Hebrew  prophet,  IX.  606. 

Jerez  de  la  Frontera  [kha-raith/  da  la  frone- 
ta'-ra],  town  of  Spain,  IX.  606. 

Jerfalcon :  see  Gerfalcon. 

Jericho,  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  IX.  607. 
Jericho,  Rose  of :  see  Rose  of  Jericho. 
Jerked  beef,  XIII.  823,  2  c. 

Jerobo'am,  founder  of  the  kingdom  of  Israel, 
IX.  607.  Son  of  Joash,  king,  1  c. 

Jerome,  king  of  Westphalia:  see  Bonaparte, 
J6r6me,  III.  26. 

Jerome,  Saint,  IX.  607.  His  version  of  the 
Bible,  608,  1  a,  b;  II.  613,  2  a.  Study  and 
tomb  of,  II.  595,  2  b.  The  four  gospels  col¬ 
lected  in  one  volume  by  him,  XI.  635,  2  c. 
Jerome  of  Ascoli  (Pope  Nicholas  IV.),  allusion 
to,  II.  207,  1  ab. 

Jerome  of  Prague,  reformer,  IX.  608. 


Jeropiga  tinta  [zha-ro-pe'-ga  tee^'-ta] :  seo 
Portugal,  Wines  of,  XIII.  746,  1  be. 
Jerrold,  Douglas  William,  English  author,  IX. 

609.  William  Blanchard,  author,  2  a. 
Jersey,  county,  IX.  609.  * 

Jersey,  Channel  island,  IX.  609.  Mount  Or- 
gueil  castle,  610,  2  a  (ill.). 

“  Jersey  Blues  f  allusion  to,  V.  724,  1  b. 
Jersey  City,  city  of  New  Jersey,  IX.  610. 
Jersey  forge ,  II.  742,  2  b. 

Jerseyxille ,  county  seat,  IX.  609,  2  c. 
Jerub'baal :  see  Gideon. 

Jerusalem,  city  of  Palestine,  IX.  612.  Envi¬ 
rons,  2  a.  Plan,  613.  Ancient  walls,  1  c. 
Modern  city,  2  be.  Ancient  temple,  614, 1  c. 
Great  mosque,  615,  1  a  (ill.,  614).  Harain 
esh-Sherif,  2  ab.  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepul¬ 
chre,  2  be  (ill.,  616).  Citadel,  617,  2  b. 
Tomb  of  David,  2c;  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  618, 
1  a  (ilk).  Explorations,  1  c.  Government,  2  c. 
Jews,  619, 1  a.  Christians,  1  c.  History,  620, 

1  a. — Ancient  sewerage  of,  XIV.  795,  1  ab. 
Jerusalem,  county  seat,  XV.  188,  2  b. 
Jerusalem,  king  of,  so  called,  IX.  834,  1  b. 
Jerusalem,  kingdom  of,  established,  V.  529,  1  b ; 

destroyed,  531,  2  b.  See  Jerusalem,  IX. 
622,  1  a. 

Jerusalem,  Johann  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [ya-roo'- 
za-lem],  German  theologian,  IX.  622. 
Jerusalem  artichoke,  I.  782,  1  c. 

Jerusalem  Cherry,  plant,  IX.  622  (ill.). 
Jervas,  Charles,  British  painter,  IX.  623. 
Jervis,  Sir  John,  earl  of  St.  Vincent,  admiral, 
IX.  623. 

Jesi  [ya'-ze],  town  of  Italy,  IX.  623. 

Jesi,  Samuele,  Italian  engraver,  IX.  623. 
Jessamine  [jes'-sa-min] :  see  Jasmine. 
Jessamine,  county,  IX.  623. 

Jesse,  John  Heneage,  English  author,  IX.  623. 
Jesso  :  see  Yezo. 

Jessulmeer',  town  of  India,  IX.  623. 

Jester:  see  Fool. 

Jesuits,  religious  order,  IX.  623.  Origin,  2  c. 
Constitutions,  625, 1  c.  “  Spiritual  Exercises  ” 
of  St.  Ignatius,  628,  2  a.  Growth,  629,  1  b. 
Missions,  630,  1  a.  Their  expulsion  from 
Portugal,  Spain,  and  France,  2  c.  Suppres¬ 
sion,  631,  1  c;  in  Austria  (1773),  XI.  731, 

2  a;  in  the  German  empire  (1873),  732,  1  a, 
VII.  760,  2  c;  in  Russia  (1821— ’2),  I.  283, 
2  a.  Restoration,  IX.  632,  1  a.  Varying  for¬ 
tunes  in  Italy,  Spain,  &c.,  1  c.  In  America, 
634,  1  a.  Present  number,  2  ab.  Generals, 
2  c.  Scholars  and  writers,  635,  1  a.  Im- 


422 


JESUITS 


JOGUES 


moral  ethical  principles  attributed  to,  1  be. 
Their  quarrel  with  the  Jansenists:  see  Jan- 
senius,  Poet  Royal,  and  Pascal. — In  Abys¬ 
sinia,  I.  46,  1  c,  48,  2  a ;  in  Japan,  XII.  472, 

1  b.  Their  geographical  discoveries  referred 
to,  VII.  685,  2  b. 

Jesuits’  Baek  :  see  Cinchona. 

Jesfup,  county  seat,  XVI.  519,  1  c, 

Jesus  Cheist,  IX.  635.  See  Cheistianity. 
Jesus  patib'ilis :  see  Manichbsans,  XI.  107,  2  b. 
Jeswunt  Bow  Uolkar ,  Hindoo  chieftain,  IX. 
254,  1  c. 

Jet,  mineral,  IX.  638 ;  III.  344,  2  a. 

Je'teb,  Jeremiah  B.,  American  clergyman,  IX. 
638. 

Jetsam  :  see  Flotsam. 

Jettison ,  in  law,  II.  160,  2  b;  VII.  286,  1  b. 
Jeu  celeste  [zliiih  sa-lest],  in  pianos,  XIII.  491, 

2  b. 

Jeunesse  doree ,  la  [la  zhiih~ness  do-ra],  political 
association,  VII.  482,  1  c ;  IX.  500,  1  b, 
Jev'ons,  William  Stanley,  English  author,  IX. 

638.  On  logic,  X.  582,  2  ab.  Opposition  to 
the  doctrine  of  evolution,  583,  1  b.  On  po¬ 
litical  economy,  XIII.  674,  1  b. 

Jew,  the  Wandering:  see  Wandeeing  Jew. 
Jewel,  John,  English  bishop,  IX.  638. 

Jewell,  county,  IX.  639. 

Jewell ,  John :  see  Jewel. 

Jewell ,  Joseph ,  his  preparation  of  calomel,  III. 
625,  1  a. 

Jewell  City ,  county  seat,  IX.  639,  1  a. 

Jewish  icailing  place ,  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  615,  2  b. 
Jews  :  see  Hebbews  (Index). 

Jewsbuey,  Maria  Jane,  English  writer,  IX. 

639.  Geraldine  Endsor,  writer,  1  b. 

Jews'1  mallow ,  plant,  IX.  729,  2  a. 

Jews’  pitch ,  II.  19,  2  c  ;  672,  2  a.  Origin  of 
the  name,  V.  726,  1  a. 

Jeypooe  [ji-poor'],  state  of  India,  IX.  639. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Jezreel  [jez'-re-el],  fountain  of,  VII.  807,  2  a. 
City  of,  2  ab. 

Jhansi  [jan'-see],  town  of  India,  IX.  639. 
Jharal ,  species  of  goat,  VIII.  57,  1  b. 

Jhils  [jeels],  ponds  in  Oude,  XII.  738,  2  a. 
Jhylum  [jl'-lum],  river  of  India,  IX.  639. 

Jib ,  sail,  XIV.  865, 1  c.  Flying  jib,  jib  boom,  ib. 
Jib ,  of  a  crane,  V.  458,  2  b. 

Jiddah,  town  of  Arabia,  IX.  639  (view,  640)  ; 
XV.  777,  1  ab. 

Jig ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  422,  2  c. 

Jigat :  see  Dwaeaca. 

Jigger ,  sand  flea :  see  Chigo,  and  VI.  697,  1  c. 


Jigger ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  422,  2  c. 

Jihoon':  see  Oxus. 

Jimmu  Tenno ,  emperor  of  Japan,  IX.  541,  1  c. 

Jinan  [je'-nan],  a  Jain  deity,  IX.  508,  1  ab. 

Jinns ,  genii,  IX.  697,  2  c ;  VII.  63,  1  be. 

Jipijapa  hats  [Sp.  khe-pe-kha/-pa],  referred  to, 
VIII.  294,  1  a;  XV.  413,  2  c. 

Jizeh :  see  Gizeh. 

Jizo  [je'-zo],  Japanese  deities,  IX.  539,  1  ab. 

Jo'ab,  Hebrew  warrior,  IX.  640. 

Joachim,  king  of  Maples :  see  Mueat. 

Joachim,  Joseph  [yo'-a-khim],  German  violin¬ 
ist,  IX.  640. 

Joachimsthal  [yo'-a-khimce-tal],  Bohemia,  IX. 
641.  Origin  of  the  term  thaler,  1  b.  Burn¬ 
ing  of  the  church  of  St.  J oachim,  1  c. 

Joachimsthaler ,  coin,  VI.  187,  1  b. 

Joan,  Pope  [jone],  fictitious,  IX.  641.  Refu¬ 
tation  of  the  fiction,  2  a.  Representation 
of  it  in  a  miracle  play,  XI.  627,  1  b. 

Joan  of  Aec,  French  heroine,  IX.  641.  See 
Chaeles  VII.,  IV.  286,  2  b.  Capture  and 
condemnation,  II.  449,  1  a.  Place  of  her 
capture,  V.  189,  2  a.  Place  of  her  imprison¬ 
ment,  VIII.  407,  2  c.  Statue  of,  by  Marie 
d’Orleans,  V.  206,  2  a ;  IX.  642,  1  c.  See 
Faieies,  VII.  64,  1  c. 

Joan  of  Kent:  see  BocnEE,  Joan  (Index). 

Joanes,  Vicente  :  see  Juanes. 

Joan'na  I.,  queen  of  Maples,  IX.  642.  Joanna 
II.,  643,  1  b :  see  I.  296,  2  b. 

Joannes,  Island  of  [zho-an'-ness] :  see  Maeajo. 

Joanny  [zho-an'-ne],  French  actor,  IX.  643. 

Joaquin  etal.  [hwa-keen'] :  see  Millee,  Joaquin. 

Job,  Book  of,  IX.  643.  Poetic  description  of 
ancient  mining,  XI.  570,  1  c. 

Jobbe-Duval,  Armand  Marie  Felix  [zhuh-ba- 
dii-val],  French  painter,  IX.  644. 

Jobeet,  Antoine  Joseph  [zliuh-bair],  (Jobert  de 
Lamballe),  physician,  IX.  644. 

Job’s  Teaes,  fruit  used  for  rosaries,  IX.  644, 
(ills.). 

Jocasta:  see  (Edipus. 

Jocundus:  see  Giocondo. 

•Jo  Daviess  [da'- vis],  county,  IX.  645. 

Jode,  Pieter  de  [yo'-deh],  the  elder,  Flemish 
engraver,  IX.  645.  Pieter  the  younger,  1  c. : 

Jodel  der  Karr  [yo'-del],  jester,  VII.  308,  1  ab. 

Jodelle,  Etienne  [zhuh-d&l],  French  dramatic 
poet,  IX.  645. 

Jod'ocus  Praten'sis :  see  Josquin  des  Pees. 

Joch  [yokh],  Austrian  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Joel,  Hebrew  prophet,  IX.  645. 

Jogues,  Isaac  [zhoag],  missionary,  IX.  645. 


JOHANNA 


JOnXSOH 


423 


Johanna  Island,  Mozambique  channel,  IX.  646. 
Johannes ,  king  of  Abyssinia:  see  Kasa  (Index). 
Johannes  Parvus:  see  John  of  Salisbury. 
Johannes  Secundus,  Dutch  poet,  IX.  646. 
Johanneum ,  institution  in  Gratz,  VIII.  173,  2  a. 
Johanneum  college ,  in  Hamburg,  VIII.  411,  1  a. 
Joiiannisberg  [yo-lian'-nis-bairg] :  see  Ger¬ 
many,  Wines  of,  VII.  773,  2  be. 
Johannisburg ,  palace  of,  I.  804,  1  c. 

Johannites,  adherents  of  Chrysostom,  IV.  564, 

1  a. 

Johannot,  Charles  Henri  Alfred  [zho-an-no], 
French  artist,  IX.  646.  Tony,  designer,  2  a. 
John,  name  of  23  popes,  IX.  646.  I.,  Saint, 

2  a.  VIII.,  2  b.  X.,  Giovanni  Cenci,  647, 1  a. 
XI.,  Giovanni  Conti,  1  b.  XII.,  Ottaviano 
Conti,  1  be.  XXII.,  Jacques  d’Euse,  1  c. 
XXIII.,  Baltassare  Cossa,  2  c. 

John,  king  of  England,  IX.  648.  See  Magna 
Charta.  His  quarrel  with  the  pope,  649, 
2  a  ;  X.  146,  1  a. 

John  /.,  king  of  Portugal,  XIII.  740,  1  b. 

John  II.,  le  Bon,  king  of  France,  IX.  650. 
John  II.  Casimir,  king  of  Poland,  IX.  650. 
John  III.  Sobieski,  king  of  Poland,  IX.  651. 
John  I.,  Zimisces ,  emperor  of  Constantinople, 
III.  516, 1  b.  IT.,  Comnenus  (Kalo- Joannes), 
2  be.  V.  or  VI.,  517,  2  be.  VI.  or  VII., 
518,  1  ab ;  VII.  277,  2  c,  ff. 

John ,  king  of  Bohemia :  see  John  of  Luxem¬ 
burg  (Index). 

JonN,  king  of  Saxony,  IX.  651. 

John,  archduke  of  Austria,  IX.  652. 

John,  Eugenie  [yone],  German  novelist,  IX.  652. 
JonN,  Knights  of  Saint :  see  Saint  John. 

John  the  Almoner ,  St.,  XIV.  535,  1  be. 

John  of  Austria,  Don,  son  of  Charles  V., 
Spanish  general,  IX.  652. 

John  of  Austria ,  Don,  son  of  Philip  IV.  of 
Spain :  see  Charles  II.,  IV.  301,  1  b. 

John  the  Baptist,  IX.  653. 

John  of  Damascus :  see  Damascene,  John. 
John  Day's  river,  Oregon,  XII.  679,  1  a. 

John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe ,  VI.  484,  2  a. 

John  the  Evangelist,  apostle,  IX.  654. 

JonN  the  Fearless,  duke  of  Burgundy,  IX.  655. 
John  of  Gaunt,  duke  of  Lancaster,  IX.  665 ; 
II.  425,  1  c;  VII.  791,  1  a;  XIV.  313,  1  c. 
His  patronage  of  Chaucer,  IV.  341,  2  c.  His 
illegitimate  children,  VIII.  647,  1  c ;  IX. 
655,  1  be.  His  support  of  Wycliffe,  XVI. 
474,  1  c. 

John  the  Grammarian,  his  doctrine  of  the 
Deity,  V.  334,  1  b. 


John  of  Hapsburg,  I.  251,  1  c.  See  John  of 
Swabia. 

John  of  Kustrin,  X.  65,  2  ab. 

John  d  Lasco :  see  Laski,  Jan. 

John  of  Leyden,  Dutch' fanatic,  IX.  655.  See 
Anabaptists. 

John  of  Luxemburg,  blind  king  of  Bohemia, 
IV.  293,  1  a ;  V.  470,  2  a ;  VI.  439,  1  c. 

John  of  Matha,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
order  of  Trinitarians,  VII.  115,  2  b. 

John  of  Nepomuk :  see  Xepomucen. 

John  the  Parricide :  see  John  of  Swabia. 

John  of  Salisbury,  philosopher,  IX.  655. 

John  Scotus  :  see  Erigena. 

Joiin  of  Swabia,  German  prince,  IX.  655. 

Johnny -go-to-bed,  plant,' XV.  323,  1  be. 

Johnny-jump-up  (or  jumper),  XVI.  363,  1  a. 

Johnny  the  Piper,  fanatic,  XIII.  215,  1  b. 

Johns  Hophins  university,  XVI.  215,  1  c.  See 
Baltimore,  II.  255,  1  ab. 

Johnson,  name  of  eleven  counties,  IX.  656. 

Johnson,  Alexander  Bryan,  American  author, 
IX.  657. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  president  of  the  United 
States,  IX.  657.  His  career  as  a  tailor, 
1  be.  In  the  Tennessee  legislature,  658,  1  b. 
In  congress,  2  a.  Governor,  ib.  U.  S. 
senator,  2  b.  Opponent  of  secession,  659, 
1  a.  Military  governor,  1  be.  Vice  presi¬ 
dent,  and  president  by  succession,  660,  1  a. 
Reconstruction,  1  be.  Conflict  with  con¬ 
gress,  1  c.  Impeachment,  661,  2  a;  ac¬ 
quittal,  2  b.  (Died  1875.) 

Johnson,  Eastman,  American  painter,  IX.  662. 

Johnson,  Edward,  American  historian,  IX. 
662. 

Johnson,  Isaac,  a  colonizer  of  Massachusetts, 
IX.  662.  Arbella  or  Arabella  (“  Lady  Ar* 
bella  ”),  2  ab. 

Johnson,  Reverdy,  American  statesman,  IX. 
662.  (Died  1876.)  Johnson  -  Clarendon 
treaty,  IV.  635,  1  b. 

Johnson,  Richard  Mentor,  American  states¬ 
man,  IX.  662.  Battle  of  the  Thames,  663, 
1  ab.  Vice  president,  1  b. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  American  clergyman,  IX.  663. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  English  author,  IX.  663. 
His  dictionary,  664,  2  ab  ;  665,  2  a.  “  The 
Rambler,”  1  b.  “The  Idler,”  2  b.  “Ras- 
selas,”  ib.  Personal  habits,  2  be ;  667,  1  b. 
Edition  of  Shakespeare,  666,  1  c.  Friend¬ 
ship  with  the  Thrales,  2  a;  with  Boswell,  2  c. 
Political  pamphlets,  667,  1  be.  “  Lives  of  the 
Poets,”  2  a.  Literary  characteristics,  2  be. 


424 


JOHHSOH 


JORG 


Johnson,  "Walter  Rogers,  American  physicist, 
IX.  668. 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  general  and  colonial 
officer,  IX.  668.  Sir  John,  general,  669,  2  b. 

Johnsonville ,  county  seat,  XV.  482,  1  b. 

Johnston,  county,  IX.  669. 

Johnston,  Albert  Sidney,  American  soldier, 
IX.  669. 

Johnston,  Alexander,  Scottish  painter,  IX.  670. 

Johnston,  Alexander  Keith,  geographer,  IX. 
670. 

Johnston,  Arthur,  physician,  IX.  670. 

Johnston,  Charles,  British  satirist,  IX.  670. 

Johnston,  George,  Scottish  naturalist,  IX.  670. 

Johnston,  James  F.  W.,  chemist,  IX.  671. 

Johnston,  Joseph  Eccleston,  American  soldier, 
IX.  671. 

Johnstone,  town  of  Scotland,  IX.  671. 

Johnstown,  village  of  Hew  York,  IX.  671. 
Borough  of  Pennsylvania,  672,  1  a. 

Joigny  [zhwa-nye],  town  of  France,  IX.  672. 

Joint ,  in  anatomy :  see  Articulation. 

Joint-Stock  Company,  IX.  672. 

Joint  Tenants,  in  law,  IX.  672. 

Joinville,  Francois  Ferdinand  Philippe  Louis 
Marie  d’Orleans,  prince  de,  IX.  672. 

Joinville,  Jean,  sire  de  [duh  zhwang-veel], 
French  chronicler,  IX.  673. 

J6kai,  Mor  [yo'-kaw-e],  Hungarian  author, 
IX.  674. 

Jokjokebta,  or  Jokyokarta,  province  of  Java, 
IX.  674.  Capital,  1  b. 

Jol'iba:  see  Higer. 

Joliet  [jo'-le-et],  city  of  Illinois,  IX.  674. 

Joliet,  Charles  [zhuh-lya],  French  author,  IX. 
674. 

Joliet ,  Louis:  see  Jolliet. 

Joliette  [Fr.  zhuh-lyet],  county  of  Canada, 
IX.  674.  Town,  2  ab. 

Jolliet,  Louis,  French  explorer,  IX.  674. 

J ollivet,  Pierre  Jules  [zhuh-le-va],  painter, 
IX.  675. 

Jomard,  Edme  Francois  [zhiih-mar],  geogra¬ 
pher,  IX.  675. 

Jomelli,  Hicold  [yo-mel'-le],  Italian  composer, 
IX.  675. 

Jomini,  Henri,  baron  [zhuh-me-ne],  French 
military  historian,  IX.  675. 

Jonah,  Hebrew  prophet,  IX.  676.  So-called 
tomb  of:  see  Hineveh,  XII.  456,  1  c. 

Jonas,  Justus  [yo'-nas],  German  theologian, 
IX.  676. 

Jonathan,  brother  of  Judas  Maccabosus :  see 
Hebrews,  VIII.  592,  1  a,  2  a. 


Jonathan ,  son  of  Saul,  V.  705,  1  ab,  ff. 

Jones,  five  counties,  IX.  676. 

Jones,  Anson,  president  of  Texas,  IX.  677. 

Jones,  Inigo,  English  architect,  IX.  677. 

Jones,  Jacob,  American  naval  officer,  IX.  678. 

Jones,  John,  Welsh  clergyman,  IX.  678. 

Jones,  John  Paul,  American  naval  officer,  IX. 
678. 

Jones ,  Dr.  Joseph,  on  the  diseases  in  Anderson- 
ville  prison,  I.  474,  2  be. 

Jones,  Owen,  English  architect,  IX.  679.  On 
the  Alhambra,  2  be;  I.  310,  1  c.  Owen, 
Welsh  archaeologist  (1740-1814),  IX.  679,  2  b. 

Jones,  Thomas  Rymer,  English  anatomist,  IX. 
680;  I.  161,  1  be.  His  classification  of  rep¬ 
tiles,  VIII.  694,  2  b;  of  fishes,  IX.  161,  1  ab. 

Jones,  William,  English  divine,  IX.  681. 

Jones,  Sir  William,  orientalist,  IX.  680 ;  X. 
294,  2  c. 

Jonesboro,  village  of  Georgia,  IX.  681.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  1  c. 

Jonesborough ,  county  seats,  XVI.  112,  2  b ; 
475,  1  a. 

Jonesville,  county  seat,  X.  289,  2  a. 

Jongleurs  [zhong-glur],  IX.  707,  1  c;  XIV.  40, 
1  b. 

Jonkoping  [yon-cho'-ping],  province  of  Swe¬ 
den,  IX.  681.  Town,  2  a. 

Jonquil ,  variety  of  the  canary,  III.  692,  1  c. 

Jonquil ,  flower,  XII.  145,  1  b,  2  b. 

Jonson,  Benjamin,  English  dramatist,  IX.  681. 

Jonsson,  Finn  [yons'-son],  Icelandic  historian, 
IX.  682. 

Joodpoor',  state  of  India,  IX.  682.  Town,  2  c. 

Joonpoor,  town  of  India,  IX.  683. 

Joppa  :  see  Jaffa. 

Jordaens,  Jacob  [yor'-dance],  Flemish  painter, 
IX.  683. 

Jor'dan,  river  of  Palestine,  IX.  683.  Sources, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Jordan ,  river  of  Utah,  VIII.  182,  2  b;  184, 1  a. 

Jordan,  Camille  [zlior-dang],  French  statesman, 
IX.  684. 

Jordan,  Charles  Etienne,  author,  IX.  684. 

Jordan,  Dorothy,  Irish  actress,  mistress  of  the 
duke  of  Clarence  (William  IV.),  IX.  684. 

Jordan,  Rudolph  [yor'-dan],  German  painter, 
IX.  684. 

Jordan,  Wilhelm,  German  poet,  IX.  684. 

Jorda'nes:  see  Jornandes. 

Jordanus  of  Namur,  mathematical  works  of, 
I.  708,  1  ab. 

Jorg,  Joseph  Edmund  [yorg],  German  author, 
IX.  685. 


JORG 


JUARROS 


425 


Jorg,  Johann  Christian  Gottfried,  physician, 
IX.  685.  Eduard,  physician,  1  b. 

Jor'genson,  Jorgen  [Dan.  yor'-ghen-son],  Da¬ 
nish  adventurer,  IX.  685. 

Jornandes,  Gothic  historian,  IX.  685. 

Jortin,  John,  Englishdivineand  author,  IX.  686. 

Joruxlo  [kho-roo'-lyo],  volcano  of  Mexico,  IX. 

686  (ill.). 

Joseph,  Hebrew  patriarch,  IX.  686. 

Joseph,  reputed  father  of  Jesus,  IX.  687. 

Joseph  I.,  emperor  of  Germany,  IX.  687.  Com¬ 
pelled  to  restore  the  churches  taken  from 
his  Protestant  subjects,  IV.  305,  1  b. 

Joseph  II.,  emperor  of  Germany,  IX.  687 ;  X. 
356,  la;  II.  145,  1  ab;  IX.  58,  2  b. 

Joseph,  king  of  Naples  and  Spain :  see  Bona- 
parte,  Joseph,  III.  29. 

Joseph,  Father  [zhuh-z&f],  confidential  friend 
of  Richelieu,  IX.  688. 

Josephine  [jo-zeh-feen'J,  county,  IX.  687. 

Josephine,  empress  of  France:  see  Bonaparte, 
III.  46,  2  a.  Her  first  marriage,  ib. ;  II.  426, 

1  b.  Introduction  to  Bonaparte,  III.  46, 

2  c ;  marriage,  ib. ;  divorce,  47,  1  be. 

Jose'phus,  Flavius,  Jewish  historian,  IX.  689. 

Josh  Bell,  county,  IX.  689. 

Joshua,  Israelitish  leader,  IX.  689. 

Jo  si  ah,  Israelitish  king,  IX.  690. 

Josika,  Miklos,  baron  [yo'-zlie-kaw],  Hungari¬ 
an  novelist,  IX.  690. 

Josquin  des  Pres  [zhus-kang  da  pra],  French 
composer,  IX.  690;  XII.  88,  2  c. 

Josslyn ,  John ,  XVI.  607,  1  c. 

Jost,  Isaak  Markus  [yoast],  German  author, 
IX.  690. 

Jotunheim  [yo'-toon-hime],  in  Norse  mytholo¬ 
gy,  XII.  119,  2  be. 

Jotuns:  see  Mythology,  and  VII.  794,  1  b. 

Joubert,  Barth61emy  Catherine  [zhoo-bair], 
French  general,  IX.  691. 

Jouberthon,  Madame  [zhoo-bair-toug],  wife  of 
Lucien  Bonaparte,  III.  34,  2  c,  1  ab. 

Joudpore  [jood-pore'J :  see  Joodpoor. 

Jouffroy,  Theodore  Simon  [zhoo-frwa],  French 
philosopher,  IX.  691.  See  Moral  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XI.  813, 1  c ;  Philosophy,  XIII.  444, 1  b. 

Jouffroy  d’Arbans,  Claude  Francois,  marquis 
de  [dar-bang],  mechanician,  IX.  692.  Achille, 
marquis  de,  politician  and  writer,  1  b. 

Joule,  James  Prescott  [jool],  English  natural 
philosopher,  IX.  692.  Mechanical  equivalent 
of  heat  (“Joule’s  equivalent”)  established 
by  him,  2  c;  V.  378,  2  b,  c.  Experiments 
in  magnetism,  IX.  692,  1  c;  XI.  6,  2  c. 


Jounpore:  see  Joonpoor. 

Jourdan,  Antoine  Jacques  Louis  [zhoor-da"B], 
French  physician,  IX.  693. 

Jourdan,  Jean  Baptiste,  count,  general,  IX.  693. 

Journal ,  in  bookkeeping,  JII.  81,  1  a. 

Journal  des  Debats  [zhoor-nal  da  da-ba],  news¬ 
paper,  II.  585,  2  a;  XII.  336,  2  c  (name  and 
character  changed  by  Bertin).  Its  opposi¬ 
tion  to  royalist  schemes  in  1872,  X.  336,  1  b. 

Journalism:  see  Newspapers.  Ancient:  see 
Acta  Diurna.  Modern,  origin  of,  1. 137,  2  c. 

Journee  des  barricades  [zhoor-na  da  bar-re-kad], 
in  French  history,  VIII.  656,  1  a. 

Journee  des  dupes  [da  diip],  XII.  699,  1  b  ; 
XIV.  317,  2  ab. 

Joust  [just],  IV.  497,  2  b;  XV.  824,  1  b. 

Joutel,  Henri  [zhoo-tel],  French  explorer,  IX. 
693. 

Jouvenet,  Jean  [zhoov-na],  painter,  IX.  693. 

Jouy,  Victor  Joseph  Etienne  de  [zhwe],  au¬ 
thor,  IX.  694. 

Jovellanos,  Gaspar  Melchior  de  [klio-va-lya/- 
noce],  Spanish  poet,  IX.  694. 

Jovian,  Roman  emperor,  IX.  694. 

Jovian  legion ,  Roman,  X.  851,  1  b. 

Jovini'acum:  see  Joigny. 

Jovi'nus ,  Roman  usurper,  XVI.  564,  1  be. 

Jovius,  Paulus  :  see  Giovio. 

Jowar'ree,  kind  of  grain,  II.  510,  2  b. 

Jow'ett,  Benjamin,  English  clergyman  and 
critic,  IX.  695. 

Jowf,  province  of  Shomer,  IX.  695. 

Joyce  Seth,  so-called  nurse  of  Washington,  II. 
324,  1  a. 

Joze,  Antonio  [zho-za'],  Portuguese  dramatist, 
IX.  695. 

Ju'ab,  county,  IX.  695. 

Juan ,  Don :  see  Don  Juan. 

Juan,  Don  [khwan] :  see  John  of  Austria. 

Juan,  Don  Jorge:  see  Juan  y  Santacilla. 

Juana,  princess  [khwa'-na],  (la  Beltraneja),  VII. 
136,  lb;  IX.  422,  1  be. 

Ju'an  de  Fuca,  strait  of :  see  Fuca. 

Juan  del  Valle  [khwan  dail  va'-lya],  nom  de 
plume,  III.  534,  2  c. 

Juanes,  Vicente  [khwa'-nace],  Spanish  painter, 
IX.  695. 

Ju'an  Fernan'dez,  island,  IX.  695 ;  V.  763,  2  be. 

Juan  y  Santacilla,  Jorge  [khwan  e  san-ta- 
the'-lya],  Spanish  explorer,  IX.  696. 

Juarez,  Benito  Pablo  [khwa'-race],  president 
of  Mexico,  IX.  697. 

Juarros,  Domingo  [khwar'-roce],  Central 
American  ecclesiastic,  IX.  698. 


426 


JUBA 


JUMNA 


Juba  I.,  king  of  Numidia,  IX.  698.  J uba  II.,  2  b. 
Juba' a  spectab'ilis  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  c  (ill.). 
Jubbulpore',  town  of  India,  IX.  698. 

Jubilee,  festive  year,  IX.  698. 

Jubilee  college ,  founder  of,  IV.  826,  2  b. 

J.  U.  D.,  doctorate,  YI.  172,  2  be. 

Jud^'a  :  see  Judea. 

Judah,  Hebrew  patriarch,  IX.  699. 

Judah  (Hakkadosli),  rabbi,  IX.  699 ;  VIII. 
728,  1  ab. 

Judah  (Hallevi),  Spanish  rabbi,  IX.  699. 
Judah ,  kingdom  of,  IX.  699,  1  be;  VIII.  587, 
2  a.  Wilderness  of,  XII.  619,  1  b. 

Judaizing  Christians,  YI.  374,  1  a. 

Judas  Iscariot,  disciple  and  betrayer  of  Jesus, 
IX.  699. 

Judas  Maccabeus  :  see  Hebrews,  YIII.  592, 

1  b,  c. 

Judas  Tree,  IX.  699  (ill.,  700). 

Judd,  Sylvester,  American  author,  IX.  700. 
Jude,  Saint,  apostle,  IX.  700.  Epistle  of,  2  c. 
Jude'a,  IX.  700.  See  Palestine,  and  Hebrews. 
Judenbach  [yoo'-den-bakh],  village  of  Germany, 
IX.  702. 

Judex:  see  Jury,  IX.  722,  1  b. 

Judges,  Book  of,  IX.  701. 

Judges  of  Israel  :  see  Hebrews,  YIII.  585, 1  b. 
Judgment,  in  law,  IX.  701.  See  Lien.  Judg¬ 
ment  roll :  see  Process,  XIY.  25,  2  a. 
Judgment ,  conditional ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  2  a; 
disjunctive,  1  a. 

Judicium  par  mm ,  in  Magna  Charta,  IX.  722, 2  c. 
Judith,  Jewish  heroine,  IX.  702. 

Judith ,  queen  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  YI.  744, 

2  a,  ab ;  746,  1  a. 

Judith ,  duchess  of  Normandy,  II.  576,  2  b. 
Judith,  Mile,  [zhii-deet],  French  actress,  IX.  702. 
Judith ,  wife  of  Louis  le  Debonnaire,  X.  650, 2  c. 
Judson,  Adoniram,  American  missionary,  IX. 
702.  His  imprisonment,  703,  2  c.  Ann  Has- 
seltine,  his  first  wife,  704,  2  c.  Sarah  Hall 
(Boardman),  his  second  wife,  705, 1  a.  Emily 
Chubbuck,  his  third  wife,  author,  2  a. 

Juel,  Niels  [yool],  Danish  admiral,  IX.  705. 

Johann,  Baron  Julinge,  706,  1  a. 

Juga  Martha,  (botany),  I.  301,  1  a. 

Jug duluk  pass,  I.  161,  2  c  (Afghanistan). 
Jugerum,  Roman  measure  of  land,  I.  72,  2  c. 
Juge  de  paix  [zhiizh  duh  pa],  officer  of  justice, 
IX.  726,  2  a. 

Juggernaut',  town  of  Bengal,  IX.  706.  Tem¬ 
ple,  1  be  (ill.).  Title  of  Krishna,  1  c.  Great 
festival  of,  2  a. 

Juggler,  IX.  707. 


Ju'glans  (botany),  XVI.  439,  1  c ;  YIII.  715, 
2  a.  J.  cinerea,  III.  501,  1  b  (ill.).  J.  nigra, 
XYI.  439,  2  c  (ill.,  440).  J.  rupestris,  440, 
1  c.  J.  regia,  ib.  (ill.). 

Jugur'tha,  Numidian  king,  IX.  708. 

Julial ,  in  the  Druse  religion,  YI.  274,  1  a. 

J  uillerat,  Clotilde  Gerard  [zhti-e-yuh-ra], 
French  painter,  IX.  709. 

Ju'jube,  tree,  IX.  709  (ill.).  Jujube  paste,  2  a. 
Jujuy  [khoo-khwe'J,  Argentine  province,  IX. 

709.  San  Salvador  de,  city,  710,  1  a. 

Julfa  [jool'-fa],  suburb  of  Ispahan,  IX.  435, 2  be. 
Julia  Bceterra  (Beziers),  II.  604,  1  b. 

Juli'acum  (Jiilich),  IX.  711,  1  b. 

Julian  (the  Apostate),  Roman  emperor,  IX. 
710 ;  Y.  279,  1  b.  Disciple  of  Iamblichus, 
XII.  225,  1  c.  His  favor  to  the  Parish,  XIII. 
89,  1  c.  His  treatment  of  Basil  the  Great, 
II.  362,  2  b.  Law  against  the  Christians, 
IX.  710,  2  ab.  His  treatise  against  the 
Christians,  711,  1  a. 

Julianists:  see  Monophysites,  XI.  757,  2  b. 
Julian  year,  III.  579,  1  c. 

Julianus,  Salvius,  Roman  jurist,  IY.  621,  1  b. 
Julicii  [yu/-lich],  town  of  Prussia,  IX.  711. 
Jiilich  succession,  1  be. 

Julien,  Stanislas  Aignan  [zhu-lyanE],  French 
orientalist,  IX.  711. 

Juliers  [zhii-lya] :  see  Julich. 

Juliob'ona:  see  Lillebonne. 

Juliom'agus :  see  Angers. 

Julis  vulgaris  (ichthyology),  XYI.  734,  2  a. 
Julius,  name  of  three  popes,  IX.  711.  I., 
Saint,  2  b.  II.,  Giuliano  della  Rovere,  2  be. 
His  patronage  of  Michel  Angelo,  III.  442, 
2c;  his  statue  by  him  destroyed,  443,  1  a, 
18,  1  c.  His  patronage  of  Raphael,  XIY. 
205,  2  c.  III.,  Gian  Maria  del  Monte,  IX. 
712,  1  be. 

Julius,  Cardinal  (Clement  VII.),  I.  236,  1  a. 
Julius,  Nikolaus  Heinrich  [yoo'-le-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  physician,  IX.  712. 

Julius  Africanus  :  see  Africanus. 

Julius  Robert  diffusion  process,  in  sugar  mak¬ 
ing,  XY.  446,  2  be. 

Jullalabad :  see  Jelalabad. 

Jullien,  Louis  Georges  [zhii-lyang],  French 
composer,  IX.  712. 

July,  month,  IX.  712. 

July  monarchy :  see  France,  YII.  391,  2  a. 
Jumblat  Beshir,  Druse  sheik,  YI.  275,  2  a. 
Jumel,  Mme.  [zliu-mel],  her  marriage  with 
Aaron  Burr,  III.  476,  2  a. 

Jum'na,  river  of  Ilindostan,  IX.  712. 


JUMPER 


JUSSIEU 


427 


Jumper ,  kind  of  drill,  II.  G97,  1  c. 

“  Jump  up  and  kiss  me,”  plant,  XVI.  3G3,  1  a. 

Junca'cece  (botany),  XIV.  471,  1  b. 

Junco  (ornithology),  XV.  130,  2  ab.  J.  hye- 
malis,  ib.  (ill.).  J.  caniceps,  1  b.  J.  Orego- 
nus,  137,  1  a. 

Junction  City ,  county  seat,  V.  710,  1  c. 

Juncus  (botany),  XIV.  471,  1  b.  J.  effusus, 
2  a  (ill.).  J.  Gerardi,  VIII.  169,  1  be. 

June,  month,  IX.  713. 

Juneau  [ju-no'J,  county,  IX.  713. 

Juneau ,  county  seat,  VI.  174,  2  c. 

June  Beery,  shrub,  IX.  713. 

June  cold :  see  Hay  Cold. 

Jung,  Joachim  [yoong],  philosopher,  IX.  713. 

Jung  Bahadoor  [jung  ba-ha'-door],  Nepaulese 
chieftain  and  prime  minister,  IX.  212,  1  c; 
XII.  227,  1  a.  (Died  1877.) 

Jung-Breslau  [-bres'-low] :  see  Inowraclaw. 

Jung-Bunzlau  [yoong-boonts'-low],  town  of 
Bohemia,  IX.  714. 

Jungerman'nia,  genus  of  plants,  IX.  714;  X. 
543,  1  a. 

Jungermannia'cece  (botany),  X.  543,  1  a. 

Jungfrau  [yoong'-frow],  mountain,  IX.  714. 

JuNGHunN,  Franz  Wilhelm  [yoong'-hoon],  Ger¬ 
man  naturalist,  IX.  714. 

Jungius :  see  Jung. 

Jungle,  XI.  54,  1  ab.  J ungle  fevers,  ib. 

Jungle  fowl,  III.  367,  1  b ;  IV.  781,  1  a  (ill.). 

Jungle  Tcoola,  jackal,  IX.  11,  1  c;  481,  2  b. 

Jungmann,  Jozef  Jakob  [yoong'-man],  Slavic 
philologist,  IX.  714. 

Jung-Stilling  (Johann  Heinrich  Jung),  Ger¬ 
man  mystic,  IX.  714.  See  Spiritualism, 
XV.  275,  2  c. 

Junian  Latins :  see  Freedmen,  VII.  469,  1  c. 

Juniat'a,  river  of  Pennsylvania,  IX.  715. 

Juniata,  county,  IX.  715. 

Ju'niper,  genus  of  evergreen  shrubs  and  trees, 

T7"IX.  715  (in.). 

Junip'erus  (botany),  IX.  715,  1  be  (ill.).  J. 
communis,  1  c.  J.  Virginiana,  715,  2  c ;  IV. 
164,  2  c.  J.  sabina,  IX.  716,  1  b;  fungus 
upon,  VII.  533,  1  a.  Other  species. 

Junius,  nom  de  plume,  IX.  716.  Attacks  upon 
Lord  Mansfield,  XI.  123,  2  be.  Authorship 
of  the  letters  of  Junius  claimed  by  Charles 
Lee,  X.  299,  1  c. 

Junius,  Franciscus,  theologian,  IX.  717.  Fran- 
ciscus  (2d),  philologist,  718,  1  a. 

Junker  parliament  [yoon'-ker],  nickname,  II. 
665,  2  a. 

Juno,  goddess,  IX.  718.  Statue  of  byPolycle- 


tus,  XIII.  686,  1  a.  Juno  Moneta,  temple 
of,  III.  786, 1  be. 

Juno,  asteroid,  II.  38,  2  b. 

Junonia,  ancient  city,  IV.  39,  1  c. 

Junonia  Faliscorum,  ancient  colony,  VII.  71, 1  c. 
Junot  [zhti-no] :  see  Abrant^s. 

“  Junto,”  of  Charles  I.’s  ministers,  VI.  626, 1  b. 
Jupati  [zhoo-pa'-te],  palm,  III.  224,  1  b. 
Jupiter,  Greek  and  Roman  deity,  IX.  718. 
Referred  to,  XIV.  28,  1  b.  Temple  of  Ju¬ 
piter  Olympius  at  Athens,  I.  660  (ill.) ;  at 
Olympia,  XII.  622,  1  b.  Statue  of  by  Phi¬ 
dias,  XIII.  388,  1  b. 

Jupiter,  planet,  IX.  718.  His  satellites,  719, 
2  b ;  Romer’s  observations,  2  c,  X.  437, 1  be 
(ill.) ;  discovery  of,  VII.  567,  1  c.  His  belts, 
IX.  720,  1  b. 

Jupiter  Ammon:  see  Ammon.  Temple  of, 
XV.  73,  1  b,  be.  Visited  by  Alexander,  I. 
276,  2  b. 

Jura,  island  of  Scotland,  IX.  720. 

Jura  [Fr.  zhu-ra ;  Ger.  yoo'-ra],  range  of 
mountains,  IX.  720.  German  Jura,  721, 1  a. 
Jura,  department  of  France,  IX.  721. 

Jurassic  period ,  in  geology,  XII.  641,  2  b. 

Jurassic  series,  VII.  697,  1  be,  2  be. 

Jurat,  in  law,  I.  157,  1  c. 

Jurieu,  Pierre  [zhu-re-uh],  French  theologian, 
IX.  721. 

Jury,  IX.  721 ;  V.  152,  1  a.  Grand  jury,  IX. 

723,  2  a.  Petit  jury,  ib.  Impanelling  of, 

724,  1  ab.  First  jury,  so  styled,  1  b ;  sec¬ 
ond,  ib. — Rudimentary  form  of  trial  by,  I. 
501,  1  b.  Challenge  to  jury  or  jurors,  IV. 
232,  2  c;  peremptory  and  for  cause,  ib. 
Right  of  juries  to  judge  of  the  evidence  first 
established :  see  Penn,  William,  XIII.  251, 

1  b.  Its  right  to  decide  on  the  nature  and 
intention  of  alleged  libels :  see  Camden,  III. 
648,  1  b.  Attempt  to  restrict  this  right,  XI. 
123,  2  c.  First  instance  of  jury  trial  in  Prus¬ 
sia,  VII.  476,  1  b. 

Jus  civile  and  jus  gentium ,  IV.  618,  1  c ;  X. 
222,  2  c.  Jus  fetiale,  222,  2  c.  Jus  inter 
gentes,  223,  1  a.  Jus  naturale,  IV.  618,  1  c. 
Jus  honorarium,  2  ab.  Juspostliminii,  XIV. 
20,  2  b. 

Ju-sha ,  Japanese  Confucians,  IX.  539,  1  c. 
Jussieu,  De  [duh  zhiis-se-fih],  French  family  of 
natural  philosophers,  IX.  724.  Antoine,  bot¬ 
anist,  724,  1  c ;  II.  336,  1  b.  Bernard,  bota¬ 
nist,  IX.  724,  2  a.  Antoine  Laurent,  botanist, 

2  b.  Adrien,  botanist,  725,  1  b.  Laurent 
Pierre,  educational  writer,  1  c.  Alexis,  po- 


428 


JUSSIEUAN 


KAISERSLAUTERN 


litical  writer,  ib. — Botanical  system  of  Ber¬ 
nard  and  Antoine  Laurent,  724,  2  b,  be ;  III. 
134,  1  b. 

“  Jussieuan  system ,”  in  botany,  IX.  724,  2  c. 

“  Just  asses,”  pun  on  the  word  justices:  see 
Gorton,  Samuel,  VIII.  120,  1  b. 

Juste,  Theodore  [zhust],  historian,  IX.  725. 
Justi,  Karl  Wilhelm  [yoos'-te],  author,  IX.  725. 
Justice ,  department  of,  United  States,  II.  97, 

1  a ;  VIII.  748,  1  ab. 

Justice  general ,  lord,  Scotland,  XIV.  702,  2  c. 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  IX.  725.  First  (sup¬ 
posed)  institution  of,  VI.  434,  2  a. 

Justiciary ,  court  of,  in  Scotland,  XIV.  702, 

2  be.  High  court  of,  ib. 

Justin,  the  Elder,  Byzantine  emperor,  IX.  726. 
The  Younger,  727,  1  a. 

Justin,  Latin  historian,  IX.  727.  Referred  to, 
X.  198, 1  b. 

Justinian,  the  Great,  Byzantine  emperor,  IX. 
727.  His  codes  and  Pandects,  IV.  623,  1  c. 
His  institutes,  624,  1  b.  Justinian  code  re¬ 


ferred  to,  XIII.  665,  2  ab.  Manuscript  of 
the  Digest  of  Justinian,  XI.  133,  2  c.  His 
decree  enforcing  clerical  celibacy,  IV.  171, 
2  c. — Justinian  Rliinotmetus,  Byzantine  Em¬ 
peror,  IX.  728,  1  c. 

Justinianop'olis  (Hadrumetum),  VIII.  371, 1  b. 

Justin  Martyr,  one  of  the  Christian  fathers, 
IX.  728.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  810, 
2  b. 

Justinopolis  (Capo  d’Istria),  III.  758,  2  a. 

Justi'nus :  see  Justin. 

Jute,  fibre  and  plant,  IX.  729  (ill.).  Jute  butts, 
2  be.  Use  of  jute  in  paper  making,  XIII. 
48,  2  ab.  American  jute,  VIII.  713,  2  c. 

Jutes ,  Teutonic  tribe,  IX.  730,  1  a. 

Jutland,  Danish  peninsula,  IX.  730. 

Juvavia,  ancient  city,  XIV.  588,  1  c. 

Juvavum ,  ancient  city,  XIV.  588,  1  c. 

Juvenal,  Roman  poet,  IX.  730;  X.  197,  2  c. 

Juvenal ,  the  English,  XII.  613,  1  b. 

Juverna  (Ireland),  IX.  355,  2  b. 

Juxon,  William,  English  prelate,  IX.  730. 


K 


K,  a  letter,  IX.  731.  Use  of,  1  b.  Numeral 
sign,  1  c.  On  Roman  and  French  coins,  ib. 

Kaaba  [ka'-ba] :  see  Mecca  (Caaba). 

Kaahumanu  [ka-lioo-ma'-noo],  queen  regent  of 
the  Hawaiian  islands,  IX.  738,  2  c. 

Kaat,  plant,  VIII.  450,  2  b. 

Kaatershill  [ka'-ters-kill],  clove  of,  IV.  126, 1  b. 

Kabbala  :  see  Cabala. 

Kabeljaauws  [ka'-bel-yowsl,  Dutch  political  par¬ 
ty,  VIII.  765,  1  c. 

Kabirim,  Phoenician  divinities,  XII.  118,  1  c. 

Kabyles  [ka-beels'J :  see  Algeria,  I.  304,  1  b ; 
II.  549,  2  c;  X.  406,  1  c;  XVI.  31,  1  ab. 

Kachiquels  [ka-she-kels'J,  Indians,  XIV.  149, 
2  be. 

Kacmiri  [kas-me'-rel,  an  East  Indian  language, 
IX.  216,  2  c;  218,  1  c. 

Kadamisseh ,  Arabian  sect,  I.  537,  2  b. 

Kadir  [ka-deer'J,  in  the  Himalaya  mountains, 
VIII.  731,  2  a. 

Kadisiyeh  [ka-de-se'-yeh],  battle  of,  XVI.  785, 
2  a. 

Kadjars,  Persian  dynasty  of,  XIII.  323,  2  ab. 

Kaempfer :  see  Kampfer. 

Kaf  :  see  Caf. 

Kaffa  [k&f'-fa],  country  of  E.  Africa,  IX.  731. 


Kaffa,  seaport  of  Russia,  IX.  731  (view,  732). 

Kaffa ,  strait  of,  III.  113,  1  c. 

Kaffraria  :  see  Caffraria. 

Kafiristan',  country  of  central  Asia,  IX.  732. 

Kafrland :  see  Kaffraria. 

Kafirs :  see  Kafiristan,  IX.  732,  1  c. 

Kagoshima  [ka-go-she'-ma],  Japan,  IX.  732. 

Kahled  ben  BarmeTc ,  tutor  of  Haroun  al-Rashid, 
referred  to,  II.  317,  1  c. 

Kaiilenberg  [ka'-len-bairg],  mountain  of  Aus¬ 
tria,  IX.  732.  Der  Pfaffe  vom  Kahlenberg,  2  c. 

Kahnis,  Karl  Friedrich  August  [ka'-nis],  Ger¬ 
man  theologian,  IX.  733.  > 

Kaieteur  Fall:  see  Guiana,  VIII.  301,  1  be. 

Kai  Khosru  [kl  kos'-roo],  legend  of,  IX.  818, 
2  ab. 

Kaimaham  [kl-ma-kam'],  Turkish  officer,  XVI. 
59,  1  c. 

Kaimurs  [ki-moorcer],  mythical  founder  of  a 
Persian  dynasty,  II.  242,  1  b;  XIII.  321,  2 
be  (Kaiomurs). 

Kairwan  [kire-wan'j,  city  of  Tunis,  IX.  733. 

Ivaisariyeh  [ki-za-re'-yeh],  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
IX.  733. 

Kaiserslautern  [kl'-zerce-low-tern],  town  of 
Bavaria,  IX.  733. 


KAISERSTUIIL 


KANAWHA 


429 


Kaiserstuhl  [kl'-zer-stool],  volcanic  group,  Ba¬ 
den,  II.  209,  2  a. 

Kaiserwertii  [-vairt],  town  of  Prussia,  IX.  783. 

Institutions  at,  VII.  270,  2  a. 

Kajabulbul ,  bird,  III.  696,  1  c. 

Kaka  [ka'-ka],  parrot,  XII.  410,  2  c. 

Kakapo ,  niglit  parrot,  XII.  756,  2  a. 

Kakerlac ,  insect,  XI.  292,  1  b. 

Kakke. ,  disease,  IX.  537,  1  a. 

Kakodyle  [kak'-o-dil],  in  chemistry,  IX.  735 ; 
IV.  369,  2  c. 

Kala,  in  Brahmanism,  IX.  224,  2  c. 

Kalafat',  town  of  Roumania,  IX.  733. 
Kalahari  desert  [ka-la-ha'-re],  Africa,  1. 165, 2  b. 
Kalajndna ,  Brahman  sacred  hook,  IX.  231, 1  ah. 
Kdlajndnis ,  Brahman  sect,  IX.  231,  1  ab. 
Kalama  [ka-la'-ma],  river,  Albania,  IX.  526, 1  a. 
Kalamata  [ka-la-ma'-ta],  town,  Greece,  IX.  733. 
Kaland:  see  Caland. 

Kalakaua,  David  [ka-la-kow'-a],  Hawaiian 
king,  IX.  734. 

Kalat  el-Arish :  see  El-Arish. 

Kalamazoo',  county,  IX.  734. 

Kalamazoo,  village  of  Michigan,  IX.  734. 

Kalamazoo  college,  2  h. 

Kalamazoo  River,  Michigan,  IX.  734. 

Kalau ,  Abraham  [ka'-low] :  see  Calovius. 
Kalckreuth,  Friedrich  Adolf  von  [kalk'-roit], 
Prussian  general,  IX.  734. 

Kaldani  [kal-da'-ne],  Nestorians,  X.  64,  1  ab. 
Kaleidoscope  [ka-li'-do-skopej,  optical  instru¬ 
ment,  IX.  735. 

Kalendayr  of  the  Shyppars ,  almanac,  I.  341,  2  c. 
Kalergis,  Demetrius  [ka-lSr'-ghis],  Greek  sol¬ 
dier,  IX.  735. 

Kalevala  [ka-la-v&'-la],  Finnish  national  epic, 
VII.  203,  2  c. 

Kalgan',  town  of  China,  IX.  735. 

Kali  [ka'-le],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  228, 
2  a;  230,  1  a. 

Kalidasa  [ka-le-da'-sa],  Hindoo  poet,  IX.  735 ; 

II.  790,  2  a,  791,  1  ab;  XI Y.  614,  2  a,  c. 
Kaliyug  [ka-le-yoog'J,  Hindoo  era,  IY.  558,  1  a. 
Kalisch  [ka'-lish] :  see  Kalisz. 

Kalisch,  David,  German  humorist,  IX.  736. 
Kal'ispels,  tribe  of  Indians,  IX.  736. 

Kalisz  [ka'-lish],  government  of  Russia,  IX. 

736.  Town,  2  ab. 

Kalkaska,  county,  IX.  736. 

Kalkbrenner,  Christian,  German  composer, 
IX.  736.  Friedrich,  composer,  2  c. 

Kalki,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  II.  159,  1  c ;  IX. 
229,  2  b. 

Kallundborg ,  castle  of,  IY.  526,  2  c. 


Kalm,  Peter  [kalm],  botanist,  IX.  737. 

Kalmar  :  see  Calmar. 

Kalmia,  genus  of  shrubs,  IX.  737.  K.  latifolia, 
1  b  (ill.).  K.  angustifolia,  &c.,  2  b,  ff.  Re¬ 
puted  mode  of  fertilization,  IX.  309,  1  c. 
Kalmucks ,  I.  358,  2  c.  See  Calmucks. 

Kalo  [ka'-lo],  fruit,  YIII.  526,  2  b. 

Kalocsa  [kol'-o-chaw],  Hungary,  IX.  737. 
Kalokag' athon ,  in  aesthetics,  I.  153,  1  c. 

Kalon ,  regent  of  Thibet,  IX.  27,  1  b. 

Kaloo\  in  the  Feejee  language,  YII.  112,  2  c. 
Kaluga  [ka-loo'-ga],  government  of  Russia,  IX. 

738.  Capital  city,  1  a. 

Kalung ,  vampire  bat,  XI.  59,  2  c. 

Kalw  :  see  Calw. 

Kama  [ka-ma'J,  river  of  Russia,  IX.  738. 
Kd'ma ,  in  Brahmanism,  IX.  224,  2  c ;  230,  2  b. 
Kamee'la,  or  Ivamala,  drug,  IX.  738. 
Kamehamalu ,  Hawaiian  queen,  IX.  738,  2  c. 
Kamehameha  [ka-ma-ha-ma'-ha],  name  of  a 
line  of  Hawaiian  sovereigns,  IX.  738  ;  YIII. 
529,  1  ab.  War  cloak  of  Kamehameha  I., 
526,  2  b. 

Kamel  [ka'-mel],  (Georg  Joseph):  see  Camel¬ 
lia,  III.  650,  2  c. 

Kamenetz  [ka'-meh-nets],  town  of  Russia,  IX. 
739  (view). 

Kamenz  :  see  Camenz. 

Kames,  Henry  Home,  lord,  Scottish  jurist  and 
critic,  IX.  739. 

Kamichi  [ka-me'-she],  bird,  XI Y.  711,  2  c. 
Kamienieo  [Pol.  ka-myen'-ets] :  see  Kamenetz. 
Kammin  :  see  Cammik. 

Kamo  no  Mabuchi,  Japanese  scholar,  IX.  564, 2  c. 
Kamouraska,  county,  IX.  740. 

Kamouraska ,  county  seat,  IX.  740,  1  b. 
Kampen,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  IX.  740. 
Kampen,  Nikolaas  Godfried  van,  Dutch  histoj 
rian,  IX.  740. 

Kampfer,  Engelbrecht  [kemp'-fer],  German 
traveller,  IX.  740. 

Kamptz,  Karl  Albert  Christoph  Heinrich  von 
[kamts],  Prussian  jurist,  IX.  740. 
Kamtchat'ka,  peninsula  of  N.  E.  Asia,  IX. 
740. 

Kdmus ,  Arabic  dictionary,  I.  623,  1  be. 

Kana  [ka'-na],  Japanese  syllabary,  IX.  551,  2  c ; 

548,  2  a  (hira-kana  and  kata-kana). 
Kan'abec,  county,  IX.  741. 

Kana  el-Jelil  [ka'-na  el-ja-leel'] :  see  Cana. 
Kanagawa  [ka-na-ga'-wa],  Japan,  IX.  741. 
Kanaris:  see  Canaris. 

Kanawha  [kan-aw'-wa],  county,  IX.  741. 
Kanawha  River  :  see  Great  Kanawha. 


430 


KANCHIL 


KARIANS 


Kanchil  [kan-cheel'],  pygmy  deer,  II.  265,  1  a; 
XII.  95,  2  c  (ill.,  96). 

Kandahar:  see  Candahar. 

Kandiyohi  [kan-de-yo'-he],  county,  IX.  741. 

Kandiyohi ,  county  seat,  IX.  741,  2  c. 

Kane,  two  counties,  IX.  741. 

Kane,  Elisha  Kent,  American  arctic  explorer, 
IX.  742 ;  I.  675,  2  a;  XVI.  205,  1  a. 

Kane,  Sir  Robert,  Irish  chemist,  IX.  743. 

Kanesville ,  Mormon  settlement  in  Iowa,  V. 
425,  2  b. 

Kangaroo',  animal,  IX.  743  (ill.,  744). 

Kangaroo  bear :  see  Koala. 

Kangaroo  grass ,  of  Australia,  II.  131,  1  b. 

Kanjur  [kan-joor'J,  Lamaic  canon,  X.  115,  1  be, 
2  ab ;  117,  2  b. 

Kankakee  [kan-kaw'-ke],  county,  IX.  744. 

Kankakee  City ,  county  seat,  IX.  745,  1  a. 

Kankakee  river ,  Illinois,  IX.  193,  1  a. 

Kankar\  stony  nodules,  XII.  738,  2  a.  See 
Kunkur  (Index). 

Kannon  Nameh :  see  Kanun  Nameh  (Index). 

Kano  [ka'-no],  city  of  Africa,  IX.  745  (view). 

Kanoic'ra ,  country :  see  Boknoo. 

Kanowry ,  inhabitants  of  Bornoo,  III.  105,  2  c. 

Kansas,  tribe  of  Indians,  IX.  745. 

Kansas,  state,  IX.  746.  Population,  2  c.  State 
seal  (ill.),  747.  Topography,  2  a.  Rivers, 
2  be.  Geology  and  minerals,  748,  1  b.  Fos¬ 
sils,  2  a.  Climate,  2  c.  Soil,  749, 1  a.  Flora 
and  fauna,  1  b.  Agriculture,  1  c.  Manufac¬ 
tures,  2  c.  Intercommunication,  750,  2  a. 
Banks,  &c.,  1  b.  Government,  1  c.  Public 
institutions,  751,  1  c.  Education,  2  c.  Li¬ 
braries,  &c.,  753,  1  a.  Religious  organiza¬ 
tions,  1  b.  History,  ib.  Slavery,  1  c.  Kan¬ 
sas  and  Nebraska  bill,  VI.  225,  1  a.  Strug¬ 
gle  between  the  free-state  and  the  pro-sla¬ 
very  men  begun,  IX.  753,  2  ab.  Topeka  con¬ 
stitution,  754, 1  b.  Lecompton  constitution, 
755,  2  c.  Wyandotte  constitution,  756,  1  c. 

Kansas  City,  city  of  Missouri,  IX.  756. 

Kansas  river ,  IX.  747,  2  be. 

Ivansuh  [kan-soo'J,  province  of  China,  IX.  757. 

Kant,  Immanuel  [kant],  German  metaphysi¬ 
cian,  IX.  757.  His  lectures,  758,  1  ab.  His 
metaphysical  system,  2  ab.  Application  of 
his  principles,  759,  2  b.  His  view  of  the 
philosophy  of  the  past,  and  of  the  future 
of  his  own,  760,  1  ab.  His  “Criticism  of 
the  Pure  Reason,”  1  c.  Transcendental 
aesthetics,  2  be;  analytics,  761,  1  a;  dialec¬ 
tics,  2  be.  “Practical  Reason,”  762,  2  a; 
“  categorical  imperative,”  2  b.  “  Power  of 


Judgment,”  763,  2  a.  His  influence  on  phi¬ 
losophy,  764,  1  b.  Object  of  bis  teaching, 
2  ab.  Personal  characteristics,  ib.  Political 
views,  765,  1  be;  religious,  1  c.  Kantian 
bibliography,  2  c. — His  theory  of  the  origin 
of  the  universe,  VII.  10,  1  c.  Divisions  of 
the  human  race,  VI.  754,  2  a.  Reason  why 
we  forget  what  we  dream,  254,  2  a.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  807,  2  ab,  810,  2  c, 
812,  2  c;  Philosophy,  XIII.  430,  1  a,  431, 

1  ab,  432,  1  c,  441,  2  c. 

Kantele  [kan'-teh-leh],  Finnish  harp,  VII.  203, 

2  be. 

Kantemir:  see  Cantemir. 

Kanun  Kameh  [ka-noon'  na'-meh],  Turkish 
code,  XV.  160,  1  a;  XVI.  57,  2  a  (Kannon). 

Kan-si  [kan-se'J,  supposed  inventor  of  the  fan, 
VII.  78,  2  a. 

Ka'olin,  porcelain  clay:  see  Clay,  IV.  649, 
1  b ;  Pottery  and  Porcelain,  XIII.  778,  2  be. 

Kao-ling  [kow-ling'J,  hill  in  China,  IV.  649, 1  b. 

Kapila  [kap'-e-la],  Hindoo  philosopher,  IX. 
227,  2  c.  His  Sankhya  system,  228,  1  a. 

Kap'nist,  Vasili  Vasilievitch,  Russian  poet, 
IX.  766. 

Kapp,  Friedrich  [kap],  German  author,  IX.  766. 

Kappel,  village  of  Switzerland,  IX.  767.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  1  ab ;  XVI.  842,  1  be. 

Kaptchak :  see  Kiptohak. 

Karachi:  see  Kurraohee. 

Kara  George  :  see  Czerny  George. 

Karagunis ,  nomadic  people,  I.  55,  1  b. 

Karahissak  :  see  Afium  Karahissar. 

Ka'raites,  Jewish  sect,  IX.  767.  See  He¬ 
brews,  VIII.  595,  2  b.  Referred  to,  XIV. 
514,  2  a. 

Karajitch,  Vuk  Stefanovitch,  Servian  scholar, 
IX.  767. 

Karan',  island,  Persian  gulf,  IX.  767. 

Karakorum,  range  of  mountains,  Asia,  IX.  767. 

Karako'zoff, \  Dimitri ,  his  attempt  on  the  life 
of  Alexander  II.,  I.  284,  2  c. 

Karalits ,  Esquimaux,  VI.  729,  2  b. 

Karaman:  see  Caraman. 

Karamsin',  Nikolas  Mikhailovitcli,  Russian 
historian,  IX.  768. 

Karamzin :  see  Karamsin. 

Karasu-Bazar  [ka-ra-soo'-ba-zar'J,  town,  Cri¬ 
mea,  IX.  768. 

Kardszag  [kord'-sog],  town,  Hungary,  IX.  768. 

Karelians  :  see  Finns,  VII.  206,  1  c,  2  a. 

Ka'rens,  people  of  Burmah,  &c.,  IX.  768  ;  253, 
1  a.  Biblical  traditions  among  them,  768,  2  b. 

Karians :  see  Karens. 


KARL 


KAUP 


431 


Karl  the  Great  (Charlemagne),  VII.  379,  2  b. 

Karli  :  see  Carlee. 

Karlsbad  :  see  Carlsbad. 

Karlsburg:  see  Carlsburg. 

Karlsburg ,  cascade  of  the,  IV.  63,  1  b. 

Karlshamn:  see  Carlsiiamn. 

Karlskrona:  see  Carlscrona. 

Karlsruhe  :  see  Carlsruhe. 

Karlstad  :  see  Carlstad. 

Ivarlstadt,  town  of  Croatia,  IK.  769. 

Karmunah:  see  Carmona. 

Karnak:  see  Thebes,  XV.  689,  1  a.  Karnak 
tablet,  1  ab.  Gateway  of  Karnak  (ill.),  688. 

Karnes,  county,  IX.  769. 

Karpin'ski,  Franciszek,  Polish  poet,  IX.  769. 

Karr,  Jean  Baptiste  Alphonse,  French  author, 
IX.  769. 

Karr  am:  see  Karens. 

Karroos ,  plains  in  Cape  Colony,  III.  743,  1  c. 

Kars,  city  of  Turkey,  IX.  769  (view).  (Taken 
by  the  Russians,  November,  1877.) 

Karsch,  Anna  Luise  [karsh],  German  poetess, 
IX.  769. 

Karschin :  see  Karsch. 

Karsten,  Karl  Johann  Bernhard,  German 
mineralogist,  IX.  770.  On  the  material  of 
Damascus  blades,  V.  653,  2  b-c.  Hermann 
and  Gustav,  scientists,  IX.  770,  1  ab.  Her¬ 
mann,  naturalist  and  traveller,  1  b. 

Kartlians  (Georgians),  VII.  727,  1  c. 

Kdrttikeya  [kart-te-ka'-ya],  Brahman  divinity, 
IX.  230,  1  b. 

Kartveli  (Georgians),  VII.  727,  1  c. 

Karun  [ka-roon'],  river  of  Persia,  IX.  823, 
2  ab ;  XIII.  315,  2  b. 

Kdrnthen  [kern'-ten] :  see  Carinthia. 

Kasa,  Abyssinian  chief,  I.  48,  1  a.  (Properly 
Kassai.  Crowned  as  King  Johannes,  1872.) 

Kasan  :  see  Kazan. 

Kasbin  :  see  Casbin. 

Kaschau  [ka'-show],  town  of  Hungary,  IX.  770. 

Kdsegrotte  [ka'-zeh-grot-tSh],  cavern  in  Prussia, 
VIII.  269,  1  c. 

Kashan',  city  of  Persia,  IX.  770. 

Kashgar',  province  of  East  Turkistan,  IX.  770. 
Capital  city,  771,  1  a  (view,  770). 

Kasi-Mollah  [ka'-ze-],  Caucasian  chieftain  and 
sectary,  IV.  134,  1  ab ;  XIV.  824,  1  ab. 

Kasim  Paslia  [ka-seem'  pa-sha'],  suburb  of 
Constantinople,  V.  276,  2  c ;  277,  1  b. 

Kaskaskia  river ,  Illinois,  IX.  183,  1  ab. 

Kaskaskias ,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  180,  2  c;  181, 1  ab. 

Kasr,  ruins  (Babylon),  II.  186,  1  b  (ill.). 

Kasr  Keroon ,  temple  in  Fayoom,  VII.  102,  2  c. 


Kassa  [kosh'-aw] :  see  Kaschau. 

Kassai  [kas-sl'j :  see  Kasa  (Index). 

Kassel:  see  Cassel. 

Kassubs,  a  Slav  tribe  in  Prussia,  XV.  103,  2  ab. 

Kastanienburg  [kas-ta'-ne-en-boorg],  castle,  Ba¬ 
varia,  VIII.  410,  1  a. 

Kastner,  Abraham  Gotthelf  [kest'-ner],  Ger¬ 
man  mathematician,  IX.  771. 

Kasyapa  [kas'-ya-pa],  in  Buddhism,  III.  394,  2  c. 

Katahdin  [ka-ta'-din],  mountain,  Maine,  IX. 
771. 

Kata-Jcana  [ka-ta-ka'-na],  kind  of  Japanese  wri¬ 
ting,  IX.  548,  2  a,  be  (ill.) ;  Aino,  I.  216, 1  a. 

Katalysine  [ka-tal'-e-sin],  of  Gettysburg  springs, 
VII.  779,  2  b. 

Kater,  Henry,  English  mathematician,  IX.  771. 

Kathedersocialisten  [ka'-teh-der-zo-tse-al-is'- 
ten],  school  of  political  economists  in  Ger¬ 
many,  XV.'  143,  1  a. 

Kadlo/uara,  of  the  Greek  church,  III.  257,  1  a. 

Katib  Tchelebi:  see  Hadji  Kiialfa. 

Katif  [ka-teef'],  seaport  town,  Arabia,  IX.  772. 

Katkoff',  Mikhail  Nikiforovitch,  Russian  pub¬ 
licist,  IX.  772. 

Katmandu  [-doo'],  capital  of  Nepaul,  IX.  772. 

Katona  [kot'-o-naw],  (Joseph,  1792-1830),  his 
drama  Bankbdn ,  II.  283,  1  c. 

Katrine,  Loch  [15kh  kat'-rin],  lake  of  Scotland, 
IX.  772. 

Katt ,  Lieut.,  friend  of  Frederick  the  Great, 
execution  of,  VII.  455,  2  ab.  Place  of  his 
execution,  X.  65,  2  b. 

Kattegat :  see  Cattegat. 

Kattywar :  see  Cattywar. 

Katunya  [ka-toon'-ya],  pillars  of  the  (moun¬ 
tains),  I.  358,  2  a. 

Ka'tydid,  insect,  IX.  772  (ill.). 

Katzbach  [kats'-bakh],  river  of  Prussia,  IX. 
773.  Battle  of  the,  lb;  II.  751,  1  c,  ff. 

Kauai  [kow-i'],  Hawaiian  island,  IX.  773. 

Kauffmann,  Maria  Angelica  [ko  wf'-man],  Swiss 
painter,  IX.  773. 

Kaufman  [kawf'-man],  county,  IX.  773. 

Kaufman ,  county  seat,  IX.  773,  2  c. 

Kaufmann,  Constantin  Petrovitch  [kowf'-mun], 
Russian  general,  IX.  773. 

Kaufmann,  Theodor,  American  painter,  IX.  77 4. 

Kauikeaouli  [kow-e-ka-a-oo'-le] :  see  Kameha- 
MEHA  III. 

KAULBAcn,  Wilhelm  von  [kowl'-bakh],  German 
painter,  IX.  774.  Friedrich,  painter,  775,  1  a. 

Kaunitz,  Wenzel  Anton,  prince  [kow'-nits], 
Austrian  statesman,  IX.  775. 

Kaup  [kowp],  (Johann  Jakob,  1803-73,  pro- 


432 


KAVANAGH 


KEN 


fessor  at  Darmstadt),  discovery  of  the  dino- 
therium  by,  YI.  117,  1  b. 

Kavanagh,  Julia  [kav'-a-na],  British  authoress, 
IX.  775.  (Died  1877.) 

Kavanaugh,  Hubbard  Hinde,  American  bish¬ 
op,  IX.  775. 

Kavi  [ka'-ve],  ancient  Javanese  language,  IX. 
578,  1  b.  W.  von  Humboldt’s  work  on 
( Kawisprache ),  47,  1  b. 

Kavika  [ka-ve'-ka],  fruit  tree,  YII.  110,  1  c. 

Kawe'le ,  African  town,  XVI.  103,  1  a. 

Kawisprache  [ka'-ve-spra-kheli] :  see  Kavi  (In¬ 
dex). 

Kaye,  John,  English  bishop,  IX.  775. 

Kaye,  Sir  John  William,  author,  IX.  775. 
(Died  1876.) 

Kayrens :  see  Karens. 

Kayugharu ,  kayukalambak ,  trees,  III.  564,  1  b. 

Kazaks  [ka'-zaks],  (Cossacks),  Y.  391,  1  b. 

Kazan  [ka-zan'J,  government  of  Russia,  IX. 
776.  Capital  city,  1  c.  Semiozernoi  con¬ 
vent,  2  c  (ill.). 

Kazan ,  Our  Lady  of,  cathedral  of,  St.  Peters¬ 
burg,  XIY.  551, 1  a;  1. 282, 1  c. 

Kazbin:  see  Casbin. 

Kaziaskier :  see  Ulema. 

Kazinczy,  Ferencz  [koz'-in-tse],  Hungarian  au¬ 
thor,  IX.  776. 

Kean,  Edmund,  English  actor,  IX.  777.  Allu¬ 
sion  to,  I.  270,  2  a.  Charles  John,  actor,  IX. 
778,  1  a.  Ellen  (Tree),  actress,  1  c. 

Keane,  John,  lord,  general,  IX.  778 ;  1. 161, 1  b. 

Kearney  [kar'-ne],  county,  IX.  778. 

Kearny,  Lawrence,  American  naval  officer,  IX. 
778.  Stephen  Watts,  soldier,  2  c.  His  diffi¬ 
culty  with  Com.  Stockton,  YII.  479, 1  b ;  with 
Fremont,  1  be.  Philip,  soldier,  IX.  779,  1  a. 

Kearsarge,  mountain,  XI.  412, 2  b;  XII. 292,  2  b. 

Kearsarge ,  U.  S.  war  steamer,  XIY.  763,  1  c; 
XYI.  673,  1  a. 

Keats,  John,  English  poet,  IX.  779;  YI.  643,1  c. 

Keble,  John,  English  poet,  IX.  780. 

Kecskemet  [ketch'-keh-mait],  city  of  Hungary, 
IX.  780. 

Keeohies,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  780. 

Keel ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  861,  2  a.  False  keel, 
862,  2  b. 

Keelson  [kel'-sun],  of  a  ship,  XIY.  862,  2  c. 

Keene,  city  of  New  Hampshire,  IX.  781. 

Keene,  Laura,  American  actress,  IX.  781. 

Keene's  cement,  VIII.  359,  1  b. 

Keeners:  see  Mourning,  XII.  13,  2  c. 

Keep,  in  a  mediaeval  castle,  YII.  328,  2  b. 

Keferstein  [ka'-fer-stine],  (Christian,  1784-1866, 


jurist,  geologist,  and  archaeologist,  of  Halle), 
his  theory  of  volcanoes,  IX.  70,  1  b. 

Keff,  town  of  Tunis,  IX.  781. 

Kehl  [kail],  town  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  IX.  781. 

Keighley  [keeth'-le],  town  of  England,  IX.  781. 

Keightley,  Thomas  [kite'-le],  author,  IX.  781. 

Keill,  John  [keel],  mathematician,  IX.  781. 

Keim,  Theodor  [kime],  theologian,  IX.  782. 

Keith  [keeth],  county,  IX.  782. 

Keith,  Alexander,  Scottish  author,  IX.  782. 

Keith,  George,  Prussian  diplomatist,  IX.  782. 
James,  general,  1  c. 

Keith,  George  Keith-Elphinstone,  viscount, 
admiral,  IX.  782.  Baroness  Keith,  2  c  :  see 
Flahaut  de  la  Billarderie. 

Kelat',  capital  of  Beloochistan,  IX.  782. 

Keldus  [kel'-doos],  (Culdees),  Y.  562,  2  c. 

Kel'lermann,  Francois  Christophe  [Fr.  ka- 
lair-man],  duke  of  Yalmy,  French  soldier, 
IX.  783.  Francois  Ktienne,  soldier,  1  c. 

Kelley,  0.  H. :  see  Husbandry,  Patrons  of. 

Kellogg,  Clara  Louisa,  American  singer,  IX. 
783. 

Kellogg,  Edward,  on  currency,  XI.  745,  2  b. 

Kelly,  Thomas  J.,  Fenian,  YII.  129,  1  a,  b. 

Kelp,  I.  299,  2  ab ;  II.  311,  2  c;  YII.  515, 
1  ab;  IX.  327,  1  ab. 

Kelpie :  see  Fairies,  YII.  65,  1  a. 

Kelt:  see  Salmon,  XIY.  568,  1  c. 

Iv£/l rat,  IY.  176,  2  be. 

Kelung',  town  of  Formosa,  IX.  783. 

Kemble,  name  of  a  family  of  British  actors, 
IX.  784.  Roger,  1  a.  John  Philip,  ib. 
George  Stephen,  1  c.  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Whit¬ 
lock),  ib.  Charles,  2  a.  Frances  Anne  (Mrs. 
Butler),  2  be.  Adelaide  (Mrs.  Sartoris),  785, 
1  c.  Marriage  of  her  son,  Algernon  Charles, 
to  the  daughter  of  President  Grant,  ib. 

Kemble,  Fanny:  see  Kemble,  Frances  Anne, 
IX.  784,  2  be. 

Kemble,  John  Mitchell,  English  historian,  IX. 
785. 

Kemeny,  Zsigmond,  baron  [kem'-ainy’],  Hun¬ 
garian  author,  IX.  785.  (Died  1875.) 

Kem'pelen,  Wolfgang,  baron,  Hungarian  mech¬ 
anician,  IX.  786.  His  automaton  chess  play¬ 
er,  1  a,  b ;  II.  155,  2  c. 

Kemper,  county,  IX.  786. 

Kemper,  Reuben,  American  soldier,  IX.  786. 

Kempis,  Thomas  a,  ascetic  waiter,  IX.  786. 

Kempten,  town  of  Bavaria,  IX.  787. 

Ken,  Thomas,  English  bishop,  IX.  787. 

Ken,  prefecture  in  Japan,  IX.  741,  2  ab;  XIL 
124,  1  b. 


KENAIANS 


KEENER 


433 


Kenaians,  Alaskan  Indians,  IX.  787. 
Kenansxille ,  county  seat,  YI.  322,  1  c. 

Kendal,  town  of  England,  IX.  788. 

Keiidal  green ,  color,  XVI.  712,  1  b. 

Kendall,  two  counties,  IX.  788. 

Kendall,  Amos,  American  politician,  IX.  788. 
Kendall,  George  Wilkins,  journalist,  IX.  788. 
Kendall  institute:  see  Shurtleff  College. 
Ivendeiok,  Asahel  Clark,  American  classical 
and  Biblical  scholar,  IX.  789. 

Ken'eh,  city  of  Egypt,  IX.  789. 

Kenesaic  mountain ,  Georgia,  referred  to,  XIY. 
851,  2  ab. 

Kenilworth,  village  of  England,  IX.  789. 

Castle,  1  a  (ill.). 

Kennebec,  county,  IX.  790. 

Kennebec,  river  of  Maine,  IX.  790. 

Kennedy,  Benjamin  Hall,  English  clergyman, 
IX.  790.  Charles  Rann,  barrister,  2  ab. 
Kennedy,  Grace,  Scottish  authoress,  IX.  790. 
Kennedy,  John  Pendleton,  American  author, 
IX.  790. 

Kennekuk ,  Kickapoo  chief,  IX.  82-1,  2  ab. 
Kennet ,  county  seat,  YI.  317,  2  be. 

Kennet,  White,  English  bishop,  IX.  791. 
Kenneth  Macalpin,  Scottish  king,  XIY.  704, 1  c. 
Kennicott,  Benjamin,  English  clergyman  and 
critic,  IX.  791.  His  attempt  to  restore  the 
Hebrew  text  of  the  Old  Testament,  1  c. 
Collation  of  manuscripts,  2  a. 

Kenny ,  St .,  cathedral  of,  IX.  832,  1  b  (ill.). 
Keno'sha,  county,  IX.  791. 

Kenosha,  city  of  Wisconsin,  IX.  791. 

Kenrick,  Francis  Patrick,  archbishop  of  Balti¬ 
more,  IX.  792.  Peter  Richard,  archbishop 
of  St.  Louis,  2  a. 

Kensett,  John  Frederick,  American  artist,  IX. 
793. 

Kensington  gardens,  London,  X.  597,  2  a.  Ken¬ 
sington  palace,  609,  1  be.  See  Park,  XIII. 
102  (map). 

Kent,  four  counties,  United  States,  IX.  793. 
Kent,  two  counties,  Canada,  IX.  793. 

Kent,  county  of  England,  IX.  794. 

Kent,  Edward  Augustus,  duke  of,  IX.  794. 
Kent,  James,  American  jurist,  IX.  794.  His 
“  Commentaries,”  XYI.  202,  1  ab.  William, 
IX.  796,  1  ab. 

Kent ,  Joan  of:  see  Bocher ,  Joan  (Index). 
Kent,  VTilliam,  English  artist,  IX.  796. 
Kentaienton,  town  of  the  Eries,  YI.  714,  1  b. 
Kentish  petition,  allusion  to,  Y.  763,  1  a. 
Kentland,  county  seat,  XII.  345,  1  b. 

Kenton,  county,  IX.  796. 

28 


Kenton ,  county  seat,  VIII.  453,  2  b. 

Kenton,  Simon,  American  pioneer,  IX.  796. 
Kent's  hole ,  cavern :  see  Torquay,  XV.  806,  2  a. 
Kentucky,  state,  IX.  796.  Seal  (ill.),  797. 
Population,  1  c.  Topography,  2  c.  Rivers, 
798,  1  be.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  b ;  cor¬ 
alline  productions,  799, 1  a.  Soil,  2  a.  Cli¬ 
mate,  ib .  Productions,  2  b.  Agriculture, 
2  c.  Manufactures,  800,  2  a.  Commerce, 
1  c.  Intercommunication,  801,  1  a.  Banks, 
1  b.  Government,  1  be.  Finances,  802,  1  b. 
Public  institutions,  1  c.  Education,  2  b. 
Newspapers,  &c.,  803,  2  be.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  804,  1  a.  History,  1  b. 
Kentucky,  river,  IX.  805. 

Kentucky  military  institute:  see  Military 
ScnooLS,  XI.  538,  2  a. 

Kentucky  resolutions  of  1798,  XII.  534,  1  a. 
Kentucky  university ,  X.  390,  1  b  (ill.). 
Kentxille ,  county  seat,  X.  6,  1  b. 

Kenyon,  John,  English  poet,  IX.  806. 

Kenyon,  Lloyd,  lord,  jurist,  IX.  806. 

Kenyon  College  :  see  Gambier. 

Ke'okuk,  county,  IX.  806. 

Keokuk,  city  of  Iowa,  IX.  806. 

Keosauqua ,  county  seat,  XYI.  253,  2  c. 
Kepler,  Johann,  German  astronomer,  IX.  807. 
Kepler’s  laws,  2  b  ;  808,  lb;  II.  45, 1  b.  See 
Geometry,  YII.  701,  2  a. 

Keppel,  Augustus,  viscount,  English  admiral, 
IX.  809.  George  Thomas,  statesman,  1  b. 
Sir  Henry,  admiral,  1  c. 

Keratonyxis,  in  couching,  IY.  102,  1  c,  2  a. 
Keratry,  Auguste  Hilarion  de  [ka-ra-tre], 
French  author,  IX.  809.  £mile  de,  count, 
politician,  2  b. 

Kerguelen  [Fr.  kair-ga-lang],  island,  Indian 
ocean,  IX.  809.  A  station  for  observing  the 
transit  of  Venus  in  1874,  2  c. 

Kerguelen  land ,  antarctic  territory,  IX.  810, 1  a. 
Kerguelen-Tremarec  [-tra-ma-rek],  Yves  Jo¬ 
seph  de,  French  navigator,  IX.  810. 

Kerkha  [ker'-ka],  river  of  Persia,  IX.  810,  1  c, 
823,  2  a;  XIII.  315,  2  b. 

Kerman  [ker-man'],  province  of  Persia,  IX. 

810.  Capital  city,  1  be. 

KERMANSHAn  [-sha'J,  town  of  Persia,  IX.  810. 

Cuneiform  inscriptions  near,  Y.  573,  2  a,  1  c. 
Ker'mes  Insect:  see  Cochineal,  IY.  778,  1  c; 
Oak,  XII.  558,  1  c. 

Kermes  Mineral,  IX.  810 ;  I.  565,  2  a. 

Kern,  county,  IX.  810. 

Kerner,  Andreas  Justinus  [kair'-ner],  German 
physician,  IX.  810. 


434 


KEROSENE 


KHOMADO 


Kerosene',  IX.  811 ;  XIII.  371, 1  a,  ff.  Varie¬ 
ty  in  quality,  373,  2  b. 

Kerr,  county,  IX.  813. 

Kerrsville ,  county  seat,  IX.  813,  1  c. 

Kerry,  county  of  Ireland,  IX.  813. 

Kerry  cow ,  IV.  131,  1  c.  Kerry  bull  (ill.),  ib. 

Kershaw',  county,  IX.  813. 

Kertch  [kerch],  city  of  the  Crimea,  IX.  813 
(view,  814).  Strait  of,  2  b;  III.  113,  1  c. 
Tumuli  at,  IX.  814,  1  b. 

Kertch  collection  of  Greek  antiques ,  IV.  217, 1  be. 

Keshish  Dagh ,  mountain,  Turkey,  IX.  822, 1  be. 

Kestrel,  falcon,  IX.  814  (ill.). 

Keswick  [kez'-ik],  town  of  England,  IX.  814. 

Ketchup ,  origin  of  name,  XV.  203,  1  a. 

Ketmehr  [ket'-mair],  dog,  companion  of  the 
seven  sleepers,  VI.  679,  1  b. 

Ke'tones,  in  chemistry,  IX.  815. 

Ketteler,  Wilhelm  Emanuel  von,  baron,  Ger¬ 
man  prelate,  IX.  815. 

Ketskemet :  see  Kecskemet. 

Kett ,  Cornish  insurgent  leader,  VI.  438,  2  c. 

Kettle  drum:  see  Drum,  VI.  271,  2  b. 

Ket'upa  (ornithology),  XII.  754,  1  c.  K.  fla- 
vipes,  ib. 

Kev'el,  variety  of  gazelle,  VII.  655,  1  b  (ill.). 

Kew,  village  of  England,  IX.  815.  Royal  bo¬ 
tanic  gardens,  2  b ;  referred  to,  I.  223,  1  c. 
Museum  (ill.),  IX.  815. 

Kewau'nee,  county,  IX.  816. 

Kewaunee ,  county  seat,  IX.  816,  1  a. 

Kewee'naw,  county,  IX.  816.  Keweenaw  point, 
la;  10,  2  b. 

Kewkiang',  town  of  China,  IX.  816. 

Key :  see  Lock.  In  music,  XII.  77,  1  a. 

Key,  Francis  Scott,  American  poet,  IX.  816. 
His  “Star-Spangled  Banner,”  2  a;  11.253, 
1  a.  Proposed  monument  to,  X.  412,  2  c. 

Key,  Thomas  Hewitt,  English  scholar  and 
educator,  IX.  816.  (Died  1875.) 

Key  Islands,  Indian  archipelago,  IX.  816. 

Keys,  the ,  Bahama  islands,  III.  551,  1  ab. 

Keyser,  Nicaise  de  [ki'-zer ;  Fr.  ka-zair],  Bel¬ 
gian  painter,  IX.  816. 

Keyserling  and  Blasius,  classification  of  birds 
by,  XII.  708,  1  b. 

Keys  of  Florida  :  see  Florida  Keys. 

Keytesville  [keets'-vil],  county  seat,  IV.  277, 1  c. 

Key  West,  island  of  Florida,  IX.  817;  VII. 
280,  1  b.  City,  IX.  817,  1  c  (view). 

Khadijah  [ka-de'-ja],  wife  of  Mohammed,  XI. 
694,  1  a,  c. 

Khair-ed-Din  [kire-ed-deen'],  pasha  of  Algiers, 
I.  305,  2  a.  See  Barbarossa,  II.  297,  2  c. 


Khalana:  see  Culna. 

Khalfa ,  Turkish  official  title,  VIII.  368,  2  ab. 
Khaliloo',  king  of  Gando,  Africa,  VII.  609, 1  be. 
Khamsin  [kam-seen'J,  a  wind  of  Egypt,  I.  165, 
2  ab;  VI.  456,  1  ab;  XV.  60,  1  c. 

Khan  [kan],  sovereign  title,  IX.  818.  Cara¬ 
vansary,  1  c;  III.  767,  2  ab. 

Khandeish  :  see  Candeish. 

Khania  :  see  Canea. 

Khan  Minyeh ,  supposed  site  of  Capernaum, 
Palestine,  III.  751,  1  c. 

Khanpoor',  town  of  Hindostan,  IX.  818. 

Khan  serai  [sa-rl'],  palace,  II.  229,  2  c. 
Kharesm',  khanate  of  Khiva,  IX.  818. 
Kharizmians ,  or  Kharesmians ,  invasion  of  Sy¬ 
ria  by,  V.  530,  2  c ;  IX.  818,  2  b. 

Khar'kov,  government  of  Russia,  IX.  818. 
Capital  city,  2  c. 

Khartoom',  town  of  Sennaar,  IX.  819  (view). 
Khat ,  shrub,  XVI.  782,  2  b ;  IX.  731,  2  b. 
Khatrees ',  Hindoo  race,  IX.  213,  2  be,  c. 
Khaunpoor :  see  Khanpoor. 

“ Khazar ,  the,”  a  Hebrew  work,  IX.  699,  2  a. 
Khazars,  a  Turanian  people,  XIV.  489,  1  a ; 
V.  620,  1  a. 

Kazneh :  see  Petra,  XIII.  362,  2  c. 

Khedive  [ka-deev'],  of  Egypt,  VI.  457,  1  ber, 
468,  la;  I.  16,  1  c;  IX.  430,  1  c. 

Khem ,  Egyptian  divinity,  VI.  464, 1  a,  484,  2b; 

XI.  384,  2  a ;  XII.  116,  2  b ;  XIII.  380,  2  c. 
Khemnitzer  :  see  Chemnitzer. 

Khekaskoff',  Mikhail,  Russian  poet,  IX.  819. 
Kherson  [ker'-son],  government  of  Russia, 

IX.  819.  Capital  city,  820,  1  a  (view). 
Khilji ,  house  of,  in  India,  IX.  207,  2  be. 
Khimara  [ke-ma'-ra] :  see  Ceraunian  Moun¬ 
tains,  IV.  209,  1  a. 

Khio :  see  Scio. 

Khiva  [ke'-va],  khanate  of  Turkistan,  IX.  820 ; 
II.  10,  2  a.  Oasis  of,  IX.  820,  2  a.  History, 
821,  1  ab.  Capital  city,  2  be.  Mosque  of 
the  palace,  822,  1  a  (ill.). 

Khlodwig  (Clovis),  VII.  378,  2  c. 

Khlysti,  Russian  sect,  XIV.  485,  1  be. 

Khmim  [kmeem],  VI.  484,  2  c  (Ekhmim). 
Khnum  [knoom] :  see  Knuphis  (Index). 
Khodavendighiar  [ko-da-ven'-de-gyar],  vila¬ 
yet  of  Turkey,  IX.  822. 

Khoi,  town  of  Persia,  IX.  822. 

Khokan',  khanate  of  central  Asia,  IX.  822. 
(Annexed  to  Russia  as  the  province  of  Fer¬ 
ghana,  1876.)  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Khomado  [ko-mli-dd'],  Burmese  temple  of, 

XII.  790,  2  a. 


KHORA 


KINESIPATHY 


435 


Khora  dialect :  see  Hottentots,  IX.  9,  1  c. 
Khorasan',  province  of  Persia,  IX.  823.  His¬ 
tory,  1  b. 

Khorassan :  see  Khorasan. 

Khordeh  Avesta :  see  Zend-Avesta,  X\  I.  810, 
2  c. 

Khorremabad' ,  town  of  Persia,  X.  7 24,  2  a. 
Khorsabad ,  mound  of:  see  Nineveh,  XII.  456, 
2  ab,  457,  1  be.  Referred  to,  II.  35,  2  b. 
Khoshots ,  Calmuck  tribe,  HI.  623,  1  c. 

Khosru  [koz'-roo] :  see  Chosroes. 

Khotin',  town  of  Russia,  IX.  823. 

Khovaresm :  see  Kharesm. 

Khubilghans ,  in  Lamaism,  X.  116,  1  c. 
Khusarthis ,  in  Phoenician  mythology,  XII. 
118,  1  c. 

Khusor ,  in  Phoenician  mythology,  XII.  118, 1  c. 
Khutuktus  [koo-took-toos'],  in  Lamaism,  X. 
116,  1  be. 

Khuzistan',  province  of  Persia,  IX.  823  ;  345, 
2  be. 

Khyerpoor' ,  state  in  Sinde,  XY.  64, 2  b ;  65, 1  ab. 
Ki  [ke] :  see  Key  Islands. 

Kiakhta  [kyakh'-ta],  town  of  Siberia,  IX.  823. 
Kiangning-fu  [kyang-ning-foo'] :  see  Nanking. 
Kiangsi  [-see'],  province  of  China,  IX.  823. 
Kiangsu  [-soo'],  province  of  China,  IX.  824. 
Kiches :  see  Quiches. 

Kichisipirini  [ke-she-se-pe-re'-ne],  Algonquins, 

I.  309,  1  a. 

Kick'apoos,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  824. 

Kidd,  William,  pirate,  IX.  825.  Referred  to, 

II.  501,  2  c;  XY.  160,  1  c. 

Kidder,  county,  IX.  825. 

Kidder,  Daniel  Parish,  American  clergyman, 
IX.  825. 

Kid'derminster,  borough  of  England,  IX.  826. 
Kidderminster  carpet,  IY.  20,  2  a. 
Kidnapping,  in  law,  IX.  826. 

Kidney,  IX.  826  (ills.).  Granular  degenera¬ 
tion  of,  827,  2  c ;  I.  258,  1  a.  Gouty  kid¬ 
ney,  ib. ;  waxy,  1  b  ;  fatty,  ib. 

Kidney  bean ,  II.  416,  2  a. 

Kieff:  see  Kiev. 

Kiel  [keel],  seaport  of  Prussia,  IX.  828  (view). 

Treaty  of  peace  of  Kiel,  IY.  529,  1  a. 
Kielce  [kyel'-tseh],  government  of  Russia,  IX. 
828.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Kienciiow  [kyen-chow'],  city  of  China,  IX.  828. 
Kienmier's  amalgam  [keen'-meers],  YI.  505, 1  c. 
Kien-lung  [kyen-loong'],  emperor  of  China,  IY. 
459,  2  c. 

Kiepert,  Heinrich  [ke'-pert],  German  geog¬ 
rapher,  IX.  829. 


Kiesewetter,  Rafael  Georg  [ke'-z8h-vet-ter], 
author,  IX.  829. 

Kiev  [ke'-ev],  government  of  Russia,  IX.  829. 
Capital  city,  2  c.  Petcherskoi  monastery, 
830,  1  a  (ill.,  829). 

Kijang  [ke-jang'],  a  kind  of  deer,  XII.  47,  1  c. 
Ivilauea  [ke-low-a'-a],  volcano  of  Hawaii,  IX* 
830  ;  YIII.  525,  2  c. 

Kilbourne,  James  [kil'-burn],  American  pio¬ 
neer,  IX.  830. 

Kilchum ',  castle  of,  II.  164,  2  a. 

Kildare',  county  of  Ireland,  IX.  831.  Cur- 
ragh  of  Kildare,  1  be. 

Kil'deer,  bird,  IX.  831  (ill.). 

Kilian ,  Saint  (Scotch  apostle  of  the  Franks, 
first  bishop  of  Wurzburg,  martyred  688), 
church  of,  YIII.  614,  1  b  (Heilbronn). 
Kilimane :  see  Quilimane. 

Kilimanjaro',  mountain  of  Africa,  IX.  831. 
Kilkenny,  county  of  Ireland,  IX.  831.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  832,  1  a.  Cathedral,  1  b  (ill.). 
“Kill”  in  parliamentary  slang,  XIII.  119,  1  a. 
Killar'ney,  town  of  Ireland,  IX.  832.  Lakes 
of,  1  c.  Ruins  of  Ross  castle,  2  a  (ill.). 
Killas:  see  Lead,  X.  250,  2  c. 

Kill-dara,  cell  of  St.  Bridget,  III.  280,  2  c. 
Killer,  grampus,  YIII.  147, 1  b  ;  XYI.  582, 1  a. 
Killiecrankie,  pass  of,  II.  67, 1  b  ;  YIII.  142, 2  b. 
Killigrew,  Sir  William,  English  poet,  IX.  832. 
Thomas,  dramatist,  2  b.  Henry,  divine,  833, 

1  a.  Anne,  ib. 

Killikiniclc! ,  substitute  for  tobacco,  XY.  462, 1  b. 
Kilmar'nock,  borough  of  Scotland,  IX.  833. 
Kiln ,  brick,  III.  267, 1  a;  malt,  258,  2  b ;  lime, 
X.477,  2  b  ;  hop,  YIII.  809,  2  b;  stoneware, 
XIII.  788,  1  b  (ills.) ;  earthenware,  789,  2  o, 
790,  2  a  (ills.) ;  porcelain,  791,  2  a  (ill.). 
Kilogramme  :  see  Gramme,  YIII.  146,  2  a. 
Kilt ,  in  highland  costume,  XI Y.  700,  2  a. 
Kilwa  [keel'-wa],  town  of  E.  Africa,  IX.  833. 
Kimball,  Richard  Burleigh,  American  author, 
IX.  833. 

Kimble,  county,  IX.  833. 

Kimhi,  or  Kimchi,  David  [kim-he',  khe'],  He¬ 
brew  scholar,  IX.  833. 

Kimmeridge  clay,  IY.  185,  1  ab. 

Kin,  Chinese  musical  instrument,  XII.  86, 1  c. 
Kincardineshire  [king-kar'-din-sheer],  county 
of  Scotland,  IX.  833. 

Kindergarten  :  see  Infant  Schools,  IX.  273, 

2  b ;  Education,  YI.  418,  1  a ;  Froebel, 
YII.  502,  2  b. 

Kinesipathy  [ki-nes'-e-path-e]:  see  Ling,  Peter 
Henrik,  X.  506,  2  c. 


436 


KING 


KINSKY 


King,  title,  IX.  833. 

King,  county,  IX.  834. 

King ,  Chinese  musical  instrument,  XII.  86,  2  a. 

King ,  Clarence ,  discovery  of  glaciers  in  Cali¬ 
fornia  by,  VII.  827,  2  c. 

King,  John  Crookshanks,  American  sculptor, 
IX.  834. 

King,  Peter,  lord,  English  chancellor,  IX.  834. 

King,  Philip  Parker,  admiral,  IX.  834. 

King,  Rufus,  American  statesman,  IX.  835. 
John  Alsop,  836,  2  b.  Charles,  president 
of  Columbia  college,  ib. 

King,  Thomas  Starr,  American  clergyman  and 
writer,  IX.  836. 

King,  William,  Irish  bishop,  IX.  837. 

King,  William  Kufus,  American  statesman, 
IX.  837.  Vice  president,  2  a. 

King  and  Queen,  county,  IX.  837. 

King  and  Queen  Court  House ,  county  seat,  IX. 
837,  2  b. 

King  at  Arms:  see  Heraldry,  VIII.  674, 1  c,  2  a. 

King  Bird,  IX.  837  (ill.). 

King  Crab,  IX.  838  (ill.)  ;  V.  448,  1  c,  533,  2  b. 

Kingcup ,  plant,  XIV.  202,  1  c. 

King  Fish,  IX.  838  (ill.)  ;  VIII.  385,  2  c. 

King'fisher,  bird,  IX.  839  (ills.). 

King  George,  county,  IX.  840. 

King  George  C.  K,  county  seat,  IX.  840,  2  a. 

King  of  the  herrings,  fish,  XIV.  727,  1  b. 

Kinghunters ,  birds,  IX.  840,  1  be. 

King  James's  Newland  (Spitzbergen),  XV.  279, 
2  a. 

King  John's  castle,  Limerick,  X.  480,  2  c  (ill.). 

King  Karl  land  (Spitzbergen),  XV.  279,  2  ab. 

Kinglake,  Alexander  William,  English  author, 
IX.  840.  John  Alexander,  lawyer,  2  c. 

Kinglet,  bird,  X.  5  (ill.). 

“  King -maker,  the:"  see  Warwick,  Richard 
Neville,  earl  of. 

Kingman,  county,  X.  5. 

King  of  the  marJcets,  sobriquet,  II.  425,  1  b. 

King  of  the  mountains  :  see  Mejia. 

King  Philip's  war ,  XI.  259,  1  a,  260,  2  ab. 
See  Narragansetts,  and  Philip,  King. 

King-post  truss:  see  Roof,  XIV.  421,  1  a  (ill.). 

Kings,  county  of  New  York,  X.  5. 

King’s,  three  counties  of  Canada,  X.  5. 

King’s,  county  of  Ireland,  X.  6. 

Kings,  Books  of,  X.  6.  First  and  second,  1  c : 
see  Samuel,  Books  of. 

Kingsborough,  Edward  King,  viscount,  archae¬ 
ologist,  X.  6. 

King's  boys ,  in  Christ’s  hospital,  IV.  553,  2  c, 
554,  1  c. 


Kings'bridge :  see  New  York,  XII.  374,  1  a, 
ab ;  Yonkers,  XVI.  787,  1  b. 

Kingsbury,  county,  X.  6. 

King's  college ,  London,  V.  58,  2  a ;  X.  604,  1  b. 
King's  college,  original  name  of  Columbia  col¬ 
lege,  V.  118,  2  c. 

King's  counterpoise  gun  carriage ,  I.  796,  2  c. 
King's  dale:  see  Jerusalem,  IX.  620,  1  ab. 
King' 8  evil  (scrofula),  the  first  English  prince 
that  touched  for  it,  VI.  433,  2  c. 

Kingsley,  Calvin,  American  clergyman,  X.  6. 
Kingsley,  Charles,  English  clergyman  and  au¬ 
thor,  X.  7.  (Died  1875.)  Henry,  author, 
2  b.  (Died  1876.) 

Kingsley,  James  Luce,  American  scholar,  X.  8. 
King's  Lynn :  see  Lynn-Regis. 

Kingsmill  group  :  see  Gilbert  Islands. 

King’s  Mountain,  village  of  North  Carolina, 
X.  8.  Battle  of,  1  c. 

King  snake  (chain  snake),  IV.  225,  2  b. 

King's  scholars,  in  Eton  college,  VI.  763,  1  c. 
Kingston,  city  of  New  York,  X.  8.  State 
constitutional  convention  at,  1  c ;  546,  1  c. 
Kingston,  county  seats,  III.  577,  2  a;  XIV. 

354,  1  c;  XVI.  473,  1  b. 

Kingston,  city  of  Canada,  X.  9  (ill.). 
Kingston,  capital  of  Jamaica,  X.  10  (view). 
Kingston  :  see  Kingston-upon-Thames. 
Kingston,  Elizabeth  Chudleigh,  duchess  of, 
X.  11. 

Kingston-upon-Hull :  see  Hull. 
Kingston-upon-Thames,  town  of  England,  X. 

11.  Roman  antiquities,  2  c. 

Kingstown,  seaport  of  Ireland,  X.  11. 
Kingstree,  county  seat,  XVI.  642,  1  c. 

King's  vassals:  see  Serfs,  XIV.  775,  1  be. 
Kingtechin',  town  of  China,  X.  12. 

King  William,  county,  X.  12. 

King  William  C.  H,  county  seat,  X.  12,  1  b. 
Kingwood:  see  Rosewood,  XIV.  441,  1  ab. 
Kingwood,  county  seat,  XIII.  827,  1  b. 

Ki'nio  Acid,  X.  12. 

Kin'kajou:  see  Potto,  XIII.  792,  2  c. 

Kinkel,  Johann  -Gottfried,  German  poet  and 
patriot,  X.  12 ;  XIV.  687,  1  c. 

Kinney,  county,  X.  12. 

Kinnildnick’ ,  substitute  for  tobacco,  XV.  462. 
1  b. 

Kino,  vegetable  extract,  X.  12. 

Kino'ic  acid,  X.  12,  2  c. 

Ki’none:  see  Kinio  Acid,  X.  12,  1  c. 
Kinross'-siiire,  county  of  Scotland,  X.  13. 
Kins  ale',  town  of  Ireland,  X.  13. 

Kin'sky,  noble  Bohemian  family,  X.  13c 


KINSTON 


KJOEKKEN-MOEDDINGS  437 


Kinston ,  county  seat,  X.  341,  2  a. 

Kioto  [ke-o'-to],  city  of  Japan,  X.  13. 

Kiow  [ke'-ov] :  see  Kiev. 

Ki'owa,  county,  X.  13. 

Kiowas,  or  Kioways,  Indian  tribe,  X.  13. 

Kip  :  see  Leather,  X.  271,  1  ab. 

Kip,  William  Ingraliam,  American  bishop,  X. 
14.  (Died  1877.) 

Kippis,  Andrew,  English  clergyman,  X.  14. 
Kiptchak,  Tartar  race,  X.  14;  XY.  575,  2  c. 
Desert  of,  X.  14,  2  c.  Khanate  of,  15,  1  a ; 

IX.  776,  2  ab.  See  Mongolians. 

Kirby,  William,  English  naturalist,  X.  15. 
Classification  of  insects  by  Kirby  and 
Spence,  VI.  661,  1  a. 

Kirby  ville,  county  seat,  IX.  689,  1  a. 

KiRonER,  Athanasius  [keer'-cher],  German 
scholar,  X.  15.  His  theory  of  the  origin  of 
music,  VIII.  466,  1  b.  Invention  of  the 
seolian  harp  ascribed  to  him,  I.  141,  2  c. 
Kirchheim  [keer°h'-hime],  Wurtemberg,  X.  15. 
Kirchheim-unter-Teck :  see  Kirchheim. 
Kirohhoff,  Gustav  Robert  [keerch'-huf],  Ger¬ 
man  physicist,  X.  15.  His  discovery  of 
caesium  and  rubidium,  2  be.  Kirchhoff’s 
spectroscope,  XY.  240,  1  b  (ill.).  See  Spec¬ 
trum  Analysis. 

KiRcnHOFF,  Johann  Wilhelm  Adolf,  German 
philologist,  X.  15. 

Kirchmessen ,  origin  of  the  name,  VII.  59,  1  c. 
Kirghises  :  see  Kirghiz. 

Kirghiz  [keer-gheez'],  nomadic  people  of  Asi¬ 
atic  Russia,  X.  16  ;  XY.  575,  2  c,  576,  1  a; 
XYI.  67,  2  a. 

Kirghiz- Kaizaks :  see  Kirghiz. 

Kirjath  Arba:  see  Hebron. 

Kirk,  Edward  Norris,  American  clergyman, 

X.  16. 

Kirk,  John  Foster,  author,  X.  16. 

Kirkbride,  Thomas  S.,  physician,  X.  16. 
Kirkby-Kendal :  see  Kendal. 

Kirkcaldy  [kur-kawl'-de],  seaport  of  Scot¬ 
land,  X.  17. 

Kirkcudbright  [kur-koo'-bre],  county  of  Scot¬ 
land,  X.  17.  Seaport,  2  a. 

Kirke,  Sir  David,  English  colonial  adventurer, 
X.  17 ;  IY.  251,  2  ab. 

Kirke  grim :  see  Fairies,  YII.  64,  2  b. 

Kirkes,  William  Senhouse,  English  physician, 
X.  17. 

Kirkland,  Caroline  Matilda  (Stansbury),  Amer¬ 
ican  authoress,  X.  17. 

Kirkland,  John  Thornton,  president  of  Har¬ 
vard  university,  X.  18. 


Kirksville ,  county  seat,  I.  79,  2  a. 

Kirkwall ,  town,  Orkney  islands,  XII.  696,  1  b. 
Kirkwood,  Daniel,  American  mathematician, 
X.  18.  Kirkwood’s  law,  XIII.  571,  1  a. 
Kirman :  see  Kerman. 

Kirschwasser  [keersh'-vas-ser],  alcoholic  li¬ 
quor,  X.  18;  IY.  381,  1  c. 

Kirtland ,  Ohio  (Lake  co.),  settlement  of  Mor¬ 
mons  at,  XI.  834,  1  be ;  XY.  120,  1  c. 
Kirwan  [kur'-wan],  nom  de  plume,  XII.  64,  2  a. 
Kirwan,  Richard,  Irish  chemist,  X.  18.  On 
mineralogy,  XI.  589,  1  c. 

Kisfaludy,  Karoly  [kish'-faw-loo-de],  Hun¬ 
garian  dramatist,  X.  18.  Sandor,  poet,  2  c. 
Kishenev',  town  of  Russia,  X.  19. 

Kiss,  August,  German  sculptor,  X.  19. 
Kissingen  [kis'-sing-en],  watering  place  of  Ba¬ 
varia,  X.  19.  Artesian  well  at,  I.  776,  1  a. 

“ Kiss  me  at  the  garden  gate”  flower,  XYI. 
363,  1  a. 

Kistendjeh :  see  Kustendji. 

Kistnah,  river  of  India,  X.  19. 

Kistvaen:  see  Cromlech,  and  YII.  198,  1  c. 
Kit,  small  violin,  XYI.  363,  2  b. 

Kit  (swift  fox),  YII.  359,  1  c. 

Kitamby,  Madagascan  garment,  X.  812,  1  c. 
Kit  Carson,  county  seat,  VIII.  240,  1  c. 

Kit  Cat  Club,  London,  X.  19.  Kit  Cat  por¬ 
traits,  2  b. 

Kitchen  middens:  see  Finds,  YII.  196,  2  a. 
Kitchiner,  William,  English  physician,  X.  19. 
KiVs  Coty  Rouse ,  Y.  500,  1  b  (ill.). 

Kite,  bird,  X.  19  (ill.,  20). 

Kite  dance :  see  Bayadeer,  II.  404,  2  b. 
Kitsap,  county,  X.  20. 

Kittan'ning,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  20. 
Kittatinny  Mountains,  X.  20 ;  XYI.  123,  2  c. 
Kittery,  town  of  Maine,  X.  21. 

Kittim  (or  Chittim),  Y.  616,  2  c. 

Kittiwake:  see  Gull,  YIII.  319,  2  c. 

Kitto,  John,  English  Biblical  scholar,  X.  21. 
Kittlitz,  F.  H.  von,  baron,  naturalist,  X.  21. 
Kittul ,  fibre  of  palm  leaves,  XIII.  18,  1  c. 
Kitty  Crocodile,  sobriquet,  X.  11,  2  a. 

Kitty  wren:  see  Wren,  XYI.  735,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Kiuji  [ku'-fe]:  see  Cufic,  Y.  561,  2  b. 
Kiukiang  [ku-kyang'] :  see  Kewkiang. 
Kiungchow :  see  Kienchow. 

Kiushiu  [ku-shu/],  island  of  Japan,  X.  21. 
Kiusiu :  see  Kiushiu. 

Kiwi-Kiwi  [ke'-we-ke'-we] :  see  Apteryx. 
Kizil-Irmak  [kiz'-il-eer-mak7],  river,  I.  216, 1  c. 
Kjoekken  -  moeddings  [kyuk'-ken-mhd-dings]  : 
see  Finds,  YII.  196,  2  a. 


438 


KLADDERADATSCH 


KNOX 


Klad'deradatsch ,  German  “Punch,” IX.  736, 1  b. 
Kladno  [klad'-no],  town  of  Bohemia,  X.  21. 
Klagenfueth  [kla'-ghen-foort],  Austria,  X.  21. 
Klamath  [klam'-at],  county,  X.  21. 

Klamath,  river  of  California,  X.  22.  Town, 

1  ab. 

Klamath  lake ,  Upper  and  Lower,  XII.  679, 1  be. 
Klamaths,  Indian  tribes,  X.  22. 

Klapka,  Gyorgy  [klop'-kaw],  Hungarian  sol¬ 
dier,  X.  22. 

Klapeoth,  Martin  Heinrich  [klap'-rote],  Ger¬ 
man  chemist,  X.  23  ;  IV.  365,  1  a.  Heinrich 
Julius  von,  traveller,  X.  23,  1  a.  Charges 
of  imposture,  1  c. 

Klausenbueg  [klow'-zen-boorg],  town  of  Tran¬ 
sylvania,  X.  23. 

Klausthal  :  see  Clausthal.  Adit  of,  I.  122, 

2  a. 

Klebee,  Jean  Baptiste  [kla-bair],  French  sol¬ 
dier,  X.  23. 

Klein  [kline],  amnesty  case  of,  I.  432,  1  c. 
Kleist,  Ewald  Christian  von  [klist],  German 
poet,  X.  24.  Monument  to  him, VII.  431, 2  a. 
Kleist,  Heinrich  von,  poet,  X.  24. 

Klemm,  Friedrich  Gustav,  historian,  X.  24. 
Kleng'el,  Johann  Christian,  painter,  X.  24. 
Klenke  [klen'-keh] :  see  Kaesch,  IX.  770, 1  a. 
Klenze,  Leo  von  [klen'-tseh],  architect,  X.  24. 
Klephts ,  Greek  brigands,  I.  722,  1  c. 

Kliefoth,  Theodor  F  riedrich  Dethlef  [kle'-f  ote], 
German  theologian,  X.  24. 

Klik'itat,  county,  X.  25. 

Klikitats,  Indian  tribe,  X.  25. 

Klin,  town  of  Russia,  X.  25. 

Kling ,  people  of  India  so  called,  IX.  215, 1  c. 
Kling'ee,  Friedrich  Maximilian  von,  German 
poet,  X.  25. 

Klipspeingee,  antelope,  X.  25  (ill.) ;  I.  545,  2  a. 
Klipstein  [klip'-stine],  cranium  of  dinotherium 
found  by,  VI.  117,  1  b. 

Klissa:  see  Clissa. 

Klitter,  sterile  flats  in  Jutland,  VI.  10,  2  c. 
Klopp,  Onno  [klup],  German  historian,  X.  25. 
Klopp  castle ,  near  Bingen,  II.  645,  1  ab. 
Klopstock,  Friedrich  Gottlieb,  German  poet, 
X.  26.  Goethe’s  impressions  of,  2  be. 
Knabl,  Joseph  [knabl],  Tyrolese  sculptor,  X.  27. 
Knapp,  Albert  [knap],  German  poet,  X.  27. 
Knapp,  Georg  Christian,  theologian,  X.  27. 
Knapp ,  Isaac  [nap],  American  printer,  VII. 
629,  1  c. 

Knapp,  Jacob,  American  clergyman,  X.  27. 
Knapp,  Ludwig  Friedrich,  chemist,  X.  27. 
Knapp,  Samuel  Lorenzo,  author,  X.  27. 


Knatts,  Ludwig  [knowce],  painter,  X.  27. 
Kneading  machine ,  for  gutta  percha,  VIII.  344, 
1  ab. 

Knebel,  Karl  Ludwig  von  [kna'-bel],  German 
author,  X.  28. 

Knecht  Rupert:  see  Cheistmas,  IV.  551,  1  c. 
Kneeland,  Samuel,  American  naturalist,  X.  28. 
Kneepan :  see  Patella. 

Knellee,  Sir  Godfrey,  English  portrait  paint¬ 
er,  X.  28. 

Kneph  [knef] :  see  Knuphis  (Index). 

Kniaznin,  Franciszek  Dyonizy  [knyaz'-nin], 
Polish  poet,  X.  28. 

Kniebis  Mountains  [kne'-bis],  Germany,  X.  28. 
Knife  handle ,  shell  fish,  XIV.  225,  2  b. 
Knight:  see  CmvALBY,  IV.  496,  1  c.  Knight 
errant,  497,  2  b.  Last  and  best  example  of, 
II.  406,  2  b.  In  ancient  Rome :  see  Equites. 
Knight,  Charles,  English  author,  X.  28. 
Knight,  Richard  Payne,  author,  X.  29.  Thomas 
Andrew,  vegetable  physiologist,  30,  1  ab. 
Knight ,  Silas  P,  his  process  of  electrotyping, 
XIII.  851,  1  be. 

Knighthood  :  see  Chivaley. 

Knights  of  Christ :  see  Templaes,  XV.  635,  2  c. 
Knights  hospitallers ,  of  the  order  of  Saint 
John  of  Jerusalem,  XIV.  535,  1  b ;  of  St. 
Lazarus,  X.  362,  1  b. 

Knights  of  the  hospital  of  St.  Mary  in  Jeru¬ 
salem:  see  Teutonic  Knights. 

Knights  sword-hearers ,  X.  530,  2  a  ;  XIV.  335, 

1  a. 

Knights  of  the  Temple :  see  Templaes. 
Knippeedolling,  Bernhard  [knip'-per-dul-ling], 
German  Anabaptist,  X.  30. 

Knitting  machines ,  XV.  391,  1  b. 

Knives  of  the  stone  age ,  VII.  195,  2  c. 
Knobelsdoeff,  Hans  Georg  Wenzeslaus  von 
[kno'-belce-dorf],  German  architect,  X.  30. 
Knoblechee,  Ignaz  [kno'-bleh-cher],  traveller, 
X.  30. 

Knot,  bird,  X.  30  (ill.). 

Knot,  in  wood,  X.  574,  1  b. 

Knot  grass ,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Knout  [nowt],  instrument  of  punishment,  X.  31. 
Knowles,  James  Davis,  American  clergyman, 
X.  31. 

Knowles,  James  Sheridan,  English  dramatist, 
X.  31. 

Knowlton  (Thomas),  at  Bunker  Hill,  III.  436, 

2  ab  ;  437,  1  c.  (Killed  as  lieutenant  colo¬ 
nel  at  Harlem  heights,  Sept.  16,  1776.) 

Know-nothing  party,  in  politics,  XVI.  172, 1  be. 
Knox,  name  of  nine  counties,  X.  31. 


KNOX 


KOONBEES 


439 


Knox,  county  seat,  XY.  322,  2  b. 

Knox,  Henry,  American  general,  X.  33. 

Knox,  John,  Scottish  reformer,  X.  33.  Re- 
ferred  to,  XI.  234,  1  b.  See  Presbyterian- 
ism,  XIII.  810,  1  c.  Confession  of  faith  at¬ 
tributed  to  him,  2  be. 

Knox,  Vicesimus,  English  clergyman,  X.  35. 

Knox  college,  VII.  564,  1  a  (Galesburg). 

Knoxville,  city  of  Tennessee,  X.  35.  Siege 
of,  36,  1  a. 

Knoxville ,  county  seats,  Y.  465,  1  c;  XI.  169, 
2  b. 

Knuphis  [knoo'-fis],  Egyptian  divinity,  YI. 
464,  1  a;  XII.  116,  2  b. 

Knut  [knoot] :  see  Canute. 

Knyphausen,  Baron  [knip'-how-zen],  German 
soldier,  X.  36. 

Koala  [ko-a'-la],  marsupial  animal,  X.  36  (ill.). 

Ko'bell,  Eranz  von,  German  mineralogist,  X. 
36. 

Kobolds :  see  Fairies,  YII.  64,  1  a,  2  be. 

Kocn,  Karl  Heinrich  Emanuel  [kokh],  German 
traveller,  X.  37. 

Kochanowski,  Jan  [ko-kha-nov'-ske],  Polish 
poet,  X.  37. 

Kook,  Charles  Paul  de,  French  novelist  and 
dramatist,  X.  37.  Henri  de,  1  c. 

Koekkoek,  Bernard  Cornelis  [kook'-kook], 
Dutch  painter,  X.  37.  Marianus,  Adrian, 
and  Herman,  2  a. 

Koenig,  Heinrich  Joseph  [kd'-nich],  German 
novelist,  X.  37. 

Koffee  Galcalli ,  king  of  Ashantee,  YII.  82,  1  b. 

Koh-i-noor  :  see  Diamond,  YI.  75,  2  a. 

Kohl,  Johann  Georg  [kole],  author,  X.  37. 

Kohlrausch,  Heinrich  Friedrich  Theodor 
[kole'-rowsh],  author,  X.  38. 

Kokand :  see  Khokan. 

Koko'mo,  town  of  Indiana,  X.  38.  (Howard 
college  suspended.) 

Koktash ,  stone  supporting  Tamerlane’s  throne, 
XIY.  589,  1  a. 

Kola,  town  of  Russia,  X.  38. 

Kolapoor',  state  of  India,  X.  38.  Capital,  1  c. 
(Fuller  information  under  Colapoor.) 

Kolarians ,  a  race  of  India,  IX.  214,  2  c. 

Kolb,  Georg  Friedrich  [kolp],  German  jour- 
nalist-and  author,  X.  38. 

Kolbe,  Adolf  Wilhelm  Hermann  [kole'-bSh], 
chemist,  X.  38. 

Kolbe,  Karl  Wilhelm,  painter,  X.  38. 

Kolberg:  see  Colberg. 

Kolcsey,  Ferencz  [kol'-clieh-e],  Hungarian  au¬ 
thor,  X.  38. 


Koldewey,  Karl  [kole-d&h-vl'],  German  ex¬ 
plorer,  X.  39. 

Holding  [kole'-ding],  town  of  Denmark,  X.  39. 

Koldinghuus  [-liooce],  castle,  X.  39,  1  a. 

Kolees',  a  race  in  India,  IX.  215,  1  b. 

Koliades ,  Constant  [kiih-lya-dace],  nom  de 
plume,  X.  283,  2  b. 

Kolin,  town  of  Bohemia,  X.  39. 

Kollar,  Jan,  Slavic  scholar  and  poet,  X.  39. 

Kol'liker,  Rudolf  Albert,  German  physiolo¬ 
gist  and  microscopist,  X.  39.  Observations 
on  the  eye,  alluded  to,  YII.  47,  1  c.  Classi¬ 
fication  of  mollusea,  XI.  51,  1  b.  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  actinophrys,  I.  515,  2  b. 

Kollin :  see  Kolin. 

Kolokol,  Russian  journal,  VIII.  702,  2  b. 

Kolomna,  town  of  Russia,  X.  39. 

Koloshes,  Indian  tribes,  X.  39. 

Kol'poda ,  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 

Kols,  a  people  of  India,  IX.  214,  2  be. 

K olv[x(irjdpa,  baptistery,  II.  292,  1  a. 

Komandorski  islands ,  I.  274,  2  c. 

Komensky :  see  Comenius. 

Komisar'off,  Russian  peasant,  I.  284,  2  c. 

Komorn  :  see  Comorn. 

Kong,  mountain  range  of  Africa,  X.  40. 

Kongsbeeg,  town  of  Norway,  X.  40. 

Koniah :  see  Konieh. 

Konieh  [ko'-ne-eh],  Asia  Minor,  X.  40  (view). 

Konig ,  Friedrich , printing  pressof,  XIII. 853, 1  a. 

Koniggratz  [ko'-nig-graits],  town  of  Bohemia, 
X.  41.  Battle  of,  1  b:  see  Sadowa. 

Koniginhof  [ko'-ne-ghin-hofe],  town  of  Bohe¬ 
mia,  X.  41.  Manuscript  of  Koniginhof, 
1  be;  VIII.  441,  1  b. 

Konigs  lake ,  Bavaria,  II.  550,  1  c. 

Konigsberg  [ko'-niks-bairg],  city  of  Prussia, 
X.  41.  Cathedral,  2  b  (ill.).  University,  2  c. 

Konigshutte  [ko'-niks-hiit-teh],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  X.  42. 

Konigsmark,  Philip  Christopher,  count  of, 
Swedish  adventurer,  X.  42.  Maria  Aurora, 
1  c;  II.  116,  1  c.  Referred  to,  IY.  304,  2  b. 

Konigstein,  Saxony,  X.  42.  Fortress  of,  2  a. 

Koodaga ,  a  race  of  India,  IX.  215,  2  c. 

Koodoo'  :  see  Antelope,  I.  546,  2  a. 

Koolsatikara,  Shoshone  Indians,  XY.  6,  2  a. 

Koom :  see  Kum. 

Koomassie,  capital  of  Ashantee,  X.  42.  King  s 
palace,  2  c  (ill.,  43).  See  Gold  Coast,  YIII. 
88,  2  b. 

Koomiah ,  crocodile,  YII.  611,  1  a. 

Koonbees ,  a  people  of  India,  IX.  213,  2  b  ;  214, 

1  be. 


440 


KOOR 


KRASSO 


\ 


Kooe  :  see  Kuk. 

Koorbees :  see  Koonbees  (Index). 

Kooedistan  :  see  Kuedistan. 

Koorg :  see  Cooeg. 

Kooeile  Islands  :  see  Kueile  Islands. 

Koos ,  a  race  of  India,  IX.  220,  1  a. 

Koosso,  vegetable  drug,  X.  43. 

Kootenays,  Indian  tribe,  X.  43. 

Kooweskoowe :  see  Ross,  John. 

Ivo'piscn,  August,  German  poet  and  painter, 
X.  43. 

Kopitae,  Bartholomaus,  Slavic  philologist,  X. 
43. 

Kopp,  H.  [kup],  (Hermann,  born  1817,  colla¬ 
borator  of  Liebig  and  Wohler),  his  investi¬ 
gations  in  chemistry,  IV.  369,  1  b. 

Kopp,  Joseph  Eutych,  Swiss  historian,  X.  43. 
Koppa,  in  Greek  alphabet,  I.  349,  1  b. 
Koppaebeeg,  district  of  Sweden,  X.  44. 
Koppen,  Friedrich,  German  philosopher,  X.  44. 
Koppen,  Peter  von,  Russian  archaeologist,  X.  44. 
Kopp's  brown,  color,  XII.  134,  2  be. 

Ko'ean,  sacred  book  of  the  Mohammedans, 
X.  44.  See  Mohammedanism,  and  Tuekey, 
XVI.  57,  2  a. 

Koraquas ,  African  race,  IX.  9,  1  c. 

Koeat',  territory  of  Asia,  X.  46. 

Koedofan',  country  of  E.  Africa,  X.  46. 
Koresh  (Cyrus  the  Elder),  V.  620,  2  b. 

Koriaks ,  Siberian  tribe,  XV.  598,  2  a. 
Koridgwen  [ko-rid'-gwen],  goddess  oftheWeAh 
bards,  IV.  178,  1  b. 

Koenegal'le,  town  of  Ceylon,  X.  46. 

Koenee,  Karl  Theodor,  German  poet,  X.  46. 
Koeos  [ko'-rosh],  town  of  Hungary,  X.  47. 
Korrigan ,  elfish  beings,  IV.  178,  1  b,  2  a. 
Koetetz,  island  in  the  Dnieper,  X.  47. 
Koetum,  Johann  Friedrich  Christoph,  German 
historian,  X.  47. 

Koetum,  Karl  Arnold,  poet,  X.  47. 

Koevei  [kor-vi'],  village  of  Prussia,  X.  47. 

Abbey  of,  2  b.  Principality  of,  2  c. 
Koscius'ko,-  county,  X.  48. 

Kosciusko ,  county  seat,  II.  92,  2  a. 

Kosciusko,  Mount:  see  Austealia,  II.  129, 
1  c,  and  X.  49,  1  a. 

Kosciuszko,  Tadeusz  (Thaddeus),  [Pol.  kosh- 
choosh'-ko],  Polish  patriot,  X.  48. 
Kosegaeten,  Johann  Gottfried  Ludwig  [ko'- 
zSh-gar-ten],  German  orientalist,  X.  49. 
Kosel  [ko'-zel],  town  of  Prussia,  X.  49. 
Kos'lin,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  49. 

Koslov  :  see  Kozlov. 

Koso'vo ,  battles  of,  I.  446,  1  a,  2  c. 


Kosso :  see  Koosso. 

Kos'suth,  county,  X.  49. 

Kossuth,  Lajos  [kosh'-oot],  Hungarian  patriot, 
X.  49.  His  confinement  at  Kutaieh,  66, 1  a. 
Batthyanyi’s  opinion  of  him,  II.  393,  1  c. 
Koster :  see  Costee. 

Kos'teoma,  government  of  Russia,  X.  51.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  52, 1  a.  Interior  of  the  church  of 
the  Holy  Trinity  (ill.),  51. 

Koszta ,  Martin ,  case  of,  IX.  280,  2  c ;  I.  327, 
1  c. 

Kotah,  state  of  India,  X.  52.  Capital  city,  1  b. 
Kotar ,  a  people  of  India,  IX.  215,  2  a,  2  c; 
220,  1  a. 

Ko  Tha-byoo  [ko  t’ha-byoo'],  Karen  preacher, 
II.  765, 1  b. 

Kothen  [ko'-ten],  town  of  Germany,  X.  52. 
Koto ,  Japanese  stringed  instrument,  IX.  53, 
1  c. 

Kotschy,  Theodor  [kut'-che],  German  bota¬ 
nist,  X.  52. 

Kottbus  [kut'-boos],  town  of  Prussia,  X.  52. 
Kotzebue,  August  Friedrich  Ferdinand  von 
[kut'-seh-boo],  German  dramatist,  X.  52. 
Otto  von,  Russian  traveller,  53, 1  c.  Moritz 
von,  soldier,  2  ab.  Paul,  soldier,  2  be.  Alex¬ 
ander  von,  painter,  2  c. 

Kouli  Khan  :  see  Nadib  Shah. 

Ko'vae,  district  of  Hungary,  X.  53. 

Kov'no,  government  of  Russia,  X.  54.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  1  b. 

Koyunjik  [ko-yoon-jeek'J,  mound:  seeXiNEVEH, 

XII.  456,  2  b ;  457,  1  a,  c,  2  b.  Palace  of, 
II.  36, 1  b,  c ;  inscribed  tablets,  ib.  Entrance 
to  (ill.),  XII.  458. 

Kozlov',  town  of  Russia,  X.  54.  Another: 
see  Eupatoeia. 

Krait  [krite],  snake  of  India,  IX.  204,  1  c. 
Keajova  [kra-yo'-va] :  see  Keayova. 

Keaken  :  see  Octopus,  XII.  577,  2  b. 

Krakus  [kra'-koos],  Slavic  chief,  V.  453,  2  a ; 

XIII.  644,  1  b. 

Krai ,  royal  title  in  Servia,  XIV.  781,  2  be. 
Keanach,  Lucas :  see  Cbanach. 

Krapf  (Johann  Ludwig,  born  1810),  Protes¬ 
tant  missionary  in  Abyssinia,  I.  48,  2  ab. 
(Author  of  works  on  African  geography, 
languages,  &c.,  in  German  and  English.) 
Keasicki,  Ignacy  [kra-shits'-ke],  Polish  prel¬ 
ate,  X.  54. 

Keasinski,  Waleryan,  count  [kr£-shin'-ske], 
Polish  author,  X.  54.  Zygmunt  Napoleon, 
author,  2  c. 

Keass6  [krosh'-o],  county  of  Hungary,  X.  55. 


KRASZEWSKI 


KUPFERNICKEL 


441 


Kraszewski,  Jozef  Ignacy  [kr5-skev'-ske],  Po¬ 
lish  author,  X.  55. 

Kbaszna  [kros'-naw],  county  of  Hungary,  X. 
55.  Town,  2  ab. 

Kratzenstein  [krats'-en-stine],  his  theory  of 
fog  vesicles,  VII.  300,  1  c. 

Krause,  Karl  Christian  Friedrich  [krow'-zSh], 
German  philosopher,  X.  55. 

Krautii,  Charles  Porterfield  [krawth;  Ger. 
krowt],  American  Biblical  scholar,  X.  55. 

Krayova  [kra-yo'-va],  Roumania,  X.  56. 

Krementohug  [krem'-en-choog],  town  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  X.  56. 

Kremlin  :  see  Moscow. 

Kremnitz,  town  of  Hungary,  X.  56. 

Krems  [kremce],  town  of  Austria,  X.  56. 

Kremsier  [krem-zeer'J,  town  of  Moravia,  X.  56. 

Kreuznach  :  see  Creuznach. 

Krevins,  a  Finnish  race,  Y.  428,  2  a. 

Kriloff  :  see  Kryloff. 

Krishna,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  228, 1  c ;  II.  159, 
1  c.  Krishna-shepherd  worship,  IX.  229, 
1  b.  Temple  of,  at  Dwaraca,  YI.  335,  1  c ; 
at  Juggernaut,  IX.  706,  1  c  (ill.). 

Krishna,  river  :  see  Kistnah. 

Kronstadt,  Russia :  see  Cronstadt. 

t  ' 

Kronstadt  [krone'-stat],  Transylvania,  X.  56. 

Kroo,  negro  race,  X.  57 ;  398,  2  c.  Krooman,  ib . 

Kro'tosohin,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  57. 

Krozet  [kro-za],  (properly  Crozet),  islands, 
Indian  ocean,  X.  57. 

Kru  [kroo] :  see  Kroo. 

Krudener,  Juliane  de  Yietinghoff,  baroness 
[kru'-d8h-ner],  Russian  novelist  and  mystic, 
X.  57.  Referred  to,  I.  283,  1  a. 

Krug,  Wilhelm  Traugott  [kroog],  German  phi¬ 
losopher,  X.  58.  His  definition  of  philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  430,  1  a. 

Krummacher,  Friedrich  Adolf  [kroom'-ma- 
kher],  theologian,  X.  58.  Gottfried  Daniel, 
preacher,  2  ab.  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  preach¬ 
er  and  author,  2  b. 

Krupp,  Alfred  [kroop],  manufacturer,  X.  58. 
Krupp  gun,  I.  794,  1  c  (ill.).  v 

Krusenstern,  Adam  Johann  von  [kroo'-zen- 
stairn],  Russian  navigator,  X.  59. 

Kryloff,  Ivan  [kre-lof],  Russian  author,  X.  59. 

Kshatriyas  [kshat'-re-yas],  Hindoo  caste,  IX. 
206,  2  c;  225,  2  c;  230,  2  b. 

Ktaadn  [ktadn] :  see  Kataiidin. 

Kuanon,  Japanese  divinity,  IX.  539,  1  a. 

Kuban  [koo-ban'J,  Caucasian  territory,  X.  59. 

Kubbet-el- Islam  [koob'-bet-el-iz'-lam],  (Basso- 
rah),  II.  372,  1  b. 


Kubir  [koo-beer'j,  desert,  Persia,  IX.  823,  1  a. 

Kublai  Khan  [koo'-bli  kan],  conqueror  of 
China,  X.  59.  Patron  of  Lamaism,  115,  2  a. 
Referred  to,  XIII.  683,  2  be ;  684,  1  a. 

Kuchenmeister  [kii'-chen-mice-ter],  his  experi¬ 
ments  on  the  cause  of  tapeworm  in  man, 
YI.  665,  2  b. 

Kuenlun  [kwen-loon'],  mountain  range,  X.  60. 

Kuge  [koo'-ga],  class  of  Japanese  nobility,  IX. 
545,  1  ab,  547,  la;  XY.  793,  1  c. 

Kugler,  Franz  Theodor  [koo'-gler],  German 
author,  X.  60. 

Kugler ,  Protestant  missionary  in  Abyssinia, 
I.  48,  2  a. 

Kuhlmann,  Prof.  F.  [kool'-man],  on  the  action 
of  alkaline  silicates  upon  limestones  and 
chalk,  IY.  182,  1  ab. 

Kuhn,  Adalbert  [koon],  philologist,  X.  60. 

Kuhne,  Gustav  [ku'-nSh],  novelist,  X.  60. 

Kuhner,  Raphael,  philologist,  X.  61. 

Ku-Klux  bill ,  YIII.  160,  1  c. 

Ku-Klux  Klan,  secret  organization,  XII.497,2  a. 

Kukol'nik,  Nestor,  Russian  author,  X.  61. 

Kuli  Khan  [koo'-le  kan] :  see  Nadir  Shah. 

Kulja  [kool'-ja],  province  of  Russian  Turkis- 
tan,  X.  61.  Town,  1  b. 

Kulkun  [kool-koon'] :  see  Kuenlun. 

Kullmann ,  attempt  to  assassinate  Bismarck, 
X.  19,  1  c. 

Kulm  [koolm],  Bohemia,  battle  of,  X.  61. 

Kulm,  town  of  Prussia :  see  Culm. 

Kulu  [koo-loo'],  species  of  parrot,  VII.  110,  2  b. 

Kum  [koom],  town  of  Persia,  X.  61. 

Kumania  :  see  Cumania. 

Kumaon  [kum-a-on'],  district  of  India,  X.  61. 

Kumhaconum :  see  Combaconum. 

Kumbh  Mela  festival ,  allusion  to,  II.  604,  2  b. 

Kumiss  [koo'-mis],  liquor,  X.  62  ;  YI.  141,  2  b. 

Kumneh ,  Egyptian  fortress,  YI.  749,  1  c. 

Kunchanee ,  Hindoo  dancing  girl,  II.  405,  1  a. 

Kunersdorf  [koo'-nerce-dorf],  village  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  and  battle  of,  X.  62. 

Kung,  Prince,  Chinese  statesman,  X.  62. 

Kung-fu-tse  (Confucius),  Y.  238,  1  c. 

Kunigunde,  empress  [koo-ne-goon'-deh] :  see 
Cunegunda  (Index). 

Kunigunde,  princess,  YIII.  296,  2  a. 

Kunkur',  calcareous  nodule,  XIY.  352,  1  c. 
See  XII.  738,  2  a  (kankar). 

Kunth,  Karl  Sigismund  [koont],  botanist,  X.  62. 

Kuopio  [koo-o'-pe-o],  government  of  Finland, 
X.  62.  Town,  2  be. 

Kupfernickel  [koop'-fer-nik-el],  false  copper, 
XII.  431,  2  c ;  432,  1  b,  2  b. 


442 


KUPRILI 


LABORING 


Kuprili,  Mohammed ,  XI.  696,  1  c.  Ahmed,  2  a. 
Kur  [koor],  river  of  Russian  Georgia,  X.  62. 
Kurd- Cabool  pass,  Afghanistan,  I.  161,  2  c. 
Kurdistan  [koor-de-stan7],  region  of  Asia,  X. 
6?. 

Kurds:  see  Kurdistan,  and  IX.  347,  1  b; 
XIII.  318,  1  b. 

Kurile  Islands  [koo'-ril],  X.  64. 

Kuriles ,  tribe,  I.  215,  2  c.  Hairy  Kuriles,  216, 
1  a.  See  Kurile  Islands. 

Kur'pa :  see  Cuddapah. 

Kurrachee7,  town  of  India,  X.  64. 

Kursk  [koorsk],  government  of  Russia,  X.  64. 
Capital  city,  2  c. 

Kurshid  Pasha  [koor-sheed7  pa-ska/],  captor 
of  Ali  Pasha,  I.  311,  1  b,  c. 

Kurz,  Heinrich  [koorts],  German  author,  X. 
64. 

Kuskoquim  Riyer  [koos-ko-kim'] :  see  Alas¬ 
ka,  I.  240,  2  be. 

Kus-Jcus  [koos'-koos],  grass,  XVI.  336,  2  c. 
Kussnacht  [kus7-nakht],  Swiss  village,  X.  65. 
Another,  1  b. 

Kustendji  [kooe-ten'-je],  Turkey,  X.  65. 
Kus'trin,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  65. 

Kutaieh  [koo-ti'-eh],  Turkey,  X.  65  (view). 


Kutais  [koo-tice'],  government  of  Asiatic  Rus¬ 
sia,  X.  66.  Town,  1  ab. 

Kutaya  [koo-ta'-ya] :  see  Kutaieh. 

Kutch ,  of  gold  leaf,  VIII.  86,  2  b. 

Kuthim:  see  Samaritans. 

Kuttenberg  [koot'-ten-bairg],  town  of  Bo¬ 
hemia,  X.  66. 

Kutuzopf,  Mikhail  [koo-too'-zof],  prince  of 
Smolensk,  Russian  general,  X.  66.  Alluded 
to,  I.  282,  1  b,  2  ab. 

Kutz'ing,  Friedrich  Traugott,  German  natural¬ 
ist,  X.  66. 

Kutzner,  Johann  Gottlieb  [koots'-ner],  author, 
X.  66. 

Kutzo  -Wallachs,  nomads,  I.  55,  1  b. 

Kuvera ,  Brahman  divinity,  IX.  230,  2  ab. 

Kuyp,  Albert :  see  Cuyp. 

Kwajah  [kwa-ja7],  Mussulman  saint,  I.  225,  2  b. 

Kwangsi  [kwang-se7],  province  of  China,  X.  67. 

Kwangtung7,  province,  X.  67. 

Kweichow  [kwl-chow7],  province,  X.  67. 

Ivwickpak  River  :  see  Alaska,  I.  240,  2  b. 

Kyanizing ,  process  of  preserving  wood,  VI. 
278,  1  be ;  XIII.  824,  2  c. 

Kyloes,  cattle,  VIII.  600,  2  ab. 

Kyrilitza ,  form  of  writing,  VII.  834,  1  b. 


L 


L,  a  letter,  X.  67.  Sounds,  1  b.  Interchanges 
with  other  letters,  2  b.  As  a  numeral 
sign,  2  c ;  in  abbreviations,  ib.  ;  in  rubrica¬ 
tion,  ib. ;  on  old  French  coins,  ib. 

Laaland  [law7-lan],  Danish  island,  X.  67. 

Laar ,  Pieter  van  [lar] :  see  Bamboccio. 

Labadie,  Jean  de  [la-ba-de],  French  mystic, 
X.  68. 

Labadists ,  religious  sect :  see  Labadie. 

Laban'off  de  Ros'tov,  Alexander,  prince, 
Russian  author,  X.  68. 

Lab'arum,  Constantine’s  military  standard,  X. 
68,  1  c  (ill.). 

Labat,  Jean  Baptiste  [la-M],  French  mission¬ 
ary  and  historian,  X.  68. 

Lab'danum  :  see  Ladanum. 

Labeatis  [lab-e-a'-tis],  lake,  XIV.  725,  1  b. 

La  Bedolliere,  Lmile  Gigault  de  [la  ba-dul- 
yair],  French  author,  X.  68. 

LABEDOYkRE,  Charles  Angelique  Francois 
Huchet  de,  count  [la-buh-dwa-yair],  French 
soldier,  X.  68. 

Label ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 


La  belle  riviere  [la  bel  re-vyair] :  see  Ohio 
River,  XII.  603,  1  b. 

Labellum,  of  orchids,  XII.  671,  2  c. 

Labette  [la-bet7],  county,  X.  69. 

Labienus,  Titus  [lab-e-e'-nus],  Roman  general,* 
X.  69.  (Quintus,  his  son),  XIII.  135,  2  c,  ff. 

La  BiLLARDikRE,  Jacques  Julien  Houton  de 
[la  be-yar-dyair],  French  naturalist,  X.  69. 

Lablaciie,  Luigi  [la-blash],  Italian  singer,  X.  69. 

La  BLANcnkRE,  Pierre  Rene  Marie  Henri  Moul- 
lin  de  [blang-shair],  French  naturalist,  X.  69. 

Labor ,  in  childbirth :  see  Obstetrics,  XII.  568, 
.2  a ;  569,  2  b.  Premature,  569,  1  c.  Deli¬ 
rium  of,  XIV.  70,  1  a. 

Laborde,  Henri,  viscount  de  [la-bord],  French 
painter,  X.  70. 

Laborde,  Jean  Benjamin  de,  composer,  X.  70. 

Laborde,  Jean  Joseph,  marquis  de,  financier, 
X.  70.  Alexandre  Louis  Joseph,  count  de, 
archaeologist  and  politician,  1  c.  L6on  Em¬ 
manuel  Simon  Joseph,  count  de,  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  2  b. 

Laboring  creek ,  British  Honduras,  VIII.  792, 1  c. 


LABOUCHERE 


LACONIC 


443 


Labouciiere,  Henry  [la-boo-sliair'],  English 
statesman,  X.  70.  Ilenry  du  Pr6,  71,  1  b. 
LABoncnbRE,  Pierre  Antoine  [la-boo-shair], 
French  painter,  X.  71. 

La  BouiiRE,  Antoine  Xavier  Gabriel  de  Gazeau, 
count  de  [la  boo-air'],  painter,  X.  71. 
Laboulaye,  Edouard  Ren6  Lefebvre  [M-boo- 
la],  author,  X.  71.  Charles  Pierre  Lefebvre, 
industrialist,  2  b. 

Labourdonnais,  or  Labourdonnaie,  Bertrand 
Francois  Mah6  de  [ma-a  dhh  la-boor-dun- 
na],  naval  officer,  X.  71. 

Labrador  [lab-ra-dore'],  North  American  pen¬ 
insula,  X.  72.  Origin  of  the  name,  78,  2  b. 
Labrador  Tea,  shrub,  X.  73. 

Labradorian  group  of  rocks ,  VII.  695,  2  c. 
Lab'radorite  :  see  Feldspar. 

La'brax  (ichthyology),  II.  867,  2  c.  L.  lupus, 
ib.  (ill.).  L.  lineatus,  368, 1  ab  (ill.).  Other 
species,  1  c. 

Labrottste,  Pierre  Francois  Henri  [la-broost], 
French  architect,  X.  74.  (Died  1875.) 
La'brum ,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  383,  1  c. 

Labrus  (ichthyology),  XVI.  734,  1  a.  L.  macu- 
latus,  1  c  (ill.).  L.  variegatus,  ib. 

La  BruyJire,  Jean  de  [la  brti-e-yair],  French 
moralist,  X.  74. 

Labtjan',  island,  Malay  archipelago,  X.  74; 

III.  102,  2  a;  103,  1  a;  105,  1  be;  317,  1  b. 
Laburnum,  tree,  IX.  74  (ill.).  Adam’s,  75, 
1  ab.  Alpine  or  Scotch,  1  b. 

Labyrinth,  X.  75. 

Labyrinth  of  the  ear ,  VI.  351,  2  a. 
Labyrin'thodon,  fossil  animal,  X.  75  (ill.)  ; 

VII.  507,  2  a.  Footprints  of,  342,  1  a. 

Lao,  resinous  exudation,  X.  75.  Stick  lac, 

76,  1  ab,  2  a.  Shell  lac,  1  b,  c.  Lac  dye, 
1  c.  Lac  lake,  ib. 

La  Caille,  Nicolas  de  [la  kay'],  French  astrono¬ 
mer,  X.  76.  Polar  flattening  of  the  earth 
proved  by  him,  2  b. 

Lacandones  [la-kan-do'-nace],  Indians,  X.  76. 
Laccadive  Isles,  Indian  ocean,  X.  77. 

Lace,  X.  77.  History,  2  a.  Method  of  making, 
78,  1  ab.  Belgian  laces,  1  c ;  French,  2  c ; 
English,  79,  1  be.  Machine-made  lace,  2  a. 
Lace-bark  Tree,  X.  80. 

Lacedaemon  [las-e-de'-mon] :  see  Laconia,  and 
Sparta. 

Lacep£;de,  Bernard  Germain  Etienne  de  La 
Ville,  count  de  [hi-sa-paid],  French  natural¬ 
ist,  X.  80.  His  classification  of  birds,  XII. 
705,  1  b  ;  of  fishes,  IX.  160, 1  a;  of  reptiles, 

VIII.  692,  2  be. 


La  Cerda  [la  thair'-J/ja],  ancient  Spanish  fami¬ 
ly,  X.  81.  Princes  of,  1  b;  VII.  135,  2  c 
(infantes).  Carlos  de  (Charles  of  Spain), 
constable  of  France,  X.  81,  1  c. 

Lacerta  (zoology),  X.  551,  2  be.  L.  viridis, 
552,  1  ab  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Lace  tree ,  V.  683,  1  a.  See  Lace-bark  Tree. 
La  Chaise  d’Aix,  Francois  de  [la  shaiz  daix], 
confessor  of  Louis  XIV.,  X.  81. 

Lach'es,  in  law,  X.  81. 

Lachesis  [lak'-e-sis],  one  of  the  Fates,  XIII.  73, 
2  a. 

Lachine,  Canada  [la-sheen],  (on  Montreal  isl¬ 
and),  massacre  of,  referred  to,  VII.  577, 

1  b. 

Lachine  canal ,  III.  687,  2  a,  688,  1  a  (table) ; 
XI.  796,  1  a. 

Lachmann,  Karl  [lakh'-man],  German  philolo¬ 
gist,  X.  82. 

Lachner,  Franz,  musician  and  composer,  X. 

82.  Ignaz,  1  b.  Vincenz,  ib. 

Lachnosterna  querci'na  [lak-no-ster'-na],  (ento¬ 
mology),  VII.  528,2  b. 

Lachrymal  Christi  [lak'-re-me  kris'-te] :  see 
Italy,  Wines  of,  and  XVI.  330,  2  c. 
Lachryma  Jobi  (botany),  IX.  645,  1  a. 
Lachrymal  glands ,  XV.  604,  1  a.  Lachrymal 
puncta,  1  b,  2  a.  Lachrymal  sac,  1  b.  Lach¬ 
rymal  caruncle,  1  be. 

Lachrymatories:  see  Mourning,  XII.  13,  1  a. 
Lachute  [la-shute'],  county  seat,  I.  685,  1  c. 
Lacinium  Promontorium :  see  Cape  Nau. 
Lackawanna,  river  and  coal  basin  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  X.  82.  Coal  field,  2  a. 

Lackey ,  moth,  XI.  869,  1  ab. 

Lackland ,  surname  of  King  J ohn  of  England, 

IX.  648,  1  c. 

La  Clede  [la  klaid  or  kleed],  county,  X.  82. 
La  Clede ,  Pierre  Ligueste :  see  Saint  Louis, 
XIV.  546,  2  a ;  Chouteau,  IV.  522,  1  ab. 
Laclos,  Pierre  Ambroise  Frangois  Choderlos  de 
[la-klo],  French  writer  and  soldier,  X.  83. 
Lacombe,  Francis  [la-konsb],  author,  X.  83. 

Duel  with  Charles  Blanc,  1  c. 

Lacombe ,  priest:  see  Guyon,  VIII.  346,  1  be, 

2  a,  c. 

La'con ,  county  seat,  XI.  199,  1  a. 

La  Condamine  :  see  Condamine. 

Laco'nia,  territory  of  Greece,  X.  83.  No- 
marchy,  2  b. 

Laconia ,  Gorges’s  grant,  XVI.  151,  1  ab. 
Laconians:  see  Sparta,  XV.  231,  2  b. 
Lacon'ica :  see  Laconia. 

Laconic  speech ,  XV.  232,  1  ab. 


444 


LACONICUM 


LAFAYETTE 


Laconicum ,  in  a  Roman  bath,  II.  383,  2  b  (ill.), 
387,  1  b. 

Lacordaire,  Jean  Baptiste  Henri  [la-kor-dair], 
French  divine,  X.  83.  Jean  Theodore,  nat¬ 
uralist,  85,  1  b. 

Lacquer  [lak'-er],  a  varnish,  X.  84.  Japanese 
lacquer,  XV.  463,  2  b. 

Lao  qui  Parle  [lak  ke  pari],  county,  X.  85. 

Lacretelle,  Pierre  Louis  [la-kruh-t&l],  French 
jurist,  X.  85.  Jean  Charles  Dominique  de, 
historian,  2  b.  Henri  de,  author,  86,  1  ab. 

Lacroix,  Paul  [la-krwa],  novelist,  X.  86.  Apol- 
line  Biffe,  novelist,  1  c.  Jules,  poet,  2  a. 

Lacroix,  Paul  Joseph  Eugene,  architect,  X.  86. 

Lacroix,  Sylvestre  Francois,  mathematician, 
X.  86. 

La  Crosse,  county,  X.  86. 

La  Crosse,  city  of  Wisconsin,  X.  87. 

Lac  sulphuris ,  in  materia  medica,  XV.  458, 1  b. 

Lactantius,  Firmianus  (Firmianus  L.  or  L. 
Firmianus),  a  father  of  the  Latin  church, 
X.  87;  199,  2  ab. 

Lac'tates ,  in  chemistry,  X.  88,  1  be.  Lactate 
of  iron,  1  be.  Lactate  of  lime,  how  formed, 
VII.  143,  2  c. 

Lactation,  insanity  of,  XIV.  69,  2  c. 

Lacteals :  see  Chyle,  IV.  570,  1  c. 

Lacteal  vessels,  first  observed,  I.  805, 1  c ;  XIII. 
222,  2  c. 

Lactic  Acid,  X.  87.  Its  influence  on  the  coagu¬ 
lation  of  milk,  IV.  348,  2  c. 

Lactic  anhydride,  X.  88,  1  ab. 

Lactic  fermentation,  VII.  143,  2b;  X.  87,  2  c. 

Lactide  [lak'-tid],  X.  88,  1  a. 

Lactine  [lftk'-tin] :  see  Milk,  Sugar  of. 

Lactometer  :  see  Galactometer  ;  also  IX. 
125,  1  be,  and  XI.  543,  1  a. 

Lactophrys  (ichthyology),  XVI.  16,  2  b.  L. 
Yalei,  ib . 

Lactoscope :  see  Milk,  XI.  543,  1  a. 

Lactose,  sugar  of  milk,  IV.  348, 2  c ;  XV.  441, 2  c. 

Lactu'ca  sati'va  (botany),  X.  374,  2  a.  L.  sca- 
riola,  ib. 

Lactucarium,  lettuce  opium,  X.  375,  1  b. 

Lacu'nce,  bone  corpuscles,  III.  59,  2  a  (ill.). 

Lacus  Brigantinus ,  V.  268,  1  a. 

Lacustrians  :  see  Lake  Dwellings. 

La  Cygne  [la  seen],  county  seat,  X.  508,  2  b. 

Ladak,  town:  see  Leh,  X.  321,  2  ab. 

Ladakh  [la-dak'],  state  of  central  Asia,  X.  88. 

Lad'anum,  resinous  exudation,  X.  88. 

Ladd,  William,  American  philanthropist,  X.  88. 

Ladies ’  eardrop,  plant,  VII.  513,  2  a. 

u  Ladies ’  peace  ”  (la  paix  des  dames),  negotiated 


between  Francis  I.  and  Charles  V.,  III.  641, 
1  c;  VII.  382,  lb;  XI.  157,  2  a. 

Ladies  of  the  Sacred  Heart :  see  Sacred  Heart. 

Ladies ’  slipper,  mollusk,  X.  486,  2  be. 

Ladino  [la-de'-no],  half-breed,  X.  89 ;  XII. 
424,  1  b. 

Lading ,  bill  of:  see  Bill  of  Lading. 

Lad'islas,  Saint:  see  Hungary,  IX.  56,  1  a. 

Ladislas  II.,  king  of  Poland,  X.  89.  -Ladislas 
III.,  king  of  Poland  and  Hungary,  1  c :  see 
Amurath,  I.  446,  2  b. 

Ladmirault,  Louis  Ren6  Paul  de  [la-me-ro], 
French  soldier,  X.  89. 

Ladoga  [la'-do-ga],  lake  of  Russia,  X.  89. 

Ladrone'  Islands  [Sp.  la-^Aro'-na],  X.  89. 
Origin  of  the  name,  90,  1  a;  841,  1  c. 

Lady,  X.  90.  “  Our  Lady,”  1  c.  Lady  day,  ib. 

“Lady,”  the,  in  a  lobster,  X.  561,  1  c;  562, 1  b. 

Lady-Bird,  beetle,  X.  90  (ill.) ;  II.  478,  1  a. 

Lady-bug :  see  Lady-Bird. 

Lady  day,  X.  90,  1  c. 

Lady  Huntingdon  Connection :  see  Methodism, 
XI.  453,  2  b. 

Lady’s  Slipper,  plant,  X.  90  (ills.,  91).  See 
Balsam,  II.  248,  1  b. 

Lady's  thumb ,  plant,  XIII.  688,  2  c. 

Laeken  [la'-ken],  suburb  of  Brussels,  X.  91. 

Lce'laps,  fossil  animal,  referred  to,  VII.  342, 1  c. 

L^elius,  Caius,  Roman  general,  X.  91.  Caius 
Sapiens,  statesman,  2  c. 

Laemlein,  Alexandre  [lang-lang],  French  painter, 
X.  92. 

Laennec,  Ren6  Theodore  Hyacinthe  [la-nek], 
physician,  X.  92. 

Laensbergh,  Matthieu:  see  Almanac,  I.  342, 1  c. 

Laer,  Pieter  van  [lar] :  see  Bamboccio. 

Lcesce  majestatis  (crimen),  treason,  XV.  850, 1  a. 

Lcevolusan :  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  2  a. 

Lcevotartaric  acid ,  XV.  574,  2  c,  575,  2  a. 

Lcevulose:  see  Sugar,  XV.  440,  2  c.  Anhy¬ 
dride  of,  441,  2  a. 

Lafaist  [la-fa] :  see  Lafaye. 

Lafarge,  Marie  Cappelle  [la-farzh],  supposed 
poisoner,  X.  92. 

La  Farina,  Giuseppe  [la  fa-re'-na],  Italian  au¬ 
thor,  X.  92. 

Lafaye,  Prosper  [la-fa],  French  painter,  X.  92. 

Lafayette  [la-fa-yet'],  six  counties,  X.  93. 

Lafayette,  city  of  Indiana,  X.  93.  Purdue 
university,  94,  1  a  (ill.). 

Lafayette ,  county  seats,  IV.  238,  2  a;  IX.  587, 
1  a;  X.  803,  2  a;  XVI.  428,  2  b;  769,  2  c. 

Lafayette,  Marie  Jean  Paul  Roch  Yves  Gil¬ 
bert  Motier,  marquis  de,  X.  94.  His  arrival 


LAFAYETTE 


LAKE 


445 


in  America,  95,  1  b.  Major  general  in  the 
U.  S.  army,  1  c.  At  the  battle  of  Brandy¬ 
wine,  2  ab ;  of  Monmouth,  96,  1  b.  Visit  to 
France,  2  a.  Aid  procured  by  him,  2  be. 
Virginia  campaign,  97,  1  a.  French  revolu¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Commander  of  the  national 
guards,  2c;  of  an  army,  98,  1  b.  Imprison¬ 
ment  at  Olmtltz,  1  c :  see  Bollmann.  Oppo¬ 
sition  to  Napoleon,  99,  1  a.  Final  visit  to 
America,  2  a.  Revolution  of  1830,  2  be. 

Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa.,  X.  100. 

La  FfeuE  [la  fair],  town  of  France,  X.  100. 

Laffitte,  Jacques  [la-feet],  French  banker,  X. 

100. 

La  Fiero  di  Sant1  Alessandro,  edifice,  II.  555, 1  c. 

Lafitaij,  Joseph  Francois  [la-fe-to],  French 
missionary,  X.  101. 

Lafitte,  Jean,  corsair,  privateer,  or  smuggler, 
X.  101. 

La  Fl^che  [la  flaish],  town  of  France,  X.  102. 

Lafont  [la-fong],  Pierre  Ch6ri,  French  actor, 
X.  102. 

La  Fontaine,  Jean  de  [la  foDg-tain],  fabulist,  X. 
102.  Origin  of  some  of  his  fables,  II.  627,  2  a. 

La  Foege,  Anatole  de  [la  forzh],  author,  X.  103. 

La  Foueche  [la  foorsh],  parish  of  Louisiana, 
X.  103. 

La  Fuente,  Modesto  [la  fwain'-ta],  Spanish 
historian,  X.  103. 

La  Fuente  y  Alcantaea,  Miguel  [e  al-kan'- 
ta-ra],  historian,  X.  103. 

Lagenaria  (botany),  VIII.  131,  1  ab.  L.  vul¬ 
garis,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lager  Her  [la'-gher  beer],  II.  469,  2  b ;  III. 
262,  1  c. 

Lagerstrcemia  Indica  (botany),  XII.  11 3, 1  a  (ill.). 

Lagetta  (botany),  X.  80,  1  c.  L.  lintearia,  ib. 

Lagidium :  see  Lagotis. 

La  Giralda ,  III.  661,  2  b.  See  Seville. 

Lagny ,  Othon  de  [duh  la-nye],  (Pope  Urban 
II.),  XVI.  221,  1  b. 

Lago,  extradition  case  of,  VII.  42,  1  c. 

Lago  di  Gastello :  see  Albano,  I.  245,  1  c. 

Lago  Maggioee  [la'-go  mad-jo'-ra],  lake,  X.  103. 

Lag'omys  :  see  Pika,  XIII.  509,  1  b,  L.  prin- 
ceps,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lago'na,  plant,  VII.  110,  2  a. 

Lago'pus  (ornithology),  XIV.  60,  1  c.  L.  al- 
bus,  2  b  (ill.).  L.  mutus,  61r  1  be  (ill.). 

Lagos  [la'-goce],  town  of  Portugal,  X.  104. 

Lagos,  Africa,  X.  104. 

Lagos'tomus,  genus  of  mammals,  X.  104.  L. 
trichodactylus,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Lag'othrix  (zoology),  IX.  751,  1  b. 


Lago'tis,  genus  of  animals,  X.  104.  L.  Cu- 
vieri,  105,  1  a  (ill.).  L.  pallipes,  ib. 

La  Grande,  county  seat,  XVI.  113,  1  a. 

La  Geange  [la  grainj],  county,  X.  105. 

La  Grange,  county  seats*  VII.  101,  2  a;  X. 

105,  2  a ;  XII.  613,  1  a. 

Lageange,  Joseph  Louis,  count  de  [la  graDgzh], 
French  geometrician,  X.  105. 

La  Geanja  [la  gran'-kha],  town  of  Spain,  X. 

106.  Revolution  of,  1  b:  see  XI.  159,  1  c. 
La  grippe  [1&  greep],  influenza,  III.  312,  1  be. 
La  Guayea,  or  Laguaira  [la  gwl'-ra],  seaport  of 

Venezuela,  X.  106. 

La  Hacha  [la  a'-cha],  order  of,  XV.  814,  1  b. 
La  Haie  Sainte  [la  a  saogt] :  see  Wateeloo, 
XVI.  506,  1  a,  ff. 

La  Haepe,  Frederic  C6sar  [la  arp],  Swiss  states- 

✓ 

man,  X.  106. 

La  Haepe,  Jean  Francois  de,  French  critic, 
X.  107. 

La  Hogue,  battle  of  [la  oag] :  see  Cape  la 
Hague.  Referred  to,  IX.  578,  2  c;  XV. 
825,  2  ab.  Fort  of,  III.  749,  1  b. 

La  Hontan,  Armand  Louis  de  Delondarce  de 
[la  ong-tang],  French  traveller,  X.  107. 
Lahoee',  capital  of  the  Punjaub,  X.  107.  Tomb 
of  Runjeet  Singh  (ill.),  108. 

La  Hougue,  fort  of\\ a  oog],  III.  749,  1  b. 
Lahe,  town  of  Baden,  X.  108. 

Laibach  :  see  Laybach. 

Laine,  Jeanne  [la-na],  heroine,  II.  433,  1  b. 
Lainez  :  see  Laynez. 

Laing,  Alexander  Gordon,  British  traveller, 
X.  108. 

Laing,  Malcolm,  Scottish  historian,  X.  108. 

Samuel,  traveller  and  author,  2  c. 

Laikesse,  Gerard  de  [la-ress],  Flemish  painter, 
X.  109. 

Lais  [la'-is],  two  Greek  courtesans,  X.  109. 
La'ish,  city,  V.  658,  1  c  (Dan). 

Laithmas ,  festival,  X.  127,  1  ab. 

Lake,  pigment,  X.  109 ;  IV.  779,  2  a. 

Lake,  name  of  nine  counties,  X.  109. 

Lake,  Gerard,  viscount,  English  general,  X. 

110;  I.  191,  2  a;  II.  606,  2  a. 

Lake,  Henry  Atwell,  soldier,  X.  110. 

Lalce  Butler ,  county  seat,  III.  179,  2  b. 

Lahe  Charles  C.  H.,  county  seat,  III.  568,  2  a. 
Lahe  City ,  county  seats,  III.  583,  2  b;  V.  116, 
2  c. 

Lake  Dwellings,  X.  110  (ills.) ;  I.  643,  2  b. 
Lahe  George ,  county  seat,  XVI.  459,  2  b. 

Lahe  of  the  four  forest  cantons,  X.  704,  1  c. 
Lahe  Indians,  IX.  788,  1  a. 


446 


LAKEPORT 


LAMP 


Lakeport,  county  seat,  X.  110,  1  b. 

Lake  ridge ,  in  New  York,  XII.  357,  2  b ;  641, 1  a. 

Lake  shad:  see  White  Fish,  XVI.  605,  1  b. 

Lake  Superior  ship  canal ,  XI.  501,  1  a. 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  Canada,  X.  113. 

Lake  Village ,  county  seat,  IV.  421,  2  a. 

Lakshmi ,  Hindoo  divinity,  IX.  224,  2  be;  228, 
2  a;  230,  1  a. 

Lalande,  Joseph  Jdrome  le  Fran^ais  de  [la- 
langd],  French  astronomer,  X.  113.  His  con¬ 
cealment  of  Du  Pont  de  Nemours,  VI.  324, 1  b. 

Lalemant,  Charles  [lal-mang],  Jesuit  missionary 
to  Canada,  X.  113.  Jerdme,  missionary  and 
author,  2  c.  Gabriel,  missionary,  ib. 

Lallemand,  Claude  Francois  [lal-mang],  French 
physician,  X.  114. 

Lally,  Thomas  Arthur,  count,  French  soldier, 

X.  114. 

Lally-Tollendal,  Trophime  Gdrard,  marquis 
de,  politician,  X.  114.  His  efforts  for  the 
release  of  Lafayette :  see  Bollmann. 

Lalo  plant  (baobab),  II.  290,  1  b. 

Lama  :  see  Llama,  and  Alpaca. 

Lama  [la'-ma],  priest :  see  Lamaism,  and  Mon¬ 
golia,  XI.  747,  2  a. 

Lama'ic  temples ,  architecture  of,  X.  117,  2  a. 

La'maism,  religion  of  Thibet,  X.  115. 

La  Manche  [la  mangsh] :  see  English  Channel. 

Laman'tin  :  see  Manatee. 

Lamar',  county,  X.  117. 

Lamar ,  county  seat,  II.  352,  1  be. 

La  Marche  Limousine :  see  Marche,  La. 

Lamarck,  Jean  Baptiste  Pierre  Antoine  de 
Monet  de,  French  naturalist,  X.  118.  His 
theory  of  evolution,  VII.  10,  1  c.  Division 
of  the  invertebrata,  IX.  325,  1  c.  Classifi¬ 
cation  of  insects,  VI.  660,  2  ab  ;  of  mollusca, 

XI.  50,  1  c. 

Lamar'mora,  Alfonso  di,  Italian  general,  X. 
118.  (Died  1878.) 

Lamarque,  Maximilien,  count  [la  mark],  French 
general,  X.  119. 

Lamartine,  Alphonse  Marie  Louis  de  [la-mar- 
teen],  French  poet,  X.  119. 

Lamas' eries,  residences  of  the  lamas,  X.  116, 
2  c ;  XI.  747,  2  be. 

Lamb ,  fur  or  wool  of  the  Persian  black  or 
gray,  VII.  539,  2  b ;  of  the  black  Astrakhan 
or  Bokharan,  ib .,  and  XIV.  838,  1  c. 

Lamb,  Lady  Caroline :  see  Melbourne,  XI. 
369,  1  c. 

Lamb,  Charles,  English  author,  X.  120.  Mary 
Anne,  authoress,  122,  1  b. 

Lamb ,  William :  see  Melbourne,  viscount. 


Larnba ,  Madagascan  mantle,  X.  812,  1  c. 

Lambce'sa,  ancient  town :  see  Lambessa. 

Lamballe,  Marie  Th6rese  Louise  de  Savoie- 
Carignan,  princess  of  [lang-bal],  X.  122. 

Lam'bert,  Daniel,  English  giant,  X.  122. 

Lambert,  Johann  Heinrich,  German  philoso¬ 
pher,  X.  122. 

Lambert,  John,  English  general,  X.  123. 

Lambertini ,  Prospero  Lorenzo  [lam-bair-te'-ne], 
(Pope  Benedict  XIV.),  II.  518,  2  b. 

Lambese  [lang-baiz] :  see  Lambessa. 

Lambe’se ,  ancient  town  :  see  Lambessa. 

Lambessa,  penal  colony  in  Algeria,  X.  123. 
Ruins  of  ancient  Lambese  or  Lambsesa,  2  c. 

Lambeth,  suburb  of  London,  X.  124.  Lam¬ 
beth  palace,  1  a  (ill.). 

Lamb-kill ,  shrub,  IX.  737,  2  b. 

Lambrequin  [lam'-bre-kin],  in  heraldry,  VIII. 
674,  1  b. 

Lambruschini,  Luigi  [lam-broos-ke'-ne],  Italian 
prelate,  X.  124. 

Lamb' s' -quarters,  plant,  XIII.  509,  1  a. 

Lambton,  county,  X.  124. 

Lame  duck ,  on  the  stock  exchange,  XV.  388,  2  b. 

Lamego  [la-ma'-go],  town  of  Portugal,  X.  124. 

Lamellce  of  bone,  III.  59,  1  b,  c. 

Lamellibranchiates,  acephalous  mollusks,  X. 
124;  V.  198,  2  c;  XI.  721,  2  a. 

Lamennais,  Hugues  Fdlicite  Robert  de  [la- 
ma-na],  French  author,  X.  124.  See  Philos¬ 
ophy,  XIII.  444,  2  ab. 

La  Mettrie,  Julien  Offray  de  [la  ma-tre],  phy¬ 
sician  and  philosopher,  X.  126;  XI.  812, 
2  b  ;  XIII.  441,  2  ab. 

Laminaria  (botany),  I.  299,  1  c.  L.  sacchari- 
na,  ib.  L.  digitata,  ib.,  and  VII.  515,  2  b. 

Lam’ina  spira'lis ,  of  the  ear,  XV.  185,  1  be. 

Lammas  Day,  X.  126. 

Lammergeyer  [lam-mer-ghi'-er],  bird  of  prey, 
X.  127  (ilk). 

Lamna  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  2  a.  L.  punc^ 
tata,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Lam'nidce  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  2  a. 

Lamoille  [la-moil'],  county,  X.  127. 

Lamoriciere,  Christophe  Louis  Leon  Juchault 
de  [la-muh-re-se-air],  French  general,  X.  127. 

La  Motte,  mineralogist,  referred  to,  X.  253, 
2  ab.  Mine  La  Motte,  2  be,  c. 

La  Motte-Fouque  :  see  FouQufc. 

Lamotte- Valois,  Jeanne  de  Luz  de  St.  Remy, 
countess  de  [la-miit-va-lw&],  X.  128.  Affair 
of  the  “diamond  necklace,”  ib. 

Lamoure  [la-moor'],  county,  X.  128. 

Lamp,  X.  128.  Astral  lamp,  129,  1  c ;  Benk- 


LAMPADE8 


LANE 


447 


ler’s,  2  be ;  Parker’s  hot-oil  or  economic 
lamp,  129,  2  b ;  Carcel,  2  a ;  fountain,  456, 
1  c  (ills.,  456,  457).  Safety  lamps,  130,  2  b; 
Clanny’s  and  Stephenson’s,  2  c;  Davy’s,  131, 

1  a  (ill.) ;  Mackworth’s,  1  be  (ill.).  Solar  lamp, 
129,  2  c;  student,  130,  2  a;  vapor,  1  b. 
Worms  lamp,  129,  1  be.  Lamps  for  light¬ 
houses,  454,  2  b,  ff. :  see  Fresnel,  VII. 
486,  1  c,  ff. 

Lampades  [lam'-pa-deez],  lamp  shells,  III.  177, 

2  a. 

Lampadius  [lam-pa'-de-oos],  (Wilhelm  August, 
1772-1842,  professor  at  Freiberg),  discoverer 
of  carbon  disulphide,  III.  772,  2  be. 

Lampad' omancy :  see  Divination,  VI.  154, 1  a. 
Lampas'as,  county,  X.  131. 

Lampasas,  county  seat,  X.  131,  2  b. 
Lampblack,  X.  131.  Lampblack  apparatus, 
132,  1  a  (ill.,  131).  See  Cakbon,  III.  770, 

1  a.  Reason  of  its  blackness,  VI.  83,  2  b. 
Lampern,  fish,  X.  132,  2  be. 

Lamp  festival,  in  Thibet,  referred  to,  X.  117, 1  c. 
Lamprey,  fish,  X.  132  (ill.).  Lamprey  eel,  2  ab. 
Lamp'sacus,  ancient  city  of  Mysia,  X.  133. 
Lamp  Shell:  see  Brachiopoda. 

Lam'pyris  (entomology),  VIII.  39,  2  ab ;  VII. 

213,  2  c.  L.  scintillaris  and  L.  corusca, 

214,  1  a.  L.  noctiluca,  VIII.  39,  2  c  (ills.). 
L.  splendidula,  40, 1  a  (ill.,  39).  Other  species. 

Lamuts  [la-moots'],  Mongolian  tribe,  XVI. 
30,  1  c. 

Ldn  [lain],  Swedish  for  province,  XII.  485,  2  b. 
Lana  coacta:  see  Felt,  VII.  118,  2  b. 

Lana  philosophica,  zinc  white,  XVI.  816,  2  ab. 
Lan'ark,  town  of  Scotland,  X.  133.  New 
Lanark,  2  b. 

Lanark,  county  of  Canada,  X.  133. 
Lanarkshire,  county  of  Scotland,  X.  133. 
Lancashire,  county  of  England,  X.  134. 
Lancashire  hearth,  in  smelting  furnaces,  IX. 

398,  2  b;  II.  743,  2  c. 

Lan'caster,  four  counties,  X.  134. 

Lancaster,  county  of  England :  see  Lancashire. 
Lancaster,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  135. 
Lancaster,  city  of  Ohio,  X.  135. 

Lancaster,  borough  of  England,  X.  136.  Cas¬ 
tle,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lancaster,  county  seats,  V.  311,  2  b ;  VII.  626, 

2  c;  VIII.  155,  2  a;  XIV.  688,  1  c. 
Lancaster,  House  of :  see  England,  VI. 

609-611. 

Lancaster,  Sir  James,  navigator,  X.  136. 
Lancaster,  Joseph,  English  educator,  X.  136. 
Author  of  monitorial  system,  II.  498,  1  c. 


Lancaster  C.  IT.,  county  seat,  X.  134,  2  c. 
Lancaster  Sound,  X.  136. 

Lancasterville ,  county  seat,  X.  135,  1  a. 

Lance,  weapon :  see  Arms,  I.  735,  1  a ;  VII. 
122,  1  a. 

Lance,  George,  English  painter,  X.  137. 
Lancelet,  lowest  vertebrate  animal,  X.  137(ilh). 
Lancelot,  Dom  Claude  [langs-lo],  French  gram¬ 
marian,  X.  137. 

Lance'lot  of  the  Lake,  mythical  British  hero, 
X.  138;  VIII.  135,  2  c. 

Lancewood,  X.  138. 

Lancisi,  Giovanni  Maria  [lan-che'-ze],  Italian 
physician,  X.  138. 

Land,  in  rifle  bore,  XIV.  327,  2  ab. 

Landau  [lan'-dow],  town  of  Bavaria,  X.  138. 
Land  bank:  see  Adams,  Samuel,  I.  107,  1  c. 
Land  crocodile,  XI.  749,  1  b. 

Landed  property ,  right  of  under  Roman  law,  I. 
192,  1  a;  200,  2  c. 

Landen,  John,  English  mathematician,  X.  138. 
Lander,  county,  X.  138. 

Lander,  Richard,  English  traveller,  X.  139. 
Landerneau  [lang-dair-no],  seaport  of  France, 
X.  139. 

Landes,  Les  [la  langd],  department  of  France, 
X.  139.  Allusion  to,  III.  486,  1  a. 
Landeshut  [lan'-dess-hoot] :  see  Landshut. 
Landis,  Charles  K.:  see  Vineland,  XVI.  360, 1  c. 
Landon,  Letitia  Elizabeth  (Maclean),  English 
poetess,  X.  139. 

Landor,  Walter  Savage,  author,  X.  140. 

Land  rail,  bird,  V.  455,  1  c. 

Lands,  public :  see  Public  lands  (Index). 
Landsberg  [lants'-bairg],  Prussia,  X.  140. 
Landscape  Architecture  :  see  Park. 
Landscape  Gardening  :  see  Park. 

Landscapes,  magic  or  chemical,  IX.  284,  1  c. 
Land'seer,  John,  English  engraver,  X.  140. 
Thomas,  engraver,  2  c.  Charles,  painter, 

141,  1  a.  Sir  Edwin,  painter,  1  ab. 

Land’s  End,  headland,  England,  X.  141  (ill.) ; 

V.  369,  1  c. 

Landsfeld,  Countess  von  [lants'-felt] :  see  Lola 
Montez. 

Landshut  [lants'-hoot],  Bavaria,  X.  141. 
Landshut,  Prussia,  X.  142. 

Landskrona  [lands'-kroo-na],  Sweden,  X.  142. 
Landulphus ,  reformer,  I.  699,  2  c. 

Land  van  Ter- Goes,  II.  600,  1  be  (Beveland). 
Lane,  county,  X.  142. 

Lane,  Edward  William,  English  orientalist,  X. 

142.  pied  1876.) 

Lane  university ,  Kansas,  X.  284,  2  b. 


448 


LAMFRAMC 


LAPIS 


Lanfrano,* archbishop  of  Canterbury,  X.  142 ; 

I.  279,  1  c.  On  the  eucharist,  X.  638,  2  b. 
Lanfranco,  Giovanni,  Italian  painter,  X.  142. 
Lanfrey,  Pierre  [laDg-fra],  French  historian,  X. 

143.  (Died  1877.) 

Lang,  Heinrich,  German  theologian,  X.  143. 
Lang,  Louis,  American  artist,  X.  143. 
Langbaine,  Gerard,  English  scholar,  X.  143. 
Gerard  (2d),  2  a. 

Langbein,  August  Friedrich  Ernst  [lang'-bine], 
German  author,  X.  143. 

Langdon,  John,  American  statesman,  X.  143. 
Lange,  Johann  Peter  [lang'-Sh],  German  theo¬ 
logian,  X.  144. 

Lange,  Ludwig,  archaeologist,  X.  144. 
Langeland  [lang'-eh-land],  Danish  island,  X. 

144. 

Langelancle  [lang'-land] :  see  Langlande. 
Langensalza  [lang'-en-zal-tsa],  Prussia,  X.  144. 
Langer,  Robert  von,  German  painter,  X.  144. 
Langey ,  Seigneur  de  [lang-zha] :  see  Bellay. 
Langhorne,  John,  English  poet,  X.  144. 
Langlande,  Robert,  supposed  author  of  the 
“  Vision  of  Piers  Ploughman,”  X.  144. 
Langl^s,  Louis  Mathieu  [lang-glace],  French  ori¬ 
entalist,  X.  145. 

Langley ,  Pro/!,  observations  on  the  sun,  XV. 

471,  2  c;  472,  2  a;  476,  1  be. 

Langlois,  Jean  Charles  [lang-glwa],  French 
painter,  X.  145. 

Langlois,  Victor,  orientalist,  X.  145. 
Langobardi :  see  Lombards  (Index). 

Langres  [langgr’],  town  of  France,  X.  145. 
Langtoft,  Peter,  English  chronicler,  X.  145. 
Langton,  Stephen,  prelate,  X.  145. 

Language,  X.  146.  Origin  of,  2  c.  Etymol¬ 
ogy,  148,  2  a.  Grammar,  149,  2  b.  Linguis¬ 
tic  groups,  table  of,  151,  2  b. 

Lan'guedoc  [Fr.  langg-duk],  province,  X.  152. 
Langue  d'oc,  Provencal  dialect,  XIV.  39,  1  a; 

VII.  402,  la;  IX.  569,  1  b ;  X.  152,  2  a. 
Langue  d'oil  [langg  dw&l],  Roman-Wallonic  di¬ 
alect,  VII.  402,  1  a;  X.  152,  2  ab ;  XII.  498, 
2  c;  XIV.  38,  2  be. 

Lanier  [la-neer'],  county  seat,  X.  803,  1  c. 
Lan'igan,  John,  Irish  clergyman,  X.  152. 
Lanius  borealis  (ornithology),  III.  486,  2  ab. 

L.  excubitor,  487,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lanjuinais,  Jean  Denis,  count  [lang-zhh-e-na], 
French  statesman,  X.  152. 

Lan'kester,  Edwin,  English  physician,  X.  153. 
(Died  1874.) 

Lanner  :  see  Falcon,  VII.  69,  1  a  (ill.). 
Lannes,  Jean  [lan],  duke  of  Montebello,  mar¬ 


shal  of  France,  X.  153.  Napoleon  Lannes 
de  Montebello,  statesman,  154,  1  a. 

La  noche  triste  [la  no'-cha  trees'-ta],  (Alvarado’s 
retreat),  I.  371,  2  be. 

La  Moue,  Francois  de  [la  noo],  French  soldier, 
X.  154. 

Lansac,  Francois  Emile  [lang-sak],  painter,  X. 
154. 

Lans'downk,  William  Petty,  first  marquis  of, 
British  statesman,  X.  1 54.  Henry  Petty-Fitz- 
maurice,  statesman,  155,  1  a.  Lord  Lans- 
downe’s  act,  so  styled,  I.  28,  2  c. 

Lansing,  capital  of  Michigan,  X.  155.  Mew 
state  house,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lansing ,  county  seat,  I.  323,  2  be. 

Lansingburgh,  village  of  Mew  York,  X.  156. 

Lantanum :  see  Lanthanum. 

Lantern ,  of  a  lighthouse,  X.  454,  1  c. 

Lantern  Fly  :  see  Firefly,  VII.  214, 1  c-2  a. 

Lan'thanum,  metal,  X.  156. 

Lanuvium,  ancient  city  of  Latium,  X.  156. 

Lanza,  Giovanni  [l&n'-tsa],  Italian  statesman, 
X.  156. 

Lanzarote  [l&n-sa-ro'-ta],  Canaries,  X.  156. 

Lanzi,  Luigi  [lan'-tse],  Italian  author,  X.  156. 

Laocoon  [la-ok'-o-on],  Trojan  hero,  X.  157. 
Group  of  sculpture,  2  a. 

Laodami'a,  mythical  Grecian  princess,  X.  157. 

Laodice'a,  name  of  six  Greek  cities  in  Asia, 
X.  157.  On  the  Lycus,  1  c.  On  the  Sea- 
coast,  2  c. 

Laom'edon:  see  Troy,  XVI.  10,  1  a. 

Laon  [lang],  city  of  France,  X.  158. 

Laos  [la'-oce],  country  of  Asia,  X.  158.  Lan¬ 
guage  of,  IX.  254,  1  a. 

Lao-tse  [low-tsa'] :  see  China,  IV.  454,  2  b. 

Lap,  wheel  in  lapidary’s  work,  X.  160,  2  a. 

La  Paz  [la  pass],  department  of  Bolivia,  X.  158. 
La  Paz  de  Ayacucho,  city,  159,  1  a. 

La  Paz,  capital  of  Lower  California,  X.  159. 

Lapeer',  county,  X.  159. 

Lapeer,  county  seat,  X.  159,  2  b. 

La  Perouse,  Jean  Francois  de  Galaup,  count 
de  [la  pa-rooz],  French  navigator,  X.  159. 

Lap'ham,  Increase  Allen,  American  physicist, 
X.  160.  (Died  1875.) 

Laph'ria  (entomology),  VI.  129,  2  c. 

Lapidary,  X.  160.  Lapidary’s  table,  2  a  (ill.). 

Lapilli  cancrorum:  see  Crab  Stones. 

La' pis  inferna'lis ,  nitrate  of  silver,  XII.  463, 1  b. 

Lapis  Laz'uli,  mineral,  X.  161. 

Lapis  lincurius ,  mineral,  VI.  500,  2  b. 

Lapis  ollaris,  soapstone,  XV.  555,  1  b. 

Lapis  Solaris ,  Bologna  stone,  II.  312,  2  c. 


LAPITIL/E 


LA  RUE 


449 


Lap'itii^e,  in  Greek  legend,  X.  161;  IV.  202, 

1  ab. 

Lapito,  Louis  Auguste  [la-pe-to],  French  paint¬ 
er,  X.  162. 

Lap-king ,  surname,  XV.  508,  2  b. 

Laplace,  Cyrille  Pierre  Theodore  [la-plas], 
French  navigator,  X.  162. 

Laplace,  Pierre  Simon,  marquis  de,  astrono¬ 
mer  and  mathematician,  X.  162.  His  dis¬ 
coveries  in  astronomy,  2  o.  Ilis  “Mecanique 
c61este,”  163,  1  a.  Theorems  respecting  the 
solar  system,  XIII.  571,  2  b.  Theory  of 
heat,  VIII.  568,  1  c. 

Lapland,  X.  164.  Coasts,  surface,  and  vege¬ 
tation,  1  a.  Lakes  and  watercourses,  1  b. 
Climate,  ib.  Inhabitants,  1  c.  Marriage, 

2  ab.  Religion,  2  b.  Former  heathen  de¬ 
ities,  ib.  Magicians,  2  c.  Language,  ib. 

La  Plata  [la  pla'-ta],  county,  X.  165. 

La  Plata,  country :  see  Argentine  Republic. 

La  Plata,  Rio  de :  see  Plata,  Rio  de  la. 

Laponneraye,  Albert  [la-pun-ra],  French  his¬ 
torian,  X.  165. 

La  Porte  [la  port],  county,  X.  165. 

La  Porte,  city  of  Indiana,  X.  165. 

Laporte,  county  seats,  X.  171,  1  c;  XV.  451, 
1  c;  XVI.  520,  1  c. 

Laportea  Canadensis  (botany),  XIV.  195,  2  b. 

Lappenberg,  Johann  Martin  [lap'-pen-bairg], 
German  historian,  X.  165. 

Lapps  :  see  Lapland. 

La  Praguerie  [la  prag-re],  rebellion  in  France, 
VI.  318,  2  ab ;  X.  653,  1  b. 

Laprairie,  county,  X.  165. 

Laprairie ,  county  seat,  X.  165,  2  c. 

Lap'saki:  see  Lampsacus,  X.  133,  2  ab. 

La  Pucelle  (Joan  of  Arc),  IX.  641,  2  a. 

Lapurdum ,  ancient  town,  II.  410,  1  a. 

Lapwing,  bird,  X.  165  (ill.,  166). 

Lar,  town  of  Persia,  X.  166. 

Larache  [la-rash] :  see  El-Araisii. 

Laramie,  county,  X.  166. 

Laramie,  city  of  Wyoming,  X.  166. 

Laramie  peak,  Rocky  mountains,  XIV.376, 2  ab. 

Laramie  plains,  XIV.  376,  2  ab. 

Laranda,  ancient  town,  III.  766,  1  ab,  b. 

Lararium ,  apartment  for  the  lares,  X.  171, 1  b. 

Larasii  [la-rash'] :  see  El-Araisii. 

Larceny,  in  law,  X.  166. 

Laecii,  tree,  X.  168.  American,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Eu¬ 
ropean,  169,  1  a  (ill.).  False  larch,  1  c. 

Larciier,  Pierre  Henri  [lar-sha],  French  scholar 
and  author,  X.  169. 

Lard,  X.  169.  Lard  oil,  170,  1  ab. 

29 


Lardaceine  [lar-da-se'-in],  amyloid  substance, 
XIV.  31,  1  c. 

Larder  el,  Count,  referred  to,  III.  96,  2  b. 

Lardnee,  Dionysius,  British  scientific  writer, 
X.  170. 

\ 

Lardnee,  Nathaniel,  English  divine,  X.  171. 

Laredo  [la-ra'-do],  county  seat,  XVI.  526,  1  a. 

Lares  [la'-reez],  inferior  Roman  divinities,  X. 
171;  VII.  63,  2  b.  L.  compitales,  V.  189, 
1  c.  See  Penates. 

Lar  familiaris :  see  Lares. 

Largo ,  in  music,  X.  712,  2  c. 

Lariat  (lasso),  X.  181,  2  b. 

Larimer,  county,  X.  171. 

Larissa,  town  of  European  Turkey,  X.  171. 

Laristan',  province  of  Persia,  X.  171. 

Larius  Lacus  (lake  of  Como),  V.  171,  1  a. 

La  Rive,  Charles  Gaspard  de  [dull  la  reev], 
Swiss  chemist,  X.  171.  Auguste  de,  2  c. 

Larix  (botany),  X.  168,  2  a.  L.  Americana,  ib. 
(ill.).  L.  Eurcpsca,  169,  1  a  (ill.). 

Lark,  bird,  X.  171.  Sky  or  field  lark,  172,  1  b 
(ill.).  Wood  lark,  2  a.  American  sky  or 
shore  lark,  2  b  (ill.). 

Larkspur  :  see  Delphinium.  Rocket  lark¬ 
spurs,  786,  1  a;  bee,  2  a. 

Lar'naka,  town  of  Cyprus,  X.  173. 

Ijarned ,  county  seat,  XIII.  197,  2  a. 

Larned,  Sylvester,  American  clergyman,  X.  173. 

Larnica :  see  Larnaka. 

L,a  rocca ,  castle  of  Este,  VI.  739,  1  c. 

Laroche ,  Sophie  [la-rush]:  see  Wieland,  XVI. 
616,  1  c,  2  a. 

La  Rochefoucauld,  Francois,  duke  de  [lariish- 
foo-ko],  French  author,  X.  173.  His  Max- 
imes ,  2  he;  XI.  812,  2  a. 

La  Rochefoucauld-Liancourt,  Francois  Alex¬ 
ander  Frederic,  duke  de  [-lyang-koor],  states¬ 
man  and  philanthropist,  X.  174. 

La  Rociiejaquelein,  Henri  du  Verger,  count 
de  [-zhak-lans],  royalist,  X.  174.  Louis  du 
Verger,  marquis  de,  royalist,  175,  2  a.  Henri 
Auguste  Georges,  statesman,  2  b.  Marie 
Louise  Victoire  de  Donnissan,  marchioness 
de,  2  he. 

La  Rochelle  :  see  Rochelle. 

La  Romana,  marquis  :  see  Romana. 

La  Roe,  abbey  of,  VII.  306,  1  b. 

Laromiguiere,  Pierre  [la-ruh-me-gyair],  French 
philosopher,  X.  175. 

Lakrey,  Dominique  Jean,  baron  [lar-ra],  sur¬ 
geon,  X.  176.  Felix  Hippolyte,  baron,  sur¬ 
geon,  2  a.  ♦ 

La  Rue,  county,  X.  176. 


450 


LARUS 


LATITUDE 


Larus  (ornithology),  VIII.  318,  2  b.  L.  canus, 
XI.  464,  1  b.  L.  glaucus,  VIII.  318,  2  c. 
L.  marinus,  ib.  (ill.).  L.  argentatus,  2  a  (ill.). 

Larva,  X.  176.  See  Caterpillar. 

Larva :  see  Lemures. 

Laryngi'tis ,  III.  310,  1  a.  Acute,  V.  517,  2  a. 
Diphtheritic,  2  c. 

Laryngismus  stridulus ,  V.  518,  2  be. 

Larynx  :  see  Voice,  and  X.  721,  1  b  (ill.). 

La  Salle  [la  sal],  two  counties,  X.  176. 

La  Salle,  city  of  Illinois,  X.  177. 

La  Salle,  Jean  Baptiste,  founder  of  the  Chris¬ 
tian  Brothers,  X.  177 ;  III.  255,  2  ab. 

La  Salle,  Robert  Cavelier,  sieur  de,  French 
explorer,  X.  177. 

Las  Animas,  county,  X.  178. 

Lasaulx,  Ernst  von  [la-so'J,  German  philolo¬ 
gist,  X.  178. 

Las'caris,  Andreas  Joannes,  Greek  philologist, 
X.  178.  Constantine,  grammarian,  179, 1  b. 

Las  Casas,  Bartolome  de  [las  ka'-sass],  apostle 
to  the  Indians,  X.  179.  Introduction  of 
negro  slavery  by,  179,  2  ab.  Comment  on 
Cortes’s  cruelty  to  his  Indian  miners,  V.  385, 
2  a.  His  opinion  of  Oviedo’s  history,  XII. 
748,  2  a. 

Las  Cases,  Emmanuel  Augustin  Dieudonn6, 
count  de  [las  kaz],  French  historian,  X.  180. 

Las  Cenizas  [las  sa-ne'-sass],  volcano  in  Gua¬ 
temala,  X.  180. 

Lasco ,  John  a :  see  Laski. 

Lasiocam' pada  (entomology),  XI.  868,  2  c. 

Lasker,  Eduard,  Prussian  statesman,  X.  180. 

Laski,  Jan,  Polish  divine,  X.  180;  XIV.  248,  2  c. 

Las  Palmas  :  see  Palmas. 

La  Spar  a  [la  spa'-ra] :  see  Aqua  Tofana,  I. 
608,  2  be. 

Las  Pilas  [las  pe'-lass],  volcano,  X.  180. 

Lassa,  capital  of  Thibet,  X.  180. 

Lassen,  county,  X.  181. 

Lassen,  Christian  [las'-sen],  German  philolo¬ 
gist,  X.  181.  His  attempts  to  decipher  the 
cuneiform  inscriptions,  V.  572,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Lassen's  peak  or  butte ,  III.  600, 1  a  ;  XIV.  379, 
1  ab. 

Lasso,  hunting  cord,  X.  181. 

Lasso,  Orlando  di,  Flemish  composer,  X.  181. 

Lasso  Cells  :  see  Actinia,  I.  75,  1  a. 

L’Assomption  [las-sump-se-oDg],  county,  X.  181. 

V Assomption,  county  seat,  X.  181,  2  c. 

Lassus ,  Orlandus :  see  Lasso,  Orlandi  di. 

Lasteyrie,  Ferdinand  Charles  de,  count  [las- 
ta-re],  French  arch  ge  ologist,  X.  182.  Count 
Charles  Philibert  de  Lasteyrie-Dusaillant, 


author,  1  a.  Facsimile  printing  invented  by 
him,  527,  2  b.  Adrien  Jules,  marquis,  poli¬ 
tician,  182,  1  a. 

Las  Vegas  [las  va'-gass],  county  seat,  XIV. 
609,  1  c. 

Latakia  [la-ta-ke'-a],  town  of  Syria,  X.  182. 

Lateral  operation ,  for  the  stone,  XV.  398,  2  b; 
399,  1  a. 

Lateran,  palace  and  church  in  Rome,  X.  182 
(ill.).  Palace,  2  a.  Church,  183,  1  c:  see 
Cathedral,  IV.  117, 2  a  (St.  John  of  Lateran). 

Lateran,  eleven  councils  of,  X.  183.  I.,  on 

investitures  against  simony,  2  b.  II.,  against 
heresy,  2  c.  III.,  on  papal  elections,  candi¬ 
dates  for  ecclesiastical  offices,  &c.,  184,  1  a. 
IV.,  on  the  eucharist,  heresy,  church  re¬ 
forms,  &c.,  1  b ;  638,  2  b ;  640,  2  a ;  XL 
730,  1  be.  V.,  against  certain  schismatic 
cardinals,  X.  184,  2  ab.  Other  Lateran 
councils,  2  c. 

Lateranus ,  Plautius ,  X.  182,  2  a. 

La'tham,  John,  English  ornithologist,  X.  185. 
His  classification  of  birds,  XII.  705,  1  a. 

Latham,  Robert  Gordon,  philologist,  X.  185. 
His  divisions  of  the  human  race,  VI.  754,  2  c. 

Lath'bury,  Thomas,  clergyman,  X.  185. 

Lathe ,  in  turning,  XVI.  73,  1  b  ;  in  weaving, 
XVI.  523,  2  a. 

Lathon  river ,  II.  526,  2  c. 

La'throp,  John  Hiram,  American  educator,  X. 
185. 

Latiirop,  Joseph,  clergyman,  X.  185. 

Lath’yrus  latifolius  (botany),  XIII.  203,  2  a. 
L.  maritimus,  2  ab.  L.  odoratus,  2  b. 

Latimer,  Hugh,  English  bishop  and  reformer, 
X.  185.  Referred  to,  XVI.  715,  1  ab. 

Latin  Language  and  Literature,  X.  186. 
Language,  1  b,  ff . ;  IX.  455,  1  c.  History 
of  the  Latin  alphabet,  X.  187,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  I. 
349,  1  c.  Pronunciation  of  Latin,  X.  187, 
2  c.  Grammar,  188,  2  c.  Mediaeval  study 
of,  189,  2  b;  VII.  763,  1  b,  2  c. — Literature, 
X.  192,  1  be.  First  period,  2  ab.  Second, 
193,  1  a;  Augustan  age,  195,  1  c.  Third, 
“  silver  Latinity,”  196, 1  b.  Fourth,  198,  2  b. 

Latin  architecture,  so  styled,  I.  661,  1  b. 

Lati'ni,  ancient  race,  IX.  439,  2  a. 

Latini,  Brunetto  [la-te'-ne],  Italian  scholar 
and  poet,  X.  201. 

Latinitas,  X.  187,  1  b. 

Latinus,  mythical  king,  X.  201.  See  AEneas. 

Latitude,  in  geography,  X.  201.  In  astrono¬ 
my,  202,  1  a.  Determination  of  by  the  sun, 
XII.  181,  2  b. 


LATITUDINARIANS 


LAUTUMLE 


451 


Latitudinarians,  in  theology,  X.  202. 

Latium,  division  of  ancient  Italy,  X.  202. 

Lato :  see  Esne. 

Latomice ,  quarries  used  as  prisons,  XV.  542,  2  a. 

Latona,  in  mythology,  X.  202  ;  I.  586,  1  c. 

Latop'olis :  see  Esne. 

La  Tour  [1A  toor],  French  proprietor  in  Acadia, 
II.  118,  2  a.  Madame  de,  ib. 

Latour,  Antoine  Tenant  de,  author,  X.  202. 

Latour ,  Count,  Austrian  secretary  of  war,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  II.  146,  2  a. 

Latour  d’ Auvergne,  Th6ophile  Halo  Corret 
de  [do-vairny’],  French  soldier,  X.  203. 

Latreille,  Pierre  Andr6  [la- tray’],  French 
naturalist,  X.  203.  His  classification  of 
arachnids,  I.  627,  1  ab,  b,  c ;  of  insects,  VI. 
660,  1  be ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693,  1  a. 

La  Trappe  [la  trap] :  see  Trappists. 

La  Trinitd  di  Cava  [la  tre-ne-ta'  de  ka'-va], 
monastery  of,  IV.  139,  1  b. 

Latrocinium ,  robber  synod,  VI.  791,  1  c. 

Latten :  see  Wire,  XVI.  676,  1  be. 

Latter  Day  Saints :  see  Mormons. 

Latter  Lammas ,  at,  proverb,  X.  127,  1  ab. 

Latude,  Henri  Masers  de  [la-tiid],  French 
prisoner  of  state,  X.  203. 

Lauban  [low'-ban],  town  of  Prussia,  X.  204. 

Laube,  Heinrich  [low'-beli],  author,  X.  204. 

Laud,  William,  English  prelate,  X.  204. 

Laudanum,  drug,  X.  205 ;  XII.  648,  2  a. 

Laudu'num :  see  Laon. 

Lauder,  Robert  Scott,  Scottish  artist.  X.  205. 

Lauder,  William,  literary  forger,  X.  205. 

Lauderdale,  three  counties,  X.  205. 

Laudon,  Gideon  Ernst,  baron  [low'-don],  Aus¬ 
trian  general,  X.  206. 

Laudonniere,  Rene  Goulain  de  [lo-duh-nyair] : 
see  Ribault,  Jean. 

Lauenburg  [low'-en-boorg],  German  duchy,  X. 
206. 

Laughing  gas :  see  Nitrous  Oxide. 

Laughing  jackass,  bird,  II.  130,  2  c. 

Laughing  philosopher  (Democritus),  IV.  793, 1  b. 

Laugier,  Auguste  Ernest  Paul  [lo-zhe-a],  French 
astronomer,  X.  207. 

Laugier,  Cesar  de  Bellecour,  count  de,  soldier 
and  author,  X.  207. 

Laugier,  Jean  Nicolas,  engraver,  X.  207. 

Lau'monite,  mineral,  X.  207. 

Launay,  Emmanuel  Louis  Henri  de  [duh  Io¬ 
na]  :  see  Antraigues. 

Launceston  [lans'-tun],  town  of  Tasmania,  X. 
208. 

La  Union  [la  oo-no-oan'],  San  Salvador,  X.  208. 


Launitz,  Nikolaus  Karl  Eduard  Schmidt  von 
der  [low'-nits],  German  sculptor,  X.  208. 
Robert  Eberhard,  American  sculptor,  1  b. 

Lau'ra  [It.  low'-ra] :  see  Petraroii,  XIII.  363, 
2  be.  Portrait  of:  see'MEMMi,  and  Gaddi. 

Laurel,  X.  208.  True  or  noble  laurel,  1  c 
(ill.).  Other  kinds,  209,  1  a.  Plants  so 
called,  1  b.  Mountain  laurel,  IX.  737, 1  b  (ill.). 

Laurel,  county,  X.  209. 

Laurel  hill,  mountain  ridge,  I.  590,  2  b. 

Laurel  magnolia ,  XI.  19,  1  ab  (ill.).  Great 
laurel  magnolia,  20,  1  be  (ill.). 

Laurel  water,  IV.  381,  1  c. 

Laurencia  pinnatifida  (botany),  I.  300,  1  a 
(ill.,  299). 

Laurens,  two  counties,  X.  209. 

Laurens,  Henry,  American  statesman,  X.  209. 
John,  soldier,  210,  1  b. 

Laurensville,  county  seat,  X.  209,  1  c. 

Laurent  [lo-rang],  (Auguste),  his  investigations 
on  chemical  compounds,  IV.  369,  1  c.  On 
organic  bodies,  II.  87,  2  c ;  88,  1  a. 

Laurent,  Francois,  French  historian,  X.  210. 

Laurenti  [low-ren'-te],  his  description  of  the 
character  of  reptiles,  VIII.  692,  2  b. 

Laurentian  library,  in  Florence,  XI.  132,  2  be, 
344,  2  a;  X.  349,  1  c;  VII.  276,  1  c. 

Laurentian  Mountains,  X.  210. 

Laurentian  system  (rocks,  or  series),  VII.  695, 
1  c ;  VIII.  153,  1  b ;  X.  210,  2  c.  Oldest 
known  fo^ils  found  in,  III.  641,  2  b. 

Laurentie,  Pierre  Sebastien  [lo-rang-se],  French 
historian,  X.  210.  (Died  1876.) 

Lauren'tum,  ancient  city  of  Latium,  X.  210. 

Lauresti'nus,  plant,  XVI.  339,  2  b  (ill.). 

Lauri'acum,  Roman  station,  VI.  657,  1  c. 

Lauriston,  Jacques  Alexandre  Bernard  Law, 
marquis  de  [lo-rees-tong],  French  soldier,  X. 
211.  Auguste  Jean  Alexandre  Law,  mar¬ 
quis  de,  2  c. 

Laurium,  promontory  of  Greece,  X.  211. 

Laurus  (botany),  X.  208, 1  c.  L.  nobilis,  2  a  (ill.). 
L.  Canariensis,  209,  1  a.  L.  camphora,  III. 
668,  2  a.  L.  cinnamomum,  IV.  600,  1  c. 

Lausanne  [lo-zan],  city  of  Switzerland,  X.  211 
(view,  212). 

Lausanne,  Henry  of:  see  Henry  tiie  Hermit. 

Lausiac  history,  biographical  collection,  XIII. 
15,  1  a. 

Laus  perennis,  established  by  St.  Columbanus, 
V.  115,  2  be. 

Laus  Pompe'ia,  ancient  town,  X.  573,  1  c. 

Lautumice,  quarries  used  as  prisons,  VI.  124, 
1  a ;  XV.  542,  2  a. 


452 


lauzun 


LAYARD 


Lauzun,  Antonin  Nompar  de  Caumont,  duke 
de  [lo-zung],  French  courtier,  X.  212. 

Lauzun ,  duke  de :  see  Biron,  II.  661,  1  c. 
Laya  :  see  Volcano,  XVI.  399,  1  be,  401,  1  b. 
Layaca  [la-va'-ka],  county  of  Texas,  X.  212. 

River  and  bay,  XV.  671,  1  b. 

Layal  [la-val],  town  of  France,  X.  213. 

Layal,  county  of  Canada,  X.  213. 

La  Valetta ,  seaport:  see  Valetta. 

La  Valette,  Antoine  Marie  Chamans,  count 
de  [la  va-let],  French  officer,  X.  213. 

La  Valette,  Jean  Parisot  de  :  see  Valette. 
La  Valliere,  Frangoise  Louise  de  La  Baume 
Le  Blanc,  duchess  de  [la  va-lyair],  mistress 
of  Louis  XIV.,  X.  213.  Louis  Cesar  de  La 
Valliere,  bibliophile,  2  c. 
Laval-Montmorency,  Frangois  Xavier  de 
[-mong-muh-rang-se],  bishop  of  Quebec,  X.  213. 
Layal  University  :  see  Quebec,  XIV.  142, 1  a. 
Lavan'dula  (botany),  X.  215,  2  a.  L.  vera, 
2  ab.  L.  spica,  2  c. 

Lav'ater,  Johann  Kasper  [Ger.  la-fa'-ter ;  Fr. 
la-va-tair],  Swiss  mystic  and  physiognomist, 

X.  214.  His  challenge  to  Mendelssohn,  2  b ; 

XI.  383,  1  ab. 

Lavaur  [la-vore],  town  of  France,  X.  215. 
Lav'ender,  plant,  X.  215  (ill.).  Oil  of,  2  c. 
Spirits  of,  ib.  Colored  compound  spirit  of, 
or  red  lavender,  XIV.  597,  2  a. 

Z’ Avenir  [lav-neer],  French  journal,  X.  84, 
1  ab  ;  125,  2  c. 

Laver ,  marine  plant,  VII.  248, 1  a;  XII.  774, 1  b. 

Green  laver,  1  a.  Referred  to,  I.  299,  1  c. 
LaverdiIire,  Charles  II.  [la-vair-dyair],  Cana¬ 
dian  historian,  X.  216. 

La  Villemarque:,  Theodore  Claude  Henri 
Hersart  de,  viscount  [la  veel-mar-ka],  French 
philologist,  X.  216. 

Lavinium,  ancient  city  of  Latium,  X.  216. 
Lavoisier,  Antoine  Laurent  [la-vwa-ze-a], 
French  chemist,  X.  216.  His  theory  of  ca¬ 
loric,  VIII.  567,2  be.  Ice  calorimeter,  VIII. 
574,  1  a  (ill.).  Use  of  the  chemical  balance, 
II.  85,  2  c.  Theory  of  chemical  combina¬ 
tion,  87,  2  a.  See  Chemistry,  IV.  363,  1  b. 
Law,  rule  of  action  or  of  human  conduct,  X. 

217.  Leibnitz’s  system  of,  322,  2  ab. 

Law,  Edward  :  see  Ellenborough. 

Law,  John,  financier,  X.  217.  Mississippi 
scheme,  2  ab  ;  II.  629,  2  be.  Referred  to, 
677,  2  c;  III.  157,  1  c. 

Law,  William,  English  mystic,  X.  218. 

Lawes,  Henry,  English  composer,  X.  218. 
Lawfi  sea  swallow,  II.  657,  1  c,  2  a. 


Law  Merchant  (law  of  merchants),  X.  218. 
Lawn,  piece  of  ornamental  grass,  X.  221. 

Law  of  Nations,  X.  222.  Foreign  relations 
of  Greece  and  Rome,  1  b.  Papal  authority 
in  the  middle  ages,  1  c.  Early  writers,  2  a. 
Grotius,  2  b.  Pufendorf,  &c.,  223,  1  a. 
Sources,  1  c.  Definition  of  a  state,  223, 2  ab. 
Rights  of  sovereign  states,  2  b.  Redress  of 
international  differences,  226,  2  ab.  Obli¬ 
gations  of  neutral  powers,  2  c.  Public  war, 
227,  1  b.  Conventions  between  belligerent 
states,  2  c.  Rights  of  neutrals,  228,  1  be. 
Treaty  of  peace,  2  c.  Arbitration,  229,  1  b. 
Private  international  law,  2  a. 

Lawrance,  John,  American  statesman,  X.  229. 
Lawrence,  name  of  ten  counties,  X.  229. 
Lawrence,  city  of  Massachusetts,  X.  231. 
City  hall  (ill.). 

Lawrence,  city  of  Kansas,  X.  232. 

Lawrence,  Amos,  American  merchant,  X.  232. 

Abbott,  merchant,  233,  1  b. 

Lawrence,  Sir  Henry  Montgomery,  British 
soldier,  X.  233.  John  Laird  Mair,  lord,  2  c. 
Lawrence,  James,  American  naval  officer,  X. 

234.  Contest  between  the  Hornet  and  Pea¬ 
cock,  1  b ;  between  the  Chesapeake  and 
Shannon,  1  c. 

Lawrence,  Saint,  X.  234. 

Lawrence,  Sir  Thomas,  English  painter,  X.  235. 
Lawrence,  Sir  William,  surgeon,  X.  235. 
Lawrence,  William  Beach,  American  jurist,  X. 

235. 

Lawrence  academy ,  Groton,  Mass.,  VIII.  269, 1  a. 
Lawrenceburg,  city  of  Indiana,  X.  236. 
Lawrenceburg ,  county  seat,  X.  230,  1  c. 
Lawrence  scientific  school ,  at  Harvard,  VIII. 

498,  2  b.  Itsfounder, 1. 176,  2b  ;  X.  233,  2  a. 
Lawrenceville ,  county  seats,  III.  361,  2  b ;  VIII. 

350,  1  a ;  X.  230,  2  c ;  XI.  760,  1  b  ;  786, 2  a. 
Lawson,  L.  M.,  American  physician,  X.  236. 
Lawson,  John,  surveyor  and  historian,  X.  236. 
Lawsonia  alba  (botany),  VIII.  637,  2  c.  L. 
inermis,  I.  322,  2  b. 

Lawyer,  X.  236.  Classes  of  lawyers  in  Eu¬ 
rope,  237,  1  a.  Rules  regarding  them  in  the 
United  States,  1  c.  Privileges  and  restric¬ 
tions,  2  be.  Ethics  of  the  legal  profession, 
238,  1  b.  Women  as  lawyers,  1  c. 

Lay ,  in  weaving,  XVI.  523,  2  a. 

Lay ,  in  mackerel  fishing,  X.  793,  1  c;  in  whale 
fishing,  XVI.  582,  1  be. 

Lay'ard,  Austen  Henry,  English  archaeologist 
and  statesman,  X.  238.  Explorations,  2  c. 
(Ambassador  to  Turkey,  1877.) 


LAYBACH 


LEANE 


453 


Laybacii  [U'-bakh],  town  of  Austria,  X.  239. 

Lay  brothers ,  in  religious  orders,  XIY.  267, 
1  c.  Lay  sisters,  ib. 

Lay  days ,  in  maritime  law,  VI.  6,  1  b ;  XIV. 
870,  1  be. 

Layering,  in  horticulture,  X.  239.  Propaga¬ 
tion  by  suckers,  240,  1  a  (ill.).  Tongue 
layering,  1  b  (ill.);  serpentine,  2  a;  “in  the 
air,”  ib. ;  mound,  2  be  (ill.). 

Lay  figure ,  inventor  of,  II.  352,  1  a. 

Laying  machine ,  for  rope,  XIV.  425,  1  ab ; 
Woodworth’s,  2  be. 

Laynez,  Diego  [li-naith'J,  second  general  of 
the  Jesuits,  X.  240. 

Lay-out ,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  a. 

Lay  preaching,  origin  of,  XI.  451,  1  c. 

Lazaretto ,  origin  of  name,  XIV.  127,  2  b. 

Lazarieh  [la-za-re'-eh],  (Bethany),  II.  593,  2  c. 

Laz'arists,  religious  order,  X.  241 ;  XI.  731, 
1  a.  Lazarist  missionaries  in  Abyssinia,  I. 
48,  2  a. 

Lazarus ,  Biblical,  tomb  of,  II.  593,  2  c.  Castle 
of  (church),  594,  1  a.  Patron  of  lepers,  X. 
362,  1  b.  Orders  of  St.  Lazarus,  ib. 

Lazarus ,  prince  of  Servia,  I.  446,  1  a. 

Lazarus,  Moritz  [la'-tsa-roos],  German  author, 
X.  242. 

Lazarus  islands  (Ladrones),  X.  90,  1  ab. 

Lazulite  :  see  Lapis  Lazuli. 

Lazzari,  Donato  [lat'-sa-re] :  see  Bramante 
d’Urbino. 

Lazzaroni  [lat-sa-ro'-ne],  X.  242 ;  XII.  139, 1  c. 

Le  :  see  Leh. 

Lea ,  a  measure  of  yarn,  X.  505,  1  b. 

Lea ,  Sir  Henry ,  royal  patent  to,  I.  334,  1  c. 

Lea,  Isaac,  American  naturalist,  X.  243. 
Thomas  Gibson,  botanist,  2  c.  Mathew 
Carey,  chemist,  244,  1  a.  Henry  Charles, 
author,  1  b. 

LcAcn,  William  Elford,  English  naturalist,  X. 
244.  His  classification  of  insects,  VI.  660,  2  c. 

Lead,  metal,  X.  244.  Chemistry  of,  245,  1  a. 
Sugar  of  lead,  246,  1  ab.  Lead  poisoning, 
1  be. — Ores  of  lead,  249,  2  ab.  Lead  de¬ 
posits  of  Great  Britain,  250,  2  a ;  of  Spain, 
251,  1  b;  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  2  b ;  of 
Missouri,  253,  2  a;  in  the  Atlantic  states, 
254,  1  be ;  in  North  Carolina,  255,  2  a. — 
Metallurgical  treatment,  256,  1  ab.  Smelting 
processes,  257,  2  ab.  Lead  furnaces,  259, 
1  a  (ills.,  258) ;  interception  of  lead  fume, 
1  c.  Purification  of  furnace  lead,  2  b  ;  po¬ 
ling  of,  2  c;  analyses  of  some  varieties  of, 
260.  Cupellation,  1  a;  Pattinson’s  process, 


261,  1  b;  “poor”  lead,  1  be;  Parkes’s, 
2  ab ;  Cordurie’s,  2  c. — Uses  and  manufac¬ 
tures  of  lead,  262,  1  be.  Sheet  or  milled 
lead,  1  c;  tea  lead,  ib.  Lead  pipe,  2  ab; 
corrosion  of,  249,  1  b ;'  tin-lined,  ib.  Lead 
shot,  262,  2  be. — Alloys  of,  263,  2  a. — Ar¬ 
gentiferous  lead :  see  Silver,  XV.  50,  1  b- 
2  c ;  “  rich  ”  lead,  2  c ;  pig  or  work  lead, 
2  a.  Black  lead :  see  Graphite. 

Lead  [leed],  in  billiards,  II.  642,  1  c.  String¬ 
ing  for  the  lead,  ib. 

Lead  anaesthesia ,  X.  247,  2  b. 

Leade ,  Jane ,  follower  of  Boehm,  II.  774,  1  c. 

leaded  matter ,  in  printing,  XIII.  848,  1  c. 

Lead  encephalopathy ,  disease,  X.  247,  2  b. 

Leaders'  meeting ,  Methodist,  XI.  452,  2  c. 
Leaders  and  stewards’  meeting,  456,  1  c. 

Lead-off,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  1  ab. 

Lead  paralysis,  or  palsy,  X.  247,  2  a. 

Lead  plaster,  VIII.  47,  2  ab. 

Leads,  in  printing,  XIII.  848,  1  c. 

Leaf,  of  plants,  X.  264.  Veins,  2  a  (ills.). 
Skeleton,  2  be.  Epidermis  and  stomata, 
265,  1  a  (ill.).  Transverse  section,  1  c  (ill.). 
Forms,  2  a  (ills.).  Size,  266,  2  b.  Duration, 
2  c.  Morphology  of  the  leaf,  267,  1  a.  Ar¬ 
rangement,  2  a.  Functions,  2  ab.  Decur¬ 
rent  leaf,  XV.  712,  2  c;  peltate,  XIII.  633, 1  c. 

Leaf,  cake  of  poppy  petals,  XII.  647,  2  c. 

Leaf,  cog  of  pinion  in  wheel,  IV.  699,  2  c ; 
XVI.  591,  2  a. 

Leaf,  in  weaving,  XVI.  523,  1  be. 

Leaf-cutting  bees,  II.  459,  1  b  (ill.). 

Leaf-green,  X.  265,  1  a. 

Leaf -rollers ,  caterpillars,  IV.  107,  2  c. 

League,  measure  of  length,  X.  267. 

League,  the,  of  Catholic  states  in  Germany 
(1609),  XIV.  463,  2  ab. 

League  of  Augsburg,  X.  658,  2  b. 

League  of  Cambrai,  X.  655,  1  ab. 

League  of  the  public  weal,  in  1465,  VI.  318, 
2  b  ;  X.  653,  2  a.  See  Charles  the  Bold, 
IV.  310,  1  ab. 

League  of  universal  brotherhood,  for  suppress¬ 
ing  war,  III.  477,  1  b. 

Leake,  county,  X.  267. 

Leake,  Sir  John,  English  admiral,  X.  268. 

Leake,  William  Martin,  author,  X.  268.  On 
the  topography  of  Athens,  II.  59,  1  a,  c. 

Leakesville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  228,  1  a. 

Leamington  [lem'-ing-tun],  England,  X.  268. 

Leamington- Priors :  see  Leamington. 

Leander:  see  Hero,  and  XIV.  785,  2  b. 

Leane,  Lough,  Ireland,  IX.  832,  2  a. 


454 


LEANING 


LEDOYEN 


Leaning  tower  of  Pisa ,  III.  661,  2  a;  XIII. 
541,  1  a  (ill.). 

Leaning  towers  of  Bologna,  III.  18,  1  a  (ill.). 
Lean-to ,  used  for  greenhouse,  VIII.  231,  1  c. 
Leap  Year  :  see  Calendar,  III.  579,  1  c. 
Lear,  Tobias,  American  diplomatist,  X.  268. 
Learchus  [le-ar'-kus],  Greek  sculptor,  X.  268. 
Lease,  in  law,  X.  268. 

Leather,  X.  270.  Among  ancient  and  rude 
nations,  2  a.  Hides  and  skins,  271,  1  a; 
sources  and  imports  of,  1  c.  Tanning  ma¬ 
terials,  272,  1  b.  Use  of  alum,  273,  1  b ;  I. 
366,  l  b.  Tanning,  X.  273,  1  be;  vats,  274, 
2  ab ;  sole  leather  roller,  275,  2  a.  Belting 
and  harness  leather,  ib. ;  upper,  2  be  ;  grain 
and  buff,  2  c  ;  japanned  or  patent,  276,  1  a; 
enamelled,  1  c ;  alligator,  2  b  ;  Russia,  277, 

1  a;  Hungarian,  I.  366,  1  b.  Leather  in¬ 
dustry  of  the  United  States,  X.  277,  1  b  ;  of 
Great  Britain,  278,  2  a;  of  Europe,  2  c. 

Leather  board ,  X.  275,  2  c. 

Leather  flower,  plant,  IV.  659,  2  b. 
Leatherwood ,  XVI.  615,  2  ab ;  II.  314,  1  b. 
Leathes,  Stanley  [leeths],  English  theologian, 
X.  279. 

EEau  Qui  Court  [lo  ke  koor],  former  county, 
X.  33,  1  ab. 

Leavenworth  [lev'-en-  worth],  county,  X.  279. 
Leavenworth,  city  of  Kansas,  X.  279. 
Leavenworth,  county  seat,  V.  465,  2  b. 
Leavitt,  Joshua  [lev'-it],  American  journalist, 
X.  279. 

Lebade'a :  see  Livadia. 

Le  Balafre  [luh  ba-la-fra],  name,  VIII.  315,  2  c. 
Lebanon,  county,  X.  280. 

Lebanon,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  280. 
Town  of  Tennessee,  2  ab.  Of  Kentucky, 

2  b.  Of  Ohio,  2  c.  Of  Illinois,  ib. 

Lebanon,  county  seats,  III.  82,  2b;  V.  765, 

2c;  X.  83,  1  a ;  XIV.  474,  2  b. 

Lebanon,  mountain  range  of  Syria,  X.  281. 
Lebanon  Springs  :  see  New  Lebanon. 

Lebas,  Jean  Baptiste  Apollinaire  [luh-ba], 
French  engineer,  X.  281. 

Le  Bas,  Louis  Ilippolyte,  architect,  X.  281. 

Le  Bas,  Philippe,  archaeologist,  X.  281. 
Lebert,  Hermann  [la'-bert],  German  physi¬ 
cian,  X.  281. 

Leblanc,  Urbain  [luli-blang],  French  veterinary 
surgeon,  X.  281. 

Lebceuf,  Edmond  puh-buf],  general,  X.  281. 
Le  Bon  [lull  bong],  alleged  inventor  of  gas 
lighting,  VII.  635,  2  a. 

Le  Brai,  lake  of  asphaltum,  II.  672,  2  ab. 


Le  Brun,  Charles  [luh  brung],  painter,  X.  282. 
Lebrun,  Charles  Francois,  duke  of  Piacenza, 
statesman,  X.  282. 

Lebrun,  Marie  Louise  Elisabeth,  painter,  X.  282. 
Lebrun,  Pierre  Antoine,  poet,  X.  282. 
Lebrun,  Ponce  Denis  Ecouchard,  poet,  X.  283. 
Lecanora  esculenta  (botany),  V.  559,  1  ab  (ill.)  ; 

X.  411,  1  a.  L.  tartarea,  1  be. 

Lecca  gum,  XII.  618,  1  b. 

Lecce  [let'-clia],  province  of  Italy,  X.  283. 

City,  1  b.  Lecce  oil,  1  c. 

Lech  [le°h],  river  of  Germany,  X.  283. 
Lechevalier,  Jean  Baptiste  [luh-shuh-va-lya], 
French  archaeologist,  X.  283. 

Lechfeld  [leTi'-felt],  battle  of,  X.  283,  2  a. 
Lecky,  William  Edward  Hartpole,  British 
author,  X.  283. 

Le  Clear,  Thomas,  American  painter,  X.  283. 
Le  Clerc,  Jean  [Fr.  lull  klair],  Protestant  theo¬ 
logian,  X.  284. 

Leclerc,  S6bastien,  engraver,  X.  284.  Laurent 
Josse,  professor  of  divinity  and  author,  1  c. 
Leclerc,  Victor  Emmanuel,  general,  X.  284 ; 

XV.  826,  1  c.  Referred  to,  III.  26,  1  a. 
Leclerc  du  Tremblay,  Frangois  [du  traDg-bla]  : 

see  Joseph,  Father. 

Lecompte,  Judge,  IX.  755,  1  be. 

Lecompton,  township  of  Kansas,  X.  284.  Lane 
university,  2  b. 

Lecompton  constitution,  IX.  755,  2  c. 

Le  Conte,  John  [le  kont],  American  naturalist, 
X.  284.  John  Lawrence,  naturalist,  2  c. 

Le  Conte,  John,  American  physicist,  X.  285. 

Joseph,  1  c.  Referred  to,  I.  176,  2  be. 
Lecoq,  Henri  [luh-kuk],  French  naturalist,  X. 
285. 

Lecouvreur,  Adrienne  [luh-koo-vruhr],  ac¬ 
tress,  X.  285. 

Le  Creuzot  [luh  kriih-zo],  France,  X.  286. 
Lectionary ,  in  the  Catholic  missal,  XI.  635,  2  c. 
Lectoure  [lek-toor],  town  of  France,  X.  286. 
Lecythis  ollaria  (botany),  III.  223,  2  c. 

Leda,  in  Greek  mythology,  X.  286. 

Leda  clay,  VI.  Ill,  2  c;  reason  of  the  name, 
112,  1  c. 

Leddan,  affluent  of  the  Jordan,  IX.  683,  1  c. 
Ledebour,  Karl  Friedrich  von  [fon  la'-dSli- 
boor],  German  traveller,  X.  286. 

Ledger,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  1  c. 

Ledger  blade ,  for  shearing  nap,  XVI.  719,  2  b. 
Le  Liable  [lull  de-ab’l],  sobriquet :  see  Cham- 

BURE, 

Ledoyen  [luh-dwa-yang],  disinfecting  fluid  of, 
XII.  464,  2  a. 


LEDRU-ROLLIN 


LEGATE 


455 


Ledru-Rollin,  Alexandre  Auguste  [ltih-drii- 
rul-lang],  French  politician,  X.  286.  (D.  1874.) 

Led'yard,  John,  American  traveller,  X.  288. 

Ledyard,  William,  soldier,  X.  289. 

Lee,  name  of  eight  counties,  X.  289. 

Lee,  town  of  Massachusetts,  X.  290. 

Lee,  name  of  a  Virginia  family,  X.  290.  Rich¬ 
ard,  cavalier,  1  be. — Richard  Henry,  states¬ 
man,  2  ab.  His  opposition  to  the  stamp  act, 
&c.,  291,  1  ab;  state  papers,  292,  1  a,  c; 
resolutions  in  favor  of  independence,  2  a; 
charges  against  him,  2  c ;  vindication,  293, 
1  b  ;  private  character,  2  b. — Francis  Light- 
foot,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Indepen¬ 
dence,  294,  1  a. — Arthur,  statesman,  2  a. 
His  relations  with  Sir  William  Jones,  2  c; 
with  Dr.  Franklin,  295,  1  b,  297,  1  a;  diplo¬ 
matic  career,  295,  2  a;  relations  with  John 
and  Samuel  Adams,  296,  2  c ;  personal 
character,  297,  2  c. 

Lee,  Alfred,  American  bishop,  X.  298. 

Lee,  Ann,  founder  of  the  Shakers,  X.  278.  See 
Shakers. 

Lee,  Charles,  major  general,  X.  298.  His  dis¬ 
covered  treason,  300,  2  c.  His  conduct  at 
the  battle  of  Monmouth,  301,  1  b;  96,  1  b. 
Hostility  to  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  294,  1  c. 

Lee,  Charles  Alfred,  physician,  X.  301. 

Lee,  Eliza  Buckminster,  authoress,  X.  302  ;  III. 
389,  2  b. 

Lee,  Ezra,  revolutionary  soldier,  X.  302. 

Lee,  Hannah  F.  (Sawyer),  authoress,  X.  302. 

Lee,  Henry,  revolutionary  officer,  X.  302. 

Lee,  Jesse,  preacher,  X.  304. 

Lee,  Leroy  Madison,  clergyman,  X.  305. 

Lee,  Luther,  clergyman,  X.  305. 

Lee,  Nathaniel,  English  dramatic  poet,  X.  305. 

Lee,  Mrs.  R.  Bowdich,  authoress,  X.  305. 

Lee,  Robert  Edward,  confederate  general,  X. 
306.  Seven  days’  battles,  307,  1  a.  Inva¬ 
sion  of  Maryland,  1  b.  Battle  of  Chancel- 
lorsville,  1  c;  of  Gettysburg,  ib.  Campaign 
of  1864-5,  307,  2  be.  Surrender,  308,  2  b. 
— G.  W.  Custis,  general,  309,  1  b  (president 
of  Washington  and  Lee  university,  1871). 
W.  H.  F.,  ib.  Robert  E.,  ib.  Fitzhugh,  ib. 

Lee,  Samuel,  English  scholar,  X.  309. 

Lee,  Sophia,  authoress,  X.  309.  Harriet,  au¬ 
thoress,  2  b. 

Lee,  William,  Irish  clergyman,  X.  309. 

Leech,  X.  310  (ill.).  Horse  leech,  311,  1  b. 

Leech,  John,  English  artist,  X.  311. 

Leeds,  county  of  Canada,  X.  311. 

Leeds ,  county  seat,  XI.  359,  1  b. 


Leeds,  borough  of  England,  X.  311.  Town 
hall  (ill.). 

Leek,  plant,  X.  312  (ill.). 

Lee'lanaw,  county,  X.  313. 

Leemans,  Conradus  [la'-m'anss],  Dutch  archae¬ 
ologist,  X.  313. 

Leer  [lair],  town  of  Prussia,  X.  313. 

Lees,  Frederick  Richard,  English  temperance 
orator,  X.  313. 

Leesburg ,  county  seats,  X.  649,  2  b ;  XV.  470, 

1  a. 

Lee'ser,  Isaac,  American  rabbi,  X.  313. 
Leesville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  321,  1  b. 

Leeu warden  [la'-war-den],  town  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  X.  313. 

Leeuwenhoek,  or  Leeuwenhoeck,  Antonius 
van  [la'- wen-hook],  Dutch  naturalist,  X.  313. 
His  microscopical  discoveries,  314,  1  a,  ab. 
His  influence  on  botanical  science,  III.  132, 

2  a.  See  Epizoa,  VI.  696,  1  c. 

Leeward  Islands,  West  Indies,  X.  314;  XVI. 

566,  2  a. 

Lefebvre,  Charlemagne  Theophile  [luh-faivr], 
French  traveller,  X.  314. 

Lefebvre ,  Constance  Caroline,  singer,  VII.  95,  2  b. 
Lefebvre,  Francois  Joseph,  duke  of  Dantzic, 
marshal,  X.  314. 

Lefebvre-Desnouettes,  Charles,  count  [-da- 
nwet],  genera],  X.  314. 

Lefevre,  Pierre  [lfth-faivr’],  first  associate  of 
Loyola,  X.  315. 

Lefkosha:  see  Nicosia. 

Le  Flo,  Adolphe  Emmanuel  Charles,  French 
soldier,  X.  315. 

Leflore,  county,  X.  315. 

Lefoet,  Frangois  [luh-for],  Russian  general, 
X.  315. 

Le  Fort ,  Robert ,  pseudonyme,  IV.  325,  1  c. 
Lefuel,  Hector  Martin  [luh-fii-81],  French 
architect,  X.  315. 

Legacy,  gift  of  property  by  will,  X.  315. 

“ Legal  Conference :  ”  see  “ Legal  Hundred  ” 
(Index). 

“ Legal  Hundred'1'1  (legal  conference),  of  the 
Wesleyan  church,  III.  440,  2  ab;  XVI.  558, 
1  be.  See  Methodism,  XT.  452,  1  c. 

Legal  tender ,  of  silver  coins,  V.  27,  1  b ;  XI. 
740,  1  a,  ff.  Of  paper  money,  XI.  741,  2  ab  ; 
742,  1  a,  c ;  743,  2  a,  flf. 

Legare,  Hugh  Sw inton  [leli-gree'],  American 
statesman,  X.  317.  Mary  Swinton  Bullen. 
artist,  318,  1  c.  Legare  college,  ib. 

Leg'ate,  ambassador  or  lieutenant,  X.  318, 
In  ancient  Rome,  1  c ;  of  the  pope,  2  a. 


456 


LEGATIONS 


LELEGES 


Legations ,  in  the  Papal  States,  X.  318,  2  b; 
XIII.  40,  2  c. 

Lega'tusd  lat'ere ,  X.  318,  1  a;  missus,  ib. ;  na- 
tus,  ib. 

Legend ,  on  coins  or  medals,  XII.  535,  2  b. 

Legendre,  Adrien  Marie  [luh-zhangdr’],  French 
mathematician,  X.  318. 

Leger  lines ,  in  music,  XII.  78,  1  a. 

Le’ges  frumenta' rice  (corn  laws),  XIII.  180,  1  c. 

Leggett,  William,  American  author,  X.  319. 

Leghorn,  province  of  Italy,  X.  319.  City,  2  a. 
Port  of  (ill.). 

Leghorn  plait :  see  Straw,  XY.  413,  1  be. 

Legio ,  ancient  town,  X.  353,  1  a. 

Legion ,  Roman ,  I.  742,  1  b;  743,  1  a. 

Legion  Harry  (Gen.  Henry  Lee),  X.  304,  2  b. 

Legnago  [la-nya'-go],  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
X.  320. 

Legnano,  town  of  Italy,  X.  320. 

Legouve,  Gabriel  Marie  Jean  Baptiste  [luh- 
goo-va],  French  poet,  X.  320.  Ernest  Wil¬ 
frid,  dramatist,  2  c. 

Legrand  du  Saulle,  Henri  [luh-grang  dii  sole], 
physician,  X.  321. 

Legris ,  Jacques  [luh-gre] :  see  Duel,  VI.  295,  2  c. 

Leguatia  gigantea  (ornithology),  XI.  292,  1  b. 

Legume ,  in  plants,  XIII.  590,  2  be. 

Leh  [la],  capital  of  Ladakh,  X.  321.  Rajah’s 
palace,  2  a  (ill.). 

Le'high,  river  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  321. 

LEniGH,  county,  X.  321. 

Lehigh  coal  region ,  1. 553,  2  b.  Lehigh  coal  mine 
company,  552,  2  b ;  coal  and  navigation  com¬ 
pany,  553,  1  c. 

Lehigh  university ,  IT.  596,  1  a. 

Lehmann,  Charles  Ernest  Rodolphe  Henri  [la/- 
man],  French  painter,  X.  322.  Rodolphe, 
painter,  1  a. 

Leibnitz,  Gottfried  Wilhelm  [libe'-nits],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  X.  322.  His  idea  of  a  grand 
theocracy,  323, 1  c.  His  theory  of  the  earth, 
2a:  see  Geology,  YII.  688,  1  ab.  Contro¬ 
versy  concerning  the  discovery  of  the  dif¬ 
ferential  calculus,  X.  324,  1  ab ;  XII.  349, 1  b. 
His  principal  metaphysical  speculations,  X. 
324,  1  c.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  811, 
2  be,  812,  2  b;  Philosophy,  XIII.  430,  1  a, 
432,  2  be,  441,  1  c. 

Leibniz  [Ger.  lipe'-nits] :  see  Leibnitz. 

Leicester  [les'-ter],  town  of  England,  X.  325. 
Ancient  remains,  326,  1  a  (ill.). 

Leicester,  Earl  of:  see  Dudley,  Robert. 

Leicester  of  Holktiam,  Earl  of:  see  Coke, 
Thomas  William. 


Leicestershire,  county  of  England,  X.  326. 

Leicester  square ,  London,  X.  620,  1  b. 

Leichhardt,  Ludwig  [lTh'-hart],  German  ex¬ 
plorer,  X.  326. 

Leiden :  see  Leyden. 

Leidy,  Joseph  [li'-de],  American  naturalist,  X. 
327. 

Leif  [life],  Norwegian  legendary  explorer, 
XVI.  149,  2  be ;  XII.  498,  1  b. 

Leigh,  Benjamin  Watkins  [lee],  American  law¬ 
yer,  X.  327. 

Leighton,  Frederick  [la'-tun],  English  painter, 
X.  327. 

Leighton ,  Dr.  (Alexander),  Scottish  theologian, 
Laud’s  persecution  of,  X.  204,  2  c. 

Leighton,  Robert,  Scottish  prelate  (son  of  Al¬ 
exander),  X.  327. 

Leinster  [leen'-ster],  province  of  Ireland,  X. 
327. 

Leiophyl'lum  buxifo'lium ,  botany,  XII.  113, 1  a. 

Leipa  [li'-pa],  town  of  Bohemia,  X.  328. 

Leipo'a  ocella'ta  (ornithology),  III.  367,  2  a. 

Leipsic  [lipe'-sik],  city  of  Saxony,  X.  328. 
Town  hall  and  market  place,  1  c  (ill.).  Uni¬ 
versity,  2  c.  Annual  fairs,  329,  2  a.  His¬ 
tory,  2  ab.  Battle  of,  2  b;  IV.  151,  2  b. 

Leipzig  [lipe'-tsich] :  see  Leipsic. 

Leisler,  Jacob  [lice'-ler],  American  adven¬ 
turer,  X.  330. 

Leith  [leeth],  town  of  Scotland,  X.  321. 

Leitiia  [li'-ta],  river  of  Austria,  X.  331.  Moun¬ 
tains,  2  a. 

Leitmeritz  [lite'-mer-its],  Bohemia,  X.  331. 

Leitomischl  [li'-to-mish’l],  Bohemia,  X.  331. 

Leitrim  [le'-trim],  county  of  Ireland,  X.  331. 

Lejean,  Guillaume  [luli-zhaKg],  FreDch  trav¬ 
eller,  X.  332. 

Lejeune,  Henry  [le-june'],  English  painter,  X. 
332. 

Lejeune,  Louis  Francois  [luh-zhun],  French 
general  and  painter,  X.  332. 

Le  Jeune,  Paul,  Jesuit  missionary,  X.  332. 

Lekain,  Henri  Louis  Cain  [luh-kang],  tragedian, 
X.  332. 

Lelcs ,  a  Persian  race,  XIII.  318,  1  b. 

“Z.  E.  L. see  Landon,  Letitia  Elizabeth. 

Leland,  Charles  Godfrey,  American  author, 
X.  332. 

Leland,  John,  English  divine,  X.  333. 

Leland,  John,  eccentric  American  clergyman, 
X.  333.  Mammoth  cheese  presented  to  Pres¬ 
ident  Jefferson,  1  b. 

Leleges  [lel'-e-jeez],  ancient  people,  X.  333; 
XV.  231,  1  c. 


LELEWEL 


LENZ 


457 


Lelewel,  Joachim  [lel-ev'-el],  Polish  historian, 
X.  333. 

Leleux,  Adolphe  [luh-lu.li'],  French  painter, 
X.  333.  Armand,  2  b.  Emilie  Giraud,  ib. 

Lely,  Sir  Peter,  English  painter,  X.  333. 

Lemaire,  Nicolas  Eloi  [luh-mair],  French  schol¬ 
ar,  X.  334. 

Lemaire,  Philippe  Henri,  sculptor,  X.  334. 

Lemaitre,  Frederick,  actor,  X.  334.  (D.  1876.) 

Le'man,  Lake  :  see  Geneva,  Lake  of. 

Leman ,  republic  of,  XVI.  278,  2  ab. 

Le  Mans  :  see  Mans. 

Lemanus  Lac  us:  see  Geneva,  Lake  of. 

Lemberg,  capital  of  Galicia,  X.  334. 

Lemercier  [luh-mair-se-a],  (Remond  Jules,  born 
1802),  French  lithographer,  X.  527,  2  b. 

Lemery,  Nicolas  [la-muh-re],  chemist,  X.  334. 
Louis,  335,  1  a.  Jacques  (Lemery  jeune),  ib. 

Lemhi,  county,  X.  335. 

Lemming,  animal,  X.  335  (ill.). 

Lemnos,  island,  Grecian  archipelago,  X.  335. 

Lemoine  [luh-mwan] :  see  Le  Moyne. 

Lemoine,  Gustave,  French  dramatist,  X.  336. 

Lemoinne,  John  Emile,  journalist,  X.  336. 

Lemon,  tree  and  fruit,  X.  336.  Oil  of  lemons,  2  c. 

Lemon,  Mark,  English  journalist  and  author, 
X.  337. 

Lemon  Grass,  X.  337.  Oil  of,  1  be,  2  a. 

Lemon  juice :  see  Citric  Acid,  and  XIV.  724, 1  c. 

Le  Monnier,  Pierre  Charles  [luh  muh-nya], 
French  astronomer,  X.  337. 

Lemons ,  salt  of,  so  styled,  XII.  758,  1  a. 

Lemo'num :  see  Poitiers. 

Lemovices  [le-mov'-e-seez],  Celtic  tribe,  referred 
to,  X.  486,  1  b. 

Le  Moyne  [lull  mwan],  Canadian  family,  X. 
337.  Charles,  founder  of  the  family,  2  be. 
Charles,  baron  de  Longueil,  2  c.  Paul,  sieur 
de  Maricourt,  338,  1  a.  Joseph,  sieur  de 
Serigny,  1  ab.  Antoine,  sieur  de  Chateau- 
guay,  1  b.  Jacques,  sieur  de  Ste.  II61ene, 
l  c.  Francois,  ib.  Louis,  ib. 

Lempa,  river  of  San  Salvador,  X.  338. 

Lempriere,  John  [lem-preer'J,  English  scholar, 
X.  338. 

Le'mur,  animal,  X.  338.  Genus,  339, 1  b.  Ring¬ 
tailed,  ib.  (ill.) ;  dwarf,  2  a;  spectral,  ib.  (ilk). 

Lemur  alia,  a  Roman  festival,  X.  339,  2  c. 

Lemu'res,  in  Roman  mythology,  X.  339. 

Lemuria,  imaginary  submerged  continent,  VI. 
759, 2  c  (chart).  A  Roman  festival,  X.  339, 2  c. 

Len'a,  river  of  Siberia,  X.  339. 

Le'nce  (Bacchantes),  II.  192,  2  c. 

Lenee'a,  wine-press  festival,  II.  192,  2  a. 


Lenapes  [len'-a-peez] :  see  Delawares. 

Lenau,  Nikolaus  [la'-now],  German  poet,  X. 
340. 

Len'awee,  county,  X.  340. 

Lencas,  Indian  tribe,  X.  340. 

L’Enclos,  Ninon  de  [ne-nong  duh  laDg-ldo], 
French  woman  of  pleasure,  X.  340. 

Lenepveu,  Jules  Eugene  [liih-na-vuk],  painter, 
X.  340. 

Lenglet-Dufresnoy ,  abbe  [lang-gla-du-fra-nwa], 
(Nicolas,  1674-1755,  author  of  numerous 
historical  and  critical  wrorks),  publication  of 
classics  by,  II.  302,  1  a. 

Lennep,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  340. 

Lennep,  Jacobus  van,  Dutch  novelist,  X.  341. 

Lennox  :  see  Dumbartonshire. 

Lennox,  county,  X.  341. 

Lennox,  Charlotte,  English  authoress,  X.  341. 

Lenoir  [le-nore'J,  county,  X.  341. 

Lenoir,  county  seat,  III.  577,  1  a. 

Lenoir,  Charles  Pelage,  abbe  [luh-nwur], 
French  author,  X.  341. 

Lenoir,  Alexandre,  archaeologist,  X.  341.  Al¬ 
exandre  Albert,  architect,  342,  1  a. 

Lenormand,  Marie  Anne  Adelaide  [luh-nor- 
mang],  fortune  teller,  X.  342 ;  III.  47,  1  c. 

Lenormant,  Charles  [luh-nor-mang],  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  X.  342.  Amelie,  authoress,  2  a.  Fran¬ 
cois,  archaeologist,  2  ab. 

Len'ox,  town  of  Massachusetts,  X.  342. 

Lenox,  James,  collection  of  Bibles  by,  II.  622, 
1  a.  Lenox  library,  New  York,  XII.  405,  2  c 
(ill.,  406). 

Lens,  X.  342.  Forms  of  lenses,  2  c ;  Xn. 
658,  2  b  (ills.).  Uses  of,  X.  343,  1  a :  see 
Burning  Glass,  Microscope,  Optics,  Spec¬ 
tacles,  and  Telescope.  Material  and  man¬ 
ufacture  of,  X.  343,  1  b;  VIII.  20,  2  a;  XI. 
513,  1  c-2  a.  Imperfections  in :  see  Aber¬ 
ration,  I.  24,  1  be ;  Achromatic  Lens  ; 
Aplanatic  Lens;  and  XII.  659,  2  b,  660,  1  b. 

Lens  [lang],  towm  of  France,  X.  343. 

Lent,  fast,  X.  343. 

Lentibula' ce(E  (botany),  XIII.  530,  1  b. 

Lentil,  plant  and  seed,  X.  344  (ill.). 

Len'tulus,  Roman  patrician  family,  X.  345. 
Publius  Cornelius  Lentulus  Sura,  conspira¬ 
tor,  1  b :  see  Catiline.  Cornelius  Cossus, 
general,  VII.  553,  1  b. 

Lentulus ,  description  of  Jesus  Christ  ascribed 
to,  IV.  523,  2  b. 

Lenz,  Jakob  Michael  Reinhold  [lents],  German 
poet,  X.  345. 

Lenz,  sculptor,  referred  to,  III.  450,  2  c. 


458 


LENZUOLO 


LEPIDOID 


Lenzuolo ,  Rodrigo  [len-zoo-o'-lo],  (Pope  Alex¬ 
ander  VI.),  I.  279,  2  c. 

Leo  (zoology),  X.  514,  2  c. 

Leo,  name  of  twelve  popes,  X.  345.  I.,  Saint, 

the  Great,  1  c ;  as  a  writer,  200,  2  c.  III., 
Saint,  346,  1  ab.  IV.,  Saint,  2  b :  see 
Leonine  City  (not  Leo  III.).  X.,  Giovanni 
de’  Medici,  2  c.  Indulgences  for  the  build- 

'  ing  of  St.  Peter’s,  348,  1  b ;  his  character, 
349,  1  b ;  patronage  of  art  and  literature, 
1  c.  XII.,  Annibale  della  Genga,  2  ab. 

Leo  I.,  Flavius,  the  Thracian,  the  Great,  By¬ 
zantine  emperor,  X.  349.  Death  penalty 
for  heretics  favored  by  him,  IX.  293,  1  be. 

Leo  III.,  the  Isaurian,  emperor,  X.  350.  Oppo¬ 
sition  to  image  worship,  1  c;  IX.  164,  1  c. 

Leo  V.,  the  Armenian,  emperor,  X.  350.  Oppo¬ 
sition  to  image  worship,  2  c ;  IX.  164,  2  b. 

Leo  VI.,  the  Philosopher,  emperor,  X.  351. 

Leo,  Andre  [la-o],  French  novelist,  X.  351. 

Leo,  Heinrich  [la/-o],  German  historian,  X.  351. 

Leo  Africanus,  Moorish  traveller,  X.  351. 

Leoben  [la-o'-ben],  town  of  Austria,  X.  352. 
Truce  of,  1  ab ;  referred  to,  VII.  390,  2  a. 

Leobsciiutz  [la'-up-shiits],  Prussia,  X.  352. 

Leochares  [le-ok'-a-reez],  Athenian  sculptor, 
X.  352. 

Leo'fric ,  Earl,  VI.  433,  1  be;  V.  438,  2  a. 

Leominster  [lem'-ster],  England,  X.  352. 

Leominster  [lem'-in-ster],  Massachusetts,  X. 
352. 

Le'on,  two  counties,  X.  352. 

Leon ,  county  seat,  V.  748,  1  c. 

Leon  [la-oan'],  kingdom  of  Spain,  X.  352. 
Province,  2  be.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Leon,  city  of  Mexico,  X.  353. 

Leon,  city  of  Nicaragua,  X.  353. 

Leon,  Isla  de  :  see  Cadiz. 

Leon,  Fray  Luis  de,  XIII.  699,  2  b  (Ponce  de 
Leon)  ;  XV.  221,  1  a,  c. 

Leon,  Ponce  de  :  see  Ponce  de  Leon. 

Leo’na,  county  seat,  X.  352,  2  b. 

Leonard  [len'-urd],  demon,  V.  795,  1  b. 

Leonardo  da  Pisa  [la-o-nar'-do  da  pe'-za], 
Italian  mathematician,  X.  353  ;  I.  301,  2  c. 

Leonardo  da  Vinci  :  see  Vinci. 

Leonardtown ,  county  seat,  XIV.  547,  2  c. 

Leoncito  [la-oan-se'-to],  animal,  XI.  181,  2  c. 

Leone  Vicario  (Saltillo),  XIV.  581,  1  a. 

Leonhard,  Karl  Casar  von  [la'-un-hart],  Ger¬ 
man  geologist,  X.  353.  Gustav,  geologist,  2  c. 

Leon'idas,  king  of  Sparta,  X.  354.  See 
Thermopylae. 

Leonidas  (II.),  king,  I.  188,  1  a. 


Leonine  City,  a  part  of  Romt),  X.  354 ;  IX. 

454,  2  ab  ;  XIV.  409,  2  a. 

Leonore  Christina,  countess  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  IV.  528,  1  c. 

Leonti’ asis :  see  Elephantiasis,  VI.  523,  1  b. 
Leonti’nus ,  sophist,  referred  to,  VI.  770,  2  b. 
Leon’tius ,  usurper,  IX.  728,  2  a. 

Leontodon  taraxacum  (botany),  V.  664,  2  a  (ill.). 
Leonu’rus  cardi'aca  (botany),  XI.  871,  1  ab 
(ill.).  L.  marrubiastrum,  1  c. 

Leopard,  animal,  X.  354  (ill.).  African  hunt¬ 
ing  leopard,  2  b  (ill.)*  See  Ocelot,  XII. 
573,  2  be. 

Leopard,  British  ship,  outrage  on  the  frigate 
Chesapeake  by,  II.  338,  1  a-c ;  IX.  505,  1  b. 
Leopardi,  Giacomo,  count  [la-o-par'-de],  Italian 
poet,  X.  355. 

Leopard's  bane,  plant,  I.  757,  2  b. 

Leopardus  uncia  (zoology),  XII.  741,  2  c  (ill.). 
Leopol  [la'-o-pole] :  see  Lembero. 

Le'opold  I.,  emperor  of  Germany,  X.  355 ; 

IX.  58,  1  a,  651,  2  ab ;  II.  144,  2  a. 

Leopold  II.,  emperor  of  Germany,  X.  355. 
Leopold  I.,  king  of  the  Belgians,  X.  356  ;  II. 

492,  1  b. 

Leopold  II.,  king  of  the  Belgians,  X.  356. 
Leopold  II.,  grand  duke  of  Tuscany,  X.  356. 
Leopold  I.,  prince  of  Anhalt-Dessau,  Prussian 
general,  X.  357.  Leopold  II.,  Maximilian,  2  c. 
Leopold  of  Ilohenzollern :  see  IIohenzollern. 
Leosthenes  [le-os'-the-neez],  Athenian  general, 

X.  357. 

Leotychides  [le-o-tl'-ke-deez],  Spartan  prince, 
I.  186,  1  c;  187,  2  ab. 

Leotychides,  Spartan  general,  referred  to,  VIII. 

190,  2  b  ;  XII.  108,  1  c. 

Lepage,  Marie  Anne  [luli-pazh] :  see  Boccage. 
Lepanto,  seaport  town  of  Greece,  X.  358. 
Gulf  of,  1  b.  Battle  of  Lepanto,  1  be ;  IX. 
653,  1  a;  VI.  386,  2  c. 

Lepas,  genus  of  barnacles,  II.  319,  1  a. 
Lepahte,  Nicole  Reine  Stable  de  Labriere, 
madame  [luh-pote],  French  mathematician, 
X.  358.  Jean  Andr6,  mechanician  and  clock- 
maker,  2  c.  His  pin  wheel  escapement,  IV. 
698,  2  c. 

L’Spee,  C.  M.,  abbe  de :  see  Spee. 

Lep'er:  see  Leprosy.  Lepervillages,X.361,  2  c. 
Leper's  basin:  see  Ax,  II.  164,  2  be. 

Lepid'ium  sati’vum  (botany),  XIII.  280,  2  c. 
Lepidoden' dron :  see  Coal  Plants. 
Lepidogas'ter  (ichthyology),  X.  714,  1  b.  L. 
Gouani,  1  be. 

Lep’idoid  family,  fossil  reptiles,  VII.  614,  2  c. 


LEPIDOLITE 


LE  SUEUR 


459 


Lepid’olite:  see  Mica,  XI.  491,  1  a. 
Lepidop'tera  :  see  Butterfly,  and  Mora. 
Lepid'opus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  660,  1  ab.  L. 
argyreus,  ib. 

Lepidosauri  (scincoids),  referred  to,  11.723, 1  c. 
Lepidosiren,  a  paradoxical  animal,  X.  359  (ill.). 
Lepidos'teus  (ichthyology),  VII.  621,  1  b.  L. 
osseus,  2  c  (ill.,  622).  L.  ferox,  622,  1  b, 
2  ab.  Referred  to,  614,  2  ab. 

Lepido'tas  (fossil  ichthyology),  VII.  615,  2  a. 
Lep'idus,  Roman  family,  X.  360.  M.  EEmilius, 
2  a.  M.  HSmilius  Porcina,  ib.  M.  HKmilius, 
2  ab.  M.  iEmilius,  triumvir,  2  b. 

Le  Play,  Pierre  Guillaume  Frederic  [luh  pla], 
French  author,  X.  361. 

Le  PoiTTEViisr,  Edmond  Modeste  Eugene  [luh 
pwat-vang],  painter,  X.  361. 

Lepra,  disease,  X.  361. 

Le  Prieure  [lull  pre-uh-ra] :  see  Chamouni, 
IV.  246,  1  be. 

Lep'rosy,  disease,  X.  361.  See  Elephantiasis, 
VI.  523,  1  ab. 

Lepsina :  see  Eleusis. 

Lepsius,  Karl  Richard  [lep'-se-oos],  German 
Egyptologist,  X.  362;  VI.  476,  1  c. 
Leptop'tilus  (ornithology),  XI.  141,  2  a.  L. 

argala,  ib.  L.  marabou,  142,  1  a  (ill.,  141). 
Lep'tothrix  bucca'lis ,  vegetable  parasite,  VI. 

689,  1  ab  (ill.)  ;  VII.  145,  2  be. 

Leptus  autumnalis  (epizoa),  VI.  695,  2  b  (ill.). 
Lepus  (zoology),  VIII.  455,  2  c ;  456,  1  ab. 
L.  timidus,  1  c  (ill.).  L.  Americanus,  457, 

1  be  (ill.).  Other  species.  L.  cuniculus, 
XIV.  158,  2  c  (ill.,  159).  L.  sylvaticus,  159, 

2  b  (ill.).  L.  artemisia,  160,  1  b.  L.  callo- 
tis,  ib. 

Lequesne,  Eugene  Louis  [luh-kain],  French 
sculptor,  X.  363. 

Lerdo  de  Tejada:  see  Tejada. 

Lerida  [la/-re-£/ia],  province  of  Spain,  X.  363. 

Capital  city,  2  b. 

Leri'na :  see  Lerins,  Islands  of. 

Ljerins  [la-rang],  Islands  of,  France,  X.  363. 
Ler'montoff,  Mikhail,  Russian  poet,  X.  364. 
Lernce'a  elonga'ta ,  parasitic  crustacean,  XIV. 
829,  2  c. 

Lernce'an  hydra ,  VIII.  679,  1  c. 

Lero  [la'-ro],  island  of  Greece,  X.  364. 

Leros :  see  Lero. 

Lerot:  see  Dormouse,  VI.  216,  2  a. 

Leroux,  Pierre  [luh-roo],  French  socialist,  X. 
364. 

Leroy  d’Etiolles,  Jean  Jacques  Joseph  [luh- 
rwa  da-te-ul],  surgeon,  X.  365. 


Leroy  de  Saint-Arnaud,  Jacques  Acliille  [dhh 
sang-tar-no],  soldier,  X.  365. 

Lerwick  [ler'-ik],  Shetland  islands,  X.  365. 

Le  Sage,  Alain  Rene  [luh  sazh],  French  author, 
X.  365.  Accused  of  plagiarism  by  Voltaire, 

366,  lb;  VI.  729,  1  a. 

Lesbos  :  see  Mytilene. 

Lescarbot,  Marc  [la-skar-bo],  French  historian, 
X.  366. 

Les  Cayes  [la  ka],  plain  of,  VIII.  548,  2  c. 
Lesche  [les'-ke],  hall  in  Delphi,  XII.  794,  2  a. 
Lesdiguieres  [la-de-gyair],  (Francois  de  Bonne, 
duke  de,  1543-1626,  marshal  of  France),  Cal- 
vinistic*  leader,  converted  by  Francis  de 
Sales,  VII.  425,  1  b. 

LESGniANS,  people  of  the  Caucasus,  X.  366  ; 
V.  631,  2  b. 

Lesley,  John,  Scottish  prelate,  X.  367. 

Lesley,  John  Peter,  American  geologist,  X. 

367.  His  services  to  geology  :  see  Moun¬ 
tain,  XII.  9,  1  b. 

Leslie,  Charles  Robert,  English  painter,  X. 
367.  George  Dunlop,  painter,  368,  1  b. 
Eliza,  American  authoress,  1  be. 

Leslie,  Henry,  English  composer,  X.  368. 

“  Henry  Leslie’s  choir,”  2  b. 

Leslie,  John,  British  prelate,  X.  368.  Charles, 
theological  author,  2  c. 

Leslie,  Sir  John,  mathematician,  X.  369. 
Lespedeza  striata  (botany),  IX.  565,  2  a ;  XIII. 
594,  1  a. 

Lespinasse,  Julie  Jeanne  Eleonore  de  [la-spe- 
nas],  French  lady,  X.  369. 

Lesseps,  Ferdinand  de,  viscount  [Ia-seps],  di¬ 
plomatist,  X.  369.  Suez  canal,  370,  1  b. 
Lesser  Dardanelles ,  two  castles,  V.  685,  1  b. 
Lessing,  Gotthold  Ephraim,  German  author,  X. 
370.  His  relation  to  German  literature,  VII. 
766,  2  b.  Occasion  of  his  comments  on  dra¬ 
matic  art,  I.  66,  2  c. 

Lessing,  Karl  Friedrich,  painter,  X.  371. 
Lesson  [la-song],  (Rene  Primevere,  1794-1849, 
naturalist  to  Duperrey’s  expedition  and  chief 
pharmacist  of  the  French  navy),  his  classifi¬ 
cation  of  the  human  race,  VI.  754,  1  b ;  of 
birds,  XII.  706,  1  ab. 

Lessonia  fucescens  (botany),  VII.  515,  2  a. 
Lester,  Charles  Edwards,  American  author,  X. 
372. 

Lestocq,  Jean  Herman  [les-tok'],  physician 
and  favorite  of  Elizabeth  of  Russia,  X.  372. 
L’Estrange,  Sir  Roger  [les-trainj'J,  English 
author,  X.  372. 

Le  Sueur  [le  soo'-er],  county,  X.  373. 


460 


LE  SUEUR 


LEWALD 


Le  Sueur ,  county  seat,  X.  373,  1  a. 

Lesueur,  Eustache  [lull  sii-ur],  French  paint¬ 
er,  X.  373. 

Lesueur,  Jean  Baptiste  Cic6ron,  architect,  X. 
373. 

Le  Sueur,  Jean  Frangois,  composer,  X.  373. 

Leszczynski  [lesh-chin'-ske] :  see  Stanislas  I. 

Letcher,  county,  X.  373. 

Le'the,  in  Greek  mythology,  X.  373. 

Lethe' on,  an  anaesthetic,  I.  453,  2  b. 

Leto  :  see  Latona. 

Letronne,  Antoine  Jean  [luh-trun],  French 
archaeologist,  X.  373. 

Letter  of  Marque  :  see  Privateer. 

Lettic  Race,  X.  374. 

Lettres  de  Cachet  :  see  Cachet,  and  VIII. 
364,  2  a. 

Lettuce,  plant,  X.  .374  (ills.).  Disease  of,  XIII. 
772,  1  c. 

Lettuce  opium ,  X.  375,  1  b. 

Leu,  August  Wilhelm  [loi],  German  painter, 
X.  375. 

Leucadia,  or  Leucas :  see  Santa  Maura. 

Leuchtenberg  [loich'-ten-bairg],  principality  of 
Bavaria,  X.  375.  Duke  of,  2  b;  II.  426,  1  c, 
2  c. 

Leucip'pus,  Greek  philosopher,  X.  375 ;  XIII. 
437,  2  a. 

Leuciscus  (ichthyology),  V.  628,  1  c.  L.  cro- 
ceus,  2  a.  L.  Americanus,  629,  1  a.  L. 
compressus,  ib.  L.  cephalus,  IV.  564,  2  c 
(ill.,  565).  L.  phoxinus,  XI.  613,  1  c.  L. 
rutilus,  XIV.  351,  2  be  (ill.). 

Leuckart,  Karl  Georg  Friedrich  Rudolph  [loik'- 
kart],  German  zoologist,  X.  376.  His  classi¬ 
fication  of  mollusca,  XI.  50,  2  b.  Experi¬ 
ments  on  the  embryos  of  entozoa,  VI.  664, 
2  a;  665,  1  a. 

Leucocythce'mia ,  disease,  discovery  of,  II.  531, 
1  ab. 

Leucoium  ver'num  [lu-ko'-yum],  (botany),  XV. 
137,  2  c  (ill.,  138). 

Leu'colytes ,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  590,  1  c. 

Leuco'ma ,  in  ophthalmia,  XII.  645,  2  c. 

Leu’  cophrys :  see  Tenedos. 

Leucop'yrite ,  in  mineralogy,  XIV.  109,  2  a. 

Leucosia:  see  Nicosia,  and  Samothrace. 

Leucothea  [lu-ko'-the-a] :  see  Ino. 

Leuctra  [luke'-tra],  village  of  Boeotia,  X.  376. 
Battle  of,  VI.  675,  1  c. 

Leuk  [loik],  town  of  Switzerland,  X.  376. 

LeuLerbad ,  hot  springs  of,  X.  376,  1  b. 

Leuret,  Frangois  [luh-ra],  French  anatomist, 
X.  376. 


Leuthen  [loi'-ten],  village  of  Prussia,  X.  376. 
Battle  of,  VII.  457,  1  ab. 

LEUTsenAu  [loit'-show],  city  of  Hungary,  X.  376. 

Leutze,  Emanuel  [loit'-seh],  American  painter, 
X.  376. 

Leuven[ luh'-ven] :  see  Louvain. 

Levadia :  see  Livadia. 

Le  Vaillant,  Frangois  [luh  va-yang],  French 
traveller,  X.  377. 

Levant',  X.  377 ;  II.  16,  2  a. 

■  Leva' tor  pala'ti  (anatomy),  XII.  817,  2  b. 

Levee  of  the  Loire  [luh-va],  dike,  VII.  367,  2  ab. 

Lev'ees  of  Louisiana,  X.  669,  2  b. 

Level,  in  mining,  XI.  572,  1  a. 

Levellers ,  in  Cromwell’s  army,  V.  504,  2  a. 

LfivEQUE,  Jean  Charles  [la-vaik],  French  phi¬ 
losopher,  X.  377. 

Le'ver:  see  Mechanics,  XI.  316,  1  ab,  b,  c, 
2  b;  317,  1  c;  326,  1  c,  ff.  (ills.,  326-328). 
Lever  of  a  watch  escapement,  IV.  701,  1  b; 
rack  and  pinion  lever,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  detached 
lever  escapement,  1  c  (ill.) ;  train  of  wheels 
in  a  detached  lever,  703,  2  be  (ill.,  704). 

Lever,  Charles  James,  Irish  novelist,  X.  377. 

Lev'erett,  Frederick  Percival,  American  schol¬ 
ar,  X.  378. 

Leverett,  Sir  John,  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
X.  378. 

Leverrier,  Urbain  Jean  Joseph  [luh-vair-ya], 
French  astronomer,  X.  378.  Discovery  of 
the  planet  Neptune,  2  b.  (Died  1877.) 

Le  Vert,  Octavia  Walton,  American  authoress, 
X.  379.  (Died  1877.) 

Leveson- Gower,  Lord  Francis:  see  Ellesmere, 
VI.  342,  2  c. 

Levi,  Hebrew  patriarch,  X.  380. 

Levi,  Leone,  British  author,  X.  380. 

Levi'athan,  marine  animal,  X.  380. 

Le  vieux  diable  [luh  vyuh  de-ab’l],  nickname, 
II.  756,  2  ab. 

Levin,  Rahel  [la-veen'] :  see  Varnhagen  von 
Ense,  XVI.  267,  2  ab. 

Levis  [la-ve],  county  of  Canada,  X.  380.  Town, 
1  c;  XIV.  140,  2  b. 

Levita,  Elias :  see  Elias  Levita. 

Levitation,  in  spiritualism,  VIII.  777,  2  c. 

Levites,  Hebrew  tribe,  X.  380. 

Leviticus,  book  of  the  Bible,  X.  380. 

Levsina :  see  Eleusis. 

Levy  [le'-ve],  county,  X.  380. 

LtvY,  Emile  [la-ve],  French  painter,  X.  380. 

Levyville,  county  seat,  X.  380,  2  c. 

Lewald,  Johann  Karl  August  [la'-vMt],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  X.  381.  Fanny,  authoress,  1  b. 


LEWES 


LIBER 


4G1 


Lewes  [lu'-is],  borough  of  England,  X.  381. 
Lewes,  George  Henry,  English  author,  X.  381. 
See  Philosophy,  XIII.  430,  1  b,  447,  1  a. 
Marian  Evans,  authoress,  X.  382,  1  b. 
Lew'in,  Thomas,  English  author,  X.  382. 
Lewis,  in  mechanics,  X.  382.  Use  of  in  con¬ 
structing  the  Eddystone  lighthouse,  459,  2  ab. 
Lewis,  name  of  six  counties,  X.  382. 

Lewis ,  county  seat,  IV.  59,  1  c. 

Lewis,  name  of  four  brothers  distinguished  in 
the  revolution,  X.  383.  Andrew,  general, 
2  b.  Thomas,  statesman,  384,  1  a.  William, 
colonel,  1  b.  Charles,  colonel,  ib. 

Lewis,  Dio,  American  physician,  X.  384. 
Lewis,  Enoch,  mathematician,  X.  384. 

Lewis,  Estelle  Anna  Blanche,  authoress,  X.  384. 
Lewis,  Francis,  revolutionist,  X.  384. 

Lewis,  Sir  George  Cornewall,  English  states¬ 
man,  X.  385. 

Lewis,  John  Frederick,  painter,  X.  385.  (Died 
1876.) 

Lewis,  Matthew  Gregory,  author,  X.  385. 
Lewis,  Meriwether,  American  explorer,  X.  386. 
Lewis,  Morgan,  soldier,  X.  386. 

Lewis,  Tayler,  scholar,  X.  386.  (Died  1877.) 
Lewis  and  Clarke,  county,  X.  387. 

Lewis  and  Clarice's  expedition ,  X.  386,  1  b  ; 
IX.  594,  2  c. 

Lewis  fork:  see  Snake  River. 

Lewisburg,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  387. 
University,  2  be. 

Lewisburg ,  county  seats,  Y.  293,  2  a;  VIII. 

226,  2  c;  XI.  198,  2  b. 

Lewisia,  plant,  X.  387  (ill.). 

Lewis  River:  see  Snake  River. 

Lewiston,  city  of  Maine,  X.  387.  Bates  col¬ 
lege,  388,  2  a  (ill.). 

Lewiston,  town  of  New  York,  X.  388. 
Lewiston ,  county  seat,  XII.  416,  1  b. 

Lewistown ,  county  seats,  VII.  525,  1  b ;  X.  720, 
2  a ;  XI.  528,  2  a. 

Lewisville ,  county  seat,  X.  93,  1  c. 

Lex  fori ,  X.  390,  2  be;  391,  1  ab. 

Tjexiarchic  register ,  of  Athens,  XII.  160,  2  a. 
Lexicon :  see  Dictionary,  VI.  92,  2  c. 
Lexington,  county,  X.  388. 

Lexington,  town  of  Massachusetts,  X.  389. 
Battle  of,  1  ab.  Monument,  2  be  (ill.).  See 
Lexington,  Ivy.,  390,  2  a. 

Lexington,  town  of  Virginia,  X.  389. 
Lexington,  city  of  Kentucky,  X.  390.  State 
university,  1  be  (ill.,  college  of  arts). 
Lexington,  town  of  Missouri,  X.  390. 
Lexington ,  county  seats,  V.  707,  2  a;  VIII. 


635,  1  c;  770,  1  be;  XII.  589,  1  b;  XIV. 
606,  1  b ;  706,  2  c. 

Lexington  C.  II.,  county  seat,  X.  389,  1  a. 

Lex  Julia  et  Papia  Poppcea,  in  Roman  juris¬ 
prudence,  XIII.  169,  2  a. 

Lex  Loci,  X.  390. 

Lex  rei  sites ,  X.  391,  1  a. 

Lex  Pipuariorum,  Frankish  code,  VII.  443,  1  b. 
See  Code,  V.  7,  2  c. 

Lex  SaVica,  Frankish  code,  VII.  443,  1  b.  See 
Code,  V.  7,  2  a. 

Lex  talionis,  of  Rome,  III.  755,  1  b. 

Leyden  [ll'-den],  city  of  the  Netherlands,  X.  392. 
Town  hall,  1  c  (ill.).  University,  2  a.  Siege 
of,  393,  1  a. 

Leyden,  John  pa'-],  Scottish  author,  X.  393. 

Leyden,  Lucas  van,  Dutch  painter,  X.  393. 

Leyden  Jar:  see  Electricity,  VI.  509,  2  ab 
(ill.).  Leyden  battery,  510,  1  a.  Residual 
charge,  1  c.  Electrical  discharges  from : 
see  Magneto-Electricity,  XI.  17,  1  a.  First 
to  explain,  I.  323,  2  c. 

Leys,  Jean  Auguste  Henri  [Flem.  lice;  Fr.  la], 
Belgian  painter,  X.  393. 

Lha-ssa  :  see  Lassa. 

L’Hopital,  Michel  de  Po-pe-tal],  French  states¬ 
man,  X.  393. 

L'Hopital-  Vitry ,  marshal  of  France,  1. 470,  1  a. 

V Hospital :  see  L’II6pital. 

Liability ,  limited :  see  Limited  Liability.  In 
solido,  XIV.  869,  1  b.  Of  common  carriers, 
V.  145,  lb.  Of  a  husband,  IX.  86,  1  be, 
ff.  Of  masters  and  servants,  XI.  264,  2  c. 

Liaotung  Pe-ow-tung'] :  see  Siiinking. 

Lias,  in  geology,  X.  394. 

Li'atris  odoratis' sima  (botany),  XVI.  261,  2  c. 

Libanius,  Greek  sophist  and  rhetorician,  X. 
394.  See  Chrysostom,  IV.  562,  1  a. 

Lib'anus,  Mount :  see  Lebanon. 

Libavius:  see  Chemistry,  IV.  359,  1  c.  His 
fuming  liquor,  ib. 

Libau  pe'-bow],  seaport  of  Russia,  X.  394. 

Libel,  in  law,  X.  394.  Punishment  of,  395, 
1  b.  Defence  against  action  for,  2  a,  b,  396, 
1  c ;  VIII.  41 9,  2  ab  ;  XIV.  154,  2  be.  Fox’s 
libel  act,  X.  395,  2  b.  Privileged  publica¬ 
tions,  396,1  a. — Libel  in  a  suit  in  admiralty,  2  a. 

Libellat'ici ,  apostates,  V.  615,  1  b. 

Libellula  (entomology),  VI.  240,  1  a.  L.  gran- 
dis,  1  ab.  L.  trimaculata  (ill.),  239. 

Libelt,  Karol  Pe'-belt],  Polish  author,  X.  396. 
(Died  1877.) 

Liber:  see  Bacchus,  II.  193,  1  c. 

Liber ,  of  bark,  II.  313,  2  be;  XIII.  579,  2  a,  if. 


462 


LIBERALIA 


LIEGNITZ 


Liberalia ,  festival  of  Liber,  II.  193,  1  a. 

Liberals :  see  Whig  and  Tory,  XVI.  59G,  1  a. 

Liberia,  republic  of,  X.  397;  I.  170,  1  b. 

Liberius,  saint  and  pope,  X.  399. 

Lib'erti ,  liberti'ni:  see  Freedmen. 

Libertines  [lib'-er-tins],  party  in  Geneva,  III. 
633,  1  c,  2  a. 

Liberties,  XIII.  169,  1  c.  See  Freedmen. 

Liberty,  three  counties,  X.  400. 

Liberty,  town  of  Missouri,  X.  401. 

Liberty ,  county  seats,  I.  426,  1  a;  11.447,  2  c; 
IV.  53,  2  a;  X.  401,  1  a;  XVI.  112,  2  b. 

Liberty,  'personal,  in  France  and  England,  com¬ 
pared,  VIII.  364,  1  c. 

Liberty  bell,  Philadelphia,  II.  497,  2  a  (ill.). 

Liberty  cap,  VIII.  509,  2  b. 

Liberty  party,  in  American  politics,  II.  660, 
2  c;  XV.  100,  1  c;  XVI.  169,  2  a. 

Liberty  of  the  press,  foundation  of  in  England : 
see  Erskine,  VI.  720,  1  be. 

Liberum  tenementum :  see  Estate,  VI.  738, 1  a. 

Liberum  veto:  see  Poland,  XIII.  646,  2  b, 
647,  2  b. 

Libinia  canaliculata  (crustacea),  V.  450,  2  a ; 
XV.  266,  2  c. 

Libitinarii,  Roman  undertakers,  III.  453,  1  a. 

Libocedrus  (botany),  X.  401.  L.  decurrens, 
2  a  (ill.) ;  III.  606,  1  c. 

Libottrne  [le-boorn],  town  of  France,  X.  401. 

Libra ,  Roman  coin,  XI.  738,  1  a. 

Library,  X.  401.  Ancient  libraries,  2  c;  me¬ 
diaeval,  402,  2  b.  European  public  libraries, 
403, 1  a  (table).  Libraries  in  the  United  States, 
404,  2  b ;  table,  405. — Boston  free  public 
library,  founding  of,  II.  382,  1  b.  Destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  library  of  St.  Sophia,  Constan¬ 
tinople,  X.  350,  2  a.  Of  the  public  library 
of  Constantinople,  402,  1  c;  II.  364,  1  c; 
III.  514,  1  ab.  Of  the  Alexandrian  library, 
I.  291,  2  be,  c. 

Libration:  see  Moon,  XL  799,  2  a. 

Libri-Carrucci  della  Sommaia,  Guillaume 
Brutus  Icile  Timoleon,  count  [le'-bre-kar- 
root'-che],  French  mathematician,  X.  405. 

Liburnce,  ancient  galleys,  X.  406,  1  a. 

Liburnia,  district  of  ancient  Ulyricum,  X.  405. 

Libya,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  406.  Libya 
Exterior,  1  a.  Upper,  V.  617,  2  ab. 

Libyan  Desert,  Africa,  X.  406;  I.  165,  1  c. 

Libyans,  peoples  of  X.  Africa,  X.  406. 

Libyan  Sea,  X.  406. 

Libyo- Phoenician  race,  XIII.  453,  2  b  ;  456,  2  b. 

Licata  [le-ka'-ta],  seaport  of  Sicily,  X.  407. 

License,  in  law,  X.  407. 


Licentiates ,  Congregational,  V.  243,  1  c. 

Lichanotus  brevicaudatus  (zoology),  X.  339,  1  a. 

Lichens  [li'-kens],  X.  408  (ills.).  How  distin¬ 
guished  from  fungi,  VII.  529,  1  c. 

Lichfield,  city  of  England,  X.  411.  Cathe¬ 
dral,  2  b  (ill.,  412). 

Lichtenberg,  Georg  Christoph  [lich'-ten-bairg], 
German  physicist,  X.  412. 

Lichtenstein,  Martin  Heinrich  Karl  [lbh'-ten- 
stine],  German  naturalist,  X.  412. 

Licinian  rogations,  XIV.  404, 1  b ;  XIII.  609, 1  b. 

Licinianus ,  palimpsest  of  annals  of,  XI.  132,  2  b. 

Lick,  salt  spring,  XIV.  577,  1  c,  2  a. 

Lick,  James,  American  philanthropist,  X.  412. 
Referred  to,  XIV.  603,  1  c.  (Died  1876.) 

Licking,  county,  X.  412. 

Licking,  river,  Kentucky,  X.  413.  Ohio,  1  b. 

Licorice  [lik'-o-ris] :  see  Liquorice. 

Lictors,  Roman  officers,  X.  413. 

Licuala  acutifida  (botany),  XIII.  21,  1  a. 

Licus,  river :  see  Lech. 

Liddell,  Henry  George,  English  scholar,  X.  413. 

Liddon,  Henry  Parry,  clergyman,  X.  413. 

Lidericus,  river :  see  Loir. 

Lieber,  Francis  [le'-ber],  American  publicist, 
X.  413.  Oscar  Montgomery,  author,  414,  2  a. 

Lieberkuhn  [le'-ber-kiihn],  (Johann  Nathaniel, 
1711— ’56,  physician  and  instrument  maker 
of  Berlin),  follicles  of,  IX.  324,  1  a.  See 
Microscope,  XI.  513, 1  c;  514,  2  a;  521, 1  be. 

Liebfrauenmilch  [leep'-frow-en-miPh],  wine, 
VII.  774,  2  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  XVI. 
729,  2  c. 

Liebhard,  Joachim  [leep'-liart] :  see  Camera- 
rius. 

Liebig,  Justus  von  [le'-bich],  German  chemist, 
X.  414.  His  investigations  and  discoveries 
in  chemistry,  IV.  368,  1  be;  in  agricultural 
chemistry,  I.  200,  1  a.  Silver  coating  of 
glass  by,  XI.  633,  2  a.  Observations  on  fer¬ 
mentation,  VII.  143,  2  a,  145,  1  be.  His 
condenser,  VI.  141,  1  c.  Referred  to,  VII. 
39,  1  ab. 

Liechtenstein  [leech'-ten-stine],  German  prin¬ 
cipality,  X.  416.  Princes  of,  1  be.  Princess 
Marie  (Mary  Fox),  ib. ;  VII.  361,  1  b;  VIII. 
776,  2  a. 

Liedertafel  .  rie'-der-ta-fell,  musical  society, 
XVI.  810,  1  b. 

Liege  [lyaizh],  province  of  Belgium,  X.  416. 
Capital  city,  2  a.  Palais  de  justice,  2  be 
(ill.,  417).  History,  417,  2  a. 

Liegnitz  [leeg'-nits],  town  of  Prussia,  X.  417 
(view  in,  418).  Princess  of,  418,  1  be. 


LlfiGEOISE 


LIGXONE 


463 


“  Liegeoise ,  the  handsome  ”  [lya-zhwaz],  XV. 
701,  1  ab. 

Lien,  in  law,  X.  418.  See  Sale,  and  Stoppage 
in  Transitu. 

Lier  [leer] :  see  Lierre. 

Lierre  [lyair],  town  of  Belgium,  X.  419. 
Liestal  [leece'-tal],  town  of  Switzerland,  X.  41 9. 
Lieutenant,  title,  X.  419.  Lieutenant  gen¬ 
eral,  2  b.  Lieutenant  general  du  royaume, 
in  France,  2  be.  Lord  lieutenant,  in  Eng¬ 
land,  2  c ;  of  Ireland,  ib. 

Lieven,  Dorothea  [le'-ven],  princess  of,  Rus¬ 
sian  diplomatist,  X.  420.  Christoph,  prince, 
ib. ;  I.  284,  1  b. 

Life ,  theories  of :  see  Physiology,  XIII.  484, 

1  b.  Periods  of  human  life,  I.  180,  2  b,  c. 
Average  length  of,  181,  2  c. 

Life  annuity ,  I.  534,  2  b  ;  joint,  ib. 

Life  belt ,  X.  424,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Life  Boat,  X.  420.  English,  1  c,  ff.  (ills.). 
American,  421,  2  c  (ills.).  Life-saving  ap¬ 
paratus,  422,  1  a  (ills.).  Life-saving  service, 
423,  1  a.  Life-saving  stations,  2  a  (ill.). 
Life  preservers,  424,  1  a  (ill.). 

Life  car ,  X.  422,  2  a  (ill.). 

Life  contingencies ,  doctrine  of  probabilities 
first  applied  to,  X.  424,  2  c ;  425,  1  c. 

Life  Insurance,  X.  424.  History  of,  in  Eng¬ 
land,  2  c ;  in  America,  427,  1  c.  State 
supervision  of,  428,  1  b.  Elements  of,  429, 

1  c.  Actuaries’  table,  2  ab.  Measure  of  a 
member’s  interest  in  the  company,  433,  1  c. 
Use  of  the  insurance  fund,  2  c.  Various 
kinds  of  policies,  434,  1  c. 

Life  Preserver  :  see  Life  Boat,  X.  424,  1  a. 
Life  saving :  see  Life  Boat  (Index). 

Liger ,  river  :  see  Loire. 

Light,  X.  435.  Emission  or  corpuscular  theory, 

1  b ;  tested  by  experiments,  436,  2  c  ;  reflec¬ 
tion  and  refraction  explained  by,  439,  1  ab. 
— Undulatory  theory,  435,  1  be ;  439,  1  b  ; 

440,  1  c;  VI.  82,  2  a,  746,  1  be;  IX.  98, 

2  c;  XII.  347,  1  ab. — Velocity  of  light,  X. 
437,  1  b;  Roemer’s  observations,  1  be  (ill.). 
Intensity,  2  c  (ill.,  438)  ;  relative  intensity 
of  two  lights,  XIII.  474,  1  b.  Absorption 
and  emission,  X.  438,  1  b.  Reflection  and 
refraction,  1  c  (ills.,  439).  Dispersion,  440, 

1  a ;  solar  spectrum,  ib.  (ill.),  and  XII.  659, 

2  c.  Double  refraction,  X.  441,  1  c  (ills., 

441,  442).  Interference,  442,  1  c ;  XV. 
241,  2  a.  Diffraction,  X.  442,  2  b  (ill.); 
fringes  of  light,  443,  1  ab.  Diffraction  spec¬ 
trum,  444,  1  a.  Colors  of  thin  plates,  Xew-  [ 


ton’s  rings,  1  b  (ill.). — Polarization  of  light, 
445,  1  b  (ills.,  445,  446) :  see  Color,  V.  96, 
2  b.  Effect  of  magnetism  on  a  polarized 
beam  of  light,  XI.  7,  1  c.  Polarizing  ap¬ 
paratus,  X.  446,  2  be  (ills.,  446,  447).  Ellip¬ 
tic  and  circular  polarization,  interference  of 
polarized  light,  447,  2  a;  Fresnel’s  rhomb, 
2  be  (ill.).  Colored  rings,  448,  2  c  (ills.,  449 ). 
Rotation  of  plane  of  polarization,  449,  2  c 
(ills.,  451,  452).  Polarization  of  heat,  452, 
2  b. — Chemical  action  of  light,  2  be  ;  I.  158, 
2  c :  see  Photometry,  and  Photography. 
Photogenic  power  of,  how  preserved,  VII. 
290,  2  c. — Measurement  of  wave  lengths  of 
rays  of  light,  XV.  240,  1  be.  Identity  of 
light  and  heat,  VIII.  569,  2  ab ;  572,  1  a. 

Light,  Aberration  of  :  see  Aberration.  Dis¬ 
covered,  III.  181,  1  c. 

Light,  Zodiacal :  see  Zodiacal  Light. 

LiGnTFOOT,  John,  rabbinical  scholar,  X.  453. 

Ligiitfoot,  Joseph  Barber,  clergyman  and 
scholar,  X.  453. 

“  Light  Horse  Harry  f  sobriquet,  X.  304,  2  b. 

Lighthouse,  X.  453.  Materials  and  mode  of 
construction,  2  a.  Method  of  illumination, 
454,  2  a  (ills.,  456,  457).  Auxiliary  safe¬ 
guards  to  navigation,  457,  2  b.  History  and 

.  statistics,  458,  2  a.  Cordouan  lighthouse,  2  b. 
Eddy  stone  lighthouse,  459,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  VI. 
400,  1  c  (ill.).  Bell  Rock,  X.  460,  1  a  (ill.). 
Skerry vore,  1  c  (ill.).  Lighthouse  of  the 
Great  Isaac’s  rocks,  461,  1  b ;  of  Minot’s 
ledge,  1  c.  History  of  lighthouses  in  the 
United  States,  2  c;  regulation  of,  462,  2  c. 
In  Europe,  2  a. 

Lightning,  X.  463.  Franklin’s  observations 
and  experiments,  ’2  b.  His  method  of  pro¬ 
tecting  buildings,  465,  1  c.  Romas’s  electri-* 
cal  kite,  464,  1  c.  Electrical  state  of  the 
atmosphere,  2  b.  Construction  of  protect¬ 
ing  rods,  465,  2  b ;  efficacy  of,  466,  2  b. 

Lightning  rod ,  invention  of,  X.  465,  1  c ;  cop¬ 
per,  2  b.  As  known  to  the  ancients,  ib. 

Light  vessels :  see  Lighthouse,  X.  457,  2  b. 

Ligier,  Pierre  [le-zhe-a],  French  actor,  X.  467 

Lign  aloes  [line],  I.  347,  1  b. 

Ligne,  Charles  Joseph,  prince  de  [dull  leeny’], 
Austrian  general,  X.  467.  Eugene  Lamoral, 
prince  de,  Belgian  statesman,  1  c. 

Lignine  [lig'-nin],  woody  tissue,  VII.  515,  2  c ; 
XVI.  703,  2  b. 

Lignireose ,  in  wood  cells,  XVI.  703,  2  b. 

Lignite  :  see  Brown  Coal,  III.  344,  1  c. 

Lignone ,  substance  in  wood  cells,  XVI.  703,  2  b. 


464 


LIGNOSE 


LIMOUSIN 


Lignose ,  substance  in  wood  cells,  XVI.  703,  2  b. 
Lignum  rhodium ,  XIV.  441,  1  b. 

Lignum  Vhle  :  see  Guaiacum,  and  XV.  796, 1  c. 
Ligny  [le-nye],  village  of  Belgium,  X.  467. 

Battle  of,  ib .,  and  VII.  270,  1  a. 

Lig'ule ,  in  grasses,  VIII.  166,  1  ab. 

Liguori,  Alfonso  Maria  da  [le-gwo'-re],  saint, 
X.  467;  XI.  731,  1  c. 

Liguorians :  see  Eedemptorists. 

Ligu'res ,  an  ancient  people  of  Italy,  IX.  438, 
2  c ;  X.  468,  1  a. 

Liguria,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  467. 
Ligurian  republic ,  IX.  451,  1  ab. 

Ligurians:  see  Liguria,  and  IX.  439,  1  a. 
Ligurian  sea ,  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Ligustrum  vulgare  (botany),  XIV.  18,  2  c  (ill.). 
Ligyes  [lij'-e-eez],  ancient  Italic  race,  X.  468, 

1  a. 

Liholiho  [le-ho-le'-ho],  Hawaiian  king,  IX. 

738,  2  b.  Alexander,  739,  1  ab. 

Lij  Kasa  (King  Theodore),  king  of  Abyssinia, 
I.  46,  2  b. 

Li'lac,  shrub,  X,  468  (ill.).  Lilac  color,  2  a. 

So-called  French  lilac,  XIII.  450,  1  c. 
Lilburne,  John,  English  agitator,  X.  469. 
Lilith  [le'-lith],  Adam’s  wife,  in  Talmudic 
stories,  V.  794,  2  a.  Lilith  or  Lilis,  in  the 
middle  ages,  ib. 

Lilium  (botany),  X.  471,  1  b.  L.  longiflorum, 

471,  2  c  (ilk).  L.  auratum,  472,  1  c  (ill.). 
Other  species. 

Lille  [leel],  city  of  France,  X.  469. 

Lille ,  Count  de  (Louis  XVIII.),  II.  695,  2  b. 
Lillebonne  [leel-bim],  city  of  France,  X.  470. 

Mediaeval  and  Roman  remains,  1  b. 

Lillers  [le-ya],  town  of  France,  X.  470. 

“  Lillibulerof  ballad,  author  of,  XVI.  584,  2  c. 
Lillo,  George,  English  dramatist,  X.  470. 
Lilly,  John,  author,  X.  470. 

Lilly,  William,  astrologer,  X.  470. 

Lily,  plant,  X.  471.  Native  species,  1  c;  ex¬ 
otic,  2  b  (ill.,  long-flowered).  Japan  lilies, 

472,  1  b  (ill.,  golden-banded).  Cultivation, 

2  b  (ills.,  bulb  and  scale).  African  and  day 
lily,  473,  1  b.  See  Call  a,  and  Water  Lily. 

Lily,  William,  English  grammarian,  X.  473. 
Lilyb-e'um  :  see  Marsala. 

Lilybceum  Promontorium ,  III.  740,  2  c. 

Lily  of  TnE  Valley,  X.  473  (ill.). 

Lily  pad,  XVI.  503,  2  a. 

Lima  [le'-ma],  capital  of  Peru,  X.  474  (street 
view).  History,  476,  1  ab. 

Li'ma ,  county  seat,  I.  328,  1  c. 

Limaco'des  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  c. 


Limax  (mollusca),  XV.  108,  2  b.  L.  agrestis, 
109,  1  a  (ill.). 

Limber ,  of  a  gun  carriage,  I.  789,  2  ab  (see  di¬ 
agram).  In  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  1  b;  limber 
strake,  1  ab. 

Limbo,  place  of  departed  spirits,  X.  476. 
Limborch,  Philippus  van  [lim'-borkh],  Dutch 
theologian,  X.  476. 

Limburg  [lim'-boorg],  territory  of  Europe,  X. 

476.  Dutch  province,  2  c.  Belgian  province, 

477,  1  a.  Belgian  town,  1  b. 

Limburg  cheese :  see  Cheese,  IV.  352,  2  b. 

“ Limburg  Chronicle ,”  X.  477,  2  a. 

Limburg- on-the-Lahn,  town  of  Prussia,  X. 

477.  Cathedral,  1  c  (ill.). 

Limbus  infantum:  see  Limbo,  X.  476,  1  be. 
L.  patrum,  ib. 

Lime,  X.  477.  Cream  of  lime,  478, 1  ab  ;  milk 
of,  ib.  Salts,  lb.  Use  of  lime  in  agriculture, 
479,  2  a.  Tests  for  lime  and  its  salts,  2  c. 
Medical  uses  of,  480,  1  a.  Slaked  lime,  478, 

1  a;  IV.  181,  2  a. 

Lime,  fruit,  X.  480.  Lime  juice,  2  a. 
Lim'erick,  county  of  Ireland,  X.  480.  Capital 
city,  2  b.  Thomond  bridge  and  King  John’s 
castle,  2  c  (ill.,  481). 

Limestone,  rock,  X.  481.  Varieties  of,  in  the 
lead  regions,  252,  1  c,  ff.  Bituminous,  II. 
673,  1  be.  Saccharoidal,  III.  222,  1  c ;  so¬ 
norous,  ib.  See  Cements,  Dolomite,  Geol¬ 
ogy,  Lime,  and  Marble. 

Limestone,  two  counties,  X.  481. 

Lime  Tree  :  see  Linden. 

Lime  water ,  X.  478,  1  ab ;  480,  1  a. 

Lime-water  liniment ,  XII.  605,  2  a. 

Liming  process,  in  tanning,  X.  273,  2  b. 
Limitation,  Statutes  of,  X.  482. 

Limited  Liability,  X.  484. 

Lim'mat,  river  of  Switzerland,  XVI.  838, 1  ab,  2  c. 
Limni :  see  Lemnos. 

Limniads:  see  Fairies,  VII.  63,2  a,  and  Nymphs. 
Limnoria  (crustacea),  XIV.  871,  1  c.  L.  tere¬ 
brans,  ib. 

Limoges  [le-moazh],  town  of  France,  X.  486 
(ill.). 

Limoniads :  see  Nymphs. 

Limonite :  see  Bog  Ore,  and  Iron  Ores,  IX. 

408,  1  b,  2  c. 

Limonum :  see  Poitiers. 

Limosa  (ornithology),  VIII.  64,  2  b.  L.  fedoa, 

2  c  (ill.,  65).  L.  Hudsonica,  65,  1  b  (ill.).  L. 
Lapponica,  2  a. 

Limousin  [le-moo-zang],  former  province  of 
France,  X.  486. 


LIMOUSINIAN 


LINGUA 


465 


Limousinian  language,  XI Y.  38,  2  c;  39,  2  b. 
Limpet,  gasteropod  mollusk,  X.  486  (ill.). 
Limpopo,  river  of  Africa,  I.  166,  1  b. 

Limulus  (crustacea),  Y.  448,  1  c;  533,  2  be; 

IX.  838,  1  b.  L.  polyphemus,  2  a. 

Lin'acre,  Thomas,  English  physician,  X.  486. 
Lincoln  [ling'-kun],  sixteen  counties,  X.  487. 
Lincoln,  county  of  Canada,  X.  488. 

Lincoln,  capital  of  Nebraska,  X.  488. 

Lincoln,  county  seat,  X.  575,  1  b. 

Lincoln,  city  of  England,  X.  488.  Cathedral, 
2  c  (ill.,  489)  ;  IY.  119,  1  c;  north  transept 
window  (ill.),  I.  662,  2  b. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  president  of  the  United 
States,  X.  489.  Early  life,  2  a.  In  the  Il¬ 
linois  legislature,  490,  1  c.  In  congress,  2  a. 
The  “  spot  resolutions,”  2  b.  Debates  with 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  2  c,  and  491, 1  b.  Nom¬ 
inated  for  the  presidency,  491,  2  b;  inau¬ 
guration  and  address,  492,  1  a.  Civil  war, 
2  a.  Instructions  to  Mr.  Adams,  2  b.  Gen. 
McClellan  put  in  command  of  the  army,  493, 

1  a ;  his  dilatory  action,  2  ab ;  urged  to  ac¬ 
tivity  by  the  president,  2  b ;  removed,  2  c. 
Emancipation  proclamation,  1  c-2  a.  The 
British  government  permits  the  escape  of 
the  Alabama,  494,  1  a;  notified  that  it  will 
be  held  responsible  for  her  depredations,  ib. ; 
warned  that  its  declared  intention  to  permit 
the  fitting  out  of  iron-clad  rams  “  is  war,” 
ib. ;  recedes,  ib.  Intervention  by  France  on 
behalf  of  the  confederates  repelled,  1  be. 
Writ  of  habeas  corpus  suspended,  1  c;  case 
of  Yallandigham,  2  b.  Colored  soldiers  first 
enlisted,  2  c.  Lincoln’s  address  at  Gettys¬ 
burg,  495,  1  b.  Becognition  of  the  Maxi-' 
milian  government  in  Mexico  refused,  2  b. 
Grant  made  commander-in-chief,  2  c.  Gen. 
McClellan  nominated  for  the  presidency,  496, 

2  a ;  platform  of  the  nominating  convention, 
ib.  Lincoln  reelected,  497,  2  a.  Conference 
with  a  confederate  commission,  498,  1  b. 
Second  inaugural  address,  1  c.  Fall  of  Elch¬ 
in  ond,  2  a.  Assassination  of  President  Lin¬ 
coln,  498,  2  c.  Characterization,  499,  1  b. 

Lincoln,  Benjamin,  American  general,  X.  499. 
Lincoln,  John  Larkin,  American  scholar,  X. 
500. 

Lincoln,  Levi,  American  statesman,  X.  500. 

Levi  (2d),  2  a.  Enoch,  2  b. 

Lincoln’s  Inn  (Inns  of  Court),  IX.  290, 1  a,  2  b. 
Lincoln’s  Inn  Fields ,  London,  X.  594,  2  a. 
Lincolnshire,  county  of  England,  X.  500. 
Lincolnton,  county  seats,  X.  487,  1  c,  2  a. 

30 


Lind  (Goldschmidt),  Jenny,  Swedish  vocalist, 
X.  501. 

Lindau  [lin'-dow],  town  of  Bavaria,  X.  501. 

Linde,  Samuel  Bogumil  [lin'-dSli],  Polish  phi¬ 
lologist,  X.  501. 

Linden,  tree,  X.  501.  Leaves,  flowers,  and 
fruit,  502,  1  b  (ill.).  American  linden,  2  b 
(ill.);  white,  503,  1  a;  European,  ib.  Age 
of,  I.  184,  2  a. 

Linden ,  county  seats,  Y.  710,  1  b;  XI.  153, 
2  ab;  XIII.  311,  1  c. 

Lindisfarne'  (now  Holy  island,  near  the  Fame 
islands),  bishopric  of,  Y.  595,  1  ab ;  IY.  390, 
1  c. 

Lindley,  John,  English  botanist,  X.  503.  His 
botanical  system,  III.  134,  2  b. 

Lindpaintner,  Peter  Joseph  von  [lint'-plnt- 
ner],  German  composer,  X.  503. 

Lindsay,  town  of  Canada,  X.  503. 

Lindsay,  Alexander  William  Crawford,  earl 
of  Crawford  and  Balcarres,  author,  X.  503. 

Lindsay,  Sir  David,  Scottish  poet,  X.  503. 

Lindsey,  Theophilus,  English  theologian,  X.504. 

Line,  origin  of  the  word,  X.  504,  2  b. 

Line,  of  flax,  YII.  265,  1  b. 

Line ,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  671,  2  c;  engrailed, 
672,  1  a;  invected,  &c.,  ib.  (ills.). 

Linea  ileo-pectinea  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  1  b. 

Line  of  defence ,  in  fortification,  YII.  330,  2  b. 

Line  of  lines  (Gunter’s  line),  YIII.  333,  2  c. 

Linen,  X.  504.  Manufacture  of,  2  c ;  in  Euro¬ 
pean  countries,  505,  2c;  in  the  United  States, 
ib.,  and  506, 1  be ;  extent  of  in  Great  Britain, 
505,  2  c.  Use  of  in  paper  making,  XIII.  46, 
1  a.  Linen  fibre,  how  detected,  II.  373, 1  b. 
See  Flax,  VII.  262. 

Lines ,  correction ,  in  surveying,  XY.  492,  1  b. 
Eange  lines,  491,  2  b ;  township,  ib. 

Line  trees ,  in  surveying,  XY.  492,  2  a. 

Lino,  fish,  X.  506  (ilk).  Kock  ling,  2  b.  Fishes 
so  called,  ib.  (see  Burbot)  ;  II.  710,  2  be ; 
YIII.  385,  2  be. 

Ling,  heath,  YIII.  580,  1  a. 

Lino,  Peter  Henrik,  Swedish  poet,  founder  of 
curative  gymnastics,  X.  506. 

Lingaites ,  Hindoo  sect,  IX.  229,  1  a,  2  c. 

Lingam  (phallus),  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Lingard,  John,  English  historian,  X.  507. 

L’lngegno  [leen-ja'-nyo] :  see  Luigi. 

Lingoa  geral  [lee"B/-gwa  zha-ral'],  a  language  in 
Brazil,  III.  217,  2  a. 

Lingua  Franca ,  jargon  spoken  in  the  Levant, 
IX.  457,  1  b;  XL  69,  2  a;  XY.  86,  1  c. 

Lingua  Franco-  Gallica,  degenerate  Latin,  YII. 


466 


LINGUA 


LIST 


401,  2  be.  Franco-Romana,  ib.  Gallica  or 
Gallicana,  2  b.  Italica,  IX.  455,  2  c.  Ro- 
mana,  456,  1  a ;  XIV.  400,  1  b ;  comp.  VII. 
401,  2  be.  Rustica,  VII.  401,  2  a,  c ;  X.  192, 
1  b ;  XIV.  400,  1  b. 

Lingua  Siciliana ,  early  Italian,  IX.  456,  1  a. 

Linguat'ula  (epizoa),  VI.  694,  2  ab.  L.ferox,2  b. 

Linguistics ,  science  of,  X.  146,  2  a. 

Lin'gula:  see  Brachiopoda,  III.  177,  2  b,  c; 
178, 1  b-c ;  VII.  342,  2  c.  L.  anatina  (ill.),  ib. 

Liniments,  medicinal  preparations,  XV.  139, 1  b. 

Linimentum  colds ,  carron  oil,  X.  513,  2  be; 
XII.  605,  2  a. 

Linkoping  [lin-cho'-ping],  Sweden,  X.  507. 

Linley,  Thomas,  English  composer,  X.  507. 
William,  composer,  2  c. 

Linlinth'gow,  town  of  Scotland,  X.  507.  Ru¬ 
ins  of  palace,  508,  1  a  (ill.). 

Linlithgowshire,  county  of  Scotland,  X.  508. 

Linn,  four  counties,  X.  508. 

Linn ,  county  seat,  XII.  714,  1  b. 

Linn,  John  Blair,  American  poet,  X.  509. 

Linn  Creek,  county  seat,  III.  647,  2  b. 

Linn^e'a,  plant,  X.  509  (ill.). 

Linnaeus,  Carl  von,  Swedish  naturalist,  X.  509. 
His  botanical  system,  511,  2  ab ;  III.  133, 1  c: 
see  Chssalpinus,  540,  2  c.  Number  of  plants 
described  by  him,  131,  2  b.  His  classifica¬ 
tion  of  birds,  XII.  704,  2  b;  of  fishes,  IX. 
159,  2  a ;  of  insects,  VI.  659,  1  b ;  of  mam¬ 
mals,  XI.  80,  1  a ;  of  mollusca,  50,  1  b ;  of 
reptiles,  VIII.  692,  2  ab.  Division  of  the 
human  race,  VI.  753,  2  b.  Description  of 
the  dionsea,  122,  2  be.  On  the  voracity  of 
the  blue-bottle  fly,  VII.  294,  2  c.  His  plan 
for  making  pearls,  XIII.  213,  2  b. — Elizabeth 
Christina,  naturalist,  X.  511,  2  c. 

Linnell,  John,  English  painter,  X.  511. 

Linnet,  bird,  X.  512.  Brown  linnet,  1  b  (ill.). 
Lesser  red-poll  linnet,  2  a  (ill.). 

Lin'neus ,  county  seat,  X.  508,  2  c. 

Linoka-noka ,  a  region  of  Africa,  I.  165,  2  c. 

Linota  (ornithology),  X.  512,  1  a.  L.  canna- 
bina,  1  b  (ill.).  L.  montana,  2  a. 

Linseed  Oil,  X.  513.  Drying  of,  XII.  771, 1  b. 

Linter-colo ,  a  variety  of  violin,  XVI.  367,  1  a. 

Linton,  William,  English  painter,  X.  513. 

Linton,  William  James,  engraver,  X.  514. 
Eliza  (Lynn),  author,  1  b. 

Lintz :  see  Linz. 

Linum  (botany),  X.  514.  L.  grandiflorum,  2  a 
(ill.).  L.  perenne,  L.  Berlandieri,  L.  flavum, 
ib.  L.  usitatissimum,  VII.  262,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Linz  [lints],  town  of  Austria,  X.  514. 


Lion,  animal,  X.  514.  African  lion,  2  c  (ill., 
515).  Skeleton  of  the  lion  (ill.),  515.  Liv¬ 
ingstone’s  characterization  of,  516, 1  b.  Asi¬ 
atic  variety,  2  a.  Fossil  lion,  2  b. 

Lion ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  b.  (See  plate.) 
LAon ,  golfe  du  [gulf  du  le-ong]:  see  Lyons, Gulf  of. 
Lion  ant :  see  Ant  Lion. 

Lipans,  Indian  tribe,  X.  516 ;  I.  579,  2  c. 
Lip'ara:  see  Lipari,  X.  517,  1  c. 

Lipari  [le'-pa-re],  volcanic  islands,  Italy,  X. 

517.  Town,  1  c  (view). 

Lipar'idoe  (entomology),  XI.  868,  2  b. 

Lip'aris  (ichthyology),  X.  714,  1  a.  L.  com¬ 
munis,  1  ab. 

Lipetzk  [le-petsk'j,  town  of  Russia,  X.  517. 
Lipona,  Countess ,  pseudonyme,  III.  26,  2  b. 
Lippe  [lip'-peh],  German  principality,  X.  517. 
Lippe-Detmold :  see  Lippe. 

Lippemund  (Wesel),  town,  XVI.  556,  1  b. 
Lippersheim,  Hans  [lip'-perce-hime],  supposed 
inventor  of  the  telescope,  XV.  622,  2  c. 
LlPPE-ScnATTMBURG  !  See  ScnAUMBURG-LlPPE. 
Lippi,  Fra  Filippo,  Italian  painter,  X.  517. 

Filippino,  painter,  518,  1  b. 

Lippia  citriodora  (botany),  XVI.  308,  2  a. 
Lippincott,  Sara  Jane  (Clarke),  American  au¬ 
thoress,  X.  518. 

Lipto,  county  of  Hungary,  X.  518. 

Liquation ,  sweating  process,  I.  336,  1  a. 
Liquidambar,  tree,  X.  518  (ill.);  II.  249,  2  c. 
Liquorice  [lik'-ur-is],  medicinal  article,  X.  519. 
Plant,  1  b  (ill.).  Spanish  juice,  ball  liquor¬ 
ice,  519,  1  c;  adulterations  of,  2  a. 

Liquor  ferri  nitratis  [li'-kwur],  XII.  464,  1  c; 

hydrargyri  nitratis,  2  a. 

Liquor  potasses,  XIII.  757,  1  b. 

Liquor  sanguinis,  II.  729,  2  b;  IX.  276,  1  c. 
Liria  and  Xerica,  duke  of,  II.  586,  2  be. 
Lirioden' dron  tulipifera  (botany),  XVI.  27,  2  a 

(m.). 

Lis,  ancient  fortifications,  IX.  355,  1  a. 

Lisbon,  capital  of  Portugal,  X.  520  (view). 
History,  521,  2  c. 

Lisieux  [le-ze-uh],  city  of  France,  X.  522. 
Lisle,  city :  see  Lille. 

Lisle,  Guillaume  de  [dhh  leel],  French  geog¬ 
rapher,  X.  522.  Joseph  Nicolas,  astrono¬ 
mer,  2  a. 

L’Islet  [le-la],  county  of  Canada,  X.  522. 
Lissa,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  522. 

Lissa,  island,  Dalmatia,  X.  522. 

Lissotriton  punctatus  (zoology),  VI.  449, 1  a  (ill.). 
List,  Friedrich,  German  political  economist,  X. 
522 ;  XIII.  678,  1  c. 


LISTENER 


LIVER 


467 


Listener:  see  Penance,  XIII.  244,  2  c. 

Lister ,  Dr.  (Martin,  1638-1711,  author  of 
works  on  conchology,  &c.),  geological  views 
of,  VII.  688,  1  b. 

Lister,  Thomas  Henry,  English  author,  X.  523. 
Liston,  John,  actor,  X.  523.  "Wife  of,  actress 
and  singer,  1  c. 

Liszt,  Franz  [list],  Hungarian  pianist  and  com¬ 
poser,  X.  523 ;  XII.  93,  2  c.  See  Agoult, 
countess  de,  I.  190,  1  b. 

Lila' nice  majo'res ,  in  the  Catholic  church,  XIV. 
386,  2  a. 

Lit' any :  see  Liturgy,  X.  534,  2  a. 

Litchfield,  county,  X.  524. 

Litchfield,  town  of  Connecticut,  X.  524. 
Litchfield ,  county  seats,  VIII.  182,  1  b;  XI. 
356,  2  c. 

Litchfield  observatory,  at  Hamilton  college,  VIII. 
425,  1  b. 

Litchi,  fruit,  X.  525  (ill.). 

Literary  club ,  London,  IX.  667,  1  a. 

Literary  fund ,  English,  foundation  of,  XV. 
535,  1  be. 

Lith'arge  :  see  Lead,  X.  245, 1  b ;  260, 1  ab,  c. 
Lithgow,  William,  Scottish  traveller,  X.  525. 
Lithia,  oxide  of  lithium,  X.  525. 

Lithic  acid ,  VIII.  174,  1  a. 

Lithika ,  Orphic  composition,  XII.  711,  1  b. 
Lithium,  metal,  X.  525. 

Lithobius  (crustacea),  VI.  372,  2  b  (ill.).  L. 

fortificatus,  IV.  203,  2  a. 

Litho'des  (crustacea),  V.  451,  1  c.  L.  arctica, 
XV.  267,  1  ab. 

Lithod'omus  lithoph'agus  (mollusca),  XV.  400, 
2  b. 

Lithofracteur  [Fr.  le-to-frak-tur],  an  explosive, 
VII.  36,  1  b ;  37,  2  be. 

Lithographic  hand  press ,  X.  527,  1  be. 
Lithographic  stones ,  X.  526,  1  c. 

Lithog'rapiiy,  X.  526.  Invention  of,  1  ab. 
Method,  1  c.  Lithographic  printing,  527, 1  b. 
History,  2  a.  Chrorno- lithography,  2  c. 
Photo-lithography,  528,  1  c. 

Lithology  :  see  Rocks. 

Lith'omancy ,  method  of  divination,  VI.  154, 1  ab. 
Lithosper'mum  arven'se  (botany),  XVI.  587, 1  c. 
LiTnoT'oMY:  see  Stone,  Calculi,  and  Colot, 
Laurent. 

Lith'otripsy ,  for  curing  the  stone,  XV.  398, 
,  2  a ;  399,  1  ab. 

Lithot'rity ,  for  curing  the  stone,  XV.  399,  1  a. 

Originator  of,  1  b :  see  Civiale,  IV.  617,  2  c. 
Litiiua'nia,  territory  of  eastern  Europe,  X. 
530.  History,  2  a.  Lithuanian  language,  2  be. 


Lithuanians:  see  Lithuania,  and  X.  374,  1  a. 

Lit  de  justice  [le  duh  zhiis-teece] :  see  Bed  of 
Justice,  II.  445,  2  b. 

Litmus,  coloring  matter,  X.  531.  Litmus  paper, 
1  c.  See  Archil,  I.  650,  2  c,  651,  1  a. 

Litorale :  see  Littorale. 

Litta,  Pompeo,  count,  Italian  historian,  X.  531. 

Little ,  Thomas ,  Esq.,  pseudonyme,  XI.  803,  2  a. 

Little  Britain  (Brittany),  VIII.  183,  1  a. 

Littledale,  Richard  Frederick,  Irish  clergy¬ 
man,  X.  531. 

uLittle  ease:  ”  see  Torture,  XV.  815,  1  b. 

Little  Falls,  town  of  New  York,  X.  531. 

Little  Falls ,  county  seat,  XI.  847,  1  b. 

Little  giant ,  popular  sobriquet  of  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  VI.  227,  2  c. 

uLittle  go ,”  examination  in  Cambridge  univer¬ 
sity,  III.  645,  1  a;  XII.  766,  1  b. 

Littlejohn,  Abram  Newkirk,  American  bish¬ 
op,  X.  532. 

Little  joker,  in  euchre,  VI.  769,  1  c. 

“ Little  peacock ,”  so  styled,  VIII.  691,  2  c. 

Little  people :  see  Fairies,  VII.  641,  2  b. 

Little  River,  county,  X.  532. 

Little  Rock,  capital  of  Arkansas,  X.  532  (ill., 
state  capitol). 

Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor ,  religious  order,  XI. 
732,  1  b. 

Little  Thibet :  see  Bulti. 

Littleton,  Sir  Thomas,  English  jurist,  X.  533. 

Little  Traverse,  county  seat,  VI.  583,  2  b. 

Little  wights:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  c. 

Littorale  [lit-to-ra'-leh],  province  of  Austria, 
X.  533. 

Littoral  Province :  see  Primorsk. 

Littori'na  (conchology),  XIII.  304.  L.  littorea, 
1  a.  L.  rudis,  1  b  (ills.). 

Littre,  Maximilien  Paul  fimile  [le-tra],  French 
philologist,  X.  533. 

Littkow,  Joseph  Johann  von  [lit'-tro],  German 
astronomer,  X.  534.  Karl  Ludwig  von,  1  b 
(died  1877). 

Lituites  [le-tu'-e-teez],  (zoology),  XII.  712,  1  c. 

Lit'urgy,  X.  534.  Psalmodic  liturgies,  1  c. 
Eucharistic,  2  b.  Protestant,  535,  2  a.  Cop¬ 
tic  :  see  Copts,  V.  333,  1  b. 

Liu  Kiu  [lu  ku] :  see  Loo  Choo. 

Liutprand  [lewt'-prand] :  see  Luitprand. 

Liva  [le'-va] :  see  Vilayet. 

Livadia  [liv-a-de'-a],  town  of  Greece,  X.  536. 

Live-for-ever,  plant,  XIV.  751,  1  c  (ill.). 

Live  Oak,  county,  X.  536. 

Liver,  X.  536  (ills.).  Congestion  of  the :  see 
Congestion,  V.  240,  1  a. 


468 


LIVER 


LOBELIA 


Liver  fluke:  see  Entozoa,  VI.  667,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Liveries:  see  Guild,  VIII.  305,  2  c. 

Liver -leaf,  plant,  VIII.  668,  2  c. 

Livermore,  Abiel  Abbot,  American  clergyman, 
X.  538. 

Liverpool,  borough  and  seaport  of  England, 
X.  538.  St.  George’s  ball,  539,  2  a  (ill.). 
Library  and  museum,  2  b  (ill.)* 

Liverpool,  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  X.  541. 

Liverpool,  New  Brunswick  :  see  Riciiibucto. 

Liverpool,  Charles  Jenkinson,  first  earl  of, 
English  statesman,  X.  541.  Robert  Banks 
Jenkinson,  second  earl  of,  2  b. 

Liver  of  sulphur ,  VII.  35,  2  ab ;  XIII.  7G0,  2  c. 

Liverwort ,  plant  so  styled,  VIII.  668,  2  c. 

Liverworts,  family  of  plants,  X.  542  (ills.). 

Livery ,  to  lie  in :  see  Grant,  VIII.  154,  1  b. 

Livery  company ,  guild,  VIII.  305,  2  c. 

Livery  in  deed ,  X.  544,  1  b. 

Livery  in  law ,  VIII.  154,  2  a;  X.  544,  1,  b. 

Livery  of  Seisin,  in  law,  X.  543  ;  II.  310,  2  a ; 
VI.  738,  1  a;  VII.  161,  2  ab ;  VIII.  154,  2  a. 

Live  sores :  see  Epizoa,  VI.  697,  2  ab. 

Livret  [le-vra'J,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  b. 

Live  spindle :  see  Turning,  XVI.  73,  2  b. 

Livia  Drusilla,  wife  of  Augustus,  X.  544. 

Livingston,  name  of  six  counties,  X.  544. 

Livingston ,  county  seats,  XII.  746,  2  b;  XIII. 
679,  2  a;  XV.  470,  1  a. 

Livingston,  name  of  an  American  family,  X. 
545.  John,  preacher,  2  ab.  Robert,  colo¬ 
nist,  2  b.  Philip,  a  signer  of  the  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  2  c.  William,  states¬ 
man,  546,  1  a.  Brockholst,  soldier  and  ju¬ 
rist,  1  ab.  Robert  R.,  statesman  and  jurist, 
1  be.  Edward,  jurist  and  statesman,  2  ab ; 
his  criminal  code,  547,  1  ab.  John  IT.,  cler¬ 
gyman,  2  a. 

Livingston  manor,  tract  of  land,  X.  545,  2  b. 

Livingstone,  David  [liv'-ing-stun],  Scottish 
traveller  and  explorer,  X.  547;  I.  170,  2  c. 

Livius  Andronicus :  see  Andp.onicus,  Livius, 
and  X.  193,  1  a. 

Livonia,  government  of  Russia,  X.  549. 

Livorno  [le-vor'-no] :  see  Leghorn. 

Livre  [le'-ver] :  see  Franc. 

Livre  du  tresor  [leevr’  dii  tra-zor],  early  philo¬ 
sophical  compilation,  X.  201,  1  c.  Allusion 
to  the  mariner’s  compass,  ib. 

Livrets  [le-vra],  (service  books),  suppression 
of,  III.  53,  1  a. 

Livry,  Emma  [le-vre],  French  dancer,  X.  549. 

Liv'y  (Livius  Andronicus):  see  Andronicus, 
Livius. 


Livy  (Titus  Livius),  Roman  historian,  X.  550 ; 
196,  1  ab. 

Liz'ard,  reptile,  X.  550.  Family  of  lizards, 
551,  1  a.  Pleodonts,  2  a.  Coelodonts,  2  b. 
Green  lizard,  552,  1  ab  (ill.).  Skeleton  of, 
.  V.  174,  1  c.  Flying  lizard:  see  Flying 
Dragon,  VI.  239,  1  a;  deified  in  Congo,  V. 
240,  2  c. 

Lizard’s-tail,  plant,  X.  552  (ill.). 

Lla'ma  [Sp.  lya'-ma],  animal,  X.  552  (ill.). 
Llanel'ly  [Welsh,  thla-neth'-le],  seaport  of 
Wales,  X.  554. 

Llaneros,  the  [lya-na'-roce],  of  Colombia,  V. 
87,  1  ab. 

Llano  [lya'-no],  county,  X.  554. 

Llano ,  county  seat,  X.  554,  1  c. 

Llano  Estacado  [es-ta-ka'-do],  plain,  New  Mex¬ 
ico  and  Texas,  XII.  317,  2  b ;  XV.  670,  2  b. 
Llanos  [lya'-noce],  grassy  plains,  VIII.  548,  2  c ; 
III.  764,  2  be. 

LLANQumuE  [lyan-ke'-wa],  province  of  Chili, 
X.  554.  Lake,  2  a. 

LleweVlyn,  prince  of  Wales,  XVI.  427,  2  c. 
Llobregat  [lyo-bra-gat'J,  river  of  Spain,  II. 
303,  2  a,  1  c. 

Lloeente,  Don  Juan  Antonio  [lyo-rain'-ta], 
Spanish  author,  X.  554.  “  History  of  the 

Spanish  Inquisition,”  555,  1  a. 

Lloyd,  Henry  [loid],  English  soldier,  X.  555. 
Lloyd,  Dr.,  experiments  of  in  double  refrac¬ 
tion,  X.  451,  2  a. 

Lloyd’s,  X.  555.  “Lloyd’s  List,”  2  b.  Aus- 
rian  Lloyd’s,  ib. ;  XV.  864,  1  ab.  North 
German  Lloyd’s,  X.  555,  2  c ;  III.  248,  1  be. 
LoAcn,  fish,  X.  555  (ill.). 

Loadstone,  magnetic  iron  ore :  see  Iron  Ores, 
IX.  409,  2  a  (magnetite). 

Loan,  in  law,  X.  556.  Rights  of  the  borrower, 
1  c ;  of  the  lender,  2  c. 

Loanda,  St.  Paul  de :  see  St.  Paul  de  Loanda. 
Loango  [lo-ang'-go],  African  kingdom,  X.  557. 
Lob,  lake,~Vl\l.  60,  1  c ;  XVI.  66,  2  b  (Lob-nor). 
Lobau  [lo'-bow],  island,  Danube,  X.  557,  2  c. 
Lobau,  Georges  Mouton,  count  de  [luh-bo], 
French  soldier,  X.  557. 

Lobb,  a  preparation  in  brewing,  III.  260,  2  c. 
Lobeip.a,  Vasco  de  [lo-ba'-e-ra],  Portuguese 
writer,  X.  558. 

Lobel,  Matthias,  Flemish  botanist,  X.  558 ; 

III.  132,  1  be  (Lobelius). 

Lobelia,  genus  of  plants,  X.  558.  L.  cardi- 
nalis,  2  a,  559,  1  be  (ill.).  L.  inflata,  559, 
1  a  (ill.);  as  an  emetic,  1  b;  VI.  571,  2  b. 
Exotic  lobelias,  X.  559,  1  c. 


LOBELIACE^E 


LOHITA 


469 


Lobelia'cece  (botany),  X.  558,  1  b. 

Lobelic  acid ,  X.  559,  1  b. 

Lobeli'na ,  volatile  liquid  alkaloid,  X.  559,  1  b. 

Lobelius  :  see  Lobel  (Index). 

Zofoj^pob'-e-peez],  (ornithology),  XIII.  380,1c. 

Loblolly ,  tree,  XIII.  524,  2  a. 

Loblolly  Bay,  slirub,  X.  559  (ill.). 

Lobo,  Jeronimo,  Portuguese  missionary,  X.560. 

Lobos  Islands  [lo'-boce],  Peru,  X.  560. 

Lobster,  X.  560.  American,  2  b  (ill.) ;  spiny, 
562,  1  be.  Lobster  fishery,  562,  1  a.  See 
Crustacea,  V.  533,  1  b. 

Lob'ule ,  in  anatomy,  X.  537,  1  b ;  721,  2  a. 

Lobus  quadratics  (anatomy),  X.  536,  2  c. 

Lob-Worm,  X.  562  (ill.) ;  VI.  218,  1  c. 

Loch  [lokh],  XIV.  698,  2  b.  Sea  loch,  2  be. 

Lock,  X.  562.  Spring  locks,  2  b  (ills.).  Tum¬ 
bler  locks,  2  c  (ills.).  Permutation  and  com¬ 
bination  dial  locks,  564,  1  b  (ills.). 

Loch ,  canal ,  construction  of,  III.  680,  2  a  (ill.). 
Lift  lock  (ill.),  681.  Weigh  lock,  2  b  (ill.). 

Lock,  Matthew,  English  composer,  X.  565. 

Locke,  David  Ross,  American  satirist,  X.  565. 

Locke,  John,  English  philosopher,  X.  566. 
His  “  Essay  on  the  Human  Understanding,” 
2  b ;  567,  1  be,  2  b.  His  views  concerning 
heat,  Y.  377,  2  c ;  VIII.  567,  2  a.  Scheme 
of  government  for  the  Carolinas,  X.  566, 
2  b;  XII.  495,  2  b  ;  XVI.  151,  2  c.  Referred 
to,  XIV.  809,  1  a.  On  political  economy, 
XIII.  667,  1  ab.  See  Philosophy,  XIII. 
440,  2  c. 

Locked  Jaw  :  see  Tetanus,  XV.  666,  1  c ; 
XII.  239,  1  a. 

Locker,  Frederick,  English  poet,  X.  568. 

Lockhart ,  county  seat,  III.  577,  1  c. 

Lockhart,  John  Gibson,  Scottish  author,  X. 
568. 

Lock  Haven,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  X.  569. 

Lockout :  see  Trades  Union,  XV.  835,  2  a. 

Lockport,  city  of  New  York,  X.  569. 

Lockroy,  Joseph  Philippe  [liik-rwa],  French 
dramatist,  X.  569. 

Lockyer,  Joseph  Norman,  English  astronomer, 
X.  569. 

Locle  [lok’l],  town  of  Switzerland,  X.  569. 

Locomotive  Engine  :  see  Steam  Carriage. 

Locri,  or  Locri  Epizephyrii,  ancient  city  of 
Italy,  X.  570 ;  XVI.  803,  1  c. 

Locri  Epicnemidii  and  Opuntii :  see  Locris. 

Locris,  territory  of  ancient  Greece,  X.  570. 

Locksburgh,  county  seat,  XIV.  789,  2  a. 

Locust,  insect,  X.  570  (ill.,  571).  See  Rocky 
Mountain  Locust. 


Locust,  tree,  X.  571.  Common  locust,  2  c; 

clammy,  2  a ;  moss,  572,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Locusta  (entomology),  X.  570,  2  b.  L.  rnigra- 
toria,  571,  1  a  (ill.). 

Locus' tadee  (entomology),  VIII.  169,  2  b;  X. 
570,  2  b. 

Locust  mite,  XIV.  374,  1  b  (ill.). 

Locust  mountain  coal  Jield ,  I.  552,  2  a. 

Lodeve  [luh-daiv],  town  of  France,  X.  572. 
Lodge,  Thomas,  English  author,  X.  572. 

Lodi  [lo'-de],  town  of  Italy,  X.  572. 

Ltodoicea  Sechella'rum  [lo-do-i'-se-a]  (botany), 
XI.  293,  1  be ;  XIII.  20,  2  a. 

Lodoiska  [lo-do-is'-ka],  a  noted  beauty :  see 
Louvet  de  Couvray. 

Lodomeria,  principality  of  Vladimir,  X.  573. 
Kingdom  of  Galicia  and  Lodomeria,  VII. 
564,  1  be ;  565,  1  c. 

Lodz,  town  of  Poland,  X.  573. 

Loffo'den,  group  of  islands,  Norway,  X.  573. 

Maelstrom,  2  be. 

Lofoten :  see  Loffoden. 

Loftus,  William  Kennett,  English  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  X.  573. 

Log  and  Log  Line,  X.  574;  XII.  181,  1  a. 

Substitutes  for  the  log,  2  a. 

Logan,  name  of  five  counties,  X.  574. 

Logan,  county  seats,  III.  532,  2  c ;  VIII.  752, 1  c. 
Logan,  Indian  chief,  X.  575.  Monument  of, 
II.  100,  2  a.  Referred  to,  V.  221,  2  a. 
Logan,  James,  American  author,  X.  575. 

George,  statesman,  2  c. 

Logan,  John,  Scottish  author,  X.  576. 

Logan,  Sir  William  Edmond,  Canadian  geolo¬ 
gist,  X.  576. 

“  Logan  act,”  X.  576,  1  ab. 

Loganian  library,  Philadelphia,  X.  575,  2  c. 
Logansport,  city  of  Indiana,  X.  576. 

Logan  stones ,  X.  141,  2  c. 

Logarithms,  X.  577.  Tables  of,  2  c. 

Log  cock,  bird,  XVI.  709,  2  c. 

Logging  stones,  X.  141,  2  c. 

Logic,  science  of  reasoning,  X.  578.  Syllo¬ 
gisms,  579,  1  a.  Fallacies,  2  b.  Systems  of 
logic,  580,  1  ab,  ff. 

Log  line :  see  Log. 

Logog'raphy,  in  printing,  XVI.  443,  2  b. 
LogroRo  [lo-gro'-nvo],  province  of  Spain,  X. 
583.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Logwood,  dyewood,  X.  583.  Logwood  tree, 
2  c  (ill.,  584). 

Loher,  Franz  von,  German  author,  X.  584. 
Lohita  [lo-he'-ta],  wild  Indo-Chinese  tribes, 
IX.  252,  2  c. 


470 


LOIDIS 


LONG 


Loidis  (Leeds),  city,  311,  2  c. 

Loir  [lwar],  river  of  France,  X.  584. 

Loir,  fat  dormouse,  YI.  216,  1  c. 

Loire  [lwar],  river  of  France,  X.  584.  Canal 
lateral  a  la  Loire,  585,  1  a.  Lev6e  of  the, 
VII.  367,  2  ab. 

Loire,  department  of  France,  X.  585. 

Loire,  Haute :  see  IIaute-Loire. 

Loir-et-Ciier  [-a-shair],  department,  X.  585. 
LoiRE-lNFfeRiEURE  [-ang-fa-re-ur],  X.  585. 
Loiret  [lwa-ra],  department,  X.  585. 

Loison,  Pierre  [-zoDg],  French  sculptor,  X.  586. 
Loja  [lo'-kha],  city  of  Ecuador,  X.  586. 

Loja,  town  of  Spain,  X.  586. 

LoTcanga,  musical  instrument,  X.  812,  1  a. 
Lo'keren,  town  of  Belgium,  X.  586. 

Loki,  in  Norse  mythology,  II.  237,  2  a;  XII. 
119,  2  c. 

Lokman,  Arabian  fabulist,  X.  586. 

Lokono :  see  Arrawaks. 

Lola  cabinet ,  so  styled,  XII.  587,  1  b. 

Lola  Montez,  countess  of  Landsfeld,  X.  586. 
Loli'go  (mollusca)  :  see  Squid,  XY.  294,  1  c. 

L.  illecebrosa,  2  a.  L.  vulgaris,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Lolium  temulentum  (botany),  V.  691, 1  c  (ill.)  ; 

YIII.  167,  1  c.  L.  perenne,  168,  2  b. 
Lollards,  X.  587.  Persecution  of  them  by 
Henry  IY.  of  England,  YIII.  644,  2  b ;  by 
Henry  Y.,  645,  1  c ;  by  Henry  YII.,  648,  1  c. 
Lolli,  Antonio,  Italian  violinist,  X.  587. 
Filippo,  2  ab. 

Loloku ,  a  Feejee  custom,  YII.  112,  1  c. 

F  Olonnais,  Francois  [lo-lun-na],  buccaneer, 
III.  375,  2  a,  b. 

Lolos ,  aborigines  in  S.  China,  IX.  253,  2  a. 
Lomba,  disease,  IY.  34,  1  ab. 

Lombard,  Peter,  Italian  theologian,  X.  587. 

See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  811,  1  a. 
Lombard  architecture ,  I.  661, 1  b ;  662,  1  c-2  a. 
Lombard  league,  1168,  I.  274,  2  a. 

Lombard  university ,  YII.  564, 1  a  (Galesburg). 
Lombards,  Germanic  people,  IX.  449,  1  be. 
See  Lombardy,  X.  588,  2  ab.  Lombard 
bankers  or  money  lenders,  XIII.  197,  1  b. 
Origin  of  the  name,  X.  588,  2  ab ;  II.  421, 1  a. 
Lombar'dus,  Petrus :  see  Lombard,  Peter. 
Lom'bardy,  division  of  Italy,  X.  587.  His¬ 
tory,  2  a. 

Lombok',  island,  Indian  archipelago,  X.  589. 
Lomenie,  Louis  Leonard  de  [dull  liih-ma-ne], 
French  author,  X.  589. 

Lomenie  de  Brienne ,  Louis,  count,  cardinal, 
and  prime  minister,  X.  589,  2  a ;  662,  1  c ; 
III.  284,  1  b. 


Lo'mond,  Loch,  lake  of  Scotland,  X.  589. 
Lomono'soff,  Mikhail,  Eussian  poet,  X.  589. 
Lomza,  government  of  Russia,  X.  590.  Town, 
1  b. 

London  [lun'-dun],  metropolis  of  Great  Britain, 
X.  590  (map).  Population  and  divisions, 
1  c.  Bridges,  592,  1  a.  Thames  embankv 
ments,  1  c.  Streets,  2  b.  Trafalgar  square, 
594,  2  be  (ill.,  595).  Squares,  596,  1  be. 
Parks,  2  c.  Albert  memorial,  597,  1  a  (ill., 
596).  Places  of  worship,  2  b ;  St.  Paul’s 
cathedral,  599, 1  c  (ill.) ;  Westminster  abbey, 
600,  1  a  (ill.).  Religious  associations,  2  c. 
Charities,  ib.  Hospitals  and  asylums,  601, 

1  c.  Improved  dwellings,  603,  1  b.  Edu¬ 
cation,  2  b.  Libraries,  604,  2  ab.  Learned 
societies,  2  be.  Museums,  605, 1  b.  Picture 
galleries,  2  c.  Monuments,  606,  2  a.  Amuse¬ 
ments,  2  c.  Clubs,  607,  2  b.  Palaces,  608, 

2  be ;  Buckingham  palace,  2  c  (ill.,  609). 
Houses  of  parliament,  609,  2  a  (ill.,  610). 
Government  buildings,  610,  2  c;  Somerset 
house,  611,  1  a  (ill.).  Courts  and  prisons, 
611,  1  b. — Government,  612,  1  a.  Police, 
2  a;  XIII.  660,  2  c.  Tower,  X.  612,  2  be 
(ill.,  613).  Markets,  613,  1  c.  Port,  614, 

1  b  ;  docks,  &c.,  2  a.  Custom  house,  mint, 
gas,  615, 1  a.  Banks,  1  c.  Royal  exchange, 

2  a  (ill.).  Business  activity,  ib.  Commerce, 
2  c.  Manufactures,  616,  1  a.  Telegraph 
and  post  office,  1  b.  Intercommunication, 
2  a.  Sewerage,  617,  2  b.  Water  supply, 
618,  1  a.  Cemeteries,  1  be.  Temperature, 
1  c.  Mortality,  2  a. — History,  2  be.  The 
great  fire,  619,  2  a;  Y.  235,  2  c.  Historical 
associations,  X.  619,  2  c. 

London,  city  of  Canada,  X.  620. 

London,  county  seat,  X.  820,  2  c. 
Londonderry,  county  of  Ireland,  X.  620. 

Capital  city,  2  c  (view,  621). 

Londonderry,  Robert,  second  marquis  of:  see 
Castlereagh.  Charles  William  Stewart 
Yane,  third  marquis  of,  X.  621,  2  c. 

London  monument,  X.  606,  2  a;  Y.  235,  2  c. 

Original  inscription  on  it,  236,  1  a. 

London  Pride,  plant,  X.  622  (ill.). 

London  and  Plymouth  companies,  for  coloniz¬ 
ing  America,  XYI.  150,  1  c. 

London  stone ,  ancient  terminus,  X.  619,  1  a. 
London  university,  Y.  58,  1  c ;  III.  664,  2  c. 
Lone  Tree ,  county  seat,  XI.  412,  1  c. 

“  Long ,”  in  stock  dealings,  XY.  338,  1  c. 

Long,  George,  English  scholar,  X.  622. 

Long,  Roger,  English  clergyman,  X.  622. 


LONG 


LOPHOPHANUS 


471 


Long,  Stephen  Harriman,  American  engineer, 
X.  622. 

Longan ,  fruit,  X.  525,  1  c. 

Longbow ,  I.  648,  2  b  (ill.). 

Long  Branch,  village,  New  Jersey,  X.  623. 
Longciiamps  [long-shang],  promenade,  Paris,  X. 
623;  III.  154,  1  b.  Monastery  of,  alluded 
to,  ib. 

Long  claw ,  fish,  XIY.  225,  2  b. 

Longet,  Francois  Achille  [long-zha],  French 
physician,  X.  623. 

Longevity:  see  Age,  I.  181,  2  a.  Antedilu¬ 
vian,  2  b;  comparative,  182,  1  a.  Highest 
attained  limit,  1  b.  Whether  artificially  at¬ 
tainable,  2  a. 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth,  American 
poet,  X.  623.  His  house  (Washington’s 
headquarters),  III.  642,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  XYI.  198, 
1  c,  196,  2  c,  199,  2  a. 

Long  field  off,  in  cricket,  Y.  482,  1  b  (diagram) ; 
long  field  on,  ib. 

Longford,  county  of  Ireland,  X.  624. 

Long  Friday :  see  Good  Friday,  YIII.  101, 1  a. 
Longhi,  Giuseppe  [lon'-ghe],  Italian  engraver, 

X.  624. 

Longi'nus,  Dionysius  Cassius,  Greek  critic  and 
statesman,  X.  624. 

Long  Island,  New  York,  X.  625.  Battle  of, 
626,  1  c. 

Long  Island ,  Bermudas,  II.  568,  2  b. 

Long  Island  City,  New  York,  X.  627. 

Long  Island  Sound,  X.  627. 

Longitude,  in  geography,  X.  627 ;  IY.  759, 
1  c ;  XII.  181,  6  c. 

Longland,  Robert :  see  Langlande. 

Long  leg ,  in  cricket,  V.  482,  1  b  (diagram). 
Longmaid's  process ,  in  copper  smelting,  Y. 
326,  1  c. 

Longman,  Thomas,  English  publisher,  X.  628. 

Thomas  (2d),  2  c.  Thomas  Norton,  629,  1  a. 
Long  moss ,  I.  228,  2  b ;  used  for  mattresses,  ib. 
See  Tillandsia,  XY.  754,  1  a.  Preparation 
and  uses  of,  1  c. 

Longobards  :  see  Lombardy,  X.  588,  2  b. 
Long  parliament ,  YI.  613,  1  c.  See  Crom¬ 
well.  Intolerance  of,  II.  626,  1  a-c. 

Long  Prairie ,  county  seat,  XY.  787,  1  a. 
LongsMps ,  dangerous  rocks  on  the  English 
coast,  X.  141,  2  c. 

Long  slip ,  in  cricket,  Y.  482,  1  b  (diagram). 
Long's  peak ,  Rocky  mountains,  X.  623,  1  a ; 

Y.  100,  1  a ;  XIV.  376,  2  b. 

Long  stop ,  in  cricket,  Y.  482,  1  b  (diagram). 
Longstreet,  James,  American  soldier,  X.  629. 


Longstreet,  William,  American  inventor,  X. 

629.  Augustus  Baldwin,  author,  630,  1  b. 
Long  tom ,  in  gold  washing,  YIII.  82,  2  c. 
Longton,  town  of  England,  X.  630. 

Longueil ,  baron  de  [long-guhy’] :  see  Le  Moyne, 
X.  337,  2  c. 

Longue  Pointe  [longg  pwangt],  county  seat,  YIII. 
751,  2  c. 

Longueville,  Anne  Genevieve  de  Bourbon, 
duchess  de  [longg-veel],  French  politician,  X. 
630  ;  173,  2  ab. 

Longus,  Greek  sophist,  X.  631. 

Long-wall  working ,  in  mining,  XI.  572,  2  c ; 

574,  2  a.  Referred  to,  Y.  70,  1  be. 
Longwood ,  St.  Helena,  XIY.  532,  1  ab,  c. 
Longworth,  Nicholas,  American  horticulturist, 
X.  631. 

Longwy  [long-ve],  town  of  France,  X.  631. 
Lonice'ra  (botany),  YIII.  795,  2  c.  L.  semper- 
virens,  796,  1  a  (ill.),  &c. 

Lonnrot,  Elias,  Finnish  philologist,  X.  631. 
Lonoke',  county,  X.  631. 

Lonoke ,  county  seat,  X.  631,  2  b. 
Lons-le-Saulnier  [l6ng-lu.h-so-nya],  town  of 
France,  X.  631. 

Loo  Choo  Islands,  North  Pacific,  X.  631. 
Loogen  [lo'-ghen] :  see  Lead,  X.  245,  2  c. 
Lookout',  Cape  :  see  Cape  Lookout. 

Look' out  mountain ,  battle  of,  IY.  339,  2  a. 
Loom,  X.  632.  See  Weaving,  and  Power  loom 
(Index). 

Loomis,  Elias,  American  mathematician,  X. 
633;  XI.  11,  2  b. 

Loon,  bird:  see  Diver,  YI.  152, 1  c.  “Stupid 
as  a  loon,”  2  c.  “  Noisy  as,”  &c.,  ib. 

Looper ,  worm,  IY.  106,  2  ab. 

Loosestrife,  plant:  see  Lysimachia,  and  Lyth- 
rum. 

Lope  de  Yega  [lo'-pa  da  va'-ga] :  see  Vega. 
Lopez,  Carlos  Antonio  [lo'-pace],  president  of 
Paraguay,  X.  633;  XIII.  68,  1  b.  Francisco 
Solano,  X.  633,  2  c. 

Lopez,  Narciso,  Cuban  revolutionist,  X.  634. 

His  expeditions,  635,  1  a;  VII.  188,  1  c. 
Lopez ,  Rodrigo ,  physician  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
executed  for  a  plot  to  poison  her,  YI.  534, 1  c. 
Lophi'odon,  extinct  mammal,  X.  635. 

Lo'phius  (ichthyology),  YIII.  109,  1  c.  I. 

Americanus,  2  b  (ill.).  L.  piscatorius,  110,1  a. 
Lopn'oBRANcns,  order  of  fishes,  X.  635. 
Lophodytes  [lo-fod'-e-teez],  (ornithology),  XI. 

406,  1  c.  L.  cucullatus,  2  a  (ills.). 
Lophoph'anes  bicolor  (ornithology),  XY.  774 
2  b  (ill.).  . 


472 


LOPHOPHORUS 


LOT’S  WIFE 


Lophoph'orus  (ornithology),  XIII.  386,  1  a.  L. 

Impeyanus,  ib.  (ill.,  385). 

Lophop'oda ,  molluscoids,  XI.  724,  2  b. 
Lophori'na  atra  (ornithology),  II.  651,  1  b  (ill.). 
Lophortyx  (ornithology),  XI Y.  126,  2  a.  L. 
Californicus,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Lopho'tes  (ichthyology),  XIY.  306,  2  c.  L. 
cepedianus,  ib. 

Loph'yrus  abie'tis  (entomology),  XIY.  654, 1  ab 
(ill.). 

Loquat ,  tree,  XI.  356,  1  b. 

Lorain',  county,  X.  635. 

Lorca  [lore'-ka],  town  of  Spain,  X.  635. 

Lord,  Nathan,  American  clergyman,  X.  635. 
Lord  Clyde ,  ironclad,  IX.  386,  2  a  (ill.). 

Lord  Fllenborough's  act,  I.  28,  2  c. 

Lord  of  the  fens :  see  Cromwell,  Y.  501,  1  ab. 
Lord  of  the  Isles ,  title,  VIII.  600,  2  c. 

Lord  Iceeper :  see  Chancellor,  IY.  254,  1  a. 
Lord  Lansdowne’s  act :  see  Abortion,  I.  28,  2  c. 
Lord  may  or  of London,  election  of,  VIII.  305, 2  c. 
Lord  of  misrule ,  at  an  English  Christmas,  IY. 

551,  2  a.  Last  appointment  of,  552,  1  ab. 
Lord  privy  seal,  office  of,  referred  to,  XIII. 

552,  1  ab. 

Lords,  House  of:  see  Parliament,  XIII.  113,  lb. 
Lords  of  the  articles,  Scottish,  XIII.  116,  2  c. 
Lord’s  Day,  X.  635.  See  Sunday.  Views  of 
the  Lutheran  church,  X.  733,  1  a. 

Lord’s  Supper,  sacrament,  X.  638. 

Lord  Tenterden’s  act ,  X.  482,  2  c. 

Lorenz  [lo'-rents],  Ottokar,  German  historian, 
X.  641. 

Lorenza  Feliciana,  wife  of  Count  Cagliostro, 
III.  549,  1  a. 

[lo-ren-dze'-ne],  (Lorenzo,  1652-1721, 
incarcerated  for  a  political  offence  1681-1701), 
imprisonment  of,  referred  to,  XYI.  407,  2  b. 
Lorenzo  de’  Medici  :  see  Medici,  XI.  343,  1  c. 
Lorenzo  the  Magnificent :  see  Lorenzo  de’  Medi¬ 
ci  (Index). 

Loreto  [lo-ra'-to],  town  of  Italy,  X.  641.  Holy 
house  of,  1  b. 

Loretto :  see  Loreto. 

Loretto,  Pennsylvania,  VII.  583,  1  a. 

Lori,  animal,  X.  641  (ill.). 

Lorient,  or  L’Orient  [lo-re-ang],  France,  X.  642. 
V  Original  [lo-re-zhe-nal],  county  seats,  XIII. 

819,  1  c;  XIY.  474,  2  c. 

Lor'ikeet,  bird,  XIII.  124,  1  a. 

Lorinser,  Karl  Ignaz  [lo'-rin-zer],  German  phy¬ 
sician,  X.  642.  Franz,  theologian,  1  c. 
Lorius  (ornithology),  X.  643,  2  c.  L.  domicel- 
la,  ib. 


Lorme,  Marion  de :  see  Delorme. 

Lome,  marquis  of,  I.  699,  2  a. 

Lorraine',  old  province  of  France,  X.  642. 
Lorraine,  Charles  de,  French  statesman,  X.  643« 
Lorraine,  Claude :  see  Claude  Lorraine. 
Lorraine,  Louise  de,  princess  of  Conti,  referred 
to,  II.  371,  2  c. 

Lortzing,  Albert  Gustav,  German  composer, 
X.  643. 

Lory,  bird,  X.  643.  Papuan  lory,  644,  1  b  (ill.). 
Los  Angeles  [locean'-jeh-less;  Sp.an'-kha-lace], 
county,  X.  644. 

Los  Angeles,  city  of  California,  X.  644. 

Los  Angeles  grape,  I.  420,  2  b. 

Lo'schmidt,  study  of  diffusion  of  gases  by,  XI. 
713,  2  a. 

Los  IIerreros  :  see  Breton  de  los  Herreros. 
Losinger,  Hans  [lo'-zing-er],  supposed  inventor 
of  the  wooden  bellows,  II.  507,  1  c. 

Los  Luceros  [loce  loo-sa'-roce],  county  seat,  XIY. 
338,  2  be. 

Lossing,  Benson  John,  American  author,  X.  644. 
Loss  of  Speech  (aphasia) :  see  Brain,  Diseases 
of  the,  III.  203,  2  b. 

Lot,  X.  645. 

Lot,  son  of  Haran,  X.  645. 

Lot  [lo],  river  of  France,  X.  645. 

Lot,  department  of  France,  X.  645. 

Lota  (ichthyology),  III.  444,  1  be.  L.  vulgarig, 

1  c  (ill.).  L.  compressa,  2  a.  L.  maculosa, 
ib. ;  X.  506,  2  b.  L.  molva,  1  c  (ill.). 

Lotbiniere  [lo-be-nyair],  county,  X.  646. 
Lot-et-Garonne  [lo-a-ga-riin],  department  of 
France,  X.  646. 

“ Lothair ,”  novel,  reputed  hero  of,  III.  488, 1  be. 
Lothaire  I.  [lo-thair'j,  emperor,  X.  646. 
Lothaire  II.  or  III.,  the  Saxon,  emperor,  X.  646. 
Lothaire,  king  of  Lorraine,  X.  642,  2  be.  His 
controversy  with  the  pope,  XII.  429,  1  c. 
Lotharingia  :  see  Lorraine. 

Lothringen  [lo'-tring-en] :  see  Lorraine. 
Lo'throp,  Amy,  pseudonyme,  XYI.  458,  1  b. 
Lotoph'agi ,  lotus-eaters,  X.  649, 1  a.  Supposed 
lotus  of  the,  1  ab;  IX.  709,  2  b. 

Lotos :  see  Lotus,  X.  648,  2  c. 

Lottery,  X.  646 ;  174,  1  b. 

Lotto,  a  Florentine  lottery,  X.  647,  1  ab. 
Lotus,  genus  of  plants,  X.  648.  L.  cornicula- 
tus,  2  be  (ill.).  L.  Jacobseus,  2  c.  L.  arbor, 
649,  1  b.  White  lotus  of  the  Nile,  XYI.  503, 

2  c ;  blue,  ib.,  and  X.  649,  1  c.  Sacred,  ib ., 
and  XYI.  504,  1  c.  See  IX.  709,  2  b. 

Lotus-eaters,  X.  649,  1  a. 

LoVs  wife ,  pillar  of  salt,  Y.  725,  2  c. 


LOTZE 


LOUVAIN 


473 


Lotze,  Rudolf  Ilermann  [lut'-s8h],  German  phi¬ 
losopher,  X.  649. 

Louaillier  [lwa-lya],  arrested  by  Andrew  Jack- 
son,  IX.  491,  1  a. 

Loucheux  [loo-shhh],  Alaskalndians,  IX.  788, 1  a. 

Loudon  [low'-dun],  two  counties,  X.  649. 

London ,  county  seat,  X.  649,  2  c. 

Loudon,  Gideon  Ernst :  see  Laudon. 

Loudon,  John  Claudius,  Scottish  horticultu¬ 
rist,  X.  649.  Jane,  authoress,  650,  1  b. 

Lough,  John  Graham  [luf],  English  sculptor, 
X.  650.  (Died  1876.) 

Loughborough,  town  of  England,  X.  650. 

Loughborough ,  Baron:  see  Wedderburn. 

Louis  I.,  le  Debonnaire  [Fr.  loo-e  luh  da-bun- 
nair],  or  the  Pious,  king  of  the  Franks  and 
emperor  of  the  West,  X.  650. 

Louis  IV.  (d’Outremer),  king  of  France,  X.  651. 

Louis  F,  le  Faineant ,  X.  651,  2  a. 

Louis  VI.,  the  Fat,  fifth  Capetian  king,  X.  651. 

Louis  VIII.,  the  Lion,  X.  651. 

Louis  IX.,  Saint,  X.  652.  Seventh  crusade,  1  c ; 
eighth,  653,  1  a. 

Louis  XI.,  sixth  of  the  house  of  Valois,  X.  653. 
Referred  to,  II.  591,  2  ab. 

Louis  XII. ,  eighth  of  the  house  of  V alois,  X.  654. 

Louis  XIII.,  second  of  the  house  of  Bourbon, 
X.  655. 

Louis  XIV.,  the  Great,  X.  655.  Internal  ad¬ 
ministration,  1  be;  659, 1  be.  Precedence  of 
France  over  Spain  asserted,  656,  2  a.  Quarrel 
with  the  pope,  2  b.  Literature,  science,  and 
the  arts  fostered,  657,  1  b.  Foreign  policy, 
2  a,  ff.  Augustan  age  of  France,  659,  2  a. 
Personal  habits,  2  b.  His  grudge  against  the 
prince  de  Conti,  V.  287,  2  c.  See  France, 
VII.  383,  1  c,  ff. 

Louis  XV.,  X.  660 ;  VII.  384,  1  a. 

Louis  XVI.,  X.  661.  French  revolution,  662, 
2  b.  Compelled  to  assume  the  name  of  Ca¬ 
pet,  III.  752,  1  a.  See  France,  VII.  384, 

1  c,  ff. 

Louis  XVII.,  dauphin  and  titular  king  of 
France,  X.  664. 

Louis  XVIII.,  X.  664 ;  VII.  391,  1  be. 

Louis  I.,  king  of  Bavaria,  X.  665.  Louis  II., 

2  c ;  II.  402,  2  c. 

Louis  IV.,  the  Bavarian,  emperor  of  Germany, 
X.  665  ;  IX.  647,  2  ab. 

Louis  I.,  king  of  Portugal,  XIII.  741,  2  b. 

Louis,  Pierre  Charles  Alexandre,  French  phy¬ 
sician,  X.  666. 

Louisa  [loo-e'-za],  two  counties,  X.  666. 

Louisa ,  county  seat,  X.  230,  2  a. 


Louisa,  queen  of  Prussia,  X.  666.  Platonic 
affection  of  the  czar  for  her,  referred  to,  I. 
281,  2  c. 

Louisa  Court  House ,  county  seat,  X.  666,  2  b. 
Louisa  Ulrica  [ool-re'-ka],  queen  of  Sweden, 
X.  667. 

Louis  of  Baden,  German  soldier,  X.  667.  See 
Baden-Baden,  Ludwig  Wilhelm  I.,  mar¬ 
grave  of. 

Louis  the  Great,  king  of  Hungary :  see  Hun¬ 
gary,  IX.  56,  2  c. 

Louisburg  [loo'-is-burg],  ruined  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  X.  667. 

Louisburg ,  county  seat,  VII.  433,  2  a. 

Louis  D’Or  [loo-e  dor],  coin,  X.  668. 

Louise ,  Princess  [loo-eez'],  wife  of  the  marquis 
of  Lome,  I.  699,  2  a. 

Louisiana,  state,  X.  668.  State  seal  (ill.).  Pop¬ 
ulation,  2  c.  Topography,  669,  2  a.  Hydrog¬ 
raphy,  2  c.  Geology,  670,  2  a.  Climate,  671, 
1  ab.  Diseases,  1  b.  Soil  and  productions, 

1  be.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Commerce,  672, 1  b. 
Intercommunication,  2  a.  Banks,  2  c.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  ib.  Finances,  674, 1  c.  Public  in¬ 
stitutions,  675,  1  c.  Education,  2  b.  Libra¬ 
ries,  &c.,  677,  1  c.  Religious  organizations, 

2  ab. — History,  2  b.  Purchase  of  Louisiana, 
territory,  1  c ;  546,  2  a ;  IX.  594,  2  c;  II. 
299,  1  b;  XI.  762,  1  be.  Boundary  of,  set¬ 
tled  by  treaty,  I.  101,  2  b.  Louisiana  code, 
X.  547,  1  ab.  Secession,  678,  1  b.  Recon¬ 
struction,  679,  1  c. 

Louisiana  grape,  I.  418,  2  ab. 

Louis  Napoleon:  see  Bonaparte,  Napoleon 
III.,  and  France,  VII.  391,  2  b,  ff. 

Louis  of  Nassau,  count,  I.  370,  1  c;  XVI.  636, 

1  b,  be,  c. 

Louis  Philippe,  king  of  the  French,  X.  680. 
Revolution  of  1830,  681,  1  c;  of  1848,  682, 

2  be.  His  reconciliation  with  Lafayette, 
100,  2  be. 

Louisville  [loo'-is-vil;  formerly  loo'-e-vil],  city 
of  Kentucky,  X.  683.  City  hall  (ill.). 
Louisville,  county  seats,  IV.  651,  2  a;  IX.  586, 
2  b;  XIII.  775,  2  c;  XVI.  673,  2  a. 
Louisville  and  Portland  canal,  X.  683,  1  c. 
Loup  [loop],  mass  of  agglutinated  ore,  II.  741, 2  b. 
Loup  cervier  [loo  sair-vya],  (Canada  lynx),  X. 
754,  1  a. 

Lourdes  [loord],  shrine  of,  XIII.  515,  1  a. 
Louse:  see  Epizoa,  VI.  695,  2  c  (ill.,  696). 
Louth  [lowth],  county  of  Ireland,  X.  6S5. 
Loutii,  town  of  England,  X.  685. 

Louvain  [loo-vane],  town  of  Belgium,  X.  685. 


474 


LOTJYEL 


LUCCA 


Town  hall,  2  c  (ill.,  686).  University,  ib. ; 
VI.  413,  1  be;  XYI.  214,  1  b. 

Louvel  [loo-vel] :  see  Berry,  II.  581,  2  b. 

Louvet  de  Couyray,  Jean  Baptiste  [loo-va 
duh  koo-vra],  French  revolutionist,  X.  686. 

Louyiers  [loo-vya],  town  of  France,  X.  686. 

Louvois,  Francois  Michel  Letellier,  marquis  de 
[loo-vwa],  French  statesman,  X.  687. 

Louvre  [loovr1],  public  building  of  Paris,  X. 
687.  Court  of  (ill.),  688.  Louvre  and  Tuile- 
ries  before  1871  (ill.),  XIII.  79,  2  c. 

Lovat,  Simon  Fraser,  lord  [luv'-at],  Scottish 
Jacobite,  X.  689.  His  place  of  concealment, 
IY.  158,  1  b. 

Love  apple  (tomato),  XY.  791,  2  ab. 

Love  bird ,  XIII.  127,  1  a.  Swindern’s,  ib. 

Love  Feasts:  see  Agap^e. 

Love  in  idleness ,  plant,  XYI.  363,  1  a. 

Loveira ,  Vasco  de :  see  Lobeira. 

Lovelace,  Lady  Augusta  Ada :  see  Byron,  III. 
512,  2  a. 

Lovelace,  Richard,  English  poet,  X.  689. 

Love-lies-bleeding ,  plant,  I.  376,  2  b  (ill.). 

Lover,  Samuel,  Irish  author,  X.  689. 

Lovers'  leap ,  origin  of  the  story,  XI Y.  619,  2  c. 

“  Lovers'  war,"  so  styled,  YIII.  655,  1  a,  2  be. 

Lovingston,  county  seat,  XII.  218,  2  c. 

Lovini  [lo-ve'-ne] :  see  Luini. 

Low  Archipelago,  Pacific  ocean,  X.  690. 

Low  Countries  :  see  Netherlands. 

Lowe,  Sir  Hudson,  English  soldier,  X.  690. 

Lowe,  Johann  Karl  Gottfried  [lo'-vSh],  Ger¬ 
man  composer,  X.  691. 

Lowe,  Robert,  English  statesman,  X.  691. 

Lowe,  Sophie,  German  vocalist,  X.  691. 

Lowell,  city  of  Massachusetts,  X.  691. 

Lowell,  family  of  Massachusetts,  X.  693.  Per- 
cival,  its  founder,  1  a.  John,  statesman  and 
jurist,  ib.  John  (2d),  lawyer  and  political 
writer,  1  c.  Francis  Cabot,  merchant,  2  a; 
Y.  413,  1  a;  IX.  494, 1  be.  John,  jr.,  foun¬ 
der  of  the  Lowell  institute,  X.  693,  2  ab. 
Charles,  clergyman,  2  c.  Mary:  see  Put¬ 
nam,  Mary  Lowell.  Robert  Traill  Spence, 
clergyman  and  author,  694, 1  a.  James  Rus¬ 
sell,  poet,  1  b;  XYI.  198,  2  a,  200,  1  be. 
Maria  (White),  poet,  X.  694,  2  c. 

Loioell  institute ,  X.  693,  2  c. 

Lower,  Richard,  English  physician,  X.  695. 

Lower  California  company ,  III.  615,  2  a. 

Lower  Canada :  see  Quebec,  province. 

Lower  Empire  :  see  Byzantine  Empire. 

Lowestoft  [lo'-stoft],  town  of  England,  X.  695. 

Lowlanders:  see  Scotland,  XIY.  700,  2  ab. 


Lowland  people,  Alaska  Indians,  IX.  788,  1  a. 

Lowlands ,  the,  Scotland,  YIII.  722,  2  c. 

Lowndes  [lowndz],  three  counties,  X.  695. 

Lowndes,  Rawlins,  American  lawyer  and  pa* 
triot,  X.  695.  William  Jones,  2  c. 

Low  pine,  plant,  YIII.  832,  1  c. 

Lowry,  S.  J.,  improvement  of  the  sextant  by, 
XIY.  804,  1  ab. 

Lowtii,  William,  English  theologian,  X.  696. 
Robert,  bishop,  1  b. 

Loxa  :  see  Loja. 

Loxia  curvirostra  (ornithology),  Y.  514,  2  b. 

Loxidromic  curve ,  XII.  180,  2  b. 

Loyo'la,  Saint  Ignatius  de,  founder  of  the 
society  of  Jesus,  X.  696;  IX.  624,  1  ab. 

Loyson,  Charles  [lwa-zong],  (Pere  Hyacinthe), 
French  pulpit  orator,  X.  697. 

Lozenge,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Lozengy,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  673, 1  a.  (See  plate.) 

LozkRE  [luh-zair],  department  of  France,  X. 
697. 

Lualaba  [loo-a-la'-ba],  river  of  Africa,  XII.  447, 
2  c.  (Followed  into  the  Congo  by  Stanley, 
1877.) 

Lubbock,  Sir  John  William,  English  astrono¬ 
mer,  X.  698.  Sir  John,  physicist,  1  c.  On 
the  tumuli  of  Carnac,  IY.  6,  1  c. 

Lubeck,  free  city  of  Germany,  X.  698.  Market 
place  (ill.).  Peace  of,  YII.  133,  1  c. 

Lubke,  Wilhelm  [liip'-keh],  German  historian 
of  art,  X.  699. 

Lublin  [loo'-blin],  government  of  Russian  Po¬ 
land,  X.  699.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Luby,  Thomas  C.,  Fenian  leader,  YII.  125, 1  c; 
126,  1  a,  2  b. 

Luca  (Lucca),  X.  701,  2  be. 

Luca  Giordano  :  see  Giordano. 

Luca  di  Borgo :  see  Paciolus  (Index). 

Lucan  (Marcus  Annaeus  Lucanus),  Roman 
poet,  X.  699;  197,  1  a. 

Lucan,  George  Charles  Bingham,  earl  of,  Bri¬ 
tish  soldier,  X.  700.  His  fatal  order  at  Ba- 
laklava,  II.  231,  2  c. 

Lucania,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  700. 

Luca’nus  (entomology),  II.  477,  1  c.  L.  cervus, 
XY.  302,  1  c  (ill.).  L.  capreolus,  2  c. 

Lucas,  two  counties,  X.  700. 

Lucas,  Charles  Jean  Marie  [lii-ka],  French 
economist,  X.  700. 

Lucas,  Frederick,  English  journalist,  X.  701. 

Lucas,  John,  English  painter,  X.  701. 

Lucca  [look'-ka],  province  of  Italy,  X.  701 
Capital  city,  2  a.  History,  2  be. 

Lucca,  Pauline,  German  vocalist,  X.  702. 


LUCCIIESI-P  ALLI 


LUMPKIN 


475 


Lucchesi-Palli ,  Count  Ettore  de  [look-ka'-ze- 
pal'-le],  II.  582,  1  a. 

Lucena  [loo-tha'-na],  town  of  Spain,  X.  702. 

Lucera  [loo-cha'-ra],  town  of  Italy,  X.  702. 

Luceren'ses  :  seo  Luceres  (Index). 

Lu' ceres,  tribe  in  Koine,  XIII.  1 67,  2  c  ;  XI Y. 
419,  1  a. 

Lucern',  forage  plant,  X.  702  (ill.). 

Lucerne'  [Fr.  lu-sairn],  canton  of  Switzerland, 
X.  703.  Capital,  704, 1  a  (view).  Lake,  2  c. 

Luciietto  da  Genova  [loo-ket'-to  da  jen'-o-va] : 
see  Cambiaso. 

Lucian,  Greek  author,  X.  704.  Ilis  descrip¬ 
tion  of  Menippus,  XI.  388,  2  a. 

Lucian,  Saint,  theologian,  X.  705. 

Lucifer,  morning  star,  X.  705.  In  mythology, 
2  a.  A  name  of  the  devil,  ib. 

Lucifer,  bishop  of  Cagliari,  X.  705. 

Lucifer  match :  see  Matcii. 

Luciferiani ,  sect,  X.  705,  2  c. 

Lucif'uga  (ichthyology),  II.  723,  1  b. 

Lucilius,  Caius,  Latin  poet,  X.  705 ;  193,  2  b. 

Luci'na,  goddess,  X.  706;  YI.  77,  2  a. 

Lucke,  Gottfried  Christian  Friedrich  [luk'- 
keh],  German  theologian,  X.  706. 

Luckenwalde  [look'-ken-val-d§h],  town  of 
Prussia,  X.  706. 

Luckner,  Nicholas  [look'-ner],  marshal  of 
France,  X.  706. 

Lucknouti  [luk-now'-te] :  see  Gour. 

Luck'now,  capital  of  Oude,  X.  706.  The  Har- 
tiniere,  2  c  (ill.,  707).  Siege  of,  707,  1  a; 
YIII.  522,  1  c.  See  Campbell,  Sir  Colin. 

Luqon  [lu-so"g],  town  of  France,  X.  707. 

Luqon  [loo-sone'],  island  :  see  Luzon. 

Lucretia  :  see  Brutus,  Lucius  Junius,  and 
Tarquin,  XY.  573,  1  b. 

Lucretius,  Latin  poet,  X.  707.  His  views 
concerning  heat  referred  to,  YIII.  567,  1  b. 

Lucullus,  Lucius  Licinius,  Roman  general, 
X.  708. 

Lu'cumo,  Etrurian  priest  and  ruler,  YI.  765,  2  c. 

Lucus  Augusti  (Lugo),  X.  710,  2  a. 

Lucy,  Sir  Thomas,  Shakespeare’s  persecutor, 
XIY.  813,  2  be.  Referred  to,  YII.  361,  2  c. 

Luden,  Heinrich  [loo'-den],  German  historian, 
X.  708. 

Luders,  Alexander  Nikolayevitch  [lu'-derce], 
Russian  general,  X.  708. 

Ludi  Apollinares,  I.  586,  2  a.  Soeculares,  ib. 
Capitolini,  HI.  757,  1  b ;  computation  of 
time  by  their  celebration,  ib.  Compitalitii : 
see  Compitalia. 

Lud'ington,  city  of  Michigan,  X.  709. 


Ludlow,  borough  of  England,  X.  709. 

Ludlow,  Edmund,  English  republican,  X.  709. 
Ludolf:  see  Ludolphus. 

Ludolphus,  Job,  German  orientalist,  X.  709. 
Ludovisio ,  Alessandro  (Pope  Gregory  XY.), 
YIII.  245,  1  b. 

Ludwig,  Karl  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [lood'-vieh], 
German  physiologist,  X.  709. 

Ludwig,  Otto,  German  poet,  X.  709. 
Ludwigsburg  [lood'-viks-boorg],  town  of  Wtir- 
temberg,  X.  710. 

Ludwig’s  Canal  :  see  Canal,  III.  684,  1  a. 
LuDwiGsnAFEN  [lood'-viks-ha-fen],  town  of 
Bavaria,  X.  710. 

Ludwigslied  [-leet],  early  German  poem,  YII. 
763,  1  a. 

Lugano  [loo-ga'-no],  Switzerland,  X.  710. 
Lugan'ski,  Kosak,  nom  de  plume :  see  Dahl, 
Yladimir  Ivanovitch. 

Lugdu'num :  see  Lyons,  X.  758,  1  be. 
Lugdunum  Batavorum  (Leyden),  X.  392, 1  ab. 
Lug  dunum  Clavatum :  see  Laon. 

Lugo  [loo'-go],  province  of  Spain,  X.  710. 
Capital  city,  2  a. 

Lugos  [loo'-gosh],  town  of  Hungary,  X.  710. 
Luguvallio  or  Luguvallum:  see  Carlisle  (city). 
Luigi,  Andrea  di  [loo-e'-je],  painter,  X.  710. 
LuiJc  [loik] :  see  LiIsge,  city. 

Luikerland :  see  Liege,  province. 

Luini,  Bernardino  [loo-e'-ne],  painter,  X.  710. 
Luisenburg  [loo-e'-zen-boorg],  palace  of,  II. 
695,  2  b. 

Luitprand  [loo'-it-prand],  king  of  Lombardy, 
X.  711. 

Luitprand,  Lombard  historian,  X.  711. 

Luke,  Saint,  the  evangelist,  X.  711. 

Lukin,  Lionel,  inventor  of  life  boat,  X.  420, 1  c. 
Lufco ,  grain,  Y.  240,  2  be. 

Lully,  or  Lulli,  Jean  Baptiste  [lii-le],  French 
composer,  X.  712;  XII.  90,  1  b. 

Lul'ly,  Raymond,  Spanish  philosopher,  X. 
712. 

Lumachella  mar5?6s[loo-ma-kel'-la],  XI.  147, 2b. 
Lumba'go  :  see  Rheumatism. 

Lumber:  see  Wood,  XYI.  704,  1  a. 
Lumberton,  county  seat,  XIY.  358,  1  b. 
Lumbricus  terrestris  (annelida),  YI.  370,  1  c 
(ill.).  Other  species,  371,  2  be. 

Luminous  cone,  in  flame,  YII.  253,  2  c  (ill.). 
Lumley ,  lords  of,  their  effigies,  IV.  390,  1  be. 

Lumley  castle,  1  c. 

Lump  Fish,  X.  713  (ill.). 

Lumpkin,  county,  X.  714. 

Lumpkin,  county  seat,  XY.  382,  2  a. 


476 


LUMPKIN 


LUTHERAN 


Lumpkin,  "Wilson,  American  statesman,  X.  714. 

Joseph  Henry,  lawyer,  2  b. 

Lump  sucker :  see  Lump  Fish. 

Luna,  in  mythology,  X.  715. 

Luna ,  alchemical  name  of  silver,  XY.  47,  2  a. 
Luna,  Pedro  de  [da  loo'-na],  ecclesiastic  (Bene¬ 
dict  XIII.,  antipope),  X.  715. 

Lunacy,  X.  715.  Custody  of  lunatics  and 
idiots,  2  be.  As  a  defence  for  criminal  acts, 
716,  1  a,  2  c.  As  invalidating  civil  con¬ 
tracts,  2  a.  See  Insanity,  and  Medical 

JURISPRUDENCE. 

Lunalilo,  William  Charles  [loo-na-le'-lo],  Ha¬ 
waiian  king,  X.  718. 

Lunar  Caustic  :  see  Nitrates,  XII.  463,  1  b. 
Lunar  Cycle,  X.  719 ;  III.  579,  2  b. 

Lunar  method ,  in  navigation,  XII.  181,  1  b. 
Lunarium:  see  Orrery,  XII.  711,  2  a. 

Lund  [loond],  town  of  Sweden,  X.  719.  Uni¬ 
versity,  1  c. 

Lundy,  Benjamin,  abolitionist,  X.  719. 

Lundy  Foot  snuff,  XY.  783,  2  b. 

Lundy’s  Lane,  Battle  of,  X.  720. 

Luneburg  [lii'-nSh-boorg],  Prussia,  X.  720. 
Laneburger  Heide  [lii'-neh-boor-gher  hi'-deh], 
heaths  in  Prussia,  X.  720,  1  c. 

Lunel,  town  of  France,  X.  720.  Lunel  wine, 
YII.  411,  2  c. 

Lu'nenburg,  county  of  Yirginia,  X.  720. 
Lunenburg,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  X.  720. 
Lunenburg,  county  seat,  X.  720,  2  b. 

Lunette',  in  fortification,  YII.  335,  1  be. 
Luneville  [lu-na-veel],  city  of  France,  X.  720. 
Peace  of,  2  b;  YII.  754,  1  c;  XI.  397,  1  be; 
XY.  213,  1  c;  XYI.  744,  2  b. 

Lung,  root  of  the :  see  Chest,  IY.  387,  2  a. 
Lung  fever:  see  Pneumonia.  Among  cattle, 
XII.  57,  1  be ;  58,  2  c,  tf. 

Lung  plague,  among  cattle,  XII.  58,  2  c,  ff. 
Lungs,  X.  720  (ills.).  See  Chest.  Diseases 
of  the :  see  Bronchitis,  Consumption,  and 
Pneumonia. 

Lungwort,  herb,  X.  722  (ill.). 

Luno  [loo'-no],  grain,  Y.  240,  2  be. 

Lunt,  George,  American  author,  X.  722. 
Luperca'lia,  Roman  festival,  X.  723. 

Luper'ci :  see  Lupercalia,  X.  723,  1  c. 
Lupercus,  in  mythology,  X.  723,  1  b. 

Lupine  [lu'-pin],  plant,  X.  723  (ill.).  Lupine 
region,  2  a. 

Lupi'nus  (botany),  X.  723,  1  c.  L.  polyphyl- 
lus,  724,  1  a  (ill.,  723),  and  other  species. 
Lupuline  [lu'-pu-lin],  resinous  substance,  YIII. 
809,  1  a,  2  c.  Tincture  of,  810,  1  c. 


Lupus,  Hugh,  earl  of  Chester,  IY.  388,  2  c ; 
389,  1  a. 

Luray ',  county  seat,  XII.  789,  2  b. 

Lurcher  :  see  Greyhound,  YIII.  254,  1  c ; 
III.  426,  1  a ;  XY.  663,  1  b. 

Luristan',  province  of  Persia,  X.  724. 

Lusatia,  region  of  Germany,  X.  724.  Dia¬ 
lects  of:  see  Wends,  XYI.  553,  1  a. 

Luscin'ia  philome'la  (ornithology),  XII.  443, 
2  b  (ill.,  444). 

Luscinidce  (ornithology),  II.  676,  1  c,  2  b. 

Lusiiington,  Stephen,  English  jurist,  X.  724. 
His  opinion  in  regard  to  the  separation  of 
Lord  and  Lady  Byron,  725,  1  a. 

Lusiad,  poem  of  Camoens,  III.  658,  2  a. 

Lusignan,  Guy  de  [lu-se-nyang],  king  of  Jerusa¬ 
lem,  II.  238,  2  c,  239,  1  a ;  of  Cyprus,  V. 
617,  1  a.  (The  former  crown  exchanged 
for  the  latter,  1192.  Died  1194.)  James 
II.  de  Lusignan,  king  of  Cyprus:  see  Cor- 
naro,  Y.  360,  1  a.  (Father  of  the  last  king, 
James  III.,  born  posthumously  1473,  died 
1475.)  Hugh  de,  enemy  of  King  John  of 
England,  IX.  649,  1  b. 

Lusitani :  see  Lusitania. 

Lusitania,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  725. 

Lustration,  ceremonial  purification,  X.  725. 

Lustrum ,  period  of  time,  X.  725,  2  b. 

Lute,  musical  instrument,  X.  725. 

Lute,  adhesive  mixture,  X.  725. 

Luteoline  [lu'-te-o-lin],  coloring  matter,  YI. 
341,  2  c ;  XYI.  546,  2  a. 

Luteoleine  [lu-te-o-le'-in],  XYI.  546,  2  a. 

Lutetia  (Paris),  XIII.  89,  1  b. 

Lu'ther,  Martin  [Ger.  loot'-er],  leader  of  the 
German  reformation,  X.  726.  Origin  of 
the  reformation,  2  be.  Before  the  diet  of 
Worms,  727,  1  c.  The  peasants’  war,  2  c; 
XIII.  216,  1  c.  His  marriage,  X.  727,  2  c. 
Efforts  in  behalf  of  popular  education,  Y. 
157,  1  c ;  X.  728, 1  ab.  Yiews  of  the  sacra¬ 
ment,  639,  1  a;  728,  2  a.  Characterization 
of,  729,  1  a.  His  works,  730,  1  a;  transla¬ 
tion  of  the  Bible,  1  ab  ;  its  influence  on  the 
German  language,  YII.  764,  1  b. — His  con¬ 
cealment  in  the  castle  of  Coburg,  IY.  773, 
1  a;  in  the  Wartburg,  XYI.  465,  2  ab,  X. 
727,  2  b.  Luther’s  beech,  I.  360,  2  c ;  Lu¬ 
ther’s  spring,  ib.  His  assent  to  the  bigamy 
of  Philip  of  Hesse,  XIII.  416,  1  c.  His 
house  in  Judenbach,  IX.  702,  1  c.  Relics 
of :  see  Eisleben.  See  Leo  X.,  X.  348, 
1  be,  2  ab. 

Lutheran  CnuRcn,  X.  731.  Doctrine,  1  b ; 


LUTHERAN 


LYMAN 


477 


baptism,  732,  1  b ;  consubstantiation,  1  c ; 
ubiquity,  2  b;  Lord’s  day,  733,  1  a.  Con¬ 
troversies,  1  b;  XIY.  246,  1  b.  Divine 
worship,  X.  733,  2  b.  Constitution  of  the 
church,  734,  1  b.  Theological  science,  2  b. 
Education,  735,  2  ab.  Early  missions,  2  be. 
Membership,  736,  1  a.  Formula  of  Con¬ 
cord,  733,  1  c:  see  Concordia  Formula. 
Lutheran  and  Catholic  churches,  plan  for  re¬ 
union  of,  X.  322,  2  c ;  324,  1  a. 

Lutherod ,  Colonel ,  pseudonyme,  IX.  673,  2  a. 
Luting :  see  Lute. 

Lu'tins  [Fr.  lii-tang] :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64, 1  be. 
Lutke,  Feodor  Petrovitch  [lut'-keh],  Russian 
traveller,  X.  736. 

Luton,  town  of  England,  X.  736.  Luton  IIoo 
Park,  country  seat,  ib. ;  II.  449,  2  c. 

Lutra  (zoology),  XII.  735,  2  b.  L.  Canadensis, 
2  c  (ill.).  L.  Brasiliensis,  736,  1  b.  L.  vul¬ 
garis,  1  be ;  YII.  538,  1  c. 

Lutreo'la  (zoology),  XI.  600,  2  a. 

Luttich  [liit'-ti'h] :  see  Liege. 

Lutzen,  town  of  Prussia,  X.  736.  Battle  of, 
2  a ;  YIII.  338,  2  c ;  XYI.  436,  2  a. 

Lutzow,  Ludwig  Adolf  Wilhelm,  baron  [lut'- 
so],  Prussian  general,  X.  736.  Liitzow’sches 
Freicorps,  2  b. 

Lu'waok:  see  Paradoxurus,  XIII.  61,  2  c  (ill.). 
Lux,  Adam  [looks],  German  enthusiast,  X. 

736.  See  Corday,  Y.  344,  1  c. 

Luxembourg  [luks-ang-boor],  palace  of  the,  XIII. 

83,  1  c.  Museum  of,  87,  1  c. 

Luxembourg,  Frangois  Henri  de  Montmorency  - 
Bouteville,  duke  de,  X.  736. 

Luxemburg  [looks'-em-boorg],  territory,  X. 

737.  Province  of  Belgium,  2  b.  Grand 
duchy,  2  c.  Proposed  sale  to  France,  738, 
1  c ;  YII.  759,  1  b. 

Luxemburg,  capital  of  the  grand  duchy,  X.  738. 
Luxemburg,  duke  of,  tried  for  a  compact  with 
the  devil,  II.  408,  1  b. 

Luxillus  Americanus  (ichthyology),  Y.  629, 
1  a.  L.  compressus,  ib. 

Luxor  :  see  Thebes,  XY.  688,  2  a  (ill.).  Obe¬ 
lisk  of,  XIII.  80,  1  be. 

Luynes,  Charles  d' Albert,  duke  de  [duh  lii- 
een],  constable  of  France,  X.  738,  2  c;  I. 
470,  1  a. 

Luynes,  Honor6  Theodoric  Paul  Joseph  d’ Al¬ 
bert,  duke  de,  archaeologist,  X.  738. 

Luz  (Bethel),  II.  594,  1  ab. 

Luzac,  Jean  [lu-zak],  Dutch  philologist,  X.  739. 
Luzern  [loo-tsairn'] :  see  Lucerne. 

Luzerne  [lu-zurn'j,  county,  X.  739. 


Luzerne,  chevalier  de  la  [la  lii-zairn],  (Anne 
C6sar,  1741— ’91),  French  minister  to  the 
United  States  (1779-’83),  I.  88,  1  b. 

Luzon  [loo-sone'J,  island,  Philippines,  X.  739. 
Lu'zula,  genus  of  plants,1  X.  740.  L.  pilosa, 
741,  1  a.  L.  campestris,  ib.  (ill.,  740). 
Lycal’opex  (zoology),  XYI.  695,  2  c. 
Lycanthro'pia,  lycan'  thropis :  see  Demonology, 
Y.  796,  1  b. 

Lycan' thropy,  form  of  insanity,  XII.  199,  1  b. 

See  Lycanthropia  (Index). 

Lyca'on,  mythical  king  of  Arcadia,  X.  741. 
Lycaon  (zoology),  IX.  100,  2  c;  101,  2  c.  L. 

venaticus,  102,  1  a  (ill.).  L.  pictus,  1  be. 
Lyoao'nia,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  741. 
Lyce'um,  in  ancient  Athens,  X.  741 ;  I.  706, 

1  b  ;  YIII.  351,  1  a.  Site  of,  II.  61,  2  a. 
Lychnis  [lik'-nis],  genus  of  plants,  X.  741.  L. 

Chalcedonica,  2  a  (ill.)*  L-  gitliago,  742, 1  a. 
Other  species. 

Lycia  [lisli'-a],  in  ancient  geography,  X.  742. 
Lyciscus  (zoology),  YI.  178,  2  be.  L.  latrans, 

2  c.  L.  cagottis,  ib.  L.  tigris,  ib. 

Lycoming  [li-kom'-ing],  county,  X.  742. 

Lycon,  Greek  philosopher,  X.  743. 
Lycoper'don,  genus  of  fungi,  X.  743 ;  YII. 

533,  1  c.  L.  giganteum,  X.  743,  1  c  (ilk). 
Lycopersicum  esculentum  (botany),  XY.  791, 2  a. 
Lyc'ophron,  Greek  poet,  X.  744. 

Lycopodium  (botany),  X.  744.  L.  clavatum, 
2  a  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Lycurgus,  Spartan  legislator,  X.  745.  Laws 
of,  XIII.  664,  2  b ;  XY.  231,  2  b.  Their 
effect  on  the  distribution  of  landed  estates, 
I.  187,  2  b. 

Lycurgus,  Attic  orator,  X.  746. 

Lycurgus,  mythical  king,  II.  193,  2  a. 

Lydel’la  dory ph' ora  (entomology),  XIII.  769, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Lydgate,  John,  English  poet,  X.  746, 

Lydia,  in  ancient  geography,  X.  746. 

Lydian  Stone,  X.  747 ;  IX.  570,  2  b. 

Lye :  see  Potash,  XIII.  757,  2  ab. 

Lye,  Edward,  English  philologist,  X.  747. 
Lyell,  Sir  Charles,  geologist,  X.  747.  His  defi¬ 
nition  of  geology,  YII.  687,  1  ab.  (D.  1875.) 
Lyg'damis,  tyrant  of  Naxos,  X.  748. 

Lygceus  [li-je'-us],  (entomology), YIII.  629,  2  ab. 
L.  leucopterus,  ib. 

Lygeum  sparteum  (botany),  YIII.  167,  1  c. 
Lygodium,  genus  of  climbing  ferns,  X.  748 ;  YII. 

151,  2  c.  L.  palmatum,  X.  749,  1  a  (ill.),  &c. 
Lyly,  John  :  see  Lilly. 

Lyman,  county,  X.  749. 


478 


LYMAN 


MACARONI 


Lyman,  Phineas,  American  soldier,  X.  749. 

Lyman  process,  in  paper  making,  XIII.  48,  1  c. 

Lyme-Regis,  borough  of  England,  X.  749. 

Lympii,  a  fluid  of  the  animal  system,  X.  749. 

Lymphatic  temperament,  XV.  684,  1  a. 

Lymphatic  vessels ,  X.  749,  2  c.  Reputed  dis¬ 
coverer  of  the  system  of,  II.  347,  1  b.  Lym¬ 
phatic  ducts,  X.  749,  2  c  ;  glands,  ib. 

Lynceus  [lin'-suce],  in  Greek  legend,  Y.  662, 1  b. 

Lynch,  Patrick  Nieson,  American  bishop,  X. 
750. 

Lynch,  Thomas,  Jr.,  a  signer  of  the  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  X.  750. 

Lynch,  William  F.,  naval  officer,  X.  751. 

Lynch,  Mrs. :  see  Lopez,  X.  633,  2  c,  634,  2  be. 

Lynchburg,  city  of  Virginia,  X.  751. 

Lynchburg,  county  seat,  XI.  801,  2  a. 

Lynch  Law,  X.  751. 

Lyndhurst,  John  Singleton  Copley,  baron, 
English  statesman,  X.  752. 

Lyndsay,  Sir  David :  see  Lindsay. 

Lynn,  city  of  Massachusetts,  X.  752. 

Lynn,  Eliza:  see  Linton,  X.  514,  1  b. 

Lynn-Regis,  borough  of  England,  X.  753. 

Lynx,  animal,  X.  753.  Canada  lynx  (L.  Cana¬ 
densis),  754,  1  a  (ill.,  753).  Bay  lynx  (L. 
rufus),  1  b  (ill.).  European  lynx,  2  a.  L. 
caracal,  2  c  (ill.).  Other  species.  Fur  of, 
VII.  538,  2  c.  Lynx  cat,  ib. 

Lyon,  five  counties,  X.  755. 

Lyon  [le-ong] :  see  Lyons,  France. 

Lyon,  George  Francis,  English  traveller,  X.  755. 

Lyon,  Mary,  American  teacher,  X.  755. 


Lyon,  Matthew,  politician,  X.  755. 

Lyon,  Nathaniel,  soldier,  X.  756. 

Lyonnais  [le-un-na],  former  province  of  France, 
X.  756. 

Lyons,  city  of  France,  X.  756  (view,  757). 
Peace  of,  IV.  300,  2  c. 

Lyons,  town  and  village  of  New  York,  X.  758. 

Lyons,  Gulf  of,  X.  758. 

Lyons,  Edmund,  lord,  admiral,  X.  759.  Rich¬ 
ard  Bickerton  Pemell,  lord,  diplomatist,  1  c. 

Lyons  gold  lace,  111.  213,  2  c. 

Lypemania :  see  Dancing  Disease,  V.  664, 1  b. 

Lyra  da  gamba  [le'-ra  da  gam'-ba],  musical  in¬ 
strument,  XVI.  366,  2  c. 

Lyre,  musical  instrument,  X.  759.  Greek  hep¬ 
tachord,  2  b  (ill.).  Egyptian  lyre  in  British 
museum,  760,  1  b  (ill.). 

Lyre  Bird,  X.  760  (ill.). 

Lyrnessus :  see  Tenedos. 

Lysander,  Spartan  soldier,  X.  760 ;  I.  263, 1  a; 
186,  1  c. 

Lysias,  Athenian  orator,  X.  761. 

Ly sides  [lis'-e-kleez] :  see  Aspasia,  II.  19,  2  b. 

Lysimachia  [lis-e-ma'-ke-a],  genus  of  plants, 
X.  761.  L.  nummularia,  2  b  (ill.),  &c. 

Lysimaciius  [li-sim'-a-kus],  Greek  general,  king 
of  Thrace,  X.  762. 

Lysippus,  Greek  sculptor,  X.  762. 

Lyth'rum,  genus  of  plants,  X.  762  (ill.,  763). 

Lyttelton,  George,  lord,  English  author  and 
statesman,  X.763.  Thomas,  second  baron,  2  b. 

Lyttelton ,  Sir  Thomas :  see  Littleton. 

Lytton-Bulwer  :  see  Bulwer-Lytton. 


M 


M,  a  letter,  X.  763.  In  ancient  and  modern 
languages,  1  c.  Euphonic  changes,  2  c.  As 
a  numeral,  764,  1  a. 

Ma  [ma],  moon  goddess,  temple  of,  V.  131,  2  c. 

Maas  [mas] :  see  Meuse. 

Maastricht:  see  Maestricht. 

Mab,  fairy,  X.  764;  VII.  65,  1  be. 

Mabillon,  Jean  [ma-be-yong],  French  author, 
X.  764. 

Mabinogion ,  Cymric  collection,  IV.  179,  2  a. 

Mably,  Gabriel  Bonnot  de  [ma-ble],  French 
publicist,  X.  764. 

Mabuse,  Jan  [ma-buz],  Flemish  painter,  X. 
764. 

Mac,  Gaelic  prefix,  meaning  of,  XII.  128,  1  b. 

Maca'cus  (zoology),  X.  766,  1  c.  M.  nemestri- 


nus,  2  c  (ill.),  and  other  species.  ,M.  eoce- 
nus,  XI.  753,  1  c. 

Macadam,  John  Loudon,  Scottish  engineer,  X. 
764.  Sir  James,  765,  1  c. 

MacAdam,  James,  jr.,  his  prize  essay  upon 
flax,  VII.  265,  2  ab. 

Macafee',  Daniel,  Irish  clergyman,  X.  765. 

Macao  [ma-kow'J,  Portuguese  dependency  and 
city  in  China,  X.  765  (view,  766). 

Macapa  [ma-ka-pa'],  town  of  Brazil,  X.  766. 

Macaque  [ma-kak'],  animal,  X.  766.  Wan- 
deroo,  2  b.  Pig-tailed  macaque,  2  c  (ill.). 
Barbary  ape,  767,  1  a  (ill.). 

Macaranduba,  Brazilian  tree,  III.  223,  2  ab. 

Macarius,  founder  of  monasteries,  XI.  728,  2  c. 

Macaro'ni,  X.  767 ;  VIII.  46,  1  b. 


MACARONIC 


McENTEE 


479 


Macaron'ic  Poetry,  X.  767. 

McArthur ,  county  seat,  XVI.  361,  1  a. 

Me  Arthur,  Duncan,  American  pioneer,  X.  767. 

Macartney,  George,  earl,  diplomatist,  X.  768. 

Macartney  rose ,  VIII.  604,  2  be ;  XIV.  434,  2  a. 

Macassar,  Dutch  government  in  Celebes,  X. 
768.  Town,  2  a. 

Macassar,  Strait  of,  X.  768. 

Macassars ,  a  people  of  Celebes,  X.  768,  1  c; 
III.  418,  2  b. 

Macauco  :  see  Lemur,  X.  339,  1  be  (mococo). 

Macaulay,  Catharine  (Sawbridge),  English 
authoress,  X.  768. 

Macaulay,  Thomas  Babington,  baron,  his¬ 
torian,  essayist,  and  statesman,  X.  768.  See 
Political  Economy,  XIII.  670,  1  c. 

Macaulay ,  Zachary ,  philanthropist,  X.  769,  1  a. 

Macaw',  bird,  X.  770  (ill.). 

Magayo  [ma-sa-yo'] :  see  Macei6. 

Macbeth,  Scottish  chieftain,  X.  771.  Histori¬ 
cal  groundwork  of  Shakespeare’s  tragedy, 
VI.  433,  2  ab. 

Maccabees  :  see  Asmoneans,  and  Hebrews, 
VIII.  592,  1  b. 

Maccabees,  Books  of,  X.  771. 

M'  Call,  founder  of  Almack’s,  I.  340,  1  b. 

MacCallum  More :  see  Argyll,  I.  698,  2  a. 

McCarthy,  Justin,  Irish  author,  X.  772. 

McCarthy ,  Sir  Charles ,  governor,  I.  807,  1  c. 

Maccaroni :  see  Macaroni.  A  stage  character, 
VIII.  463,  2  b. 

McCheyne,  Robert  Murray  [mak-chain'],  Scot¬ 
tish  clergyman,  X.  772. 

Maccheroni  [mak-ka-ro'-ne] :  see  Macaroni. 

Macchi,  Mauro[mak'-ke],  Italian  author,  X.  773. 

MAccniAVELLi :  see  Machiavelli. 

McClellan,  George  Brinton,  American  soldier 
and  engineer,  X.  773.  See  Lincoln,  493, 
2  a,  496,  2  a.  (Elected  governor  of  New 
Jersey  1877.) 

Mac'clesfield,  town  of  England,  X.  774. 

Macclesfield ,  Lord  Chancellor ,  impeachment  of, 
III.  264,  2  b. 

McClintock,  Sir  Francis  Leopold,  naval  offi¬ 
cer  and  explorer,  X.  774 ;  I.  677,  2  a. 

McClintock,  John,  American  clergyman  and 
scholar,  X.  774. 

McCloskey,  John  [mak-klus'-ke],  archbishop 
of  New  York,  X.  775.  (Cardinal,  1875.) 

McClure,  Sir  Robert  John  Le  Mesurier,  British 
navigator,  X.  775. . 

Maccaboy  snuff,  XV.  783,  2  c. 

Me  Connellsburg,  county  seat,  VII.  524,  1  c. 

McConnellsville ,  county  seat,  XI.  827,  1  b. 


McCook,  county,  X.  776. 

McCormick,  Cyrus,  reaper  o^  XII.  16,  1  c. 

McCosii,  James,  Scottish  metaphysician,  X. 
776.  On  logic,  582,  1  b.  See  Philosophy, 
XIII.  447,  2  b. 

McCracken,  county,  X.  776. 

McCrea,  Jane  [mak-kra'],  X.  776. 

McCrie,  Thomas  [mak-kre'],  Scottish  author, 
X.  776. 

McCulloch  [mak-kul'-luh],  county,  X.  777. 

McCuLLOcn,  John,  British  physicist,  X.  777. 

McCuLLOcn,  John  Ramsey,  Scottish  political 
economist,  X.  777 ;  XIII.  672,  1  c. 

Macdiarmid,  John  [mak-der'-mid],  Scottish 
author,  X.  778.  John  (2d),  author,  1  b. 

McDon'ald,  county,  X.  778. 

McDonald ,  Alexander ,  modern  Gaelic  poet, 
XII.  721,  2  b. 

Macdonald,  Etienne  Jacques  Joseph  Alexan¬ 
dre  [mak-duh-nal],  duke  of  Taranto,  French 
soldier,  X.  778. 

Macdonald,  Flora,  Scottish  heroine,  X.  779. 

Macdonald ,  Gen.  (Francis,  1777-1837),  Neapo¬ 
litan  minister,  III.  26,  2  b.  His  secret  mar¬ 
riage  with  Queen  Caroline,  2  be. 

MacDonald,  George,  British  author,  X.  779. 

Macdonald,  James,  American  physician,  X.  779. 

Macdonald  of  Glencoe,  VIII.  31,  1  c. 

McDonough  [mak-don'-o],  county,  X.  779. 

McDonough ,  county  seat,  VIII.  640,  2  a. 

Macdonough,  Thomas,  American  naval  officer, 
X.  780  ;  IV.  249,  2  c. 

McDougall,  Alexander,  soldier,  X.  780. 

McDowell,  two  counties,  X.  780. 

McDowell,  Irvin,  American  soldier,  X.  780. 

McDowell,  Patrick,  British  sculptor,  X.  780. 

Macduff,  thane  of  Fife,  VI.  433,  2  b ;  X.  771, 
2  c. 

McDuffie,  county,  X.  781. 

McDuffie,  George,  American  statesman,  X.  781 . 

Mace  :  see  Nutmeg,  XII.  542,  1  b.  Oil  of,  2  b. 

Mace ,  in  billiards,  II.  641,  1  c  (ill.). 

Mace,  Jean  [ma-sa],  French  author,  X.  781. 

Macedo,  Joaquim  Manoel  de  [ma-sa'-do],  Bra¬ 
zilian  author,  X.  781. 

Macedon  [mas'-e-don] :  see  Macedonia. 

Macedo'nia,  ancient  country,  X.  782. 

Macedonian  dialects,  VIII.  203,  1  c. 

Macedonians  (followers  of  Macedonius,  patri¬ 
arch  of  Constantinople  341-360) :  see  Trini¬ 
ty,  XV.  870,  1  a. 

Macei6  [ma-sa-yo'],  city  of  Brazil,  X.  782. 

McEntee,  Jervis  [mak'-en-te],  American  paint¬ 
er,  X.  783. 


480 


MACERATA 


MACLEOD 


Macerata  [ma-cha-ru'-ta],  province  of  Italy, 
X.  783.  City,  1  c. 

Maceration ,  XIII.  289,  2  c. 

Macfarren,  George  Alexander,  English  com¬ 
poser,  X.  783. 

McFerrin,  John  Berry,  American  clergyman, 
X.  783. 

MacFlecknoe ,  poem  :  see  Flecknoe. 

McGarrahan  claim ,  referred  to,  XI.  401,  2  ab. 

McGee,  Thomas  d’Arcy  [mak-ghe'J,  Irish  jour¬ 
nalist,  X.  784;  VII.  129,  2  c. 

MacGeoghegan,  James  [mak-ghe'-gan],  Irish 
historian,  X.  784. 

McGillivray,  Alexander,  Creek  chieftain,  X. 
784.  Allusion  to,  III.  167,  2  b. 

McGillivray,  William,  Scottish  naturalist,  X. 
784. 

Macgregor,  John,  British  statistician,  X.  784. 

McGuffey,  William  Holmes,  American  educa¬ 
tor,  X.  785. 

McGuire ,  Capt. :  see  Gallitzin,  VII.  582,  2  be. 
McGuire’s  settlement,  or  Clearfield,  id. 

McHale,  John,  Irish  archbishop,  X.  785. 

McHenry,  two  counties,  X.  785. 

McHenry ,  Fort,  Baltimore,  II.  252,  2  c. 

Machery :  see  Alvar. 

Machetes  [ma-cha'-tace],  cane  knives,  I.  310, 1  c. 

Machias  [ma-chl'-as],  town  of  Maine,  X.  785. 

Machiavelli,  Niccolo  [ma-kya-vel'-le],  Italian 
statesman  and  author,  X.  786.  His  works, 
787,  la;  IX.  461,  2  c. 

Machine  :  see  Mechanics. 

Machine-made  lace ,  X.  79,  2  a. 

Machinery :  see  Mechanics. 

Machinisti  [ma-ke-nis'-te],  a  school  of  fresco 
painters,  XII.  798,  2  ab  ;  799,  2  b. 

Maclan  of  Glencoe,  VIII.  31,  1  c. 

Maciejowski,  Waclaw  Alexander  [ma-chSh- 
yov'-ske],  Polish  historian,  X.  787. 

McIlvaine',  Charles  Pettit,  American  bishop, 
X.  787. 

McIntosh  [mak'-in-tosh],  county,  X.  787. 

McIntosh,  county  seat,  X.  93,  1  a. 

McIntosh,  John,  American  soldier,  X.  788. 

McIntosh,  Lachlan,  soldier,  X.  788. 

McIntosh,  Maria  J.,  authoress,  X.  788. 

Mack,  Gen. :  see  Mack  von  Leiberich. 

Mack,  Alexander ,  a  founder  of  the  Dunkers, 
VI.  316,  1  c. 

Mackay',  Charles,  British  author,  X.  788. 

McKean,  county,  X.  788. 

McKean  drill :  see  Tunnel,  XVI.  35,  1  ab. 

Mackean,  Thomas,  American  jurist,  X.  789. 

McKee ,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  2  a. 


McIveever,  Isaac,  American  naval  officer,  X. 
789. 

McKendree,  William,  American  bishop,  X.  789. 
McKendree  College  :  see  Lebanon,  Ill. 
Mackenzie,  Sir  Alexander,  Scottish  traveller, 
X.  789. 

Mackenzie,  Alexander  Slidell,  American  naval 
officer,  X.  789. 

Mackenzie,  Henry,  Scottish  author,  X.  790. 
Mackenzie,  Robert  Shelton,  American  jour¬ 
nalist,  X.  790. 

Mackenzie,  William  Lyon,  Canadian  politician, 
X.  790. 

Mackenzie  River,  British  America,  X.  791. 
Mackerel,  fish,  X.  791  (ill.,  792).  Spanish 
mackerel,  792,  1  ab,  794,  1  a;  spotted,  id. 
(ill.).  Mackerel  fishing,  792,  2  a. 

Mackerel  guide,  fish,  XIII.  511,  1  a. 

Mackerel  gull ,  XV.  659,  2  c. 

Mackerel  sky,  IV.  711,  1  b. 

Mack'ey,  Albert  Gallatin,  American  author, 
X.  794. 

Mackie,  John  Milton,  American  author,  X.  794. 
Mackinac  [mak'-e-naw] :  see  Mackinaw. 
Mackinaw,  county,  X.  794. 

Mackinaw,  village  of  Michigan,  X.  794.  Isl¬ 
and,  2  b ;  IX.  78,  2  c. 

McKinney,  county  seat,  V.  75,  1  c. 
Mackintosh,  water-proof  fabric,  III.  736,  2  b. 
Mackintosh,  Sir  James,  British  statesman  and 
author,  X.  795.  On  Grotius’s  treatise  of 
international  law,  222,  2  b. 

Mack  von  Leiberich,  Karl,  baron  [mak  fon  ll'- 
ber-ich],  Austrian  general,  X.  795. 

Macklin',  Charles,  Irish  actor,  X.  796. 
Macknight,  James,  Scottish  author,  X.  796. 
McLane,  Louis,  American  statesman,  X.  796. 
Maclaurin,  Colin,  Scottish  mathematician,  X. 

796. 

McLean  [mak-lain'J,  two  counties,  X.  796. 
McLean,  John,  American  jurist,  X.  797.  Dis¬ 
sent  from  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  2  a. 
Maclean,  Letitia  Elizadeth :  see  Landon. 
McLeansdorough ,  county  seat,  VIII.  413,  2  b. 
Macleay  [mak-la'J,  (W.  S.),  his  classification 
of  insects,  VI.  661,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  of  reptiles, 
VIII.  694,  1  ab;  of  mammals,  XI.  80,  2  a; 
of  birds,  XII.  706,  1  be. 

McLellan,  county,  X.  797. 

McLeod  [mak-lowd'J,  county,  X.  797. 

McLeod,  Alexander,  American  clergyman,  X. 

797.  Xavier  Donald,  author,  798,  1  a. 
Macleod,  Henry  Dunning,  Scottish  economist, 

X.  798. 


MACLEOD 


MADEIRA 


481 


Macleod,  Norman,  Scottish  clergyman,  X.  798. 

Maclise  [mak-leece'],  anatomical  theory  of, 
XIII.  429,  1  ab. 

Maclise,  Daniel,  British  painter,  X.  798. 

Madura  (botany),  XII.  714,  1  b.  M.  auran- 
tiaca,  1  c  (ill.) ;  VIII.  604,  1  c.  M.  tinc- 
toria,  XII.  715,  1  a  (synonyme,  morus  tinc- 
toria,  VII.  547,  1  be). 

Maclure,  William,  “father  of  American  geol¬ 
ogy/’  X.  798.  Geological  survey  of  the  Uni¬ 
ted  States,  VII.  691,  1  he. 

MacMahon,  Marie  Edme  Patrice  Maurice,  count 
de  and  duke  de  Magenta  [mak-ma-ong],  presi¬ 
dent  of  France,  X.  799.  Mme.  MacMahon, 
duchess  de  Castries,  801,  1  b. 

Mo  Minn,  county,  X.  801. 

McMinnville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  460,  2  b. 

McMullen,  county,  X.  801. 

McNab,  Sir  Alan  Napier,  Canadian  statesman, 
X.  801. 

McNaghten ,  Sir  William  [mak-naw'-ten],  Brit¬ 
ish  envoy  to  Afghanistan,  I.  161,  1  c. 

McNairy,  county,  X.  801. 

Macneil,  Hector,  Scottish  poet,  X.  801. 

McNeil,  John,  American  soldier,  X.  802. 

McNeile,  Hugh,  Irish  clergyman,  X.  802. 

MacNeils ,  ancient  castle  of  the,  II.  333,  2  a. 

MacNev'en,  William  James,  Irish  patriot,  X. 
802. 

Macnish,  Robert,  Scottish  physician,  X.  802. 

McNutt ,  county  seat,  X.  315,  2  a. 

Macomb  [ma-koom'],  county,  X.  802. 

Macomb ,  county  seat,  X.  780,  1  a. 

Macomb,  Alexander,  American  soldier,  X.  802. 
William  H.,  naval  officer,  803,  1  ab. 

Macon,  six  counties,  X.  803. 

Macon,  city  of  Georgia,  X.  803  (view,  804). 

Macon,  city  of  Missouri,  X.  804. 

Macon ,  county  seat,  XII.  528,  2  be. 

Macon  [ma-kong],  town  of  France,  X.  804. 

Macon,  Nathaniel,  American  statesman,  X.  804. 

Maconnais  [ma-kun-na],  ancient  territory  in 
Burgundy,  X.  805.  Wines  of,  VII.  412,  2  ab. 

Macoupin  [ma-koo'-pin],  county,  X.  805. 

McPherson,  two  counties,  X.  805. 

Macpherson,  James,  Scottish  author,  X.  805 ; 
XII.  722,  1  a. 

Macquer  [ma-ka],  (Pierre  Joseph,  professor  in 
Paris) :  see  Chemistry,  IV.  361,  1  ab. 

Macbauchenia,  genus  of  fossil  animals,  X.  806. 
M.  Patachonica,  807,  1  a ;  XIII.  155,  1  c. 

Macready,  William  Charles  [mak-re'-de],  Eng¬ 
lish  actor,  X.  807. 

Macri'nus,  Roman  emperor,  X(  807. 

31 


Macrobius,  Ambrosius  Aurelius  Theodosius, 
Latin  author,  X.  808. 

Macrocercus  (ornithology),  X.  770,  2  c. 
Macrocheira  [ma-kro-kl'-ra],  crab,  V.  450,  2  ab. 
Macrocystis  (botany),  VIIs  515,  2  a.  M.  pyri- 
fera,  2  ab ;  XIII.  155,  2  c ;  referred  to,  XV. 
749,  1  a. 

Macrodac'tylus  subspino'sus  (entomology) , 
XIV.  438,  1  be. 

Macrodip' teryx  longipen'nis  (ornithology),  VIII. 
59,  1  ab  (ill.,  58). 

Macropip>er  methysticum  { botany),  XIV.591, 2  a. 
Macropod' idee  (zoology),  IX.  743,  1  a. 
Mac'ropus  gigan'teus  (zoology),  IX.  743,  2  c. 

M.  Atlas,  Titan,  and  Goliali,  744,  2  be. 
Macroram' pirns  (ornithology),  XV.  132,  2  be ; 
M.  griseus,  2  c. 

Macrorhi'nus  proboscid' eus  (zoology),  XIV. 
733,  1  b. 

Macrosaurus)  fossil  reptile,  XI.  858,  1  c. 

Mac' rospore,  in  botany,  XIV.  151,  1  b  (ill.). 
McTyeire,  Holland  Nimmons  [mak-tl'-er], 
American  clergyman,  X.  808. 

McVickar,  John,  clergyman,  X.  808. 
McWhorter,  Alexander  [mak-hwur'-ter],  cler¬ 
gyman,  X.  808. 

“  Mad  as  a  Brentano ,”  III.  250,  2  b. 

“ Mad  as  a  March  hare”  VIII.  456,  2  be. 
Madagascar,  island,  X.  809  (map).  Coast, 
1  c.  Surface,  2  b.  Climate,  810,  1  a.  Geol¬ 
ogy,  1  ab.  Productions,  1  b.  Races,  2  b. 
Heathen  customs  and  rites,  811,  1  ab.  Sla¬ 
very,  1  be.  Food  and  manufactures,  2  b. 
Social  life,  812,  1  a.  Commerce,  2  ab.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  2  e.  Native  religion,  813,  1  a. 
History,  1  c.  Christian  missions,  2  c.  Lan¬ 
guage,  814,  2  a. 

Madagascar  rat ,  X.  339,  2  a. 

Madai  [mad'-a-i],  son  of  Japheth,  IX.  566,  2  be. 
Madame  [ma-dam],  X.  815.  See  Monsieur. 
Madame  Mere  [mair],  title,  III.  25,  1  c. 

Mad' an ,  Mrs.:  see  Pope,  XIII.  709,  1  c. 
Madawaska,  county,  X.  815. 

Maddaloni,  town  of  Italy,  X.  815. 

Madden,  Sir  Frederick,  English  antiquary,  X. 
815. 

Madden,  Richard  Robert,  Irish  author,  X.  815. 
Madder,  plant,  X.  815  (ill.).  Its  property  of 
coloring  the  bones,  816,  2  b.  East  India 
madder,  2  c.  Use  in  dyeing,  VI.  342,  1  ab. 
Madeira  [ma-da'-ra],  island,  X.  817.  Physical 
features,  1  b.  Climate,  2  a.  Soil  and  agri¬ 
culture,  2  b.  Productions,  2  c,  ff.  People- 
818,  2  b.  Commerce,  2  c.  Religion,  819, 


482 


MADEIRA 


MAGADISHU 


1  a.  Ilistory,  1  b.  Wines  of,  817,  2  c;  XIII. 
509,  1  ab. 

Madeira,  river  of  South  America,  X.  819. 

Madeira  vine,  plant,  XIII.  509,  1  ab. 

Made’ Ha,  county  seat,  XVI.  512,  1  c. 

Mademoiselle  [ma-duh-mwa-zel'],  X.  815,  1  b. 

Madera ,  river :  see  Madeira. 

Madison,  name  of  nineteen  counties,  X.  819. 

Madison,  capital  of  Wisconsin,  X.  821.  State 
capitol,  2  be  (ill.,  822). 

Madison,  city  of  Indiana,  X.  822. 

Madison,  village  of  New  Jersey,  X.  822.  Of 
Georgia,  2  c. 

Madison ,  county  seats,  X.  820,  1  a ;  XI.  826, 

2  c ;  XIV.  530,  2  c. 

Madison,  James,  American  bishop,  X.  822. 

Madison,  James,  president  of  the  United  States, 
X.  823.  In  congress,  1  c.  In  the  Virginia 
legislature,  2  ab.  In  the  federal  constitu¬ 
tional  convention,  2  c.  “The  Federalist,” 
824,  1  ab.  Member  of  congress,  1  c.  The 
resolutions  of  1798-’9,  2  c;  his  “Report” 
in  defence  of  them,  825,  1  a.  Secretary  of 
state,  1  b.  Elected  president,  1  c.  Contro¬ 
versy  with  Great  Britain,  2  a ;  "war  declared, 
826,  1  b.  Reelected,  2  a.  Treaty  of  peace, 
827, 1  a.  Retirement,  1  c.  Characterization, 
2  a.  Letter  to  Bentham  on  his  proposed 
code  for  the  United  States,  II.  537,  1  be. 

Madison  Court  House ,  county  seat,  X.  819,  2  c. 

Madison  river ,  XI.  673,  2  b. 

Madison's  cave ,  Virginia,  XVI.  375,  1  c. 

Madison  University  :  see  Hamilton,  X.  Y. 

Madisonville ,  county  seats,  VIII.  811,  2  be  ;  X. 
820,  2  a;  XI.  760,  1  b. 

Madiuni  [ma-du'-ne],  (Selinus),  XIV.  757,  2  a. 

Madler,  Johann  Heinrich  [maid'-ler],  German 
astronomer,  X.  828;  XI.  80,  2  b. 

Madoo,  legendary  Welsh  prince,  X.  828. 

Madockawando,  Indian  chief,  X.  828. 

Madonian  mountains ,  Sicily,  XV.  21,  2  a. 

Madonna,  title,  X.  828.  Pictures  of  the,  2  b. 

Madonna  di  Foliqno,  La ,  origin  of  the  name, 
VII.  302,  1  b. 

Mctdo'qua :  see  Antelope,  I.  545,  2  a. 

Madou,  Jean  Baptiste  [ma-doo],  Belgian  paint¬ 
er,  X.  828.  (Died  1877.) 

Madoz,  Pascual  [ma-£7ioath'],  Spanish  author, 
X.  829. 

Madra ,  ancient  name  of  Bootan,  III.  85,  2  c. 

Madras',  province  of  India,  X.  829.  Divisions, 
1  c.  Coast  line,  2  ab.  Physical  features,  830, 
1  a.  Climate,  1  b.  Soil  and  productions, 
1  c.  Intercommunication  and  commerce,  2  b. 


Finances,  831,  1  a.  Government,  1  b.  Ed¬ 
ucation,  1  c.  Inhabitants,  2  a. — City,  2  a. 
Public  buildings  and  churches,  2  c.  Educa¬ 
tion,  832,  1  a.  Presidency  college,  ib.  (ill.). 
History,  1  c. 

Madrazo,  Jos6  Madrazo  y  Aguda  [ma-^ra-tho 
e  a-goo'-^a],  Spanish  painter,  X.  833.  Frede- 
rico  Madrazo  y  Kunt  [e  koont],  painter,  1  a. 
Madre  de  Dios  [ma'-£7ira  da  de'-oce],  river,  III. 
220,  1  a. 

Madrepora'ria ,  order  of  polyps,  XIII.  689,  2  b. 
Mad'repore  :  see  Coral,  V.  340,  2  a,  c ;  341, 1  a. 
Madreporic  plate  or  body ,  in  star  fishes,  XV. 
320,  2  be. 

Madrid'  [Sp.  ma-threeth'],  province  of  Spain, 
X.  833.  Town,  capital  of  Spain,  1  c.  De¬ 
scription,  2  a,  ff.  The  palace,  835,  2  b  (ill., 
834).  Royal  museum,  2  c.  Hospitals  and 
charitable  institutions,  836, 1  b.  Learned  so¬ 
cieties,  schools,  and  libraries,  1  be.  Climate, 
people,  commerce,  2  a.  History,  837,  1  a. 
Madrigal,  in  music,  X.  837.  Father  of  the 
madrigal,  XII.  89,  1  a. 

Madura  [ma-doo'-ra],  island,  Sunda  group,  X. 

837. 

Madura,  city  of  India,  X.  837  (ilk). 

Madvig,  Johann  Nikolai,  Danish  philologist,  X. 

838. 

M^ean'der,  river  of  Asia  Minor,  X.  838. 
M.ece'nas,  Caius  Cilnius,  Roman  statesman,  X. 
839;  195,  2  ab.  His  friendship  for  Horace, 
VIII.  815,  2  b. 

M^lar  [ma'-lar],  lake  of  Sweden,  X.  839. 
Maelstrom  [mail '-strum],  whirlpool,  Norway, 
X.  839  ;  573,  2  be. 

Maelzel:  see  Metronome,  XI.  460,  2  c,  and 
Mdlzel  (Index). 

Maenac ,  of  the  monument  of  Carnac,  IV.  6, 1  b. 
Mceon'ides  (Homer),  VIII.  778,  2  a. 

Mceo’tis,  Palus:  see  Azov,  Sea  of. 

Maerlant,  Jakob  [mar'-lant],  poet,  X.  839. 
Maes,  Nicolaas  [mils],  Dutch  artist,  X.  839. 
Maestricht  [mas'-trikt],  city  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  X.  839. 

Mce'viad ,  satirical  poem,  VII.  804,  1  be. 
Maffeani,  fasti,  VII.  93,  2  c. 

Maffei,  Francesco  Scipione,  marquis  [maf- 
fa'-e],  Italian  author,  X.  840. 

Maffitt,  John  Newland,  clergyman,  X.  840. 
Mafia  [ma-fe'-a],  brigand  society,  XV.  22,  1  b 
Mafoor  language,  Papuan,  XIII.  58,  2  b. 
Magadhas ,  Hindoo  caste,  IX.  226,  1  a. 

Magadis,  musical  instrument,  X.  759,  2  c. 
Mogadishu :  see  Magadoxo. 


MAGADOXO 


MAGNETISM 


483 


Magadoxo  [Port,  ma-ga-do'-sho],  town  of  E. 
Africa,  X.  840. 

Magaliiaens,  Domingos  Jos6  Gonsalves  de 
[Port.  ma-gal-yings'],  Brazilian  poet,  X.  840. 

Magaliiaens,  Fernando,  Portuguese  navigator, 
X.  841. 

Magdala  [mag-da'-la] :  see  Abyssinia,  I.  47, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Magdala  red ,  a  dye,  XII.  134,  2  b. 

Magdalen  Islands,  Canada,  X.  841. 

Magdalen  grotto ,  near  Adelsberg,  I.  114,  1  c. 

Magdalena  [-la'-na],  state  of  Colombia,  X.  841. 

Madalena,  river,  X.  842. 

Magdalene,  Mary :  see  Mary  Magdalene. 

Mag'deburg  [Ger.  mag'-dbh-boorg],  city  of 
Prussia,  X.  843.  Cathedral,  1  c  (ill.). 

Magdeburg  Centuries ,  alluded  to,  II.  332,  1  c. 

Magdeburg  hemispheres ,  VIII.  298,  1  b. 

Magdeburgian  institutions ,  alluded  to,  IV.  56, 
2  c. 

Magellan,  Fernando  [ma-jel'-lan ;  Sp.  ma-kha- 
lyan'] :  see  Magalhaens. 

Magellan,  Straits  of,  X.  843. 

Magellanic  clouds ,  stellar  nebulae,  XII.  200,  1  c 
(ill.) ;  XV.  315,  1  a,  317,  1  be. 

Magendie,  Francois  [ma-zhang-de],  French  phys¬ 
iologist,  X.  844.  Experiments  in  feeding 
dogs,  I.  316,  1  ab,  c. 

Magen'ta,  town  of  Italy,  and  battle,  X.  845. 

Magenta ,  color,  VI.  343,  1  a. 

Magenta ,  duke  de :  see  MacMahon. 

Maggiore,  Lake :  see  Lago  Maggiore. 

Maggot ,  larva,  VI.  128,  1  b,  2  c.  Rat-tailed, 
130, 1  ab.  Of  the  cheese  fly,  VII.  295,  2  ab. 
Fringed  maggots  infesting  the  human  body, 
295,  1  a,  ab. 

Maghada ,  kingdom  of,  IX.  207,  1  c. 

Maghreb  [ma'-greb] :  see  Morocco. 

Magi,  Persian  priestly  caste,  X.  846;  XIII. 
832,  1  c. 

Magic,  X.  846. 

Magic  Lantern,  X.  847  (ill.). 

Magindanao  [ma-kheen-da-now'j :  see  Philip¬ 
pine  Islands,  XIII.  417,  1  c  (Mindanao). 

Magini,  Giovanni  Paolo  [ma-je'-ne],  Italian  vi¬ 
olin  maker,  X.  848. 

Maginn,  "William,  Irish  author,  X.  848. 

Magister  eguitum ,  VI.  699,  2  b. 

Magister  Islebius :  see  Agricola,  Johannes,  I. 
193,  1  b. 

Magister  Bogel:  see  Bruges,  Eoger  van. 

Magistral ,  in  fortification,  VII.  330,  1  c.  In 
metallurgy,  XV.  51,  1  b. 

Magistracies,  fasti,  VII.  93,  2  c. 


Magistri  lapulum  (architects,  freemasons),  I. 

663,  2  ab.  Magistri  comacini,  1  c. 
Magliabecchi,  Antonio  [ma-lya-bek'-ke],  Ital¬ 
ian  scholar,  X.  848.  |dagliabecchiana,  li¬ 
brary,  2  c. 

Magna  Ciiarta  [kar'-ta],  or  Great  Charter,  X. 

849.  Summary  of  its  general  provisions, 

850.  1  c.  Privileges  to  merchants  confirmed 
by,  219,  2  c.  Its  effect  in  breaking  up  the 
aula  regis,  V.  429,  2  a.  Mistake  in  regard  to 
a  clause  in  it,  IX.  722,  2  c. 

Magna  Gr^ecia,  part  of  ancient  Italy,  X.  850. 
Magnan,  Bernard  Pierre  [ma-nyang],  French 
marshal,  X.  850 ;  III.  50,  1  c,  2  a. 

Magnan,  Valentin,  physician,  X.  851. 
Magnentius,  Flavius  Popilius,  Roman  emperor, 
X.  851.  Alluded  to,  V.  279,  1  a. 

Magnesia,  division  of  ancient  Thessaly,  X. 

851.  Five  cities  of  Asia  Minor,  1  c.  Battle 
of,  2  a;  I.  569,  1  a. 

Magnesia,  oxide  of  magnesium,  X.  851.  Mag¬ 
nesia  alba,  2  b.  Magnesia  nigra :  see  Man¬ 
ganese. 

Magnesia  ad  Sipylum :  see  Manissa. 

Magnesite ,  mineral,  X.  851,  2  b.  Alluded  to, 
VI.  698,  2  ab.  See  Meerschaum. 
Magnesium,  metal,  X.  852. 

Magnet,  X.  852.  Affected  by  distance  above 
the  earth,  I.  148,  1  b. 

Magnetic  curves ,  or  lines  of  force,  VI.  73,  1  ab. 
Magnetic  and  diamagnetic  bodies,  VI.  516,  2  a. 
Magnetic  equator,  I.  67,  1  c. 

Magnetic  force  of  the  earth,  machine  for  exhib¬ 
iting  variations  of,  XIV.  659,  2  a. 

Magnetic  meridians ,  I.  189, 1  c  (Agonic  Line). 
Magnetic  needle ,  VII.  592,  2  b.  See  Compass. 

Variation  first  carefully  noted,  I.  669,  2  a. 
Magnetic  oxide ,  IX.  366,  1  c. 

Magnetic  pole,  position  of,  determined,  I.  672, 
1  c;  counteraction  of  its  influence,  671,  2  a. 
Magnetic  poles,  1. 189, 1  c,  2  a,  b  (Agonic  Line)  ; 

VIII.  448,  2  c ;  XI.  8,  1  ab,  9  1  c,  2  b. 
Magnetic  storms,  XI.  11,  1  b. 

Magnetic  telegraph,  Prof.  Henry’s,VIII.560,2c. 
Magnetic  tub,  1. 525, 1  c.  Magnetic  sleep,  526, 
1  b.  Magnetic  clairvoyant,  ib. 

Magnetism,  XI.  5.  See  Tyndall,  XVI.  90,  2  c, 
91,  2  b.  Asa  motive  power,  IX.  692,  1  c. 
Magnetism,  Animal :  see  Animal  Magnetism. 
Magnetism,  telluric ,  IX.  43,  2  c.  Magnetic  and 
meteorological  stations,  ib. 

Magnetism,  Terrestrial,  XI.  7 ;  VIII.  448,  2  c. 
Changes  in,  XI.  8, 1  a.  Discoveries  respect¬ 
ing  magnetic  perturbations,  9,  2  a.  Move- 


484 


MAGNETITE 


MAILED 


ment  of  the  magnetic  poles,  2  b.  Action  of 
the  sun,  10,  2  a;  of  the  moon,  11, 1  a.  Mag¬ 
netic  storms,  1  b. 

Magnetite ,  iron  ore,  IX.  409,  2  a;  411,  1  c. 
Magneto-Electricity,  XI.  11.  Electro-dy¬ 
namic  induction,  12, 1  ab.  Magneto-electric 
machines,  13, 1  a  (ills.,  14,  15).  Currents  of 
different  orders,  15,  2  be.  Induced  currents 
from  discharges  of  ordinary  electricity,  17, 
1  a.  Induction  in  masses  of  metal  in  motion, 

1  c.  The  magnetism  induced  from  the  earth 
and  sun,  18,  1  b. 

Magnetometer ,  VII.  649,  2  b. 

Magnificat ,  hymn,  XI.  217,  1  a. 

Magnifying  Glass  :  see  Microscope. 

Magnin,  Charles  [ma-nyang],  French  author, 
XI.  18. 

Magnitudes  of  stars,  XV.  309,  1  b. 

Magnol ,  Pierre  [ma-nyul],  (1638-1715),  profes¬ 
sor  of  botany,  XI.  18,  2  b.  His  system  of 
botany,  III.  135,  1  c. 

Magnolia,  genus  of  trees  and  shrubs,  XI.  18. 
Laurel  magnolia,  19, 1  ab  (ill.).  Great-leaved, 

2  c.  Umbrella  tree,  20,  1  a.  Yellow  cucum¬ 
ber  tree,  1  b.  Great-flowered  magnolia,  1  be 
(ill.).  Exotic  species,  2  c  (ill.,  M.  conspicua). 
Cultivation,  21,  1  c. 

Maqnolia ,  county  seats,  IV.  683,  2  c;  V.  117, 
1  a;  VIII.  481,  2  a. 

Magnum ,  port  wine  bottle,  III.  145,  1  c. 
Magnus,  Eduard  [mag'-noos],  German  painter, 
XI.  21. 

Magnus,  Heinrich  Gustav,  chemist,  XI.  21. 

Green  salt  of  Magnus,  2  b. 

Magnus  Lagabceter,  king  of  Norway,  XI.  511, 1  a. 
Magnus  Smek,  king  of  Sweden,  XV.  508,  2  be. 
Magnusen:  see  Magnusson. 

Magnusson,  Finn,  Icelandic  scholar,  XI.  21. 
Mago ,  Carthaginian  writer  on  agriculture,  I. 
201,  1  a. 

Magoffin,  county,  XI.  22. 

Magog :  see  Gog,  and  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Magoon',  Elisha  L.,  American  clergyman,  XI. 

22. 

Magot  [ma-go'] :  see  Macaque,  X.  767, 1  a  (ill.). 
Magpie,  bird,  XI.  22.  European,  2  a.  Ameri¬ 
can,  2  c  (ill.). 

Maguire,  John  Francis,  Irish  journalist,  XI.  23. 
“ Magus  of  the  North  f  VIII.  409,  2  c. 

Magyar,  Laszlo  [mod'-yor],  Hungarian  travel¬ 
ler,  XL  23. 

Magyars  :  see  Hungary,  IX.  55, 1  c ;  62, 1  ab. 
Mahabhdrata  [ma-ka-ba'-ra-ta],  Hindoo  epic, 
IX.  223,  1  b. 


Mahadeo ,  a  Bheel  divinity,  II.  605,  2  a,  b. 
Mahddeva  [ma-ha-da'-va],  in  Hindoo  mytholo¬ 
gy,  IX.  228,  2  a.  Temple  of,  II.  632,  2  a; 

X.  837,  2  c. 

Mahan',  Asa,  American  clergyman,  XI.  23. 
On  logic,  X.  582,  1  c. 

Mahan,  Dennis  Hart,  military  engineer,  XI. 

23.  Milo,  clergyman,  2  c. 

Mahanoy  City  [ma-lia-noi'],  borough  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  XI.  24. 

Mahanud'dy,  river  of  India,  XI.  24. 

Mahaqua  [ma-ha'-ka] :  see  Agmegue. 
Maharajah  [ma-ka-ra'-ja],  title,  XIV.  470,  1  a. 
Mahaska,  county,  XI.  24. 

Mahdi  [ma'-de],  Mohammedan  Messiah,  I.  344, 
1  b ;  VII.  94,  2  a. 

Mahe  de  Labourdonnais :  see  Labourdonnais. 
Mahmoud  I.  [ma-mood'J,  sultan  of  Turkey,  XI. 

24. 

Mahmoud  II.,  sultan  of  Turkey,  XI.  24. 
Mahmoud,  sultan  of  Ghuzni :  see  Giiuzni,  VII. 

793,  2  b;  IX.  207,  2  a. 

Mahogany,  tree,  XI.  25  (ill.). 

Mahomet  :  see  Mohammed. 

Mahon  :  see  Port  Mahon. 

Mahon,  Lord  [ma-hone'J :  see  Stanhope,  Earl. 
Maho'ning,  county,  XI.  26. 

Mahoning  sandstone ,  IV.  736,  2  a. 

Mahony,  Francis  [ma'-lio-ne],  Irish  journalist, 

XI.  26. 

Mahofiac ,  lake,  referred  to,  XIV.  99,  1  be. 
Mahrah ,  tribes  of  VIII.  735,  I  b. 

Mahrattas,  people  of  India,  XI.  26. 

Mahren  [ma'-ren] :  see  Moravia. 

Mai,  Angelo  [mi],  Italian  scholar,  XI.  27. 
Ma'ia  squina'do ,  crab,  XV.  267,  2  a  (ill.,  266). 
Maid ,  fish :  see  Ray,  XIV.  222,  2  ab. 

Maid  Marian :  see  Morris  Dance. 

Maid  of  Saragossa,  I.  210,  1  c  (Agustina). 
Maiden,  beheading  instrument,  VIII.  311, 1  b  ; 
854,  2  a. 

Maiden-hair,  fern,  VII.  150,  2  a  (ill.). 
Maiden-hair  tree  (gingko),  VII.  814,  2  c. 
Maiden  mountain,  Femern,  VII.  120,  1  ab. 
Maiden  of  Norway :  see  Margaret  (Index). 
Maidstone,  borough  of  England,  XI.  27. 

Mail,  and  Mail  Coaches :  see  Post. 

Mail,  Coat  of :  see  Armor. 

Mailand  [mi'-lant] :  see  Milan. 

Mailath,  Janos  Nepomuk,  count  [mi'-lat], 
Hungarian  historian,  XI.  27. 

Maillardet  [ma-yar-da],  Swiss  mechanic,  II. 
155,  2  c. 

Mailed  cheeks ,  fish,  VIII.  334,  2  be. 


MAILLEFERT 


MALACOCLEMMYS 


485 


Maillefert  [Fr.  ma-yuli-fair],  removal  of  ob¬ 
structions  in  the  East  river  by,  II.  G99,  2  c. 

Maillotins  [ma-yuh-tang],  Parisian  insurgents, 
IV.  286,  1  a. 

Mails  on  Sunday,  X.  637,  2  b. 

Maimaciiin  [ml-ma-cheen'] :  see  Kiachta. 

Maimbouro,  Louis  [maDg-boor],  French  histo¬ 
rian,  XI.  27. 

Maimonides,  Moses  [ml-mon'-e-deez],  Jewish 
theologian  and  philosopher,  XI.  27 ;  XIII. 
440,  1  a. 

Main  [mine],  river  of  Germany,  XI.  28. 

Mainardi ,  Jerome  [mi-nar'-de] :  see  Canon 

Law,  III.  719,  2  b. 

Maine,  state,  XI.  28.  State  seal  (ill.).  Popu¬ 
lation,  29,  1  a.  Coast,  2  c.  Rivers  and 
lakes,  30,  1  a.  Surface,  1  ab.  Geology,  1  b. 
Minerals,  2  a.  Climate,  2  b.  Soil  and  pro¬ 
ductions,  31,  1  a.  Agriculture,  1  b.  Indus¬ 
tries,  1  c.  Commerce,  33,  1  a.  Intercom¬ 
munication,  2  b.  Banks,  &c.,  34, 1  a.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  1  ab.  Laws,  2  ab.  Finances,  35, 

1  ab.  Public  institutions,  1  c.  Education, 

2  c.  Libraries,  &c.,  36,  2  c.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  37,  1  a.  History,  1  b.  Early 
settlement  of,  VIII.  113,  2  b. 

Maine ,  ancient  province  of  France,  X.  38. 

Maine,  Sir  Henry  James  Sumner,  English  ju¬ 
rist,  XI.  38. 

Haine-et-Loire  [main-a-lwar],  department  of 
France,  XI.  38. 

Maine  de  Biran,  Francois  Pierre  Gonthier 
[dull  be-rang],  French  metaphysician,  XI.  39. 
See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444.  1  b. 

Maine  liquor  law,  XI.  34,  2  ab ;  XV.  817,  1  a. 

Main'land,  island,  XII.  696,  1  ab. 

Main  spring ,  of  a  watch,  IV.  700,  2  be. 

Maintenon,  Frangoise  d’Aubigne,  marchioness 
de  [duh  mang-tuh-nong],  second  wife  of  Louis 
XIV.,  XI.  39.  Her  relations  with  Fenelon, 
VII.  122,  2  c,  123,  1  c ;  with  Minon  de  l’En- 
clos,  X.  340,  2  ab. 

Mainz  [mints] :  see  Mentz. 

Maipures  [ml-poo'-race],  Indians,  XI.  40. 

Maison  carree  [ma-zong  kar-ra],  ancient  temple 
in  Mimes,  XII.  454,  2  b  (ill.). 

Maisonneuve,  Jules  Germain  Frangois  [ma- 
z6ng-nhv],  French  surgeon,  XI.  40. 

Maisonneuve,  Paul  de  Chomedey,  sieur  de, 
governor  of  Montreal,  XI.  40. 

Maistre,  Joseph,  count  de  [duh  maitr’],  Italian 
statesman  and  French  author,  XI.  40 ;  I. 
283,  2  b  ;  XIII.  444,  1  ab  (twice).  Xavier, 
count  de,  author,  XI.  41,  1  c. 


Maitland,  East  and  West,  towns  of  Mew  South 
Wales,  XI.  41. 

Maitland,  Sir  Richard,  Scottish  lawyer,  XI.  41. 
Maitland,  Samuel  Roffey,  English  clergyman, 
XI.  41. 

Maitland,  Thomas,  nom  de  plume,  III.  382,  2  c. 
Maitrank  or  Maiwein  [mi'-trank,  mi'-vine], 
flavored  wine,  XVI.  711,  1  a. 

Maize,  or  Indian  corn,  XI.  42  (ill.).  Varieties, 
2  b.  Origin,  43,  1  b.  Analysis,  1  c.  Pre¬ 
paration  for  food,  2  ab.  Other  uses,  44, 
1  ab.  Cultivation,  2  be.  Corn  smut,  45, 

1  c  (ill.).  Production  in  the  United  States, 

2  a.  Mummied  maize  (imposture),  XVI. 
587,  2  b. 

Maize'na,  preparation  of  maize,  XI.  44,  2  b. 
Majesty,  title,  XI.  45.  Crimina  laesso  majesta- 
tis,  46,  1  a. 

MajoVica  ware  [Ital.  ma-yo'-le-ka],  origin  of 
the  name,  XI.  46,  1  c ;  XIII.  778,  2  a.  Mezza 
majolica,  781,  1  c. 

Major  mode,  in  music,  XII.  78,  2  b. 

Major  premise,  in  logic,  X.  579,  2  ab. 
Majorano,  Gaetano  [ma-yo-ra'-no] :  see  Caf- 

FARELLI. 

Majorca,  largest  Balearic  island,  XI.  46. 
Majoristic  controversy,  X.  733,  1  b. 

Majority ,  age  of,  I.  181,  2  a. 

Makamat',  Arabic  poem,  I.  623,  2  c ;  VIII. 
462,  2  c. 

Make-hawk ,  in  falconry,  VII.  71,  1  a. 

Makemie ,  Francis  [mak'-e-me],  (preacher,  died 
1708),  founder  of  Presbyterianism  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  XIII.  812,  1  c. 

Maki  [ma'-ke] :  see  Lemur,  X.  339,  1  c. 

Mala  et  bona  species ,  Haeckel’s  theory  of,  VIII. 

372,  2  c ;  373,  la:  see  371,  2  c. 

Malabar',  district  of  British  India,  XL  46. 
Climate,  47,  1  a.  Vegetation,  1  b.  Ani¬ 
mals,  1  c.  Population  and  religions,  2  a. 
History,  48,  1  a. 

Malabar  Coast,  XI.  48 ;  IX.  201,  2  a. 
Malabar  current,  IX.  244,  2  b. 

Maldbath'rum :  see  Benzoin,  II.  545,  2  c. 
Mal'aca,  ancient  city,  XI.  53,  1  c  (Malaga). 
Malao'oa,  British  territory,  Malay  peninsula, 
XI.  48.  Capital  city,  49,  1  a. 

Malacca,  Straits  of,  XI.  49. 

Malacca  canes ,  XIII.  19,  1  a. 

Malachi  [mal'-a-ki],  Hebrew  prophet,  XI.  49. 
Malachi,  Saint :  see  Malachy. 

Malachite:  see  Copper,  V.  319,  1  c. 
Malachy,  Saint  [mal'-a-ke],  XI.  49. 
Malacoclemmys  palustris  (zoology),  XV.  662, 1  a. 


486 


MALACOLOGY 


MALMESBURY 


Malacology,  department  of  zoology,  XI.  50. 
Malacoptekygians,  division  of  fishes,  XI.  51. 
Malacos'traca  (Crustacea),  subdivisions  of,  V. 
532,  2  b. 

Malade  C%y[ma-lad'],  county  seat,  XII.  629,  2  b. 
Maladie  du  granit  [ma-la-de  dii  gra-ne],  YIII. 
153,  2  b. 

Malm :  see  Berbera. 

Mal'aga,  province  of  Spain,  XI.  52.  Capital 
city,  1  c  (view).  History,  53,  1  c. 

Malaga  raisins ,  XI.  53,  1  b ;  XIY.  189,  2  ab. 
Malaga  wines ,  XV.  224,  2  c. 

Malagasy  [ma-la-ga'-se],  language  of  Madagas¬ 
car,  X.  814,  2  a ;  XI.  57,  1  be. 

Malagueta  pepper  [ma-la-ga'-ta],  III.  777,  1  c. 
Malakhoff  :  see  Crimea,  Y.  485,  1  c. 
Malakoff ’  duke  of:  see  Pelissier. 

Malan',  Cesar  Henri  Abraham  [Fr.  ma-lang], 
Swiss  theologian,  XI.  53.  Solomon  Ceesar, 
English  clergyman,  2  a. 

Malandrium :  see  Mullein,  XII.  30,  2  c. 
Malapteru’rus  elec'tricus  (ichthyology),  YI. 

499,  2  a  (ill.). 

Malar :  see  M^elar. 

Malaria,  or  Marsh  Miasm,  XI.  53. 

Malatesta,  Italian  family,  rulers  of  Rimini, 
&c.,  XI.  54. 

Malay  Archipelago:  see  Indian  Archipelago. 
Malayo-Polynesian  Races  and  Languages, 
XI.  55.  Malayan  division,  56,  1  a ;  Polyne¬ 
sian,  2  ab.  Languages,  57,  1  a. 

Malay  Peninsula,  XI.  59.  Territory,  1  c. 
Zoology,  2  c.  Flora,  60,  1  b.  Climate,  1  c. 
Native  population,  ib. 

Malaydlam  [mal-a-ya'-lam],  language  of  India, 
IX.  215,  2  b ;  219,  2  c  ;  220,  2  a,  b  (alphabet). 
Malays ,  VI.  757,  2  c;  XI.  56,  1  a,  ff . ;  60,  2  a; 

726,  2  b ;  XY.  465,  2  ab. 

Malbone',  Edward  G.,  American  portrait 
painter,  XI.  61. 

Malbridge ,  statutes  of  XI.  176,  2  c  ;  XIY. 
272,  2  b  (Marlbridge). 

Malbrook  den  va ,  &c.,  military  refrain,  X.  68, 2  c. 
Malbrouck ,  monkey,  XI.  753,  1  b. 

Malcolm  [mal'-kum],  kings  of  Scotland,  XIY. 
704,  2  a,  b.  Malcolm  III.,  son  of  Duncan, 
2  a ;  YI.  433,  2  ab ;  X.  771,  2  c. 

Malcolm,  Sir  John,  British  diplomatist,  XI. 
61;  I.  161,  1  a. 

Malcom,  Howard,  American  clergyman,  XI.  61. 
Malczewski,  Antoni  [mal-chev'-ske],  Polish 
poet,  XI.  61. 

Malden  [mawl'-den],  town  of  Massachusetts, 
XI.  62. 


Mal'dives,  islands,  Indian  ocean,  XI.  62. 

Malebranche,  Nicolas  [mal-brangsh],  French 
metaphysician,  XI.  63;  811,  2  c;  X.  324, 
2  ab ;  XIII.  441,  1  b.  His  interview  with 
Berkeley,  II.  560,  1  b. 

Mal'ecites ,  Indian  tribe,  I.  19,  2  c. 

Malediva  islands  [ma-la-de'-va] :  see  Maldives. 

Male  Fern,  plant,  XI.  63  (ill.). 

Male  jalap,  IX.  509,  2  be. 

Malek  Shah  [ma'-lek  ska],  Seljuk  sovereign, 
XIY.  757,  2  b. 

MaVekites,  Mohammedan  sect,  XI.  697,  1  b. 
See  Sunna. 

Malesherbes,  Chretien  Guillaume  de  Lamoi- 
gnon  de  [mal-zairb],  French  statesman,  XI. 
64. 

Malet,  Claude  Francois  de  [ma-la],  conspira¬ 
tor,  XI.  64. 

Malestroit,  Jehan  de  [ma-la-trwa],  freebooter, 
IY.  661,  2  c. 

Malexentum  (Benevento),  II.  522,  2  a. 

Malev'olus ,  a  name  of  Mercury,  XI.  404,  2  ab. 

Malfontaine ,  Mademoiselle  Raigner  de,  noin  de 
plume,  VII.  625,  2  c. 

Malherbe,  Francois  de  [ma-lairb],  French 
poet,  XI.  64 ;  VII.  404,  2  a. 

Malheur  river  [mal-oor'J,  Oregon,  XII.  679,  1  a. 

Malibran,  Maria  Felicia  [ma-le-brans],  singer, 
XI.  65. 

Mal'ic  acid ,  XIII.  764,  1  ab. 

Malikaneh,  Turkish  land  grants,  XYI.  59,  2  c. 

Malinche  [ma-leen'-cha] :  see  Marina. 

Malines  [ma-leen] :  see  Mechlin. 

Malintzin  [ma-leen-tseen'] :  see  Marina. 

Malkin,  clown :  see  Morris  Dance. 

Mallard:  see  Duck,  YI.  288,  2  c  (ill.). 

Mallet,  hammer,  YIII.  426,  1  c. 

Mallet,  Charles  Auguste  [ma-la],  French  phi¬ 
losopher,  XI.  65. 

Mallet,  David,  Scottish  author,  XI.  65. 

Mallet,  Paul  Henri,  Swiss  historian,  XI.  66. 

Mailed 8  process,  for  galvanizing  iron,  VII.  602, 
1  a. 

Malleus,  of  the  ear,  YI.  351,  1  c. 

MaVlidm,  family  of  fishes,  XII.  36,  1  c. 

Mallorca  [ma-lyore'-ka] :  see  Majorca. 

Mallow,  plant,  XI.  66.  Wild  mallow,  1  c 
(ill.) ;  dwarf,  2  b  ;  musk,  2  be ;  hollyhock,  2  c. 

Malmaison,  La  [la  mal-ma-zong],  village  of 
France,  and  palace,  XI.  67. 

Malmesbury  [mamz'-b&r-e],  borough  of  Eng¬ 
land,  XI.  67. 

Malmesbury,  James  Harris,  earl  of,  diplomatist, 
XI.  67.  James  Howard  Harris,  earl  of,  2  a. 


MALMESBURY 


MANASSAS 


487 


Malmesbury,  William  of,  historian,  XI.  67. 
Malmo,  province  of  Sweden,  XI.  67.  City,  2  c. 
Malmsey  [mam'-ze] :  see  Greece,  Wines  of, 
VIII.  216,  2  c,  217,  1  c. 

Malone ',  county  seat,  VII.  433,  1  b. 

Malone,  Edmond,  Irish  Shakespearian  scholar, 
XL  68. 

Malorussian  tribe ,  allusion  to,  V.  391,  1  c. 

Mai  pais  [mal  pice],  of  Colorado,  V.  102,  1  c. 
Malpighi,  Marcello  [mal-pe'-glie],  Italian  anato¬ 
mist,  XI.  68.  Influence  on  botanical  science, 

III.  132,  2  a. 

Malpighian  vessels  (of  insects),  IX.  312,  1  c; 

corpuscles  (splenic),  XV.  280,  1  c,  2  a  (ill.). 
Malplaquet  [mal-pla-ka],  village  of  France, 
and  battle  of,  XI.  68. 

Mdls,  meetings  of  Frankish  tribes,  IV.  247,  2  a. 
Malt  :  see  Brewing,  III.  257,  2  a. 

Malt  iciln ,  III.  258,  2  b. 

Malta  [mawl'-ta],  group  of  islands,  XI.  68. 
Malta  proper,  69,  1  a.  Gozo,  1  he.  Mal¬ 
tese,  1  c.'  Language,  &c.,  2  a.  Imports,  2  c. 
Government,  ib.  Ancient  Melita,  70,  1  b. 
Malta ,  Knights  of:  see  Saint  John  of  Jeru¬ 
salem. 

Malte-Brun  [mawl-te-brun' ;  Fr.  malt-brung], 
geographer,  XI.  70.  Victor  Adolphe,  2  c. 
Maltese  cat  [mawl-teez'j,  IV.  92,  2  a. 

Maltese  cross ,  plant,  X.  741,  2  a. 

Maltese  dog ,  XV.  228,  2  a. 

Maltha,  mineral  tar,  XI.  71. 

Mal'thus,  Thomas  Robert,  English  political 
economist,  XI.  71 ;  XIII.  669,  2  a. 

Maltine  [mal'-tin],  principle  in  malt,  VI.  80,  2  b. 
Maltitz,  Apollonius  von,  baron  [fon  mal'-tits], 
German  author,  XI.  72.  Franz  Friedrich 
von,  poet,  1  a.  Gotthilf  August  von,  1  ah. 
Maltose :  see  Sugar,  XV.  440,  2  c. 

Maltrav'ers ,  Lord:  see  Arundel,  I.  798,  1  b. 
Maltzan,  Heinrich  Karl  Eckardt  Hellmuth, 
baron  [mal'-tsan],  German  traveller,  XI.  72. 
Malum  Parsicum  (botany),  XIII.  205,  1  a. 
Malus,  Ltienne  Louis  [ma-liis],  French  engi¬ 
neer  and  physicist,  XL  72.  Discovery  in 
polarization  of  light,  X.  445,  1  c;  448,  1  b. 
Experiments  in  polarization  of  heat,  452,  2  b. 
His  polariscope,  447,  1  c  (ills.). 

Malm  (botany),  XI.  66,  1  be.  M.  sylvestris, 
1  c  (ill.),  &c. 

Malva’cece  (botany),  VIII.  713,  2  a;  XI.  66, 
1  be,  2  c. 

Malvern,  Great  [maw'-vern],  England,  XI.  72. 
Mal'vern  Hill,  Battle  of :  see  Chickahominy, 

IV.  415,  2  c. 


Malvoisine,  William  de  [mal'-vo-zin],  Scottish 
ecclesiastic,  XI.  72. 

Malwa,  province  of  India,  XI.  73. 

Mdlzel  [mel'-tsel],  (Leonhard,  born  about  1776, 
court  musical  machinist  at  Vienna)  :  see  Au¬ 
tomaton,  II.  155,  2  a,  and  Maelzel  (Index). 

Mama  Oello  Huaco  [ma'-rna  wa'-lyo  wa'-ko],  in 
Peruvian  legend,  III.  13, 1  a;  XIII.  341,  2  c. 

MambooJeiSi  Catfre  tribe,  III.  547,  1  c. 

Mame,  Alfred  Henri  Armand  [mam],  French 
printer,  XI.  73. 

Mam'elukes,  XI.  73.  Massacre  of,  74,  1  c; 
361,  2  ab. 

Mamers  (Mars),  XI.  190,  2  c;  418,  1  c. 

Mamertine  prisons,  Rome,  XIV.  411,  1  be. 

Mamertines  [mam'-er-tins] :  see  Messina,  XI. 
418,  1  c  (Mamertini). 

Mamestrians,  moths,  XI.  870,  1  a. 

Mamiani,  Terenzio  della  Rovere,  count  [mi- 
mya'-ne],  Italian  philosopher,  XI.  74;  815, 
1  b ;  XIII.  444,  2  c. 

Mammalia,  highest  vertebrates,  XI.  75.  Anat¬ 
omy,  1  ab,  tf.  Physical  distribution,  79,  1  ab. 
Systems  of  classification,  2  ab,  ff.  Fossil 
mammals,  82,  2  c. 

Mammalian  eye ,  VII.  42,  2  b. 

Mammalogy ,  classification  of  mammalia,  XI. 
79,  2  ab. 

Mammals ,  Agassiz’s  division  of,  IV.  12,  1  ab. 

Mammary  Glands,  XI.  83. 

Mam'mea  America’ na  (botany),  XI.  83,  2  c. 

Mammee  Apple,  XI.  83  (ill.,  84). 

Mammoth,  fossil  elephant,  XI.  84  (ills.). 

Mammoth  anthracite  bed ,  I.  550,  2  a. 

Mammoth  Cave,  Kentucky,  XI.  85. 

Mammoth  tree ,  of  California,  III.  606,  1  ab. 
See  Sequoia. 

Mamore  [ma-mo-ra'],  river  of  Bolivia,  III.  13, 

1  be. 

Mamposteria  [mam-poce-ta-re'-a],  building  com¬ 
position,  XIV.  624,  1  c. 

Man:  see  Anatomy,  Archeology,  Compara¬ 
tive  Anatomy,  Ethnology,  Mammalia, 
PniLosopnY,  and  Physiology.  Era  of  man : 
see  Pliocene,  XIII.  613,  2  c. 

Man,  Isle  of,  Great  Britain,  XI.  86. 

Man  in  the  iron  mash :  see  Iron  Mask. 

Man  machine ,  in  mining,  XL  575,  1  a. 

Man-of-war  bird  (albatross),  I.  249,  2  c. 

Managua  [ma-na'-gwa],  capital  of  Nicaragua, 
XI.  87. 

Managua,  Lake,  XI.  87. 

Manakin,  bird,  XI.  87  (ills.,  88). 

Manassas,  Battles  of :  see  Bull  Run. 


488 


MA  1ST  ASSET! 


MANTCELEANS 


Manasseh,  Hebrew  patriarch  and  tribe,  XI. 

88.  King  of  Judah,  2  c;  VIII.  589,  1  c. 
Manasseh  ben  Joseph  ben  Israel :  see  Menasseh 

ben  Israel. 

Manatee',  aquatic  mammal,  XT.  88.  Florida 
manatee,  89,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  South  American, 
2  b ;  northern,  2  c. 

Manatee,  county,  XI.  90. 

Manatee ,  county  seat,  XI.  90,  1  b. 

Mana'tus  (zoology),  XI.  88,  2  c.  M.  latirostris, 

89.  2  b  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Manayunk'  :  see  Philadelphia,  XIII.  389,  1  c. 
Manbote ,  blood  money,  II.  738,  1  c. 

Manby,  George  William,  English  officer,  XI. 

90.  His  life-saving  inventions,  1  c. 

Manca ,  piece  of  gold  as  coin,  XI.  738,  1  c. 
Mancarita  [man-ka-re'-ta],  unknown  quadru¬ 
ped,  V.  86,  2  be. 

Mancha,  La  [la  man'-cha],  province  of  Spain, 
XI.  90. 

Manohe,  La  [la  mangsh],  department  of  France, 
XI.  90. 

Man'ciiester,  city  of  Hew  Hampshire,  XI.  90. 
Manchester,  town  of  Connecticut,  XI.  91. 
Manchester ,  county  seats,  II.  532,  1  c ;  IV.  651, 
1  b;  V.  18,  1  b. 

Manchester,  city  of  England,  XI.  92.  Eoyal 
exchange,  2  c  (ilk).  Assize  courts,  93,  1  a 
(ill.).  Manufactures,  94,  1  c  (table,  2  c).  His¬ 
tory,  95,  1  ab. 

Manchester  unity  :  see  Odd  Fellows,  XII.  578, 
1  c.  American  unity,  2  a. 

Manchineel',  tree,  XL  95  (ill.). 

Manchooria  :  see  Mantchooria. 

Mancini  [man-che'-ne],  Roman  family,  XI.  95. 
Laure,  niece  of  Mazarin,  96,  1  a.  Olympe, 
“  black  soul  and  black  face,”  ib.  Marie,  1  b. 
Hortense,  1  c.  Marie  Anne,  2  b. 

Mancini,  Pasquale,  Italian  statesman,  XI.  96. 

Laura  Beatrice  Oliva,  poetess,  97,  1  a. 
Manco  Capac,  mythical,  XI.  97;  III.  13,  1  a; 

XIII.  341,  2  c.  Inca  of  Peru,  XI.  97,  1  b. 
Mancunium :  see  Manchester,  England. 
Mancusa :  see  Money,  XI.  738,  1  c. 

Mandalay :  see  Mandelay. 

Mandamus,  remedial  writ,  XI.  97.  See  Eject¬ 
ment,  VII.  26,  1  a,  2  a. 

Mandans,  Indian  tribe,  XI.  98. 

Mandarin  duck ,  XVI.  708,  1  be. 

Mandarining ,  in  calico  printing,  III.  590,  2  b. 
Mandatary ,  mandator ,  XI.  99,  1  be. 

Mandate,  law  term,  XI.  99. 

Mandats  [mang-da] :  see  Assignats,  II.  30,  2  b. 
Mandelay',  capital  of  Burmah,  XI.  100  (view). 


Mandeville,  Sir  John,  English  author,  XI.  100. 
Mandingo,  country  of  W.  Africa,  XI.  101 ;  II. 
333,  1  c.  Mandingos,  ib.,  and  X.  398,  2  b, 
399,  1  ab ;  money  used  by  them,  XI.  736, 
2  b.  Mandingo  dialect,  I.  171,  2  a. 
Mandioca :  see  Cassava. 

Mandolin:  see  Violin,  XVI.  364,  1  be. 
Mandoline ,  musical  box,  XII.  94,  2  b. 
Mandrag'ora  :  see  Mandrake. 

Mandrake,  plant,  XI.  101  (ill.).  Another, 
XIII.  633,  1  c  (ill.). 

Mandrel,  axis  of  lathe,  XVI.  73,  2  b. 
Mandrill  :  see  Baboon,  II.  184,  2  c  (ill.). 
Mandrucus  [man-droo-koos'J,  S.  American  In¬ 
dians,  XVI.  41,  1  be,  2  a. 

Mandu,  Egyptian  divinity,  XII.  116,  2  b. 
Manes  [ma'-neez] :  see  Manich^eans. 

Manes,  in  mythology,  XI.  101. 

Man'etho,  Egyptian  historian,  XI.  101  ;  VI. 
458,  2  c. 

Manfred,  prince  of  Tarentum,  XI.  102 ;  IV. 
299,  1  c. 

Manfredonia,  seaport  of  Italy,  XI.  102. 
Man'gabey ,  monkey,  XI.  753,  1  b. 

Mangode' sum :  see  Manganese,  XI.  102,  2  c. 
Manganese',  XI.  102 ;  IX.  370,  2  c. 
Manganesium,  manganium,  XI.  102,  2  c. 
Mangarai  [man-ga-ri'],  island :  see  Flores. 
Mangas  Colorado ,  Indian  chief,  I.  580,  1  a. 
Mange  [mainjj,  disease,  VI.  695,  1  c. 

Mangel  Wurzel:  see  Beet,  II.  471,  1  c. 
Mangkassar :  see  Macassar. 

Mangifera  (botany),  XI.  104,  2  c.  M.  Indica, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Mangles,  James,  British  traveller,  XI.  104. 
Mango,  fruit,  XI.  104  (ill.). 

Mangoes ,  pickled  fruit,  XI.  105,  1  be. 
Mangosteen',  tree,  XI.  105  (ilk). 

Mangrove,  tropical  plants,  XI.  105  (ills.). 
Mang-tsze :  see  China,  IV.  473,  2  a. 
Manhattan,  county  seat,  XIV.  335,  2  b. 
Manhattan  Island  :  see  New  York,  XII. 
373,  1  a,  be. 

Manheim  :  see  Mannheim. 

Manhood ,  ripe  period  of  adult  life,  I.  181,  1  a. 
Mani  [ma'-ne] :  see  Manich^eans. 

Mania,  form  of  insanity,  IX.  304,  1  a. 

Mania  a  potu :  see  Delirium  Tremens. 
Manicaria  saccharifera  (botany),  XIII.  20,  2  a. 
MANicmEANS  [man-e-ke'-ans],  religious  sect, 
XL  106.  Elements  of  their  system,  107, 
2  ab ;  doctrines,  ib. ;  moral  principles,  108, 
1  a ;  religious  usages,  1  ab ;  history,  1  b. 
On  the  eucharist,  X.  638,  1  b ;  640,  1  a. 


MANTFAISE 


MANTELL 


4SG 


Manifaise :  see  Armor,  I.  734,  1  a. 
Manifestation  of  conscience:  see  Jesuits,  IX. 
628,  1  a. 

Manihot  (botany),  IV.  62,  1  ab.  M.  utilissima, 
2  a  (ill.)  ;  starch  granules  of  (ill.),  XV.  318, 

1  a.  M.  aipi,  IV.  62,  2  a.  M.  Janipha,  ib. 
Manikin  :  see  Anatomical  Preparations. 
Manil'a  [Sp.  ma-ne'-la],  capital  of  the  Philip¬ 
pines,  XI.  109  (view). 

Manila  Hemp,  XI.  110  (ill.) ;  II.  373,  2  a. 
Use  in  paper  making,  XIII.  48,  2  ab  ;  in  rope 
making,  XIV.  425,  1  b,  2  c. 

Manilian  laic ,  IX.  5,  1  c. 

Manilius,  Marcus,  Latin  poet,  XI.  111. 

Manin,  Daniele  [ma-neen'J,  Italian  statesman, 
XI.  111. 

Manioc  :  see  Cassava. 

Manis  (zoology) :  see  Pangolin.  M.  pentadac- 
tyla,  XIII.  37,  2  b  (ill.).  M.  tetradactyla,  2  c. 
Manissa,  or  Manisa,  Asia  Minor,  XI.  111. 
Manistee',  county,  XI.  112. 

Manistee,  city  of  Michigan,  XI.  112. 
Manitoba,  province  of  Canada,  XI.  112.  Pop¬ 
ulation,  1  b.  Surface,  2  ab.  Lakes  and 
rivers,  2  c.  Geology,  113,  1  ab.  Climate, 
soil,  and  vegetation,  1  c,  ff.  Animals,  2  b. 
Trade  and  communication,  ib.  Government, 

2  c.  Education,  114,  1  b.  Religion,  1  c. 
History,  ib. 

Manitoba,  Lake,  XI.  115. 

Man'itou,  Indian  object  of  worship,  XI.  115. 
Manitou,  county,  XI.  115. 

Manitou'lin  Islands,  Lake  Huron,  XI.  115. 
Manitowoc',  county,  XI.  115. 

Manitowoc,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XI.  115. 
Manka'to,  city  of  Minnesota,  XI.  115. 
Manley,  John,  American  naval  officer,  XI.  116. 
Manley,  Mary,  English  authoress,  XI.  116. 
Manlii  [man'-le-i],  a  Roman  gens,  XI.  116. 

Marcus  Manlius  Capitolinus,  2  b. 

Manlius:  see  Manlii,  and  Torquatus. 

Manly  art  (pugilism),  XIV.  73,  2  b. 

Manmatha ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  230,  2  b. 
Mann,  Horace,  American  educationist,  XI. 
116;  I.  567,  2  c. 

Manna,  juice  of  several  plants,  XI.  118 ;  I. 
806,  2  a ;  XV.  440,  2  b.  Manna  ash,  XI. 
118,  la  (ill.).  Australian  manna,  XV.  441, 
1  b;  of  Brian^on,  2  be;  Trehala,  2  c;  of 
St.  Nicholas  of  Bari,  poison,  I.  608,  2  c. 
Use  in  medicine,  XI.  118,  2  a. 

Manna ,  sugar  of:  see  Mannite. 

Mannaia  [man-na'-ya],  instrument  of  execu¬ 
tion,  VIII.  311,  1  ab. 


Manners,  John  :  see  Granby. 

Mannheim  [man'-hime],  Baden,  XI.  118. 

Mannheim  golf  III.  213,  2  ab. 

Mannin :  see  Man,  Isle  of. 

Manning ,  county  seat,  IV.  632,  1  a. 

Manning,  Henry  Edward,  English  archbishop, 
XI.  119  ;  IX.  265,  2  a,  b,  c.  (Cardinal,  1875.) 

Manning,  James,  American  clergyman,  first 
president  of  Brown  university,  XI.  119. 

Mannitanides  [man'-ne-tan-ids] :  see  Mannite, 
XI.  120,  1  c. 

Mannite,  a  glucose,  XI.  120  ;  XV.  440,  2  a,  b. 

Mannitose :  see  Mannite,  and  XV.  441,  1  a. 

Manny ,  county  seat,  XIV.  507,  2  a. 

Manoel :  see  Emanuel. 

Man-of-War  Bird  :  see  Frigate  Bird. 

Manom'eter,  instrument,  XI.  120  (ills.). 

Manrequez  [man-ra-kaith'],  Spanish  governor 
of  Florida,  IX.  489,  2  a,  b. 

Manresa  [man-ra'-sa],  town  of  Spain,  XI.  121. 

Mans,  Le  [luh  mang],  town  of  France,  XI.  121. 
Battles  of,  2  c;  X.  175,  1  b. 

Man' sard  roof  XI.  122,  1  a;  XIV.  420,  2  a. 

Mansart,  or  Mansard,  Francois  [mang-sar], 
French  architect,  XI.  121.  Jules  Hardouin, 
architect,  122,  1  a. 

Mansdotter ,  Katrina ,  queen  of  Sweden,  VI. 
709,  2  a. 

Mansel,  Henry  Longueville,  English  author, 
XI.  122 ;  XIII.  445,  2  c. 

Mansfeld  [mance'-felt],  German  noble  family, 
XI.  122.  Peter  Ernst,  count  of,  imperial 
general  and  statesman,  2  a.  Ernst,  Protes¬ 
tant  general,  2  ab. 

Mansfeldbituminous copper  slates ,VIII.  493,  2  b. 

Mansfield,  town  of  Connecticut,  XI.  122. 

Mansfield,  city  of  Ohio,  XI.  123. 

Mansfield ,  Mount ,  Vermont,  VIII.  235,  2  c. 

Mansfield ,  chemist,  II.  546,  1  a. 

Mansfield,  William  Murray,  earl  of,  English 
jurist,  XI.  123. 

Mansion  house ,  London,  X.  593,  2  c. 

Manslaughter,  in  law,  XI.  124. 

Mant,  Richard,  English  bishop,  XI.  126. 

Mantchooria,  country  of  Asia,  XI.  126. 

Mantchoos ,  XI.  126,  2  c ;  VII.  307,  1  c  (Man- 
tchoo  Tartars).  Their  conquest  of  China,  XI. 
127,  la;  IV.  459,  2  a. 

Mantegna,  Andrea  [man-ta'-nya],  Italian  ar¬ 
tist,  XI.  127. 

Manteiga  de  tartaruga  [man-ta'-ga  da  tar-ta- 
roo'-ga],  tortoise  butter,  XI.  143,  1  b. 

Man'tell,  Gideon  Algernon,  English  geolo¬ 
gist,  XI.  127. 


490. 


MANTEO 


MARATHON 


Manteo ,  county  seat,  V.  685,  2  c. 

Manteuffel,  Otto  Theodor,  baron  [inan'-toi- 
fel],  Prussian  statesman,  XI.  127.  Ivarl 
Rochus  Edwin,  baron,  soldier,  128,  1  a. 
Manti ,  county  seat,  XIY.  610,  1  a. 

Mantine'a,  ancient  town  of  Arcadia,  XI.  128. 
Ruins  of,  2  a. 

Mantis  (zoolog}),  XI.  128.  M.  religiosa,  2  b 
(ill.).  M.  Carolina,  2  c. 

Mantle ,  of  flame,  VII.  254,  1  a. 

Mantling ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  b. 

Man' tom:  see  Mantua. 

Mantra  period,  in  Vedic  literature,  IX.  222,  2  c. 
Man'tua,  province  of  Italy,  XI.  129.  Capital 
city,  1  a  (view).  Public  edifices,  1  c.  Edu¬ 
cational  and  charitable  institutions,  &c.,  2  c. 
History,  130,  1  a. 

Manu  [ma'-noo],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  II.  159, 

1  b ;  IX.  225,  1  ab.  Laws  of,  223,  1  ab  : 
see  Geology,  VII.  687,  1  c. 

Manuel,  name  of  two  Byzantine  emperors,  XI. 
130.  Manuel  I.  Comnenus,  1  c;  I.  279,  2  a. 
Manuel  II.  Palseologus,  XI.  130,  2  b. 
Manufactory  scheme ,  banking  speculation,  I. 
107,  1  a,  c. 

Manufactures ,  colonial ,  restrained  by  British 
legislation,  XVI.  152,  1  b. 

Manumission,  Roman,  XI.  130. 

Manures:  see  Agricultural  Chemistry,  I. 
197,  1  ab,  ff.  Theory  of  manuring,  ib.  Sta¬ 
ble  manure,  2  b;  other  ingredients,  2  c; 
special,  198,  1  a.  Enriching  and  exhausting 
crops,  1  c.  Green  manuring,  2  b.  Nitro¬ 
genous  manures,  199,  2  b. 

Manuscript,  in  bibliography,  XI.  131  (ill.). 
Form,  1  b.  Transcription,  1  c.  Illumina¬ 
tion,  2  a.  Initials,  2  b.  Ornamentation,  2  c, 
ff.  Oldest  extant,  132,  1  b.  On  parchment, 

2  a;  palimpsests,  ib.  Of  the  Bible,  2  c. 
Science  of,  133,  2  c :  see  Diplomatics. 
Characters,  ib.  Abbreviations,  134,  1  b. 
Arabic  numerals,  1  c. 

Manuscript  of  Koniginhof  VIII.  441,  1  b. 
Manu'tius,  family  of  Italian  printers,  XI.  134. 
Aldus  the  Elder,  2  a;  IX.  461,  1  b.  Pau- 
lus,  XI.  134,  2  b.  Aldus  the  Younger,  2  c. 
Manuzio  [ma-noo'-tse-o] :  see  Manutius. 
Manx,  Celtic  tribe,  XI.  87,  1  b. 

Manx  cat ,  IV.  92,  2  ab  (ill.). 

“  Many  carried  their  mills ,  dec.,  on  their 
shoulders ,”  author  of,  II.  503,  1  a. 
Manyplies:  see  Ruminantia,  XIV.  467,  2  c. 
Manzanilla  wines  [man-tha-ne'-lya],  XV.  224, 
2  be. 


Manzanillo,  fruit  of  the  mancliineel,  XI.  95,  2  a. 
Manzo'ni,  Alessandro,  count,  Italian  novelist, 
XI.  135. 

Mao'ri  :  see  New  Zealand,  XII.  412,  1  be. 
Language  of  the  Maoris,  413,  1  c.  Origin, 
414,  1  a.  Insurrection  of,  II.  102,  1  c. 

Map,  XI.  135.  Methods  of  map  making,  2  ab,  ff. 
For  special  objects,  136,  2  a.  Of  the  United 
States,  2  b.  Among  ancient  nations,  2  c. 
Early  maps  of  America,  137,  1  a. 

Map,  Walter:  see  Mapes. 

Mapes,  Walter,  English  Latin  poet,  XI.  137. 
Maphrian,  Jacobite  prelate,  IX.  500,  1  c. 
Mapilas  [ma-pe'-las],  Mussulmans  of  Malabar, 
XI.  47,  2  c. 

Mapimi  [ma-pe'-me],  desert  of  Mexico,  XI.  137. 
Maple,  tree,  XI.  137.  Red  or  swamp  maple, 
2  c ;  white  or  silver,  138,  1  c ;  sugar,  2  a 
(ill.);  striped,  139,  1  c;  large-leaved,  &c., 
2  b;  sycamore,  140,  1  a  (ill.);  Norway, 

1  ab ;  common  European,  1  c  (ill.) ;  Can- 
dian,  &c.,  2  b  ;  ash-leaved,  2  c  (ilk).  Leaf 
of  maple  (ill.),  X.  264,  2  a. 

Maple  City  (Ogdensburg),  XII.  588,  1  c. 

Maple  sugar ,  manufacture  of,  XI.  139,  1  ab. 
Production  of,  1  c. 

Mapurite  [ma-poo-re'-ta],  badger,  III.  172,  2  c. 
Maquet,  Auguste  [ma-ka],  French  novelist, 
XI.  141. 

Mara  [ma'-ra],  in  Buddhism,  III.  393,  2  b ; 
394,  1  be. 

Marabou  [mar-a-boo'j,  bird,  XI.  141  (ill.). 
Marabout ',  origin  and  meaning  of,  I.  345,  2  b. 
Maracanda :  see  Samarcand,  XIV.  588,  2  c ; 
589,  1  ab. 

Maracaybo  [ma-ra-kk-bo],  city  of  Venezuela, 
XI.  142.  Lake  of,  1  c.  Gulf  of :  see  Vene¬ 
zuela,  XVI.  291,  2  c. 

Marajo  [ma-ra-zho'],  island  of  Brazil,  XI.  142. 
Maram,  sea  reed,  XIV.  241,  1  c. 

Maranham  [rnar-an-ham'] :  see  Maranhao. 
Maranhao  [ma-ra-nyow"6'],  province  of  Brazil, 
XI.  142.  San  Luiz  de,  capital  city,  143,  1  c. 
Maranhao  River  :  see  Mearim. 

MaraKon  [ma-ra-nyoan'] :  see  Amazon,  I.  380, 

2  ab ;  Peru,  XIII.  336,  1  a. 

Maranta  arundinacea  (botany),  I.  767,  2  a  (ilk). 

Starch  granules  of,  XV.  317,  2  c  (ilk,  318). 
Marat,  Jean  Paul  [ma-ra],  French  revolution¬ 
ist,  XI.  143. 

Marathi  [ma-ra'-the],  a  modern  Sanskrit  idiom, 
IX.  217,  1  a;  219,  2  a. 

Mar'athon,  Greece,  battle  of,  XI.  144. 
Marathon,  county,  XI.  145. 


MARATTI 


MARFORIO 


491 


Maratti,  Carlo  [ma-rat'-te],  Italian  painter, 
XI.  145. 

Marbeau,  Jean  Baptiste  Francois  [mar-bo], 
French  philanthropist,  XI.  145. 

Marbeck,  John,  English  composer,  XI.  145. 

Marble,  rock,  XI.  145.  Ancient  marbles,  146, 
1  b ;  modern,  2  a.  Methods  of  preparing, 
148,  1  a.  Marble  quarries  in  the  United 
States,  1  b.  Potomac  marble,  III.  240,  1  c. 

Marble,  Manton,  American  journalist,  XI.  148. 
(Retired  1876.) 

Marblehead,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XI.  148. 

Marbles,  Playing,  XI.  148. 

Ma/rbod ,  chief  of  the  Marcomanni,  I.  729,  2  c. 

Marbois,  Barbe :  see  Barbe-Marbois. 

Marburg  [mar'-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  XI. 
149  (view).  Conference  at,  X.  728,  1  c: 
see  Zwingli,  XVI.  841,  2  c. 

Marc’  Antonio  :  see  Raimondi. 

Marca  Hispanica ,  X.  E.  Spain,  XV.  211,  1  be. 

Marcasite ,  mineral,  V.  539,  2  c;  XIV.  109, 1  a 
(marcite). 

Marceau,  Francois  S6verin  des  Graviers  [mar- 
so],  French  soldier,  XI.  149. 

Marcello,  Benedetto  [mar-chel'-lo],  Italian 
composer,  XI.  150. 

Marcellus ,  nom  de  plume,  I.  99,  1  b. 

Maroellus,  Marcus  Claudius,  Roman  general, 
XI.  150. 

Marcellus,  Nonius,  Latin  grammarian,  XI. 150. 

Marcellus  shale,  in  geology,  VI.  58,  1  ab. 

March,  month,  XI.  150. 

March  [markh],  river  of  Austria,  XI.  151. 

March,  Charles  W.,  American  author,  XI.  151. 

March,  Earl  of :  see  Mortimer,  Roger. 

March,  Francis  Andrew,  American  scholar, 
XI.  151. 

“  March  hare ,  mad  as  a  ”  VIII.  456,  2  be. 

March  of  Treviso,  count  of  the,  II.  575,  2  c. 

Marchand  [mar-shang],  (Louis,  1669-1732), 
French  organist,  II.  195,  2  a. 

Marchantict  [mar-kan'-she-a],  (botany),  X.  542, 
1  be.  M.  polymorph  a,  543,  1  c  (ill.,  542). 

Marchantia' cece  (botany),  X.  543,  1  a. 

Marche,  La  [la  marsh],  old  province  of  France, 
XI.  151. 

Marche  d  prime  [mar-sha  a  preem] :  see  Stock 
Exchange,  XV.  388,  2  c. 

Marche  du  Temple  [dii  tane-p’l],  in  Paris,  XIII. 
89,  2  c. 

Marches,  The,  division  of  Italy,  XI.  151.  See 
188,  1  a ;  XIII.  40,  2  e. 

Marchesi,  Pompeo  [mar-ka'-ze],  Italian  sculp¬ 
tor,  XI.  151. 


Marchfeld  [maUh'-felt] :  see  March,  XI.  151,1  b. 

Marchisio,  Carlotta  [mar-ke'-ze-o],  Italian  vo¬ 
calist,  XI.  152.  Barbara,  1  a. 

Marcion  :  see  Gnostics,  VIII.  53,  2  b,  54,  2  b. 

March,  Guillaume  de  la,  prince  of  Sedan,  III. 
151,  1  c  ;  X.  417,  1  c  (William).  Robert  do 
la,  XI.  151,  1  c.  Charlotte  de  la,  duchess 
of  Bouillon,  152,  1  b. 

Marco  Bozzaris :  see  Bozzaris. 

Marcomanni,  ancient  German  people,  XI.  152. 

Marco  Polo  :  see  Polo. 

Maroou,  Jules  [mar-koo],  French  geologist, 
XI.  152. 

Marcus  Aurelius  :  see  Antoninus. 

Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander,  I.  289, 1  b  (Alex¬ 
ander  Severus). 

Marcy,  William  Learned,  American  states¬ 
man,  XI.  152. 

Mardin  [mar-deen'],  town  of  Turkey,  XI.  153. 

Mardonius  :  see  Greece,  VIII.  189,  1  c,  2  b  ; 
190,  2  a,  b. 

Mare  d'Auteuil  [rnftr  do-tuhy’],  pond  in  the 
Bois  de  Boulogne,  III.  154,  1  b. 

Ma're  Cas'pium :  see  Caspian  Sea. 

Mare  Gallicum :  see  Lyons,  Gulf  of. 

Mare  Internum  or  Nostrum :  see  Mediterra¬ 
nean  Sea. 

Mare  Rubrum,  Erythraean  sea,  VI.  722,  1  a. 

Mare  Suevicum  [swe'-ve-kum] :  see  Baltic  Sea. 

Mare's  tail ,•  cloud,  IV.  710,  2  c. 

Mare's  tail,  plant,  XI.  615,  2  b. 

Mareca  (ornithology),  III.  733,  2  a;  XVI.  615, 
2  b.  M.  Americana,  2  c.  M.  Penelope,  616, 
1  a  (ill.,  615). 

Marem'me,  marshy  tracts  in  Italy,  XI.  153. 

Marengo,  Carlo,  Italian  dramatist,  XI.  153. 

Marengo,  county,  XI.  153. 

Marengo,  county  seat,  IX.  340,  1  c. 

Marengo,  Italy,  battle  of,  XI.  153. 

Marenzio,  Luca,  Italian  composer,  XI.  153. 

Mareo  [ma-ra'-o],  disease  in  Peru,  XIII.  338, 1  a. 

Mareo'tis,  Lake,  XI.  154;  I.  291,  1  b. 

Maresch,  J.  A.  [ma'-resh],  horn  player,  XI.  154. 

Maret,  Henri  Louis  Charles  [ma-ra],  French 
theologian,  XI.  154. 

Maret,  Hugues  Bernard :  see  Bassano,  duke  of. 

Marey,  Etienne  Jules  [ina-ra],  French  physi¬ 
ologist,  XI.  154. 

Marezoll,  Gustav  Ludwig  Theodor  [ma'-reh- 
tsul],  German  jurist,  XI.  154. 

Marfo'ri  (Carlos,  1818-77,  son  of  an  Italian 
cook),  lover  of  Queen  Isabella  (from  1856), 
IX.  424,  1  a. 

Marforio,  statue  of  XIII.  148,  1  b. 


492 


MARGARET 


MARIO 


Margaret ,  maiden  of  Norway,  queen  of  Scot¬ 
land,  I.  285, 1  c ;  III.  351,  2  b ;  XIV.  704, 2  c. 
Margaret,  queen  of  Navarre  (Margaret  of  An- 
gouleme),  XI.  155. 

Margaret,  queen  and  patron  saint  of  Scotland, 

XI.  155.  St.  Margaret’s  cup,  156,  1  a. 
Margaret  of  Anjou,  queen  of  England,  XI. 
156.  See  Edward  IV.  Referred  to,  XIV. 
270,  2  b. 

Margaret  of  Austria,  regent  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  XI.  157. 

Margaret  of  Denmark,  the  Semiramis  of  the 
North,  XI.  157. 

Margaret  of  Parma,  regent  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  XI.  157.  See  Granvelle,  cardinal  de. 
Margaret  of  Valois,  queen  of  France,  XI.  158. 
Margarine  [mar'-ga-rin],  and  Margaric  Acid, 

XI.  158;  I.  119,  1  a.  Chevreul’s  margarine, 

XII.  605,  1  a. 

Margarita,  Island  of  [mar-ga-re'-ta] :  see  Nue- 
va  Sparta. 

Margaritone  d’Arezzo  [mar-ga-re-to'-na  da- 
ret'-so],  Italian  artist,  XI.  158. 

Mar'gate,  town  of  England,  XI.  158. 

Margaux  wine  [mar-go],  VII.  411,  1  b. 
Maegay:  see  Ocelot,  XII.  574,  1  b  (ill.,  573). 
Marggraf  [marg'-graf],  chemist,  IV.  361,  1  ab ; 
I.  63,  2  a. 

Margrave  :  see  Marquis,  XI.  188,  1  a. 
Marheineke,  Philipp  Konrad  [mar-hi'-neh- 
keh],  German  theologian,  XI.  158. 

Maria  Christina  [ma-re'-a  kris-te'-na],  queen 
dowager  of  Spain,  XI.  159  ;  X.  106, 1  b.  See 
Narvaez,  Eamon  Maria,  and  VII.  138,  2  b. 
Maria  II.  da  Gloria,  queen  of  Portugal,  XI.  159. 
Mariadec ,  Conan  [ma-re'-a-dek],  British  settler 
of  Armorica,  I.  734,  1  c. 

Maria  del  Occidente ,  nom  de  plume,  III.  328, 1  c. 
Maria  de’  Medici  [da  ma'-de-che],  queen  of 
France,  XI.  160.  See  Richelieu,  Cardinal. 
Her  imprisonment,  II.  727,  1  b. 

Maria  Gloriosa,  church  bell,  VI.  707,  2  c. 
MariaJcirch  [ma-re'-a-keerck] :  see  Markirch. 
Maria  Louisa,  empress:  see  Bonaparte,  III. 
47,  2  a.  Her  marriage  referred  to,  XIV. 
690,  1  b. 

Maria  Louisa ,  regent  of  Lucca,  X.  702,  1  a- 

XIII.  121,  1  b  (queen  of  Etruria). 

Marian' a,  county  seat,  X.  289,  2  c. 

Mariana,  Juan  [ma-re-a'-na],  Spanish  historian 

XI.  160. 

Mariana  islands :  see  Ladrone. 

Marianna,  city  of  Brazil,  XI.  160. 

Marianna ,  county  seat,  IX.  482,  2  c. 


Marianne  Isles  :  see  Ladrones. 

Maria  Theresa,  German  empress  and  queen  of 
Hungary  and  Bohemia,  XI.  160;  IX.  58,  2  a. 

Maeia-Theresiopel  [ma-re'-a-ta-ra-ze-o'-pel] : 
see  Szabadka. 

Mariazell  [-tsel'J,  village  of  Austria,  XI.  161. 

Marib  (or  Mareb),  dike  of,  VIII.  734,  2  c. 

Marico'pa,  county,  XI.  161. 

Maricopas  :  see  Coco-Maricopas. 

Maricourt ,  sieur  de  [ma-re-koor],  X.  338,  1  ab. 

Marie ,  daughter  of  Lucien  Bonaparte,  III.  34, 2  c. 

Marie,  Charles  Frangois  Maximilien  [ma-re], 
French  mathematician,  XI.  162. 

Marie  Amalie  [a-ma-le],  queen  of  the  French, 
XI.  162. 

Marie  Antoinette,  Jos&phe  Jeanne  de  Lor¬ 
raine  [aDg-twa-net],  queen  of  France,  XI.  162. 
Affair  of  the  diamond  necklace,  X.  128,  2  a. 

Marie  Louise  de  la  Misericorde ,  assumed  name, 
V.  215,  2  b. 

Maeienbad  [ma-re'-en-bat],  watering  place  in 
Bohemia,  XL  164. 

Marienburg  [-boorg],  town  of  Prussia,  XI.  164. 

Marienlyst,  castle  of,  VI.  554,  1  c. 

Marienwerder  [-vair-der],  Prussia,  XI.  164. 

Ma'eies,  county,  XI.  165. 

Marietta,  city  of  Ohio,  XI.  165. 

Marietta,  county  seats,  IV.  767,  2  b ;  XIV.  851, 
2  ab. 

Mariette,  Auguste  Edouard  [ma-re-et],  French 
Egyptologist,  XI.  165. 

Marignan  [ma-re-nyang] :  see  Melegnano. 

Marignano  [ma-re-nya'-no] :  see  Melegnano. 

Marigold,  plant,  XI.  166.  Origin  of  the  name, 
1  c.  African  marigold,  2  be  (ill.) ;  French, 
ib.  (ill.  167);  and  other  species. 

Marikiva  [ma-re-ke'-va] :  see  Marmoset,  XI. 
181,  2  b. 

Marin  [ma-reen'J,  county,  XI.  167. 

Marina  [ma-re'-na],  mistress  of  Cortes,  XI.  167. 

Marine  glue,  VIII.  45,  2c;  X.  76,  2  a. 

Marine  life,  distribution  of,  how  determined, 
VII.  312,  2  ab. 

Marine  vulture,  so  called,  VII.  500,  1  c. 

Mariner’s  Compass  :  see  Compass.  Eemarka- 
ble  allusion  to,  X.  201,  1  c. 

Marini,  Giambattista  [ma-re'-ne],  Italian  poet, 
XI.  167. 

Marinists :  see  Marini. 

Mariilo  [ma-re'-nyo],  Colombian  leader,  III. 
7,  2  b,  c. 

Mari' nus:  see  Martin  (popes),  XI.  208,  1  c. 

Mario,  Giuseppe,  marquis  de  Candia  [ma'-re-o], 
Italian  singer,  XI.  167. 


MARION 


MAROZIA 


493 


Mar'ion,  name  of  seventeen  counties,  XI.  168. 
Marion,  town  of  Alabama,  XI.  170. 

Marion ,  county  seats,  V.  492,  1  b;  VIII.  155, 

1  b;  X.  206,  1  a;  508,  2  a;  780,  2  a;  XI. 
169, 1  c ;  XV.  128, 1  b ;  XVI.  86, 1  c ;  648, 1  c. 

Marion ,  Fort:  see  Saint  Augustine,  XIV. 
525,  1  b. 

Marion,  Francis,  revolutionary  officer,  XI.  170. 
Marion  Centre ,  county  seat,  XI.  170,  1  a. 
Marion  Court  House ,  county  seat,  XI.  168,  1  c. 
Marion  grape,  I.  420,  1  a. 

Marionville ,  county  seat,  VII.  316,  1  c. 
Mariotte,  Edme  [ma-re-ut],  French  physicist, 
XI.  171.  Mariotte’s  law,  172,  1  a;  II.  82, 

2  a;  331,  2  b;  VI.  491,  1  c. 

Maripo'sa,  county,  XI.  172.  Mariposa  claim: 

see  Fremont,  J.  C.,  VII.  479,  2  b. 

Mariposa ,  county  seat,  XI.  172,  1  b. 

Marischal  college ,  Aberdeen,  I.  21,  1  c. 
Maritime  conference  at  Brussels :  see  Maury, 
M.  F. 

Maritz ,  Gerrit ,  leader  of  the  Boers,  II.  776, 1  b. 
Maritza,  river  of  Roumelia,  XI.  172. 
Mariupol  [ma-re-oo'-pol],  seaport  of  Russia, 
XV.  553,  2  a. 

Ma'rius,  Caius,  Roman  soldier,  XI.  172;  IX. 
709,  1  a.  Victories  over  the  Teutons  and 
Cimbri,  IV.  583,  1  a,  b. 

Marivaudage  [ma-re-vo-dazh] :  see  Marivaux. 
Marivaux,  Pierre  Carlet  de  Chamblain  de 
[ma-re-vo],  French  author,  XI.  174. 
Mar'joram,  plant,  XI.  174  (ill.,  175).  Sweet 
(knotted)  marjoram,  2  c ;  wild,  ib. 

Mar  jo' rian,  Roman  emperor,  XVI.  564,  2  be. 
Mark,  Saint,  XI.  175.  Gospel  of,  2  a. 

“ Mark ,”  in  horses’  teeth,  VIII.  825,  2  c. 

Mark  Antony  :  see  Antony. 

Mark  Twain,  pseudonyme,  IV.  660,  1  a,  c. 
Markham,  Clements  Robert,  English  geog¬ 
rapher,  XI.  176. 

Markirch  [mar'-keerch],  town  of  Alsace-Lor¬ 
raine,  XI.  176. 

Markland :  see  Northmen,  XII.  498,  1  b. 
Marksville ,  county  seat,  II.  164,  1  c. 

Marl,  a  clay,  XI.  176 ;  VIII.  238,  1  c. 
Marl'borough,  county,  XI.  176. 
Marlborough,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XI.  176. 
Marlborough,  town  of  England,  XI.  176. 
Marlborough,  John  Churchill,  duke  of,  Brit¬ 
ish  general,  XI.  177.  Marriage,  1  b.  Sides 
with  William  of  Orange  against  James,  1  c. 
Treachery  to  William  III.,  2  ab.  Under 
Queen  Anne,  2  be.  Victorious  campaigns, 
2  c,  ff.  Political  reverses  and  overthrow, 


178,  1  b.  Favors  the  Hanoverian  succes¬ 
sion,  1  c;  alleged  aid  of  the  pretender,  ib. 

Marlborough,  Sarah  Jennings,  duchess  of,  XI. 
177,  1  b,  ff.  Her  character,  178,  2  ab.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  XVI.  253,  1  be.  See  Masham. 

Marlborough  gems ,  I.  798,  2  b. 

Marlborough  house ,  X.  609,  1  c. 

Marlbridge :  see  Malbridge  (Index). 

Marie ,  Thomas  de,  V.  421,  1  b. 

Marliani,  Aurelio,  count  [mar-le-a'-ne],  Italian 
composer,  XI.  178. 

Marlin,  county  seat,  VII.  76,  2  b. 

Mariinsky,  the  Cossack,  pseudonyme,  II.  592, 2  a. 

Marlinspike,  XVI.  7,  1  a. 

Marlitt,  E.,  nom  de  plume,  IX.  652,  1  c ; 
VII.  770,  1  a. 

Marlowe,  Christopher,  English  poet,  XI.  178. 

Marmara,  sea  of :  see  Marmora. 

Marmaros  [mar'-mor-osh],  county  of  Hungary, 
XI.  179. 

Marmier,  Xavier  [mar-mya],  French  author, 
XI.  179. 

Marmont,  Auguste  Fr6d6ric  Louis  Viesse  de 
[mar-mone],  duke  of  Ragusa,  marshal  of 
France,  XI.  179.  See  Blucher,  II.  754,  755. 

Marmontel,  Jean  Francois  [mar-mong-tel],  au¬ 
thor,  XI.  180.  Louis  Joseph,  181,  1  a. 

Mar'mora,  Sea  of,  XI.  181.  Island  of,  1  b. 

Marmoset  [mar-mo-zet'J,  XI.  181.  Striated, 
1  c  (ill.)  ;  silky,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  leonine,  2  c. 

Marmot,  XI.  182.  European,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Marmoutier,  monastery  of  [mar-moo-tya],  XL 
211,  1  a. 

Marne,  river  of  France,  XI.  182. 

Marne,  department  of  France,  XI.  182. 

Marne,  Haute  :  see  Haute-Maene. 

Marne,  count  and  countess  of,  I.  508, 1  c. 

Marnix,  Philip  van  :  see  Aldegonde,  Sainte. 

Marobo'duus ,  Germanic  chief,  I.  729,  2  c. 

Marocco :  see  Morocco. 

Marochetti,  Carlo,  baron  [ma-ro-ket'-te],  Ital¬ 
ian  sculptor,  XI.  182. 

Maron  (three) :  see  Maronites,  XL  183,  1  a. 

Maronites,  Syrian  Christians,  XI.  183. 

Maroons',  fugitive  slaves,  XI.  183. 

Maros  [mor'-osh],  river  of  Hungary,  XI.  185. 

Maros-Vasarhely  [-va'-shar-hely’],  town  of 
Hungary,  XI.  185. 

Marot,  Clement  [ma-ro],  French  poet,  XI.  185. 
Jean,  1  b.  Michel,  1  c. 

Maroun ,  St. :  see  Maronites,  XI.  183,  1  a. 

Marozia  (wife  successively  of  Dukes  Alberico 
and  Guido  of  Tuscany  and  King  Hugo  of 
Arles  and  Italy),  IX.  647,  1  ab,  b. 


494 


MARPESSA 


MARSIGLI 


Marpessa ,  Mt.,  marble  quarries  of,  XIII.  124,2  a. 

Marque,  Letter  of :  see  Privateer. 

Marquee  [raar-ke'J :  see  Tent,  XV.  652,  2  c. 

Marquesas  Islands  [mar-ka'-sass],  South  Pa¬ 
cific,  XI.  185. 

Marqueterie  [mar-ket-re],  (marquetry),  III. 
419,  1  c. 

Marquetry  [mar'-ket-re] :  see  Buhl  Work. 

Marquette  [mar-ket'j,  two  counties,  XI.  186. 

Marquette,  city  of  Michigan,  XI.  186. 

Marquette,  Jacques,  French  explorer,  XI.  186. 

Marquette  ore  beds ,  IX.  407,  1  c. 

Marquez,  Leonardo  [mar-kace'],  Mexican  gen¬ 
eral,  XI.  187. 

Marquis,  or  Marquess,  title,  XI.  187. 

Marraoci,  Ludovico  [mar-rat'-che],  Italian  ori¬ 
entalist,  XI.  188. 

Marriage,  XI.  188.  See  Husband  and  Wife. 
Rule  for  determining  the  validity  of,  X.  391, 
2  be.  Marriage  act  under  George  II.,  VII. 
706,  2  a;  under  George  III.,  regulating  mar¬ 
riage  in  the  royal  family,  707,  2  b.  Marriage 
on  Sunday,  X.  637,  1  b.  Marriageable  age, 
I.  181,  1  c,  2  a. 

Marriages ,  mixed ,  papal  controversy  with 
Prussia,  VIII.  245,  2  ab. 

Marriage  Settlements,  XI.  189 ;  XIV.786,  2  b. 

Marron  [ma-rong],  kind  of  chestnut,  IV.  391, 1  b. 

Marrow,  XI.  190.  Referred  to,  III.  58,  2  b,  c. 

a  Marrow  controversy  XIV.  254,1b. 

Marrubium  mdga're  (botany),  VIII.  816,  lc (ill.). 

Marryat,  Frederick,  English  naval  officer  and 
author,  XI.  190.  Samuel  Francis,  190,  2  b. 
Florence  (Mrs.  Ross  Church),  ib. 

Mars,  god  of  war,  XI.  190. 

Mars ,  the  Portuguese ,  I.  258,  1  c. 

Mars,  planet,  XI.  191.  Diameter,  2  b.  Peri¬ 
od  of  rotation,  1  c  ;  its  true  value,  192,  1  be. 
Surface,  1  c.  Solar  radiation,  2  be  ;  atmos¬ 
pheric  temperature,  2  c.  Adaptation  for 
animal  life,  193,  1  b.  (Two  satellites  dis¬ 
covered  by  Prof.  Asaph  Hall,  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  Aug.  11  and  18,  1877.) 

Mars,  Anne  Fran§oise  Hippolyte  Boutet 
[marce],  French  actress,  XI.  193. 

Marsala  [mar-sa'-la],  town  of  Sicily,  XI.  193. 
Marsala  wine,  IX.  468,  2  c. 

Marsohner,  Heinrich  [marsh'-ner],  German 
composer,  XI.  194. 

Marsden,  William,  British  orientalist,  XL  194. 

Marseillaise,  La  [la  mar-sa-yaiz],  French  na¬ 
tional  song,  XI.  194. 

Marseillais ,  les  [la  mar-sa-ya],  body  of  revo¬ 
lutionists,  II.  298,  1  b. 


Marseilles  [mar-sailz' ;  Fr.  mar-say’],  city  cf 
France,  XI.  194.  The  bourse  (ill.),  195. 
History,  2  a. 

Marsh,  Ann  (Caldwell),  English  authoress, 
XI.  196. 

Marsh,  Dexter,  American  paleontologist,  XI. 
196. 

Marsh,  George  Perkins,  American  scholar,  XI. 

196.  Caroline  (Crane),  authoress,  197,  1  a. 
Marsh,  Herbert,  English  author,  XI.  197. 
Marsh,  James,  American  scholar,  XI.  197. 
Marsh,  Othniel  Charles,  naturalist,  XI.  197. 
Marshal,  civic  and  military  officer,  XI.  197. 

Field  marshal,  198,  1  ab. 

Marshal  Forwards,  nickname,  II.  756,  2  ab. 
Marshall,  name  of  nine  counties,  XI.  198. 
Marshall,  city  of  Michigan,  XI.  199. 

Marshall ,  county  seats,  IV.  636,  1  c ;  VIII. 
481,  1  a;  X.  819,  2  c;  820,  1  a;  XIV.  565, 

1  c ;  740,  1  c. 

Marshall,  Humphrey,  American  politician, 
XI.  199. 

Marshall,  John,  jurist,  XI.  199.  Early  life, 

2  a.  Military  service,  2  b.  On  the  con¬ 
struction  of  the  federal  constitution,  200, 
1  c.  Speech  in  congress  on  the  surrender 
of  Robbins,  201,  1  ab;  on  Jay’s  treaty,  ib. 
Secretary  of  state,  1  be.  Chief  justice,  1  c. 
His  life  of  Washington,  ib.  Characteriza¬ 
tion,  2  ab. 

Marshall,  Thomas  Francis,  politician,  XI.  201. 
Marshall,  William  Calder,  Scottish  sculptor, 
XI.  201. 

Marshall  college :  see  Mercersburg. 
Marshalling  of  arms,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  c. 
Marshalltown ,  county  seat,  XI.  199,  1  b. 
Marshfield ,  county  seat,  XVI.  528,  1  c.  Seat 
of  Daniel  Webster  (Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Massachusetts  bay),  532,  2  a. 

Marsh  fish,  XII.  26,  1  a. 

Marsh  gas,  I.  61,  2  a;  III.  776,  1  a;  VII.  637, 
2c;  IX.  178,  1  a. 

Marsh  Hawk  :  see  Harrier. 

Marsh  hay ,  VIII.  169,  1  c. 

Marsh  Hen  :  see  Rail,  XIV.  169,  1  b,  c. 
Marsh  Mallow  :  see  Althea. 

Marsiiman,  Joshua,  English  missionary,  XI.  202. 
Marsh  miasm,  VII.  165,  2  ab.  See  Malaria. 
Marsh  ore,  IX.  408,  1  a. 

Marsh  Rabbit  :  see  Hare,  VIII.  457,  2  be. 
Marsi,  ancient  people  of  Italy,  XI.  202 ;  of 
Germanv,  2  a. 

Marsic  war,  XI.  173,  2  b. 

Marsigli,  Luigi  Ferdinando,  count  [mar-st>' 


MARSIPOBRANCHII 


MARTYR 


495 


lye],  Italian  naturalist,  XI.  202.  Institu¬ 
tions  founded  by,  III.  18,  2  b. 

Marsipobrancliii  (ichthyology),  XII.  121,  1  c. 

Mars-la-Touk  [marce-la-toor],  France,  battle 
of,  XI.  202. 

Marston,  John,  English  poet,  XI.  202. 

Marston,  Westland,  English  author,  XI.  203. 

Marston  Moor,  England,  battle  of,  XI.  203 ; 

V.  502,  1  c. 

Marstrand,  Wilhelm  [mar'-stran],  Danish 
painter,  XI.  203. 

Marsupials,  order  of  mammals,  XI.  203. 

Marsupium :  see  Marsupials,  XI.  203,  2  b. 

Marsus,  Domitius,  Roman  poet,  XI.  204. 

Marsyas,  in  Greek  mythology,  XI.  204. 

Martel,  Charles :  see  Charles  Martel  ;  III. 
793,  2  ab;  and  IY.  335,  1  c.  Origin  of  the 
name,  284,  2  a. 

Marten,  animal,  XI.  205  (ill.).  Fur  of  pine 
marten,  VII.  536,  2  c ;  of  European,  537, 
la;  of  stone  marten,  ib. 

Martens,  Georg  Friedrich  von  [mar'-tence], 
German  publicist,  XI.  205.  Karl  von,  diplo¬ 
matist,  2  b. 

Martha  grape ,  I.  418,  1  a. 

Martha  institute,  VIII.  751,  1  be. 

Martha’s  Vineyard,  island  of  Massachusetts, 
XI.  205.  History,  206,  1  a. 

Martial,  Latin  poet,  XI.  206.  Epigrams,  1  c  ; 
X.  197,  2  a. 

Martialis ,  Marcus  Valerius  [mar-she-a'-lis] : 
see  Martial. 

Martial  Law,  XI.  206.  Distinguished  from 
military  law,  2  a.  Supreme  court  of  the 
United  States  in  Milligan’s  case,  207,  1  a. 

Martignac  ministry  [mar-te-nyak],  (Jean  Bap¬ 
tiste  Gage  de,  1776-1832,  minister  of  the 
interior  1828— ’9),  IV.  289,  1  a. 

Martin,  bird,  XI.  207  (ill.).  American  house 
martin,  XV.  499,  1  b  ;  sand  or  bank,  2  a. 

Martin,  name  of  four  counties,  XI.  207. 

Martin,  name  of  five  popes,  XI.  208.  I.,  Saint, 
1  ab.  IV.,  Simon  de  Brion,  1  c.  V.,  Ot- 
tone  Oolonna,  2  ab. 

Martin ,  lunacy  case  of,  X.  717,  2  be. 

Martin ,  naturalist,  his  division  of  mankind, 

VI.  754,  2  be. 

Martin,  Aime  :  see  Aime-Martin. 

Martin,  Alexander,  American  soldier,  XI.  208. 

Martin ,  Alexandre  [mar-tXng] :  see  Albert, 
I.  250,  2  c. 

Martin,  Arthur,  French  archeologist,  XI. 
209.  F61ix,  ecclesiastic,  1  b. 

Martin,  Bon  Louis  Henri,  historian,  XI.  209. 


Martin ,  Claude  (1732-1800),  French  adven¬ 
turer  in  India,  X.  706,  2  c. 

Martin,  David,  French  clergyman,  XI.  209. 
Martin,  Frangois  Xavier,  American  jurist, 
XI.  209. 

Martin,  John,  English  painter,  XI.  210. 
Martin,  Louis  Aime  :  see  Aime-Martin. 
Martin,  Luther,  American  lawyer,  XI.  210. 
Martin,  Saint,  of  Tours,  XI.  210 ;  729,  2  a. 
Martin,  Theodore,  British  author,  XI.  211. 
Martineau,  Harriet  [mar'-te-no],  English  au¬ 
thoress,  XI.  211.  (Died  1876.)  James, 
clergyman,  212,  1  b;  XIII.  447,  1  a. 
Martinet,  Achille  Louis  [mar-te-na],  French 
engraver,  XI.  212. 

Martinets:  see  University,  XVI.  209,  2  c. 
Martinez  [mar-te'-ness],  county  seat,  V.  289, 1  c. 
Martinez  de  la  Rosa,  Francisco  [mar-te'-naith 
da  la  ro'-sa],  Spanish  statesman,  XI.  212. 
Martini,  Giambattista  [mar-te'-ne],  Italian 
composer,  XI.  212. 

Martinian  law,  X.  702,  1  a. 

Martinico  [mar-te-ne'-ko] :  see  Martinique. 
Martiniere  [mar-te-nyair],  college,  Lucknow, 

X.  706,  2  c  (ill.). 

Martinique  [mar-te-neek'],  island,  West  In¬ 
dies,  XI.  212.  History,  213,  1  c.  Abolition 
of  slaverv,  ib. 

Martinmas :  see  Martin,  XI.  211,  1  b. 
Martino,  Simone  di  [mar-te'-no] :  see  Memmi. 
Martino'vics  [-vitch],  abbot,  democratic  con¬ 
spiracy  of  referred  to,  IX.  777,  1  a,  58,  2  c ; 
II.  207,  2  b. 

Martin  process,  for  making  steel,  XV.  362,  2  b. 
Martinsburg,  town  of  W.  Virginia,  XI.  213. 
Martinsburg,  county  seats,  II.  559,  2  b ;  VI. 

545,  1  b ;  X.  383,  1  b. 

Martin' s  cement ,  VIII.  359,  1  b. 

Martinsville,  county  seats,  VIII.  640,  1  c ; 

XI.  827,  1  c. 

Martite,  iron  ore,  IX.  407,  1  c. 

Martins,  Galeotus ,  work  on  Hungary  referred 
to,  VII.  320,  1  c. 

Martius,  Karl  Friedrich  Philipp  von  [mar'- 
tse-oos],  German  traveller,  XI.  213. 

Martlet,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be.  (See 
plate.) 

Mar'tos,  Ivan  Petro vitch,  Russian  sculptor, 
XI.  213. 

Martyn,  Henry,  English  missionary,  XI.  213. 
Martynia,  genus  of  plants,  XI.  214  (ill.).  M. 

fragrans,  1  c.  M.  proboscidea,  ib. 

Martyr,  sufferer  for  a  noble  cause,  XI.  214. 
Christian  martyrs,  2  a.  Martyrologies,  2  ab: 


496 


MARTYR 


MASCARENHAS 


Roman,  2  b.  Hatalitia  martyrum,  ib.  Ro¬ 
man  catacombs,  2  be.  Canonization,  2  c. 
Eox’s  “Book  of  Martyrs,”  215,  1  a. 

Mart  ye,  Peter:  see  Anghiera,  and  Veemigli. 
Martyrology  :  see  Acta  Sanctorum,  B cl¬ 
ean  d,  and  Martyr. 

Maruta  (botany),  XI.  305,  1  c.  M.  cotula, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Maruts  [ma-roots'],  in  Hindoo  theology,  IX. 
224,  1  b. 

Marvell,  Andrew,  English  author,  XI.  215. 
Marvell ,  Andrew ,  pseudonyme,  XI.  525,  1  c. 
Marvel  of  Peru,  plant,  XI.  215  (ill.,  216). 
Marver ,  in  glass  making,  III.  144,  2  be  (ill.) ; 
VIII.  15,  2  a. 

Marvin's  lock,  X.  565,  2  ab. 

Marwar'  :  see  Joodpoor. 

Marx,  Adolph  Bernhard,  German  composer, 
XI.  216. 

Marx,  Karl,  socialist,  XI.  216  ;  IX.  321,  2  b. 
Mary,  the  mother  of  Jesus,  XI.  216.  Ancestry 
of,  2  c.  Her  story  in  the  Gospels,  ib .,  ff. ; 
in  tradition  and  legends,  217,  1  c.  Her 
worship  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  2  a. 
Controversies  respecting  her  position,  2  b  ; 
her  perpetual  virginity,  2  be.  Her  festivals, 

2  c ;  devotions  in  her  honor,  218,  1  a.  Mi¬ 
raculous  cures  by  her  intercession,  1  b.  Her 
images,  ib.  Tomb  of,  IX.  618,  1  a  (ill.). 

Mary  I.,  queen  of  England  and  Ireland,  XI. 
218.  Her  marriage  with  Philip  of  Spain, 
219, 1  c.  Persecutions,  ib.  War  with  France 
and  Scotland,  2  a.  Recognition  of  Elizabeth 
as  her  successor,  2  b. 

Mary  II.,  queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
XI.  219.  Marriage  with  William  of  Orange, 
2  c.  Yields  to  him  her  prospective  regal 
power,  220,  1  a ;  sides  with  him  against  her 
father,  ib.  Receives  with  him  the  crown  of 
England,  1  b.  Makes  Greenwich  palace  a 
naval  hospital,  1  c. 

Mary ,  queen  of  Scots  :  see  Mary  Stuart. 
Maryland,  state,  XI.  220.  State  seal  (ill.). 
Population,  2  c.  Topography,  221,  2  a. 
Hydrography,  2  b.  Geology  and  minerals, 
222,  1  a.  Climate,  2  c.  Soil  and  produc¬ 
tions,  223,  1  b.  Agriculture,  1  c.  Manu¬ 
factures,  2  ab.  Commerce,  224,  1  a.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  2  b.  Banks,  &c.,  225, 
1  ab.  Government,  1  b.  Finances,  226, 
1  c.  Public  institutions,  227,  1  a.  Educa¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Libraries,  &c.,  229,  1  c.  Reli¬ 
gious  organizations,  2  a.  History,  2  b. 
Settlement  :  see  Calvert,  Leonard,  III. 


630.  Religious  constitution  of  the  state, 
2  be.  Origin  of  the  name,  XYI.  151,  2  b. 

“  Maryland  line in  the  revolutionary  war, 
XI.  231,  1  b. 

Maryland-in- Liberia,  colony,  III.  750,  2  a. 
Maryland,  state  of  Liberia,  ib. ;  X.  397, 1  ab 
(county). 

Marylebone,  London,  X.  592,  1  a.  Club,  Y. 
482,  2  c. 

Mary  of  Burgundy  :  see  Maximilian  I. 

Mary  of  the  Incarnation,  XI.  231. 

Mary  Magdale'ne  [or  mag'-da-len],  XI.  231. 

Mary  Stuart,  queen  of  Scots,  XI.  232. 
Crowned,  1  c.  Residence  in  France,  2  ab. 
Marriage  with  the  dauphin,  and  its  political 
conditions,  2  be.  Claim  to  the  English 
crown,  233,  1  a.  Return  to  Scotland,  and 
embarrassments  of  her  position,  1  b,  c.  Mar¬ 
riage  with  Darnley,  2  c.  Attempts  the  sup¬ 
pression  of  Protestantism,  ib. ;  in  league  with 
the  Catholic  sovereigns  of  the  continent,  234, 
1  ab.  Darnley’s  conspiracy,  1  b.  Murder 
of  Rizzio,  ib.  Her  connection  with  Both- 
well,  1  c.  Murder  of  Darnley,  2  ab.  Mock 
trial  of  Bothwell,  2  b ;  his  marriage  with  the 
queen,  and  flight,  ib.  Abdication  of  Mary, 
and  her  flight  to  England,  235,  1  a.  Bab- 
ington’s  conspiracy,  2  a.  Trial  and  execu¬ 
tion  of  Mary,  2  b,  c.  Bibliography,  236, 
1  b.  See  Chastelard. 

Maryna  [ma-re'-na],  wife  of  Czar  Demetrius, 
Y.  789,  2  c;  790,  1  b,  c. 

Marysville,  city  of  California,  XI.  236. 

Marysville,  county  seats,  III.  385,  2  a ;  IY. 
320,  1  c;  XI.  199,  1  b;  XYI.  112,  2  a. 

Maryville,  town  of  Tennessee,  XI.  236. 

Maryville,  county  seat,  XII.  472,  2  b. 

Masaccio  [ma-zat'-cho],  Florentine  painter, 
XI.  237. 

Mas  a  Fueea  [mas  a  fwa'-ra] :  see  Chili,  and 
Juan  Fernandez. 

Masaniello  [ma-za-nyel'-lo],  popular  Italian 
leader,  XI.  237. 

Masaoud  III.  [ma-sowd'],  sultan,  IX.  207,  2  a. 

Mas  a  Tierra  [mas  a  te-air'-ra] :  see  Juan 
Fernandez. 

Masaya  [ma-sa'-ya],  city  of  Nicaragua,  XI.  237. 

Mascagni,  Paolo  [mas-ka'-nye],  Italian  anato¬ 
mist,  XI.  237. 

Mascle,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Mascara  [mas-ka-ra],  town  of  Algeria,  XI.  238. 

Mascaeene'  Isles,  Indian  ocean,  XI.  238. 

MascarenJias  [mas-ka-ra'-nyass],  Portuguese 
navigator,  XI.  238,  1  a;  XIY.  281,  2  a. 


MASCARET 


MASTER 


497 


Mascaret  [mas-ka-ra],  destructive  inland  billow, 
YI E  3G7,  2  be. 

Mciscat :  see  Muscat. 

Mascoutins  [mas-koo-teens'],  Algonquin  tribe, 
XI.  238. 

Mas^res,  Francis  [ma-zair'j,  English  mathema¬ 
tician,  XI.  238. 

Mash'am,  Abigail,  lady,  XI.  238 ;  I.  531,  2  b. 

Mash  tun ,  of  a  brewery,  III.  259,  1  a. 

Masinissa,  Numidian  king,  XI.  238. 

Mask,  Iron  :  see  Iron  Mask. 

Maskell,  William,  English  clergyman,  XI.  239. 

Maskelyne,  Nevil,  English  astronomer,  XI. 
239.  Experiments  for  determining  the 
earth’s  density,  YI.  356,  2  c. 

Maskinonge  [mas-ke-nong-zha],  county,  XI.  239. 

Maskinonge ,  or  muscalonge,  fish,  XIII.  510, 1  b. 

Maskoutens ,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  824,  1  b. 

Maslin ,  mixture  of  wheat  and  rye,  XIY.  504, 1  c. 

Mason,  name  of  six  counties,  XI.  239. 

Mason ,  county  seats,  IX.  280, 1  be ;  XI.  239,  2  c. 

Mason,  Virginian  family,  XI.  240.  George, 
colonel,  founder  of  the  family,  1  b.  George, 
statesman,  1  c.  Thomson,  patriot  and  jurist, 
2  ab.  Stevens  Thomson,  U.  S.  senator,  2  b. 
Armistead  Thomson,  senator,  2  c.  Richard 
B.,  colonel,  241,  1  a.  James  Murray,  sena¬ 
tor,  ib.  Stevens  Thomson,  governor  of  Mich¬ 
igan,  1  b.  John  Y.,  statesman,  1  c. 

Mason,  Francis,  American  missionary,  XI.  241. 

Mason,  Jeremiah,  American  lawyer,  XI.  241. 

Mason,  John,  colonial  military  officer,  XI.  242. 

Mason ,  John ,  associate  of  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges,  VIII.  113,  2  b;  XVI.  151,  1  ab. 

Mason,  John  Mitchell,  American  clergyman, 
XI.  242.  Erskine,  clergyman,  243,  1  a. 

Mason,  Lowell,  composer,  XI.  243. 

Mason,  William,  English  poet,  XI.  243.  See 
Gray,  Thomas. 

Mason  bees ,  II.  458,  1  c. 

Mason  City ,  county  seat,  IV.  212,  1  b. 

Mason  and  Dixon’s  Line,  XI.  243.  Measure¬ 
ment  of,  XIV.  347,  2  c. 

Mason  and  S Udell ,  confederate  emissaries :  see 
Law  of  Nations,  X.  227,  2  c. 

Masonry ,  speculative  and  operative  distin¬ 
guished,  VII.  471,  1  c. 

Mas'ora  :  see  Bible,  II.  610, 1  c ;  Ezra, VII.  49, 

1  c. 

Masoret'ic  text ,  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  II. 
610,  1  be,  2  ab. 

Maso'via,  Polish  territory,  XI.  243. 

Masque,  dramatic  entertainment,  XI.  243. 

Mass,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  XI.  244 ; 

32 


X.  638,  1  ab.  Mass  book,  535,  1  b.  Mas9 
of  the  presanctified,  VIII.  776,  2  b. 

Massa,  town  of  Italy,  XI.  245. 

Massa  e  Carrara,  province  of  Italy,  XI.  245. 
Mas'sac,  county,  XI.  245. 

Massachusetten'sis ,  nom  de  plume,  I.  86,  1  b. 
Massachusetts,  state,  XI.  245.  State  seal  (ill.), 
246.  Population,  1  a.  Physical  features, 
2  be.  Geology  and  minerals,  247, 1  b.  Soil 
and  climate,  2  b.  Agriculture,  2  c.  Manu¬ 
factures,  248,  1  ab.  Commerce,  249,  2  c. 
Intercommunication,  250,  2  b.  Banks,  &c., 
251,  2  c.  Government,  252, 1  a.  Finances, 
2  b.  Public  institutions,  253,  1  b.  Educa¬ 
tion,  254,  2  c.  Libraries,  &c.,  257,  1  b. 
Religious  organizations,  2  a.  History,  2  b. 
Bay  colony  founded,  XIV.  562,  2  c;  XVI. 
151,  1  a. 

Massachusetts  emigrant  aid  company,  IX.  753, 

1  c. 

Massachusetts  Indians,  XI.  260. 

Massage't^e,  ancient  nomad  people,  XI.  260; 
IX.  821,  1  b. 

Massaruni  [-roo'-ne],  river  of  Guiana,  XI.  260. 
Mas'sasoit,  Indian  sachem,  XI.  261. 

Masse,  Gabriel  [mas-sa],  French  jurist,  XI.  261. 
Masse'na,  town  of  New  York,  XI.  261. 
Massena,  Andr6  [mas-sa-na],  French  marshal, 

XI.  261. 

Massey,  Gerald,  English  poet,  XI.  262. 
Massey's  indicator ,  for  soundings,  II.  69,  2  c. 
Massicot :  see  Lead,  X.  245,  1  b. 

Massilia  :  see  Marseilles. 

Mas'sillon,  city  of  Ohio,  XI.  263. 

Massillon,  Jean  Baptiste  [mas-se-yong],  French 
prelate,  XI.  263. 

Massingberd,  Francis  Charles,  English  clergy¬ 
man,  XI.  263. 

Massinger,  Philip,  dramatist,  XI.  263. 
Massinissa  :  see  Masinissa. 

Masson,  David,  Scottish  author,  XI.  264. 
Massowah,  town  of  Egypt,  XI.  264. 

Mast :  see  Ship,  XIV.  855,  1  c ;  864,  2  a. 

Mast  (acoms),  XII.  551,  2  ab. 

Mastaba:  see  Pyramid,  XIV.  104,  2  b  (ill.). 
Mastai-Ferretti,  Giovanni  Maria  [mas-tl'-fair- 
ret'-te],  (Pope  Pius  IX.),  XIII.  560,  2  c. 
Master  and  Servant,  XI.  264.  Stewards, 
factors,  and  bailiff’s  as  temporary  servants, 

2  b.  Liability  of  the  master  for  injury  done 
by  the  servant,  2  c.  In  the  case  of  carriers 
of  passengers,  265, 1  a.  Servants  for  whose 
acts  the  employer  is  not  liable,  1  b.  The 
master’s  rights,  1  c.  Liability  of  a  corpora- 


498 


MASTER 


MATTHIAS 


tion  for  acts  under  direction  of  its  executive 
officer,  ib. 

Master  Singers,  XI.  265;  VII.  764,  2  c. 

Master  of  sentences  (Peter  Lombard),  X.  587,  2  b. 

Master  of  the  buckhounds,  VII.  75,  2  b. 

Master  of  a  vessel :  see  Shipping,  XIV.  870,  2  a. 

Master  of  the  stone ,  in  Athens,  VI.  385,  2  be. 

Mastic,  plant,  XI.  265  (ill.). 

Masticating  machine ,  for  gutta  perclia,  VIII. 
344,  1  ab. 

Mastic1 ophis,  genus  of  snakes,  IV.  724,  2  b  (ill.). 

Mastiff,  variety  of  dog,  XI.  266  (ill.). 

Mastodon,  extinct  mammal,  XI.  266.  M.  gi- 
ganteus  (Ohioticus),  267, 1  a  (ill.,  266).  Other 
species,  268,  2  c.  Skeleton  (ill.),  267.  Tooth 
(ill.),  268. 

Mastodonsaurus  :  see  Labyrinthodon. 

Masudi,  Abul-Hasan  Ali  ben  Husein  ben  Ali 
[ma-soo'-de],  Arabian  scholar,  XI.  269. 

Masulahs ,  Madras  boats,  X.  832,  2  a. 

Masulipatam',  town  of  India,  XI.  270. 

Mat,  XI.  270.  Bast  mats,  2  a;  X.  502,  2  a. 

Matador' :  see  Bull  Fight,  III.  426,  1  b. 

Matagorda,  county,  XI.  270. 

Matagorda ,  county  seat,  XI.  270,  2  b. 

Matamata ,  species  of  tortoise,  XV.  810,  2  b. 

Matamoros  [ma-ta-mo'-roce],  city  of  Mexico, 
XI.  270.  Cathedral  (ill.). 

Matamoros,  Mariano,  Mexican  patriot,  XI.  271. 

Matanzas  [ma-tan'-sass],  seaport  of  Cuba,  XI. 
271  (view). 

Matapan',  Cape :  see  Cape  Matapan. 

Matara  [ma-ta'-ra] :  see  Muscat,  XII.  65,  2  c. 

Mdtari$van  [ma'-ta-ris-van],  in  Hindoo  mythol¬ 
ogy,  IX.  224,  1  c. 

Matariyeh  [ma-ta-re'-yffii],  (Heliopolis),  VIII. 
619,  1  c. 

Mataro  [ma-ta-ro'],  city  of  Spain,  XI.  272. 

Match,  for  producing  fire,  XI.  272.  Material 
of,  1  be.  Manufacture,  2  b.  Disease  caused 
by  it,  273,  1  a. 

Matchlock ,  first  use  of  in  battle,  I.  735,  1  c; 
745,  2  a. 

Mat£  [ma-ta'],  or  Paraguay  Tea,  XI.  273  (ill.). 

Mater  a  [ma-ta'-ra],  town  of  Italy,  XI.  274. 

Materia  Medica  :  see  Medicine.  Improved 
nomenclature,  author  of,  II.  631,  1  b. 

Mathematical  school ,  in  medicine,  XI.  350,  2  b. 

Mathematics,  XI.  274.  Pure,  2  a;,  mixed, 
275,  2  a.  Illustrations  of  pure  mathematics, 
2  b.  History,  276,  1  b. 

Mather,  Richard  [ma£A'-er],  English  clergy¬ 
man,  XI.  277.  Increase,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  2  a.  Cotton,  278, 1  a;  XVI.  189,  1  c. 


Mathew,  Theobald  (Father  Mathew),  XI.  278. 
Mathews,  Charles,  English  actor,  XI.  279. 
Charles  (2d),  2  a. 

Mathews,  Cornelius,  American  author,  XI.  279. 
Mathilde,  Princess  [ma-teeld] :  see  Bonaparte, 
III.  29,  2  b. 

Mathi'as,  Thomas  James,  English  author,  XL 
279. 

Mathio'la  (botany),  VII.  811,  1  a.  M.  annua, 
1  c.  M.  incana,  2  b  (ill.). 

Maths ,  religious  establishments  in  Bengal,  IX. 
706,  1  a. 

Matilda ,  daughter  of  Henry  I.  of  England,  VIII. 

642,  1  b,  c;  XV.  372,  1  a,  c. 

Matisco :  see  Macon. 

Matrass' ,  chemical  vessel,  XI.  404,  1  a. 
Matricaria  chamomilla  (botany),  IV.  245,  1  b. 
Matrix ,  for  type,  XVI.  93,  1  b. 

Matro’na :  see  Marne,  river. 

Matrone’um ,  in  the  early  church,  V.  725,  1  ab. 
Matsmai :  see  Matsumae. 

Matsumae  [mat-soo-mi'],  city  of  Japan,  XI.  280. 
Matsys,  Quintin,  Flemish  painter,  XI.  280. 
Matt ,  in  copper  smelting,  V.  325,  2  ab. 

Mattas ,  a  division  of  Pernambuco,  XIII.  307, 2  c. 
Mattathias ,  founder  of  the  Asmonean  family, 
II.  18,  1  a. 

Matter ,  germinal:  see  Protoplasm,  XIV.  35, 
1  c.  Formed  matter,  ib.  Existence  of  mat¬ 
ter  denied,  II.  560, 1  a.  Matter  and  form,  I. 
706,  2  c. 

Matter,  Jacques  [ma-tair],  French  philosopher 
and  historian,  XI.  280. 

Matterhorn,  Alpine  mountain,  XI.  280  (ill.). 
Matteucci,  Carlo  [mat-ta'-oot-che,  or  mat- 
toot'-che],  Italian  savant,  XI.  281.  Muscular 
galvanic  currents  proved,!.  519,  1  a.  Dis¬ 
covery  of  induced  animal  electricity,  520, 

1  b,  2  a.  Electrical  experiment,  VI.  503, 1  b. 
Theory  of  animal  phosphorescence,  VIII. 
40,  2  b. 

Matthew,  Saint,  apostle,  XI.  281.  Gospel  of,  2  c. 
Matthew  Paris,  English  historian,  XI.  282. 
Matthews,  county,  XI.  282. 

Matthews ,  county  seat,  XI.  282,  2  a. 

Matthew"1 s  Bible :  see  Rogers,  John,  XIV.  387, 

2  c. 

Matthews's  apparatus ,  for  mineral  water,  XI. 
596,  2  b  (ill.). 

Matthi'as,  religious  impostor,  XI.  282. 
Matthias  [Ger.  mat-te'-as],  emperor  of  Ger¬ 
many,  XI.  282.  Governor  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  2  b ;  IX.  653,  1  c ;  XVI.  636,  2  a. 
Matthias  I.,  the  Great  (Matthias  Corvinus), 


MATTHIAS 


MAXETIA 


499 


king  of  Hungary,  XI.  283;  IX.  57,  1  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  320,  1  c.  John,  XI.  283,  2  a. 
Matthias,  John  :  see  Anabaptists,  1. 442,  2  c. 
Mattiiisson,  Friedrich  von  [mat'-tis-son],  Ger¬ 
man  poet,  XI.  283. 

Mattioli ,  Ercole  [mat-te-o'-le] :  see  Ikon  Mask, 
Man  in  the,  IX.  404,  1  c. 

Mattison,  Hiram,  American  clergyman, XI.283. 
Matto  Gkosso,  province  of  Brazil,  XI.  284. 
Mat'urin,  Charles  Robert,  Irish  author,  XI. 

284.  Edward,  2  a. 

Maubeuge  [mo-buzh],  town  of  France,  XI.  284. 
Matjoh  Chunk  [mawk  chunk],  borough  of 
Pennsylvania,  XI.  284  (view)  ;  III.  770,  2  c. 
Maudsley,  Henry,  English  physiologist,  XI. 

285.  His  classification  of  insanity,  IX.  302, 

1  c.  Comparative  frequency  in  women  and 
men,  299, 1  b.  Influence  of  occupations,  2  be. 

Maui  [mow'-e],  Hawaiian  island,  XI.  285. 
Maule  [mow'-la],  province  of  Chili,  XI.  285. 
Maulmain  [mawl-mine'],  port  of  Tenasserim, 
XI.  286. 

Maumee'  river ,  Ohio,  VI.  713, 1  a ;  XII.  591,  lb. 
Mauna  Kea  [mow'-na  ka'-a],  mountain  of  Ha¬ 
waii,  XI.  286. 

Mauna  Lo'a,  volcanic  mountain  of  Hawaii,  XI. 

286 ;  VIII.  525,  2  c;  IX.  830,  2  b. 

Maundy  Thursday  :  see  Holy  Week. 

Maupas  [mo-pa],  (Charlemagne  Emile  de,  born 
1818,  minister  of  police  1852-’3,  senator 
1853-70),  III.  50,  1  c,  2  a. 

Maupertuis,  Pierre  Louis  Moreau  de  [mo-pair- 
tu-e],  French  astronomer,  XI.  287. 

Maur,  Congregation  of  St. :  see  Saint-Maur, 
and  II.  520,  1  ab. 

Maurepas,  Jean  Fr6d6rie  Phelypeaux,  count 
[more-pa],  French  statesman,  XI.  287 ;  IV. 
335,  1  a. 

Maurer,  Georg  Ludwig  von  [mow'-rer],  Ger¬ 
man  jurist,  XI.  287.  Konrad,  author,  2  b. 
Mauretania  :  see  Mauritania. 

Maurevel ,  De  [dull  more-vSl],  assassin  of  Ad¬ 
miral  Coligni,  II.  348,  1  ab ;  V.  55,  1  b. 
Maurice  [maw'-ris],  count  of  Nassau  and  prince 
of  Orange,  XI.  287 ;  I.  728,  1  c ;  XII.  247, 

2  c,  ff. 

Maurice,  duke  and  elector  of  Saxony,  XI.  288. 

See  CnARLES  V.,  IV.  296,  1  b-c. 

Maurice,  John  Frederick  Denison,  English 
clergyman  and  author,  XL  289.  Referred 
to,  XIII.  446,  2  c. 

Maurice,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  XI.  289. 
Maurice  or  Saxony  :  see  Saxe,  and  X.  42, 1  c ; 
285,  2  c;  II.  116,  1  c. 


Maurice  river ,  New  Jersey,  XII.  303,  1  b. 

Mauricius,  Flavius  Tiberius,  Byzantine  em¬ 
peror,  XI.  289. 

Maurice  Flassan  [mo-ree(je  flas-sang],  pseudo- 
nyme,  III.  480,  2  b. 

Mauritania,  in  ancient  geography,  XL  290. 

Mauritia  (botany),  XIII.  1 9, 1  b.  M.  flexuosa,  ib. 

Mauritius  [maw-rish'-us],  island,  Indian  ocean, 
XI.  290  (map).  Population,  2  c.  Coast,  ib. 
Surface,  291,  1  ab.  Climate,  2  a.  Produc¬ 
tions,  2  c.  Animals,  292,  1  b.  Commerce, 
1  c.  Intercommunication,  2  b.  Education, 
ib.  Religion,  2  c.  Government,  ib.  De¬ 
pendencies,  293,  1  a.  History,  1  c. 

Mauritius  river  (Hudson  river),  IX.  30,  2  b. 

Maurocordatos  :  see  Mavrocordatos. 

Mau'ry,  county,  XI.  293. 

Maury,  Jean  Siffrein  [mo-re],  French  cardinal, 

XI.  293. 

Maury,  Louis  Ferdinand  Alfred,  author,  XI.  294. 

Maury,  Matthew  Fontaine,  American  hydrog- 
rapher,  XI.  294.  His  explanation  of  baro¬ 
metric  anomalies,  II.  331,  2  a. 

Mauser  rifle  [mow'-zer],  IX.  270,  2  b. 

Mdusethurm  [moi'-zeh-toorm],  tower  in  Bingen, 
II.  644,  2  c. 

Mausole'um  :  see  Halicarnassus,  VIII.  393, 
1  a  (ills.)  ;  I.  773,  2  c. 

“  Mausoleum  of  hearts  speech ,”  by  Franklin 
Pierce,  XIII.  503,  1  a. 

Mauso'lus ,  king  of  Caria,  I.  773,  2  b.  See 
Mausoleum  (Index). 

Maut  [mowt],  Egyptian  goddess,  VI.  464,  1  a ; 

XII.  116,  2  a. 

Mauththurm  [mowt'-toorm],  tower  in  Bingen, 
II.  645,  1  a. 

Mauvaises  terres  [mo-vaiz  tair],  (bad  lands), 
XI.  622,  2  b ;  XIV.  381,  1  c. 

Mauve  [moav],  dyeing  material,  XI.  295  ;  I. 
509,  2  b.  See  Mallow,  XI.  66,  2  a,  b,  and 
VI.  343,  1  a. 

Mav'erick,  county,  XI.  295. 

Maverick ,  island,  III.  116,  1  be. 

Ma'vis ,  bird,  XV.  728,  2  b. 

Mavrocordatos,  Alexander  [mav-ro-kor-da/- 
tos],  Greek  statesman,  XI.  295. 

Mavromichalis ,  Constantine  and  George  [mav- 
ro-me-ka'-lis],  III.  758,  2  c. 

Mavro-  Yuno  :  see  Itymettus. 

Mawmoisine  :  see  Malvoisine. 

Maxcy,  Jonathan,  clergyman,  president  of 
Brown  university,  XI.  295. 

Max^ntius  :  see  Constantine,  V.  271,  1  a-b. 

Maxetia  (Macedonia),  X.  782,  1  ab. 


500 


MAXILLIPEDS 


MAZZIHI 


Maxillipeds ,  jaw  feet  of  lobster,  X.  561,  1  b. 
Maxima  Sequanorum,  ancient  province  of  Gaul, 
VII.  415,  1  a. 

Maximianus  I. :  see  Diocletian,  and  Con¬ 
stantine,  V.  271,  1  a  (Maximian). 
Maximianus  II. :  see  Galerius. 

Maximilian  I.,  emperor  of  Germany,  XI.  295. 

Monument  of,  IX.  292,  1  a. 

Maximilian  (Ferdinand  Maximilian  Joseph), 
archduke  of  Austria  and  emperor  of  Mexico, 
XI.  296.  Empress  Charlotte  (Carlotta),  2  c. 
Maximilian  Joseph,  duke,  German  author, 
XI.  297. 

Maximiliana  (botany),  XIII.  21,1c.  M.  regia,  ib. 
Maximin,  Roman  emperor,  XI.  297. 

Maximus ,  Petronius ,  Roman  emperor,  XVI. 

245,  1  a;  564,  2  ab ;  VI.  771,  1  c. 

Maxwell ,  county  seat,  IX.  92,  2  c. 

Maxwell,  James  Clerk,  physicist,  XI.  297. 
Maxwell ,  Sir  William  Stirling:  see  Stirling. 
Maxwelltown ,  Scotland,  VI.  309,  2  c. 

May,  month,  XI.  298. 

May ,  plant:  see  Thorn,  XV.  722,  1  c. 

May,  Caroline,  American  authoress,  XI.  298. 

Edward  H.,  painter,  1  b. 

May,  Samuel  Joseph,  clergyman,  XI.  298. 
May,  Sir  Thomas  Erskine,  author,  XI.  298. 
Mayapan  [ma-ya-pan'J :  see  Mayas,  XI.  298, 2  b. 
May  apple ,  XI.  101,  2  be ;  XIII.  633,  1  c  (ill.). 
Mayas  [ma'-yas],  Yucatan  Indians,  XI.  298. 

Maya  alphabet,  299,  1  c  (ill.). 

May  beetle ,  IV.  787,  1  ab,  2  a.  Larva  of,  how 
destroyed,  VII.  528,  2  b. 

May  Bug  :  see  Cockchafer. 

Mayence  [ma-yangs] :  see  Mentz. 

Mayenne  [ma-yen],  department  of  France,  XI. 
299.  River,  300,  1  a. 

Mayer,  Alfred  Marshall  [ml'-er],  American 
physicist,  XI.  300. 

Mayer,  Brantz,  American  author,  XI.  300. 
Mayer,  Johann  Tobias,  German  mathema¬ 
tician,  XI.  300. 

Mayer,  Julius  Robert,  physicist,  XI.  300.  His 
theory  of  the  sun’s  heat,  VIII.  568,  1  c. 
Mayer,  Karl,  pianist  and  composer,  XI.  301. 
Mayer,  Karl  Friedrich  Hartmann,  poet,  XI. 
301. 

Mayfair ,  London,  X.  596,  1  b. 

Mayfield ,  county  seat,  VIII.  175,  1  b. 

May  fish  ,  or  t  waite  shad,  XIV.  807,  2  c. 
Mayflower ,  plant,  I.  640,  1  a. 

Mayflower ,  the ,  vessel,  XVI.  150, 2  c.  See  Cape 
Cod,  III.  742,  2  a.  The  famous  compact  on 
board  the  vessel,  ib. 


Mayfly,  XI.  301.  Genus  phryganea,  2  c  (ill.). 

Ephemera,  302,  1  c  (ill.) :  see  Ephemera. 
Mayhew,  Henry  [ma'-yu],  English  author,  XI. 

302.  Works  by  the  ‘‘Brothers  Mayhew,” 
2  c.  Edward,  303,  1  a.  Thomas,  ib.  Hor¬ 
ace,  1  b.  Augustus,  ib. 

Mayhew,  Jonathan,  American  clergyman,  XI. 

303. 

Mayhew ,  Thomas ,  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
XI.  640,  2  a;  206,  1  a. 

Maynardmlle ,  county  seat,  XVI.  112,  1  be. 
Maynooth,  town  of  Ireland,  XI.  303.  May- 
nootli  college  (St.  Patrick’s  college),  1  c  (ill.). 
Mayo  [ma'-o],  county  of  Ireland,  XI.  304. 
Mayo,  Amory  Dwight,  American  clergyman, 
XI.  304.  Sarah  C.,  authoress,  2  a. 

Mayo,  Richard  Southwell  Bourke,  earl  of, 
statesman,  XI.  304;  I.  162,  2  b;  471,  1  a. 
Mayo,  William  Starbuck,  American  author, 
XI.  304. 

Mayor,  municipal  officer,  XI.  304. 

Mayor  of  the  Palace,  XI.  305  ;  VII.  379, 1  c. 
Maypop ,  plant,  VIII.  149,  1  c;  XIII.  151,  1  a. 
Maypures :  see  Maipures. 

May's  Landing ,  county  seat,  II.  68,  2  c. 
Maysville,  city  of  Kentucky,  XI.  305. 
Maysville ,  county  seat,  V.  766,  1  b. 

May  tree ,  XV.  722,  1  c. 

Mayville ,  county  seat,  IV.  346,  1  c. 

Mayweed,  plant,  XI.  305  (ill.). 

Maz'aca  :  see  Caesarea  (II.),  and  IX.  733,  1  c. 
Mazanderan' ,  division  of  Persia,  XIII.  314,  2  a 
(see  map) ;  I.  6,  2  a. 

Mazakin,  Jules,  cardinal  [ma-za-rang],  French 
statesman,  XI.  305. 

Mazarin ,  Duchess  of:  see  Mancini,  Hortense, 
XI.  96,  1  c. 

Mazarin  Bible ,  sale  of,  II.  622,  2  a.  Referred 
to,  III.  299,  1  a. 

Mazatlan  [ma-sa-tlan'J,  city  of  Mexico,  XI. 
306  (view). 

Mazdak ,  Persian  sectary,  IV.  519,  1  b. 

Mazeas ,  adobe  [ma-za-a],  (Guillaume,  1712— ’76, 
canon  of  Vannes),  electrical  experiments  by, 
X.  464,  2  b. 

Mazeppa,  Jan,  hetman  of  the  Cossacks,  XL 
307;  IV.  305,  2  a,  ff. 

Mazers,  “  indulgenced  ”  cups,  XI.  156,  1  ab. 
Mazovia :  see  Masovia. 

Mazzara,  Count  [mat-sa'-ra],  II.  240,  1  a. 
Mazzikim,  of  the  Jews,  VII.  63,  1  c. 

Mazzini,  Giuseppe  [mat-se'-ne],  Italian  revolu¬ 
tionist,  XI.  307.  League  of  Young  Italy,  2  b. 
Young  Europe,  &c.,  308, 1  b.  International 


MAZZOLINI 


MEDEOLA 


501 


league  of  peoples, 2  b.  Dagger  insurrection  in 
Milan,  309,  1  ab.  Efforts  to  unify  Italy,  1  c. 

Mazzolini,  Lodovico  [mat-so-le'-ne],  painter, 
XI.  309. 

Mazzuciielli,  Giovanni  Maria  [mat-soo-kel'-le], 
jurist,  XI.  309. 

Mazzuola,  Francesco :  see  Parmigiano. 

Mead,  Larkin  Goldsmith,  American  sculptor, 
XI.  309. 

Mead,  Richard,  English  physician,  XI.  309. 

Meade,  county,  XI.  310. 

Meade ,  George  Gordon ,  general,  XI.  310,  2  c. 

Meade ,  Joseph :  see  Mede. 

Meade,  Richard  Kidder,  American  soldier,  XI. 
310.  William,  bishop,  1  be. 

Meade,  Richard  Worsam,  merchant,  XI.  310. 
Meade  claim,  2  b.  George  Gordon,  general,  2  c. 

Meadow  beauty ,  flowering  plant,  Y.  762,  1  a. 

Meadow  foxtail ,  grass,  VIII.  168,  1  c. 

Meadow  grasses ,  VIII.  167,  2  ab. 

Meadow  Lark,  XI.  311  (ill.). 

Meadow  Mouse,  XI.  311.  Common  American, 
2  c;  campagnol,  312, 1  a  (ill.) ;  economic,  ib. 

Meadow  ore :  see  Bog  Ore. 

Meadow  Saffron  :  see  Colchicum. 

Meadow  sweet ,  plant,  XV.  274,  1  c  (ill.). 

Meadows ,  the ,  near  Edinburgh,  VI.  405,  1  c. 

Meadville,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XI.  312. 

Meadville ,  county  seat,  VII.  433,  2  c. 

Meagher  [me'-gher],  county,  XI.  312. 

Meagher,  Thomas  Francis  [ma'-her],  Irish  rev¬ 
olutionist,  and  American  officer,  XI.  312. 

Meal  Worm,  XI.  313  (ill.);  II.  477,  2  a. 

Mealy  Bug,  XI.  313 ;  VIII.  630,  1  c. 

Mealy  canary ,  III.  692,  1  c. 

Meandrina  [me-an-drl'-na] :  see  Coral,  V. 
340,  2  c  (ill.). 

Mean  solar  time ,  V.  722,  1  c. 

Mean  synodical  period ,  IX.  719,  1  be. 

Mearim  [ma-a-reeng/],  river  of  Brazil,  XI.  313. 

Mearns,  The  [mairns] :  see  Kincardineshire. 

Measles,  XI.  313.  In  swine,  VI.  665,  1  c; 
how  produced,  2  c. 

Measure ,  natural  unit  of,  XVI.  537,  2  b.  Sug¬ 
gestion  of  Soleil,  II.  588,  2  a. 

Measures:  see  Weights  and  Measures. 

Meat  fever ,  VI.  101,  1  be. 

Meath,  county  of  Ireland,  XI.  314. 

Meaux  [mo],  town  of  France,  XI.  314.  Bish¬ 
op  of,  1  be;  III.  115,  1  b. 

Mecanique  celeste  [ma-ka-neek  sa-lest] :  see  La¬ 
place,  X.  163,  1  a ;  BowDiTcn,  III.  163, 
2  b. 

Mecca,  holy  city  of  Arabia,  XI.  314.  Great 


mosque,  2  a  (ill.).  Caaba,  2  c.  Climate  of, 
I.  619,  2  a.  Little  Mecca,  III.  150,  1  b. 

Mecca  balsam ,  II.  250,  1  c. 

MkcnAiN,  Pierre  Francois  Andr6  [ma-shang], 
French  astronomer,  XL  315. 

Mechanical  forces  of  nature ,  neglect  of  by  the 
ancients,  I.  201,  2  c ;  202,  1  a. 

Mechanical  paradox,  VIII.  359,  2  ab. 

Mechanics,  XI.  315  (ills.).  In  ancient  times, 
316,  1  a;  in  modern,  317,  1  a.  Laws  of 
motion,  318,  1  a.  Momentum  and  impact, 
1  c.  Uniformly  accelerated  rectilinear  mo¬ 
tion,  laws  of  falling  bodies,  319,  1  c.  Com¬ 
position  and  resolution  of  forces,  321,  1  be. 
Centre  of  gravity,  322,  1  be.  Centrifugal 
force,  323, 1  be ;  centripetal,  2  a.  The  pen¬ 
dulum,  324,  2  a.  Mechanical  powers,  326, 
1  ab.  Theory  of  machines,  ib. ;  the  lever, 
1  c  ;  wheel  and  axle,  327,  1  b ;  pulley,  2  c ; 
inclined  plane,  328,  2  a;  wedge,  2  c;  screw, 

329,  1  a ;  toggle  joint,  1  c. 

Mechoinicsburg ,  county  seat,  II.  694,  2  c. 

Mecheln,  Israel  von  [ma'-kheln],  German  en¬ 
graver  and  painter,  XI.  330. 

MEcnERiNO  [ma-ka-re'-no]  :  see  Beccafumi. 

Mechi,  John  Joseph  [mek'-e],  English  agricul¬ 
turist,  XI.  330. 

MEcniTAR :  see  Mekhitar. 

Mechlin  [mek'-lin],  city  of  Belgium,  XI. 

330. 

Meciioacan  :  see  MicnoACAN. 

Meckenen ,  Israel  von  :  see  Mecheln. 

Meck'lenburg,  county  of  Virginia,  XI.  330. 
Of  Xorth  Carolina,  2  c ;  declaration  of  in¬ 
dependence,  331,  1  a,  IV.  320,  2  ab. 

Mecklenburg  [mek'-len-boorg],  territory  of 
Germany,  XI.  331.  Mecklenburg-Scliwerin, 
grand  duchy,  1  b.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  2  a. 

Meco'nia :  see  Opium,  XII.  650,  1  b. 

Mecon'ic  acid ,  XII.  649,  1  b. 

Meconium ,  extract  of  poppy,  XII.  647,  1  a. 

Mecosta,  county,  XI.  331. 

Medal ,  medallet ,  medallion ,  defined,  XII.  535, 
1  c. 

Medallion  ruling  machine ,  for  bank-note  en¬ 
graving,  VI.  655,  2  a. 

Medals  :  see  Numismatics,  XII.  537,  1  c. 

Medard ,  St.  [ma-dar],  (Medardus,  about  456- 
545,  bishop  of  Noyon  and  Tournay),  festival 
of  roses  instituted  by,  XII.  529,  1  c.  Abbey 
of  (over  his  tomb),  XV.  154,  1  b. 

Mede,  Joseph,  English  theologian,  XI.  331. 

Mede'a,  mythical  princess,  XI.  332. 

Mede'ola  Virgin'ica  (botany),  IX.  243,  1  c. 


502 


MEDES 


MEDULLARY 


Medes ,  the :  see  Media,  and  Iranic  Races,  &c., 
IX.  346,  1  c. 

Medford,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XI.  332. 

Medhurst,  Walter  Henry,  English  missionary, 
XI.  332. 

Me'dia,  ancient  country  of  Asia,  XI.  332. 

Media,  county  seat,  Y.  775,  1  c. 

Medice'val  architecture ,  revival  of  in  England, 
I.  666,  1  b. 

Median  operation ,  for  the  stone,  XY.  398,  2  c. 

Mediate  auscultation ,  X.  92,  1  c. 

Mediation,  act  of,  XY.  531,  1  b. 

Medica'go  (botany),  X.  702,  2  ab.  M.  sativa, 
ib.  (ill.).  M.  Ippulina,  703,  2  a.  M.  denti- 
culata,  ib. 

Medical  Electricity,  XI.  333.  Its  four  peri¬ 
ods,  2  be.  In  ancient  times,  2  c.  Modern 
use  of,  ib.  Galvanism,  334,  1  b.  Inductive 
electricity,  2  a.  Modes  of  applying  it,  2  be ; 
galvano-causty,  2  c ;  galvanization,  335,  1  a ; 
faradization,  ib. ;  electrolysis,  ib.  Effects 
on  various  parts  of  the  body,  1  b. 

Medical  Jurisprudence,  XI.  336.  Treatises 
upon,  1  b.  Reproduction  of  the  species, 
337,  2  a.  Death  by  violence,  339,  1  c ;  from 
starvation,  340,  1  b ;  by  asphyxia,  1  be ;  by 
strangulation,  2  a;  by  suffocation,  341,  1  a; 
by  drowning,  1  b ;  by  poisons,  2  a. 

Medice'an  chapel,  in  Florence,  YII.  275,  2  c. 

Medicean  Virgil,  XI.  132,  2  b. 

Medici  [ma'-de-che],  Florentine  family,  XI. 

342.  Cosmo  I.,  the  Elder,  2  c.  Pietro  I., 

343,  1  b.  Lorenzo  the  Magnificent,  1  c. 
Pietro  II.,  344,  2  a.  Giuliano,  2  b.  Ippo- 
lito,  2  c.  Lorenzo  II.,  ib.  Alessandro,  345, 
1  a.  Cosmo  the  Great,  1  b.  Patronage  of 
literature  by,  IX.  460,  1  c. 

Medici,  Catharine  de’ :  see  Catharine  de’ 
Medici. 

Medici ,  Fernando  de\  cardinal:  see  Capello, 
Bianca,  III.  749,  2  ab. 

Medici,  Gianangelo  de ’  (Pope  Pius  IY.),  XIII. 
558,  2  a. 

Medici,  Giovanni  de ’  (Leo  X.),  X.  346,  2  c. 

Medici ,  Giulio  de ’  (Clement  YII.),  IY.  662,  2  a. 

Medici,  Maria  de’ :  see  Maria  de’  Medici. 

Medicine,  XI.  345.  In  Greece,  1  c ;  in  Alex¬ 
andria,  346, 1  c;  in  Rome,  347, 1  a.  Influence 
of  Christianity  on,  348, 1  a  ;  of  the  Arabians, 
1  b.  In  the  middle  ages,  1  c.  Human  dis¬ 
sections,  2  c.  In  modern  times,  349,  1  ab ; 
improvements  in  surgery,  1  be ;  advance  in 
anatomy,  2  b;  enlargement  of  the  materia 
medica,  350, 1  a.  Influence  of  chemistry  on 


medical  science,  1  c.  Iatro-mathematical 
school,  2  a.  Metaphysical  system  of  Stahl, 
351,  1  a.  Advance  in  the  18th  and  19th 
centuries,  1  be. — Eclectic  medicine,  352, 1  a. 
Legal  or  forensic  medicine :  see  Medical 
Jurisprudence. 

Medicine  Bow  mountains ,  XYI.  749,  2  b. 
Medill',  Joseph,  American  journalist,  XI.  352. 
Medi'na,  two  counties,  XI.  352. 

Medina ,  county  seat,  XI.  352,  2  b. 

Medina,  city  of  Arabia,  XI.  352  (view,  353). 
Climate  of,  I.  619,  2  a. 

Medina  [ma-de'-na],  old  name  of  Citta  Yecchia, 
IY.  616,  1  ab. 

Medina  Sidonia,  town  of  Spain,  XI.  353. 
Medina  Sidonia,  dulce  of:  see  Armada,  Span¬ 
ish,  I.  719,  2  a. 

Medinet-Abu  [ma-de'-net-a-boo'],  village  of 
Egypt,  XY.  687,  2  c ;  688,  1  b. 

Medinet  el-Fciyoom  [-fi-oom'J,  town  of  Egypt, 
YII.  102,  2  c. 

Medinet  en-JSfebi  [-na'-be] :  see  Medina,  Arabia. 
Mediola'num  (Evreux),  YII.  17,  2  c. 
Mediolanum :  see  Milan,  XI.  533,  1  a. 
Mediomat'rici :  see  Metz,  XI.  462,  1  c. 
Mediterranean  Sea,  XI.  353.  Coasts,  2  b. 
Its  two  basins,  ib.  ;  their  subdivisions,  2  c. 
Islands,  354,  1  a.  Affluents,  1  b.  Color  of 
the  water,  ib.  Depth  in  different  parts,  1  c. 
Tidal  motion,  2  a.  Local  currents,  2  b. 
Prevailing  winds,  2  c.  Electrical  phenom¬ 
ena,  355,  1  a.  Fauna,  1  c.  Temperature 
and  constitution  of  the  water,  1  a  (see  Car¬ 
penter,  IY.  19,  2  ab).  Saltness  and  spe¬ 
cific  gravity,  354,  2  c ;  XII.  572,  1  b. 
Mediterraneans :  see  Ethnology,  YI.  759,  1  b. 
Medium :  see  Spiritualism,  XY.  275,  2  b. 
Medjidie  [med-je'-de-a],  gold  coin,  XIII.  494, 1  b. 
Medjidieh,  town  of  European  Turkey,  XI.  355. 
Medlar,  tree,  XI.  355  (ill.,  356).  European, 
2  c.  Japan,  356,  1  a. 

Medo'acus  Major,  river  :  see  Brenta. 

Medoc  [ma-duk] :  see  France,  Wines  of,  YII. 
410,  2  a,  ff. 

Medon,  first  Athenian  archon,  I.  666,  2  b;  II. 
54,  2  c. 

Medreses  [med-res'-es],  Mohammedan  colleges, 

IX.  822,  la;  X.  40,  1  c. 

MeduVla  :  see  Marrow.  Medulla  of  bone  re¬ 
ferred  to,  III.  58,  2  b,  c.  Medulla  oblongata, 
III.  186,  1  b,  2  ab;  189,  1  c. 

Med'ullary  layer,  of  the  brain,  III.  186,  2  c; 

X.  409,  1  a;  XII.  232,  1  be. 

Medullary  rays,  of  exogens,  YII.  30,  2  ab. 


MEDUSA 


MELAZZO 


503 


Medu'sa,  in  mythology :  see  Gorgons. 

Medusa,  in  zoology:  see  Jelly  Fisrr.  Struc¬ 
ture  of,  IX.  96,  2  be. 

Medusa's  head ,  star  fish,  XII.  644,  1  b. 

Medway,  river  of  England,  XI.  356. 

Meek,  Alexander  Beaufort,  American  author, 
XI.  356. 

Meeka,  Bible  translator  in  Amharic,  I.  49,  1  c. 

Meeker,  county,  XI.  356. 

Meel  [mail] :  see  Miel. 

Meerane  [ma'-ra-neh],  Saxony,  XI.  356. 

Meer  Jaffier :  see  Clive,  IV.  694,  1  a,  2  a,  b. 

Meer'schaum  [Ger.  mair'-showm],  mineral,  XI. 
356.  Pipes  of,  357,  1  a.  Massa  bowls,  1  b. 

Mee'rut,  district  of  India,  XI.  357.  City,  1  c. 

Megaceros  Miber'nicus  [meg-as'-e-ros],  fossil 
elk,  VI.  541,  1  a. 

Megachile  centuncula'ris  [meg-a-ki'-le],  (ento¬ 
mology),  II.  459,  1  be  (ill.). 

Megacles  [meg'-a-kleez],  archon  of  Athens,  I. 
263,  2  c;  II.  55,  1  a. 

Megce'ra:  see  Eumenides. 

Megalich’thys ,  fossil  fish,  VII.  616,  1  c. 

Megalocas’  tron  (Candia),  III.  697,  2  a. 

Megaloch' elys  Indica  (zoology),  XV.  813,  1  b. 

Megalo'nyx,  extinct  animal,  XI.  357. 

Megalopolis,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XI.  358. 

Megalosau'rus,  fossil  reptile,  XI.  358  (ill.) ; 
749,  1  be. 

Megalo'tis  (zoology),  VII.  130,  2  c.  M.  Bru- 
cei,  131,  1  a  (ill.).  M.  Lalandii,  1  b. 

Megantic,  county,  XI.  359. 

Megapodius  tumulus  (ornithology),  III.  367, 2  a. 

Meg'ara,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XI.  359. 

Mega'ric  school ,  referred  to,  XIII.  437,  2  c. 

Meg'aris,  district  of  ancient  Greece,  XI.  359. 

Megasthenes  [meg'-a-stheens],  division  of 
mammals,  XI.  359. 

Megathe'rium,  extinct  animal,  XI.  359  (ills.). 

Mege-Mouriez  [maizh-moo-re-a],  French  chem¬ 
ist,  XII.  614,  2  b. 

Megerle,  Ulrich  von  [ma'-gher-leh] :  see  Abra¬ 
ham  a  Sancta  Clara. 

Meggot:  see  Elwes,  John. 

Megiddo  [me-ghid'-do],  battle  of,  IX.  690,  1  be. 

Mego  [ma'-go],  shark,  VII.  110,  2  a. 

Meiiadia  [ma-ha'-de-a],  Hungary,  XI.  361. 

Meiiemet  Ali  [ma'-hem-et  a'-le],  pasha  of 
Egypt,  XI.  361 ;  VII.  116,  2  a. 

Mehemet  Ali,  mosque  of,  III.  553,  2  a  (ill.). 

Mehemet  Murad ,  1. 16,  2  a.  (Sultan  as  Murad  or 
Amurath VMMay30-Aug.31,1876;  deposed.) 

Mehul,  Etienne  Henri  [ma-til],  French  com¬ 
poser,  XL  362. 


Meiggs,  Henry  [megz],  American  merchant, 
XI.  362.  (Died  1877.) 

Meigs,  two  counties,  XI.  363. 

Meigs,  James  Atkins,  physician,  XI.  363. 
Meigs,  Beturn  Jonathan,  soldier,  XI.  363. 
Meinder  [main'-der],  river :  see  Meander. 
Meiners,  Christoph  [mi'-nerce],  German  his¬ 
torian,  XI.  363. 

Meiningen  [ml'-ning-en],  Germany,  XI.  363. 
Meissen  [mi'-sen],  Saxony,  XI.  363. 

Meissner,  Alfred  [mice'-ner],  German  poet, 
XI.  363. 

Meissonier,  Jean  Louis  Ernest  [ma-suh-nya], 
French  painter,  XI.  364.  Jean  Charles,  1  b. 
Meistersdnger  [mice'-ter-seng-er] :  see  Master 
Singers. 

Mejerda  [med-j&r'-da],  river  of  Africa,  XI.  364. 
Mejia,  Tomas  [ma-khe'-a],  Mexican  soldier, 

XI.  364. 

Mejico  [ma/-khe-ko] :  see  Mexico. 

Mejillones  [ma-khe-lyo'-nace],  town  and  bay  of 
Bolivia,  III.  12,  1  b. 

Mekhilta,  in  Hebrew  literature,  VIII.  595,  1  a. 
Mekhitar  [mek'-e-tar],  founder  of  the  Mekhi- 
tarists,  XI.  364. 

Mehhitarists ,  congregation  of  Armenian  monks, 
I.  726,  1  a.  Improved  edition  of  Mezrob’s 
Bible,  727,  1  c.  Mekhitarists  of  San  Lazaro, 
2  be.  See  Mekhitar. 

Mekong',  river  of  Further  India,  XI.  365. 
Mela,  Pomponius,  Roman  geographer,  XI.  365  ; 

VII.  684,  1  b;  X.  196,  2  c. 

Melaleuca  (botany),  III.  559,  1  c.  M.  cajuputi, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Melampus,  in  Greek  mythology,  XI.  365. 
Melancholia  :  see  Insanity,  IX.  302,  2  c. 
MELANcn'raoN,  Philipp,  second  leader  of  the 
Lutheran  reformation,  XI.  365.  His  ser¬ 
vices  as  a  reformer,  1  c,  fF.  “  Qualified 
countenance”  of  the  bigamy  of  Philip  of 
Hesse,  367,  1  c ;  XIII.  416,  1  c.  His  faith 
in  omens,  XII.  627,  1  a.  See  XI.  811,  1  c; 
XIII.  440,  2  a. 

Melanchthonians ,  V.  534,  1  c ;  XIV.  246,  1  c. 
Melandra  castle,  VIII.  35,  2  c  (Glossop). 
Melaner'pes  erythroceph'  alus  (ornithology), 
XVI.  710,  1  be. 

Melanesia  :  see  Micronesia,  and  II.  128,  1  c; 

XII.  573,  1  b. 

Melanesians,  XI.  56,  1  b ;  57,  1  ab. 

Melanite,  black  garnet,  VII.  625,  2  a. 
Melano'sis,  a  morbid  growth,  XI.  367. 
Melanospores :  see  Alg^e,  I.  300,  2  b. 

Melazzo  :  see  Milazzo. 


504 


MELBOURNE 


MELVILLE 


Melbourne  [mel'-burn],  city  of  Australia,  XI. 
367  (ill.). 

Melbourne,  William  Lamb,  viscount,  British 
statesman,  XI.  369.  Caroline  (Lady  Caro¬ 
line  Lamb),  novelist,  1  c. 

Melchite  party  [mel'-kite] :  see  Monophysites, 
XI.  757,  2  c ;  Copts,  V.  334,  1  a. 
MELcnizEDEK  [mel-kiz'-e-dek],  XI.  369 ;  IX.  620, 

1  ab. 

Melchthal,  Arnold  vom  [melkh'-tal],  Swiss  pa¬ 
triot,  XI.  369. 

Melcombe,  Lord  [mel'-kum] :  see  Dodington. 
Meldi ,  country  of  the,  III.  284,  1  a. 

Meleager  [me-le-a'-jer],  mythical  hero  of 
Greece,  XI.  369.  Macedonian  general,  370, 
1  a.  Greek  epigrammatist,  ib. 

Melea'gris  (ornithology),  XVI.  54,  1  c.  M. 
gallopavo,  2  a  (ill.).  M.  ocellata  and  M. 
Mexicana,  55,  1  b. 

Melee  [ma-la]:  see  Tournament,  XV.  824,  2' 
be. 

Melegnano  [ma-la-nya'-no],  town  of  Italy,  XI. 

370.  Battle  of,  1  b ;  VII.  416,  2  b. 
Melendez  Valdez,  Juan  Antonio  [ma-lain'- 
tAaith  val'-^aith],  Spanish  poet,  XI.  370. 
Me'les  (zoology),  II.  212,  1  a.  M.  vulgaris, 

1  c  (ill.).  M.  Labradorica,  2  be  (ill.).  M. 
collaris,  213,  1  a  (ill.). 

Melesigines  [inel-e-sij'-e-neez],  name  given  to 
Homer,  VIII.  778,  2  a. 

Melesville  [mail-veel],  pseudonyme,  VI.  334,  2  b. 
Meletian  schism  :  see  Meletius. 

Meletius,  ancient  schismatic,  XI.  370. 
Meletius,  Saint,  XI.  370. 

Melez'itose ,  kind  of  sugar,  XV.  441,  2  b. 
Melgarejo  [mail-ga-ra'-kho],  president  of  Bolivia, 
III.  16,  1  a,  ff. 

Meli,  Giovanni  [ma'-le],  Italian  poet,  XI.  371. 
Melia  (botany),  XIII.  831,  1  ab.  M.  Indica, 

2  a.  M.  azedarach,  ib.  (ill.). 

Melia' cece  (botany),  XIII.  831,  1  b. 

Melicer'tes ,  in  Greek  legend,  IX.  437,  2  b. 

Greek  name  of  Melkart,  XII.  118,  1  b. 
Mel'ita  :  see  Malta,  and  Civita  Veccuia,  IV. 
616,  1  b. 

Melitce'a  (entomology),  III.  498,  2  c.  M.  my- 
rina,  ib.  M.  selene,  ib. 

Melite  [mel'-e-te] :  see  Samothrace. 
Melithrep'tes  Pacifica  (ornithology),  VIII.  526, 
2  b. 

Melitius :  see  Meletius. 

Mel'itose :  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  2  b. 

Melittoth' eres  Hu'bicus  (ornithology),  II.  464, 
2  a  (ill.). 


Melkart,  Melkarth ,  Melk-karth ,  Phoenician  di¬ 
vinity,  XII.  118,  1  b ;  IV.  37,  2  c. 

Mellarium ,  III.  23,  2  c  (Bona  Dea). 

Mellen,  Grenville,  American  poet,  XI.  371. 
Mellier's  process ,  for  paper  pulp,  XIII.  47,  2  b. 
MELLiN,Gustaf  Henrik,  Swedish  author,  XI.  371. 
Mello :  see  Melo. 

Mellon ,  Harriet :  see  Saint  Albans,  duchess  of. 
Mello'ni,  Macedonio,  Italian  physicist,  XI. 
371.  His  investigations  respecting  heat,  VI. 

81,  1  ab-2  c  (ill.);  83,  2  b;  referred  to,  II. 
666,  2  c. 

Melmoth,  William  [mel'-muth],  English  author, 
XI.  371.  William  (2d),  2  c. 

Melo,  Francisco  Manuel  de  [ma'-lo],  Portu- 
guese-Spanish  historian  and  poet,  XI.  371. 
Melodeon,  musical  instrument,  XI.  372 ;  XII. 

82,  1  b ;  XIV.  242,  2  b. 

Melodrama  :  see  Drama,  VI.  246,  2  c. 
Melodu'num :  see  Melun. 

Melody  :  see  Music,  XII.  83,  1  c.  “  Endless 
melody”  (melos),  93,  2  a;  XVI.  418,  1  c. 
Melolontha  (entomology),  II.  477,  1  be.  M. 
subspinosa,  XIV.  438,  1  c  (ill.).  M.  vulgaris, 
IV.  786,  2  a  (ills.,  786,  787). 

Melon,  fruit,  XI.  372.  Muskmelon,  1  be  (ills.). 
Watermelon,  373,  2  c  (ills.).  Citron  water¬ 
melon,  374,  1  c  (ill.). 

Melon  thistle  (Turk’s  cap),  III.  533,  2  be. 
Meloph'agus  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  c. 
Meloplaste ,  le  [lull  ma-lo-plast],  musical  sys¬ 
tem,  VII.  569,  2  be. 

Melopsittacus  (ornithology),  XIII.  124,  1  a. 
Melos,  island  of  Greece,  XI.  374. 

Melos ,  endless  melody,  XVI.  418,  1  c  (Wag¬ 
ner)  ;  XII.  93,  2  a. 

Melospiza  (ornithology),  VII.  192,  1  b;  XV. 
229,  2  c. 

Melpom'ene,  muse  of  tragedy,  XI.  374. 

Melrir  [mel-reer'J,  salt  lake  of  Algeria,  1. 303, 1  c. 
Mel'rose ,  county  seat,  VIII.  463,  1  b.  Village, 
New  York  city,  XII.  374,  1  ab. 

Melrose'  Abbey,  Scotland,  XI.  374  (ill.). 
Meltem:  see  Etesian  Winds. 

Melting  point ,  effect  upon  it  of  increase  of 
pressure,  VIII.  578,  2  c. 

Melton-Mowbray,  town  of  England,  XI.  375. 
Melun  [muh-lunBJ,  town  of  France,  XI.  375. 
Melville,  Andrew,  Scottish  reformer,  XI.  375. 
Melville,  Herman,  American  author,  XI.  376. 
Melville,  Sir  James,  Scottish  soldier,  XI.  376. 
Melville,  Lord :  see  Dundas. 

Melville  Island,  in  polar  America :  see  Mel¬ 
ville  Sound.  Near  Australia,  XI.  376,  2  be. 


MELVILLE 


MEXNO 


505 


Melville  Sound,  polar  America,  XI.  370. 

Island,  377,  1  a.  Peninsula,  1  b. 

Melyador,  collection  of  poems,  VII.  507,  2  c. 
Membertou,  Henry  [ma“g-bair-too'J,  Micmac 
sagamore,  XI.  377. 

Membracis  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  2  c  (ill.). 
Membrana  basilar  is,  of  the  ear,  XV.  185,  1  c ; 
186,  2  a,  c;  187,  1  a,  b.  M.  Reissneri,  185, 
1  be.  M.  tectoria,  1  c ;  186,  2  c. 

Membrane,  in  anatomy,  XI.  377. 

Membranes  of  pollen  grains ,  XIII.  587,  1  be. 
Membre,  Zenobius  [mfing-bra],  French  mission¬ 
ary,  XI.  378. 

Memel  [ma'-mel],  town  of  Prussia,  XI.  378. 
Memel  River  :  see  Niemen. 

Meminna  (zoology),  XII.  95,  2  b.  M.  Indica, 
96,  1  ab. 

Memling,  Hans,  Flemish  painter,  XI.  378. 
Memmi,  Simone,  Italian  painter,  XI.  378. 
Memmingen  [mem'-ming-en],  town  of  Bavaria, 
XI.  379. 

Memminger,  Charles  Gustavus  [mem'-min-jer], 
American  politician,  XI.  379. 

Memnon,  Homeric  hero,  XI.  379.  The  vocal 
Memnon,  colossal  statue,  1  c;  I.  387,  1  a. 
The  young  Memnon,  colossal  head,  II.  512,1  c. 
Memnonium ,  Egyptian  building,  XV.  688,  1  a. 
Memorandum  articles ,  in  insurance,  IX.  317,  2  a. 
Memphis,  city  of  Tennessee,  XI.  379  (view,  380). 
Memphis,  county  seat,  XIV.  697,  2  be. 
Memphis,  ancient  capital  of  Egypt,  XI.  380. 
Memphitic  version  of  the  Scriptures,  V.  333, 1  a. 
Memphrema'gog,  Lake,  XI.  381. 

Menacannite,  ore  of  iron,  IX.  407,  1  a. 
Menage,  Gilles  [ma-nazh],  French  author,  XI. 
381. 

Menai  Strait,  Wales,  XI.  381. 

Menam ',  river  of  Siam,  XV.  10,  2  ab. 

Menan,  island :  see  Grand  Manan. 

Menander,  Athenian  dramatic  poet,  XI.  381. 
Menapii,  ancient  people,  III.  176,  1  b. 
Menard',  two  counties,  XI.  382. 

Menard,  Rene  [muh-nar],  missionary  to  the 
Indians,  XI.  382. 

Menardville ,  county  seat,  XI.  382,  1  a. 
Menasseii  ben  Israel,  rabbi,  XI.  382. 

Mencius  :  see  China,  IV.  473,  2  a. 

Mencke,  Otto  [menk'-kgh],  I.  74,  1  a  (Acta 
Eruditorum). 

Mendhs'ans  :  see  Christians  of  St.  John. 
MendaSa  Archipelago  [main-da'-nya] :  see 
Marquesas  Islands. 

Mendelssohn,  Moses  [men'-dels-zone],  German 
philosopher,  XI.  382. 


Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,  Felix  [-bar-tole'-de], 
composer,  XI.  383;  XII.  93,  1  b. 

Men'des,  city  of  ancient  Egypt,  XI.  384. 
Mendez  Pinto,  Fernam,  Portuguese  adventurer, 
XI.  384;  IX.  543,  2  a. 

Mendicants  :  see  Religious  Orders,  and  Mon- 
achism. 

Mendizabal,  Juan  Alvarez  y  [main-^e-tha'- 
bal],  Spanish  financier,  XI.  385. 

Mendocino  [men-do-se'-no],  county,  XI.  385. 
Mendoza  [main-do'-sa],  Argentine  province, 
XI.  385.  Capital,  386,  1  b. 

Mendoza  [main-£Ao'-tha],  Spanish  family,  XI. 
386.  Inigo  Lopez  de,  marquis  de  Santillana, 
poet,  1  c.  Pedro  Gonzales  de,  cardinal,  2  a ; 
IX.  294, 1  c.  Diego  Hurtado  de,  author  and 
diplomatist,  XI.  386,  2  b  ;  XV.  220,  2  be, 
221, 1  c.  Antonio  de,  viceroy  of  Xew  Spain, 
XI.  387,  1  a. 

Menede'mus,  his  school  of  philosophy  referred 
to,  VI.  707,  2  be. 

Menela'us,  Homeric  hero,  XI.  387. 

Menendez  de  Aviles,  Pedro  [ma-nain'-^aith 
da  a-ve'-lace],  Spanish  admiral,  XI.  387.  Mas¬ 
sacre  of  French  prisoners,  2  b;  XIV.  305, 
2  a. 

Menes  [me'-neez] :  see  Egypt,  VI.  459,  1  a,  b. 
Menes  Magyarat  [ma'-nesh  mod'-yor-ot],  wine, 

IX.  66,  2  a. 

Mengs,  Anton  Rafael  [menks],  German  paint¬ 
er,  XI.  388. 

Meng-tse  [meng-tsa'] :  see  Mencius  (Index). 
Menha'den,  fish,  XI.  388  (ill.) ;  XIV.  631,  2  b. 

Oil  of,  XI.  389,  1  a ;  VII.  232,  1  ab. 

Men'hir :  see  Finds,  VII.  198,  2  a. 

Menifee,  county,  XI.  388. 

Menilite,  variety  of  opal,  XII.  642,  1  b. 
Meningeal  haemorrhage,  III.  199,  2  c ;  traumatic 
cases  of,  ib. 

Menin'ges  of  the  brain ,  III.  187,  2  c. 
Meningi'tis:  see  Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  III. 
200,  1  be,  ff. 

Menip'pe  mercena'ria ,  crab,  V.  450,  1  a. 
Menippus,  Greek  philosopher,  XI.  388. 
Meniscus,  converging  and  diverging,  lenses, 

X.  342,  2  c,  343,  1  a ;  XII.  658,  2  c  (ill.). 
Menispermum  cocculus  (botany),  IV.  775,  1  c. 
Menkar,  star,  IV.  218,  2  a. 

Mennas,  council  of:  see  Universalists,  XVI. 
208,  2  a. 

Mennonites,  religious  sect,  XI.  389 ;  II.  292, 
1  c,  293,  2  b. 

Menno  Simonis :  see  Menno  Symons. 

Menno  Symons,  religious  reformer,  XI.  390. 


506 


MENOBRANCHUS 


MERGANSER 


Menobranchus,  batrachian  reptile,  XI.  391. 

M.  maculatus,  1  c.  M.  lateralis,  ib.  (ill.). 
Menologium ,  illuminated  calendar,  XI.  599,  2  a. 
Menom'inee,  county,  XI.  391. 

Menominee ,  county  seat,  XI.  392,  1  a. 
Menominee 8 :  see  Menomonees. 

Menomonee ,  county  seat,  VI.  318,  1  b. 
Menomonees,  tribe  of  Indians,  XI.  392. 
Menopo'ma,  batrachian  reptile,  XI.  392.  M. 
Alleghaniense,  2  be  (ill.).  M.  fuscum,  393,  la. 
Gigantic  salamander  of  Japan,  ib. ;  fossil,  2  a. 
Menorrhagia:  see  Haemorrhage,  VIII.  374,  2  c. 
Menses  :  see  Catamenia. 

Men'shikoff,  Alexander  Danilovitch,  prince, 
Russian  general  and  statesman,  XI.  393  ;  IV. 
110,  2  a,  c,  111,  1  a.  Alexander  Sergeye- 
vitcb,  prince,  XI.  393,  2  c. 

Menstruation:  see  Catamenia. 

Mensuration,  XI.  394.  Of  length,  1  c;  me¬ 
chanical,  ib. ;  geometrical,  2  ab ;  algebraic, 
2  be.  Of  surface,  2  c.  Of  solidity,  395, 1  ab ; 
mechanical,  ib. ;  geometrical  and  algebraic, 

1  b ;  fluxional,  1  c.  Gauge  rod,  ib.  Device 
of  Archimedes,  and  of  Galileo,  for  measuring 
complicated  figures,  2  a. 

Mentana  [men-ta'-na],  battle  of,  VII.  624, 1  b ; 

IX.  454,  1  be ;  XIII.  43,  2  b. 

Mentchikoff  :  see  Menshikoff. 

Mentha  (botany),  XI.  614,  2  c.  M.  viridis,  2  c 
(ill.,  615).  M.  piperita,  615, 1  be.  M.  arven- 
sis,  rotundifolia,  aquatica,  and  sativa,  2  c. 
M.  Canadensis  and  borealis,  616,  1  a.  M. 
pulegium,  XIII.  271,  2  c. 

Menton  [mang-tong] :  see  Mentone. 

Mentone  [men-to'-na],  town  of  France,  XI. 

395.  Bone  caves,  2  c  (ill.,  396). 

Mentor,  in  Homer’s  Odyssey,  XI.  396. 

Mentu  [men-too'],  Egyptian  deity,  XII.  116,  2  b. 
Mentz,  city  of  Germany,  XI.  396.  Cathedral, 

2  a  (ill.).  The  Eiclielstein,  2  c.  History, 
397,  1  a. 

Mentz  Latin  Bible ,  referred  to,  III.  299,  1  a. 
Mentzer :  see  Fischart. 

Menu :  see  Manu  (Index). 

Menura  (ornithology),  X.  760,  2  a.  M.  superba, 
ib.  (ill.).  M.  Alberti,  2  c. 

Menzel,  Adolf  Friedrich  Erdmann  [men'-tsel], 
German  painter,  XI.  397. 

Menzel,  Karl  Adolf,  historian,  XI.  397. 
Menzel,  Wolfgang,  author,  XI.  397. 

Meor  haggolah ,  Hebrew  appellation,  VII.  777, 
1  c. 

Mephistopheles  [mef-is-tof'-e-leez],  demon,  XI. 
398 ;  VII.  96,  1  b. 


Mephi'tis  (zoology),  XV.  82,  1  a ;  II.  212,  1  c. 

M.  mephitica,  XV.  82,  1  b  (ill.). 

Mequinez  [mek'-e-nez],  city  of  Morocco,  XI.  398. 
Mercadante,  Saverio  [mair-ka-dan'-ta],  Italian 
composer,  XI.  398. 

Mercantile  association ,  discarding  British  fab¬ 
rics,  IV.  46,  2  a. 

Mercantile  system ,  of  political  economy,  XIII. 
666,  1  ab. 

Mercantile  usage ,  in  law,  X.  218,  2  c ;  220, 1  a. 
Mercap'tan ,  in  chemistry,  XV.  455,  1  b. 
Merca'tor,  Gerard,  Flemish  geographer,  XI. 

398.  Mercator’s  projection,  XII.  180,  2  b. 
Mer'ced  [Sp.  mair-saRA'],  county,  XI.  398. 
Merced ,  river  of  California,  XI.  398,  2  a;  XVI. 

792,  1  b,  ff. 

Mercer,  name  of  eight  counties,  XI.  398. 
Mercer ,  county  seat,  XI.  399,  1  a. 

Mercer,  Hugh,  American  soldier,  XI.  399. 
Mercersburg,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XI. 

399. 

Mercersburg  system  of  theology ,  XII.  270,  1  c. 
Mercer  university ,  X.  802,  1  b. 

Merchant,  Commission :  see  Factor. 
Merchants ’  club ,  Boston  (political),  I.  107,  2  b. 
Merchants'  exchange ,  in  New  York,  VII.  21, 
2  ab. 

Merchant  Taylors'1  school ,  London,  X.  604,  2  a. 
Mercia,  Anglo-Saxon  kingdom,  XI.  400. 
Merck,  Johann  Heinrich  [mairk],  German 
scholar,  XI.  400. 

Mercurial  air  pump,  I.  221,  1  a  (ill.). 
Mercurous  oxide ,  XII.  720,  2  a. 

Mercury,  metal,  XI.  400.  Physical  character, 
1  c.  Distribution,  2  c.  Mining  of,  401,  2  be. 
Medicinal  use  of,  402,  2  c.  Compounds  of, 
403,  2  c.  Use  of  in  the  arts,  404,  1  a. — Mer¬ 
cury  fulminate,  VII.  39, 1  ab.  Protochloride 
of,  V.  382,  2  a. 

Mercury,  Greek  and  Roman  deity,  XI.  404. 
Mercury,  planet,  XI.  404.  His  transits,  405, 
1  be.  The  “black  drop,”  1  c. 

Mercury  vine ,  XV.  462,  2  b. 

Mercy,,  Sisters  of,  religious  order,  XI.  405. 
Mer  de  Glace  [mail*  duh  glas],  Alpine  glacier, 
I.  352,  2  ab ;  IV.  245,  2  a. 

Mere ,  small  lake,  IV.  384,  1  ab ;  IX.  75,  1  b. 
Mereau,  Sophie  [mhh-ro] :  see  Brentano,  III. 
250,  2  a. 

Merganetta  (ornithology),  XI.  407,  1  a.  M. 
armata,  ib. 

Mergan'ser,  class  of  ducks,  XI.  405.  Red¬ 
breasted,  406,  1  a  (ill.) ;  hooded,  2  a  (ill.) ; 
South  American,  407,  1  a. 


MERGELLUS 


MESEMBR  Y  ANTHEMUM  5  0  T 


Mergellus  albellus  (ornithology),  XV.  112,  2  c 
(ill.,  113);  XI.  40G,  2  c. 

Merger ,  doctrine  of,  in  law,  IX.  701,  2  ab. 
Merger  [mair-zha],  fictitious  name,  YI.  267, 

1  be  (Drouet). 

Mergni  [mer-ghe'],  town  of  British  Burmah, 
XY.  636,  2  c ;  637,  1  c.  Archipelago,  1  a. 
Mer'gulus  (ornithology),  II.  116,  2  c.  M.  me- 
lanoleucos,  117,  2  b. 

Mergus  (ornithology),  YIII.  104, 1  b.  M.  Amer- 
icanus,  ib.  (ill.).  M.  merganser,  2  ab.  M. 
serrator,  XI.  406,  1  a  (ill.). 

Merian,  Matthaus,  the  elder  [ma'-re-an],  Swiss 
engraver,  XI.  407.  Matthaus,  the  younger, 
painter  and  engraver,  1  b.  Maria  Sibylla, 
painter  and  entomologist,  1  be.  On  the  lu¬ 
minous  power  of  the  firefly,  YII.  214,  2  a. 
Merida  [ma'-re-^a],  city  of  Spain,  XI.  407. 
Merida,  capital  of  Yucatan,  XI.  407. 

Merida,  state  of  Yenezuela,  XI.  408.  City,  1  b. 
Meriden,  town  and  city  of  Connecticut,  XI.  408. 
Meridian  :  see  Longitude. 

Meridian ,  county  seat,  III.  113,  2  c. 

Merid'ion  verna' le ,  diatom,  YI.  84,  2  c  (ill.,  85). 
MerimAe,  Prosper  [ma-re-ma],  French  author, 
XI.  408. 

Merino  Sheep  [meh-re'-no] :  see  Sheep,  XIY. 
837,  2  c  (ill.). 

Merinthians ,  sect,  IY.  211,  2  a. 

Merinthus  :  see  Cerinthus. 

Merionethshire,  county  of  Wales,  XI.  408. 
Merismopce' dia  ventric'uli ,  epiphyte,  YI.  688, 

2  c  (ill.). 

Merivale,  John  Herman,  English  author,  XI. 

409.  Herman,  1  a.  Charles,  1  b. 
Meriwether,  county,  XI.  409. 

Merian,  fish,  YIII.  385,  1  a. 

Merlangus  (ichthyology),  XIII.  681,  2  ab ;  YIII. 

368,  1  a.  M.  purpureus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Merle  d’Aubigne,  Jean  Henri  [mairl  do-be- 
nya],  Swiss  clergyman  and  historian,  XI.  409. 
Merle  (blackbird),  II.  675,  1  c. 

Mer'lin,  falcon,  XI.  409  (ill.). 

Merlin,  two  British  seers,  XI.  410.  Merlin 
Ambrosius,  1  a :  see  Arthur,  I.  781,  1  b ; 
Fairies,  YII.  64,  1  b,  65,  1  c.  Merlin  Cale- 
donius  Sylvestris,  or  the  Wild,  XI.  410,  1  b. 
Merlino  Coccajo  [mair-le'-no  kok-ka'-yo],  sobri¬ 
quet,  X.  767,  2  ab. 

Merlucius  (ichthyology),  YIII.  385,  1  a.  M. 

vulgaris,  1  ab  (ill.).  M.  albidus,  1  c. 
Mermaid :  see  Merman  and  Mermaid. 
Mermaid  club ,  London,  IX.  682,  1  a;  XIY. 
193,  2  b,  817,  1  b. 


Mermaid  tavern ,  London,  X.  619,  2  c;  XIY. 

817,  l  b.  Allusion  to,  II.  431,  1  be. 

Merman  and  Mermaid,  fabulous  beings,  XI.  410. 
Merm'nadce ,  Lydian  dynasty,  X.  746,  2  c. 
Merneptah  /.,  king  of  Egypt,  YI.  458,  1  b, 
462,  2  a.  Merneptah  II.,  2  ab. 
Merneph'theum,  Egyptian  building,  XY.  688, 1  a. 
Merodach  [m&r'-o-dak],  Babylonian  divinity, 

XI.  410. 

Merodach-baladan ,  Babylonian  king,  II.  35,  1  c. 
Merode,  Francois  Xavier  Marie  Fred6ric  Gliis- 
lain  de  [ma-rud],  papal  statesman  and  pre¬ 
late,  XI.  410.  Count  Felix  de  (1791-1857), 
Belgian  statesman,  2  c. 

Meroe  [mer'-o-a],  state  and  city  of  ancient 
Ethiopia,  XI.  411 ;  YI.  749,  1  b. 

Merom ,  lake  of  Palestine,  IX.  683,  2  a. 
Mer'opis  :  see  Cos. 

Mero'pius  of  Tyre ,  I.  48,  1  b. 

Me’rops  (ornithology),  II.  463,  2  b.  M.  apiaster, 
464,  1  ab  (ill.,  463). 

Merove'us ,  Frankish  king,  YII.  378,  2  c;  XI. 

411,  2  c. 

Merovingian  architecture ,  I.  662,  2  a. 
Merovingians,  Frankish  dynasty,  XI.  411. 
Merrick,  county,  XI.  412. 

Merrick,  James,  English  poet,  XI.  412. 
Merrimack,  river  of  New  England,  XI.  412. 
Merrimack,  county,  XI.  412. 

Merrimack ,  frigate,  YIII.  432,  2  a ;  IX.  380,  2  c. 
Merrimack  (Lawrence,  Mass.),  X.  232,  1  c. 
Merritt,  Timothy,  American  clergyman,  XI. 

412. 

Merrows  (mermaids),  XL  410,  2  a. 

Merry  Andrew :  see  Borde,  Andrew. 

Merry  counsellors :  see  Fool,  YII.  307,  2  c. 
Merseburg  [mair'-z&h-boorg],  Prussia,  XI. 41 3. 
Mersey,  river  of  England,  XI.  413. 

Merthyr  Tydfil  [mer'-t^er],  Wales,  XI.  413. 
Merulius  lacrymans ,  fungus,  YII.  531,  2  be. 
Merv  [mairv],  town  of  Turkistan,  XI.  413. 
Mery,  Joseph  [ma-re],  French  author,  XI.  413. 
Merychippus  [me-rik-hip'-pus],  fossil  mammal, 
VIII.  739,  1  ab. 

Mesa  [ma'-sa],  a  name  of  Hawaii,  YIII.  529, 1  a. 
Me'sa:  see  Mesha  (Index). 

Mesas ,  table  lands,  I.  709,  2  c;  IY.  50,  2  c ; 

XII.  317,  2  ab. 

Mescal',  liquor,  XIY.  79, 1  c.  S QzMezcal  (Index). 
Mescal  a  [mes-ka'-la],  river  of  Mexico,  XI.  413. 
Mesdemoiselles  [ma-duk-mwa-z81],  under  the 
old  French  monarchy,  X.  815,  1  b. 
Mesembryan'themum,  genus  of  plants,  XI.  413. 
M.  crystallinum :  see  Ice  Plant.  M.  doli- 


508 


MESENTERY 


METEORIC 


briforme,  1  c  (ill.).  M.  deltoideum,  ib.  (ill.). 
M.  tigrinum,  2  a.  M.  felinum,  ib.  (ill.).  M. 
edule,  2  ab. 

Mes'entery  (anatomy),  I.  318,  1  c ;  XIII.  302, 
2  a.  See  Gland,  VII.  836,  1  c. 

Me'slia ,  king  of  Moab,  XI.  685,  1  b. 

Meshech :  see  Japhetu,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Mesh'ed,  city  of  Persia,  XI.  414. 

Meshtcheriaks ,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  207,  1  be. 
Mesil'la  [Sp.  ma-se'-lya],  town  of  New  Mexi¬ 
co,  XI.  415. 

Meslin ,  mixture  of  wheat  and  rye,  XIV.  504, 1  c. 
Mesmer,  Friedrich  Anton,  German  physician, 
XI.  415. 

Mesmerism :  see  Mesmer,  and  Animal  Magne¬ 
tism. 

Mesoceph' ali  :  see  Ethnology,  VI.  756,  2  a. 
Mesocolon  (anatomy),  XIII.  302,  2  a. 
Mesolonghi  :  see  Missolonghi. 

Mesopotamia.,  ancient  country  of  Asia,  XI.  415. 
Mesorectum  (anatomy),  XIII.  302,  2  a. 

Mesotho' rax :  see  Insects,  IX.  311,  1  b. 
Mesozo'ic  rocks,  VII.  694,  1  a;  697,  1  be. 
Mes'pilus  German' ica  (botany),  XI.  355,  2  c. 
Mesquite :  see  Mezquite. 

Messa'la,  or  Messalla,  Roman  general,  XI.  415. 
Messali'na,  Valeria,  Roman  empress,  XI.  415. 

Statilia,  empress,  416,  1  a. 

Messana  :  see  Messina. 

Messapia,  peninsula  of  Italy,  XI.  416. 
Messapians,  Italic  race,  IX.  439, 1  c ;  XI.  41 6, 1  b. 
Messe'ne,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XI.  416. 
Messenger:  see  Secretary  Bird,  XIV.  746,  1  a. 
Messenia,  ancient  country  of  Greece,  XI.  416. 
Messenian  wars,  2  be ;  VIII.  188, 1  c.  Nom- 
archy,  XI.  417,  1  a. 

Messer,  Asa,  American  clergyman,  president 
of  Brown  university,  XI.  417. 

Messiah:  see  Jesijs  Christ.  Pretended:  see 
Bar-Cokheba  ;  Hebrews,  VIII.  597,  2  a; 
and  Mahdi  (Index). 

Messina  [mes-se'-na], province  of  Sicily,  XI.417. 

Capital  city,  2  b  (view).  History,  418,  1  b. 
Mestizo  [mes-te'-zo],  half-breed,  XI.  418;  X. 

89,  1  ab ;  IV.  163,  1  b  ;  XII.  424,  1  ab. 
Mesy :  see  Halicarnassus,  VIII.  392,  2  c. 
Meszaros,  Lazar  [ma'-sa-rosh],  Hungarian  gen¬ 
eral,  XI.  418. 

Metacentre,  in  floating  bodies,  IX.  120,  2  c  (ill.). 
Metachloral  (chemistry),  IV.  500,  1  be. 

Metal,  XL  419.  Table  of  known  metals,  1  c. 
Tables  of  their  mutual  relations,  2  c,  ff. 
Conditions  affecting  their  physical  proper¬ 
ties,  420,  1  b.  Native,  2  ab ;  in  chemical 


combination,  2  b.  Classification,  2  c ;  in 
modern  chemistry,  421,  1  b.  Combinations 
with  non-metallic  elements,  1  c;  among  them¬ 
selves,  ib.  Detection  of  in  solutions,  IX.  130, 

1  b.  Transmutation  of :  see  Alchemy. 
Metallic  age ,  VII.  197,  1  b. 

Metallic  ores ,  distribution  of,  VII.  698,  1  c. 
Metallic  tractors,  Perkins'1  s,  XIII.  306,  1  a. 
Metalloids  :  see  Metals,  XI.  420,  2  be. 
Metallurgy,  XI.  421.  Ore  dressing,  2  b. 
Mechanical  separation  of  minerals,  422,  1  be. 
Extraction  of  metals  from  their  ores,  424, 

2  c.  Metals  reduced  from  the  state  of  oxide 
by  carbon,  ib. ;  produced  by  the  mutual  re¬ 
action  of  an  oxide  and  sulphide,  425,  1  c. 
Replacement  of  one  by  another,  ib.  Fur¬ 
naces,  426,  1  a.  Removal  of  slag  or  cinder, 

1  be.  Roasting,  2  a.  Separation  of  alloys, 

427,  1  b. 

Metals,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a. 

Metamer'ic  substances,  IX.  432,  1  ab. 
Metamora,  county  seat,  XVI.  708,  2  b. 
MetamorpMc  strata ,  VII.  693,  1  c. 

Metani'ra ,  in  Greek  legend,  IV.  209,  2  b. 
Metaphysics  :  see  Philosophy. 

Metapontum,  plains  of,  Italy,  II.  363,  2  be. 
Metastasio,  Pietro  Antonio  Domenico  Bona- 
ventura[ma-tas-ta'-ze-o],  Italianpoet,  XI.  427. 
Metas'tasis,  in  pathology,  XI.  428. 
Metatho'rax,  of  insects,  IX.  311,  1  b. 

Metatl ,  for  grinding  maize,  XI.  43,  2  be. 
Metaweli,  nomad  tribe,  Syria,  II.  179,  1  a. 
Metcalfe,  county,  XI.  428. 

Metcalfe,  Frederick,  English  clergyman,  XI. 

428. 

Metellus,  Roman  family,  XI.  428.  Lucius 
Caecilius,  1  be.  Quintus  Caecilius,  1  c;  his 
four  sons,  2  a.  Quintus  Caecilius  Metellus 
Macedonicus,  ib.  Lucius  Caecilius  Metellus 
Dalmaticus,  2  a.  Quintus  Caecilius  Metellus 
Numidicus,  ib. ;  IX.  709,  1  a.  Quintus  Cae¬ 
cilius  Metellus'  Pius,  XI.  428,  2  b.  Quintus 
Caecilius  Metellus  Celer,  2  c.  Quintus  Cae¬ 
cilius  Metellus  Pius  Scipio,  429,  1  a.  Quin¬ 
tus  Caecilius  Metellus  Creticus,  ib. 
Metempsycho'sis,  XI.  429. 

Me'teor,  XI.  429.  In  common  language,  2  ab. 
Ancient  accounts  and  views  of  meteors,  2  b. 
Fire  balls  and  shooting  stars,  2  c.  Notable 
occurrences  of,  430,  1  ab.  Falling  stars, 

2  be;  theories  of,  431,  1  c;  their  orbit,  2  b. 
Association  of  meteor  systems  with  comets, 
2  c ;  number  of,  432,  1  c. 

Meteor' ic  iron,  XI.  429,  2  ab. 


METEORIC 


MEXICANS 


509 


Meteoric  shoicers ,  I.  143,  2  b ;  XI.  430,  2  ab,  ff. 

Meteor' olites,  XI.  429,  2  ab. 

Meteorology,  XI.  432.  Inductive  meteorology, 
2  ab.  Constitution  and  properties  of  air, 
2  b.  Temperature,  433,  1  b;  sources  of, 
ib. ;  at  different  altitudes,  435,  1  b;  varia¬ 
tions  of,  2  c  (diagrams,  436,  437).  Winds 
and  currents,  436,  2  b;  empirical  scale  of 
winds,  2  c  ;  variations,  438,  2  b  (diagrams). 
The  aqueous  vapor,  440,  2  b  ;  variations, 
441,  2  a  (diagrams) ;  distribution,  2  c.  Pre¬ 
cipitation,  442,  2  a  (rain  chart).  Barometric 
pressure,  444,  2  a  (diagrams  of  variations). — 
Deductive  meteorology,  446,  2  b  (ills.). 

Meter  :  see  Gas,  YII.  638,  2  b,  and  Water 
Meter.  Dry  meter  of  Bogardus,  YII.  639, 1  a. 

Methodism,  XI.  448.  Early  history  and  prin¬ 
ciples,  1  be.  Confession,  450,  2  a.  Polity, 
451,  1  be. — Divisions  of  Methodism,  452, 1  a. 
Wesley  ans,  1  b.  Calvinistic  Methodists,  453, 
2  ab.  Methodist  New  Connection,  2  c. 
Primitive  Methodists,  454, 1  a.  Bible  Chris¬ 
tians,  1  be.  Other  bodies,  1  c. — Methodism 
in  America,  2  a.  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
ib. ;  doctrines,  455, 1  be ;  polity,  2  c.  Meth¬ 
odist  Episcopal  church,  South,  457,  1  a.  Af¬ 
rican  Methodist  Episcopal  churches,  458, 1  a. 
Methodist  Protestant  church,  1  b.  Wesleyan 
Methodist  Connection  of  America,  459,  1  b. 
Canadian  Methodism,  2  b.  Other  Meth¬ 
odist  bodies,  460, 1  a. — Literature,  1  b. — Ori¬ 
gin  of  Methodism,  XYI.  557,  1  c  (Wesley). 
Episcopacy  not  an  order,  but  an  office,  YIII. 
426,  1  a.  Right  of  general  conference  to  de¬ 
pose  a  bishop,  425, 2  c.  See  Wesley,  White- 
field,  and  Asbury. 

Methodist  booh  concern,  XY.  831, 1  a ;  XI.  456, 
2  c.  Its  origin,  YI.  90,  1  c. 

Methodist  church,  so  called,  XI.  459,  1  a. 

Methodius  :  see  Cyril  and  Methodius. 

Meth'uen  treaty ,  XIII.  745,  2  c. 

Meth'yl  acetate,  I.  62,  1  a. 

Methylated  spirit ,  I.  265,  2  b. 

Methyle,  hydrate  of  [meth'-il] :  see  Pyroxylio 
Spirit. 

Methyl' ic  alcohol:  see  Pyroxylio  Spirit,  and 
XII.  133,  1  c ;  I.  265,  2  c. 

Metics,  manumitted  Greek  slaves,  XY.  90,  1  b. 

Metis,  mediaeval  name  of  Metz,  XI.  462,  2  c. 

Metius,  Jacob  [ma'-te-us],  claimant  of  the  in¬ 
vention  of  the  telescope,  XY.  622,  2  c. 

Metoeci,  foreigners  in  Athens,  XII.  160,  2  c. 

Meton ,  Athenian  astronomer,  III.  579,  2  c; 
618,  1  c. 


Meton’ ic  cycle :  see  Chronology,  IY.  557,  2  b, 
and  Lunar  Cycle. 

Met'opes,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  c. 

Metre,  and  Metric  System:  see  Weights  and 
Measures,  XYI.  541,  1  a. 

Metridium  (actinia),  I.  75,  2  a  (ills.,  74). 

Met'ronome,  instrument,  XI.  460  (ill.). 

Metropolis,  county  seat,  XI.  245,  2  be. 

Metropolitan,  a  chief  bishop,  I.  646,  1  b,  c,  2  a. 

Metropolitan  fire  brigade,  London,  X.  612,  2  b. 

Metropolitan  museum  of  art,  New  York,  XII. 
404,  1  c. 

Metropolitan  police,  of  London,  XIII.  661,  1  b; 
of  New  York,  662,  1  b. 

Metrorrhagia ,  a  form  of  haemorrhage,  YIII. 
374,  2  c. 

Metsys :  see  Matsys. 

Metternich,  Clemens  Wenzel  Nepomuk  Lothar, 
prince  [met'-ter-niTi],  Austrian  statesman, 
XI.  460.  Referred  to,  I.  283,  1  b,  2  b ;  II. 
145,  2  b.  Attempt  against  the  constitution 
of  Hungary,  IX.  58,  2  c.  Richard,  prince, 
XI.  461,  2  b. 

Mettis,  mediaeval  name  of  Metz,  XI.  462,  2  c. 

Mettray  [ma-tra],  agricultural  and  penitentiary 
colony  of  France,  XI.  461. 

Metualis  [ma-too-a'-lees],  Mohammedan  sect  of 
Syria,  XY.  546,  1  a. 

Metz  [Fr.  mace],  city  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  XI. 
462  (view).  Kingdom  of  Metz,  2  c.  Siege 
of,  463, 1  a. 

Metz  Chronicle,  referred  to,  IY.  558,  2  ab. 

Metzu,  Gabriel,  Dutch  painter,  XI.  463. 

Meudon  [muh-d6ng],  village  of  France,  XI.  463. 

Meulen,  Antoine  Francois  van  der  [muh-lang], 
French  artist,  XI.  463. 

Meur'sius,  or  De  Meurs  [deh  mhree],  Johannes, 
the  elder,  Dutch  scholar,  XI.  463.  Johannes 
(2d),  2  ab. 

Meurthe-et-Moselle  [mftrt-a-mo-zel],  depart¬ 
ment  of  France,  XI.  463. 

Meuse  [muhz],  river  of  Europe,  XI.  463. 

Meuse,  department  of  France,  XI.  464. 

Mevlevis  [mev-la'-vees],  whirling  dervishes,  YI. 
33,  1  a  (ill.).  Tomb  of  Mevlevi  Jelal  ed-Din, 
their  founder,  X.  40,  1  c. 

Mew,  or  Sea  Mew,  bird,  XI.  464. 

Mewattis,  predatory  people  of  India,  I.  371,  1  c. 

Mexi,  Aztec  war  chief,  II.  176,  1  be. 

Mexican  Picture  Writing  :  see  Hieroglyph¬ 
ics,  YIII.  719,  2  a  (ill.,  720). 

Mexicans,  ancient:  see  Aztecs,  and  Mexico, 
XI.  472,  2  a,  ff.  Their  human  sacrifices,  IY. 
515,  2  c;  XI.  474,  1  c. 


510 


MEXICO 


MICHAUD 


Mexico,  republic  of  North  America,  XI.  464. 
(Map.)  Divisions  and  population,  1  c. 
Coasts,  2  ab.  Surface,  465, 1  b.  Rivers  and 
lakes,  466,  1  b.  Geology,  2  be.  Minerals, 
2  c ;  gold  and  silver,  467,  1  a ;  coinage,  2  a ; 
other  minerals,  2  be.  Pearls,  468,  1  a.  Min¬ 
eral  springs,  1  ab.  Climate,  1  b.  Diseases, 

1  c.  Soil,  2  a.  Value  of  landed  property, 
ib.  Flora,  2  ab.  Agriculture,  2  c.  Manu¬ 
factures,  469, 1  b.  Fauna,  2  a.  Inhabitants, 

2  c.  Commerce,  470,  1  a.  Intercommuni¬ 
cation,  2  b.  Government,  471,  1  a.  Reli¬ 
gion,  1  be.  Finances,  1  c.  Education,  2  b. 
— Ancient  history,  2  c.  Races,  ib. ;  I.  455, 
1  c.  Government,  laws,  army,  &c.,  XI.  473, 
1  b;  religion,  474,  1  b;  books,  manners,  cus¬ 
toms,  &c.,  475,  1  a.  Antiquities  of,  I.  396, 

1  c. — Modern  history,  XI.  476,  1  a.  Conquest 
of,  ib.  War  of  independence,  477,  1  a;  with 
the  United  States,  478, 1  b.  French  interven¬ 
tion  in,  III.  51,  2  c;  II.  411,  1  ab;  IX.  697, 

2  c;  X.  495,  2  a;  XI.  296,  2  a. 

Mexico,  state,  XI.  479. 

Mexico,  city,  XI.  480.  Population,  2  b.  Pub¬ 
lic  edifices,  481,  1  a,  ff.  Plaza  de  Armas, 

1  b  (view).  Cathedral,  ib.  (ill.).  Museum, 

2  c.  Education,  482,  1  ab.  Learned  socie¬ 
ties,  1  be.  Hospitals,  1  c.  Water  supply,  2  a. 
Climate,  ib. ;  diseases,  ib.  Occupations,  2  ab. 
Financial  institutions,  2  b.  History,  2  be. 

Mexico ,  county  seat,  II.  104,  1  b. 

Mexico,  Gulf  of,  XI.  483. 

Meyendorff  [ml'-en-dorf],  Russian  family,  XI. 
484. 

Meyer,  Felix  [ml'-er],  Swiss  painter,  XI.  484. 
Meyer,  Johann  Georg,  German  painter,  XI. 
484. 

Meyer,  Johann  Heinrich,  author,  XI.  484. 
Meyer,  Leo,  philologist,  XI.  484. 

Meyer  non  Bremen :  see  Meyer,  Johann  Georg. 
Meyer  and  Wolff,  classification  of  birds  by,  XII. 
705,  1  c. 

Meyerbeer,  Giacomo  [mi'-er-bair],  composer, 
XI.  484;  XII.  92,  2  c. 

Meyeriieim,  Friedrich  Eduard  [mi'-er-hime], 
painter,  XL  486.  Wilhelm  Alexander,  2  ab. 
Eduard  Franz,  2  b.  Paul  Friedrich,  ib. 
Meyers  [mi'-erz],  county,  XI.  486. 

Meyr,  Melchior  [mire],  German  author,  XI.  486. 
Mezcal  [mes-kal'],  spirituous  liquor,  XI.  468, 2  b. 
Mezeray,  Francois  Eudes  de  [maiz-ra],  French 
historian,  XI.  487.  7 

MeziJires  [ma-ze-air],  town  of  France,  XI.  487. 
MnzikRES,  Alfred,  French  author,  XI.  487. 


Mezquite  [mes-keet' ;  Sp.  mes-ke'-ta],  tree,  XI. 
487  (ills.). 

Mezquite  grass ,  VIII.  169,  1  a;  XII.  319,  1  ab. 
Mezquite  gum,  VIII.  321,  1  be. 

Mez'rob,  Armenian  monk,  I.  727, 1  a.  Transla¬ 
tion  of  the  Bible,  1  c. 

Mezu'zoth,  amulets,  XIII.  477,  2  b. 

Mezzofanti,  Giuseppe  Gaspardo  [med-so-fan'- 
te],  Italian  linguist,  XI.  488. 

Mezzo  rilievo  [re-lya'-vo],  XIV.  715,  2  a. 
Mezzotinto:  see  Engraving,  VI.  653,  1  a. 

Alleged  inventor  of,  XVI.  735,  2  c. 

MJiars,  lowest  class  in  India,  IX.  214,  2  a. 
Mhor,  species  of  gazelle,  VII.  655,  2  a. 

Miako  [me-a'-ko] :  see  Kioto. 

Miall,  Edward  [mi'-ul],  English  journalist,  XI. 
488. 

Miami  [me-am'-e],  river  of  Ohio,  XI.  489. 
Miami,  three  counties,  XI.  489. 

Miamis,  Indian  tribe,  XI.  489. 

Miantono'moh,  Indian  sachem,  XI.  490. 

Miar' gyrite ,  ore  of  silver,  XV.  50,  1  a. 

Mias  [me'-as],  (orang-outang),  III.  104,  2  a. 
Miasma  :  see  Malaria. 

Miattlis,  Andros  [me-ow'-lis],  Greek  admiral, 
XI.  490.  Athanasios,  statesman,  2  b. 
Miautze  [me-ow-tsa'j,  Indo-Chinese  race,  IX. 

253,  2  a;  IV.  447,  1  c. 

Mica,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  490. 

Micah,  Hebrew  prophet,  XI.  491.  Another 
(Micah  or  Micaiah),  2  a. 

Micali,  Giuseppe  [me-ka'-le],  Italian  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  XI.  491. 

Mica  Slate,  metam orphic  rock,  XI.  491. 

Mice  tower,  on  the  Rhine,  II.  644,  2  c. 
Michdbou’,  Indian  myth,  XII.  734,  2  c. 
Michael  [ml'-kel],  angel,  XI.  491 ;  697,  2  c. 
Michael  /.,  Byzantine  emperor,  III.  515,  1  a; 
X.  350  2  b. 

Michael  II.,  the  Stammerer,  III.  515,  2  ab ; 
X.  350,  2  c. 

Michael  Angelo  :  see  Buonarroti. 

Michael  Pal^eologus  :  see  Byzantine  Em¬ 
pire,  III.  517,  2  ab  ;  XI.  208,  2  a;  II.  238, 1  c. 
Michael  Roman'off;  see  Russia,  XIV.  491, 
1  ab. 

Michaelis,  Johann  David  [me-klia-a/-lis],  Ger¬ 
man  Biblical  scholar,  XI.  492. 

Michaelite,  mineral,  XII.  642,  1  be. 
Michaelmas  [mik'-el-mas],  festival,  XI.  492. 
Popular  objection  to  the  reformation  of  the 
calendar,  1  b. 

Michaud,  Joseph  [me-sho],  French  author,  XI. 
492.  Louis  Gabriel  (M.  the  Younger),  2  c. 


MICHAUX 


MIDDLETON 


511 


MicnAUx,  Andre  [me-sho],  botanist,  XI.  492. 
Frangois  Andre,  botanist,  493,  1  b. 

Mioiiel,  Francisque  Xavier  [me-shel],  arclueolo- 
gist,  XI.  493. 

Mioiiel  Angelo  [me'-kel  An'-ja-lo] :  see  Buo¬ 
narroti.  Ilia  frescoes,  VII.  484,  2  ab.  His 
criticism  on  a  boast  of  Bandinelli,  II.  269, 1  a. 

Michelet,  Jules  [meesh-la],  French  historian, 
XI.  493.  Athanalse,  494,  1  b. 

Michelet,  Karl  Ludwig,  German  philosopher, 
XI.  494.  (Died  1876.) 

MicnELis,  Friedrich  [me-ka'-lis],  theologian, 
XI.  494. 

Michell ,  Rev.  J.,  on  earthquakes,  VI.  368,  2  be. 
His  method  for  determining  the  earth’s  den¬ 
sity,  357,  2  c.  His  torsion  balance,  ib.  (ill.). 

Michemichequipy  [mish-e-mish-e-ke'-pe],  Nat- 
chez  Indians,  XII.  157,  2  c. 

Michigameas ,  Indians,  IX.  180,  2  c. 

Michigan  [mish'-e-gan],  state,  XI.  494.  State 
seal  (ill.),  495.  Population,  1  c.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  496,  1  ab.  Rivers,  2  c.  Geology 
and  minerals,  497,  1  a.  Natural  curiosities, 
2  be.  Antiquities,  2  c.  Climate,  498,  1  a. 
Soil  and  productions,  1  c.  Agriculture,  2  a. 
Manufactures,  499,  1  a.  Commerce,  2  be. 
Intercommunication,  500,  2  ab.  Banks,  &c., 
501,  1  a.  Government,  1  b.  Finances,  502, 
1  ab.  Public  institutions,  2  b.  Education, 
503,  2  be.  Libraries,  &c.,  505,  1  c.  Reli¬ 
gious  organizations,  2  a.  History,  2  b. 

Michigan,  Lake,  XI.  506. 

Michigan,  University  of,  XI.  507  (ill.). 

Michigan  City,  town  of  Indiana,  XI.  508. 

Michigan  female  seminary ,  IX.  734,  1  b. 

Michilimackinao  [mish-il-e-mak'-e-naw] :  see 
Mackinaw. 

Michoacan  [me-chwa-kan'J,  state  of  Mexico, 
XI.  508. 

Micipsa:  see  Jugurtiia,  IX.  708,  2  a. 

Mickiewicz,  Adam  [mits-kyeh'-vich],  Polish 
poet,  XI.  509. 

Mickle,  William  Julius,  Scottish  poet,  XI.  510. 

Micmacs,  branch  of  the  Algonquins,  XI.  510. 
Micmac  characters,  2  be  (ill.). 

Micrasterias  (botany),  VI.  43,  2  b  (ill.). 

Micrococcus ,  in  fermentation,  VII.  145,  2  c 
(ill.);  146,  1  a;  IV.  349,  2  a. 

Microcrith ,  molecular  unit  of  weight,  XI.  712,  lb. 

Microglossum  aterrimum  (ornithology),  IV. 
785,  1  be  (ill.). 

Microles'tes ,  fossil  animals,  XII.  Ill,  1  b. 

Microm'eter,  XI.  511.  Telescope  microme¬ 
ters,  1  a ;  filar,  ib.  (ill.) ;  Huygens’s,  2  ab ; 


Fraunhofer’s  annular,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  double¬ 
image,  2  c;  Rutherfurd’s,  512,  2  a  (ill.). 
Microscope  micrometers,  2  b  (ill.);  519,  1  c. 
Invention  of  the  micrometer,  511,  1  a;  VII. 
641,  1  b ;  XV.  264,  2  ab. 

Micronesia  and  Melanesia,  divisions  of  the 
Pacific  islands,  XI.  512 ;  XII.  573,  1  b.  Mi- 
cronesians,  XI.  56,  1  b ;  language,  57,  1  ab. 
Micropyle :  see  Plant,  XIII.  587,  2  c. 
Microscope,  XI.  513.  Lenses,  1  b.  Mount¬ 
ing,  514,  1  b.  Magnifying  power,  2  ab. 
Compound  microscope,  515,  1  a  (ill.) ;  VII. 
567,  2  ab  (Galileo).  Eminent  opticians, 
XI.  516,  1  a;  Zentmayer’s  microscope,  1  c 
(ill.).  Stands,  517,  2  be;  521,  1  b.  Re¬ 
quisites,  518,  1  b.  Binocular  microscope, 
2  a  (ill.).  Accessories,  519,  1  b,  ff.  Mode 
of  using,  521,  2  a.  Test  objects,  2  c.  Read¬ 
ing  microscopes,  XV.  844,  1  be. 

Microscopic  Animals  :  see  Animalcules. 
Microspore ,  in  botany,  XIV.  151,  1  b  (ill.). 
Microsporon  Audouini,  epiphyte,  VI.  689,  2  a. 

M.  mentagrophytes,  ib.  M.  furfur,  ib. 
Microstiienes  :  see  Megasthenes. 

Microzy'ma ,  minute  living  organism,  II.  207, 
2  c.  M.  cretse,  ib .,  and  VII.  146,  2  ab. 
Midas,  mythical  king,  XI.  523. 

Midas  (zoology),  XI.  181,  1  b.  M.  rosalia,  2  b 
(ill.).  M.  leoninus,  2  c. 

Midas  (entomology),  VI.  129,  2  b.  M.  filatus,  ib. 
Middelburg,  town  of  Holland,  XI.  523. 
Middle  Ages:  see  Ages,  I.  186,  1  a. 
Middlebourne ,  county  seat,  XVI.  87,  2  c. 
Middleburg ,  county  seat,  XV.  138,  1  c. 
Middlebury,  town  of  Vermont,  XI.  523. 

Middlebury  college,  2  c. 

Middle  chief  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a.  Mid¬ 
dle  base,  ib.  (See  plate.) 

Middle  comedy ,  in  Greece,  VIII.  213,  2  c. 
Middle  park,  Colorado,  V.  101,  1  a. 
Middleport,  county  seat,  IX.  414,  1  c. 
Middlesborough,  town  o^  England,  XL  524. 
Middlesex,  four  counties,  XI.  524. 

Middlesex,  county  of  Canada,  XI.  524. 
Middlesex,  county  of  England,  XI.  524. 
Middle  Temple  (Inns  of  Court),  IX.  289,  2  c ; 

290,  1  ab,  2  c  (ill.). 

Middle  term ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  a. 

Middle  Thibet  :  see  Ladakh. 

Middleton,  family  of  South  Carolina,  XI.  525. 
Edward,  its  founder,  1  a.  Arthur,  governor, 
ib.  Henry,  president  of  congress,  1  b.  Ar¬ 
thur,  a  revolutionary  leader,  ib.  Henry, 
statesman,  1  c. 


512 


MIDDLETON 


MILK 


Middleton,  Conyers,  English  clergyman,  XI. 

525.  Charge  of  plagiarism :  see  Bellenden. 
Middleton,  Thomas,  dramatist,  XT.  525. 
Middleton,  Thomas  Fanslia  we,  scholar,  XI.  526. 
Middletown,  city  of  Connecticut,  XI.  526. 
Middletown,  village  of  New  York,  XI.  526. 
Middlings,  of  wheat,  XYI.  588,  1  c. 

Middlings ,  in  ore,  XI.  422,  1  b. 

Midgard ,  in  northern  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  a. 
Serpent  of,  ib. 

Midge  :  see  Diptera,  YI.  129,  1  c,  and  Black 
Fly. 

Midianites,  Arabian  nomads,  XI.  526. 

Midias ,  enemy  of  Demosthenes,  Y.  797,  2  b. 
Midland,  county,  XI.  526. 

Midland ,  county  seat,  XI.  527,  1  a. 

Mid- Lent  Sunday ,  X.  344,  2  a. 

Midlothian:  see  Edinburghshire. 

Midnight  appointments :  see  Adams,  I.  95, 1  a. 
Midrash  (plural,  midrashim),  in  Jewish  litera¬ 
ture,  YIII.  595,  2  ab. 

Midshipman,  XI.  527.  In  the  IT.  S.  navy,  1  a ; 

British,  2  a.  French  aspirants ,  2  b. 
Midsummer-men ,  plant,  XIY.  751,  2  a. 

“  Midsummer  Might's  Dream,"  YII.  65,  1  b. 
Midwifery  [mid'-wif-re] :  see  Obstetrics. 
Midwives,  schools  for,  YI.  431,  2  be. 

Miel,  Jan  [meel],  Flemish  artist,  XI.  527. 
Mieris,  Frans,  the  elder  [me'-ris],  Dutch  paint¬ 
er,  XI.  527.  Willem,  2  c.  Frans,  the  young¬ 
er,  528,  1  a. 

Mieroslawski,  Ludwik  [my&h-ro-slav'-ske], 
Polish  revolutionist,  XI.  528. 

Mifflin,  county,  XI.  528. 

Mifflin,  Thomas,  revolutionary  general, XI.528. 
Mifflintown,  county  seat,  IX.  715,  1  b. 

Migdol:  see  Exodus,  YII.  29,  2  a. 

Migne,  Jacques  Paul  [meeny7],  French  editor, 
XI.  528;  IY.  567,  1  c. 

Mignet,  Francois  Auguste  Marie  [me-nya],  his¬ 
torian,  XI.  529. 

Mignonette  [min-yup-et'],  plant,  XI.  529  (ill.). 

J amaica  mignonette,  YIII.  638,  1  a. 
Migration ,  first  historical,  YII.  737,  2  ab. 
Miguel,  Dom  Maria  Evaristo  [me-ghel'],  Por¬ 
tuguese  prince,  XI.  529.  Ingratitude  of,  IY. 
347,  2  c. 

Mihagua  [me-a'-gwa],  bark,  II.  314,  1  b. 
Mihriya  [me-re'-ya],  followers  of  Mihr,  head  of 
the  Manichseans,  XI.  108,  2  a. 

Mikado  [me-ka'-do],  Japanese  title  of  sover¬ 
eignty,  XI.  530.  See  IX.  538,  1  ab ;  539, 1  c ; 
541,  1  a;  543,  1  ab;  544,  2  a;  546,  2  b. 
Mikania  guaco  (botany),  YIII.  275,  1  be. 


Miklasiya  [mik-la-se'-ya],  followers  of  Miklas, 
Manicha3an  leader,  XI.  108,  1  c. 

Miklosich,  Franz  von  [mik'-lo-shich],  Slavic 
philologist,  XI.  530. 

Miknas :  see  Mequinez. 

Mi'lam,  county,  XI.  531. 

Mil'an,  province  of  Italy,  XI.  531.  City,  1  c. 
Cathedral,  532,  1  ab  (ill.,  531)  ;  IY.  118, 1  ab. 
History,  XI.  533,  1  a.  Edict  of,  regulating 
fiefs,  YII.  161,  1  b. 

Milan '  (Syracuse,  N.  Y.),  XY.  544,  2  a. 

Milan  Obrenovitch  IV.,  prince,  XIY.  782,  2  c. 

Mila’nion,  husband  of  Atalanta,  II.  50,  2  c. 

Milazzo  [me-lat'-so],  town  of  Sicily,  XI.  534. 

Milborne,  Jacob,  X.  330,  1  c;  331,  1  a. 

Milbukn,  William  Henry,  American  clergyman, 
XI.  534. 

Mildew,  XI.  534  (ills.).  See  Fungi,  YII.  528, 
2  a,  531,  2  a;  Grape,  YIII.  164,  2  a. 

Mile,  measure  of  distance,  XI.  535. 

Miletus  [mi-le'-tus],  city  of  Asia  Minor,  XI.  535. 

Milfoil:  see  Yarrow,  plant. 

Milford,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XI.  536. 

Milford,  county  seat,  XIII.  511,  1  b. 

Milford  Haven,  Wales,  XI.  536  (view). 

Milfort,  Le  Clerc  [mil-for],  French  adventurer, 
XI.  537. 

Milhau  [me-yo] :  see  Millau. 

Miliaria ,  disease,  XY.  501, 1  be.  Miliary  fever, 
ib.  Miliary  tubercles  of  the  lungs,  Y.  282, 
2  be. 

Military  Frontier,  Austrian,  XI.  537. 

Military  Law  :  see  Court  Martial,  and  Mar¬ 
tial  Law. 

Military  Schools,  XI.  537. 

Military  systems :  see  Army  (Index). 

Militia,  XI.  538.  In  England,  1  ab;  on  the 
European  continent,  539,  2  a;  in  Turkey, 
540,  1  c ;  in  the  United  States,  ib. 

Militia  Jesu  G hristicontrahcereticos,  IX.  293, 2 c. 

Milium  (botany),  XI.  555, 1  a.  M.  effusum,  ib. 

Milk,  XI.  541.  Globules,  542,  1  b  (ill.) ;  I. 
119, 1  b.  Constituents  of  milk,  XI.  542,  2  a. 
Yolcker’s  analysis,  IY.  349,  1  a.  Methods 
of  testing,  XI.  542,  2  c.  Adulterated  and 
diseased  milk,  543,  1  b  (ills.,  544).  Fungi  in, 
544,  1  b.  Preservation  from  putrefaction, 
1  c.  Condensation  by  the  air  pump,  I.  222, 
1  b.  Yegetable  milk,  III.  223,  2  ab.  Pi¬ 
geon’s  milk,  504,  2  a. 

Milk  of  lime,  X.  478,  1  b. 

Milk,  Sugar  of,  XI.  544. 

Milk  Leg,  disease,  XI.  545. 

Milk  sickness,  in  cattle,  IY.  131,  2  a. 


MILK 


MILNOR 


513 


Milk  make ,  IV.  420,  2  c. 

Milk  thistle ,  XV.  713,  2  ab. 

Milk  Tree  :  see  Cow  Tree. 

“  Milk  of  icax ,”  varnish,  XVI.  269,  1  a. 

Milkath  (Astarte),  XII.  118,  1  b. 

Milkers ’  spasm ,  XIV.  713,  2  c. 

Milkweed,  XI.  545.  Common,  546,  1  a  (ill., 
545) ;  variegated,  ib.  (ill.),  &c.  Other  gen¬ 
era,  2  b;  XIII.  549,  2  b.  Fertilization  of 
by  insects,  IX.  309,  2  b. 

Milky  Way:  see  Galaxy. 

Mill ,  in  calico  printing,  III.  596,  1  ab ;  in  gem 
engraving,  VII.  664, 1  b;  lapidary,  X.  160,  2  a. 

Mill,  James,  English  philosopher,  XI.  546 ; 
XIII.  446,  1  a,  672,  1  c:  see  Bentham,  II. 
536,  2  b.  John  Stuart,  philosopher,  547, 1  b ; 
814,  2  ab ;  XIII.  446,  1  ab ;  673,  1  a.  Sys¬ 
tem  of  logic,  X.  580,  2  b,  581,  1  b.  • 

Mill,  John,  English  scholar,  XI.  548. 

Millais,  John  Everett  [mil-la'],  English  painter, 
XI.  548. 

Millard,  county,  XI.  548. 

Millard,  David,  American  clergyman,  XI.  548. 

Millait,  or  Millaud  [me-yo],  town  of  France, 
XI.  549. 

Millbank ,  London,  X.  611,  2  be. 

Milldam  road ,  Boston,  III.  116,  2  a. 

Milledge,  John,  American  soldier,  XI.  549. 

Milledgeville,  town  of  Georgia,  XI.  549. 

Milledoler  [mil'-dol-er],  Philip,  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  XI.  549. 

Mille-Jiori  [mil'-la-fyo'-re],  glass,  VIII.  23,  2  b. 

Mille  islands:  see  Mulgrave  Islands. 

Mille  Lacs  [mil  lak],  county,  XI.  549. 

Millenarians :  see  Millennium. 

Millennial  church ,  so  called,  XI.  550,  2  a. 

Millennium,  in  theology,  XI.  549. 

Mil'lepede:  see  Centipede,  and  Wire  Worm. 

Millep'ora  (zoology),  XI.  550,  2  c.  M.  alcicor- 
nis,  551,  1  b  (ill.). 

Millepore,  XI.  550  (ill.). 

Miller ,  moth,  XI.  867,  2  b. 

Miller,  two  counties,  XI.  551. 

Miller,  Benigne  Emmanuel  Clement  [me-lair], 
French  philologist,  XI.  551. 

Miller ,  Cincinnatus  Miner :  see  Miller,  Joaquin. 

Miller,  Edward,  American  physician,  XI.  551. 

Miller,  Hugh,  British  geologist,  XI.  551.  Early 
training,  552,  1  a.  His  career  as  a  stone 
mason,  2  b.  Excursions  among  the  rocks, 
553,  1  a;  discoveries  in  the  old  red  sand¬ 
stone,  ib.  Religious  views,  1  b.  Discovery 
of  ichthyic  remains,  1  c.  “Letter  to  Lord 
Brougham,”  ib.  Position  as  a  journalist,  2  a. 

33 


Contributions  to  geological  science,  2b;  es¬ 
timate  of  them,  ib.  Suicide,  554,  1  a. 

Miller,  James,  American  general,  XI.  554. 

Miller,  James,  Scottish  surgeon,  XI.  554. 

Miller,  Joaquin,  American  poet,  XI.  554. 
Minnie  Theresa  (Dyer)  Miller,  2  a. 

Miller,  Joseph,  English  actor,  XI.  554. 

Miller,  Samuel,  American  clergyman,  XI.  554. 

Miller,  Thomas,  English  author,  XI.  555. 

Miller,  William,  American  fanatic,  XI.  555. 

Miller,  William  Allen,  English  chemist,  XI.  555. 

Millersburg,  county  seat,  VIII.  770,  2  c. 

Millerton,  county  seat,  VII.  489,  1  c. 

Millet,  XI.  555.  Millet  grass,  2  a,  b.  True  mil¬ 
let,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  Hungarian,  556,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  In¬ 
dian,  2  a;  Italian,  VIII.  168,  2  be. 

Millet,  Aimd  [me-ya],  French  sculptor,  XI.  556. 

Millet,  Jean  Frangois,  painter,  XI.  556. 

Millet,  Pierre,  missionary,  XI.  556. 

Millin,  Aubin  Louis  [me-yang],  archaeologist, 
XI.  556. 

Milliner ,  origin  of  the  word,  XI.  533,  2  b. 

Milling:  see  Fulling. 

Milling ,  in  manufacture  of  lead,  X.  262,  1  c. 

Milling  machine  (mint),  XI.  619,  1  c  (ill.). 

“  Millions  for  defence ,  not  a  cent  for  tribute ,” 
origin  of  the  expression,  XIII.  521,  1  a. 

Millot,  Claude  Frangois  Xavier  [me-yo], 
French  ecclesiastic,  XI.  556. 

Mill  river ,  bursting  of  the  reservoir  of,  VIII. 
430,  2  a. 

Mills,  two  counties,  XI.  557. 

Mills,  Charles,  English  historian,  XI.  557. 

Mills,  Clark,  American  sculptor,  XI.  557. 

Mills,  Samuel  John,  jr.,  clergyman,  XI.  557. 

Mill  Spring ,  battle  of,  IX.  805,  2  ab. 

Millstone,  XI.  557. 

Millstone  Grit,  geological  formation,  XI.  558. 

Millville,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XI.  558. 

Milman,  Henry  Hart,  English  author,  XI.  558. 

Milne,  William  [miln],  missionary,  XI.  559. 

Milne-Edwards,  Henri  [meel-na-dwar],  French 
naturalist,  XI.  559.  His  experiments  in 
feeding  bees,  I.  316,  1  a.  His  classification 
of  the  Crustacea,  V.  532,  2  b,  533,  2  b ; 
of  fishes,  IX.  161,  2  a;  of  insects,  VI.  662, 
1  be;  of  mollusca,  XI.  51,  2  a;  of  mollus- 
coids,  724,  1  c ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  694,  1  c. 

Milner,  John,  English  author,  XI.  559. 

Milner,  Joseph,  historian,  XI.  559.  Isaac,  au¬ 
thor,  2  b. 

Milnes,  Richard  Monckton  [milnz] :  see  Hough¬ 
ton,  Lord. 

Milnor,  James,  American  clergyman,  XI.  559. 


514 


MILO 


MINERAL 


Milo,  island  :  see  Melos.  Venus  of:  see  Ve¬ 
nus  (Index). 

Milo,  Greek  athlete,  XI.  560. 

Milo,  Titus  Annius  Papinianus,  Roman  tri¬ 
bune,  XI.  560. 

Milon ,  athlete  :  see  Milo. 

Milona  Ccesonia,  wife  of  Caligula,  III.  616,  2  b. 
Milosh  Kobilo'mtch  [me'-losh],  I.  446,  1  b. 
Milosh  Obreno'vitch ,  XIV.  782,  1  c,  2  be. 
Miltiades  [mil-tl'-a-deez],  Athenian  statesman, 

XI.  560. 

Milton,  county,  XI.  560. 

Milton,  township  of  Wisconsin,  XI.  561.  Mil- 
ton  college,  1  a. 

Milton ,  county  seat,  XIV.  620,  1  be. 

Milton,  John,  English  poet,  XI.  561.  Discus¬ 
sion  of  church  reform,  562,  1  a.  Marriage, 

1  c ;  discussion  of  the  doctrine  of  divorce, 

2  a.  “Tenure  of  kings  and  magistrates,” 
563,  1  a.  Foreign  secretary  of  the  common¬ 
wealth,  ib.  Controversy  with  Salmasius,  1  b. 
His  blindness,  1  c.  His  “  Defensio  Secunda,” 
563,  2  a.  His  ideal  of  a  free  commonwealth, 
2  b.  Second  and  third  marriages,  2  c.  Pub¬ 
lication  of  “Paradise  Lost,”  ib. ;  of  “  Para¬ 
dise  Regained,”  564,  1  a.  Discovery  of  his 
“De  Doctrina  Christiana,”  564,  1  b.  His 
personal  habits,  1  c.  Allusion  to  him,  XVI. 
640,  2  b.  Pretended  plagiarism  :  see  Lauder, 
William. 

Milutin,  Nikolai  Alexeyevitch  [mil-yoo'-tin], 
Russian  statesman,  XI.  564. 

Milvus  regain  (ornithology),  X.  20,  2  ab. 
Milwaukee,  county,  XI.  564. 

Milwaukee,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XI.  565  (view). 
Milwaukee  cement  stone ,  XVI.  681,  2  b. 

Milyas  [mil'-e-as] :  see  Lycia,  X.  742,  1  ab. 
Milyutin :  see  Milutin. 

Mimet' esite,  mineral,  X.  250,  1  ab. 

Mimetic  theory  of  language ,  X.  147,  2  b. 
Mimigardevord :  see  Munster,  XII.  46,  2  b. 
Mimir  [me'-mer],  in  Scandinavian  mythology, 

XII.  120,  1  b. 

Mimner'mus,  Greek  poet,  XI.  567. 

Mimo'sa,  plant,  XI.  567.  M.  pudica,  2  a  (ill.). 
M.  strigillosa,  568,  1  a.  Genus  Schrankia, 
1  b.  S.  uncinata  and  angustata,  ib. 

Mimus  (ornithology),  XI.  688,  2  c.  M.  poly- 
glottus,  689,  1  b  (ill.).  M.  montanus,  1  be. 
M.  rufus,  2  a.  M.  Carolinensis,  IV.  104,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Mim'usops  ela'ta  (botany),  III.  223,  2  ab. 

Mina ,  weight  and  money,  XV.  555,  1  c. 

Mina  Bird  :  see  Mino  Bird. 


Minargent ,  alloy,  I.  368,  2  b. 

Minas  Geraes  [me'-nas  zha-rice'],  province  of 
Brazil,  XI.  568. 

Minatitlan  [me-na-te-tlan'],  town  of  Mexico, 
XI.  568. 

Minch ,  ocean  channel,  VIII.  600,  1  ab. 

Mincio  [min'-cho],  river  of  Italy,  XI.  569. 

Mincius :  see  Mincio. 

Mind,  Gottfried  [mint],  Swiss  painter,  XI.  569. 

Mindanao  [meen-da-now'J  :  see  Philippine 
Islands,  XIII.  417,  1  c. 

Minden,  town  of  Prussia,  XI.  569.  Battle,  2  a. 

Minden ,  county  seat,  XVI.  528,  1  a. 

Mindog ,  king  of  Lithuania,  X.  530,  2  b. 
Mindoro:  see  Philippine  Islands,  XIII.  41 7,1  c. 

Mine,  XI.  569.  Ancient  mining,  2  ab,  ff.  Dis¬ 
covery  and  testing  of  mineral  deposits,  570, 
2  ab.  Approaches  to  mines,  571, 1  b.  Ex¬ 
traction  of  minerals,  572,  1  b;  hydraulic 
mining,  2  a ;  stoping,  2  c  (ills.) ;  without 
packing,  574,  2  b ;  transportation  of  men 
and  materials,  2  c.  Protection  of  works 
and  workmen,  575,  2  a.  Mining  laws  and 
schools,  576, 1  b.  Deepest  mine  in  the  world, 
VIII.  493,  2  a. 

Mine ,  submarine ,  so  called,  XV.  804,  1  b  (ill.). 

Miner,  county,  XI.  576. 

Miner,  Alonzo  Ames,  American  clergyman, 
XI.  576. 

Miner,  Thomas,  physician,  XI.  577. 

Mineral,  county,  XI.  577. 

“  Mineral  blossom ,”  X.  253,  2  c. 

Mineral  Deposits,  XI.  577.  Superficial,  1  be. 
Stratified,  2  a.  Unstratified,  2  ab ;  eruptive 
masses,  ib. ;  minerals  disseminated  through 
them,  2  c  ;  contact  deposits,  ib. ;  impregna¬ 
tions,  578,  1  a;  fahlbands,  ib. ;  stockwork, 
1  ab.  Mineral  veins,  1  b ;  gash  veins,  1  be 
(ills.);  segregated,  2  b  (ill.);  fissure,  579, 
1  b  (ills.).  Filling  of  mineral  veins,  580,  2  c ; 
theory  of  injection,  2  c ;  of  aqueous  deposi¬ 
tion,  581,  1  b;  lateral  secretion,  1  be;  sub¬ 
limation,  2  a;  chemical  precipitation,  2  b. 
Systems  of  veins,  582,  1  b ;  gossans,  2  a. 

Mineral  mud  bath ,  XI.  595,  2  b. 

Mineral'ogy,  XI.  583.  Chemistry  of  minerals, 
1  b.  Classification  of  elements,  585,  2  ab. 
Crystalline  form,  1  c.  Physical  characteris¬ 
tics,  586,  2  be.  Classification  of  minerals, 
587  1  a.  Nomenclature,  588, 1  a.  Mineral- 
ology,  1  c.  Artificial  minerals,  2  b.  His¬ 
torical,  2  c. 

Mineralol'ogy ,  study  of  minerals,  XI.  588,  1  c. 

Mineral  pitch,  II.  19,  2  c  (Asphaltum). 


MINERAL 


MINUCIUS 


515 


Mineral  Point,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XI.  591. 

Mineral  po-isons  in  coloring  matter ,  I.  133,  1  ab, 
2  a. 

Mineral  Springs,  XI.  591.  Ancient,  2  be. 
Origin  and  properties  of,  592,  1  a.  Chaly¬ 
beate  springs,  1  c  ;  muriated,  2  be  ;  sulphur, 
593,  1  c ;  alkaline,  594,  1  a ;  alkaline  saline, 
1  be ;  purgative,  2  a ;  calcic,  2  b  ;  indiffer¬ 
ent  thermal,  2  c.  Uses,  595,  1  c. 

Miners  (of  California),  law  regarding  their 
regulations  and  customs,  VII.  177,  1  b. 

Mineral  tallow,  XVI.  516,  1  c. 

Mineral  waters,  XVI.  498,  2  b. 

Mineral  Waters,  Artificial,  XI.  595.  Appara¬ 
tus  for  manufacturing,  596,  1  c.  Geneva 
system,  ib.  Self-generator,  2  b ;  Matthews’s 
apparatus,  ib.  (ill.).  Champagnebaths,  597,2a. 

Miner's  inch ,  in  gold  washing,  VIII.  83,  2  c. 

Minersville,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XI.  597. 

Minerva,  goddess,  XI.  597. 

Min' ever,  fur,  VII.  537,  1  c ;  XV.  298,  1  c. 

Minghet'ti,  Marco,  Italian  statesman,  XI.  598. 

Mingrelia,  in  Asiatic  Russia,  XI.  598. 

Minho  [me'-nyo],  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal, 
XI.  598. 

Minho,  province  of  Portugal,  XI.  598. 

Minia'tor ,  of  ancient  manuscripts,  XI.  131,  2  a. 

Min'iature  Painting,  XI.  598.  Origin  of  the 
expression,  599,  1  a.  Ancient  and  medieeval 
practice,  ib.,  ff.  As  now  applied,  2  c. 

Minie,  Claude  Etienne  [min'-e ;  Fr.  me-nya], 
French  inventor,  XI.  600.  Minie  bullet,  1  c; 
XIV.  330,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Minim,  fish,  XI.  613,  1  c. 

Minims,  order  of,  established,  VII.  424,  1  c. 

Mining ,  effect  of  the  science  of  geology  on, 
VII.  688,  2  ab. 

Mining  bees ,  II.  458,  2  a  (ill.). 

Milling  schools,  VI.  430,  2  ab;  XI.  576,  2  ab. 

Mining  shafts,  XI.  571,  2  ab. 

Minister,  foreign,  domicile  of,  XIV.  20,  1  c. 

Minister  plenipotentiary :  see  Ambassador. 

Minium  :  see  Lead,  X.  245,  1  c ;  XI.  599,  1  a. 

Minins:  see  Minho. 

Mink,  animal,  XI.  600  (ill.).  Fur  of,  VII. 
537,  1  ab. 

Minne  [min'-neh],  in  German  literature,  VII. 
763,  1  be.  See  Minnesingers. 

Minneapolis,  city  of  Minnesota,  XI.  601. 

Minneapolis,  county  seat,  XII.  733,  1  a. 

Minnehaha  [min-ne-lia'-ha],  county,  XI.  602. 

Minnehaha  falls,  Minnesota,  XI.  605,  1  a. 

Minnesingers,  German  poets,  XI.  602. 

Minnesota,  state,  XI.  602.  State  seal  (ill.). 


Population,  2  c.  Topography,  603,  1  c. 
Rivers  and  lakes,  2  be.  Geology  and  mine¬ 
rals,  604, 1  b.  Soil  and  climate,  2  ab.  Flora 
and  fauna,  2  c.  Natural  curiosities,  605, 1  a. 
Agriculture,  1  b.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Com¬ 
merce,  606,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  607, 
1  a.  Banks,  &c.,  1  be.  Government,  1  c. 
Finances,  608,  2  a.  Public  institutions,  609, 

1  ab.  Education,  2  a.  Libraries,  610,  2  a. 
Religious  organizations,  2  b.  History,  2  o. 

Minnesota,  river,  XI.  611. 

Minnesota,  University  of,  XI.  611. 
Minnetarees',  Indian  tribe,  XI.  612. 

Minnewit :  see  Minuit,  Peter. 

Minnie  Myrtle,  pseudonyme,  XI.  554,  2  a. 
Minniwahan ,  salt  lake,  Dakota,  V.  639,  2  b. 
Minnow,  fish,  XI.  613  (ill.). 

Mino  Bird,  XI.  613  (ill.). 

Miho  [me'-nyo] :  see  MiNno. 

Minorca,  Balearic  island,  XI.  613. 

Minorites  :  see  Franciscans. 

Minor  mode,  in  music,  XII.  78,  2  b. 

Minos,  king  of  Crete,  XI.  614  ;  XIV.  284,  2  b. 
Minot,  George  Richards,  American  jurist,  XI. 
614. 

Minot’s  Ledge:  see  Lighthouse,  X.  461,  1  c. 
Minotaur:  see  Minos,  XI.  614,  1  ab,  be. 

Labyrinth  of  the,  III.  696,  1  a. 

Minsis  :  see  Munsees. 

Minsk,  government  of  Russia,  XI.  614.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  a. 

Minstrels,  medieval  poets  and  musicians,  XI. 

614.  Swabian  school,  VII.  763,  2  ab. 

Mint,  plant,  XI.  614.  Spearmint,  2  c  (ill., 
615).  Peppermint,  615,  1  be.  Corn  mint, 

2  c.  Wild  mint,  ib. 

Mint,  place  of  coinage,  XI.  616.  Early  coin¬ 
ing,  1  a ;  in  Britain,  1  b,  ff.  Hammer  money, 
2  b.  Early  coining  machines,  2  c  (ills.,  617). 
Seigniorage,  617,  1  c.  Mints  and  assay  of¬ 
fices  in  the  United  States,  2  b.  Gold  and 
silver  bullion,  618,  1  a.  Assaying,  1  c. 
Standard  metal,  2  a.  Alloy,  ib.  Machinery 
for  coining,  618-620  (ills.).  Chlorination 
process  referred  to,  620,  2  a.  Weights  of 
coins,  ib.  Amount  of  coinage,  2  c.  List 
of  directors,  ib. — Mint  of  France,  621,  1  a. 
Mint  pieces,  XII.  535,  2  ab.  Mint  mark,  2  c. 
Mintha ,  legendary  nymph,  XI.  614,  2  c. 

Minto,  Gilbert  Elliot,  first  earl  of,  English 
statesman,  XI.  621.  Gilbert  Elliot-Murray- 
Kynynmound,  second  earl  of,  1  c. 

Minucius  Felix,  Marcus,  Latin  Christian  writer, 
XI.  621. 


516 


MINUET 


MISSI 


Minuet,  dance,  XI.  621.  Musical  movement,  2  b. 
Minuetto ,  in  music,  XI.  621,  2  b. 

Minuit,  Peter,  colonial  governor,  XI.  621. 
Minus' cule  writing ,  XI.  134,  1  a.  Date  of, 
VIII.  209,  2  be. 

Minute,  of  time  and  of  arc,  XI.  622. 

Minutoli,  Heinrich  Menu  von,  baron  [me-noo'- 
to-le],  German  archaeologist,  XI.  622.  Wol- 
fradine,  countess  von  der  Schulenburg,  au¬ 
thoress,  1  c.  Julius  von,  writer,  ib. 

Minx}  or  mink,  fur  of,  VII.  537,  1  ab. 

Minyce  [min'-e-e],  people  of  Bceotia,  II.  774, 
2  be;  of  Lemnos,  X.  336,  1  a. 

Minyas  [min'-e-as],  referred  to,  I.  208,  1  b. 
Mi'ocene,  in  geology,  XI.  622. 

Miolan- Carvalho,  Caroline  Marie  Felix  [myo- 
lang-kar-va'-lyo],  French  singer,  XI.  622. 
Miot,  Andre  Francois,  count  de  Melito  [myo], 
author,  XI.  623.  Referred  to,  III.  34,  1  b. 
Miquelon  [meek-long] :  see  Saint-Pierre. 

Mira  tree ,  VIII.  301,  2  ab. 

Mirabaud  [me-ra-bo],  nom  de  plume,  VIII. 
763,  2  b. 

Mirabeau,  Gabriel  HonoiA  Riquetti,  count  de 
[me-ra-bo],  French  author  and  statesman, 
XI.  623.  Early  traits  of  person  and  mind, 

1  ab.  Victim  of  paternal  tyranny,  1  b,  ff. 
Early  indications  of  talent,  ib.  Political 
agitator,  624,  1  a.  Elected  to  the  states 
general,  1  b  ;  influence  in  the  assembly,  ib. ; 
support  of  the  third  estate,  1  c ;  bold  mes¬ 
sage  to  the  king,  ib. ;  favors  restoration  of 
his  legitimate  authority,  ib.  Labors  as  dep¬ 
uty  and  journalist,  2  a.  Death,  2  c. 

Mirabichi  [me-ra-be'-she],  Indian  god,  XII. 
734,  2  c. 

MiraVilis  (botany),  XI.  215,  2  b.  M.  Jalapa, 

2  c  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Miracle,  in  theology,  XI.  625. 

Miracles ,  modern ,  VIII.  761,  2  ab. 

Miracles  and  Moralities,  mediaeval  plays, 

XI.  626.  Source  in  the  early  church,  1  be. 
Miracle  plays  in  the  middle  ages,  1  c,  ff. 
Miracle  of  the  passion,  2  be;  of  the  con¬ 
ception,  &c.,  2  c  ;  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles, 
627,  1  a.  German,  1  ab.  English,  1  c ;  VI. 
634,  1  b. — Moralities,  XI.  628,  1  ab.  Transi¬ 
tion  in  England  to  the  drama,  1  c ;  sup¬ 
pressed  in  Paris,  ib.  Mysteries  still  per¬ 
formed  in  parts  of  Europe,  ib. 

Mirajlores ,  Carthusian  convent  of,  III.  449,  2  c. 
Miraflores,  Manuel  de  Pando,  marquis  of 
[me-ra-flo'-race],  Spanish  statesman,  XI.  628. 
Mirage  [me-razh'],  optical  illusion,  XI.  628. 


Four  cases  of,  2  c.  Mirage  of  the  desert, 
629,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  over  water,  1  c  (ill.).  Re¬ 
markable  cases  of,  2  b. 

Miramichi  [me-ra-me-she'],  bay  and  river  of 
New  Brunswick,  XI.  629. 

Miramon,  Miguel  [me-ra-mone'],  Mexican  sol¬ 
dier,  XI.  630. 

Miranda,  Francisco  [me-rfm'-da],  Venezuelan 
revolutionist,  XI.  630 ;  III.  7,  1  c.  Ben- 
tham’s  interest  in  his  project,  II.  536,  2  c. 

Miran'dola,  Giovanni  Pico  della,  count,  and 
prince,  XI.  631. 

Mirbane ,  essence  of |  XIII.  289,  1  b. 

Mirbel,  Charles  Francois  Brisseau  de  [meer- 
bel],  French  naturalist,  XL  631. 

Mirdites ,  Albanian  tribe,  I.  244,  2  a. 

Mirecourt  [meer-koor],  France,  XI.  631. 

Mire-drum ,  fen  fowl,  II.  670,  2  a. 

Mmks,  Jules  [me-race],  French  speculator,  XI. 
631. 

Miriam,  sister  of  Moses,  XI.  631. 

Miriti  [me-re-te'J,  tree,  III.  224,  1  b. 

Mirror,  XI.  632.  Ancient  mirrors,  material 
of,  1  a.  Glass  mirrors,  2  b.  Process  of 
coating,  2  be ;  modern  improvements,  2  c ; 
difficulties  of,  633,  1  b.  Other  methods,  1  c. 
Bottger’s  process  of  platinizing  glass,  2  ab. 
See  Aldehyde,  I.  268,  1  ab. 

Mirror ,  concave ,  principal  focus  of,  XII.  656, 
1  c  (ills.).  Conjugate  foci,  657,  1  c. 

Mirrors ,  burning:  see  Burning  Glass,  &c. 
Of  great  size,  2  b. 

Mirza  Ali  Moham'med  [meer'-za  a'-le],  founder 
of  Babism,  II.  182,  2  b ;  XIII.  320,  1  b. 

Mirza  Gahara ,  Bab,  II.  183,  1  a. 

Mirzapore',  town  of  India,  XI.  633. 

Misach  Palceologus  (Messih  Pasha),  Turkish 
commander,  II.  100,  2  c. 

Misal :  see  Sikhs,  XV.  37,  1  b. 

Miscarriage ,  XII.  569,  1  be  (Obstetrics). 

Misdemeanor,  in  law,  XI.  633. 

Miserere  [miz-e-re'-re],  penitential  hymn,  XI. 
634.  Music,  author  of,  I.  327,  2  c. 

Mishmish ,  a  dried  fruit,  I.  606,  1  a. 

Mishnah,  XI.  634  ;  VIII.  595, 1  a;  728,  1  b. 

Mishneh  torah :  see  Maimonides,  XI.  28,  1  c. 

Miskolcz  [mish'-kolts],  Hungary,  XI.  635. 

Misnia  :  see  Meissen. 

Mis'picTcel ,  ore  of  arsenic,  I.  769,  2  c. 

Missdbizi  [-be'-ze],  Indian  god,  XII.  734,  2  c. 

Missal,  mass  book,  XI.  635 ;  X.  535,  1  b. 
“  Roman  missal,”  ib. 

Missau'kee,  county,  XI.  636. 

Missi  dominici ,  Charlemagne’s  imperial  dele- 


MISSISSIPPI 


MITHRIDATES 


517 


gates,  II.  291,  1  c  (twice).  Missi  regii,  III. 

757,  2  b. 

Missinnippi  River  :  see  Chttrciiill,  IV.  568, 1  c. 
Missionary  ridge ,  IV.  339,  2  b.  Battle  of,  ib. 
Missionary  union ,  American  Baptist ,  XI.  643, 
2c;  IX.  703,  1  c. 

Missions,  Foreign,  XI.  636.  Roman  Catholic 
637,  1  a ;  in  the  East,  1  ab ;  in  America,  1  b. 
Jesuit  missions,  1  c.  Training  of  mission¬ 
aries,  639,  1  a.  Missionary  societies,  1  c. — 
Protestant,  639,  2  c.  Missionary  societies, 
641,  2  be.  Missionary  field,  645,  2  b. 
Mississagas  [-saw'-gas],  Indian  tribe,  XI.  635. 
Missis'quoi,  county,  XI.  650. 

Mississippi,  state,  XI.  650.  State  seal  (ill.). 
Population,  2  b.  Topography,  651,  1  c. 

Hydrography,  2  a.  Geology,  652,  1  a.  Cli¬ 
mate,  1  be.  Soil  and  productions,  2  a.  Ag¬ 
riculture,  2  be.  Manufactures,  653,  2  a- 

Commerce,  1  b.  Intercommunication,  2  b. 
Banks,  &c.,  654,  1  a.  Government,  1  ab. 
Finances,  2  c.  Public  institutions,  655,  1  be. 
Education,  2  b.  Libraries,  &c.,  657,  1  b. 
Religious  organizations,  1  c.  History,  2  a ; 
secession,  2  c ;  reconstruction,  658,  1  a. 
Mississippi,  two  counties,  XI.  658. 

Mississippi  City ,  county  seat,  VIII.  480,  2  c. 
Mississippi  company :  see  Law,  John  (Index). 
Mississippi  River,  XI.  658.  Source,  2  c.  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony,  659,  1  be.  Rock  Island 
rapids,  1  c.  Des  Moines  rapid,  2  a.  Table 
of  the  hydraulics  of  the  Mississippi,  660,  1  a. 
The  delta,  1  ab,  2  c ;  I.  338,  2  b.  Water  of 
the  Mississippi,  XI.  661,  1  ab.  Its  channel, 
1  c  ;  rate  of  descent,  2  a ;  obstructions,  2  ab. 
Early  explorers,  662,  1  a. 

Missolonghi,  town  of  Greece,  XI.  662.  Siege,  1  b. 
Missoula  [mis-soo'-la],  county,  XI.  662. 
Missoula ,  county  seat,  XI.  662,  2  b. 

Missouri,  state,  XI.  662.  State  seal  (ill.),  663. 
Population,  1  c.  Topography,  2  c.  Rivers. 

664,  2  a.  Soil,  ib.  Geology  and  minerals, 

665,  1  a.  Lead  deposits  of,  X.  253,  2  a. 
Climate,  XI.  666,  1  a.  Productions,  1  b. 
Agriculture,  1  be.  Manufactures,  2  b.  Com¬ 
merce,  667,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  668, 
1  a.  Banks,  1  c.  Government,  ib.  Finances, 
669,  1  c.  Public  institutions,  2  b.  Educa¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Libraries,  &c.,  674,  2  b.  Re¬ 
ligious  organizations,  2  c.  History,  672, 
1  ab.  Opposition  to  the  admission  of  Mis¬ 
souri  as  a  state,  IX.  836,  1  he.  Abolition  of 
slavery,  XI.  673,  1  c. 

Missouri  compromise ,  XI.  672,  2  a;  763,  1  b; 


IX.  753,  1  b.  Secret  history  of,  I.  101,  2  ci 
102,  1  ab. 

Missouri  River,  XI.  673.  Source,  2  a.  Junc¬ 
tion  with  the  Mississippi,  2  b.  Navigation 
of,  2  c.  Area  drained  by  it,  674, 1  a.  “  Gates 
of  the  Rocky  mountains,”  1  ab.  The  Great, 
falls,  ib.  Missouri  river  bridge,  V.  425,  1  b. 
Missouris,  Indian  tribe,  XI.  674. 

Missourium ,  extinct  animal,  XI.  267,  1  c. 
Mistake,  in  law,  XI.  674. 

Misti  [mees-te'],  volcano  of,  I.  632,  2  a  (ill.). 
Mistletoe  [miz'-z’l-to],  parasitic  shrub,  XI. 
675  (ill.).  Druidical  use  of,  VI.  270,  2  a. 
American  mistletoe,  XI.  676,  1  b. 

Mistral,  Frederic,  French  poet,  XI.  676. 
Mistral ,  a  wind,  XVI.  658,  2  b  ;  XII.  427,  2  a. 
Mitau  [me'-tow],  capital  of  Courland,  XI.  676. 
Mitchel,  John,  Irish  revolutionist,  XI.  676  ; 

IX.  360,  1  b  ;  VII.  126,  2  a.  (Died  1875.) 
Mitchel,  Ormsby  Macknight,  American  as¬ 
tronomer  and  soldier,  XI.  677 ;  I.  233,  2  a. 
Mitchell,  four  counties,  XI.  677. 

Mitchell ,  county  seat,  XI.  677,  2  c. 

Mitchell,  Donald  Grant,  American  author, 
XI.  678. 

Mitchell,  Elisha,  chemist,  XI.  678 ;  II.  682, 
1  be,  2  a. 

Mitchell,  John  Kearsley,  physician,  XI.  678. 
S.  Weir,  physician,  1  c. 

Mitchell,  Maria,  astronomer,  XI.  678;  XII. 
567,  2  ab. 

Mitchell ,  Mt .,  North  Carolina,  II.  682,  1  be. 
Mitchell,  Sir  Thomas  Livingstone,  British 
engineer,  XI.  678. 

Mitchella  repens  (botany),  XIII.  143,  1  c  (ill.). 
Mitchell’s  Peak:  see  Black  Mountains. 
MitchelVs  screic  pile ,  X.  454,  1  ab  ;  462,  1  b. 
MitchelVs  theory  of  hurricanes,  IX.  80,  2  be. 
Mitchill,  Samuel  Latham,  American  physi¬ 
cian  and  naturalist,  XI.  679;  XVI.  191,  2  b. 
His  writings  on  fishes,  IX.  126,  1  a. 

Mite,  insect,  XI.  679  (ill.).  Locust  mite,  XIV. 
374,  1  b  (ill.).  Silky  mite,  ib.  (ill.).  See 
Epizoa,  VI.  694,  2  a,  ff.  (ills.). 

Mitford,  Mary  Russell,  English  authoress,  XL 
679. 

Mitford,  William,  historian,  XI.  680. 

Mith'ra ,  Persian  deity,  allusion  to,  XI.  681, 1  c ; 
I.  32,  2  c  (Mithras).  Mysteries  of,  XII.  115, 
1  h.  Representations  of,  1  c. 

Mithradates :  see  Mithridates. 

Mithridates  [mith-re-da'-teez],  king  of  Pontus, 
XI.  680. 

Mithridates ,  kings  of  Parthia,  XIII.  135, 1  c,  If. 


518 


MITHRIDATES 


MOHAMMED 


Mithridates ,  account  of  all  known  languages, 
I.  114,  2  a  (Adelung). 

Mitra  [me'-tra],  in  Indian  mythology,  IX.  223, 
2  b  (twice). 

Mitrailleuse  [me-tra-yuz] :  see  Artillery, 
I.  792,  1  c. 

Mitral  valve,  of  the  heart,  VIII.  558,  1  c. 

Mitre,  ornament,  XI.  681  (ills.).  Bishop’s,  681, 
1  c  (ill.).  Referred  to,  II.  663,  2  c. 

Mitre  tavern,  London,  X.  620,  1  b. 

Mitsoherlich,  Eilhard  [mit'-sher-lich],  German 
chemist,  XI.  681 ;  IV.  368,  1  a.  Discovery 
of  benzine,  II.  544,  1  a. 

Mittau :  see  Mitau. 

Mittermaier,  Karl  Joseph  Anton  [mit'-ter-ml- 
er],  German  jurist,  XI.  682. 

Mittimus,  in  law,  XI.  682. 

Mittoo',  country  of  Africa,  XI.  682. 

Mitylene  :  see  Mytilene. 

Mixtecas  [mees-ta'-kas],  Indian  nation,  XI.  683. 

Mizar,  star  in  Ursa  Major,  II.  420,  2  a. 

Mjolnir  [myol'-ner],  in  Scandinavian  mythol¬ 
ogy,  V.  512,  1  c. 

Mnemonics,  artificial  memory,  XI.  683.  Sys¬ 
tem  of,  2  a,  ff. 

Mnemosyne  [ne-moz'-e-ne],  goddess,  XI.  684. 

Mnesicles  [nes'-e-kleez],  Athenian  architect,  II. 
56,  1  b. 

Mniotilta  varia  (ornithology),  V.  473,  1  c. 

Moa  :  see  Dinornis. 

Mo'ab,  land  of,  XI.  684.  Moabite  stone,  2  c. 

Moallakat' ,  Arabic  poems,  I.  623,  2  b;  442,  2  c 
(Moallacahs). 

Moat,  in  fortification,  VII.  328,  2  ab. 

Moawiyah  I.  [mo-a-we'-ya],  caliph,  founder  of 
the  Ommiyade  dynasty,  XI.  685  ;  I.  311,  2  ab ; 
XII.  628,  1  a.  Moawiyah  II.,  XI.  685,  2  b. 

Moberly,  George,  English  bishop,  XI.  685. 

Mobile  [mo-beel'j,  river  and  bay  of  Alabama, 
XI.  685 ;  I.  228,  2  c. 

Mobile,  county,  XI.  686. 

Mobile,  city  of  Alabama,  XI.  686.  History, 
687,  1  c. 

Mobile  equilibrium  of  temperature  [mo'-bil], 
Prevost’s  theory  of,  VIII.  570,  2  ab. 

Mobile  Point,  XI.  688. 

Mobius,  August  Ferdinand  [mo'-be-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  mathematician,  XI.  688.  Theodor,  phil¬ 
ologist,  2  a.  Paul  Heinrich  August,  author,  ib. 

Mocanna  :  see  Atha  ben  Hakem. 

Moccason  flower,  X.  90,  2  b. 

Mocha  [mo'-ka],  seaport  of  Arabia,  XI.  688. 
Temperature,  I.  619,  2  a.  Mocha  coffee,  2  b ; 
V.  16,  2  a. 


Mocha  stone,  or  moss  agate,  I.  178,  2  b. 
Moohuana  :  see  Bechuana,  II.  438,  1  b. 

Mock  orange,  XIII.  404,  1  c ;  X.  468,  1  be. 
Gordon’s  mock  orange,  2  a  (ill.).  See  Squash, 
XV.  293,  1  be. 

Mocking  Bird,  XI.  688  (ilk).  See  Poe  Bird, 
XIII.  635,  1  c,  and  XII.  410,  2  c. 

Mock-sun,  VIII.  406,  2  a. 

Mocksville,  county  seat,  V.  708,  1  b. 

Mococo,  monkey,  X.  339,  1  be. 

Mod'ena,  duchy  of  Italy,  XI.  689.  Province,  2  c. 

Capital  city,  ib.  (view,  690). 

Moderados  [mo-^a-ra'-^/mce],  Spanish  political 
party,  IX.  423,  1  c. 

Moderations ,  Oxford  examination,  XII.  766, 1  c. 
Modesto,  county  seat,  XV.  306,  2  c. 

Mod'ica,  town  of  Sicily,  XI.  691.  Valley  of 
Ipsica,  1  b. 

Modi' ola  (mollusca),  XII.  103,  2  c.  M.  modio¬ 
lus,  ib. 

Modlin  :  see  Novogeorgievsk. 

Modocs,  Indians,  XI.  691 ;  X.  22,  1  b. 
Modulation,  in  music,  XII.  85,  1  b. 

Mce'ris,  lake  of  Egypt,  XI.  691.  Its  remains 
identified,  VI.  455,  1  b. 

Mcesia,  ancient  country  of  E.  Europe,  XI.  692; 
VIII.  126, 1  b.  Superior,  XI.  692, 1  b  ;  XIV. 
781,  2  a.  Inferior,  XI.  692, 1  b ;  III.  422,  1  b. 
Mceso-  Goths,  XI.  692,  1  b. 

Mo'ez,  caliph,  VII.  94,  2  a. 

Moffat,  Robert,  Scottish  missionary,  XI.  692 ; 

X.  548,  1  a. 

Mogador,  pseudonyme,  IV.  223,  2  a. 
Mogadore',  town  of  Morocco,  XI.  692  (view)  • 
839,  1  a. 

Moggia  [mod'-ja],  Neapolitan  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 
Moghilev,  or  Mogilev :  see  Mohilev. 

Mogila  [mo-ghe'-la],  or  Mogilas,  Peter,  Russian 
author,  XI.  693. 

Mogollon  range  [mo-go-lyone'],  Arizona,  I. 
709,  2  be. 

Moguls'  (Mongols),  XI.  693.  Great  Mogul,  1  c. 
Mogunti' acum :  see  Mentz. 

Monies  [mo'-hatch],  town  of  Hungary,  XI. 

693.  Battle  of,  2  a;  IX.  57,  2  a. 

Mohair ,  Angora  goat’s  wool,  XVI.  713,  1  a. 
Moham'med,  founder  of  the  Mussulman  religion, 

XI.  693.  Parentage  and  early  fortunes,  2  b. 
First  marriage,  694,  1  a.  Call  to  his  mission, 
1  ab.  Outlawed  and  banished  from  Mecca, 
1  be.  The  Hegira,  2  a.  War  against  unbe¬ 
lievers,  2  ab.  Arabia  subjected,  2  c.  Holy 
war  against  the  Byzantine  empire,  695,  1  a. 
Last  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  ib.  His  death, 


MOHAMMED 


MOLINISTS 


519 


1  ab.  Personal  characteristics,  1  b.  Ilis 
tomb :  see  Medina,  353,  1  a. 

Mohammed  II.,  Turkish  sultan,  XL  695. 
Mohammed  IV.,  Turkish  sultan,  XI.  696. 
Mohammed  Ali  :  see  Mehemet  Ali. 
Mohammed  Ghore ,  monarch,  IX.  207,  2  ab. 
Mohammed  Ghous ,  tomb  of,  VIII.  349,  1  c. 
Mohammed  Togluk ,  king,  IX.  208,  1  a. 
Mohammedanism,  XI.  696.  Standards  of  faith 
and  morals,  697,  1  ab.  Fundamental  doc¬ 
trine,  2  ab ;  views  of  Christ,  2  b ;  of  angels, 

2  be;  of  good  and  evil  spirits,  2  c;  of  the 
last  judgment,  698,  la;  of  the  passage  thence 
to  the  award,  1  ab ;  of  heaven  and  hell,  1  b ; 
of  the  divine  foreknowledge  and  predestina¬ 
tion,  and  man’s  responsibility,  ib.  Practical 
religion,  1  be;  prayer,  1  c;  almsgiving,  2  a; 
fasting,  2  ab ;  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  2  b.  The 
Koran  the  rule  of  civil  and  social  as  well 
as  religious  life,  2  c ;  things  forbidden,  ib. ; 
crimes  and  punishments,  699,  1  a.  Polyga¬ 
my  and  divorce,  1  ab ;  ethics  outside  of  the 
domestic  relations,  1  b.  Spread  of  Moham¬ 
medan  doctrines  and  rule,  1  c,  ff.  Statistics, 

700,  1  ab. 

Mohave  [mo-ha'- va],  county,  XI.  700. 

Mohave  City ,  county  seat,  XI.  700,  2  a. 
Mohaves,  Indian  tribe,  XI.  700. 

Mo'hawk,  river  of  New  York,  XI.  700. 
Mohawks  :  see  Agmegue,  and  IX.  412,  1  be. 
Mohe'gans,  Indian  tribe,  XI.  700. 

Mohicans  [mo-he'-kans] :  see  Mohegans. 
Mohilev  [mo-he'-lev],  Russian  government,  XI. 

701.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Mohl,  Hugo  von  [mole],  German  botanist,  XI. 

701.  Robert,  jurist,  2  b.  Julius,  scholar,  ib. 
Mohler,  Johann  Adam,  theologian,  XI.  701. 
Mohs,  Friedrich  [moce],  mineralogist,  XI.  702. 

Classification  of  minerals,  589,  2  ab,  c. 
Moigbota ,  Anglo-Saxon  penalty  for  murder,  III. 
755,  2  a. 

Moigno  (de  Villebeau),  Francois  Napoleon 
Marie  [mwa-nyo  duh.  veel-bo],  French  scien¬ 
tific  author,  XI.  702. 

Moigwenas,  Indians,  IX.  180,  2  c. 

Moir,  David  Macbeth,  Scottish  author,  XI.  703. 
Moira,  Earl  of :  see  Hastings,  Francis. 
Moissac  chronicle  [mwa-sak],  allusion  to,  IV. 
558,  2  ab. 

Moivre,  Abraham  de  [duh  mwavr’],  French 
mathematician,  XI.  703. 

Mojos:  see  Moxos  (Index). 

Mokanna  :  see  Atha  ben  Hakem. 

Mokha :  see  Mocha. 


Moksha ,  in  Buddhism,  III.  396,  1  c;  403,  1  a. 
Moktana  Boha  ed-Din  [mok-ta'-na  bo'-ha  ed- 
deen'],  VI.  272,  2  b ;  273,  1  c. 

Mokzhas,  Russian  people,  XI.  822,  1  a. 

Mola,  Pietro  Francesco,  Italian  painter,  XI. 

703.  Giambattista,  painter,  1  c. 

Molasse  [mo-las'],  stone,  XI.  703. 

Molasses,  XI.  703 ;  XV.  446,  2  b,  447,  2  b. 
Moldatj  [mole'-dow],  river  of  Bohemia,  XI.  703. 
Moldavia,  country  of  Europe,  XI.  703. 

Mole,  animal,  XI.  705.  European,  1  c  (ill.). 
Star-nosed,  706,  1  ab  (ill.).  Shrew  mole, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Mole ,  abnormal  foetus,  XI.  765, 1  be  (Monster). 
Mole,  Louis  Mathieu  [muh-la],  French  states¬ 
man,  XI.  706. 

Mole  Cricket,  XI.  707  (ill.). 

Molech :  see  Moloch. 

Molec’ular  attraction  and  repulsion :  see  Cohe¬ 
sion,  V.  20,  2  a.  Molecular  combination, 
VII.  597,  2  a.  Molecular  constitution  of 
matter:  see  Diathermancy,  VI.  83,  1  be. 
Molecular  granulations,  II.  208, 1  a.  Molec¬ 
ular  impressions,  XIV.  428,  1  b. 

Mol'ecule,  XI.  707.  Definition,  2  c,  708,  2  c; 
II.  87,  1  c.  Molecular  motion,  XI.  708,  2  c. 
Conservation  of  energy,  709, 1  b.  Mechani¬ 
cal  condition  of  molecules  of  same  substance, 

2  b.  Collisions  of  unequal  masses,  710,  1  a. 
Effect  of  increase  of  temperature  on  a  con¬ 
fined  mass  of  gas,  2  b.  Diffusion  of  gas 
molecules,  713,  1  ab.  Molecules  of  a  liquid, 
2  c.  Molecular  magnitudes,  714, 1  b.  Chem¬ 
ical  point  of  view,  715,  1  b.  Elementary 
substances,  716,  1  a.  Distinction  between 
atom  and  molecule,  717, 1  b ;  583, 1  b.  Iso¬ 
meric  substances,  718,  1  a.  Polarity  of  mo¬ 
lecular  force,  V.  539,  2  c. 

Molenbeek  -  St.  -  Jean  [mo-len-baik-sang-zhane], 
town  of  Belgium,  XI.  718. 

Moleschott,  Jacob  [mo'-leli-shot],  German 
physiologist,  XI.  718. 

Mole  shrew,  animal,  XV.  8,  1  a  (ill.). 

Moles  worth,  "William  Nassau,  English  author, 
XI.  718.  (Died  1877.) 

Molfetta,  seaport  town  of  Italy,  XI.  718. 
MoLikRE  [mo-lyair],  French  dramatist,  XI.  718. 
Molina,  Luis  [mo-le'-na],  Spanish  theologian, 
XI.  719. 

Molina,  count  of,  adopted  name,  III.  793,  1  c. 
Molina,  Maria  de,  mother  of  Ferdinand  IV., 
VII.  135,  2  c. 

Moline  [mo-leen'],  city  of  Illinois,  XI.  720. 
Molinists  :  see  Molina,  Luis. 


520 


MOLINOS 


mondovi 


Molinos,  "Miguel  de  [mo-le'-noce],  Spanish  mys¬ 
tic,  XI.  720 ;  IX.  289,  2  ab  (Michael). 

Molique,  Wilhelm  Bernhard  [mo-leek'],  Ger¬ 
man  violinist  and  composer,  XI.  720. 

Molise  [mo-le'-za] :  see  Campobasso. 

Mollah ,  Moslem  judge  and  priest,  III.  536,  1  b ; 
VII.  66,  2  a;  XIII.  318,  2  b;  XVI.  103,  1  c. 

Molleb,  Georg  [mul'-ler],  German  architect, 

*  XI.  720. 

Mollhausen,  Balduin  [raol'-how-zen],  German 
traveller,  XI.  720. 

Mollusca,  XI.  720.  General  characteristics, 
721,  1  b.  Acephala,  1  c.  Encephala,  722, 
1  ab.  Ileteropoda,  1  c.  Gasteropoda,  2  b. 
Cephalopoda,  723,  1  c.  Distribution,  local, 
724, 1  a ;  in  time,  1  b.  Uses  of,  1  c.  Number 
of  species,  ib. 

Molluscoi'da ,  III.  178,  1  a. 

Mollus'coids,  XI.  724.  Brachiopods,  725,  1  b. 

Mollwitz  [mul'-vits],  (village,  25  m.  S.  E.  of 
Breslau),  battle  of,  VII.  456,  1  b;  I.  748, 
1  be ;  IV.  145,  2  a. 

Molo  of  Rhodes,  Cicero’s  teacher,  IV.  572, 2  ab. 

MoLocn  [mo'-lok],  god  of  the  Ammonites,  XI. 
725;  XII.  117,  2  c. 

MoLocn,  reptile,  XI.  725.  M.  horridus,  ib. 

Mololconi ,  Russian  religious  sect,  XIV.  485, 1  be. 

Molossia,  or  Molossis,  part  of  Epirus,  XI.  725. 

MoVothrus  (ornithology),  V.  440,  1  c ;  II.  657, 
1  a.  M.  pecoris,  V.  440,  1  c  (ill.). 

Moltke,  Helmuth  Karl  Bernhard  von,  count 
[molt'-keh],  German  general,  XI.  725. 

Moluccas,  or  Spice  Islands, #  XI.  726. 

MolyV dates,  XI.  727,  2  ab.  Molybdate  of  lead 
first  made  known,  X.  23,  1  a. 

Molyb'denum,  metal,  XI.  727. 

Mombas,  town  of  Zanzibar,  XI.  727. 

Mombasah ,  Mombaz :  see  Mombas. 

Momeca ,  resin  of  hemp,  VIII.  633,  1  b. 

Momentum ,  of  matter  in  motion,  XI.  318,  1  c. 

Mommsen,  Christian  Matthias  Theodor  [mum'- 
zen],  German  historian,  XI.  727. 

Momordica  elaterium  (botany),  V.  559,  1  a  (ill., 
558)  ;  VI.  492,  1  b. 

Momotombita  [-tome-be'-ta],  island,  XI.  87,  2  be. 

Momotombo,  volcano  of  Nicaragua,  XI.  728. 

Momotus  (ornithology),  XI.  872,  1  a.  M.  Bra- 
siliensis,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Mbmpelgard  [mom'-pel-gart] :  see  Montbe- 

LIARD. 

Mompos  [mome-poce'],  city  of  Colombia,  XI.728. 

Mompox:  see  Mompos. 

Momus,  in  Greek  mythology,  XI.  728. 

Mona ,  island :  see  Anglesea,  I.  497,  2  a. 


Monacello  [-chel'-lo] :  see  Fairies,  VII.  63, 2  be. 

Monachism  [mon'-a-kizm],  XI.  728.  First  type 
of,  2  a.  Egyptian,  2  b;  employments,  ib. 
In  eastern  countries,  729,  1  a.  Disfavored 
by  church  fathers  and  councils,  1  b.  Trans¬ 
ferred  from  deserts  to  towns,  ib.  Literary 
treasures,  2  a  (see  Athos).  In  the  West,  ib. 
Attempts  for  reform,  730, 1  a.  Different  or¬ 
ders,  1  b.  Influence  of  the  reformation,  2  b ; 
direction  to  foreign  missions,  731, 1  be.  De¬ 
crease  in  the  18th  century,  1  c;  increase  in 
the  19th,  732,  1  ab. — Protestant  sisterhoods 
and  brotherhoods,  1  c. 

Mon'aco,  principality  and  town  of  Italy,  XI. 
732  (view). 

Mon'ad,  in  philosophy,  XI.  733.  Leibnitz’s 
doctrine  of  monads,  X.  325,  1  a.  Infusorial 
monads  referred  to,  XV.  283,  1  be. 

Monad 'nock,  Grand,  mountain  of  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  XI.  733. 

Monagas ,  Jose  Tadeo  [mo-na-'gas],  president  of 
Venezuela,  XVI.  296,  1  b;  XIII.  788,  2  b. 

MoNAGnAN  [mon'-a-han],  county  of  Ireland, 
XI.  733. 

Monaldeschi  [mon-al-des'-ke],  murdered  by  or¬ 
der  of  Queen  Christina,  IV.  549,  2  c. 

Monapia :  see  Man,  Isle  of. 

Monarchian  doctrine  (theology),  XII.  473,  1  b. 
Monarchians  in  the  early  church :  see  Noe- 
tians,  and  Sabellius,  XIV.  507,  1  a. 

Monas  crepusculum  (infusoria),  VII.  144,  2  a. 

Mon'astery,  XI.  734.  Refuge  of  learning  in 
the  dark  ages,  VI.  412,  1  be;  especially  the 
Irish  monasteries,  1  c. 

Monastic  bodies ,  abolition  of,  in  Italy,  Portugal, 
and  Spain,  XI.  731,  2  b. 

Monasticon  Anglicanum ,  VII.  61,  2  be. 

Monastir  [mo-nas-teer'],  town  of  European 
Turkey,  XI.  734. 

Monbeliard :  see  Montb£liard. 

Monboddo,  James  Burnet,  lord,  Scottish  jurist, 
XI.  734. 

Monbuttoo',  country  of  Africa,  XI.  734. 

Monck  [munk],  district  of  Canada,  XI.  735. 

Moncreiff  (Well wood),  Sir  Henry  [mon- 
kreef'],  Scottish  divine,  XI.  735. 

Moncton  [munk'-ton],  town  of  New  Bruns¬ 
wick,  XI.  735. 

Monday,  day  of  the  week,  XI.  735. 

Mondino  da  Luzzi  [mon-de'-no  da  loot'-se],  Ital¬ 
ian  anatomist,  I.  460,  2  b ;  XI.  348,  2  c. 

MondojJedo  [mone-£Ao-nya'-4Ao],  city  of  Spain, 
XL  735. 

Mon'dovi,  Italy,  XI.  735.  Battle  of,  2  ab. 


MONE 


MONOLEINE 


521 


Mone,  Franz  Joseph  [mo'-n&h],  German  scholar, 
XI.  735. 

Moners:  see  Protoplasm,  XIV.  33,  1  b,  ff. 
Moneta  sacra ,  on  ancient  coins,  III.  315,  1  c. 
Money,  XI.  735.  Nature  of  money,  2  c.  Dis¬ 
similar  substances  used  as  money,  736,  1  b. 
Origin  of  metallic  money,  737,  1  c.  Inven¬ 
tion  of  coinage,  2  be. — Money  in  Great  Brit¬ 
ain,  738, 1  b ;  adoption  of  gold  standard,  739, 
2  b ;  relative  value  of  gold  and  silver,  740, 
1  c.  Establishment  of  banks,  2  b. — Money 
in  America,  741,  1  b.  Financial  condition 
of  American  colonies,  1  be;  under  the  con¬ 
tinental  congress,  2  c.  Banks  in  the  United 
States,  742,  2  b. — Amount  in  circulation, 
743,  2  c;  744,  1  a.  Money  of  account,  744, 
1  b.  Theory  of  money,  2  be. 

Money ,  Indian,  II.  412,  2  b. 

Money  order  system ,  in  England,  XIII.  749, 
1  c ;  in  the  United  States,  753,  2  c. 
Monferrato  [mon-fair-ra'-to] :  see  Montferrat. 
Monge,  Gaspard  [monfrzh],  French  mathema¬ 
tician,  XI.  745.  Mirage  explained  by,  XI. 
628,  2  c. 

Monghir  [mon-gheer'],  town  of  India,  XI.  746. 
Mongo  John:  see  Canot,  III.  720,  2  c. 

Mongol ,  origin  of  the  name,  VII.  672, 1  a;  XV. 
576,  1  b. 

Mongolia,  country  of  Asia,  XI.  746.  Surface, 

1  c.  Divisions  and  tribes,  2  a.  Animals, 

2  b.  Soil  and  climate,  2  c.  Inhabitants,  747, 

1  a.  Religion,  2  b.  Trade,  2  c.  Language, 

748,  1  a.  History,  ib. 

Mongolians,  VI.  758,  1  b ;  XI.  747,  1  a ;  XVI. 
42,  1  c. 

Mongous  [mon-goos'J :  see  Ichneumon,  IX.  157, 

2  c ;  Cobra  de  Capello,  IV.  772,  2  be  (mon¬ 
goose)  ;  and  Lemur,  X.  339,  1  c. 

Monhe'gan ,  Maine,  settlement  of,  XVI.  151, 1  b. 
Mon'ica,  mother  of  St.  Augustine,  II.  112,  1  b. 
Moniteau  [mon-e-to'],  county,  XI.  748. 
Monitor,  reptile,  XI.  748.  Nilotic  monitor, 

749,  1  a  (ill.). 

Monitor:  see  Iron-clad  Snips,  IX.  381,  1  a, 
385,  1  a. 

Monitorial  system ,  in  schools,  II.  498,  1  c. 
Monjuich ,  Mount  [mone-khweech/],  II.  303,  1  c. 

Fort  of,  2  c. 

Monk  :  see  Monachism. 

Monk,  George,  duke  of  Albemarle,  English 
general,  XI.  749.  Effects  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.,  750,  1  ab. 

Monk,  James  Henry,  author,  XI.  750. 
Monkfish ,  I.  493,  1  b. 


Monk  saki  (monkey),  XI.  751,  2  c. 

Monkey,  XI.  750.  New  world  monkeys,  2  a,  ff. 
Howlers,  2  ab.  Brown  howler,  or  araguato, 
2  c  (ill.).  Sapajous,  'ib.  Coaita,  ib.  (ill., 
751).  Spider  monkey,  751,  1  a.  Horned 
sapajou,  1  b.  Capuchin  monkey,  1  c  (ill.). 
Squirrel  monkey,  2  a.  Couxio  or  black  saki, 
2  c.  Monk  saki,  ib.  Cacajao  or  black-headed 
saki,  ib.  (ill.).  Yarke,  752,  1  a. — Old  world 
monkeys,  ib.  Capped  monkey,  1  b.  King 
monkey,  1  be.  Proboscis  monkey,  1  c  (ill.). 
Cochin-China  monkey,  2  a.  Entellus,  2  c 
(ill.).  Varied  monkey,  ib.  Diana  monkey, 
753,  1  a  (ill.).  Mangabeys,  1  b ;  white-eye¬ 
lid  do.,  lbc.  Green  monkey,  1  b.  Malbrouck, 
ib.  Of  the  eocene  and  miocene  periods,  1  c. 
— Fox-nosed  monkeys,  lion-tailed,  &c. :  see 
Lemur,  and  Macaque.  The  only  wild  mon¬ 
keys  in  Europe,  VII.  799,  2  b. 

Monkey  bread ,  fruit,  II.  290,  1  b. 

Monkey  cap,  of  a  plant,  III.  223,  2  c. 

Monkey  grass :  see  Palm,  XIII.  21,  2  c. 

Monks  of  St.  Basil :  see  Basilian  Monks. 
Monkshood  :  see  Aconite,  I.  68,  1  a. 
Monmouth  [mon'-muth],  county,  XI.  753. 
Monmouth,  city  of  Illinois,  XI.  753. 
Monmouth,  town  of  England,  XI.  753. 
Monmouth,  Battle  of,  XI.  754.  See  Lafayette, 

X.  96,  1  b  ;  Lee,  Charles,  301,  1  b. 
Monmouth,  Geoffrey  of :  see  Geoffrey. 
Monmouth,  James  Scott,  duke  of,  XI.  754. 
Monmouthshire,  county  of  England,  XI.  755. 
Monnard,  Charles  [muh-nar],  Swiss  author, 

XI.  755. 

Monnier,  Henri  Bonaventure  [nmh-nya] , 
French  author,  XI.  755. 

Monnier,  Marc,  author,  XI.  755. 

Monnier,  Sogjhie,  marchioness  de,  XI.  623,  2  a,  be. 
Monnier' s  method ,  in  copper  smelting,  V. 326, 2  a. 
Mono,  county,  XI.  755.  Lake,  2  c ;  III.  601, 1  c. 
Monoc'acy  river ,  Maryland,  XI.  221,  2  be; 
XIII.  773,  2  c. 

Monod,  Jean  [mhh-no],  French  clergyman,  XI. 
756.  Frederic  Joel  Jean  Gerard,  1  a.  Adolphe 
Frederic  Theodore,  1  b. 

Mon'odon  (zoology),  XII.  148,  1  b.  M.  mono- 
ceros,  1  c. 

Monodo'ra  myris'tica  (botany),  XII.  543,  2  ab. 
Monody :  see  Chant,  IV.  265,  1  a. 

Monogatari,  in  Japanese  literature,  IX.  557,  2  c. 
Monogenic  elements ,  chemical,  II.  87,  2  a ;  88,  2  a. 
Monogram,  XI.  756  (ills.). 

Monoleine  [mon-o'-le-inj,  (chemistry),  XII.  614, 
2  b. 


522 


MONOLITH 


MONTCALM 


Monolith ,  largest  known,  X.  183,  2  ab. 

Monomania  :  see  Insanity,  IX.  302,  1  be,  2  a. 

Mono'na,  county,  XI.  756. 

Monongaiie'la  Kiver,  XI.  756. 

Monongalia,  county,  XI.  757. 

Monophy' odonts,  division  of  mammals,  XV. 
607,  1  a. 

Monoph'ysites,  religious  sect,  XI.  757.  See 
Eutyches  ;  Monothelites  ;  Byzantine  Em¬ 
pire,  III.  514,  1  b-c,  2  a ;  and  VIII.  800,  1  a. 

Monophysitism ,  allusion  to,  I.  586,  1  b. 

Monopleura ,  bivalves,  IV.  237,  2  b. 

Monop'oli,  town  of  Italy,  XI.  758. 

Monotii'elites,  religious  sect,  XI.  758.  See 
Byzantine  Empire,  III.  514,  1  c,  515,  1  a; 
Eutyches,  VI.  791,  2  a;  and  VIII.  800,  1  a. 

Monotrem'ata,  order  of  implacental  mammals, 
XI.  758 ;  XII.  709,  1  c. 

Monreale  [-ra-a'-la],  town  of  Sicily,  XI.  758. 

Monro,  Alexander  [mun-ro'],  English  anato¬ 
mist,  XI.  759. 

Monroe,  name  of  seventeen  counties,  XI.  759. 

Monroe,  city  of  Michigan,  XI.  761. 

Monroe ,  county  seats,  VIII.  225, 1  c;  XII.  738, 
1  b ;  XVI.  Ill,  2b;  444,  2  a. 

Monroe,  James,  president  of  the  United  States, 
XI.  761.  In  congress,  2  b.  U.  S.  senator, 

.  762,  1  a.  Minister  to  France,  ib. ;  recalled, 
1  b,  I.  91,  2  b.  Governor  of  Virginia,  XI. 
762,  1  b,  2  a.  Envoy  to  France,  1  b.  Min¬ 
ister  to  England  and  to  Spain,  1  be.  Secre¬ 
tary  of  state  and  of  war,  2  a.  President,  2  b. 
Era  of  good  feeling,  763,  1  a.  Beelected, 
1  ab.  Missouri  compromise,  1  b.  Monroe 
doctrine,  ib.  Characterization,  1  c.  Liber¬ 
ation  of  Paine  obtained  by  him,  XII.  792,  2  c. 

Monrovia,  capital  of  Liberia,  X.  397,  1  ab. 

Mons  [mongs],  city  of  Belgium,  XI.  763. 

Monseigneur  [mong-sa-nyur],  title,  XI.  763. 

Monserrat',  mountain  of  Spain,  XI.  763. 

Monserrat :  see  Montserrat,  island. 

Mons  Jovis ,  Juda'icus ,  II.  303,  1  c. 

Mons  Maledictus ,  Medius  :  see  Montmedy. 

Mons  Meg ,  a  cannon,  VI.  406,  1  a. 

Mons  Setius ,  IV.  217,  2  c. 

Mousey s :  see  Munsees. 

Monsieur  [muh-se-uli],  title,  XI.  764. 

Monsignore  [mone-se-nyo'-ra],  title,  III.  748, 
2c;  749,  1  a. 

Monsoon',  a  wind,  XI.  764 ;  XVI.  658,  1  c ; 
II.  526,  1  b. 

Monster  (monstrous  birth),  XI.  764.  Hun¬ 
garian  sisters,  765,  2  a.  Carolina  sisters,  ib. 
Siamese  twins,  2  c  (ill.,  766).  Frequency  of 


monstrosities,  766,  2  be.  Hereditary  mon¬ 
strosity,  2  c.  See  Teratology. 
Monstrelet,  Enguerrand  de  [mong-struh-la], 
French  chronicler,  XI.  767. 

Montagnais  [mong-ta-nya] :  see  Nascapees. 
Montagnards  [mong-ta-nyar]  :  see  Mountain , 
political  party  (Index). 

Mon'tagu,  Basil,  English  lawyer,  XI.  767. 
Montagu,  Edward  Wortley,  author,  XI.  767. 
Montagu,  Elizabeth,  authoress,  XI.  767. 
Montagu,  Lady  Mary  Wortley,  authoress,  XL 
767.  See  Pope,  Alexander,  XIII.  709,  1  b. 
Montague  [mon'-ta-gu],  county,  XI.  768. 
Montague,  Charles,  earl  of  Halifax,  British 
statesman,  XI.  768. 

Montaigne,  Michel,  seigneur  de  [mong-tainy’], 
French  author,  XI.  769;  811,  1  c. 
Montalant,  Mlle.[mong-ta-lang] :  seeDAMOREAu. 
Montalembert,  Marc  Bene  de,  marquis  [mong- 
ta-lang-bair],  French  engineer,  XI.  770. 
Charles  Forbes  Bend  de,  count,  statesman, 
1  c;  X.  84,  1  b  ;  126,  1  a. 

Montalto,  Cardinal  (Pope  Sixtus  V.),  XV.  74, 1  b. 
Montalvan',  Juan  Perez  de,  Spanish  dramatist, 
XI.  771. 

Montana  [mon-ta'-na],  territory,  XI.  771.  In¬ 
dians,  2  b.  Physical  features,  2  c.  Geology 
and  minerals,  772,  2  ab.  Climate,  773,  1  b. 
Productions,  2  a.  Agriculture,  2  b.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  &c.,  774,  1  b.  History,  2  b. 
Montafia  [mone-ta'-nya],  plains,  XIII.  335,  2  c. 
Montanelli,  Giuseppe,  Italian  revolutionist, 
XI.  774. 

Mon'tanists,  religious  sect,  XI.  775. 
Monta'nus  :  see  Montanists. 

Montanus,  Arias  :  see  Arias  Montanus. 
Montargis  [mong-tar-zheece],  town  of  France, 
XI.  775.  Dog  of  Montargis,  2  a. 

Montasals,  Mohammedan  rationalists,  XI.  697, 

1  c. 

Montauban  [mong-to-bang],  France,  XI.  775. 
Montbar  [mong-bar],  buccaneer,  III.  375,  1  c. 
Montbeliard  [mong-ba-lyar],  France,  XI.  775. 
Mont  Blano  [mong  blang],  highest  of  the  Alps, 
XI.  775  (ill.,  776) ;  I.  351,  2  c,  352,  2  c.  See 
IV.  245,  2  a  (ill.).  Glaciers  of,  ib. ;  I.  352, 

2  ab. 

Montbrison  [mong-bre-zong],  town  of  France, 
XI.  776. 

Montcalm  [mont-kam'j,  county,  XI.  776. 
Montcalm  [Fr.  mong-kalm],  county  of  Canada, 
XI.  777. 

Montcalm  de  Candiao  :  see  Candiac. 
Montcalm  de  Saint- Veran,  Louis  Joseph, 


MONT  CENTS 


MONTJOYE 


523 


marquis  de  [mong-kalm  dti.li  sang-va-rang], 
French  soldier,  XI.  777. 

Mont  Cenis:  see  Cenis. 

Mont  de  Marsan  [mo"8  dtih  mar-sang],  town  of 
France,  XI.  777. 

Mont  de  Piete  [pya-ta],  XI.  777.  Oldest  in 
Europe,  VII.  119,  2  c. 

Monte ,  Gian  Maria  del  [mon'-ta],  (Pope  Julius 
III.),  IX.  712,  1  b. 

Montebello,  Italy,  battle  of,  XI.  778. 

Monte  Casino:  see  Casino  (Index). 

Monte  Cerboli  [chair'-bo-le],  Tuscany,  III.  96, 2  a. 

Monte  del  Ilacho  [a'-cho],  ancient  Abyla,  IV. 
218,  2  ab. 

Monte  Minar do,  volcano,  Sicily,  VI.  762,  1  c. 

Monte  San  Giuliano,  VI.  722,  1  a  (Eryx). 

Monte  di  Sant ’  Oreste  :  see  Soracte. 

Monte  di  San  Silvestro :  see  Soracte. 

Monte  Solar o ,  in  Capri,  III.  760,  2  ab. 

Montecuccoli :  see  Montecucijli. 

Monteououli,  Raimondo,  count  [mon-ta-koo'- 
koo-le],  Austrian  general,  XI.  778. 

Montefiore,  Sir  Moses  [-fe-o'-re],  Jewish  phi¬ 
lanthropist,  XI.  779. 

Montegut,  Emile  [mong-ta-gu],  French  author, 
XI.  779. 

Montelimart  [-le-mar],  France,  XI.  799. 

Montello ,  county  seat,  XI.  186,  2  a. 

Montemayor ,  Jorgede  [mone-ta-ma-y ore'], Span¬ 
ish  poet,  XIII.  743,  1  a;  XV.  221,  1  a. 

Montemolin,  Count  of  [-mo-leen'J :  see  Carlos 
III.,  III.  793,  1  c. 

Montemorelos  :  see  Morelos. 

Monten,  Dietrich,  German  artist,  XI.  779. 

Montenegro  [mon-ta-na'-gro],  principality  of 
European  Turkey,  XI.  779.  History,  780, 1  c. 

Montepin,  Xavier  Aymon  de  [mong-ta-pang], 
French  author,  XI.  780. 

Montepulciano  [mon-ta-pool-cha'-no],  wine,  IX. 
468,  2  a. 

Monterey  [mon-ta-ra'],  county  of  California, 
XI.  780.  Town,  781,  1  ab. 

Monterey ,  county  seat,  VIII.  722,  2  b. 

Monterey,  city  of  Mexico,  XI.  781.  Battle,  1  c. 

Montesano  [-sa'-no],  county  seat,  IV.  354,  1  b. 

Montespan,  Fran<?oise  Ath6nais  de  Rochechou- 
art  de  Mortemart,  marquise  de  [dtih  mong-tes- 
pang],  mistress  of  Louis  XIV.,  XI.  781. 

Montesquieu,  Charles  de  Secondat,  baron  de 
[mong-tes-kytih],  French  philosopher,  XI.  781. 
On  political  economy,  XIII.  667,  2  b. 

Monteverde,  Claudio  [mon-ta-vair'-da],  Italian 
composer,  XI.  782;  XII.  90,  1  ab. 

Montevideo  [Sp.  mone-ta-ve-^a'-o],  capital  of 


Uruguay,  XI.  782  (view).  Origin  of  name, 
2  b  ;  XIII.  597,  1  a. 

Montez,  Lola :  see  Lola  Montez. 

Montezu'ma,  two  emperors  of  Mexico,  XI. 

783.  Montezuma  I.,  2  c.  Montezuma  II., 

784,  1  ab;  V.  385,  2  be,  ff. 

Montezuma ,  county  seat,  XIII.  797,  1  c. 
Montfaucon,  Bernard  de  [mong-fo-kong],  French 

scholar,  XI.  784. 

Montferrat',  territory  of  Italy,  XI.  784. 
Mont'fort,  Jean  (IV.)  de  [Fr.  mong-for],  duke 
of  Brittany,  XI.  784. 

Montfort ,  Mathilde  de,  V.  790,  1  ab.  See 
Bonaparte,  III.  29,  2  b. 

Montfort,  Simon  de,  French  soldier,  XI.  785. 
His  barbarities,  1  be ;  III.  777,  1  ab.  Simon 
de,  earl  of  Leicester,  XI.  785,  2  a. 
Montgolfier,  Stephen  and  Joseph  [mong-gul- 
fya] :  see  Aeronautics,  I.  145,  2  c. 
Montgomerie  charter,  of  New  York,  XII.  408,  2  c. 
Montgomery  [mont-gum'-e-re],  name  of  eight¬ 
een  counties,  XI.  785. 

Montgomery,  capital  of  Alabama,  XI.  787. 

State  capitol,  788,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Montgomery,  county  seat,  XI.  786,  2  c. 
Montgomery,  James,  English  poet,  XI.  788. 
Montgomery,  Richard,  American  general,  XI. 
789. 

Montgomery,  Robert,  English  poet,  XI.  789. 
Montgomeryshire,  county  of  Wales,  XI.  789. 
Month,  XI.  789  ;  III.  578,  2  c.  Lunar  month, 
XI.  789,  2  b,  798,  2  c;  sidereal,  799,  1  a; 
synodic,  ib.  Calendar  months,  789,  2  be. 
Montholon,  Charles  Tristan,  count,  afterward 
marquis  de  [mong-ttih-long],  French  soldier, 
XI.  789 ;  III.  49,  1  b,  c. 

Montholon- Semonville  [-sa-mong-veel] :  see  Mon¬ 
tholon. 

Monthyon  :  see  Montyon. 

Monti,  Vincenzo,  Italian  poet,  XI.  790;  IX. 
464,  1  a. 

Monticello,  home  of  Jefferson,  IX.  589,  2  a. 
Monticello,  county  seats,  VI.  263,  2  b ;  IX. 
571,  1  b ;  586,  2  b  ;  X.  230,  1  b ;  383,  2  a ; 
XIII.  494, 1  c  ;  XV.  451,  1  b ;  XVI.  519,  2  b ; 
602,  2  be. 

Montigny,  Rose  Marie  Cizos  Lemoine  [mong-te- 
nye] :  see  Cheri. 

Monti  Rossi ,  double  hill,  VI.  762,  1  c,  2  ab. 
Montijo,  Eugenie  Marie  de  [Fr.  mong-te-zbo ; 
Sp.  mone-te'-kho],  wife  of  Napoleon  III.,  III. 
55,  1  a;  50,  2  c. 

Montjoye  Saint  Denis  [mong-zhwa  sang  dtih-ne], 
French  war  cry,  VI.  9,  2  a. 


524 


MONTLOSIER 


MOORE 


Montlosier ,  Be  [duh  mong-luh-ze-a],  (Francois 
Dominique  de  Reynaud,  count,  1755-1838), 
his  services  to  geology  (on  the  volcanoes  of 
Auvergne,  1789)  referred  to,  XII.  9,  1  b. 

Montluqon  [mdng-lu.-song],  France,  XI.  790. 

Montmagny  [mong-ma-nye],  county  of  Canada, 
XI.  790. 

Montmartre,  hill  [mong-martr’] :  see  Paris, 
XIII.  79,  1  a.  Origin  of  name,  89,  2  ab. 
Votive  church  upon,  85,  2  ab.  Boulevard 
Montmartre,  79,  2  a,  b. 

Montmedy  [mong-ina-de],  France,  XI.  790. 

Montmorenci ,  river:  see  Montmorency. 

Montmorency,  county  of  Michigan,  XI.  791. 

Montmorency,  county  of  Canada,  XI.  791. 

Montmorency  [Fr.  mong-muh-rang-se],  river  of 
Canada,  XI.  791.  Falls,  1  ab. 

Montmorency,  town  of  France,  XI.  791. 

Montmorency,  French  feudal  family,  XI.  791. 
Anne,  duke  de,  2  a.  Henri  II.,  duke  de,  2  c. 
Matthieu  Jean  Felicite,  viscount,  and  duke 
de  Montmorency-Laval,  792,  1  a. 

Montmorency,  Francois  de:  see  Bottteville. 

Montmorency -Nivelle,  line  of,  XII.  469,  2  b. 
Philip  II.  de :  see  Horn,  count. 

Montorsoli ,  Angelo  da ,  sculptor,  I.  586,  2  b. 

Montour  [mon-toor'J,  county,  XI.  792. 

Montpelier  [mont-pe'-lyer],  capital  of  Ver¬ 
mont,  XI.  792.  State  capitol,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Montpellier  [mong-pa-lya],  city  of  France,  XI. 
793.  Edict  of  Montpellier,  1  c. 

Montpensier,  Anne  Marie  Louise  d’Orleans, 
duchess  of  [mong-pang-se-a],  French  princess, 
XI.  793;  X.  212,  2  b. 

Montpensier,  Antoine  Marie  Philippe  Louis 
d’Orleans,  duke  de,  French  prince,  XI.  793. 

Montrachet  [mong-tra-sha],  wine,  VII.  413,  1  c. 

Montreal  [munt-re-awl' ;  Fr.  Montreal ,  moDg- 
tra-al],  city  of  Canada,  XI.  794  (view).  Ori¬ 
gin  of  name,  2  ab ;  IV.  41,  1  ab. 

Montreux  [mong-truh],  commune  of  Switzer¬ 
land,  XI.  796.  Village,  2  a. 

Montrevel,  marshal  de  [mong-truh-vel],  his  cruel 
treatment  of  the  Camisards,  III.  657,  2  b. 

Montrose',  seaport  of  Scotland,  XI.  796. 

Montrose,  county  seat,  XV.  494,  1  a. 

Montrose,  James  Graham,  marquis  of,  Scotch 
soldier,  XI.  796. 

Montross ,  county  seat,  XVI.  569,  1  b. 

Mont  Royal  [mong  rwa-yal],  (Montreal),  IV.  41, 
1  ab;  XI.  794,  2  ab. 

Mont  St.  Michel  [sang  me-shSl],  tumulus  of,  at 
Carnac,  IV.  6,  1  c. 

Montserrat',  island,  West  Indies,  XI.  797. 


Montserrat ,  monastery  of,  II.  520,  1  c.  See 
Monserrat. 

Montsoreau ,  countess  of  [mong-suh-ro] :  see  Bus- 
sy  d’Amboise,  III.  485,1  a. 

Montucla,  Jean  Etienne  [mong-tu-kla],  French 
mathematician,  XI.  797. 

Mont  yon,  Antoine  Jean  Baptiste  Robert  Auget, 
baron  de  [mong-te-6"g],  philanthropist,  XI.  797. 

Monument ,  the ,  London,  X.  606,  2  b. 

Monumentum  Ancyranum,  I.  470,  1  c. 

Monza,  city  of  Italy,  XI.  798.  Iron  crown,  1  c. 

Mood,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  b. 

Moodie,  Mrs.  Susannah,  English  authoress,  XV. 
424,  2  b. 

Moody,  county,  XI.  798. 

Mooltan',  city  of  India,  XI.  798.  Tomb  of 
Rookum  Alum,  2  b  (ill.). 

Moon,  XI.  798.  Shape  and  diameter,  2  c.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  the  earth,  and  revolution  round 
it,  ib.  Mean  synodical  revolution,  ib.  Side¬ 
real  and  synodic  month,  799,  1  a.  Positions 
and  phases,  ib.  Full  moon  (ill.  from  pho¬ 
tograph),  1  c.  Shape  of  her  orbit,  and  her 
librations,  1  c,  2  a.  Irregular  motions  at  dif¬ 
ferent  seasons,  2  b.  Nodes,  2  be.  Perigee, 
2  c.  Apsides,  ib.  Moon’s  surface,  800,  1  a; 
at  first  quarter  (ill.  from  photograph),  1  c. 
Mountain  peaks,  ib.  Lunar  photographs,  2  b. 
Moon’s  mass,  2  c.  Lunar  parallax,  801,  1  b. 
Lunar  heat,  discovery  of,  371,  2  b ;  measure¬ 
ment  of,  II.  666,  2  b;  influence  on  the  earth’s 
temperature,  XI.  433,  2  b.  Moon’s  accelera¬ 
tion,  I.  55,  2  c.  Spherical  domain  of  earth 
and  moon,  XIII.  570,  2  a.  See  Tides,  XV. 
738,  2  a,  739,  2  ab. 

Moon  fish,  XV.  481,  1  b. 

Moonwort ,  sporangia  of,  VII.  150,  2  c. 

Moorcock,  bird,  XIV.  61,  1  c. 

Moorcroft,  William,  English  traveller,  XI.  801. 

Moore,  two  counties,  XI.  801. 

Moore,  Alfred,  American  jurist,  XI.  801. 

Moore,  Benjamin,  bishop,  XI.  801.  Clement 
Clarke,  scholar,  2  b. 

Moore,  Edward,  English  poet,  XI.  801. 

Moore,  Henry,  Irish  clergyman,  XI.  802. 

Moore,  Jacob  Bailey,  American  author,  XI. 
802.  George  Henry,  author,  1  c.  Frank, 
editor,  ib. 

Moore,  John,  Scottish  author,  XI.  802. 

Moore,  Sir  John,  British  general,  XI.  802;  V. 
388,  1  c. 

Moore,  Nathaniel  F.,  American  scholar,  XI.  803. 

Moore,  Richard  Channing,  bishop,  XI.  803. 

Moore,  Thomas,  Irish  poet,  XI.  803. 


MOORE 


MORGAN 


525 


Moore,  Zephaniah  Swift,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XI.  804 ;  I.  424,  1  a. 

Moorefeld ,  county  seat,  VIII.  455,  2  c. 

Moore's  test  of  urine ,  VI.  66,  2  be. 

Moor  Fowl  :  see  Ptarmigan. 

Moorish  architecture ,  I.  661,  2  c. 

Moors,  race,  XI.  804.  Spanish  tribute  of 
maidens  abolished,  I.  295,  2  a. 

Moor's  Indian  charity  school ,  V.  695,  2  b. 

Moorshedabad',  town  of  India,  XI.  805. 

Mooruk',  bird,  XI.  805  (ill.). 

Moorzooh ',  capital  of  Fezzan,  VII.  172,  2  a. 

Moose:  see  Elk,  VI.  539,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Moosehead  Lake,  Maine,  XI.  805. 

Moose  Wood:  see  Maple,  XI.  139,  1  c,  and 
XVI.  615,  2  ab. 

Moqtjis  [mo'-kees],  Indian  tribe,  XI.  806. 

Moquette  [mo-ket'],  carpet,  IV.  21,  2  c. 

Mora,  county,  XI.  806. 

Mora ,  county  seat,  XI.  806,  2  a. 

Mora,  Alberto  de  (Pope  Gregory  VIII.),  VIII. 
244,  2  be. 

Mora  stones ,  XVI.  218,  2  ab. 

Moradabad',  town  of  India,  XI.  806. 

Moraines,  in  glaciers,  VII.  828,  2  be. 

Morales,  Luis  de  [mo-ra'-lace],  Spanish  painter, 
XI.  806. 

Morality ,  a  form  of  the  drama,  VI.  246,  1  be. 
See  Miracles  and  Moralities. 

Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  806.  Elements  of,  2  c. 
Science  of  ethics,  807, 2  ab.  Christian  ethics, 
2  c.  Among  the  Greeks,  808,  1  a;  among 
the  early  Christians,  810,  2  a ;  mediaeval,  2  c; 
in  the  16th  and  17th  centuries,  811,  1  c;  in 
the  18th  century,  812,  1  ab;  from  close  of 
the  18th  to  the  present  day,  2  c;  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  815,  2  a. 

Moral  plays,  so  styled,  XI.  626,  1  a;  628,  1  b. 

Moran',  Thomas,  American  artist,  XI.  816. 
Peter,  1  c.  Edward,  2  a. 

Morat  [muh-ra],  town  of  Switzerland,  XI.  816. 
Lake,  2  ab. 

Morat  a,  Olympia  Fulvia  [mo-ra'-ta],  Italian 
scholar,  XI.  816. 

Moratin,  Nicolas  Fernandez  [mo-ra-teen'], 
Spanish  poet,  XI.  816.  Leandro  Fernandez 
de,  dramatist,  2  c. 

Moravia,  margraviate  of  Austria,  XL  817. 
History,  2  b. 

Moravians,  religious  denomination,  XI.  818. 
History,  1  a.  Church  polity,  819,  1  b;  820, 
lb.  Doctrines,  820, 1  a.  Numerical  strength, 
1  c.  Schools,  2  a.  Missions,  2  ab.  In  Amer¬ 
ica,  1  c ;  XV.  227,  1  c.  Time  of  celebrating 


communion,  X.  640,  2  a;  self-communion  of 
the  clergy,  2  c. 

Morawa  [mo-ra'-va],  river:  see  March. 

Mo'ray,  Earl  of:  see  Murray,  James  Stuart. 

Moray,  Sir  Robert :  see  Murray. 

Morayshire  :  see  Elginshire. 

Morazan,  Francisco  [mo-ra-san'],  last  presi¬ 
dent  of  Central  America,  XI.  821. 

Morbihan  [mor-be-ang],  department  of  France, 
XI.  821. 

Morchella  [mor-kel'-la],  (botany),  VII.  532, 
1  be.  M.  esculenta,  XI.  824,  2  ab  (ill.).  M. 
semilibera,  825,  1  a. 

Mordants,  XI.  821.  See  Dyeing,  VI.  339, 1  c, 
340,  1  ab;  Calico  Printing,  III.  595,  1  c. 
Methods  of  preparing  and  applying,  596,  2  b. 

Mordaunt,  Charles:  see  Peterborough,  Earl  of. 

Mordvins,  Finnish  race,  XI.  821 ;  VII.  206,  2  c. 

More,  Sir  Anthony :  see  Moro. 

More,  Hannah,  English  authoress,  XI.  822. 

More,  Henry,  philosopher,  XI.  822.  Deferred 
to,  XIII.  440,  2  be. 

More,  Sir  Thomas,  statesman,  XI.  822.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VIII.  651,  1  b.  His  attacks  upon 
Tyndale,  XVI.  90,  2  a.  Implicated  in  the 
imposture  of  the  nun  of  Kent,  XI.  823,  1  be  ; 
II.  352,  2  c. 

More'a:  see  Peloponnesus. 

Moreau,  Jean  Victor  [muh-ro],  French  general, 
XI.  823. 

Moreau- Lislet,  Louis  [-le-la],  a  reviser  of  the 
Louisiana  code,  X.  547,  1  ab. 

Morecambebay  [more'-kam],  England,  X.  134, 1  b. 

Morehouse,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XI.  824. 

Morel',  fungus,  XI.  824  (ill.) ;  VII.  532,  1  be. 

Morelia  [mo-ra'-le-a],  city  of  Mexico,  XI.  825. 

Morell'  (J.  D.,  author  of  “View  of  Philosophy 
in  the  19th  Century,”  1846,  &c.),  his  defini¬ 
tion  of  philosophy,  XIII.  430,  1  b. 

Morella,  Count  de  [mo-ra'-lya] :  see  Cabrera, 
Ramon. 

Morelos  [mo-ra'-loce],  state  of  Mexico,  XI.  825. 

Morelos,  city  of  Mexico,  XI.  825. 

Morelos,  Jos6  Maria,  revolutionist,  XI.  825. 

Moreto,  Agustin  [mo-ra'-to],  Spanish  drama¬ 
tist,  XI.  826. 

Moretto,  II :  see  Bonvicino. 

Moreville,  Huqh  de ,  one  of  Becket’s  murderers, 
II.  441,  2  b. 

Morfit,  Campbell,  American  chemist,  XI.  826. 

Morgagni,  Giovanni  Battista  [mor-ga'-nye], 
Italian  anatomist,  XI.  826.  Liquid  of  Mor¬ 
gagni,  V.  535,  1  b. 

Morgan,  name  of  ten  counties,  XI.  826. 


526 


MORGAN 


MORRISANIA 


Morgan ,  county  seats,  III.  582,  2  c ;  XI.  827,  2  b. 

Morgan,  Daniel,  American  general,  XI.  827. 

Morgan,  Sir  Henry,  buccaneer,  XI.  828 ;  III. 
375,  2  ab. 

Morgan,  Lewis  Henry,  American  author,  XI. 
828. 

Morgan,  Sydney,  Lady,  Irish  authoress,  XI. 
828.  Sir  Thomas  Charles,  English  author,  2  b. 

Morgan,  William :  see  Anti-Masonry. 

Morgana  :  see  Fata  Morgana. 

Morganat'ic  Marriage,  XI.  828. 

Morganfleld ,  county  seat,  XVI.  112,  1  c. 

Morgantown ,  county  seats,  III.  455,  2  b ;  488, 
2  b ;  XI.  757,  1  b. 

Mor'garten,  Switzerland,  battle  of,  XI.  829. 

Morgen  [mor'-ghen],  German  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Morgenstern,  Christian,  painter,  XI.  829. 

Morghen,  Raffaelle  Sanzio,  Italian  engraver, 
XI.  829 ;  VI.  649,  1  c. 

Morgue  [morg],  place  for  exhibiting  unknown 
corpses,  XI.  829. 

Morhof,  Daniel  Georg  [mor'-hofe],  German 
scholar,  XI.  830. 

Moriah,  Mount:  see  Jerusalem,  IX.  614,  1  c. 

Moriche  [mo-re'-cha],  palm,  XIII.  19,  1  b. 

Morier,  James  [mo'-re-er],  English  author,  XL 
830. 

Morigia  [mo-re'- ja],  (Jacopo  Antonio,  1497- 
1546,  first  provost  of  the  Barnabites),  II. 
318,  2  c. 

Morike,  Eduard  [mo'-re-k&h],  German  poet, 
XI.  830. 

Morin  [muh-rang],  (Arthur  Jules,  born  1795, 
French  general  and  physicist,  director  from 
1852  of  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Me¬ 
tiers,  Paris),  his  experiments  in  regard  to 
friction,  VII.  491,  1  be;  XVI.  591,  2  c. 
His  apparatus  for  measuring  the  motion  of 
falling  bodies,  XI.  320,  2  b  (ill.). 

Morin  (Jean  Baptiste,  1583-1656,  called  the 
last  of  the  astrologers),  his  attempts  to  mea¬ 
sure  the  fixed  stars  accurately,  XV.  624,  2  a ; 
the  first  to  gain  sight  of  stars  in  the  day¬ 
time,  ib. 

Morine  [mo'-rin],  crystalline  substance,  VII. 
547,  1  c. 

Moriscoes ,  persecution  of  in  Spain,  XI.  805, 
1  a;  XV.  212,  2  ab,  b. 

Moritannic  acid ,  XV.  567,  1  c. 

Morlacca ,  coast  and  strait,  Adriatic,  XI.  831, 1  a. 

Morlaks,  a  Slavic  people,  XI.  831. 

Morland,  George,  English  painter,  XI.  831. 

Morley,  Henry,  author,  XI.  831. 

Morley,  John,  author,  XI.  831. 


Morley,  Thomas,  composer,  XI.  831 ;  XII.  89, 1  b. 
Mormons,  XI.  831.  Book  of  Mormon,  832, 
lb;  its  real  origin,  833,  1  b.  Establishment 
of  Mormon  church,  834,  1  ab.  Settlement 
in  Ohio,  1  be ;  in  Missouri,  2  b ;  in  Illinois, 
835,  1  b ;  in  Utah,  836,  1  be.  Introduction 
of  polygamy  by  Smith,  835,  2  b ;  revived  by 
Young,  XVI.  795,  2  a.  Church  polity  and 
doctrines,  XI.  837, 1  ab.  See  Utah.  Dissent¬ 
ing  branch  established:  see  Beaver  Islands. 
Mornay,  Philippe  de,  French  soldier,  XI.  837. 
Morny,  Charles  Auguste  Louis  Joseph  de,  duke, 
statesman,  XI.  838.  Referred  to,  XIII.  329, 

1  c ;  III.  50,  2  a. 

Moro ,  scientist,  his  views  of  geology,  VII.  688,1  c. 
Moro,  Attoni,  Flemish  painter,  XI.  838. 

Moro ,  II  (Ludovico  Sforza),  XIV.  806,  2  b  ; 
XI.  295,  2  c,  296,  1  a. 

Morocco,  sultanate  of  Africa,  XI.  838.  De¬ 
scription,  2  c.  Productions,  839,  2  b.  In¬ 
habitants,  840,  1  be.  Occupations,  841,  1  a. 
Government,  2  ab.  History,  842,  1  b. 
Morocco,  city,  XI.  842  (view,  843). 

Morocco ,  leather,  X.  271,  1  c.  Coloring  of,  I. 
366,  1  b. 

Morpeth ,  Lord:  see  Carlisle,  III.  792,  2  ab. 
Morpheus  [mor'-fuce],  in  mythology,  XI.  843. 
Morphia  :  see  Opium,  XII.  648,  1  e,  2  be. 

Bimeconate  of,  649,  1  be.  Its  action,  1  c. 
Morphine  [mor'-fin],  (synonyme  of  morphia), 
discovery  of,  I.  322,  2  a.  Its  absorption  by 
a  raw  surface,  II.  724,  1  c. 

Morphnus  (ornithology),  VI.  350,  1  b.  M.  uru- 
bitinga,  1  c  (ill.). 

Morpholoqical  characters:  see  Species,  XV. 
234,  1  b. 

Morphology  of  the  flower,  in  plants,  XIII.  588, 1  b. 
Morphy,  Paul  Charles,  American  lawyer  and 
chess  player,  XI.  844. 

Mor'rhua  (ichthyology),  IV.  792,  2  be.  M. 
Americana,  ib.  (ill.).  M.  vulgaris,  793,  1  a 
M.  tomcodus,  1  b.  M.  seglefinus,  VIII.  367, 

2  be  (ill.). 

Morris,  two  counties,  XI.  844. 

Morris,  city  of  Illinois,  XI.  844. 

Morris,  Charles,  American  naval  officer,  XI.  844. 
Morris,  George  P.,  journalist  and  poet,  XI.  844. 
Morris,  Gouverneur,  statesman,  XI.  845. 
Morris,  Lewis,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In¬ 
dependence,  XI.  845. 

Morris,  Robert,  financier,  XI.  845. 

Morris,  Thomas  A.,  bishop,  XI.  846. 

Morris,  William,  English  poet,  XI.  846. 
Morrisania ,  part  of  New  York,  XII.  374, 1  a,  c, 


MORRISBURG 


MOSENTHAL 


527 


Morrisburg,  county  seat,  VI.  313,  1  c. 

Morris  Dance,  XI.  846. 

Morrison,  county,  XI.  847. 

Morrison ,  county  seat,  XVI.  608,  2  a. 
Morrison,  Robert,  English  missionary,  XI.  847 ; 
IV.  459,  2  c. 

Morristown,  village  of  New  Jersey,  XI.  847. 

State  insane  asylum,  1  c  (ill.). 

Morristown ,  county  seat,  VIII.  410,  1  b. 
Morrisville ,  county  seat,  X.  819,  2  b. 

Morrow,  county,  XI.  848. 

Morrow,  Jeremiah,  American  statesman,  XI. 
848. 

Morse  :  see  Walrus. 

Morse,  Edward  S.,  American  naturalist,  XI. 
848.  His  investigations  into  the  nature  of 
the  annelida,  I.  533,  2  c ;  of  brachiopoda,  III. 
178,  1  a-c,  373,  2  a;  of  the  dentalium,  VI. 
21,  1  a;  of  molluscoids,  XI.  724,  2  a,  and 
XVI.  834,  2  be.  Anatomical  theory  of, 

XIII.  429, 1  ab.  (Professor  in  Japan,  1877.) 
Morse,  Jedidiah,  geographer,  XI.  848.  Sam¬ 
uel  Finley  Breese,  artist  and  inventor,  849, 
1  a.  Invention  of  the  electric  telegraph,  1  c ; 
XV.  611,  2  b :  see  Jackson,  Charles  Thomas. 
Sidney  Edwards,  journalist,  XI.  850,  1  c. 

Morse  telegraph  instrument,  XV.  612, 1  a  (ills.)  ; 
alphabet,  2  c. 

Mortality ,  rate  of,  I.  181,  2  c,  182,  1  a.  Sta¬ 
tistics  of,  in  the  U.  S.  census,  IV.  198,  1  a. 

“  Mortality,  the  great,'1'1  so  styled,  XV.  501,  2  b. 
Mortar:  see  Artillery,  I.  785,  1  b,  2  a  (ill.), 
786,  2  be ;  Cannon,  III.  706,  1  c.  Coehorn 
mortars,  707,  1  be,  I.  786,  2  c  (ill.);  13-inch 
mortar  (ill.),  791,  1  a. 

Mortar,  for  building,  IV.  181,  2  b.  Setting 
and  hardening  of,  2  c.  Ancient  mortars, 
composition  of,  186,  2  ab. 

Mortar  boat ,  XII.  187,  1  b. 

Mortgage  [mor'-ghij],  in  law,  XI.  850.  See 
Chancery,  IV.  258,  2  c. 

Mortier,  Fdouard  Adolphe  Casimir  Joseph, 
duke  of  Treviso  [mor-te-a],  French  soldier, 
XI.  852. 

“ Mortier1  s  Bible'1'1  (so  called  from  the  name  of 
its  editor) :  see  Martin,  David,  XI.  209,  2  be. 
Mortification  :  see  Gangrene. 

Mortimer,  Roger,  earl  of  March,  XI.  852; 

XIV.  314,  1  ab;  VI.  435,  1  a. 

Mortmain,  in  law,  XI.  853.  Statutes  of,  1  c, 

ff. ;  I.  434,  lb;  IV.  258,  1  c ;  V.  150,  2  a. 
Morton,  county,  XI.  854. 

Morton,  physicist,  his  investigations  and  dis¬ 
coveries  in  fluorescence,  VII.  291,  1  ab,  be. 


Morton,  James  Douglas,  earl  of,  regent  of 
Scotland,  XI.  854. 

Morton,  John,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XI.  854.  ( 

Morton,  Nathaniel,  secretary  of  Plymouth 
colony,  XI.  854. 

Morton,  Samuel  George,  American  physician, 
XI.  854.  On  human  crania,  855,  1  a ;  VI. 
753,  2  c. 

Morton,  William  Thomas  Green,  dentist,  XI. 
855.  Introduction  of  anesthetics  into  sur¬ 
gery  by  him,  1  b.  See  Anaesthetics,  I.  453? 
2  b  ;  Jackson,  Charles  Thomas,  IX.  495, 1  c ; 
and  Wells,  Horace. 

Mortuary  houses,  III.  454,  2  be.  Introduction 
of  the  system,  IX.  31,  2  c. 

Morum  prcefecti :  see  Censor,  IV.  191,  1  b. 
Morus  (ornithology),  III.  73,  1  a. 

Morus  (botany),  XII.  28,  2  a.  M.  rubra,  2  ab. 
M.  nigra,  2  c  (ill.).  M.  alba,  29,  1  b ;  mul- 
ticaulis,  1  c.  M.  tinctoria,  VII.  547,  1  be 
(synonyme,  Maclura  tinctoria,  XII.  715, 1  a). 
Morveau:  see  Guyton  de  Morveau. 

Mosa :  see  Meuse,  river. 

Mosa'io,  a  kind  of  inlaid  work,  XI.  856. 

Mosaic  gold ,  an  alloy,  XV.  760,  1  a. 

Mosaic  law  :  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  583,  2  c. 
Mosaic  process,  for  sword  blades,  V.  653,  2  c. 
Mosander ,  chemist:  see  Erbium. 

Mosasaurus,  fossil  reptile,  XI.  857  (ill.,  858) ; 
749,  1  b. 

Moscheles,  Ignaz  [mo'- shell -less],  German  com¬ 
poser,  XI.  858. 

Moscm  [mos'-ke],  ancient  people  of  Asia,  XI. 
858  ;  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Moschus  [mos'-kus],  Greek  poet,  XI.  858. 
Moscow  [mos'-ko],  Russian  government,  XI. 
858.  Capital  city,  2  c.  The  Kremlin,  859, 
1  a,  c  (ill.) ;  sacred  gate  of  (ill.),  860.  Kitai- 
Gorod,  860,  2  a.  Bieloi  Gorod,  2  be.  Zem- 
lianoi  Gorod,  861,  1  a.  Slobodi,  1  ab.  Edu¬ 
cational  establishments,  1  c.  Commerce  and 
manufactures,  2  b.  History,  862, 1  a.  Fires 
in,  1  ab;  V.  236,  1  c;  XIV.  446,  2  c. 
“  School  of,”  in  literature,  XIV.  497,  2  c. 
Mo'sel,  river  :  see  Moselle. 

Moseley,  Henry,  English  scientific  writer,  XI. 

862. 

Moselle',  river  of  Europe,  XI.  862. 

Moselle  Wines:  see  Germany,  Wines  of,  VII. 

775,  1  c ;  sparkling,  2  ab. 

Mo'sen,  Julius,  German  poet,  XI.  862. 
Mosenthal,  Salomon  Hermann  [mo'-zen-tal], 
dramatist,  XI.  862.  (Died  1877.) 


528 


MOSER 


MOULTRIE 


Moser ,  on  roric  figures,  XIV.  427,  2  c.  Mo¬ 
ser’s  images,  428,  1  ab. 

Moser,  George  Michael,  English  enameller,  XI. 
862.  Mary  (Lloyd),  painter,  2  c. 

Moser,  Johann  Jakob,  German  jurist,  XI.  862. 
Friedrich  Karl  von  (baron),  publicist,  863, 1  a. 

Moser,  Justus,  author,  XI.  863. 

Moses  :  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  583,  1  c. 

“Moses,  a ”  (Bass-Terre  lighter),  II.  371,  2  b. 

Moses  of  Chore' ne,  Armenian  author,  I.  727,  2  a. 

Mosheim,  Johann  Lorenz  von  [moce'-hime], 
German  ecclesiastical  historian,  XI.  863. 

Moshesh ,  chief  of  the  Bassutos,  II.  372,  2  a. 

Moskva :  see  Moscow. 

Moskva,  Battle  of  the  :  see  Borodino,  III.  106, 
1  b.  Prince  of,  ib. 

Moslem  (corruption  of  Muslim) :  see  Moham¬ 
med,  XI.  694, 1  b ;  Mohammedanism,  696,  2  c. 

Mosque  [mosk],  Mohammedan  place  of  wor¬ 
ship,  XI.  863.  Mosques  in  Jerusalem,  IX. 
615,  1  a;  the  great  mosque,  1  ab  (ill.,  614). 

Mosquito  [mus-ke'-to] :  see  Gnat. 

Mosquito  Coast  :  see  Nicaragua,  XII.  424, 
1  a,  425,  2  a. 

Moss:  see  Mosses.  Black,  long,  or  Spanish, 
XV.  754,  1  a  (ill.) ;  referred  to,  I.  228,  2  b. 

Moss  agate ,  or  Mocha  stone,  I.  178,  2  ab. 

Moss  animals :  see  Bryozoa. 

Mossbunker ,  fish,  XI.  388,  2  b  (ill.). 

Mosseilama  [mos-sa-la'-ma],  leader  of  a  Moham¬ 
medan  sect,  I.  41,  1  c. 

Mosses,  XI.  863.  Leaves,  864,  1  ab.  Floral 
organs,  1  c  (ills.).  Fructification,  865,  1  b. 
Peat  moss,  2  be  (ill.).  Distribution  of  mosses, 
866,  1  ab.  Writers  on,  1  be.  Club  mosses : 
see  Lycopodium. 

Moss  locust ,  tree,  X.  572,  2  b  (ill.). 

Moss  pink ,  plant,  XIII.  450,  1  b  (ill.). 

Mossul :  see  Mosul. 

Most  Holy  Redeemer ,  congregation  of  the,  X. 
467,  2  b. 

Mostar',  capital  of  Herzegovina,  XI.  867. 

Mosul',  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  XI.  867. 

Motagua,  Rio  [re'-o  mo-ta'-gwa] :  see  Gua¬ 
temala,  VIII.  289,  2  ab. 

Motawakkel ,  last  Abbasside  caliph,  I.  7,  1  c. 

Motella  (ichthyology),  X.  506,  2  b. 

Moth,  insect,  XI.  867.  Spinners,  2  c  (ills., 
868,  869).  Owlet  moths,  869,  2  c.  Geome- 
trse,  870, 1  a.  Delta  moths,  ib.  Leaf-rollers, 
1  ab.  Tineae  (household  moths,  &c.),  1  c. — 
Fecundity  of  moths,  IX.  313, 1  be.  Instinct 
of  self-protection,  2  be.  Bee  or  wax  moth, 
II.  456,  2  b ;  467,  2  be.  Angoumois  grain 


moth,  XVI.  589,  1  c,  2  b.  Corn  moth,  1  c. 
Wheat  moth,  ib.  Moth  of  the  canker  worm, 
III.  703,  1  c.  Delta  moth,  XI.  302,  1  c. 
Glaucopidian  moth,  VIII.  533,  2  b.  Hum¬ 
ming-bird  moth,  532,  2  a.  Hawk  moth,  1  c. 
Motiie  Cadillac  :  see  Cadillac. 

“  Mother ,”  of  vinegar,  XVI.  360,  1  a. 

Mother  Ann:  see  Lee,  Ann,  X.  298,  1  c. 
Mother  Carey’s  Chicken:  see  Petrel,  XIII. 
365,  2  ab. 

Mother  of  the  Gods ,  temple  of  (site),  II.  59,  2  c. 
Mother  houses ,  of  deaconesses,  V.  725,  1  c,  2  a. 
Mother  liquor ,  of  salt  brine,  III.  307,  2  be ; 
XIV.  578,  2  ab. 

Mother  of  Pearl:  see  Pearl,  XIII.  214,  2  b, 
and  V.  203,  1  c. 

Mother  of  thousands ,  plant,  XIV.  657,  1  a. 
Motherwell,  William,  Scottish  poet,  XI.  870. 
Motherwort,  plant,  XL  871  (ill.). 

Motion:  see  Mechanics,  XI.  318,  1  a,  if . ; 
IX.  99,  1  b,  be. 

Motley,  John  Lothrop,  American  historian,  XI. 

871  ;  XVI.  194,  1  a.  (Died  1877.) 

Motmot,  bird,  XI.  872  (ill.). 

Motobri  Norinaga  [mo-to-o'-re  no-re-na'-ga], 
Japanese  author,  IX.  565,  1  a. 

Motril  [mo-treel'J,  town  of  Spain,  XL  872. 
Mott,  Lucretia,  American  philanthropist, 
XII.  5. 

Mott,  Valentine,  surgeon,  XII.  5. 

Motte  Cadillac  :  see  Cadillac. 

Motteville,  Frangoise  Bertaut  de  [mut-veel], 
French  authoress,  XII.  6. 

Mottez,  Victor  Louis  [mut-ta],  painter,  XII.  6. 
Mott  Haven ,  part  of  New  York,  XII.  374,  1  ab. 
Mouchard ,  Marie  Anne  Frangoise  [moo-shar] : 

see  Beauharnais,  Fanny. 

Moufette ,  animal,  referred  to,  II.  212,  1  c. 
Moufflon  :  see  Sheep,  XIV.  836,  2  ab. 

Mould,  Jacob  Wrey,  American  architect,  XII.  6. 
Moulding  flask :  see  Casting,  IV.  75,  2  c  (ill.). 
Moulding  loft :  see  Ship,  XIV.  862,  1  c. 
Moulding  pan,  in  electrotyping,  XIII.  851,  1  b. 
Moulinets  [moo-le-na],  in  fencing,  VII.  121,  2  be. 
Moulins  [moo-lang],  town  of  France,  XII.  6. 

Edict  of,  XIII.  182,  2  b;  X.  394,  1  a. 
Moulmein  [mool-main'] :  see  Maulmain. 
Moulting ,  of  fowls,  VII.  106,  1  c  ;  V.  184,  2  a. 
Moulton  [mole'-tun],  county  seat,  X.  230,  1  b. 
Moulton,  Louise  Chandler,  American  author¬ 
ess,  XII.  6. 

Moultrie  [mole'-tre],  county,  XII.  6. 

Moultrie ,  county  seat,  V.  112,  2  a. 

Moultrie,  Fort,  XII.  6. 


MOULTRIE 


MOZART 


529 


Moultrie,  William,  American  soldier,  XII.  7. 
Mound  Bird  :  see  Brush  Turkey. 
Mound-builders ,  ancient  American  race,  I.  392, 
1  be.  Sewer  constructions  of,  referred  to, 

XIV.  796,  2  ab. 

Mound  City,  county  seat,  XIV.  78,  2  a. 
Mounds  :  see  American  Antiquities. 
Moundsyille,  town  of  West  Virginia,  XII.  7. 
Mount,  William  Sidney,  American  painter, 
XII.  7. 

Mountain,  XII.  8.  Mountain  systems,  1  ab. 
Slopes,  2  b.  Orography,  2  c.  Structure  of 
mountains,  9,  2  b.  Geological  age  of,  10, 1  b. 
Mountain ,  the  ( Montagnards ),  political  party, 

VII.  388,  la;  825,  2  b. 

Mountain,  Jacob,  Canadian  bishop,  XII.  10. 

George  Jehoshaphat,  bishop,  2  a. 

Mountain  blue ,  color,  II.  757,  1  b. 

Mountain  cork :  see  Asbestus,  I.  803,  1  a. 
Mountain  house ,  in  the  Catskills,  IV.  126,  1  a. 
Mountain  leather :  see  Asbestus,  I.  802,  2  c. 
Mountain  river ,  British  America,  X.  791,  1  b. 
Mountains  of  the  Moon,  Africa,  XII.  10. 
Mountain  Sheep  Eaters ,  Indian  tribe,  XV.  6,  2  a. 
Mountain  tea  (wintergreen),  XVI.  674,  2  ab. 
Mountain  View ,  county  seat,  XV.  399,  1  c. 
Mountain  whortleberry  (June  berry),  IX.  713, 2  c. 
Mount  Auburn,  cemetery :  see  Cambridge 
(Mass.),  III.  642,  2  a.  Rounder  of,  II.  631, 1  c. 
Mount  Ayr ,  county  seat,  XIV.  338,  2  b. 

Mount  Bagistanus  :  see  Behistun. 

Mount  Carmel ,  county  seat,  XVI.  414,  2  b. 
Mount  Carroll ,  county  seat,  IV.  30,  1  c. 
Mount  Desert',  island  of  Maine,  XII.  10. 
Mount  Clemens ,  county  seat,  X.  802,  2  c. 
Mount  Everest:  see  Himalaya  Mountains, 

VIII.  732,  1  be  (ill.,  731). 

Mountford,  William,  American  clergyman, 
XII.  11. 

Mount  Gilead ,  county  seat,  XI.  848,  1  b. 
Mount  Ida ,  county  seat,  XI.  787,  1  a. 

Mount  Lebanon,  Shaker  settlement,  XII.  313, 1  a. 
Mount  Mori'ah,  Jerusalem,  IX.  614,  1  c. 

Mount  Moriah,  county  seat,  XII.  269,  2  b. 
Mount  Olive ,  county  seat,  IX.  478,  2  b. 

Mount  Olivet ,  county  seat,  XIV.  357,  1  a. 
Mount  Orgueil  castle  [or-guhy’J,  island  of  Jer¬ 
sey,  IX.  610,  2  a  (ill.). 

Mount  Pleasant,  town  of  Iowa,  XII.  11. 
Mount  Pleasant,  county  seats,  IX.  422,  1  a ; 

XV.  775,  2  b. 

Mountraille  [mown-trail'],  county,  XII.  11. 
Mount  Saint  Elias:  see  Alaska,  I.  241,  1  a. 
Mount  Seir  [se'-er],  (Edom),  VI.  409,  1  be. 

34 


Mount  Sterling,  county  seats,  III.  335, 1  a;  XI. 
787,  1  b. 

Mountstuart,  Baroness,  III.  487,  2  b. 

Mount  Tabor-,  Bohemia,  XVI.  829,  2  c. 

Mount  Tabor,  county  seat,  XV.  467,  2  be. 

Mount  Vernon,  homo  of  Washington,  XII. 
11  (ill.).  Origin  of  the  name,  XVI.  483, 1  ab. 

Mount  Vernon,  city  of  Ohio,  XII.  12.  Town 
of  Indiana,  1  c. 

Mount  Vernon,  county  seats,  IX.  587,  2  c ;  X. 
32,  2  a;  231,  la;  XI.  786,  2  ab ;  XIII.  747, 
2  a;  XIV.  367,  1  be. 

“  Mount  Vernon  Papers :  ”  see  Everett,  Ed¬ 
ward,  VI.  800,  2  a. 

Mount  Wingen  (Burning  Mountain),  Australia, 
III.  290,  2  c. 

Mourning,  XII.  12.  In  ancient  times,  1  c;  in 
modern,  13,  1  a«  “Second  mourning,”  2  b. 
Court  mourning,  2  c.  Public  mourning,  ib. 

Mouse,  animal,  XII.  14.  Murine  group,  1  b. 
House  mouse,  1  c  (ill.).  Albino  or  white 
mice,  2  a;  singing,  ib.  European  harvest 
mouse,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  American,  15,  1  a.  Ameri¬ 
can  mice,  14,  2  c.  Deer  mouse,  15, 1  be  (ill.). 
Hamster  mouse,  VIII.  433,  2  ab.  Jumping 
mouse,  IX.  606,  1  b.  See  Meadow  Mouse. 

Mouse  deer ,  so  styled,  XII.  95,  2  c. 

Mouse-ear ,  plant,  VII.  320,  1  a. 

JTowssew:c[moos-shh],  (champagne),  VII.  41 3,2  b. 

Mouton,  Georges  [moo-tong] :  see  Lobau. 

Moutouck,  insect,  XI.  292,  1  a. 

Movable  plugs,  in  heart  and  brain  disease,  VIII. 
561,  2  c;  III.  198,  2  a. 

Movement  cure ,  origin  of,  X.  506,  2  c. 

Movers,  Franz  Karl  [mo'-verce],  German  ori¬ 
entalist,  XII.  15. 

Mow att  (Ritchie),  Anna  Cora,  American  au¬ 
thoress  and  actress,  XII.  15. 

Mower,  county,  XII.  16. 

Mowing  and  Reaping  Machines;  XII.  16  (ills.). 

Moxa,  a  counter-irritant,  XII.  18;  I.  773,  2  c. 

Moxos  [mo'-khoce],  South  American  Indians, 
XII.  18;  III.  10,  2  b.  See  Maipures. 

Moxos  plain,  Bolivia,  III.  12,  2  be. 

Mozaffer  Eddin,  emir  of  Bokhara,.  II.  8;  1  ab, 

Mozambique  [mo-zam-beek'],  region  in  Africa, 
XII.  18.  Capital  city,  19,  1  a  (view). 

Mozambique  Channel,  XII.  19. 

Mozambique  current ,  IX.  244,  2  ab. 

Mozarabes,  Christians  of  Andalusia,  I.  296,  2  a. 

Mo'zart,  Johann  Georg  Leopold  [Ger.  mo'- 
tsart],  German  musician,  XII.  19.  Johannes' 
Chrysostomus  Wolfgang  Amadeus  (Wolf¬ 
gang),  composer,  2  c.  Residence  in  Vienna, 


530 


MOZIER 


MULGRAVE 


22, 1  a.  “  Marriage  of  Figaro,”  2  a.  “  Don 
Giovanni,”  2  b.  “  Magic  Flute,”  23,  1  c, 
2  be.  “Requiem,”  2  a,  ab,  c.  Number  of 
his  works,  24, 1  b.  Character  of  his  genius, 

1  c;  91,  2  b ;  92,  2  ab. 

Mozier,  Joseph  [mo'-zher],  American  sculptor, 
XII.  24. 

Mozley,  James  Bowling,  English  clergyman, 

XII.  25. 

Mozza,  torre  [tor'-ra  mot'-sa],  (leaning  tower  of 
Bologna),  III.  18,  1  a  (ill.). 

Mpongo ,  Mpongwe :  see  Gaboon.  Mpongwe 
dialect,  I.  171,  1  c. 

“  Mrs.  Pollock ,”  geranium,  "VII.  733,  1  a. 

MS.  D,  Beza’s  codex,  II.  603,  2  a. 

Mtzensk,  town  of  Russia,  XII.  25. 

Muahids :  see  Druses,  YI.  272,  2  b. 

Mucilage ,  gummy  substance,  VIII.  320,  1  b. 
Mucius  Sc^evola  :  see  Sojevola. 

Muck ,  fertilizing  material,  I.  196,  1  ab;  XIII. 
218,  1  a. 

Muck ,  running  a :  see  Amuck. 

Muck  bar,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX.  401,  1  c. 
Mucke,  Heinrich  Karl  Anton  [muk'-k&h],  Ger¬ 
man  painter,  XII.  25. 

Muckross ,  lake :  see  Killarney,  IX.  832,  2  a. 
Mucor  mucedo ,  fungus,  XVI.  776,  2  c.  M.  ra- 
cemosus,  ib.  (ill.,  777). 

Mucosine  [mu'-ko-sin] :  see  Mucus,  XII.  25,  2  a. 
Mucous  Membrane  :  see  Membrane,  XI.  377, 

2  a ;  also  Epithelium,  Gland,  and  Intestine, 
IX.  323,  2  c.  Of  the  stomach,  XV.  396, 1  ab. 

Mucu'na  pru'riens  (botany),  V.  441,  2  b. 
Mucus,  animal  secretion,  XII.  25;  569,  2  c; 
570,  1  a. 

Mud  creeper ,  fish,  X.  556,  1  a. 

Mud  Eel:  see  Siren,  XV.  68,  l.bc. 

Mud  Fish,  XII.  25  (ill.).  Others,  X.  360,  1  b ; 
IV.  110,  1  a. 

Mud  Hen:  see  Coot,  V.  312,  2  ab. 

Mudie,  Robert,  British  author,  XII.  26. 

Mudir  [moo-deer'],  Egyptian  governor,  VI. 
456,  1  c;  457,  1  a. 

Mud  lakes ,  in  Nevada,  XII.  264,  1  be. 

Mud  puppy,  batrachian  so  styled,  XI.  391,  2  a. 
Mudsills ,  term  of  contempt,  VIII.  428,  1  c. 
Mud  theatre ,  so  styled,  I.  270,  2  a. 

Mud  volcanoes,  XVI.  399,  1  c;  of  California, 
III.  607,  1  b ;  of  Sicily,  VII.  825,  1  b ;  of 
Java,  IX.  574,  1  c. 

Muez'zin,  mosque  officer,  XII.  26  ;  XI.  698, 1  c. 
Muffle,  for  assaying,  II.  27,  1  b ;  for  pottery, 

XIII.  792,  1  c  (ill.). 

Muffling  (Friedrich  Karl  Ferdinand,  baron, 


1775-1851,  author  of  several  military  works), 
Bliicher’s  quartermaster  general,  II.  751, 1  b; 
754,  1  c;  756,  2  a. 

Mufti,  Mohammedan  officer,  XII.  26.  Grand 
mufti,  2  ab :  see  Ulema. 

Muggar  (crocodile),  VII.  611,  1  a. 

Mugge,  Theodor  [miig'-geh],  German  author, 
XII.  26. 

Muggleton,  Ludowick,  English  fanatic,  XII.  26. 
Muggletonians :  see  Muggleton. 

Mughs,  aborigines  of  Aracan,  I.  626,  2  b. 
Mugil  (ichthyology),  XII.  36,  2  a.  M.  lineatus, 
2  c  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Mugil' idee  (ichthyology),  XII.  36,  1  c. 
Muhamedes  Aractensis :  see  Albategnius. 
Muhlbach,  Luise  [mtil'-bakh] :  see  Mundt, 
Klara. 

Muhlberg  [-bairg],  Prussia,  battle  of,  XII.  27. 
Muhldorf,  Battle  of :  see  Ampfing. 
Muhlenberg,  Peter  John  Gabriel  [mu'-len- 
burg],  American  clergyman  and  general,  XII. 

27.  Henry  Melchior,  founder  of  the  German 
Lutheran  church  in  America,  1  b.  Gotthilf 
Henry  Ernst,  clergyman  and  botanist,  1  c. 
William  Augustus,  clergyman,  2  a  (died  1877). 

Muhlenburg,  county,  XII.  27. 

Muhlhausen  [mul'-how-zen],  town  of  Alsace- 
Lorraine,  XII.  27. 

Muhlhausen,  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  28. 
MuHLHEiM-ON-TnE-RniNE,  Prussia,  XII.  28. 
MuHLHEiM-oN-THE-RunR,  Prussia,  XII.  28. 
Muir,  John  [mure],  British  orientalist,  XII. 

28.  Sir  William,  governor,  1  c. 

Muk-a-mur ,  species  of  toadstool,  XV.  17,  2  b. 
Mukden  [mook-den'],  Mantchooria,  XI.  126, 2  be. 
Mukhtar  [mook'-tar],  Turkish  officer,  XVI. 

59,  1  c. 

Mulatto  :  see  Negro,  XII.  217,  1  b. 
Mulberry,  tree,  XII.  28.  Red  mulberry,  2  ab ; 
black,  2  c  (ill.) ;  white,  29,  1  b ;  paper,  2  ab 
(ill.).  Color  of  the  fruit,  legendary  theory 
respecting,  XIV.  107,  2  b.  See  Silkworm, 
XV.  44,  2  c. 

Mulberry  calculus :  see  Calculi,  III.  570,  1  b. 
Mul'der,  Gerardus  Johannes,  Dutch  chemist, 
XII.  30. 

Mule  :  see  Ass,  II.  23,  1  b,  and  IX.  102,  2  be. 
Mule  Deer:  see  Deer,  V.  760,  2  b  (ill.). 

Mule,  or  mule  jenny,  cotton-spinning  machine, 
V.  412,  1  a. 

Muley-Malek,  sultan  of  Morocco,  XIV.  742,  2  c. 
Muley- Mohammed,  sultan,  XIV.  742,  2  c. 
Mulgrave,  Constantine  John  Phipps,  lord, 
English  navigator,  XII.  30.  Henry  Phipps 


MULGRAVE 


Munich 


531 


earl  of,  and  Viscount  Normanby,  states¬ 
man,  1  c. 

Mulgraye,  John  Sheffield,  earl  of:  see  Buck¬ 
ingham,  or  Buckinghamshire,  Duke  of. 

Mulgraye  Islands,  N.  Pacific  ocean,  XII.  30. 

Mulhar  Roio  IlolJcar ,  Mahratta  leader,  IX.  254, 
1  be,  2  a. 

Millhausen :  see  MununAUSEN. 

MuLnousE  [mtil-ooz] :  see  Muhliiausen. 

Mull,  island  of  Scotland,  XII.  30. 

Mulle ,  variety  of  madder,  X.  816,  1  c. 

Mullein  [mul'-linj,  plant,  XII.  30.  Common 
mullein,  2  c  (ill.,  31).  Moth  mullein,  31, 
1  be;  white,  1  c. 

Mullein  pink ,  plant,  X.  741,  2  b. 

Mullenhoff,  Karl  Victor  [mul'-len-huf],  Ger¬ 
man  philologist,  XII.  31. 

Muller ,  August  [mul'-ler],  naturalist,  on  meta¬ 
morphosis  of  fishes,  VII.  240,  1  ab. 

Muller,  Charles  Louis  [mu-lair],  (Muller  de 
Paris),  French  painter,  XII.  31. 

Muller,  Friedrich,  German  painter  and  poet, 
XII.  31. 

Muller,  Friedrich,  German  philologist,  XII.  31. 

Muller,  Friedrich  Max,  English  philologist, 
XII.  32 ;  X.  147,  2  b  (Language). 

Muller,  George,  philanthropist,  XII.  32. 

Muller,  Gerhard  Friedrich,  Russian  historian, 
XII.  33. 

Muller,  Johann:  see  Regiomontanus. 

Muller,  Johann  Gotthard  von,  German  en¬ 
graver,  XII.  33 ;  VI.  649,  2  b.  Johann 
Friedrich  Wilhelm  (or  Christian  Friedrich 
von),  engraver,  XII.  33,  2  ab ;  VI.  649,  2  b. 

Muller,  Johann  Heinrich  Jakob,  physicist, 
XII.  33.  (Died  1875.) 

Muller,  Johannes,  physiologist,  XII.  33.  His 
classification  of  fishes,  IX.  161,  1  c.  Use  of 
the  muscles  of  the  larynx  in  the  classification 
of  birds,  XII.  708,  1  b. 

Muller,  Johannes  von,  Swiss  historian,  XII.  34. 

Muller,  Karl  Otfried,  German  archasologist, 
XII.  34.  Julius,  theologian,  35, 1  b.  Eduard, 
writer,  1  be. 

Muller,  Otto,  novelist,  XII.  35. 

Muller,  Otto  Frederik,  Danish  naturalist,  XII. 
35.  Infusorial  organisms  classified  by,  XI. 
733,  1  c. 

Muller,  Peder  Erasmus,  bishop,  XII.  35. 

Muller,  Sophie,  German  actress,  XII.  35. 

Muller,  Wilhelm,  poet,  XII.  36. 

Muller,  AVilliam  John,  English  painter,  XII.  36. 

Muller  von  Konigswinter,  Wolfgang  [fon 
ko'-niks-vin-ter],  German  poet,  XII.  36. 


Mullet,  fish,  XII.  36.  Gray  mullet,  2  ab ; 
striped,  2  c  (ill.) ;  red,  37,  1  ab ;  bearded, 
1  b  (ill.).  Fish  so  called,  1  c. 

Mullet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Mullidce  (ichthyology),  XII.  37,  1  a. 

Mullion ,  in  Gothic  architecture,  I.  664,  1  c. 

Mullner,  Amadeus  Gottfried  Adolf,  German 
dramatist,  XII.  37. 

Mullus  (ichthyology),  XII.  37,  1  ab.  M.  bar- 
batus,  1  b  (ill.),  &c. 

Mulock,  Dinah  Maria :  see  Craik. 

Mulready,  William  [mul'-red-e],  British  paint¬ 
er,  XII.  37. 

Mulso,  Hester  :  see  Chapone. 

Multan  [mool-tan'J :  see  Mooltan. 

Multani ,  a  Hindoo  dialect,  IX.  216,  2  c. 

Multeka  [mool-ta'-ka],  Mohammedan  code  of 
laws,  XVI.  57,  2  a. 

Multiple  proportions,  law  of,  II.  86,  1  a. 

Multiplier ,  Schweiger’s  (galvanic),  VII.  593, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Multno'mah,  county,  XII.  37. 

Murnhan :  see  Munster,  Ireland. 

Mumia  nativa ,  a  liquid  petroleum,  V.  683,  2  ab. 

Mummied  maize ,  &c.,  XVI.  587,  2  b. 

Mummius,  Lucius,  Roman  general,  XII.  38. 

Mummy,  XII.  38  (ill.).  Mummy  cloth,  material 
of,  II.  373,  1  b  ;  III.  513,  lb;  V.  402,  2  ab. 

Mummy  wheat ,  XVI.  587,  2  ab. 

Mumps,  disease,  XII.  39. 

Munasihis ,  class  of  dervishes,  VI.  33,  1  c. 

Munch,  Ernst  Hermann  Joseph  von  [munch], 
German  historian,  XII.  39. 

Munch,  Friedrich,  German  author,  XII.  39. 

Munch,  Peder  Andreas  [moonch],  Norwegian 
historian,  XII.  39.  Andreas,  poet,  2  c. 

Munchausen  [-chaw'-sen] :  see  Munchhausen. 

MuNcn-BELLiNGHAusEN,  Eligius  Franz  Joseph 
von,  baron  [initnTi-beF-ling-how-zen],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  XII.  40. 

Munchen  [mun'-chen] :  see  Munich. 

MuNcimAusEN,  Hieronymus  Karl  Friedrich  von, 
baron  [munch'-how-zen],  German  soldier  and 
story  teller,  XII.  40. 

Muncie ,  county  seat,  V.  775,  2  b. 

Munda ,  tattle  of, \  XIII.  698,  2  b. 

Mundas ,  race  in  India,  IX.  214,  2  be,  c. 

Mundic ,  cubic  pyrites,  XIV.  109,  1  ab. 

Mundt,  Theodor  [moont],  German  author, 
XII.  40.  Klara  (Miiller),  author,  2  c. 

Munfordsville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  483,  2  c. 

Mungo :  see  Shoddy,  XIV.  872,  2  c. 

MuNicn  [mu'-nik],  capital  of  Bavaria,  XII.  41. 
University,  42,  1  ab.  Glyptothek,  2  a  (ill.); 


532 


MUNINN 


MURRAY 


Pinakothek,  2  c.  Ruhmeshalle,  43,  2  c  (ill.). 
History,  44,  1  c. 

Muninn,  raven,  messenger  of  Odin,  XII.  1 1 9, 2  c. 

Munjeet',  root,  XII.  44;  X.  816,  2  c. 

Munk,  Salomon  [munek],  French  orientalist, 
XII.  44. 

Munkacs  [moon'-katch],  Hungary,  XII.  45. 

Munnich,  Burkhard  Christoph,  count  [mim'- 
nich],  Russian  soldier,  XII.  45. 

MuSoz,  Fernando  [moo-nyoath'],  duke  of  Rian- 
zares  and  of  Montmorot,  husband  of  Maria 
Christina,  XII.  45. 

Mufloz ,  Oil,  antipope  (Clement  VIII.),  IV.  662, 
2  c. 

Muneo',  Alexander,  English  sculptor,  XII.  45. 

Mun'sees,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  45. 

Munsell,  Joel,  American  printer,  XII.  45. 

Munster,  province  of  Ireland,  XII.  46. 

Munster,  city  of  Prussia,  XII.  46.  See  Ana¬ 
baptists,  I.  449,  2  c,  450,  2  ab. 

Munter,  Balthasar,  German  clergyman, XII.46. 
Friedrich,  theologian  and  archaeologist,  1  c. 

Muntjac,  animal,  XII.  47.  Common,  1  c  (ill.). 
Nepaul  and  Chinese,  2  a. 

Muntz's  yellow  metal ,  I.  336, 1  c;  III.  213,  2  a. 

Munychia  [mu-nik'-e-a],  port  of  Athens,  II.  59, 
1  c  (plan). 

Munychion ,  Athenian  month,  I.  606,  2  a. 

Munzer,  Thomas  [mun'-tser],  German  mystic, 
XII.  47;  I.  449,  2  b. 

Munzinger,  Werner  [moon'-tsing-er],  Swiss 
traveller,  XII.  48.  (Died  1875.) 

Murad  [moo-rad'];  see  Amuratii,  and Mehemet 
Murad  (Index). 

Mur^e'na  :  see  Eel,  VI.  447,  2  ab. 

Mural  circle :  see  Observatory,  XII.  566,  1  b. 

Murat,  Joachim  [mii-ra],  French  soldier  and 
king  of  Xaples,  XII.  48.  Napoleon  Achille, 

49,  2  be.  Napoldon  Lucien  Charles  Joseph 
Francois,  2  c.  Joseph  Joachim  Napoleon, 

50,  1  a. 

Muratori,  Ludovico  Antonio  [moo-ra-to'-re], 
Italian  scholar,  XII.  50. 

Muravieff  [moo-rav-ySF],  noble  Russian  fam¬ 
ily,  XII.  50.  Mikhail,  tutor  in  the  royal 
family,  1  b.  Nikolai,  soldier  and  teacher, 
1  be.  Nikolai  (2d),  soldier,  1  c.  Mikhail, 
soldier  and  governor  general,  2  b.  Nikolai 
(Count  Amurski),  soldier  and  governor  gen¬ 
eral,  2  c.  Alexander,  soldier  and  governor,  ib. 

Muravieff- Apostol,  branch  of  the  Muravieffs, 
XII.  51,  1  a.  Ivan,  author  and  diplomatist, 
ib.  Sergei,  conspirator,  1  ab. 

Murchison,  Sir  Roderick  Impey  [mur'-ke-sun], 


British  geologist,  XII.  51.  His  hypothesis 
of  the  hydrography  of  interior  Africa,  I. 
165,  2  c. 

Mur'cia  [Sp.  moor'-the-a],  ancient  kingdom  of 
Spain,  XII.  51.  Province,  52,  1  a.  Capital 
city,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Murder,  crime,  XII.  52. 

Murdoch,  James  Edward  [mur'-dok],  American 
actor,  XII.  53. 

Murdock,  James,  American  clergyman,  XII.  54. 

Mure,  William,  Scottish  author,  XII.  54. 

Muret,  Theodore  Cesar  [mii-ra],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XII.  54. 

Mu'rex,  genus  of  mollusks,  XII.  54.  M.  tenui- 
spina,  2  c  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Murexide  [mu-rex'-id],  dye,  XII.  54,  2  b ;  XIV. 
95,  1  b. 

Murfreesboro,  city  of  Tennessee,  XII.  54. 
Battle  of  (or  Stone  River),  55,  1  be. 

Murfreesborough ,  county  seat,  XIII.  511,  2  b. 

Murg  [moorg],  river  of  Germany,  II.  679,  1  a. 
Valley  of  the,  1  be. 

Murger,  Henry  [mur-zha],  French  author,  XII. 
55. 

Muriatic  Acid  :  see  Hydrochloric  Acid,  IX. 
109,  2  b. 

Murillo,  Bartolom6  Estdban  [moo-re'-lyo], 
Spanish  painter,  XII.  55. 

Muri'nce  (zoology),  XII.  14,  1  a. 

Murk ,  refuse  of  grapes,  III.  210,  2  be. 

Murner,  Thomas  [moor'-ner],  German  satirist, 
XII.  56. 

Murphy ,  county  seat,  IV.  377,  2  a. 

Murphy,  Arthur,  British  dramatist,  XII.  57. 

Murphy ,  Henry  G.  (Henry  Crude,  born  1810, 
minister  to  Holland  1857— ’61,  state  senator 
of  New  York,  mayor  of  Brooklyn,  &c.),  on 
Verrazzano’s  voyage,  XVI.  324,  1  a. 

Murphysborough ,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  2  c. 

Murrain,  XII.  57.  Russian  cattle  plague, 
steppe  murrain,  or  rinderpest,  1  c.  Aph¬ 
thous  fever,  vesicular  murrain,  eczema  epi- 
zootica,  or  foot  and  mouth  disease,  58,  1  be. 
Lung  fever,  pulmonary  murrain,  epizootic  or 
contagious  pleuro-pneumonia,  or  lung  plague, 
2  c.  Malignant  anthrax,  malignant  carbuncle, 
carbuncular  fever,  bloody  murrain,  black 
murrain,  hsematosepsis,  typhoemia,  pelcemia, 
or  blood-striking,  60,  1  ab. 

Murray,  two  counties,  XII.  61. 

Murray ,  county  seat,  III.  620,  1  b. 

Murray,  river  of  Australia,  XII.  61. 

Murray,  Alexander,  American  naval  officer, 
XII.  61. 


MURRAY 


MUSIC 


533 


Murray,  Alexander,  Scottish  philologist,  XII. 
62. 

Murray,  Lady  Augusta,  her  marriage  with  the 
duke  of  Sussex  annulled,  II.  116,  2  b. 
Murray,  James  Stuart,  earl  of,  regent  of  Scot¬ 
land,  XII.  62. 

Murray,  John,  American  clergyman,  XII.  62. 
Murray,  John,  Scottish  physician,  XII.  63. 
Murray,  John,  English  publisher,  XII.  63. 
Murray,  Lindley,  grammarian,  XII.  64. 
Murray, Nicholas, American  clergyman, XII. 64. 
Murray,  Patrick,  Baron  Elibank,  Scottish 
author,  XII.  64. 

Murray,  Sir  Robert,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  London  royal  society,  XII.  64. 

Murray,  William  :  see  Mansfield,  earl  of. 
Murray,  William  Henry  Harrison,  American 
clergyman,  XII.  64. 

Murray,  William  Vans  (of  Maryland, 1762-1803, 
minister  to  Holland  and  France),  I.  92,  2  a. 
Murray  centenary  fund,  XYI.  208,  2  c. 

Mursa,  Roman  colony,  VI.  743,  1  c  (Eszek). 

Battle  of,  Y.  279,  1  a. 

Murten  [moor'-ten] :  see  Morat. 

Murviedro  [moor-ve-a'-^ro],  town  of  Spain, 
XII.  65.  Origin  of  the  name,  XIY.  521,  2  c. 
Mus  (zoology),  XII.  14,  1  b.  M.  musculus,  2  a 
(ill.).  M.  sylvaticus,  2  ab.  M.  minutus  or 
messorius,  2  be  (ill.).  M.  pumilio  and  M. 
mesomelas,  ib.  M.  decumanus,  XIY.  211,  1  c 
(ill.).  M.  Alexandrinus,  Americanus,  or  tec- 
torum,  212,  1  a,  ab.  M.  giganteus,  1  ab. 
M.  rattus,  211,  2  be  (ill.). 

Musa  (botany),  II.  263,  1  b.  M.  sapientum,  2  c. 
M.  paradisiaca,  ib.,  and  XIII.  595,  1  a.  M. 
textilis,  XI.  110,  2  a  (ill.). 

Musa  the  Barmecide  [moo'-sa],  referred  to,YIII. 
471,  2  be. 

Musceon  (museum),  in  Alexandria,  I.  49,  2  c. 
Mus^'us,  Greek  poet,  XII.  65.  Grammarian, 

1  b. 

Musang ',  animal,  XIII.  62,  1  a. 

Musaus,  Johann  Karl  August  [moo-za'-oos], 
German  author,  XII.  65. 

Musca  (entomology),  YI.  130,  1  be.  M.  car- 
naria,  697,  2  a :  see  Sarcophaga  (Index). 
M.  domestica,  ib.,  and  YII.  293,  2  c  (ill., 
294) ;  maggots  of,  296,  1  ab.  M.  harpyia, 
293,  2  c.  M.  vomitoria  (calliphora),  294, 

2  b  (ill.) ;  YI.  697,  2  a. 

Muscadin  [mus-ka-dang],  sobriquet,  IY.  222,  2  c. 
Mus' cadine,  grape,  VIII.  163,  2  ab. 

Muscai:  see  Japheth,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Muscalonge ,  fish,  XIII.  510,  1  b. 


Muscardine  [mus'-kar-din],  silkworm  disease, 
XII.  65  ;  VI.  690,  1  a ;  XV.  45,  1  a.  Al¬ 
luded  to,  IY.  108,  2  be. 

Muscardi'nus  (zoology),  V\  216,1  ab.  M.  avel- 
lauarius,  2  b  (ill.). 

Muscat',  chief  city  of  Oman,  XII.  65  (view,  66). 

Muscat,  imam  of  (sultan  of  Oman),  I.  618,  1  b. 

Muscat  Wine  :  see  France,  Wines  of,  YII.  411, 
•2  b;  Germany,  Wines  of,  YII.  775,  1  c. 
Muscats  of  Albano  and  Montefiascone,  IX. 
468,  2  b  ;  of  Juencaral,  XY.  225,  1  a. 

Muscatel',  essence  of,  so  styled,  YII.  775,  1  c. 

Muscatel  wine:  see  Muscat  Wine  (Index). 

Muscatine  [mus-ka-teen'J,  county,  XII.  66. 

Muscatine,  city  of  Iowa,  XII.  66. 

Muscle,  in  anatomy,  XII.  67  (ills.).  Con¬ 
tractility  of,  68,  2  a.  Power  of,  2  c.  De¬ 
velopment  of,  69,  1  c.  Antagonist  muscles, 
2  a.  Muscles  of  the  eye,  YII.  46,  2  a  (ill.). 

Muscle,  mollusk :  see  Mussel. 

Muscles,  insanity  of  the,  so  styled,  XII.  238,  2  c. 

Muscle  Siioals  :  see  Tennessee  River,  and  I. 
229,  1  a. 

Muscogee  [mus-ko-ghe'],  county,  XII.  69. 

Muscogees:  see  Creeks. 

Muscology,  department  of  botany,  XI.  863,  2  c. 

Muscovite,  mineral :  see  Mica,  XI.  490,  2  c. 

Muscovites ,  ancient  Russians,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Muscovy  :  see  Russia,  XIY.  480,  1  a. 

Muscovy  Duck  :  see  Duck,  YI.  289,  1  be. 

Muscovy  glass :  see  Mica,  XI.  490,  2  c. 

Muscular  fibre :  see  Muscle,  and  Heart,  YIII. 
557,  2  a  (ill.). 

Musculus  (zoology),  XIY.  430,  2  a. 

Muse,  the  tenth,  so  styled :  see  Bradstreet, 
Anne,  and  Desiioulieres. 

Musee  Marie  Therese  [mii-za  ma-re  ta-raiz],  in 
Nimes,  XII.  454,  2  c. 

Muses,  in  mythology,  XII.  69. 

Muse'um,  XII.  70.  Museum  at  Alexandria,  I. 
49,  2  c ;  292,  1  a. 

Mushmelon  (muskmelon),  XI.  372,  2  c. 

Mush'room,  fungus,  XII.  70.  Common  mush¬ 
room,  71,  1  a  (ill.).  Horse  mushroom,  2  b 
(ill.).  Parasol  mushroom,  ib.  (ill.).  Fairy 
ring  champignon,  72, 1  a  (ill.).  Chantarelle, 
1  c  (ill.).  Cultivation,  ib.  Mushrooms  grown 
in  a  cask,  73, 1  b  (ill.).  Mushroom  cave,  1  c 
(ill.).  See  Fungi,  YII.  528,  2  a,  530,  2  b. 
Sugar  of :  see  Mannite. 

Mushroom  anchor,  I.  466,  2  c  (ill.). 

Mushteshed,  ecclesiastical  order,  XIII.  318,  2  b. 

Music,  XII.  73.  Sounds,  nature  of,  2  b  (see 
Sound)  ;  instrumental,  74,  1  c ;  vocal,  75, 


534 


MUSICAL 


MUTULE 


2  a.  Vibration  ratios,  76, 1  a  (see  Harmony)  ; 
gamut,  1  be.  Musical  notation,  1  c;  mod¬ 
ern  signs,  77,  1  c.  Pitch  of  a  tone,  how  de¬ 
termined,  2  be.  Musical  intervals,  76,  2  a; 

78,  2  ab.  Vibration  fraction  of  an  interval, 

79,  2  b.  Chords,  80,  1  b.  Sedley  Taylor  on 
notation,  82,  1  ab.  Melody  and  harmony, 
83,  1  be.  Consonance  and  dissonance,  rela¬ 
tions  between  the  physical  theory  of  and  the 
aesthetics  of  music,  85,  1  b. — History  of  mu¬ 
sic,  86,  1  ab.  Oriental,  1  b  ;  ancient  Greek, 
87,  1  c  ;  Roman,  2  b ;  early  Christian,  2  be. 
Mediaeval  popular  music,  88, 1  b;  Netherland, 
2  b ;  English,  89,  1  b,  90,  1  be ;  Italian,  89, 
1  be,  91,  2  be;  French,  90,  1  b.  Composers 
of  the  18th  century,  1  be ;  of  the  19th,  92, 

1  b.  Influence  of  the  pianoforte  on  musical 
art,  93,  2  be.  Methods  of  writing  and  teach¬ 
ing,  76,  2  b ;  I.  683,  1  b. 

Musical  Box,  XII.  94. 

Musimon:  see  Sheep,  XIV.  836,  2  ab,  837,  2  a. 
Musk,  odorous  secretion,  XII.  94. 

Musk ,  essence  of,  XIII.  290,  1  a. 

Musk  beaver,  XII.  102,  1  b  (Muskrat). 

Musk  Deer,  XII.  95.  True  musk  deer,  1  c  (ill.). 

Napu  musk  deer,  2  b.  Kanchil,  2  c  (ill.,  96). 
Musk  duck :  see  Duck,  VI.  289,  1  be. 
Muske'gon,  county,  XII.  96. 

Muskegon,  city  of  Michigan,  XII.  96. 

Musket,  XII.  96.  First  portable  firearms,  2  b ; 
bombard,  ib.  (ill.) ;  arquebus,  97,  1  a  (ills.). 
Locks,  1  c,  ff.  (ills.).  Ancient  musketeer, 
98,  1  c  (ill.).  Schweinsfeder,  2  c ;  bayonet, 
ib.  (ills.,  99).  Improvements,  99, 1  b.  Per¬ 
cussion  cap  and  lock,  2  b  (ills.).  Calibres, 

2  c.  English  musket,  “Brown  Bess,”  100, 
1  a  (ill.).  American  muskets,  1  ab  (ill.).  Oth¬ 
er  names  of  muskets,  2  a. 

Musketaquid  (Concord,  Mass.),  V.  206,  1  ab. 
Muskin'gum,  river  of  Ohio,  XII.  101. 
Muskingum,  county,  XII.  101. 

Muskmelon ,  XI.  372,  1  be  (ills.,  373).  Vine, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Muskoka,  electoral  district  of  Canada,  XII.  101. 
Muskokees  :  see  Creeks. 

Musk  Ox,  XII.  101  (ill.). 

Muskrat,  XII.  102  (ill.).  Fur  of,  VII.  539, 1  ab. 
Musk  Turtle  :  see  Tortoise,  XV.  811, 1  c. 
Musonius,  Caius  Rufus,  Roman  stoic,  XII.  102. 
Musoph'aga  (ornithology),  XIII.  595,  2  ab.  M. 
violacea,  2  b. 

Musophagi'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  595,  2  a. 
Muspelheim  [moos'-pel-hime],  in  northern  my¬ 
thology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 


Muspratt,  James  Sheridan,  English  chemist, 
XII.  103. 

Musquakink ,  Fox  Indians,  VII.  362,  1  c. 

MusQUAsn :  see  Muskrat. 

Musquash  root,  IV.  577,  2  a. 

Musquetoon,  firearm,  XII.  100,  2  c. 

Musschenbroek,  Pieter  van  [mus'-ken-brook], 
Dutch  mathematician,  XII.  103. 

Mussel,  mollusk,  XII.  103.  Shell  of  (ill.),  V. 
199,  lb.  Foot  of,  1  c.  Common  salt-water 
mussel,  XII.  103,  2  b  (ill.).  Horse  mussel, 
2  c.  Fresh-water  mussel,  104,  1  a;  river 
mussel,  ib.  Pearl  mussel,  1  b. 

Musset,  Louis  Charles  Alfred  de  [duh  mu-sa], 
French  poet,  XII.  104.  Victor  Donatien  de 
(Musset-Pathay),  writer,  1  b.  Paul  Edme  de, 
author,  2a;  V.  53,  1  a. 

Mussey,  Reuben  Dimond  [muz'-ze],  American 
surgeon,  XII.  104. 

Mussulman :  see  Moslem  (Index). 

Must:  see  Wine,  XVI.  664,  2  be. 

Mustache  [mus-tash'],  II.  420,  2  b;  421,  1  a. 

Mustag  mountains :  see  Karakorum. 

Mustang,  wild  horse,  VIII.  827,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  XV. 
672,  2  a. 

Mustapha  II.,  sultan  of  Turkey,  XVI.  61,  2  b. 
Mustapha  IV.,  2  c. 

Mustapha  ben  Abdallah :  see  Hadji  Khalfa. 

Mustard,  plant  and  condiment,  XII.  105  (ill.). 
Flour  of,  2  ab.  Volatile  oil  of,  2  c.  Uses  of, 
106,  1  a.  Wild  mustard,  1  c.  Hedge  mus¬ 
tard,  2  b.  Tansy  mustard,  ib. 

Muste'la  (zoology),  XI.  205, 1  a.  M.  Americana, 
ib.  (ill.).  M.  martes,  1  c.  M.  foina,  2  a. 
M.  zibellina,  1  c ;  XIV.  508,  1  c  (ill.) ;  fur 
of,  VII.  536,  2  a.  M.  Pennantii,  or  M.  Cana¬ 
densis,  223, 1  c  (ill.).  M.  Siberica,  I.  358,  2  b. 

Mustel'idce  (zoology),  IV.  10,  2  b;  XVI.  522, 
2  a. 

Muste'lus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828, 1  c.  M.  canis 
VI.  183,  2  b.  M.  lands,  2  c. 

Musus  [moo-soos'] :  see  Maipures. 

Mut  [moot],  Egyptian  goddess,  XII.  116,  2  b. 

Mutes:  see  Mourning,  XII.  13,  2  be. 

Mutessarif  Turkish  governor,  XVI.  59,  1  c. 

Mu'tina  :  see  Modena. 

Muti'nus,  in  mythology,  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Mutiny,  in  law,  XII.  106. 

Mutiny  bill:  see  George  II.,  VII.  706,  1  c. 

Mutokwa'ne,  plant,  II.  391,  1  c. 

Mut'tra,  city  of  India,  XII.  107. 

Muttra,  bay  of:  see  Muscat,  XII.  65,  2  a. 
City,  66,  2  a. 

Mu'tule ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  b. 


MUTURU 


MYSTERIES 


535 


Muturu  [moo-too-roo'],  kind  of  ox,  I.  81,  2  b. 
Mutuum,  in  law,  X.  557,  1  c. 

Muyscas  [moo-ees'-kas],  South  American  In¬ 
dians,  XII.  107.  Referred  to,  Y.  88,  2  a. 
Muziano,  Girolamo  [moo-dze-a'-no],  Italian 
artist,  XII.  108. 

Muzzey,  Artemas  Bowers,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XII.  108. 

My  a  arenaria  (concliology),  IY.  629,  1  c  (ill.). 
Mycale  [mik'-a-le],  mountain  and  promontory, 
Asia  Minor,  XII.  108.  Battle  of,  1  c. 
Myce'lium ,  in  botany,  YII.  529,  1  b;  YI.  687, 
2  a;  I.  173,  2  a;  XYI.  13,  2  ab,  359,  2  c. 
Myce'isle,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XII.  108. 
Gate  of  lions,  2  ab  (ill.).  Treasury  of  Atreus, 
2  be.  (Excavated  by  Schliemann,  1876-7.) 
Myce'ne :  see  Mycenje. 

Myce'tes  (zoology),  XI.  750,  2  ab.  M.  ursinus, 
2  be  (ill.). 

Mycoderma  aceti,  fungus,  YII.  144,  2  b.  M. 

vini,  XYI.  775,  2  b  ;  776,  2  c  ;  777, 1  b  (ill.). 
Mycology,  the  study  of  fungi,  YII.  533,  2  c. 
Myconi  [mik'-o-ne],  island  of  Greece,  XII.  108. 
My  c' onus :  see  Myconi. 

My 'cose:  see  Sugar,  XY.  441,  2  c. 

Mycrozy'ma  ere' tee,  animalcule,  YII.  146,  2  b. 
Myda'us  mel'iceps  (zoology),  II.  212,  1  c. 
Myeli'tis ,  disease,  XY.  269,  2  c. 

My elo -phthisis,  disease,  XY.  270,  1  c. 

Myer,  Albert  J.,  American  meteorologist,  XII. 
109. 

Myers,  Peter  Hamilton,  novelist,  XII.  109. 
Mygale  [mig'-a-le] :  see  Spider,  XY.  265,  1 
ab,  b ;  571,  1  a.  M.  avicularia,  265,  1  be. 
M.  Hentzii,  1  c.  M.  Pyrenaica,  YI.  42,  1  ab 
(ill.).  M.  Muscovitica,  2  be. 

My  lee :  see  Milazzo. 

Myliobat'idce  (ichthyology),  XIY.  223,  1  a. 
MylioVatis  (ichthyology),  XIY.  223,  1  b.  M. 

acuta,  ib.  M.  aquila,  1  be. 

Mylitta,  Babylonian  goddess,  XII.  109  ;  II. 
7,  1  b. 

Myl'odon,  genus  of  fossil  edentates,  XII.  109. 

M.  robustus,  2  c  (ill.,  110),  and  other  species. 
Myocardi'tis :  see  Carditis  (Index). 

Myo'des  (zoology),  X.  335,  1  ab.  M.  lemmus, 
1  be  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Myo'pia,  near-sightedness,  XYI.  391, 1  a ;  XY. 
237,  1  a. 

Myopot'amus  coypus  (zoology),  Y.  448, 1  a  (ill., 
447). 

Myoso'tis  palustris  (botany),  YII.  319,  2  b  (ill.). 
M.  scorpioides,  2  c.  M.  verna,  320,  1  a. 
Other  species. 


Myoxus  (zoology),  YI.  216,  1  ab.  M.  glis,  1  c. 
M.  quercinus,  2  a. 

Myrcia  acris  (botany),  XII.  112,  2  c. 

Myriapod  :  see  Centipede. 

Myriap'oda  (zoology),  IY.  202,  2  c. 

Myr'ica  cerif'era  (botany),  II.  406,  2  b  (ill., 
407).  Other  species,  407,  1  b. 

Myrica'cece  (botany),  II.  406,  2  be. 

Myricine  [mir'-e-sin],  (chemistry), XYI.  515, 2  a. 
Myri'na,  ancient  town,  X.  335,  2  c. 

Myris'tica  (botany),  XII.  541,  1  c.  M.  fra- 
grans  (M.  moschata,  or  M.  officinalis),  ib. 
(ill.) ;  fruit  and  seed  of,  542,  1  a  (ill.,  541). 
Seeds  of  M.  bicuiba  and  M.  sebifera,  543, 1  ab. 
M.  fatua,  1  a.  M.  ocuba,  XYI.  516,  1  ab. 
Myristicece  [-tis'-e-e],  (botany),  XII.  541,  2  a. 
Myrmeco'bius,  genus  of  animals,  XII.  110. 

M.  fasciatus,  1  c  (ill.,  111). 

Myrmecoph'aga  (zoology),  I.  543,  2  b.  M. 

jubata,  2  c  (ill.).  M.  tamandua,  544,  1  c. 
Myrme'leon  :  see  Ant  Lion,  I.  573,  1  be.  M. 
formicarium,  ib. 

Myr'midon,  legendary,  XII.  Ill,  1  be. 
Myemidones  [mur-mid'-o-neez],  ancient  Achae¬ 
an  race,  XII.  111. 

Myrmidons,  origin  of  the  word,  XII.  Ill,  1  c. 
Myron,  Greek  sculptor,  XII.  111. 

Myron' ic  acid,  XII.  105,  2  c. 

Myrop'tera  scutella'ris  (entomology),  XYI.  493, 
2  b. 

Myrosine  [mir'-o-sin],  (chemistry),  XII.  105,  2  c. 
Myrosper' mum  pubes' cens  (botany),  II.  248,  2  b 
(ill.).  M.  toluiferum,  249,  1  b  (ill.) 

Myrrh,  gum  resin,  XII.  111.  Tree,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Myrsiphyl'lum  asparagoi'des  (botany),  XY.  114, 
1  ab  (ill.). 

Myrta'ceoe  (botany),  XII.  112,  1  be. 
Myrtid'anum,  a  kind  of  wine,  XII.  112,  2  c. 
Myrtile'tum :  see  Heidelberg. 

Myrtle,  plant,  XII.  112.  Common  myrtle,  1  c 
(ill.).  Uses  of,  2  b.  Sand  myrtle,  113,  1  a. 
Crape  myrtle,  ib.  (ill.).  Running  myrtle,  or 
myrtle,  XIII.  304,  1  c.  Wax  myrtle :  see 
Baybeery. 

Myrtus  communis  (botany),  XII.  112, 1  be  (ill.). 
Mysia,  in  ancient  geography,  XII.  113. 

Mysia  VS-punctata  (entomology),  XIII.  770, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Mysore',  state  of  India,  XII.  113.  History, 
114,  1  ab.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Mysteries,  in  ancient  religions,  XII.  114. 
Eleusinian,  114,  2  c.  Of  the  Cabiri,  2  c: 
see  Cabiri.  Dionysiac,  115, 1  a.  Orphic,  ib. 
Of  Mitlira,  1  b. 


53  G 


MYSTERIES 


NAMES 


Mysteries,  mediae  val  dramas :  see  Miracles  and 
Moralities,  XI.  626,  1  ab,  and  VI.  246,  1  b. 
“Mystery”  a  craft,  VIII.  306,  2  ab. 
Mystice'tus  (zoology),  XIV.  430,  2  a. 

Mysticism :  see  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  810, 
1  c,  2  c.  See  Gerson,  VII.  777,  1  be. 
Mystriosaurus  (palaeontology),  XV.  621,  2  c. 
M.  Chapmanni,  ib. 

Mythenstein  [me'-ten-stine],  rock  near  Griitli, 
VIII.  274,  2  a. 

Mythology,  XII.  115.  Egyptian,  116,  1  be; 
Accadian  and  Babylonian,  117,  1  a;  Ara¬ 
bian,  2  a ;  Phoenician,  2  b ;  Greek  and 
Roman,  118,  2  a;  Scandinavian,  119,  2  b; 


German,  120,  1  be.  See  Buddhism;  India, 
Religions  and  Religious  Literature  of;  Ko¬ 
ran;  ZendAvesta;  and  Zoroaster.  Minor 
deities  of  the  Germanic  races :  see  Fairies, 
and  Demonology. 

Mytile'ne,  island  of  Greece,  XII.  120.  City, 
121,  1  a  (view). 

Myt'ilus  (mollusca),  XII.  103,  2  a.  M.  edulis, 
2  ab  (ill.) :  see  Byssus.  M.  borealis,  2  c. 

Myxi'ne  (ichthyology),  XII.  121,  2  be.  M. 
glutinosa,  2  c  (ill.). 

Myx'inoids,  order  of  fishes,  XII.  121  (ill.). 

Myzonts:  see  Myxinoids,  and  X.  132,  1  c. 

Mzensh  [mtsensk] :  see  Mtzensk. 


N 


N,  a  letter,  XII.  122.  Sound  in  English,  1  b ; 

in  other  languages,  1  c.  As  a  numeral,  ib. 
Naasenes ,  religious  sect,  VIII.  54,  2  a. 
Nabathe'ans  :  see  Edom,  VI.  409,  2  c,  and  I. 

621,  2  a.  Religion  of,  XII.  117,  2  a. 

Nabis,  Spartan  tyrant,  XJI.  122. 

Nablus  [na'-bloos],  town  of  Palestine,  XII. 
122 ;  IX.  728,  2  ab. 

Nabob,  title  in  India,  XII.  123.  Signification 
in  English,  1  a. 

Nabonaclius)  king  of  Babylonia,  II.  187,  2  c; 
188,  1  a;  190,  1  a-2  a. 

Nabonassar ,  king  of  Babylonia,  IV.  229,  1  a, 
2  b.  Era  of,  1  a ;  557,  2  b. 

Nabop>olassar,  king  of  Babylonia,  II.  189,  1  b ; 

36,  2  be ;  IV.  229, 1  a.  Dynasty  of,  230,  2  c. 
Nabulus  [na'-boo-loos] :  see  Nablus. 
Nachtigal,  Gustav  [nakli'-te-gal],  traveller, 
XII.  123. 

Nacogdoches  [nak-o-do'-chiz],  county,  XII.  123. 
Nacogdoches,  county  seat,  XII.  123,  1  c. 

Nadar  Singh ,  Bheel  chief,  referred  to,  II.  605, 
2  b. 

Na'dir:  see  Zenith. 

Nadir  SnAn  [na'-der],  king  of  Persia,  XII.  123. 
Nmi  materni ,  V.  191,  1  c. 

N^evius,  Cneius,  Roman  poet,  XII.  124. 
Ndfels  [na'-felce],  victory  of,  VII.  838,  2  a. 
Nagar  [na'-gar] :  see  Ahmednuggur,  district. 
Nagasaki  [na-ga-sa'-ke],  town  of  Japan,  XII. 
124  (view). 

Nago'ya,  city  of  Japan,  XII.  124. 

Nagpore',  city  of  India,  XII.  125. 

Nagpore ,  province :  see  Berar. 

Nagy-Koros  [nodj-ko'-rosh] :  see  Koros. 


Nahant',  town  of  Massachusetts,  XII.  125. 

Great,  1  be;  Little,  1  c. 

Nahe  [na'-eh],  river  of  Germany,  XII.  125. 
Nahiyes  [na-he'-yShs],  Turkish  communes, 
XVI.  59,  1  c. 

Nahoa  [na'-wa],  ancient  American  language, 

XI.  472,  1  c. 

Nalmatl  [na-watl'],  ancient  American  lan¬ 
guage,  II.  175,  1  c;  XI.  472,  1  c. 
Nahuatlecas  [na-wat-la'-kas],  ancient  American 
tribe,  II.  175,  1  c. 

Na'iium,  Hebrew  prophet,  XII.  125. 

Naiads  [na'-yads],  in  mythology,  XII.  125 ; 

VII.  63,  2  a.  See  Nymphs. 

Naib  [na'-eeb] :  see  Nabob. 

Nail,  XII.  125.  Nail  machines,  126,  1  a. 
Nain,  town  of  Palestine,  XII.  126. 

Nairne,  Baroness:  see  Oliphant,  Carolina. 
Nairnshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XII.  126. 
Nairs  [nires],  a  class  of  Hindoos,  XI.  47,  2  a, 
be;  48,  1  b. 

Naissus  [na-is'-sus] :  see  Nissa. 

Naja  tripudians  (zoology),  IV.  771,  1  c,  ff. ; 
II.  18,  2  a  (naia).  N.  haje,  IV.  772,  2  c ; 
II.  18,  1  c  (naya  haye). 

Nakhitch'evan,  town  of  European  Russia, 

XII.  126.  City  of  Russian  Armenia,  127,  1  a. 
Nama  dialect :  see  Hottentots,  IX.  9,  1  c. 
Namaqua  [na-ma'-kwa],  African  tribe,  XII. 

127.  Referred  to,  IX.  9,  1  c. 

Namburis ,  a  class  of  Hindoos,  XI.  47,  2  a. 

“ Nameless  sect”  in  China,  XI.  646,  1  ab. 
Names,  XII.  127.  Among  the  ancients,  1  b. 

Origin  of  surnames,  2  b.  Significant  names, 

128,  1  c. 


NAMUR 


NARCEIA 


537 


Namur  [n5-mur],  province  of  Belgium,  XII. 

128.  Capital  city,  129,  1  a  (ill.). 

Na'na  Sa'hib,  Hindoo  chieftain,  XII.  129 ; 
IX.  211,  2  a.  Referred  to,  II.  6G9,  1  c; 
IV.  158,  2  a. 

Nanak,  founder  of  a  sect,  XY.  36,  2  be. 

Nancy  [nang-se],  city  of  France,  XII.  130. 

“  Nancy -'pretty ,”  plant,  XVI.  363,  1  a. 

JVanda  Devi  [da'-ve],  Himalayan  peak,  VIII. 
732,  1  c. 

Nandou':  see  Ostrich,  XII.  725,  2  b. 

Nanemys  gutta’ta  [na-ne'-mis],  (zoology),  XY. 
811,  2  c  (ill.,  812). 

Nang  Harm ,  in  Bangkok,  VIII.  461,  1  c. 
Nanguer ,  species  of  gazelle,  VII.  655,  2  a. 
Nankeen ',  a  kind  of  cloth,  VI.  343,  1  c. 
Nankin:  see  Nanking. 

Nanking',  city  of  China,  XII.  130.  Tombs  of 
the  kings,  2  a.  Porcelain  tower,  2  c  (ill.). 
Treaty  of,  I.  434,  2  a. 

Nanna,  wife  of  Baldur,  II.  237,  2  a,  be. 

Nanni ,  Giovanni:  see  Annius  of  Viterbo. 
Nano'des  (ornithology),  XIII.  124,  1  a. 
Nan'semond,  county,  XII.  131. 

Nantasket,  peninsula  of  Massachusetts,  XII. 
131. 

Nanterre  [nang-tair],  town  of  France,  XII.  131. 
Nantes  [nangt],  town  of  France,  XII.  131. 
Castle  and  cathedral  of,  1  c  (ill.).  Edict  of, 
2  c;  VII.  383,  1  a;  IX.  37,  2  c.  Revocation 
of,  IX.  38,  1  a;  X.  659,  1  be,  687,  1  c;  XI. 
40, 1  ab.  Effect  on  the  legal  status  of  Prot¬ 
estant  children,  V.  212,  2  ab. 

Nanteuil,  Celestin  [nang-tuhy’],  French  artist, 
XII.  132. 

Nantucket,  town  and  county  of  Massachu¬ 
setts,  XII.  132.  Nantucket  island,  1  b. 
Na'os ,  in  a  Grecian  temple,  I.  654,  2  c. 

Napa  [na'-pa],  county  of  California,  XII.  132. 

Napa  valley,  2  c;  VII.  785,  2  a. 

Napa  City,  county  seat,  XII.  133,  1  a. 

Napata ,  Ethiopian  capital,  VI.  749,  1  b. 
Naperville ,  county  seat,  VI.  320,  1  a. 

Naphce'ce :  see  Nymphs. 

Naph'tali,  son  of  Jacob,  XII.  133.  Tribe,  ib. 
Naphtha,  XII.  133.  Boghead,  bone,  coal,  and 
mineral  naphtha,  1  be.  A,  B,  and  C  naph¬ 
thas,  1  c;  XIII.  371,  1  c.  Wood  naphtha, 

XII.  133,  1  c;  XIV.  118,  1  be.  Dangerous 
character  of  all  naphthas,  XII.  133,  2  b; 

XIII.  373,  2  be.  Oil  of,  369,  2  b.  Naph¬ 
thas  mentioned,  XII.  466,  2  b ;  IX.  812,  1  b. 

Naphthalic  acid,  XII.  134,  2  b. 

Naphthaline  [naf'-tha-lin],  XII.  133.  Naph¬ 


thaline  yellow,  134,  2  b.  Naphthaline  alco¬ 
hol,  2  c.  Hoffmann’s  naphthaline  red,  ib. 

Naphthazarine :  see  Naphthaline,  XII.  134, 
2  be.  Naphthole,  naplithylamine,  naphthyl- 
rosaniline,  2  b-c. 

Napier,  Sir  Charles  [na'-pe-er],  British  ad¬ 
miral,  XII.  134. 

Napier,  Sir  Charles  James,  soldier,  XII.  135. 

Napier,  Henry  Edward,  author,  XII.  136. 

Napier,  John,  inventor  of  logarithms,  XII. 
136;  X.  577,  1  b;  III.  569,  1  a.  Napier’s 
bones,  so  styled,  XII.  136,  1  c. 

Napier,  Macvey,  Scottish  writer,  XII.  136. 

Napier,  Robert,  engineer,  XII.  136.  (D.  1876.) 

Napier,  Sir  William  Francis  Patrick,  British 
author,  XII.  136. 

Napier's  method ,  in  copper  smelting,  V.  325,  2  c. 

Napier  of  Magdala,  Robert  Cornelius  Na¬ 
pier,  baron,  British  general,  XII.  137 ;  I.  47, 
1  c;  48,  1  a. 

Napierville,  county  of  Canada,  XII.  137. 

Napierville,  county  seat,  XII.  137,  1  ab. 

Naples,  kingdom  of:  see  Sicilies,  the  Two. 
Province  of  Italy,  XII.  137,  2  b. 

Naples,  city  of  Italy,  XII.  137  (view,  138). 
Public  squares,  139,  1  a.  Villa  Nazionale, 
1  b.  Castel  Nuovo,  1  c  (ill.);  castel  dell’ 
Ovo,  2  b;  castel  Sant’  Elmo,  2  be;  castel 
Capuano,  2  c;  castel  Carmine,  ib.  Palazzo 
del  municipio,  ib.  Churches,  140,  1  a.  Char¬ 
itable  institutions,  2  a.  Scientific  institu¬ 
tions,  libraries,  &c.,  2  be.  Museum,  2  c. 
Private  palaces,  141,  1  b.  Theatres,  2  a. 
Ports  and  commerce,  2  be.  Manufactures, 
142,  1  a.  Municipal  government,  1  b.  An¬ 
tiquities,  1  be  (see  Catacombs,  IV.  95,  2  a). 
History,  ib. 

Napo,  river :  see  Ecuador,  VI.  394,  2  be. 

Napoleon,  county  seats,  VI.  41, 2  a;  VIII.  641,1  a. 

Napoleon  blue,  color,  VI.  342,  2  be. 

Napoleon  Bonaparte  :  see  Bonaparte. 

Napoleon  gun,  I.  789,  2  b. 

Napoleon-Vendee  [na-po-la-ong-vang-da],  town, 
France,  XII.  143.  (Now  La  Roche-sur-Yon.) 

Napoli  di  Romania  [na'-po-le  de  ro-ma-ne'-a] : 
see  Nauplia. 

Naquet,  Alfred  Joseph  [na-ka],  French  chem¬ 
ist,  XII.  143. 

Narbo  Hartius :  see  Narbonne. 

Narbonne  [nar-bun],  city  of  France,  XII.  143. 

Narbonne-Lara,  Louis,  count  de  [-la-ra], French 
soldier,  XII.  143. 

Narceia  [nar-se'-ya] :  see  Opium,  XII.  649,  1  b, 
650,  1  a. 


538 


NARCISSUS 


NATIONAL 


Narcissus,  in  mythology,  XII.  143.  Freed¬ 
man,  secretary  of  the  emperor  Claudius,  144, 
1  a.  Roman  athlete,  1  b. 

Narcissus,  genus  of  plants,  XII.  144.  N.  po- 
eticus,  1  c  (ill.).  N.  biflorus,  2  b  (ill.).  N. 
bulbocodium,  ib.  N.  Tazetta,  145,  1  a  (ill.). 
N.  jonquilla,  1  c.  N.  pseudonarcissus,  2  a 
(ill.).  N.  incomparabilis,  ib. 

Narcotics,  XII.  145 ;  XIII.  639,  1  be. 

Narcoti'na  :  see  Opium,  XII.  649, 1  a,  650, 1  a. 

Narcotine  [nar'-ko-tin] :  see  Opium,  XII.  648, 1  c. 

Narcotization :  see  Anesthetics,  I.  453,  1  a. 

Nard  :  see  Spikenard. 

Nardos' tacky  sjatamansi  (botany),  XV.  267, 2  b. 

Nardus  spicatus  (botany),  XV.  267,  2  b. 

Nares,  James,  English  composer,  XII.  146. 
Robert,  author,  1  ab.  Edward,  author,  1  b. 

Naro  [na'-ro],  town  of  Sicily,  XII.  146. 

Narragansett  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  XII.  146. 

Narragansetts,  North  American  Indians,  XII. 
146;  XIV.  291,  1  c. 

Narroics ,  mountain  gaps,  XIII.  255,  2  ab. 

Narrows ,  New  York  harbor,  XII.  384,  1  b. 

Narses,  Byzantine  general,  XII.  146 ;  IX.  728, 
1  a,  ab. 

Narthex ,  in  ecclesiastical  architecture,  II.  90, 
la;  IV.  566,  2  ab. 

Narthex  asafeetida  (botany),  I.  802,  1  c  (ill.). 

Naruszewicz,  Adam  Stanislaw  [nu-roo-sheh'- 
vich],  Polish  historian,  XII.  147. 

Narya,  town  and  port  of  Russia,  XII.  147. 
Battle  of,  ib. ;  IV.  304,  2  b. 

Narvaez,  Pamfilo  de  [nar-va'-aitli],  Spanish 
explorer,  XII.  147. 

Narvaez,  Ramon  Maria,  duke  of  Valencia, 
Spanish  statesman,  XII.  147. 

Narwhal,  cetacean  animal,  XII.  148  (ill.). 

Nasal  bones ,  XII.  515,  2  be;  cavities,  2  c; 
canal,  516,  1  a;  passages,  1  be  (ills.). 

Nasa'lis  larva'tus  (zoology),  XI.  752,  1  c  (ill.). 

Nasby,  Petroleum  V.,  pseudonyme  :  see  Locke, 
David  Ross. 

Nascapees',  and  Nehiroirini  or  Montagnais, 
Indian  tribes  of  Labrador,  XII.  148. 

Nascent  state ,  of  bodies,  IX.  433,  1  c. 

Naseby  [naz'-be],  England,  battle  of,  XII.  149  ; 
V.  503,  1  ab. 

Nash,  county,  XII.  149. 

Nash,  Joseph,  English  painter,  XII.  149. 

Nash,  Richard  (Beau  Nash),  XII.  149. 

Nash,  Thomas,  English  dramatist,  XII.  150. 

Nash ,  Thomas,  extradition  case  of,  I.  93,  1  b. 

Nashik :  see  Nassick. 

Nasii'ua,  city  of  New  Hampshire,  XII.  150. 


Nashville,  capital  of  Tennessee,  XII.  150  (view, 
151).  University  of,  151,2c.  History,  152,1c. 

Nashville ,  county  seats,  II.  581,  1  a ;  III.  335, 
la;  XII.  149,  2  a ;  XVI.  475,  2  a. 

Nasicornis  (zoology),  XVI.  368,  2  a. 

Nasicus  (entomology),  XVI.  536,  1  a. 

Nasir ,  Egyptian  magistrate,  VI.  456,  1  c. 

Nasir-ed-Din :  see  Nasr-ed-Din  (Index). 

Naskapis:  see  Nascapees,  XII.  148,  2  c. 

Na'smyth,  James,  British  inventor,  XII.  153. 

Naso  [na'-zo],  town  of  Sicily,  XII.  153. 

Nasquapees  [nas-ka-pees'J,  III.  679,  2  ab.  See 
Nascapees. 

Nasr-ed-Din  [nas’r-ed-deen'],  shah  of  Persia, 
XII.  153;  II.  182,  2  c;  XIII.  323,  2  b. 

Nasrullah  Khan,  emir  of  Bokhara,  II.  799,  2  b. 

Nas'sau  [Ger.  nas'-sow],  former  German  duchy, 
XII.  153.  History,  1  c. 

Nassau,  county,  XII.  153. 

Nassau,  island,  Pacific  ocean,  XII.  153. 

Nassau,  city,  Bahamas,  XII.  153. 

Nassau  Islands,  off  Sumatra,  XII.  154. 

Nassau  Hall  :  see  Princeton,  XIII.  842,  2  a. 

Nassau- Orange,  princes  of,  XII.  153,  2  a. 

Nassick,  town  of  India,  XII.  154. 

Nast,  Thomas,  American  artist,  XII.  154. 

Nasturtium  [nas-tur'-shum],  plant,  XII.  154. 
Garden  nasturtium,  2  c  ;  dwarf,  155, 1  a  (ill.). 
Canary-bird  flower,  1  b  (ill.).  Tuberous 
nasturtium,  &c.,  2  a. 

Nasturtium  (botany),  XII.  154,  2  b ;  V.  477, 
1  a  (ill.,  N.  officinale :  see  XVI.  501,  1  b). 
N.  Armoracia,  VIII.  831,  1  a  (ill.). 

Na'sua  rufa  (zoology),  IV.  725,  2  c  (ill.).  N. 
narica,  ib. 

Natal',  British  colony,  Africa,  XII.  155. 

Natal  rock  snake ,  II.  762,  2  b  (ill.). 

Natalie  [na-ta-le'],  nom  de  plume,  I.  211,  1  b. 

Natatio ,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  382,  2  b. 

Natatorium ,  II.  382,  2  b  ;  384,  1  a. 

Natchez,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  157.  Referred  to, 
XIV.  149,  1  b. 

Natchez,  city  of  Mississippi,  XII.  158.  Nat- 
chez-on-the-Hill,  1  c  (view). 

Natchitoch'es,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  159. 

Natchitoches  [locally,  nak-e-tush'J,  parish  of 
Louisiana,  XII.  159. 

Natchitoches ,  county  seat,  XII.  159,  2  b. 

Na'tick,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XII.  159. 

Nations,  Law  of :  see  Law  or  Nations. 

National  bank,  question  of  a,  XVI.  88,  2  c. 

National  banks,  United  States,  II.  281,  1  a. 

National  gallery,  London,  X.  605,  2  c.  Na¬ 
tional  portrait  gallery,  606,  1  a. 


NATIONAL 


NAZAKENE 


539 


National  recompenses,  in  France :  see  Pension, 
XIII.  275,  2  b. 

National  Republicans,  political  party,  1.103, 1  b. 
a‘  Nationalists :  ”  see  Fenians,  VII.  124,  2  b. 
Nationality,  letters  of,  XII.  169,  1  b. 

Natolia:  see  Asia  Minor,  II.  17,  2  a. 

Natous,  in  Indian  mythology,  II.  677,  2  b. 
Natron:  see  Soda,  XV.  150,  1  a. 

Natter  of  Swabia,  gem  engraver,  VII.  664, 1  ab. 
Natterjack,  kind  of  toad,  XV.  777,  2c;  778,  2  a. 
Natural,  in  card  playing,  II.  192,  1  ab. 
Natural  Bridge  :  see  Bridge,  Natural. 
Natural  History,  XII.  159. 

Natural  history  museum,  London,  X.  605,  2  be. 
Naturalisti  [na-too-ra-lis'-te],  school  of  paint¬ 
ing,  XII.  799,  2  b. 

Naturalization,  XII.  160;  I.  326,  1  c.  In 
ancient  times,  XII.  160,  1  b;  in  the  United 
States,  161,  2  a;  in  Great  Britain,  167,  1  a; 
on  the  continent  of  Europe,  168, 1  c;  in  Mo¬ 
hammedan  countries,  172,  1  a;  in  the  West 
Indies,  2  a;  in  South  America,  173,  1  b. 
English  naturalization  act,  167,  1  b;  I.  314, 
1  be;  327,  2  b.  Letters  of  naturalization, 
XII.  169,  1  b. 

Natural  Philosophy,  XII.  174. 

Natural  selection,  principle  of,  VII.  13,  2  c. 
Nau'clea  (botany),  VII.  607,  1  be. 

Naucle'rus  (ornithology),  X.  20,  1  a.  N.  fur- 
catus,  ib. 

Nau'crates  (ichthyology),  XIII.  516,  2  c.  N. 

ductor,  517, 1  a  (ill.).  N.  Noveboracensis,  1  b. 
Naugatuck'  river,  Connecticut,  V.  251,  2  be. 
Nauheim  [now'-hime],  German  watering  place, 
XII.  174. 

Naumann,  Johann  Friedrich  [now'-man],  Ger¬ 
man  ornithologist,  XII.  174. 

Naumann,  Johann  Gottlieb,  composer,  XII. 
174.  Karl  Friedrich,  mineralogist,  2  a.  Mo¬ 
ritz  Ernst  Adolf,  phvsiciaD,  2  b.  Emil,  com¬ 
poser  and  author,  ib. 

Naumburg  [nowm'-boorg],  town  of  Prussia, 

XII.  174  (view,  175). 

Naumkeag  [nawm-keg'J :  see  Salem,  XIV. 
562,  2  c. 

A7awTi^e?^[nown'-dorf],  pretender,  X.  664,  2  b. 
Naup actus:  see  Lepanto. 

Nau'plia,  seaport  town  of  Greece,  XII.  175. 
Nausea,  XII.  175. 

Nausets  :  see  Massachusetts  Indians. 
Nausiion  :  see  Elizabeth  Islands. 

Nautce  Parisiaci ,  ancient  trading  company, 

XIII.  89,  1  c. 

Nautch  girl :  see  Nautchnee  (Index). 


Nautchnee,  Hindoo  dancing  girl,  II.  404,  2  b. 
Nautical  almanac :  see  Almanac,  I.  342,  2  a. 
Nautilus,  mollusk,  XII.  175.  Genus,  176, 1  a. 
Pearly  nautilus,  ib.  (ill.v  175) ;  V.  203,  2  ab. 
Paper  nautilus,  XII.  177,  1  a  (ill.).  Eyes  of, 
VII.  48,  1  c. 

Nautilus ,  submarine  boat,  VI.  156,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
VII.  525,  2  b. 

Nauvoo',  township  and  city  of  Illinois,  XII. 

177.  Mormon  temple,  2  c.  Icarians,  178, 1  a. 
Navajos  [na-va'-lioce],  Indians,  XII.  178. 
Naval  academy ,  Annapolis,  I.  529,  2  c  (ill.). 
Navarino  [na-va-re'-no],  town  of  Greece,  XII. 

178.  Bay  of,  2  a.  Battle  of,  2  ab. 

Navarre  [na-var'J,  province  of  Spain,  XII.  179. 

Kingdom  of,  179,  1  a.  Lower,  1  a,  c. 
Navarre,  chateau  of,  VII.  18,  1  a. 

Navarrete,  Domingo  Fernandez  [na-var-ra/- 
ta],  Spanish  missionary,  XII.  179. 
Navarrete,  Juan  Fernandez,  artist,  XII.  179. 
Navarrete,  Martino  Fernandez,  historian, 
XII.  179. 

Navarro,  county,  XII.  180. 

Nave,  of  a  wheel,  XVI.  591,  2  b. 

Navel  point ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a.  (Plate.) 
Navez,  Francois  Joseph  [na-va],  Belgian  paint¬ 
er,  XII.  180. 

Navicella  (mollusca),  V.  201,  2  a  (ill.). 
Navicellce:  see  Gregarina,  VIII.  241,  1  be. 
Navic'ula  vir'idis,  diatom,  VI.  84,  2  ab. 
Navicular  bone,  VIII.  825,  2  b. 

Navicular  disease,  XVI.  334,  2  c. 

Navigation,  XII.  180.  Schools  of,  VI.  431, 2  b. 
Navigation  Laws,  XII.  182.  Laws  of  Great 
Britain  restricting  the  commerce  of  her  Amer¬ 
ican  colonies,  referred  to,  XVI.  152,  1  b. 
Navigators’  Islands:  see  Samoan  Islands. 
Navy,  XII.  182.  Ancient  war  vessels,  2  c  (ills., 
183);  mediaeval,  184,  1  a.  Foundation  of 
the  British  navy,  2  a  (ills.).  Improved  ar¬ 
mament,  185,  2  c.  Steam  ships  of  war,  186, 

1  ab.  Classification  and  armament,  187, 1  c. 
Naval  officers,  189, 1  a.  United  States  navy, 

2  a.  See  Iron-clad  Ships. 

Naxos,  island  of  Greece,  XII.  190. 

Naya  haye  [na'-ya  lia'-yeh] :  see  Naja  tripudi- 
ans  (Index). 

Naylor,  James,  English  religious  enthusiast, 

XII.  190. 

Nazaire ,  St.  [na-zair],  (Nazarius,  martyred  at 
Milan  for  preaching  in  the  1st  century),  ca¬ 
thedral  of,  at  Beziers,  II.  603,  2  c  (ill.,  604). 
Nazare'ans  :  see  Christians  of  St.  JonN. 
Nazarene',  a  term  of  contempt  applied  to 


540 


NAZARETH 


NEGRELLI 


Christ  and  his  disciples,  XII.  191.  A  reli¬ 
gious  sect,  2  a:  see  Ebionites,  VI.  383,  2  c. 
Naz'aretii,  town  of  Palestine,  XII.  191  (view). 
Nazareth,  village  of  Pennsylvania,  XII.  191. 
Nazarite,  in  the  Levitical  law,  XII.  191. 
Neal,  Daniel,  English  historian,  XII.  191. 
Neal,  Alice  Bradley:  see  Haven. 

Neal,  John,  American  author,  XII.  192.  (Died 
1876.) 

Neal,  Joseph  Clay,  humorist,  XII.  192. 

Neale,  John  Mason,  English  clergyman,  XII. 
192. 

Neander,  Johann  August  Wilhelm  [na-an'- 
der],  German  church  historian,  XII.  192. 
Neap'olis,  in  Campania :  see  Naples.  In  Pal¬ 
estine  :  see  Nablus,  and  Shechem. 
Near-sightedness ,  XV.  237,  1  a. 

Nearchus  [ne-ar'-kus],  Greek  admiral,  XII. 
193;  I.  278,  2  a. 

Neath,  town  of  Wales,  XII.  193. 

Nebi  Yunus ,  mound  of  [na'-be  yoo'-noos] :  see 
Nineveh,  XII.  457,  1  ab. 

NebOj  mountain  of  Palestine,  XIII.  542,  1  c. 
Nebo,  Assyrian  god,  II.  37,  1  b. 

Nebraska,  state,  XII.  193.  State  seal  (ill.), 

194,  Population,  1  a.  Physical  features, 
2  b.  Geology,  2  c.  Soil  and  productions, 

195,  1  b.  Climate,  2  a.  Agriculture,  ib. 
Manufactures,  2  c.  Intercommunication, 

196,  2  a.  Government,  1  b.  Finances,  2  c. 
Public  institutions,  197,  1  b.  Education, 
1  c  ;  state  university,  2  b.  Libraries,  news¬ 
papers,  &c.,  2  c.  Religious  organizations, 
198,  1  a.  History,  1  b. 

Nebraska  City,  city  of  Nebraska,  XII.  198. 
Nebuchadnezzar,  king  of  Babylon,  XII.  198. 
See  Babylon, Babylonia, and  Hebrews,  VIII. 
589,  2  ab. 

Neb'ula  (astronomy),  XII.  199.  Spiral  nebula 
in  Canes  Venatici,  1  c  (ill.).  Stellar  nebulae, 
ib.  (ill.)  ;  planetary,  2  a  (ill.).  Annular  neb¬ 
ula  in  Lyra,  200,  1  a  (ill.,  199).  Great  neb¬ 
ula  in  Orion,  200,  1  b  (ill.).  Magellanic 
clouds,  1  be  (ill.).  Recent  discoveries  re¬ 
specting  nebulae,  2  b.  Their  nature,  2  c. 
Nebular  Hypothesis,  XII.  201 ;  200,  2  c. 
Necessity ,  creed  of  in  pagan  legends,  1. 152, 1  c. 
Neches  river  [netch'-iz],  Texas,  XV.  671,  1  b. 
NEcno  [ne'-ko],  Egyptian  king,  XII.  203. 

Neck,  the:  see  Boston,  III.  116, 1  b. 

Neckak,  or  Necker,  river  of  Germany,  XII.  203. 
Neckek,  Jacques  [Fr.  na-kair],  French  states¬ 
man,  XII.  203.  Susanne  Curchod  de  Nasse, 
his  wife,  204,  2  b. 


Neeles :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  b. 

Neco :  see  Necho. 

Necrobi'  osis,  brain  disease,  III.  202,  1  a. 
Neo'romancy,  a  form  of  divination,  XII.  204. 
Necromante’um ,  place  for  necromantic  rites, 
XII.  205,  1  a. 

Necroph'orus  (entomology),  II.  476,  2  c. 
Necro'sis,  disease  of  bone,  XII.  205.  See 
Gangrene,  VII.  612,  1  b. 

Nectan’abis,  Egyptian  usurper,  1.186, 2  c,  187, 1  a. 
Nectandra  leucantha  (botany),  VIII.  231,  1  a. 

Synonyme,N.Rodiei,i5. ;  301,2a;  II. 436,1c. 
Nectar,  in  mythology,  XII.  206. 

Nectarine  [nek'-ta-rin],  fruit,  XII.  206. 
Nectarinia  (ornithology),  XV.  477,  1  ab.  N. 
ignicauda  (ill.),  ib. 

Nectarius ,  archbishop  of  Constantinople,  IV. 
562,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Nectary,  of  a  flower,  XII.  206. 

Nectu'rus  (zoology),  XI.  391,  1  b. 

Ne'cyomancy,  a  form  of  divination,  XII.  204,  2  c. 
Nedjed,  country  of  Arabia,  XII.  206. 

Needle,  for  sewing,  Xll.  208. 

Needle ,  in  weaving,  XVI.  524,  1  ab. 

Needlefish ,  so  styled,  XIII.  536,  1  c. 

Needle  gun :  see  Rifle,  XIV.  329,  1  c,  331, 

1  b  (ill.) ;  IX.  270,  2  b ;  and  Dreyse.  In¬ 
troduction  of,  I.  750,  2  a;  inferior  to  the 
Chassepot,  756,  2  b. 

Needle  point,  lace,  X.  78,  1  b. 

Needles ,  Mont  Blanc,  XI.  776,  1  b. 

Needles,  The,  cluster  of  rocks,  XII.  209. 

Neef  [naif],  Pieter,  Flemish  painter,  XII.  209. 
Neele,  Henry,  English  author,  XII.  209. 
Neenah  :  see  Fox  River,  VII.  363,  1  c. 

Nees  von  Esenbeck,  Christian  Gottfried  Da¬ 
niel  [nace  fon  a'-zen-bek],  German  botanist, 
XII.  209. 

Ne  Exeat,  legal  writ,  XII.  210. 

Nefasti,  in  Roman  law,  VII.  93,  2  a. 

Neff,  Felix,  Swiss  missionary,  XII.  210. 
Negative  slip :  see  Steam  Engine,  XV.  349,  2  b. 
Negau'nee,  city  of  Michigan,  XII.  210. 
Negligence,  in  law,  XII.  210. 

Negociants  reunis  [na-go-se-ang  ra-ii-ne],  bank¬ 
ing  company,  XII.  743,  2  c. 

Negotiable  bills  and  notes ,  in  pawn,  XIII.  196, 

2  c. 

Negotiable  Paper,  XII.  212.  Indorsement 
without  recourse,  213,  1  ab.  Waiver  of 
demand  and  notice,  214,  2  be.  Days  of 
grace,  2  c.  “  Without  grace,”  215,  1  a. 
Negrelli,  Aloys  von  [na-grel'de],  Austrian  en¬ 
gineer,  XII.  215. 


NEGRETIA 


NEPENTHES 


541 


Negretia  prurient  (botany),  Y.  441,  2  b. 

Negrier  [na-gre-a],  on  tlie  spontaneous  ripen¬ 
ing  and  discharge  of  ova,  YI.  561,  1  c. 

Negritos  [na-gre'-toce],  race,  XII.  215  (ill.). 

Negro,  African,  XII.  215  (ill.).  See  Ethnol¬ 
ogy,  YI.  787,  1  c.  Negro  languages:  see 
Africa,  Languages  of. 

Negro,  Rio :  see  Rio  Negro. 

“Negro-head see  Tobacco,  XY.  783,  1  be. 

Negro  mountain ,  Pennsylvania,  I.  590,  2  b. 

Negro  plot,  alleged,  in  New  York  (1741),  XII. 
407,  1  b. 

Negropont,  island :  see  Ettbcea.  City :  see 
Ciialcis. 

Negropon'te,  channel :  see  Eitripus. 

Negro  slavery,  origin  of,  XY.  95,  1  c.  Num¬ 
ber  enslaved,  98,  2  b. 

Negundo  (botany),  XI.  140,  2  c.  N.  aceroides, 
ib.  (ill.,  141). 

Negus,  Abyssinian  regal  title,  I.  46,  1  a  ;  XIII. 
827,  1  a. 

Nehavend  [na-lia-vend'],  battle  of,  XYI.  785, 
2  ah ;  XIII.  323,  1  ab ;  XIY.  638,  1  a. 

Neiiemiah,  governor  of  Judea,  and  book  of, 
XII.  217.  See  Hebrews,  YIII.  590,  2  ab. 
“  Well  of  Nehemiah,”  XII.  619,  1  b. 

Neher,  Bernhard  von  [na'-er],  German  painter, 
XII.  217. 

Nehiroirini :  see  Nascapees. 

Nehlig,  Yictor  [na'-lig],  American  painter, 
XII.  217. 

Neilgherriet :  see  Neilgherry  Hills  (Index). 

Neilgheery  Hills  [neel-gh&r'-e],  India,  XII. 
218;  YII.  789,  2  b,  be. 

Neilsville ,  county  seat,  IY.  636,  2  a. 

Neipperg,  Count  Albert  Adam  von  [nl'-pairg], 
second  husband  of  Maria  Louisa,  III.  48, 1  a. 

Neisse  [nT-s&h],  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  218. 

Neit-aher  [nait-a'-ker],  (Nitocris),  YI.  460, 1  a. 

Neith  [naith],  Egyptian  goddess,  XII.  116,  1  c. 

Nejd :  see  Nedjed. 

Nekrasojf  [ne-kra'-sof],  Russian  poet  and  Ni¬ 
hilist,  XIY.  499,  1  b,  2  a. 

NSlaton,  Auguste  [na-la-tong],  surgeon,  XII.218. 

Nelson,  three  counties,  XII.  218. 

Nelson,  province  of  New  Zealand,  XII.  219. 
Capital,  1  b. 

Nelson,  David,  American  clergyman,  XII.  219. 

Nelson,  Horatio,  Yiscount,  British  admiral, 
XII.  219.  Battle  of  Cape  St.  Yincent,  220, 
1  a;  of  the  Nile,  1  c.  Treatment  of  the 
Neapolitan  insurgents,  2  be.  Connection 
with  Lady  Hamilton,  221,  1  b,  be.  Attack 
on  Copenhagen,  1  c.  Battle  of  Trafalgar, 


2  c.  nis  friendship  for  Lord  Collingwood, 
Y.  75,  2  ab,  c. 

Nelson,  Samuel,  American  jurist,  XII.  222. 
Nelson,  Thomas,  statesman,  XII.  222. 

Nelson  River,  British  America,  XII.  223. 
Nelumbium  (botany) :  see  Water  Lily,  XYI. 
504,  1  a.  N.  luteum,  1  b  (ill.).  N.  specio- 
sum,  1  c ;  X.  649,  1  c. 

Nelumbo,  plant,  XYI.  504,  1  a  (ill.). 

Nem'aha,  two  counties,  XII.  223. 

Nematoidea  (entozoa),  YI.  668,  1  ab. 

Nemausus :  see  Nimes. 

Neme'an  Games,  in  ancient  Greece,  XII.  223. 
Nemean  lion,  fight  with  the,  YIII.  679,  1  be. 
Nemesianus,  Marcus  Aurelius  Olympius,  Latin 
poet,  XII.  223. 

Nem'esis,  in  Grecian  mythology,  XII.  224. 
See  Adrastea. 

Neme'sius,  bishop  and  philosopher,  XII.  224. 
Nemet'acum ,  Nemetocen'na :  see  Arras. 
Neme'tum:  see  Clermont,  IY.  673,  1  c. 

Nemi  [na'-me],  lake  of  Italy,  XII.  224. 
Nemorensis,  lacus :  see  Nemi. 

Nemossus:  see  Clermont,  IY.  673,  1  c. 
Nemours,  Louis  Charles  Philippe  Raphael  d’Or- 
16ans,  duke  de  [nuli-moor],  French  prince, 

XII.  224. 

Nena  Saotb  :  see  Nana  Sahib  (Index). 
Nennius,  British  historian,  XII.  224. 
Neograd:  see  N6grad. 

Neocastro :  see  Navarino. 

Neoc'orys  Spraguei  [spra'-ghe-i],  (ornithology), 
XY.  774,  1  c. 

Neo-grecque  architecture  [na-o-grek],  I.  666, 1  a. 
Ne'ophron  perenop' terus  (ornithology),  XYI. 
413,  1  a. 

Neo-Platonism,  XII.  224.  See  Alexandrian 
ScnooL;  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  810,  1  c; 
and  Philosophy,  XIII.  439,  1  a. 
Neoptol'emus,  son  of  Achilles,  XII.  225.  Offi¬ 
cer  of  Alexander  the  Great,  2  a. 

Neo'siio,  county,  XII.  225. 

Neosho,  county  seat,  XII.  345,  1  b.  River,  IX. 
748,  1  a. 

Neos'orex  (zoology),  XY.  7,  2  b. 

Neot'oma  (zoology),  XIY.  212,  2  b.  N.  Flori- 
dana,  ib.  (ill.). 

Nepa  (entomology),  YIII.  629,  2  c.  N.  cinerea, 
XYI.  500,  1  ab  (ill.).  N.  apiculata,  ib. 
Nepaul',  kingdom  of  India,  XII.  225. 
Nepaulese  language,  IX.  216,  2  c;  218,  1  ab, 
Nepen'the,  Egyptian  drug,  XII.  227. 
Nepenthes  (botany) :  see  Pitcher  Plants, 

XIII.  549,  2  c.  N.  distillatoria,  550, 1  be  (ill.). 


542 


NEPETA 


NESTORIUS 


Nep’eta  cata'ria  (botany),  IY.  121,  2  c  (ill.,  122). 

Neplielium  litchi  (botany),  X.  525,  1  ab.  Oth¬ 
er  species,  1  c. 

Nephi,  county  seat,  IX.  695,  2  a. 

Neph! ila  plul mipes  (entomology),  XY.  42,  2  c. 

Nephralgia :  see  Neuralgia,  XII.  257,  2  b. 

Neph'rite:  see  Jade  Nephrite. 

Nephritis ,  desquamative:  see  Fevers,  YII.  170, 
2  b.  Tubal  nephritis,  ib. 

Nepigon:  see  Nipigon. 

Nepissing :  see  Nipissing  (lake). 

Nepomucen',  John,  saint,  XII.  227. 

Nepomuk ,  John  of  [na'-po-mook] :  see  Nepo¬ 
mucen. 

Nepos,  Cornelius,  Roman  author,  XII.  227 ;  X. 
195,  1  ab. 

Nepos ,  Julius ,  Roman  emperor,  XYI.  565,  1  c. 

Neptune,  god  of  the  sea,  XII.  227. 

Neptune,  planet,  XII.  228.  Discovery  of, 
YII.  575,  1  b.  Previous  calculation  of  its 
place  by  Leverrier,  X.  378,  2  b  ;  by  Adams, 
I.  98,  1  b.  Observed  by  Lalande,  and  mis¬ 
taken  for  a  star:  see  Walker,  Sears  Cook, 
XYI.  430,  1  a.  Paper  on  its  discovery  by 
Prof.  Peirce,  XIII.  228,  1  b.  Satellite  of, 
first  discovered,  XII.  567,  1  a. 

Neptune  grotto ,  Adelsberg,  I.  114,  1  b. 

Neptunists ,  in  geology,  YII.  689,  1  b. 

Nerac  [na-rak],  town  of  France,  XII.  229. 

Ner'acum, :  see  Nerao. 

Nerbud'da,  river  of  India,  XII.  229. 

Nereids  [ne'-re-ids],  in  mythology:  see  Ne- 
reus,  Nymphs,  and  Fairies,  YII.  63,  2  a. 

Nereids,  sea  centipedes,  XII.  229  (ill.). 

Nere’is  (annelida),  XII.  229,  2  a. 

Nereus  [ne'-ruce],  in  mythology,  XII.  229. 

Neri,  Filippo  de’  [da  na'-re],  (St.  Philip  Neri), 
XII.  230. 

Neri  (blacks),  Guelphic  faction  at  Florence,  Y. 
670,  2  c,  ff. ;  YII.  277,  2  a;  YIII.  297,  1  b. 

Neriglissar ,  king  of  Babylonia,  II.  190,  1  a. 

Nerium  (botany) :  see  Oleander,  XII.  613,  2  a. 
N.  oleander,  2  b  (ills.). 

Nero,  Roman  emperor,  XII.  230.  See  Agrip¬ 
pina,  I.  209,  1  b. 

Nero,  Claudius :  see  Claudius  Nero. 

Nero,  Claudius  Drusus  :  see  Drusus. 

Nero,  Claudius  Tiberius :  see  Claudius  Nero, 
Tiberius. 

Nero  Germanicus,  Tiberius  Claudius  Drusus : 
see  Claudius  I. 

Nero'li  [It.  na'-ro-le] :  see  Orange,  XII.  663, 
2  c ;  Perfume,  XIII.  289,  2  b. 

Neronia,  ancient  city,  I.  773,  1  a. 


NERTcniNSK  [nSr-chinsk'j,  town  of  Siberia, 
XII.  231.  Peace  of,  2  be;  I.  433,  2  b. 
Nerthus :  see  IIertha. 

Nerva,  Marcus  Cocceius,  Roman  emperor,  XII. 

231.  Referred  to,  X.  197,  2  be. 

Nerval,  Gerard  de :  see  Gerard  de  Nerval. 
Nerve,  XII.  232.  Ischiatic  nerve  (ill.),  ib. 
Nervousfilaments,  1  be  (ill.).  Cranial  and  spi¬ 
nal  nerves,  235,  1  c  (ill.).  Olfactory  nerves, 
XY.  Ill,  2  b ;  of  reptiles,  XII.  236,  1  a. 
Motor  nerves,  233,  1  a ;  236,  1  c,  2  be ;  237, 
2  be.  Sensitive  nerves,  233,  1  a;  236,  1  c, 
2  ab.  Nerves  of  special  sense,  ib.,  2  b.  Ex- 
cito-motory  nerves,  2  a.  Spinal  nerves,  237, 
2  a.  See  Brain. — Lesser  internal  cutaneous 
nerve:  see  W  risberg.  Nerves  of  taste,  XY. 
581,  2  b.  Recurrent  laryngeal  nerves,  XYI. 
398,  2  c. 

Nerve  Cell,  XII.  233  (ill.). 

Nerve  fibres,  III.  186,  2  c  (ill.) ;  XII.  232,  1  be 
(ill.). 

Nerve-root ,  medicinal,  X.  91,  1  a. 

Nervii,  ancient  people  of  Gaul,  XII.  233. 
Nervine,  medicinal  substance,  X.  91,  1  a. 
Nervous  filaments,  XII.  232,  1  be  (ill.). 

Nervous  force ,  XII.  236,  1  b. 

Nervous  System,  XII.  233.  Of  radiata,  234, 

1  b*;  of  mollusca,  ib. ;  of  articulata,  1  c; 
of  vertebrata,  2  b  (ills.).  Functions  of  the 
several  parts  of,  236, 1  a.  Nature  of  nervous 
force,  237,  1  ab.  Reflex  action  of  spinal 
cord,  238,  1  a.  Sympathetic  or  ganglionic 
system,  1  c.  Nervous  diseases,  2  b.  See 
Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  and  Neuralgia. 

Nesho'ba,  county,  XII.  239. 

Neslchi  [nes'-ke],  Arabic  written  character,  I. 

623,  1  a.  Referred  to,  Y.  561,  2  b,  c. 

Nesiim  [nes-e-eem'J :  see  Hebrews,  YIII.  594,2  c, 
Ness,  county,  XII.  239. 

Ness,  Loch ,  lake  of  Scotland,  IX.  325,  1  a. 
Nesselrode,  Karl  Robert  von,  count  [nes'-sel- 
ro-d&h],  Russian  statesman,  XII.  239.  His 
circular  respecting  Russian  commerce,  XIII. 
671,  2  b.  Alluded  to,  I.  283,  2  b. 

Nestor,  legendary  Grecian  hero,  XII.  240. 
Nestor,  Russian  chronicler,  XII.  240. 

Nestor  (ornithology),  IY.  785,  1  c.  N.  pro- 
ductus  (ill.).  N.  australis,  2  a. 

Nestorian  character  (writing),  XY.  548,  1  a. 
Nestorians,  religious  sect,  XII.  240.  History, 

2  a.  Present  condition,  241, 1  a.  Protestant 
missions  among  them,  2  b;  XI.  647,  2  a. 
See  Barsuma. 

Nestorius,  patriarch  of  Constantinople,  XII. 


NEST 


NEVADA 


543 


241.  His  doctrine  of  the  nature  of  Christ, 
2  c.  See  Eutyciies,  VI.  791,  1  b ;  Mono- 
rnYSiTEs,  XI.  757,  1  b. 

Nest,  of  anthracite,  I.  550,  1  c. 

Nests,  birds',  II.  655,  1  a,  ff. 

Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam,  origin  of  the  phrase, 
I.  581,  2  a. 

Netherlands,  country  of  Europe,  XII.  242. 
Kingdom,  1  c.  Hydrography,  2  b.  Surface, 
soil,  productions,  &c.,  243, 1  c.  Population, 
2  c.  Industries,  244, 1  ab.  Commerce,  1  c. 
Public  institutions,  2  b.  Education,  245, 

1  a.  Religion,  1  ab.  Government,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory,  246,  1  c.  Kingdom  of  the,  established, 
249,  1  c ;  II.  491,  1  ab. 

Netherlands,  Language  and  Literature  of  the, 
XII.  249. 

Netsciier,  Gaspar  or  Kaspar,  Dutch  painter, 
XII.  253.  Theodore,  2  c.  Constantine,  ib. 
Nettapus  (ornithology),  VIII.  105,  1  a;  107, 

2  be.  N.  Coromandelianus,  2  c. 

Nettement,  Alfred  Francois  [net-ma"e],  French 

author,  XII.  254.  Francis,  author,  1  ab. 
Nettion  [net'-te-un],  (ornithology),  XV.  603, 

1  be.  N.  Carolinensis,  2  a  (ill.). 

Nettle,  plant,  XII.  254.  Small  nettle,  2  a  (ill.). 
Wood  nettle^  255, 1  a.  False  nettle,  ib. ;  dead 
nettle,  ib. 

Nettle  Rash,  XII.  255. 

Nettleton,  Asahel,  American  clergyman,  XII. 
255. 

Nettle  Tree:  see  Hackberry,  and  Elm,  VI. 
551,  2  c. 

Neubeck  [noi'-bek] :  see  Achard,  Franz  Karl. 
Neu-Brandenburg,  town,  Germany,  XII.  255. 
Neu-Breisach  :  see  Breisach. 

Neuchdtel:  see  Neufchatel. 

Neuf-Brisach :  see  Breisach. 

Neufchatel  [niih-sha-tel],  canton  of  Switzer¬ 
land,  XII.  256.  Lake,  1  a.  Town,  1  c.  Cas¬ 
tle  of,  2  a  (ill.). 

Neufchatel  asphaltic  rock,  XIII.  193,  1  c. 
Neufchatel  cheese,  IV.  351,  2  c. 

Neuhof,  Theodor  von,  baron  [noi'-hofe],  Ger¬ 
man  adventurer,  XII.  256.  King  of  Corsica, 

2  c.  Col.  Frederick,  257,  1  a. 

Neuilly  [nuh-ye],  town  of  France,  XII.  257. 
Count  of  (Louis  Philippe),  1  ab.  Countess 
of  (Marie  Am61ie),  XI.  162,  1  c. 

Neukomm,  Sigismund,  chevalier  [noi'-kum], 
German  composer,  XII.  257. 

Neumann,  Karl  Friedrich  [noi'-man],  German 
orientalist,  XII.  257. 

Neumann ,  Major,  pseudonyme,  XVI.  G16,  1  b. 


Neumeyer  powder  [noi'-mi-er],  VII.  36,  1  c. 
Neu-Pilsen :  see  Pilsen,  XIII.  517,  2  ab. 
Neuralgia,  disease,  XII.  257.  Referred  to, 
VIII.  133,  1  a.  Neuralgia  of  the  brain,  III. 
202,  2  c. 

Neurapoph’yses,  in  anatomy,  XIII.  425,  1  a. 
Neureuther,  Eugen  [noi'-roi-ter],  German 
painter,  XII.  258. 

Neurop'tera,  order  of  insects,  XII.  258. 
Neurilemma :  see  Nerve,  XII.  232,  1  b. 
Neurom'ata :  see  Neuralgia,  XII.  258, 1  a. 
Neuro'nia  fascia' ta  (entomology),  III.  535, 1  c. 
Neuro'ses ,  nervous  affections,  III.  204,  2  be. 
Neuroskeleton,  XIII.  424,  1  a,  c. 

Neurypnology,  I.  527,  1  b. 

Neusatz  [noi'-sats],  town  of  Hungary,  XII.  258. 
Neuse,  river  of  North  Carolina,  XII.  258. 
Neusiedler  Lake  [noi'-zeed-ler],  XII.  259. 
Neuss  [noice],  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  259. 
Neu-Stkelitz  [noi-stra'-lits],  capital  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Strelitz,  XII.  259.  Alt-Strelitz,  1  c. 
Neus'tria,  former  kingdom  in  France,  XII. 
259  ;  VII.  379,  1  a-c. 

Neuters,  ants,  I.  540, 1  ab;  541, 1  a.  Bees,  II. 
452,  1  ab  ;  453,  2  be. 

Neuters,  American  Indians,  XII.  259.  See 
Attiwandaronk. 

Neutra  [noi'-tra],  county  of  Hungary,  XII. 
259.  Town,  2  b. 

Neutral  Nation,  of  Indians,  II.  96,  1  a. 
Neutrality,  in  international  law,  XII.  259. 
Baltic  code  of,  260,  2  a.  Contraband  of  war, 
261,  1  a.  Right  of  search,  1  c.  Law  of 
blockade,  2  a.  Law  of  marine  insurance, 
2  be. — Neutrality  policy  of  Washington  and 
Adams,  I.  90,  2  c ;  91,  2  a:  see  Genest. 
Neutrals ,  rights  and  duties  of,  X.  226,  2  c,  228, 
1  be ;  XIV.  21,  1  a.  See  Blockade,  Con¬ 
traband,  and  Neutrality. 

Neutral  vessels,  treatment  of  by  decree  of  the 
French  directory,  1. 115,  1  b  (Adet). 
Neuville,  Hyde  de :  see  Hyde  de  Neuyille. 
Neuwied  [noi'-veet],  town,  XII.  262.  Princes 
of,  2  a.  Hermann,  soldier  and  author,  ib. 
William,  ib.  Maximilian,  traveller,  2  ab. 
Neva  [neh'-va],  river  of  Russia,  XII.  262 ;  XIV. 
550,  2  a. 

Nevada  [ne-va'-da],  state,  XII.  262.  State  seal 
(ill.),  263.  Population,  1  a.  Topography,  2 ab. 
Rivers,  2  be.  Lakes,  264,  1  a.  Springs,  1  c. 
Salt  deposits,  &c.,  2  b.  Geology,  265,  1  b. 
Minerals,  2  a ;  silver  mines,  2  b.  Climate, 
266, 1  c.  Flora,  2  a.  Fauna,  267,  1  be.  Ag¬ 
riculture,  1  c.  Manufactures,  2  a.  Govern- 


544 


NEVADA 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


ment,  2  c.  Finances,  268, 1  be.  Public  insti¬ 
tutions,  2  c.  Education,  ib.  Libraries,  &c., 
269,  1  be.  History,  1  c. 

Nevada,  two  counties,  XII.  269. 

Nevada,  county  seats,  XII.  270, 1  a ;  XV.  406, 1  b. 
Nevers  [nub-vair],  town  of  France,  XII.  270. 
Neyiansk  [nev-yansk'],  Russia,  XII.  270. 
Neville’’ s  Cross  [nev'-ils],  battle  of,  III.  352,  2  c ; 
memorial,  VI.  330,  1  c. 

Nev'in,  John  Williamson,  American  clergyman, 
XII.  270. 

Nevis,  island,  West  Indies,  XII.  270. 

New  Albany,  city  of  Indiana,  XII.  270  (view). 
New  Albany,  county  seat,  XVI.  112,  1  a. 

New  Albion:  see  Albion,  New,  and  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  XII.  310,  2  c. 

New  Almaden',  California,  III.  602,  2  b ;  XI. 
401,  1  be. 

New  Amsterdam  (New  York),  XVI.  151,  1  c, 
2  a ;  XII.  407,  1  a. 

New  Archangel :  see  Sitka  (Index). 

Newark,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XII.  271. 
Newark,  city  of  Ohio,  XII.  273. 

Newark,  borough  of  England,  XII.  273. 
Newark  lime  and  manufacturing  company :  see 
Kingston,  X.  8,  2  c. 

Ne'wars ,  Nepaulese  tribe,  XII.  226,  2  ab. 
Newaygo,  county,  XII.  273. 

Newaygo,  county  seat,  XII.  273,  2  a. 

New  Barcelona :  see  Barcelona,  II.  304,  2  c. 
New  Bedford,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XII. 
273  (view). 

New’bern,  city :  see  New  Berne. 

Newbern,  county  seat,  XIV.  77,  2  c. 

New  Berne,  city  of  North  Carolina,  XII.  274. 
New'berry,  county,  XII.  274. 

Newberry,  John  Strong,  American  geologist, 
XII.  275. 

Neicberry  C.  IT.,  county  seat,  XII.  274,  2  c. 

New  Biscay :  see  Durango,  VI.  326,  2  c. 

New  Braunfels,  county  seat,  V.  131,  2  b. 

New  Brighton,  N.  Y. :  see  Staten  Island. 
New  Brighton,  Pennsylvania,  XII.  275. 

New  Britain,  islands  of,  XII.  275. 

New  Britain,  town  of  Connecticut,  XII.  275. 
New  Brunswick,  province  of  Canada,  XII.  275. 

Industrial  statistics,  822-’3  (Appendix). 

New  Brunswick,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XII.  278. 
Newburgh,  city  of  New  York,  XII.  279  (view). 
Newbury,  England,  first  battle  of,  IV.  280,  2  c  ; 
second,  V.  502,  1  c. 

Newburyport,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XII.  280 
(view).  University  of  modern  languages,  XI. 
257, 1  a. 


New  Calabar  :  see  Calabar. 

New  Caledonia,  island  of  Australasia,  XII. 
281.  Numea,  2  c  (view). 

New  Castle,  county  of  Delaware,  XII.  282. 

New  Castle,  borough  of  Pennsylvania, XII.  282. 

New  Castle,  county  seats,  V.  454,  2  a;  X.  230, 
1  a ;  XII.  282,  1  c. 

Newcastle,  county  seats,  VIII.  640,  2  c ;  641, 
1  b ;  XII.  500,  1  a. 

Newcastle,  William  Cavendish,  duke  of,  Eng¬ 
lish  general,  XII.  282.  Margaret  Cavendish, 
duchess  of,  authoress,  2  be. 

Newcastle,  or  Newcastle-under-Lyme,  Thomas 
Holies  Pelham,  duke  of,  English  statesman, 
XII.  283.  Henry  Pelham  Fiennes  Pelham 
Clinton,  duke  of,  statesman,  2  a.  Henry 
Pelham  Alexander,  sixth  duke  of,  2  c. 

Newcastle-under-Lyme,  borough  of  England, 
XII.  283. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  borough  of  England, 
XII.  284  (view). 

New  City ,  county  seat,  XIV.  369,  2  c. 

Newcomb,  Harvey  [nu'-kum],  American  cler¬ 
gyman  and  author,  XII.  285. 

Newcomb,  Simon,  astronomer,  XII.  285. 

Newcome,  William,  English  archbishop, XII.285. 

Newcomen  engine ,  XV.  339,  2  be,  340,  1  a  (ill.). 

New  Creek,  county  seat,  XI.  577,  1  b. 

New  Dungeness,  county  seat,  IV.  629,  1  a. 

Newell,  Robert  Henry,  American  humorist, 
XII.  285. 

Newell,  Samuel,  missionary,  XII.  285.  Har¬ 
riet  Atwood,  his  wife,  2  c. 

New  England,  XII.  286 ;  XVI.  150,  2  b. 

New  England  Primer,  XVI.  568,  2  b. 

Newfield  (Bridgeport),  III.  280,  2  a. 

New  Florence ,  slave  station,  III.  721,  1  a. 

Newfoundland  [nu'-fund-land],  colony  of  Brit¬ 
ish  America,  XII.  286.  Island,  1  b.  Descrip¬ 
tion,  2  ab.  Geology,  287,  2  ab.  Minerals, 
288,  1  a.  Climate,  1  b.  Flora,  1  c.  Agri¬ 
culture,  2  ab.  Fauna,  2  c.  Fisheries,  ib. 
Commerce,  &c.,  289, 1  a.  Government,  2  b. 
Education,  290,  1  a.  History,  2  a. 

Newfoundland  Dog:  see  Dog,  VI.  180,  2  a 
(ill.);  XII.  288,  2  be;  XV.  228,  1  c. 

New  France,  French  colony,  XII.  278,  2  b. 

Newgate  prison,  London,  X.  594,  1  a;  611, 1  c. 

New  Granada  :  see  Colombia.  Antiquities 
of,  I.  398,  2  b. 

New  Greek  school  of  art,  VII.  776,  1  b. 

New  Guinea:  see  Papua. 

New  Hampshire,  state,  XII.  291.  State  seal 
(ill.).  Population,  2  be.  Topography,  292, 


NEW  HAMPTON 


NEW  LONDON 


545 


1  c.  Divers,  2  c.  Lakes,  293,  1  b.  Geology 
and  minerals,  1  c.  Soil  and  climate,  2  c. 
Flora  and  fauna,  294, 1  b.  Agriculture,  1  be. 
Manufactures,  2  a.  Commerce,  295,  1  b. 
Intercommunication,  2  b.  Banks,  &c.,  296, 
1  ab.  Government,  1  b.  Finances,  297,  1  a. 
Public  institutions,  2  b.  Education,  298, 1  a. 
Libraries,  &c.,  2  b.  History,  299,  1  ab. 
“New  Hampshire  Grants,”  XVI.  318,  1  a; 
554,  1  a;  I.  328,  2  a. 

New  Hampton,  county  seat,  IV.  418,  2  b. 

New  Hanover,  county,  XII.  299. 

New  Harmony,  town  of  Indiana,  XII.  299; 

750,  2  a ;  X.  799,  1  be. 

New  Haven,  county,  XII.  299. 

New  Haven,  city,  Connecticut,  XII.  300  (view). 
New  Hebrides,  islands,  Pacific  ocean,  XII.  301. 
New  Helvetia ,  fort  of,  XIV.  512,  2  b. 

New  Holland  :  see  Australia. 

New  Holland  vultures ,  III.  367,  1  b. 

New  Iberia,  county  seat,  IX.  142,  1  b. 
Newichawannoc ,  river,  XIII.  541,  2  c. 

New  Ida,  county  seat,  IX.  165,  2  b. 

New  Idria,  California,  VII.  489, 1  c ;  XI.  401, 2  a. 
New  Ilium,  ancient  city,  XVI.  10,  1  a.  Bank 
of,  II.  273,  1  b. 

New  Independents,  religious  sect,  IX.  199,  2  b. 
New  Ireland,  island,  S.  Pacific,  XII.  301. 

New  Jersey,  state,  XII.  302.  State  seal  (ill.). 
Population,  1  c.  Hydrography,  303,  1  a.  To'- 
pography,  1  b.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  a. 
Natural  curiosities,  304,  2  be.  Climate,  2  c. 
Soil,  305, 1  a.  Productions,  1  ab.  Agriculture, 

1  be.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Commerce,  306,1  c. 
Intercommunication,  307, 1  a.  Government, 

2  c.  Finances,  308,  2  a.  Public  institutions, 
2  c.  Education,  309,  1  b.  Libraries,  &c., 
310, 1  c.  Religious  organizations,  2  b.  His¬ 
tory,  ib.  Origin  of  the  name,  XVI.  151,  2  a. 

New  Jersey,  College  of :  see  Princeton,  XIII. 

842,  2  b  (ill.).  Establishment  of,  812,  2  c. 
New  Jersey  Tea,  plant,  XII.  312  (ill.). 

New  Jerusalem,  church  of  the,  XII.  312.  Doc¬ 
trines  of :  see  Swedenborg. 

New  Kent,  county,  XII.  312. 

New  Kent  G.  H,  county  seat,  XII.  312,  2  c. 
New  Lanark  :  see  Lanark,  X.  133,  2  b. 

New  Lebanon,  town  of  New  York,  XII.  312. 
Mount  Lebanon,  Shaker  settlement,  313, 1  a ; 
X.  298,  1  c,  2  a. 

New  Leon  :  see  Nuevo  Leon. 

New  Lights ,  religious  sect  so  called,  II.  201, 1  b. 
New  Lisbon,  county  seats,  V.  122,  2  b ;  IX. 
713,  2  a. 

35 


New  London,  county,  XII.  313. 

New  London,  city,  Connecticut,  XII.  313  (view). 
New  London,  county  seat,  XIV.  193,  2  c. 

New  Mad'rid,  county,  XII.  314. 

New  Madrid ,  county  seat,  XII.  314,  1  c. 
Newman,  Edward,  English  naturalist,  XII.  314. 
Newman,  John  Henry,  clergyman  and  author, 
XII.  314.  Francis  William,  author,  315,  2  c. 
Newmarket,  town  of  England,  XII.  316. 

New  Martinsville,  county  seat,  XVI.  578,  2  c. 
New  Mexico,  territory,  XII.  316.  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Surface,  317,  1  be.  Rivers,  2  b. 
Geology,  2  c.  Minerals,  318,  1  a.  Climate, 
2  a.  Diseases,  2  b.  Productions,  2  c.  Agri¬ 
culture,  319,  1  b.  Manufactures,  1  c.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  a.  Government,  2  b. 
Education,  2  c.  Religious  organizations,  320, 
1  b.  History,  1  be. 

New  Milford,  town  of  Connecticut,  XII.  321. 
Newnan,  county  seat,  V.  441,  2  b. 

New  Netherland:  see  New  York,  XII.  371, 
1  ab,  and  XVI.  151,  1  c. 

New  Orange  (Albany,  N.  Y.),  I.  248,  2  a. 

New  Oregon,  county  seat,  IX.  18,  1  ab. 

New  Or'leans,  capital  of  Louisiana,  XII.  321 
(view).  Suburbs,  2  a.  Streets,  322,  2  b. 
Public  buildings,  323,  1  ab.  Diseases,  2  c. 
Population,  324,  1  a.  Intercommunication, 

1  be.  Commerce,  2  b.  Manufactures,  325, 

2  b.  Government,  326,  1  a.  Markets,  2  b. 
Charitable  associations,  327,  1  b.  Educa¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Churches,  328,  2  a.  History,  2  ab. 
Founding  of,  ib. ;  II.  629,  2  c.  Battle  of, 
IX.  490,  1  a. 

New  Philadelphia,  county  seat,  XVI.  84,  1  b. 
New  Philippines  :  see  Caroline  Islands. 

New  Philippines :  see  Texas,  XV.  676,  2  ab. 
Newport,  county,  XII.  329. 

Newport,  city  of  Rhode  Island,  XII.  329  (view). 

“  Old  mill,”  330,  1  a  (ill.). 

Newport,  city  of  Kentucky,  XII.  330. 
Newport,  county  seats,  IV.  787,  2  c;  XV.  451, 
1  a ;  XVI.  311,  2  b. 

Newport,  borough  of  Monmouthshire,  England, 
XII.  330.  Of  Hampshire,  331,  1  b. 
Newport,  Christopher,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Jamestown,  Va.,  XII.  331. 

New  Providence,  Bahama  island,  XII.  331. 
New  road,  London,  X.  593,  1  c. 

New  Ross,  borough  of  Ireland,  XII.  331. 

New  Russia  (Yekaterinoslav),  XVI.  779,  1  a, 
Newry,  borough  of  Ireland,  XII.  331. 

New  Sarum :  see  Salisbury. 

New  Servia  (Yekaterinoslav),  XVI.  779,  1  a. 


546 


NEW  SOUTH 


NEW  YORK 


New  south  shoal ,  off  Nantucket,  V.  710,  2  c. 
New  SouthWales,  colony,  Australia,  XII.  331. 
New  Spain :  see  Mexico,  XI.  476,  1  c. 

New  Sweden ,  settlement  in  Delaware,  Y.  774, 

1  be;  XI.  622,  1  a;  XVI.  151,  1  c. 

Neva  Syr  os ,  town :  see  Syea. 

Newspapees,  XII.  334.  English,  1  b  ;  French, 

336,  1  c ;  Italian,  338,  1  a ;  Spanish,  1  c ; 
Portuguese,  2  a  ;  German  and  Austrian,  2  b ; 
Hungarian,  339,  2  be;  Turkish,  340,  1  a; 
Greek,  1  b ;  Dutch  and  Belgian,  ib. ;  Swiss, 

2  a ;  Russian,  2  b ;  Scandinavian,  341,  1  a ; 
Chinese,  1  b ;  East  Indian,  1  c ;  English  colo¬ 
nial,  2  a ;  Hawaiian  and  Japanese,  2  b ;  South 
American,  ib. ;  American,  342, 1  ab.  See  Ad- 
veetisement,  and  Peeiodical  Liteeatuee. 

Newspaper  Directory ,  American ,  I.  139,  1  b. 
Newstead  Abbey,  family  seat  of  Lord  Byron, 
XII.  344  (ill.). 

Newt  :  see  Teiton. 

New  Testament:  see  Bible. 

New  Toledo:  see  Cumana,  Y.  565,  2  b. 
Newton,  name  of  six  counties,  XII.  344. 
Newton,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XII.  345. 
Newton ,  county  seats,  II.  228,  1  c ;  IY.  103, 
2  c ;  Y.  642,  1  c;  YIII.  503,  1  a;  IX.  571, 
2  a,  2  b ;  XII.  344,  2  c ;  XY.  494,  1  b. 
Newton  (Wilmington,  N.  C.),  XYI.  649,  1  b. 
Newton,  Charles  Thomas,  English  archaeologist, 
XII.  345.  His  discovery  of  the  Mausoleum, 
YIII.  393,  1  c. 

Newton,  Gilbert  Stuart,  painter,  XII.  345. 
Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  philosopher,  XII.  346.  His 
improvements  in  telescopes,  2  a,  be.  Optical 
researches,  347,  1  a;  Y.  96,  1  a;  YI.  746, 

1  c ;  X.  435, 1  be,  440,  2  be,  443,  1  c,  444, 

2  a;  XII.  654,  1  a.  Theory  of  gravitation, 
347,  2  ab ;  of  the  earth’s  figure,  2  be,  YI. 
355,  1  ab,  c.  His  Principia,  XI.  317,  2  b, 
318, 1  ab  ;  XII.  348,  1  be.  His  quarrel  with 
Flamsteed,  2  c;  VII.  258,  2  ab.  Dispute 
■with  Leibnitz,  X.  324,  1  b ;  XII.  349,  1  b. 
His  writings,  2  a.  Investigations  in  hydro¬ 
mechanics,  IX.  116,  1  a.  His  opinion  of 
Huygens,  98,  2  be.  Term  polarization  sug¬ 
gested  by  him,  X.  445,  1  be. 

Newton,  John,  clergyman,  XII.  350. 

Newton,  Major  Gen.  John ,  blasting  operations 
of,  II.  702,  2  a  (ill.). 

Newton,  Robert,  English  clergyman,  XII.  351. 
Newton,  Thomas,  bishop,  XII.  351. 

Newton's  rings:  see  Light,  X.  444,  1  b  (ill.). 
Newton's  scale  :  see  Light,  X.  444,  2  b. 
Newtown  (Cambridge,  Mass.),  III.  643,  1  c. 


Newtown  (Hartford),  YIII.  488,  2  c. 

New  Dim,  county  seat,  III.  335,  1  be. 

New  Westminstee,  capital  of  British  Colum. 
bia,  XII.  351. 

New  Yeae’s  Day,  XII.  351. 

New  Yoek,  state,  XII.  352.  State  seal  (ill.), 
353.  Population,  352,  2  b.  Boundaries  and 
islands,  353,  2  be.  Rivers,  354,  1  ab.  Lakes, 
2  a.  Topography,  2  b.  Geology,  355,  2  be. 
Productions,  357,  1  b.  Climate,  1  c.  Natu¬ 
ral  curiosities,  2  a.  Mineral  springs,  2  b. 
Agriculture,  2  c.  Manufactures,  358,  2  a. 
Commerce,  360,  1  a.  Railroads,  2  a.  Canals, 
362,  1  c.  Banks,  &c.,  363,  1  c.  Govern¬ 
ment,  364,  1  a.  Finances,  365,  2  a.  Public 
institutions,  366,  1  a.  Prison  system,  367, 
1  a.  Education,  2  a.  Newspapers,  &c., 
370,  1  b.  Religious  organizations,  2  b.  His¬ 
tory,  371,  1  a.  Leisler’s  revolt,  X.  330,  2  a. 
New  Yoek,  city,  XII.  373.  (Map.)  Component 
parts,  2  ab.  Streets,  374,  2  a.  Buildings, 
375,  1  b;  new  post  office,  376,  1  c  (ill.); 
custom  house,  2  b  (ill.) ;  Grand  Central 
depot,  377,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  Masonic  temple,  1  c 
(ill.).  Churches,  377,  2  b ;  Trinity  church, 

377,  2  c  (ill.,  378) ;  Reformed  (Dutch)  church, 

378,  2  c  (ill.,  379) ;  Temple  Emanuel,  379, 

1  b  (ill.);  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  379, 

2  a  (ill.,  380).  Parks,  379,  2  c.  Cemeteries, 
381,  1  a.  Climate,  1  b.  Population,  2  b. 
Hotels,  382,  2  c.  Intercommunication,  383, 

1  c.  Harbor,  384,  1  ab.  Foreign  commerce, 

2  b.  Immigrants,  387,  2  a.  Quarantine,  2  b. 
Domestic  receipts  and  exports,  2  c.  Finan¬ 
cial  institutions,  390,  2  a.  Government,  392, 

1  c.  Manufactures,  391,  2  ab.  Water  sup¬ 
ply,  394,  1  b.  Health,  2  b.  Markets,  2  c. 
Finances,  395,  2  a.  Post  office,  2  c.  Pubhe 
institutions,  396,  1  a.  Private  charitable 
institutions,  397,  1  c.  Religious  societies, 
400,  1  c.  Education,  400,  2  b ;  normal 
college,  401,  2  b  (ill.,  402).  Scientific  and 
art  societies,  404,  1  a;  national  academy  of 
design,  2  a  (ill.).  Places  of  amusement,  2  b  ; 
Booth’s  theatre,  ib.  (ill.).  Clubs,  405,  1  b. 
Libraries,  1  c ;  Lenox  library,  2  c  (ill.,  406). 
Statistics  of  churches,  406,  1  a.  The  press, 

2  a.  History,  2  b.  Leisler’s  revolt,  X.  330k 
2  a.  Fires  in  :  see  Conflagkations,  Y.  237, 
1  b.  Origin  of  name,  XYI.  151,  2  a.  Police 
of,  XIII.  662,  1  ab. 

New  York  associated  press ,  XII.  343,.  2  a. 

Neio  York  system ,  in  geology,  VII.  696,  1  c , 
XII.  355,  2  c. 


NEW  ZEALAND 


NICOLAUS 


547 


New  Zealand,  XII.  409.  Islands,  1  b.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  2  a.  Rivers  and  lakes,  2  be.  Geol¬ 
ogy,  2  c.  Flora,  410,  1  c.  Fauna,  2  ab.  Cli¬ 
mate,  411,  1  ab.  Provinces  and  towns,  1  c. 
Government,  2  ab.  Industries,  2  c.  Educa¬ 
tion  and  religion,  412,  1  ab.  The  Maoris,  1 
be.  Language,  413,  1  c.  History,  414,  1  a. 
Net,  Michel  [na],  duke  of  Elchingen  and  prince 
of  the  Moskva,  French  soldier,  XII.  414. 
Joseph  Napoleon,  prince,  415,  2  c. 

Nez  Perce  [na  per'-se],  county,  XII.  416. 

Nez  Perces  [Fr.  na  pair-sa],  North  American 
Indians,  XII.  416  ;  IX.  166,  lb;  11.436, 1  be. 
Ngami  [nga'-me],  lake  of  Africa,  XII.  416;  X. 
548,  1  b. 

Niadis  [ne-a'-dees],  class  in  Malabar,  XI.  47,  2  b. 
Niag'ara,  river,  XII.  416.  Falls  of,  417,  1  a 
(ill.).  Suspension  bridge,  2  c. 

Niagara,  county,  XII.  419. 

Niagara,  town  of  New  York,  XII.  419.  Niag¬ 
ara  Falls,  village,  1  c. 

Niagara ,  battle  of,  X.  720,  1  a. 

Niagara  limestone ,  X.  252,  2  ab. 

Niassa  :  see  Nyassa. 

Nibelungenhort  [ne'-bgh-loong-en-hort],  Nibe- 
lung’s  treasure,  II.  645, 1  ab. 
Nibeltjngenlied  [-leet],  poem,  XII.  419. 
Nibelungennot  [-note] :  see  Nibelungenlied. 
Nibs ,  of  cacao  shells,  IV.  789,  2  c. 

Nic^e'a  :  see  Nice,  in  Bithynia. 

Niccea :  see  Nice,  in  France,  XII.  427,  1  c. 
Nican'der,  Greek  poet,  XII.  420. 

Nicaragua  [ne-ka-ra'-gwa],  republic,  XII.  420 
(map).  East  coast,  2  c.  West  coast,  422, 

1  a.  Mountains  and  plains,  1  be.  Geology, 

2  b.  Climate,  423,  1  a.  Soil  and  agricul¬ 
ture,  1  b.  Flora,  2  a.  Fauna,  2  b.  Divi¬ 
sions  and  population,  424, 1  a.  Intercommu¬ 
nication,  1  c.  Commerce,  2  a.  Government, 
2  b.  Education,  2  c.  Religion,  425,  1  ab. 
History,  1  b. 

Nicaragua,  Lake,  XII.  425. 

Nicaragua  Wood  :  see  Brazil  Wood. 
Niccolini,  Giovanni  Battista  [nik-ko-le'-ne], 
Italian  poet,  XII.  426. 

Nice  [neece],  former  province  of  Sardinia, 
XII.  426.  Town  of  France,  2  b  (view,  427). 
Nice,  ancient  city  of  Bithynia,  XII.  427. 

Nice,  Councils  of,  XII.  428 ;  I.  700,  1  b ;  IX. 
164,  2  b. 

Nicene  creed ,  XII.  428,  2  a.  Term  Filiogue  in 
the,  ib. ;  611,  1  be ;  X.  346,  2  a. 

Niceph'orus,  Byzantine  emperor,  IX.  363,  1  c. 
Hie  refusal  to  pay  tribute  to  Haroun  al- 


Raschid,  VIII.  472,  1  a;  defeat  and  over¬ 
throw,  1  ab. — Nicephorus  Bryennius,  noble¬ 
man,  I.  528,  2  a.  Nicephorus  Phocas,  usurper, 

II.  361,. 2  c.  Nicephorus  Xiphias,  general, 
362,  1  a. 

Niceron,  Jean  Pierre  [ne-sa-ro"8],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XII.  428. 

Nice'tas ,  of  Syracuse,  II.  44,  1  c  (Astronomy). 
Nichol,  John  Pringle  [nik'-ul],  Scottish  as¬ 
tronomer,  XII.  428. 

Nicholas,  two  counties,  XII.  429. 

Nicholas,  name  of  five  popes  and  one  anti¬ 
pope,  XII.  429.  Nicholas  I.,  the  Great,  and 
Saint,  1  be.  Nicholas  V.  (Tommaso  Paren- 
tucelli),  2  be.  Nicholas  V.,  antipope  (Pie¬ 
tro  da  Corvario),  IX.  647,  2  be. 

Nicholas  I.,  emperor  of  Russia,  XII.  430. 
His  influence  on  Russian  literature,  XIV. 
497,  2  b.  His  visit  to  Pope  Gregory,  VIII. 
245,  2  c. 

Nicholas,  Saint,  bishop  of  Myra,  XII.  431. 
Nicholasville ,  county  seat,  IX.  623,  2  a. 
Nichols,  Ichabod,  American  clergyman,  XII. 
431. 

Nichols,  John,  English  printer,  XII.  431. 
Nicholson ,  Margaret ,  her  attempt  to  kill  George 

III. ,  VII.  708,  1  be. 

Nicholson’s  hydrometer ,  IX.  124,  1  a  (ill.). 
Nicias,  Athenian  general,  XII.  431.  Peace 
of,  2  b.  Syracusan  expedition,  2  be ;  VIII. 
193,  2  a,  be;  XV.  542,  2  be.  Rivalry  with 
Alcibiades,  I.  262,  1  c. 

Nickel,  metal,  XII.  431.  Ores  of,  2  c  ;  nickel 
glance,  432, 1  ab  ;  emerald  nickel,  1  b.  Com¬ 
pounds  of,  2  a.  Nickel  plating,  433,  1  c. 
Nichelerz ,  weisses  [vF-sess  nik'-el-airts],  ore, 
XII.  432,  1  b. 

Nickelous  chloride ,  XII.  432,  2  b.  N.  nitrate, 

433,  1  a.  N.  sulphate,  1  ab. 

Nicobar  Islands,  Indian  ocean,  XII.  433. 
Nicode'mus,  Jewish  ruler,  XII.  434. 

Nic'ol,  Erskine,  British  painter,  XII.  434. 
Nicol ,  optician,  prism  of,  X.  446,  2  c  (ill.). 
Nicolai,  Christoph  Friedrich  [ne-ko-lF],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  XII.  434. 

Nicolai,  Karl  Otto  Ehrenfried,  composer,  XII. 

434. 

Nicolaiev :  see  Nikolayev. 

Nicola'itans,  sect,  XII.  434 ;  VIII.  54,  1  b. 
Nicolas,  Sir  Nicholas  Harris,  English  anti¬ 
quary,  XII.  435. 

Nicolas  of  Antioch ,  supposed  founder  of  the 
Nicolaitans,  XII.  434,  2  c;  VIII.  54,  1  b. 
Nicola' us :  see  Nicolas  of  Antioch  (Index). 


548 


NICOLE 


NILE 


Nicole,  Pierre  [ne-kul],  French  moralist,  XII. 
435. 

Nicolet  [ne-khh-la],  county  ot  Canada,  XII.435. 

Nicollet  [nik-ul-la'J,  county  of  Minnesota, 
XII.  435. 

Nicollet,  Jean  Nicolas,  explorer,  XII.  435. 

Nicolo  da  Pisa  :  see  Pisano. 

Nicomachus  [ni-kom'-a-kus],  Greek  painter, 
XIL  435.  Philosopher,  436, 1  a. 

Nicomedes  [nik-o-me'-deez],  name  of  three 
Bithynian  kings,  XIL  436.  Nicomedes  I., 
la;  II.  669,  2  a.  Nicomedes  II.,  Epiphanes, 
XII.  436,  1  b.  Nicomedes  III.,  Philopator, 
1  be  ;  II.  669,  2  ab. 

Nicomedi'a,  capital  of  Bithynia,  XII.  436. 

Nicop'oli,  city  of  Bulgaria,  XII.  436. 

Nicopolis,  city  of  ancient  Greece,  XIL  436 ; 
L  384,  2  a. 

Nicopolis :  see  Nicopoli. 

Nicosia,  capital  of  Cyprus,  XII.  436. 

Nicosia,  town  of  Sicily,  XIL  436. 

Nicot,  Jean  [ne-ko],  French  diplomatist,  XII. 
437.  See  Tobacco,  XY.  779,  2  c. 

Nicotia,  active  principle  of  tobacco,  XIL  437. 
First  extraction  of,  II.  334,  1  a. 

Nicotiana  (botany),  XY.  780,  1  a.  N.  taba- 
cum,  1  ab  (ill.).  Origin  of  the  name,  XIL 
437,  1  a ;  XY.  779,  2  c. 

Nicotianine  [ne-ko'-sha-nin],  odorous  principle 
of  tobacco,  XIL  437,  1  c ;  XY.  784,  1  a. 

Nicotine  [nik'-o-tin] :  see  Nicotia. 

Nico'ya,  Gulf  of,  Costa  Rica,  XII.  437. 

Nictheroy  [nik-ta-ro'-e],  city  of  Brazil,  XIY. 
339,  2  a. 

Nictitan'tes  (ichthyology),  XIY.  827,  1  b. 

Nictitating  membrane ,  XY.  604,  1  be.  In 
birds,  II.  654,  2  a  (ill.,  652). 

Niebuhr,  Barthold  Georg’  [ne'-boor],  German 
historian  and  statesman,  XII.  437.  His  “His¬ 
tory  of  Rome,”  438,  1  c.  Discovery  of  the 
palimpsest  of  the  Institutes  of  Gaius,  YII. 
555,  2  b;  XI.  132,  2  b. 

Niebuhr,  Ivarstens,  traveller,  XII.  438.  His 
theory  in  regard  to  the  cuneiform  inscrip¬ 
tions,  Y.  571,  2  b. 

Niederbeuthen  [ne'-der-boi-ten] :  see  Beuthen. 

Niedermeyer,  Louis  [ne'-der-ml-er],  composer, 
XII.  439. 

Niel,  Adolphe  [nyel],  French  general,  XII.  439. 

Niello  work  [ne-el'-lo],  YI.  649,  1  a. 

Niemann,  Albert  [ne'-man],  German  singer, 
XIL  439. 

Niembsch  von  Strehlenau  [neempsh  fon  stra'- 
leh-now] :  see  Lenau,  Nikolaus. 


Niemcewicz,  Julian  Ursin  [nyem-ts&k'-vick], 
Polish  author,  XII.  439. 

Niemen  [nya'-men],  river,  XIL  440. 

Niemeyer,  August  Hermann  [ne'-ml-er],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  XIL  440. 

Niepce,  Joseph  Nicephore  [nyeps],  French 
chemist,  XIL  440 ;  X.  528,  1  c.  See  Da¬ 
guerre. 

Niepce  de  Saint-Yictor,  Claude  Marie  Fran¬ 
cois  [duh  saDg-vik-tor],  chemist,  XII.  440. 
His  experiments  on  light,  YII.  290,  2  c. 

Nieshin  [nyesh-in'j,  town  of  Russia,  XII.  440. 

Nieuwentyt,  Bernardus  [ne'-ven-tite],  Dutch 
mathematician  and  philosopher,  XII.  440. 

Nieuwerkerke,  Alfred  Lmilien  de,  count 
[nyuh-vair-kairk],  French  sculptor,  XIL  441. 

Nieuwland :  see  Spitzbergen,  XY.  279,  2  a. 

Nievre  [nyaivr’j,  French  department,  XII.  441. 

Niflheim  [nif’l'-hime],  in  Norse  mythology, 
XII.  119,  2  b. 

Niger,  river  of  Africa,  XIL  441  ,  I.  166,  1  c. 

Night  butterfly ,  XI.  867,  2  b. 

Night  Hawk,  bird,  XII.  442  (ill.). 

Night  Heron,  bird,  XIL  443  (ill.). 

Nightingale,  bird,  XII.  443  (ill.,  444). 

Nightingale,  Florence,  English  philanthropist, 
XII.  444 ;  X.  602,  1  b. 

Nightmare,  XIL  444. 

Nightshade,  plant,  XIL  445.  Common,  1  ab 
(ill.).  Enchanter’s,  2  ab.  Deadly:  see  Bel¬ 
ladonna.  Three-leaved :  see  Trillium,  XY. 
867,  1  a.  Nightshade  family,  154,  2  ab  (So- 
lanum).  A  species  referred  to,  I.  601,  1  c. 

Nigritia:  see  Soodan. 

Nihil  zinc  white,  XYI.  816, 2  ab;  817,2  c. 

Nihilists ,  Russian  party,  XIY.  499,  1  a-c. 

Niigata  [ne-e-ga'-ta],  seaport  of  Japan, XII.445, 

Nijmegen  [ni'-meh-ghen] :  see  Nimeguen. 

Nijni  Novgorod  :  see  Nizhni  Novgorod. 

Ni'Jce  Ap'teros ,  temple  of,  II.  64,  1  b. 

Nikko,  mountain  range  of  Japan,  XII.  445. 

Nikolayev  [nik-o-la'-yev],  town  of  Russia, 
XII.  446  (view). 

Nikolsburg  [ne'-kolss-boorg],  town  of  Mo¬ 
ravia,  XII.  446. 

Nikshity ,  fortress  of  Bosnia,  III.  112,  1  ab. 

Nile,  river  of  Africa,  XII.  446.  Blue  Nile, 
1  be.  White  Nile,  1  b.  Sources  of  the,  447, 
1  ab.  Course  to  the  Blue  Nile,  448,  2  a ; 
from  their  junction,  449,  1  c.  The  delta, 
451,  2  c.  Inundations  of  the  Nile,  452,  1  b. 
Basin  of  the,  2  ab.  Fauna  and  flora,  2  c. 
Explorations,  ib.  Its  alluvial  matter  dis¬ 
tributed  by  sea  currents,  XIII.  452,  2  a.  See 


NILE 


NITROUS 


549 


Africa,  I.  166,  2  ab ;  Egypt,  VI.  454,  2  be, 
455,  2  ab. 

Nile,  battle  of  the ,  I.  30,  2  a ;  XII.  220,  1  c. 

Niles,  city  of  Michigan,  XII.  453. 

Niles,  Ilezekiali,  American  journalist,  XII.453. 

Niles,  Nathaniel,  inventor,  XII.  453. 

Nilghau  [nil'-gaw] :  see  Antelope,  I.  546,  2  a. 

Nilom'eter ,  XII.  452,  1  c ;  III.  554,  1  b. 

Nils'son,  Christine,  Swedish  vocalist,  XII.453. 

Nilsson,  Sven,  naturalist,  XII.  454. 

Nimeguen  [ne'-meh-ghen],  town  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  XII.  454.  Treaty  or  peace  of,  IV. 
301,  1  c ;  VII.  383,  2  b. 

NImes  [neem],  city  of  France,  XII.  454.  Mai- 
son  carr6e,  2  b  (ill.).  Amphitheatre,  2  c  (ill., 
455).  Aqueduct  of,  I.  613,  1  b  (ill.). 

Nimrod,  son  of  Cush,  XII.  455.  See  Chaldea, 
IV.  228,  2  b,  c,  230,  2  a. 

Nimrod ,  pseudonyme  :  see  Apperley. 

Nimrud  [nim-rood'],  mounds  of :  see  Nineveh, 
XII.  457,  1  b,  c ;  Layard,  X.  238,  2  be. 

Nimrud,  Birs  :  see  Babel,  and  Babylon. 

Nimwegen  [nim'-wa-ghen] :  see  Nimeguen. 

Nine-baric,  shrub,  XV.  274,  2  b. 

Nin'eveh,  capital  of  ancient  Assyria,  XII.  456. 
Site,  1  c  (plan).  Explorations  of,  2  a.  Mounds 
of,  2  b.  Discoveries  at,  457,  1  c,  ff.  (ill.). 
See  Layard,  and  Assyria,  I.  34,  2  ab,  ff. 

Ningpo',  city  of  China,  XII.  459. 

Ninon  de  l’Enolos  :  see  L’Enclos. 

Niobe  [ni'-o-be],  in  Greek  mythology,  XII.  459. 

Nio'bium  :  see  Columbium. 

Niobrara,  county  seat,  X.  33,  1  a.  River,  V. 
639,  1  c. 

Niort  [ne-or],  town  of  France,  XII.  459. 

Nipdli  [ne-pa'-le] :  see  Nepaulese  (Index). 

Niph'on  :  see  Nippon. 

Nipigon,  lake  of  Canada,  XII.  460. 

Nip'issing,  district  of  Canada,  XII.  460. 

Nipissing,  lake,  XII.  460. 

Nipissings,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  460. 

Nipmucks,  American  Indians,  XI.  260,  1  c,  2  b. 

Nipnets :  see  Nipmucks  (Index). 

Nippon,  main  island  of  Japan,  XII.  460. 

Nirvana  [neer-va'-na],  in  Buddhism,  III.  399, 
1  b;  XII.  435,  2  a. 

Nisard,  Je'an  Marie  Napoleon  Desir6  [ne-zar], 
French  author,  XII.  460.  Marie  Edouard 
Charles,  author,  461,  1  ab. 

Nish :  see  Nissa. 

Nis'ibis,  ancient  city  of  Mesopotamia,  XII.  461. 

Nisi  Prius,  in  law,  XII.  461 ;  V.  430,  2  b.  Ori¬ 
gin  of  the  term,  II.  32,  1  c. 

Nismes :  see  NImes. 


Nisroch ,  Assyrian  god,  II.  37,  1  b. 

Nissa,  town  of  European  Turkey,  XII.  461. 

Nissage-Saget  [nees-sazh-sa-zha],  president  of 
Hayti,  VIII.  553,  1  b.  , 

Nisses :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  a,  2  ab. 

Nito'cris ,  queen  of  Babylonia,  II.  186,  2  c,  190, 
1  a-c. 

Nitocris ,  queen  of  Egypt,  VI.  460,  1  a. 

Nitra’ria  tridenta'ta  (botany),  X.  649,  1  c. 

Nitrate  bath :  see  Photography,  XIII.  470, 1  c. 

Nitrates,  XII.  461.  Nitrate  of  potash,  2  c. 
Of  soda,  462,  2  c.  Of  silver,  463,  1  ab ;  its 
action  as  a  caustic,  1  b,  IX.  127,  2  b ;  use 
in  photography,  XIII.  470,  1  c.  Of  ammo¬ 
nium,  XII.  463,  2  a.  Of  barium,  2  b.  Of 
bismuth,  2  be.  Of  cobalt,  464,  1  a.  Of  cop¬ 
per,  1  ab.  Nitrates  of  iron,  1  b ;  of  lead, 

1  c ;  of  mercury,  2  a.  Alcoholic  nitrates, 

2  b  :  see  Nitrites.  Nitrate  of  amyl,  I.  447, 
2  b.  Of  calcium,  X.  479,  1  be. 

Nitre  :  see  Nitrates,  XII.  461,  2  c.  Sweet 
spirits  of,  466,  2  b.  Nitre  in  caves  and  cel¬ 
lars  accounted  for,  VI.  707,  2  a. 

Nitria,  valley  of,  XI.  728,  2  c. 

Nitric  Acid,  XII.  464.  Manufacture,  465, 1  b 
(ill.).  Properties,  2  a.  Nitric  acid  gas  pro¬ 
cess,  in  manufacture  of  India  rubber,  VIII. 
103,  1  c. 

Nitric  ethers,  XII.  464,  2  b.  Nitric  ether,  466, 
2  b.  Nitric  oxide,  467,  1  c.  Nitric  perox¬ 
ide,  2  c. 

Nitrides  [nl'-trids],  XII.  468,  1  a.  Nitride  of 
copper,  1  b  ;  of  boron,  ib. 

Nit'rion,  XII.  464,  2  c ;  XIV.  583,  1  a. 

Nitrites,  XII.  466.  Nitrite  of  amyl,  2  a;  of 
ethyl,  2  b  ;  of  methyl,  2c;  of  butyl,  ib. 

Nitro-acetonitril  (acid),  VII.  39,  1  a. 

Nitro-benzole,  II.  546,  1  b. 

Nitrogen,  XII.  466.  Proportion  in  the  atmos¬ 
phere,  1  c ;  II.  83,  2  c.  Chief  function  of, 
84,  2  b.  Chloride  of,  VII.  38,  2  ab.  Deu- 
toxide  of,  XII.  467,  1  c.  Peroxide  of,  2  be. 

Nitro-glycerine  [nl'-tro-glis'-er-in] :  see  Ex¬ 
plosives,  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Nitro-mannite :  see  Mannite,  XI.  120,  1  c. 

Nitro-Muriatic  Acid,  XII.  468. 

Nitrogenous  tissues  [ni-troj'-e-nus],  in  plants 
and  animals,  XII.  467,  1  be. 

Nitroleum,  explosive,  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Nitrophenisic  acid :  see  Picric  Acid. 

Nitrosion,  XII.  467,  2  be ;  XIV.  583,  1  a. 

Nitrous  Acid  :  see  Nitrogen,  XII.  467,  2  be. 

Nitrous  Oxide  [ox'-id],  XII.  468. 

Nitrous  anhydride  [an-hi'-drid],  XII.  467,  2  b. 


550 


NITRUM 


NONCONFORMISTS 


Nitrum,  kind  of  salt,  XIII.  756,  2  a.  Nitrum 
vitriolatum,  761,  1  c. 

Nitzsoh,  Friedrich  August  Berthold  [nitsh], 
German  theologian,  XII.  468. 

Nitzsch,  Karl  Ludwig,  theologian,  XII.  468. 
Karl  Immanuel,  theologian,  2  c.  Gregor 
Wilhelm,  philologist,  469,  1  a.  Karl  Wilhelm, 
historian,  1  b. 

Niyelles,  or  Nivelle  [ne-vel],  town  of  Belgium, 
XII.  469.  “Jean  de  Nivelle,”  statue,  2  a; 
nobleman,  ib. 

Nivernais  [ne-vair-na],  old  province  of  France, 
XII.  469. 

Nixes:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  be. 

Nizam,  and  Nizam’s  Dominions  :  see  Hydera¬ 
bad,  and  India,  IX.  201,  1  c,  210,  1  be. 

Nizam-jadid ,  body  of  troops,  IX.  526,  2  be. 

Nizhegorod :  see  Nizhni  Novgorod. 

Nizh'ni  Novgorod,  government  of  Russia, 
XII.  469.  Capital  city,  470,  1  b  (view,  469). 
Fair  at,  VII.  59,  2  b.  Sewerage  of,  XIV. 
797,  1  be. 

Nizibin,  Nizib  :  see  Nisibis. 

Nizza  [neet'-sa] :  see  Nice. 

Nizzard  [ne-zar],  Provencal  dialect, XII.427,lbc. 

No :  see  Thebes,  XV.  687,  2  ab. 

Noah,  Hebrew  patriarch,  XII.  470. 

Noah,  Mordecai  Manuel,  American  journalist, 
XII.  470. 

Noailles  [no-ay’],  French  noble  family,  XII. 
470.  Antoine  de,  grand  admiral  and  diplo¬ 
matist,  2  be.  Anne  Jules,  duke  de,  general, 
2  c.  Adrien  Maurice,  duke  de,  marshal  of 
France,  471,  1  a.  Louis  Marie,  viscount  de, 
general,  1  b.  Paul,  duke  de,  historian,  1  be. 
Emmanuel  Victurnien  Henri,  marquis  de, 
diplomatist,  1  c. 

No-Ammon :  see  No  (Index). 

Nobel ,  Alfred ,  manufacturer  of  nitro-glycerine, 
VII.  36,  2  ab  ;  37,  1  c,  2  c. 

Nobili  [no'-be-le],  physicist :  see  Animal  Elec¬ 
tricity,  I.  518,  2  c,  519,  1  c.  His  thermo¬ 
electric  pile,  VI.  81,  1  b. 

Nobili ,  Roberto  de\  Jesuit  missionary  (Italian), 

X.  837,  2  c. 

Noble,  two  counties,  XII.  471. 

Noble,  Louis  Legrand,  American  clergyman, 
XII.  471. 

Noble,  Mark,  English  clergyman,  XII.  471. 

Noble,  Samuel,  English  clergyman,  XII.  471. 

Noble ,  Capt.  W.  H .,  VIII.  326,  1  be;  331,  2  a. 

Noble  metals ,  among  alchemists,  I.  335,  1  b. 

Nobles,  county,  XII.  472. 

Noblesville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  413,  2  a. 


Nobttnaga  [no-boo-na'-ga],  Japanese  warrior 
and  legislator,  XII.  472 ;  IX.  542,  2  b. 
Nocera  [no-cha'-ra] :  see  Lucera. 

Noc'thora  (zoology),  VI.  229,  1  c. 

Noctilu'ca ,  Roman  deity,  X.  715,  1  b. 

Noc'tua  xyli'na  (entomology),  V.  419,  2  b  (ill.). 
Noctuce  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  c. 

Noctucelites  [nok-tu-e'-le-teez],  (entomology), 

XI.  869,  2  c. 

Nocturnal  men  (albinos),  I.  253,  2  b. 

Nodal  points  and  lines ,  I.  71,  2  a. 

Nodal  sound  figures,  Chladni’s,  I.  71,  2  b  (ill.). 
Nodaway,  county,  XII.  472. 

Noddle's  island,  Boston  harbor,  III.  116,  1  be. 
Noddy,  bird,  XII.  472  (ill.). 

Node,  in  plants,  XIII.  576,  1  b. 

Nodier,  Charles  [nuh-de-a],  author,  XII.  473. 
Noe,  Amadee  [nuh-a] :  see  Cham. 

Noel,  Baptist  Wriothesley,  English  clergyman, 

XII.  473. 

Noel-Fearn :  see  Christmas,  Henry. 

Noetians  [no-e'-shans],  religious  sect,  XII.  473. 
Noetus:  see  Noetians,  Patripassians,  and 
Sabellius. 

Nceud  vital  [null  ve-tal],  III.  189,  1  c  (Brain). 
NoGGERATn,  Jakob  [nog'-ger-at],  German  ge¬ 
ologist,  XII.  473.  (Died  1877.) 

N6grad,  county  of  Hungary,  XII.  473. 

Noils:  see  Wool,  Manufactures  of,  XVI.  721, 1  a. 
Noir,  Victor  [nwar],  French  journalist,  XII. 

473  ;  III.  36,  1  b. 

Nola,  city  of  Italy,  XII.  473. 

Nola,  bell,  II.  495,  2  ab. 

Noldeke,  Theodor  [nol'-deh-keh],  German  ori¬ 
entalist,  XII.  473. 

Nollekens,  John,  English  sculptor,  XII.  473. 
Nol'le  Pros'equi,  in  law,  XII.  474. 

Nombril,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a.  (Plate.) 
Nomen:  see  Names,  XII.  127,  2  a. 
Nomenclature,  Chemical,  XII. 474.  Elements, 
2  c.  Compounds,  ib. ;  of  oxygen,  475, 1  be; 
of  sulphur,  476,  1  ab ;  of  other  elements,  1  b. 
Ternary  compounds,  2  b.  Combination  in 
different  proportions,  477,  1  ab.  Defects  in 
the  old  system,  477,  2  b.  Compound  radi¬ 
cles,  478, 1  a.  Changes  in  nomenclature,  2  b. 
Nomen  Latinum :  see  Latium,  X.  202,  2  b. 
Nominalism:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  439,  2  a. 
Nominalists  and  realists,  I.  707,  1  b;  XIII. 
439,  2  a. 

Nominating  conventions,  origin  of,  IV.  135, 2  b,  c. 
Nonagrians  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  c. 

Non  compos  mentis:  see  Lunacy,  X.  715,  2  ab. 
Nonconformists,  XII.  479. 


NONES 


NORTHERN 


551 


Nones :  see  Calendar,  III.  579,  1  a. 
None-so-pretty,  plant,  XVI.  363,  1  a. 
Non-importation  associations ,  XVI.  155,  1  b,  c. 
Non-intercourse  act ,  under  Madison,  X.  825,  2  b. 
Nonius :  see  Nunez ,  Pedro  (Index). 

Nonpareil  [non-pa-rel'J,  bird,  VII.  192,  2  c. 

Size  of  type,  XIII.  847,  1  a. 

Non-resistance  society ,  New  England ,  origin  of, 
VII.  630,  1  b. 

Nonsuch ,  plant,  X.  703,  2  a. 

Nonsuit,  in  law,  XII.  479. 

Noobas :  see  Nubia,  XII.  530,  1  c. 

Noor  Mahal ,  wife  of  Jehangbir,  IX.  208,  2  c. 
Tomb  (correctly,  of  Mumtazi  Mahal,  wife  of 
Shah  Jehan),  I.  191,  1  be,  c  (ill.). 

Nootka  Sound,  Vancouver  island,  XII.  480. 
Nootkas,  family  of  Indian  tribes,  XII.  480. 

“ No-popery  ”  riots ,  VIII.  112,  2  a. 

Norbert ,  Saint ,  XIII.  807,  2  b. 

Norbertines :  see  Premonstratensians. 

Nord,  Le  [luh  nor],  department  of  France, 
XII.  480. 

Nordenskjold,  Adolf  Erik  [nor'-den-sliold], 
Swedish  explorer,  XII.  480. 

Nordhausen  [nort'-how-zen],  town  of  Prussia, 
XII.  480. 

Nordhausen  acid  (sulphuric),  XV.  458,  2  be. 

Distillation  of,  2  a  (ill.). 

Nordhoff,  Charles,  American  author,  XII.  481. 
Nordlingen  [nort'-ling-en],  Bavaria,  XII.  481. 
Nordmaric ,  III.  209,  2  ab  (Brandenburg). 
Nore  :  see  Thames,  XV.  683,  1  be. 

Norfolk,  two  counties,  XII.  481. 

Norfolk,  county  of  Canada,  XII.  481. 
Norfolk,  county  of  England,  XII.  482. 
Norfolk,  city  of  Virginia,  XII.  482  (view). 
Norfolk ,  county  seat,  X.  821,  2  a. 

Norfolk,  Duke  of :  see  Howard,  Thomas. 
Norfolk  Island,  XII.  483.  Norfolk  island 
pine,  1  be. 

Norge  [nor'-ggh] :  see  Norway. 

Norian  group  of  rocks,  VII.  695,  2  c. 

Nor'icum,  in  ancient  geography,  XII.  483. 
Norite ,  in  geology,  VII.  695,  2  c. 

Norium:  see  Element,  Chemical,  VI.  517,  2  a. 
Normal  Schools,  XII.  483. 

Norman  architecture ,  I.  661,  1  b ;  662,  2  a. 
Nor'manby,  Constantine  Henry  Phipps,  mar¬ 
quis  of,  statesman,  XII.  484. 

Normandy,  old  province  of  France,  XII.  484. 
Duchy,  2  a. 

Normans:  see  Northmen. 

Norma  verticalis ,  Blumenbach’s,  VI.  753,  2  c. 
Norrbin ,  Swedish  chemist,  VII.  38,  2  c. 


Norrbotten,  province  of  Sweden,  XII.  485. 

Norrige  [nor'-re-gSh] :  see  Norway. 

Norris,  John,  English  clergyman,  XII.  484. 

Norristown,  borough,  Pennsylvania,  XII.  485. 

Norrland,  "Wester:  see  "Wester  Norrland. 

Norrkoping  [nor'-cho-ping],  town  of  Sweden, 
XII.  485. 

Norse  Languages:  see  Iceland,  Denmark, 
Sweden,  and  Norway,  Languages  and  Lit¬ 
erature  of. 

North,  Christopher:  see  "Wilson,  John. 

North ,  Sir  Dudley  (1 641— ’91,  merchant  and 
financier,  brother  of  Lord  Guilford),  on  po¬ 
litical  economy,  XIII.  666,  2  c. 

North,  Francis,  Lord  Guilford,  English  jurist, 
XII.  485.  Frederick,  earl  of  Guilford  and 
Baron  North,  statesman,  486,  1  b. 

North  Adams:  see  Adams,  Mass. 

North  Albingia ,  VIII.  772,  2  a  (Holstein). 

North  America  :  see  America. 

North  American  phalanx ,  socialist  experiment, 
VIII.  223,  2  b. 

Northampton,  three  counties,  XII.  486. 

Northampton,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XII.  487. 

Northampton,  borough  of  England,  XII.  487. 

Northampton  (now  Allentown),  I.  331,  1  b. 

Northampton  table ,  for  life  insurance,  X.  425,2  a. 

Northamptonshire,  county,  England,  XII.  487. 

North  Bridgewater:  see  Bridgewater,  III. 
281,  2  b. 

“  North  Briton ,”  the:  see  Wilkes,  John. 

Northbrook,  Barons  :  see  Baring. 

North  Cape:  see  Cape  North. 

North  Carolina,  state,  XII.  487.  State  seal 
(ill.),  488.  Population,  1  be.  Surface,  2  c. 
Coast,  489,  1  b.  Rivers,  2  a.  Geology  and 
minerals,  2  c.  Natural  curiosities,  490,  2  be. 
Climate,  491,  1  a.  Soil  and  productions,  ib. 
Agriculture,  1  c.  Manufactures,  2  a.  Com¬ 
merce,  492,  1  b.  Fisheries,  2  b.  Intercom¬ 
munication,  ib.  Banks,  493,  1  a.  Govern¬ 
ment,  1  ab.  Finances,  2  b.  Public  institu¬ 
tions,  494,  1  a.  Education,  1  b.  Libraries, 
newspapers,  &c.,  495,  1  ab.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  1  b.  History,  1  c. 

North  downs,  in  England,  VI.  217,  2  c. 

Northcote,  James,  English  painter,  XII.  497. 

Northcote,  Sir  Stafford  Henry,  statesman, 
XII.  497. 

Norther:  see  Texas,  XV.  672,  1  a;  Wind, 
XVI.  659,  1  a. 

Northern  Circars:  see  Circars,  Northern. 

Northern  embankment ,  London,  X.  592,  1  c. 

Northern  Lights  :  see  Aurora  Borealis. 


552 


NORTHERN 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 


I 

Northern  Neck,  region  in  Virginia,  X.  290, 1  c. 

Northern  streamers :  see  Aurora  Borealis. 

North  German  confederation ,  VII.  758,  2  c; 
760,  1  b ;  XIV.  56,  2  b. 

North  German  Lloyd's,  X.555, 2  be;  111.248,1  b. 

North  Hero ,  county  seat,  VIII.  150,  2  a. 

North  Loch ,  near  Edinburgh,  VI.  405,  2  a. 

Northmen,  and  Normans,  XII.  498. 

North  Platte ,  county  seat,  X.  488,  1  b. 

Northport ,  county  seat,  X.  318,  1  a. 

North  Riyer  :  see  Hudson  River,  IX.  30, 2  b. 

North  river ,  in  China :  see  PEi-no. 

North  Sea,  or  German  Ocean,  XII.  499. 

Northumberland,  two  counties  of  the  United 
States,  XII.  499. 

Northumberland,  two  counties  of  Canada, 
XII.  499. 

Northumberland,  county  of  England,  XII.  500. 

Northumberland,  Dukes  of:  see  Dudley,  and 
Percy. 

Northumberland  house ,  XIII.  285,  2  c. 

North  Virginia:  see  New  England,  XII.  286,1  a. 

Northwest  company ,  VII.  535, 1  ab ;  XII.  504, 1  a. 

Northwestern  University,  Illinois,  XII.  500 
(ill.). 

Northwest  Passage:  see  Arctic  Discovery, 
Polar  Seas,  and  Geography,  VII.  685,  1  b. 

Northwest  Provinces,  India,  XII.  500. 

Northwest  territory ,  of  British  America,  XII. 
504,  1  a. 

Northwest  territory ,  of  the  United  States  :  see 
Illinois,  IX.  192, 1  b ;  Onio,  XII.  602,  2  ab. 

Northwest  Territories,  of  Canada,  XII.  501. 
See  Manitoba,  XI.  114,  2  b. 

Northwood ,  county  seat,  XVI.  732,  1  b. 

Norton,  county,  XII.  505. 

Norton,  Andrews,  American  author,  XII.  505. 
Charles  Eliot,  author,  1  c. 

Norton,  Caroline  Elizabeth  Sarah  (Sheridan), 
English  authoress,  XII.  505.  (Died  1877, 
soon  after  her  marriage  ■with  Sir  William 
Stirling  Maxwell.) 

Norton,  John,  American  clergyman,  XII.  505. 

Norwalk,  town  of  Connecticut,  XII.  506. 

Norwalk,  town  of  Ohio,  XII.  506. 

Norway,  XII.  506.  Coasts,  2  b.  Surface,  507, 
1  b.  Natural  curiosities,  1  c.  Geology  and 
minerals,  2  a.  Soil  and  climate,  2  b.  Agri¬ 
culture,  2  c.  Forests,  508,  1  a.  Animals, 
1  b.  Population,  1  be.  Religion,  &c.,  2  a. 
Education,  2  be.  Commerce,  2  c.  Inter¬ 
communication,  &c.,  509,  1  ab.  Fisheries, 
1  be.  Government,  2  ab.  History,  510,  2  a. 

Norway,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XII.  512. 


Norway  spruce ,  XV.  291,  2  c  (ill.).  Used  in 
hedges,  VIII.  604,  2  c. 

Norwegian  language ,  old  (Iceland),  IX.  154, 1  c. 
Norwich  [nor'-rich],  city  of  Connecticut,  XII. 
514  (view). 

Norwich,  village  of  New  York,  XII.  515. 
Norwich  [nor'-rij],  city  of  England,  XII.  515. 
Cathedral,  1  c  (ill.). 

Norwood ,  Richard :  see  Navigation,  XII.  181, 
1  ab. 

Nose,  XII.  515  (ills.,  516). 

No-see- em,  flies  so  called  by  Indians,  VI.  129, 
1  c  ;  II.  678,  2  a. 

Nossairians :  see  Ansaries,  and  XV.  546,  1  a. 
Nossa  Senhora  do  Desterro  :  see  Destekro. 
Nostoc :  see  Algjs,  I.  299,  1  c. 

Nostrada'mus,  Michel  de,  French  astrologer, 
XII.  517 ;  I.  342,  1  a. 

Nostradamus ,  the  Portuguese  :  see  Bandarra. 
Notce ,  shorthand  characters,  XII.  517,  2  a. 

Notae  Tironianae,  XI.  134,  1  b. 

Notables ,  assembly  of  in  France,  VII.  384,  2  c. 
Notarii,  Roman  scribes,  XII.  517,  2  a. 
Notarion ,  cabalistic  formula,  III.  522,  1  a. 
Notation ,  decimal,  origin  of,  XIV.  615,  2  ab. 
Notary  Public,  legal  officer,  XII.  517. 

Not  Being ,  in  Gnosticism,  VIII.  52,  2  be. 
Notches ,  of  the  White  mountains,  XVI.  606,  2  c. 
Notice ,  waiver  of  XII.  214,  2  be. 

Noto,  Sicily,  XII.  518.  Noto  Vecchio,  2  be. 
Notodon' tadee  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  b. 
Notonecta  Americana  (entomology),  XVI.  500, 

1  a. 

Notonec'tida  (entomology),  XVI.  499,  2  c. 
Notophthal'mus  (zoology),  XV.  875,  2  a.  N. 

miniatus,  XIV.  558,  1  c. 

Notornis,  bird,  XII.  518. 

Nototherium  (palaeontology),  IX.  744,  2  c. 
Notre  Dame  [nuh-truli  dam],  cathedral  of,  in 
Antwerp,  IV.  118,  2  ab ;  in  Paris,  IV.  118, 

2  c,  XIII.  84,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  in  Montreal,  XI. 
794,  1  c,  IV.  119,  2  c.  Church  of,  in  Cha- 
lons-sur-Marne,  236, 1  be  (ill.).  Notre  Dame 
de  Brou,  church  of,  referred  to,  III.  158, 1  c. 

Notredame,  Michel  de:  see  Nostradamus. 
Nott,  Eliphalet,  American  clergyman,  presi¬ 
dent  of  Union  college,  XII.  519. 

Nott,  Josiah  Clark,  ethnologist,  XII.  519. 
Nottingham  [not'-ting-um],  town  of  England, 
XII.  519. 

Nottingham,  Earl  of :  see  Finch,  Heneage, 
and  Howard,  Charles. 

Nottingham,  Lord  (Heneage  Finch),  IX.795, 2b. 
Nottinghamshire,  county  of  England,  XII.  520. 


NOTTOWAY 


NUEVA 


553 


Nottoway,  county,  XII.  520. 

Nottoway  G.  H .,  county  seat,  XII.  520,  1  c. 

Nottoways,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  520. 

Notts:  see  Nottinghamshire. 

Notum ,  ancient  town,  XII.  518,  2  be. 

Nouffer ,  [noo-fa],  referred  to,  XI.  64, 1  a. 

Noureddin  [noor-ed-deen'],  ruler  of  Syria  and 
Egypt,  XII.  520. 

Nourmahal :  see  Noor  Mahal  (Index). 

Nourrisson,  Jean  Felix  [noo-rees-song],  French 
philosopher,  XII.  520. 

Nous  [nowce],  in  Neo-Platonism,  XII.  225, 1  b ; 
in  Gnosticism,  VIII.  52,  2  c. 

Nouvelles  Gatholiques  [noo-vel  ka-tuh-leek], 
society  of,  referred  to,  VII.  122,  2  a. 

Nova  Acta  Eruditorum ,  I.  74,  1  ab. 

Novac'ulite ,  oil  stone,  I.  714,  1  c. 

No'valis  :  see  Hardenberg,  Friedrich  von. 

Novanglus ,  nom  de  plume,  I.  86,  1  b. 

Novara  [no-va'-ra],  province  of  Italy,  XII. 
520.  Capital  city,  521,  1  ab.  Cathedral,  ib. 
Battle  of,  1  b ;  IV.  300,  2  b ;  564,  2  b. 

Nova  Scotia,  province  of  Canada,  XII.  521. 
Industrial  statistics,  822-’3  (Appendix).  Nova 
Scotia  baronets,  524,  2  be  ;  I.  287,  1  b. 

Nova  Trajana  Bostra ,  ancient  city,  III.  175,  2  a. 

Novatian ,  ancient  sectary:  see  Novatians. 

Novatians,  religious  sect,  XII.  525. 

Novation,  in  law,  XII.  525. 

Novatus,  priest :  see  Novatians,  XII.  525,  1  c. 

Nova  Zembla,  islands,  Arctic  ocean,  XII.  526. 

Novella  constitutiones :  see  Novels  (Index). 

Novellis ,  Jacques  de  [ndh-va-le],  (Pope  Bene¬ 
dict  XII.),  II.  518,  2  a. 

Novello,  Vincent,  English  organist  and  com¬ 
poser,  XII.  526.  Clara  Anastasia,  singer,  2  b. 

Novels  :  see  Civil  Law,  IV.  622,  2  be,  624, 2  b. 

November,  month,  XII.  526. 

Novempopulana  (Gascony),  VII.  641,  1  ab. 

Novendia'le :  see  Mourning,  XII.  13,  1  a. 

Noverre  [nhh-vair],  (Jean  Georges,  1727-1810), 
dancer,  II.  243,  2  c. 

Novesium ,  Roman  fort,  XII.  259,  1  b. 

Nov'gorod,  government  of  Russia,  XII.  526. 
Town,  527,  1  c.  Millennial  monument,  2  a 
(ill.).  Lower :  see  Nizhni  Novgorod. 

Novi  [no'-ve],  town  of  Italy,  XII.  527.  Battle 
of,  2  b  ;  IX.  691,  1  b. 

Novibazar',  town  of  Bosnia,  XII.  527. 

Novice,  candidate  for  a  religious  order,  XII. 
527.  Among  the  Jesuits,  IX.  626,  1  b. 

Noviceship  :  see  Novice  (Index). 

Novikoff',  Nikolai  Ivanovitch,  Russian  author, 
XII.  528. 


Noviodu'num :  see  Nevers,  XII.  270,  1  a,  and 
Soissons. 

Noviom'agus :  see  Lisieux,  Nimeguen,  Noyon, 
and  Spire,  XV.  275,  1  c. 

Novitiate :  see  Novice,  XII.  528,  1  a. 

Novogeorgievsk  [-geh-or-ghe-evsk'J,  town  of 
Poland,  XII.  528. 

Novum  Organum ,  Bacon’s,  II.  203,  2  b. 

Nowell,  Alexander  [no'-el],  English  clergy¬ 
man,  XII.  528. 

Nox,  in  mythology,  XII.  528. 

Nox'ubee,  county,  XII.  528. 

Noyade  de  Nantes  [nwa-yad  dub  nangt],  form 
of  execution,  IV.  27,  1  ab. 

Noyer  d  bijoux  [nwa-ya  ra  be-zhoo],  double 
walnut,  XVI.  440,  2  a. 

Noyes,  George  Rapall  [noice],  American  cler¬ 
gyman  and  Biblical  scholar,  XII.  528. 

Noyes,  John  Humphrey,  perfectionist,  XII.  528. 

Noyon  [nwa-yong],  town  of  France,  XII.  529. 
Treaty  of,  1  c ;  X.  348,  1  ab. 

Nuba ,  ancient  African  tribe,  XII.  530,  1  c; 
449,  2  c. 

Nubata  :  see  Nuba  (Index). 

Nubec'ula  Major ,  nebulous  tract,  XII.  200, 1  c. 
Minor,  ib . 

Nubia,  country  of  Africa,  XII.  529.  Origin 
of  the  name,  530,  1  c  ;  449,  2  c. 

Nubians,  race,  VI.  758,  2  c  ;  XII.  530,  1  b. 

Nuble  [nyoo'-bla],  province  of  Chili,  XII.  530. 

Nucif'raga  (ornithology),  XII.  540.  N.  caryo- 
catactes,  1  c  (ill.). 

Nuckolls,  county,  XII.  530. 

Nuclei ,  in  the  capillary  vessels,  III.  753,  2  c. 

Nucleobranchiates  (mollusca),  XII.  530  (ill.). 

Nucleo'lus,  in  living  cells,  IV.  172,  1  c,  2  b. 

Nucleus ,  in  vegetable  cells,  IV.  172,  1  c.  In 
animal  cells,  2  b ;  XIV.  34,  1  ab.  In  hail¬ 
stones,  VIII.  379,  2  c.  In  plants,  XIII.  592, 
1  b.  In  sun  spots,  XV.  471,  2  c. 

Nu'cula  (mollusca),  V.  199,  1  c  (ill.). 

Nudibranchiates  :  see  Mollusca,  XI.  722,  2  c. 

Nudis ,  Brahmanic  sect,  IX.  231,  1  b. 

Nueces  [nwa'-seez ;  Sp.  nwa'-sace],  county, 
XII.  531.  River,  XV.  671,  1  b,  c. 

Nuestra  Se  flora  de  Guadalupe  [nwais'-tra  sa- 
nyo'-ra  da  gwa-da-loo'-pa],  church  of,  VIII. 
276,  1  b. 

Nuestra  Seflora  de  la  Paz ,  city,  X.  159,  1  c. 

Nueva  Guatemala  [nwa'-va] :  see  Guate¬ 
mala,  VIII.  290,  2  c. 

Nueva  Isabella ,  city  (Santo  Domingo),  XIV. 
624,  2  b. 

Nueva  Segovia ,  city  (Barquisimeto),  IL  333, 1  a. 


55L 


NUEVA 


NYCTALOPIA 


Nueya  Sparta,  island  and  province  (state)  of 
Venezuela,  XII.  531. 

Nuevo  Leon  [nwa'-vo  la-oan'],  state  of  Mexico, 
XII.  531. 

Nuevo  Santander :  see  Tamaulipas. 

Nuisance,  in  law,  XII.  531. 

Nuitter,  Charles  Louis  Etienne  Truinet  [nii-e- 
tair],  French  dramatist,  XII.  533. 

Nukahiva  [-lie'-va] :  see  Marquesas  Islands. 
Nukha  [noo-kha'],  Asiatic  Russia,  XII.  533. 
Nulle  terre  sans  seigneur  [mil  tair  sang  sa-nyur], 
law  maxim,  I.  334,  1  b. 

Nullification,  XII.  533 ;  II.  543,  1  b ;  III. 
587,  2  a ;  VIII.  547,  2  ab ;  IX.  492,  2  a ;  XV. 
198,  2  b  ;  XVI.  88,  2  a ;  166,  2  c ;  530,  2  b. 
Nullum  tempus  occurrit  regif  law  maxim,  I. 
334,  2  a. 

Num  [noom],  Egyptian  deity,  VI.  464,  1  a; 
XII.  116,  2  b. 

Numantia,  ancient  city  of  Spain,  XII.  534. 
Numa  Pompilius,  legendary  king  of  Rome, 
XII.  534. 

Numbfish:  see  Torpedo,  XV.  802,  1  b. 
Number  290  (the  Alabama),  X.  494,  1  a. 
Number  Nip  :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  c. 
Numbers,  book  of,  XII.  534.  See  Pentateuch. 
Numbers,  decimal  scale  of,  I.  708,  1  b;  binary, 
1  c ;  ternary,  ib.  Properties  of,  2  a. 

Numea,  New  Caledonia,  XII.  281,  2  c  (view). 
Numenius  (ornithology),  V.  583,  1  ab.  N. 
longirostris,  1  c  (ill.)*  N.  borealis,  2  ab  (ill.). 
N.  Iludsonicus,  584,  1  a.  N.  arquatus,  1  be. 
N.  pliseopus,  ib. 

Numerals ,  I.  707,  2  b-c.  Origin  of  Arabic 
numerals,  2  c ;  622,  1  a ;  625,  1  c. 

Numerian,  Roman  emperor,  III.  789,  1  c. 
Nu'mida  (ornithology),  VIII.  313,  1  ab.  N. 

meleagris,  1  c  (ill.).  N.  cristata,  2  a. 
Numidia,  in  ancient  geography,  XII.  534. 
Numismatics,  science  of  coins  and  medals,  XII. 

535  (ills.,  536). 

Numitor  :  see  Romulus. 

Nummulite,  protozoan,  XII.  537.  Nummulites 
leevigatus  (ill.),  538.  See  Foraminifera. 
Nummulitic  limestone,  XII.  537,  2  c. 

Nun  of  Kent :  see  Barton,  Elizabeth. 

Nuncii :  see  Post,  XIII.  748,  1  a. 

Nuncio,  papal  ambassador,  XII.  538;  X.318, 2  b. 
Nundince,  in  the  Roman  calendar,  VII.  93,  2  a. 
NuStez,  Alvar  [noo'-nyaith],  Spanish  explorer, 
XII.  538  ;  147,  2  ab. 

NuSez,  Fernan,  Spanish  scholar,  XII.  538. 
Nunez,  Pedro  [noo'-ness],  Portuguese  mathema¬ 
tician,  XII.  181,  1  a. 


Nunnery :  see  Monastery,  XI.  734,  1  c. 

Nuphar:  see  Water  Lily,  XVI.  502,  2  c.  N. 
advena,  503, 1  a  (ill.).  N.  lutea  and  N.  sagit- 
tsefolia,  ib. 

Nuraghe,  sepulchral  towers,  VI.  764,  2  ab. 

Nureddin  [noor-ed-deen'] :  see  Noureddin. 

Nuremberg,  city  of  Bavaria,  XII.  538  (ill., 
539).  Nuremberg  eggs  (watches),  539,  2  c. 

Nuremberg  agreement ,  by  Charles  V.,  IV.  295, 
2  c. 

Nuremberg  violet ,  a  color,  XI.  104,  1  a. 

Number g  [ntirn'-bairg] :  see  Nuremberg. 

Nurse,  shark  so  called,  XIV.  829,  2  b  ;  830, 1  a. 

Nurses ,  European  schools  for,  VI.  431,  2  be. 
In  London,  X.  602,  1  b. 

Nursia ,  Etruscan  deity,  VII.  337,  1  ab. 

Nushirvan  [noo-sher-van'J,  surname  of  Chos- 
roes  I.,  IV.  519,  1  a. 

Nut  [noot],  Egyptian  deity,  XII.  116,  2  be,  c. 

Nut,  of  a  screw,  XIV.  712,  1  b. 

Nutation,  in  astronomy,  XII.  540.  See  Pre¬ 
cession  of  the  Equinoxes.  Discovery  of, 
III.  181,  1  c. 

Nutcracker,  bird,  XII.  540  (ilk).  The  nut¬ 
hatch  so  called,  541,  1  c. 

Nutgall:  see  Galls.  Composition  of,  IX. 
283,  1  a;  use  in  making  ink,  ib.  Nutgall 
ointment,  VII.  584,  1  b. 

Nuthatch,  bird,  XII.  540.  White-bellied,  2  c  ; 
red-bellied,  541,  1  a ;  European,  1  b  (ill.). 

Nutmeg,  tree  and  seed,  XII.  541.  Flower  and 
leaf,  2  b  (ill.).  Fruit  and  seed,  542,  1  a  (ill., 
541).  Cultivation,  1  b.  Oil  of  nutmegs, 
2  b.  Uses,  2  be.  Long  or  wild  nutmeg, 
543,  1  a.  History,  1  b.  Other  seeds  so 
called,  2  a ;  XV.  807,  2  c. 

Nutmeg  pigeon,  XII.  543,  1  c. 

Nutria  :  see  Coypu,  V.  448,  1  a ;  Fur,  VII. 
539,  1  c.  Referred  to,  I.  690,  1  c. 

Nutrition,  in  physiology,  XII.  543. 

Nutshur,  Hindoo  knife,  XII.  647,  2  c. 

Nuttall,  Thomas,  American  naturalist,  XII. 
545. 

Nux  Vomica,  drug,  XII.  545.  Tree,  2  c  (ill.). 

Ny'ack,  village  of  New  York,  XII.  546. 

Nyam-Nyam  [n’yam-n’yam],  negro  tribe,  XII. 
547. 

N’yanza,  lakes  in  Africa,  XII.  547.  Victoria 
N’yanza,  1  b.  Albert  N’yanza,  548,  1  a. 

Nyassa,  lake  of  Africa,  XII.  548 ;  I.  167,  2  a. 

Nyaya  system  [nya'-ya],  of  Hindoo  philosophy, 
IX.  227,  2  c. 

Nyborg  [nti'-borg],  town  of  Denmark,  XII.  549. 

Nyctalopia,  night  blindness,  XII.  549. 


NYCTALE 


OBER-AMMERGAU 


555 


A Tye'tale  (ornithology),  XII.  755, 1  a.  X.  Aca- 
dica,  1  ab. 

A rycte'a  (ornithology),  XII.  755,  2  c.  X.  nivea, 
ib.  (ill.). 

JSTycteini'na)  (ornithology),  XII.  755,  2  be. 

Nycterib'ia  (entomology),  YI.  180,  1  c. 

Nyc'teris  (zoology),  II.  376,  2  c;  378,  1  b. 

Nyctiar'dea  Garde'ni  (ornithology),  XII.  443, 
1  be  (ill.).  X.  griseus,  2  be. 

Nyctib'ius  (ornithology),  VIII.  58,  1  c. 

Nyctico'rax  nce'vius  (ornithology),  XII.  443, 1  be. 

Nyctipithe'cus  (zoology),  XI.  751,  2  ab.  X. 
trivirgatus,  YI.  229,  1  ab. 

NydecJc  bridge,  at  Bern,  II.  570,  1  c. 

Nye,  county,  XII.  549. 

Nyerup,  Nasmus  [nii'-er-oop],  Danish  antiqua¬ 
ry,  XII.  549. 

Nykoping  [nii'-chd-ping],  Sweden,  XII.  549. 

Nymph  :  see  Chrysalis,  IV.  560,  2  c. 


Nymph^e'a  :  see  Cos. 

Nymphcea  (botany),  XVI.  503,  1  c.  Petals  and 
stamens,  ib.  (ill.).  N.  odorata,  2  a  (ill.).  N. 
alba,  lotus,  dentata,  cewulea,  and  gigantea, 
2  c.  N.  rubra,  504,  1  a. 

Nymphceum ,  school :  see  Aristotle,  I.  706,  1  a. 
Nymphceum,  ancient  temple  in  Nunes,  XII. 
455,  1  b. 

Nympha'lis :  see  Apatura  (Index). 

Nym'phicus  (ornithology),  XIII.  123, 1  be.  N. 

Novae  Ilollandiae,  ib.  (ill.). 

Nymphs,  in  mythology,  XII.  549  ;  VII.  63,  2  a. 
Nymphs,  hill  of  the,  in  Athens,  II.  59,  2  c. 
Nysiads :  see  Nymphs. 

Nyssa  (botany):  see  Tupelo,  XVI.  40,  2  c. 
N.  multiflora,  ib. ;  II.  679,  1  c  (ill.).  N. 
uniflora,  XVI.  40,  2  c.  Other  species,  41, 1  a. 
Nystad  [nti'-stad],  treaty  of,  XIII.  350,  2  c. 

A ryx,  in  the  Orphic  cosmogony,  XII.  711,  1  b. 


0 


O,  a  letter,  XII.  550.  Phonetic  position,  1  a. 
English  sounds,  1  ab ;  in  diphthongs,  1  b. 
Exclamatory,  1  be.  Prefix  to  Irish  names, 

1  c ;  128, 1  ab.  As  an  abbreviation,  550, 1  c. 
Greek  and  Roman  numeral,  ib. 

Oahu  [wa'-hoo],  Hawaiian  island,  XII.  550. 
Oajaca  [wa-kM'-ka],  province  of  Mexico,  XII. 

550.  Capital  city,  551,  1  a. 

Oak,  tree,  XII.  551.  White,  2  c  (ills.,  552) ; 
post,  552,  2  ab  (ill.) ;  burr,  553,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
swamp  white,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  chestnut,  2  ab ; 
rock  chestnut,  2  c  (ill.,  554) ;  Michaux’s, 
554,  1  c ;  chinquapin,  ib. ;  live,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
willow,  555,  1  c  (ill.);  shingle,  water,  and 
blackjack,  2  a ;  bear  or  black  scrub,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
Spanish,  2  c ;  scarlet,  556,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  red, 

2  a.  Oaks  of  the  Pacific  coast,  ib.  Cali¬ 
fornia  evergreen  oak,  557,  1  a  (ill.).  Euro¬ 
pean,  British,  or  royal  oak,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  Turkey, 
2  b  ;  holly,  2  c;  valonia,  558, 1  b  (ill.).  Cul¬ 
tivation,  2  a.  Uses  of  oak  products,  1  a ;  in 
tanning,  X.  272,  2  a,  XIV.  147,  2  be :  see 
Cork,  and  Quercitron-.  Age  of  oaks,  I. 
184,  1  c. 

Oak  manna,  XII.  558,  1  c. 

Oak  Apple,  vegetable  excrescence,  XII.  558. 
American,  2  b  (ill.,  559).  Bastard,  559,  2  a 
(ill.).  Cause  of,  2  b.  Gall  fly,  558,  2  e  (ill.). 
Oakeley,  Frederick,  English  clergyman,  XII. 
559. 


Oakland,  county,  XII.  559. 

Oakland,  city  of  California,  XII.  560. 

Oakland ,  county  seat,  XI.  240,  1  b. 

“  Oak  knobsf  hills,  IX.  798,  1  b. 

Oaks ,  the :  see  Turf,  XVI.  50,  1  a. 

Oakville,  county  seat,  X.  536,  2  a. 

Oannes  [o-an'-neez],  in  Chaldean  legend,  IV. 
229,  1  be. 

Oasis  [o-a'-sis  or  o'-a-sis],  fertile  spot  in  a  des¬ 
ert,  XII.  560. 

Oat,  XII.  560.  Wild,  561,  2  a  (ill.) ;  animated, 
1  c ;  perennial,  562,  1  a ;  yellow,  ib.  Oat 
grass  (Andes  grass),  ib. 

Oates,  Titus,  contriver  of  the  popish  plot,  XII. 
562.  Referred  to,  XV.  301,  2  a. 

Oath,  XII.  562.  Definition  of,  563, 1  a.  Kinds 
of,  2  a.  Extra-judicial,  2  c. 

Oats,  water,  XIV.  310,  1  b. 

Oaxaca:  see  Oajaca. 

Ob :  see  Obi. 

OBADiAn,  Hebrew  prophet,  XII.  563. 

Obelisks ,  Egyptian,  I.  653,  2  b,  654,  1  c ;  in 
Rome,  XIV.  413,  1  c.  Obelisk  of  Osortason 
I.,  VIII.  619,  2  ab.  Obelisk  in  front  of  St. 
Peter’s  church,  Rome,  VII.  304,  2  c.  Obe¬ 
lisk  of  Luxor,  XV.  688,  2  b  (ill.) ;  in  Paris, 
XIII.  80, 1  be.  Obelisk  of  St.  John  Lateran, 
Rome,  XV.  689,  1  ab ;  X.  183,  2  ab. 

Ober-Ammergau  [o-ber-am'-mer-gow],  Upper 
Bavaria,  XII.  564.  Decennial  passion  play,  ib. 


556 


OBERBEUTHEN 


O’CONNOR 


Oberbeuthen :  see  Beuthen. 

Ober-Elsass ,  district,  Alsace-Lorraine,  I.  357,2  a. 
Oberlin,  village  of  Ohio,  XII.  564.  Oberlin 
college,  1  b. 

Oberlin,  Jean  Fr6d6ric,  French  philanthropist, 
XII.  564. 

Oberon ,  fairy,  VII.  65,  1  b. 

Oberstein  [o'-ber-stine],  town,  I.  178,  2  a. 
Obes'ity :  see  Banting,  and  Corpulence. 

O'bi  [Russ,  oby’],  river  of  Siberia,  XII.  564. 
Obion,  county,  XII.  564.  River,  XV.  642,  2  c. 
Obiter  Dictum,  in  law,  XII.  564. 

Object  mirror :  see  Telescope,  XV.  622,  2  a. 
Object  glass,  in  a  microscope,  XI.  513,  1  ab, 
515,  2  ab  ;  in  a  telescope,  XV.  622,  2  a. 
Objective ,  in  a  microscope,  XI.  513,  1  ab,  515, 
2  ab. 

Objective  and  subjective  (object  and  subject): 
see  Identity  (Index). 

Oblates',  Catholic  congregations,  XII.  565. 
Of  St.  Charles,  1  a ;  of  St.  Ambrose,  ib. ;  of 
Mary  Immaculate,  1  c.  Sisters  of  Provi¬ 
dence,  2  a.  Institution  of,  III.  108,  1  c. 
Obligation:  see  Bond,  Charter,  and  Con¬ 
tract. 

Obligor'  and  obligee',  on  a  bond,  III.  56,  1  be. 
Oboe  :  see  Hautboy. 

Ob'olus,  coin,  XII.  565. 

O'botrits,  Slavs,  XVI.  552,  2  c ;  III.  209,  2  a. 
Obreno'vitch  :  see  Servia,  XIV.  782,  1  c,  ff. 
O’Brien,  county,  XII.  565. 

O'Brien,  county  seat,  XII.  565,  2  b. 

O'Brien,  Donald,  king  of  Limerick,  IV.  53,  2  c. 
O’Brien,  William  Smith,  Irish  patriot,  XII.  565. 
Observants  :  see  Franciscans,  VII.  425,  2  c. 
Dress  of,  427,  1  b. 

Observatory,  XII.  566.  The  three  kinds  of, 
1  a.  Equipments  of  an  astronomical  obser¬ 
vatory,  ib.  Principal  observatories,  1  c.  Of 
Tycho  Brahe,  III.  184, 1  c ;  of  Hevelius,  VIII. 
710,  1  c;  of  Lord  Rosse,  XIV.  444,  1  c ;  of 
William  Huggins,  IX.  32,  2  a. 

Observantines,  religious  order,  II.  576,  1  a. 
Obsidian  and  Pumice,  forms  of  lava,  XII.  567. 
Obstetrics,  XII.  568.  What  it  includes,  1  b. 
Gestation  or  pregnancy,  2  a ;  signs  of,  569, 

1  a;  duration  of,  1  b;  premature  termina¬ 
tion  of,  1  be,  and  its  causes,  1  c.  Influence 
on  the  system,  2  ab.  Labor  or  parturition, 

2  be ;  earliest  and  latest  known  age  of  its 
occurrence,  1  a ;  stages  of,  2  c ;  duration  of, 
570,  1  ab ;  mechanical  phenomena  of,  1  b. 
Operations  in  difficult  cases,  2  b.  Progress 
of  the  science,  2  c. 


Obtura'tor foramina  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  2  c. 

Obturator  ligament,  ib. 

Oca ,  Peruvian  food,  XII.  759,  1  be. 

Ocala,  county  seat,  XI.  168,  2  b. 

O’ Callaghan,  Edmund  Bailey  [o-kal'-la-han], 
American  author,  XII.  571. 

O'  Garolan :  see  Carolan. 

Occam,  William  of,  scholastic  philosopher,  XII. 

571 ;  XI.  811,  2  a;  XIII.  440,  1  be. 
Occitania  (Languedoc),  XIV.  39,  1  a.  Occi- 
tanian  dialects,  2  b. 

Occom,  Samson,  Indian  preacher,  XII.  571 ;  V. 
695,  2  a,  b. 

Occoquan  river,  Virginia,  III.  428,  2  be ;  XIII. 
773,  2  c. 

Occultation ,  of  a  celestial  body,  VI.  391,  2  c. 

“  Occupying  claimants  law,"  X.  327,  1  c. 
Ocean,  XII.  571.  Saltness  of,  572, 1  a,  c.  Color, 
2  a.  Phosphorescence,  2  c.  Depth  and  ex¬ 
tent,  ib. — Ocean  bottom,  II.  71, 1  a,  ff.  Ocean 
currents :  see  Atlantic  Ocean,  II.  72,  2  a, 
ff. ;  Indian  Ocean,  IX.  244,  2  a ;  Pacific 
Ocean,  XII.  781,  1  be.  Carpenter’s  theory 
of,  II.  78,  1  b-2  b.  Ocean  temperature  and 
constitution  of  the  water,  IV.  19,  2  a.  Ocean 
vegetation,  II.  78,  2b;  animal  life,  80,  1  a. 
Ocean,  county,  XII.  572. 

Oceana  [o-she-an'-a],  county,  XII.  573. 
Oceana,  county  seat,  XVI.  753,  1  a. 

“  Oceana ,”  political  romance,  VIII.  476,  2  c. 
Oceania,  a  division  of  the  globe,  XII.  573. 
Oceanica :  see  Oceania. 

Oceanids :  see  Nymphs.  Referred  to,  XII. 

573,  1  b. 

Oce'anus,  in  mythology,  XII.  573. 

Ocellus  Luoanus,  Greek  philosopher,  XII.  573. 
O'celot,  animal,  XII.  573.  Common,  2  a  (ill.)  ; 
linked,  574,  1  a;  long-tailed,  ib. ;  margay, 
ib.  (ill.,  573). 

Ochra  :  see  Okra. 

Ochre  [o'-ker],  XII.  574;  IX.  407,  1  a,  408, 1  a. 
Ochterlony  monument,  in  Calcutta,  III.  572, 
2  ab  (ill.,  573). 

Ockenheim,  Jan  [ok'-en-hime] :  see  Okeghem. 
Ockham,  William  of:  see  Occam. 

Ockham,  viscount  (by  courtesy),  III.  512,  2  ab. 
Ockley,  Simon,  English  orientalist,  XII.  574. 
Ocmulgee  [ok-mul'-ghe],  river  of  Georgia,  XII. 

574. 

Oco'nee,  county,  XII.  574. 

Oconee,  river  of  Georgia,  XII.  574. 
O’Connell,  Daniel,  Irish  statesman,  XII.  574. 
O'Connell,  C.  U.,  Fenian,  VII.  126,  1  b. 
O’Connor,  Arthur,  Irish  rebel,  XII.  575. 


(ENA 


557 


O’CONNOR 

O’Connor,  Feargus  Edward,  British  agitator, 
XII.  575. 

O’Connor,  William  Douglas,  American  author, 
XII.  576. 

O’Con'or,  Charles,  American  lawyer,  XII.  576. 
Oconto,  county,  XII.  576. 

Oconto ,  county  seat,  XII.  576,  2  a. 

Ooosin'go,  town  of  Mexico,  XII.  576. 

Ocracoke  inlet ,  North  Carolina,  XII.  489,  2  a. 
Octaeteris,  in  Greek  chronology,  IV.  557,  2  a. 
Octapla ,  Origen’s,  XII.  692,  2  b  (twice). 
Octayia,  wife  of  Mark  Antony,  XII.  576. 
Octavius  :  see  Augustus.  Octavius  and  the 
triumvirate,  X.  360,  2  c. 

Octavo  [ok-ta'-vo],  fornl  of  book,  III.  75,  2  c. 

Crown  octavo,  ib. 

October,  month,  XII.  576. 

Oc'topods :  see  Octopus,  XII.  577,  1  b ;  XI. 
723,  2  c.  Referred  to,  VII.  48,  1  c.  Used 
as  food  in  Lent,  228,  2  c. 

Octo'pus,  mollusk,  XII.  576.  Mode  of  crawl¬ 
ing,  577,  1  a  (ill.).  O.  vulgaris,  1  b  (ill.). 
0.  tuberculata,  ib.  (ill.).  Victor  Hugo’s 
devil  fish,  2  ab.  The  kraken,  2  b.  O.  Bair- 
dii,  2  c  (ill.). 

Octroi  [uk-trwa],  customs  duty,  XIII.  88,  1  a; 
91,  1  b. 

Ocular ,  in  a  microscope,  XI.  513,  1  ab. 
O’Curry,  Eugene,  Irish  archaeologist,  XII.  578. 
O'cymum  (botany),  II.  360,  2  c.  O.  basilicum 
(ill.),  361. 

Ocypete  [o-sip'-e-te],  harpy,  VIII.  474,  1  c. 
Ocyp’oda  arena' via,  crab,  V.  450,  1  a. 

Ocythoe  [o-sith'-o-e],  (mollusca),  XII.  177,  2  ab. 
Od  :  see  Reichenbach,  Karl,  XIV.  264,  1  a. 
Odcombian  leg-stretcher,  the ,  pseudonyme,  V. 

389,  1  c.  Odcombian  banquet,  2  a. 

Odd  Fellows,  Independent  Order  of,  XII.  578. 
Odena'thus,  husband  of  Zenobia,  XIII.  28,  2  b. 

Referred  to,  II.  119,  2  a. 

Odense  [o'-den-s&h],  seaport  of  Denmark,  XII. 

579.  Odense  recess,  decree,  II.  556,  2  c. 
Odenwald  [o'-den-valt],  region  of  Germany, 
XII.  679. 

Ode'on,  Greek  public  building,  XII.  579.  Of 
Pericles,  ib. ;  II.  61,  1  c. 

Oder,  river  of  Germany,  XII.  579. 

Odescalchi  [o-des-kal'-ke],  noble  Italian  family, 
XII.  579.  Marc’  Antonio,  2  be.  Tommaso, 
2  c.  Carlo,  580,  1  a.  Baltassare,  ib.  Bal- 
tassare  III.,  ib.  Benedetto  (Pope  Innocent 
XI.),  IX.  289,  1  b. 

Odessa,  city  of  Russia,  XII.  580  (view). 
Odessus,  ancient  city,  XVI.  267, 1  c. 


Odette  de  Champdivers  [o-det  dhh  shang-de-vair], 
“the  little  queen,”  IV.  286,  1  c. 

Ode' urn:  see  Rome,  XIV.  411,  1  be. 

Odevaere,  J osephus  Dionysius  [o-dSh-va'-rfeh], 
Flemish  painter,  XII.  581. 

Odger ,  George,  English  agitator,  IX.  321,  2  a,  be. 

Odilia,  /St.  (about  A.  D.  700),  allusion  to,  II. 
333, 1  b.  Monastery  of,  ib. 

Odilon  Barrot  [o-de-long  bar-ro] :  see  Barrot. 

Odin,  principal  Scandinavian  god,  XII.  581 ; 
119,  2  c.  Referred  to,  VI.  399,  1  c.  Odin 
the  conqueror,  XII.  581,  1  b ;  XV.  508,  2  a. 
Traditional  capital  of,  XVI.  218,  2  a. 

Odo,  Archbishop ,  his  cruel  treatment  of  Elgiva, 
VI.  446,  1  a. 

Odoa'cer,  king  of  Italy,  XII.  581 ;  XVI.  565, 2  a. 

Odo'herty,  Morgan,  sobriquet,  XI.  848,  2  a. 

Odom'eter,  road  measure,  XII.  581. 

O’Donnell,  Leopold,  duke  of  Tetuan,  Spanish 
soldier  and  statesman,  XII.  581. 

O’Donovan,  John,  Irish  arch  geologist,  XII.  582. 

O1  Donovan-Rossa,  Fenian  leader,  VII.  126, 1  a, 
2  b;  130,  1  c. 

Odontaspis  griseus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  2  c. 

Odontophori'ncB  (ornithology),  XIV.  125,  2  be. 

Odors :  see  Perfumes,  and  Smell. 

Odra  (Orissa),  XII.  695,  1  c. 

Od'yssey  :  see  Homer,  VIII.  779,  1  b. 

Odysseus  [o-dis'-suce] :  see  Ulysses. 

Odysseus,  modern  Greek  general,  II.  58,  1  c. 

(E'a,  ancient  city,  XV.  873,  2  a. 

CEcanthus  (entomology),  V.  480,  2  c;  481,  2  c. 
(E.  niveus,  ib. 

(Ecet'icus,  moth,  XI.  869,  2  b. 

(Ecolampadius,  Johannes,  German  reformer, 
XII.  582.  His  view  of  the  sacrament,  X. 
639,  1  b. 

CEcumen'ical  Council  :  see  Council,  V.  423, 
1  be.  Of  1869 :  see  Vatican,  Council  of 
the,  and  Infallibility,  IX.  265,  2  a. 

(Ede'ma,  a  swelling,  XII.  582 ;  VI.  266,  1  a. 

(Edem'atous  erysip'elas,  XII.  583,  1  ab. 

Oedenburg  [o'-den-boorg],  county  of  Hungary, 
XII.  583.  Capital,  2  ab. 

(Edicor'yphus  (zoology),  II.  365,  1  a. 

(Edipus  [ed'-e-pus],  mythical  king  of  Thebes, 
XII.  583. 

OEnLENSCHLAGER,  Adam  Gottlob  [o'-len-shla- 
gher],  Danish  poet,  XII.  584. 

Oekolampad ,  Johannes  [o-ko-lam-pad'j :  see 
(Ecolampadius. 

Oels  [olee],  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  584. 

(Ena  (ornithology),  XVI.  82,  1  b.  (E.  Capen- 
eis,  ib. 


558 


CENANTHIC 


OIDIUM 


(Enanthic  ether ,  XVI.  666,  2  c ;  and  oenanthic 
acid,  VI.  748,  2  ab. 

(Enanthine  [e-nan'-thin],  XVI.  666,  2  c. 
(Enipontum:  see  Innspeuck,  IX.  291,  2  b. 

( Enocarpus  (botany),  XIII.  18,  1  a. 
t Eno'ne ,  mythical,  XIII.  93,  2  c. 

(Enothe'ea,  genus  of  plants,  XII.  584.  (E. 

biennis,  585,  1  a  (ill.).  CE.  Missouriensis  or 
macrocarpa,  2  a  (ill.).  (E.  frnticosa  and  CE. 

linearis,  2  ab.  CE.  grandiflora,  2  b. 

(Eno'tria  (Italy),  IX.  449,  1  ab. 

C Enotrians ,  Pelasgian  race,  III.  369,  1  b;  X. 
700,  2  a. 

( Enus ,  river :  see  Inn. 

Oeested,  Anders  Sandoe  [or'-sted],  Danish 
statesman,  XII.  585. 

Oeested,  Hans  Christian,  Danish  natural  phi¬ 
losopher,  XII.  585.  See  Galvanism,  VII. 

586,  1  b ;  Electeo-Magnetism,  VI.  513,  2  a. 
Oeetel,  Philipp  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [or'-tel], 

German  author,  XII.  586. 

(Esculus  [es'-ku-lus],  (botany),  VIII.  828,  2  b. 
Oesel  [o'-zel],  island,  Baltic  sea,  XII.  586. 

( Esoph'agus  (anatomy),  I.  317,  2  b. 

Oesteeley,  Karl  [os-ter-li'J,  German  painter, 
XII.  586. 

Oesterreich  [os'-ter-rieh] :  see  Austeia. 

CEstrus (entomology), VII. 551, 1  be;  VI.  130, 1  c. 
Oetingee,  Friedrich  Christoph  [o'-ting-cr], 
German  theologian,  XII.  586. 

Oettingen  [ot'-ting-en],  county  of  Germany, 
XII.  587.  Prince  Ludwig  Kraft  Ernst  von 
Oettingen- Wallerstein,  Bavarian  statesman, 
1  ab. 

Oettingee,  Eduard  Maria,  author,  XII.  587. 

( Exmelin ,  Alexandre  Olivier  [ux-muh-lftng],  III. 
376,  1  c. 

O'Earrill  (Don  Gonzalo,  1754-1831,  Spanish 
general,  minister  of  war  1808-’14),  III.  31, 1  be. 
Ofen:  see  Buda,  III.  391,  2  c. 

Offa,  king  of  Mercia,  XII.  587. 

Offenbach  [uf-fen-bakh],  town  of  Germany, 
XII.  587. 

Offenbach,  Jacques,  French  composer,  XII. 

587. 

Offenbueg  [-boorg],  town  of  Baden,  XII.  587. 
Offence ,  Mount  of  Jerusalem,  XII.  619,  1  b. 
Office-found ,  in  law,  VI.  9,  2  b. 

Ofteedingen,  Heinrich  von  [fon  ofe'-ter-ding- 
en],  German  minstrel,  XII.  588. 

“  Of  unsound  mind:  ”  see  Lunacy,  X.  715,  2  b. 
Og,  king  of  Bashan,  XII.  588. 

Ogboni  lodges ,  in  Abbeokuta,  I.  8,  1  be. 

Ogden  City ,  county  seat,  XVI.  526,  2  b. 


Ogdensbueg,  city  of  Hew  York,  XII.  588. 
Ogeechee  [o-ghe'-che],  river  of  Georgia,  VII. 
717,  1  b. 

Ogeechee  lime ,  tree,  XVI.  41,  1  a. 

Ogemaw  [o'-ghe-maw],  county,  XII.  588. 
Oggione,  Marco  da  [od-jo'-na],  Italian  painter, 
XII.  588. 

Ogilby,  John,  Scottish  poet,  XII.  588. 

Ogilvie,  John,  Scottish  poet,  XII.  588. 

Ogle,  county,  XII.  588. 

Oglethoepe,  county,  XII.  589. 

Oglethoepe,  James  Edward,  founder  of  the 
colony  of  Georgia,  XII.  589 ;  VII.  724,  2  c. 
Oglio  [o'-lyo],  river  of  Italy,  XII.  589. 

Ogobay  [o-go-bi'],  river  of  Africa,  XII.  589. 
Ogowai :  see  Ogobay. 

Ogress ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Ogulnian  laic ,  II.  109,  1  b ;  XIV.  404,  2  b. 
Ogy'ges,  mythical  king,  XII.  589.  Ogygia, 

1  be.  Ogygian  deluge,  ib.  Ogygian  gate  of 
Thebes,  ib. 

O'1  Higgins,  Don  Bernardo  (son  of  a  viceroy  of 
Peru),  dictator  of  Chili,  IV.  432,  1  b. 

Ohio,  state,  XII.  589.  State  seal  (ill.),  590. 
Population,  1  b.  Topography,  2  c.  Soil 
and  productions,  591,  1  c.  Geology,  2  b. 
Minerals,  592,  2  c.  Climate,  593,  1  c.  Agri¬ 
culture,  ib.  Manufactures,  594,  1  e.  Com¬ 
merce,  595,  2  c.  Railroads,  596,  2  a.  Ca¬ 
nals,  597,  1  b.  Banks,  1  c.  Government, 
ib.  Finances,  598,  1  c.  State  institutions, 

2  c.  Education,  599,  1  c.  Libraries,  &c., 
601,  2  c.  Religious  organizations,  602,  1  ab. 
History,  1  c.  Ohio  and  Michigan  boundary 
controversy,  XI.  241,  1  c. 

Ohio,  three  counties,  XII.  602. 

Ohio  company :  see  Cutlee,  V.  695,  2  b. 

Ohio  Rivee,  XII.  603.  Area  of  drainage,  1  c. 
River  bed  and  banks,  2  a.  Antiquities,  2  b. 
Total  length,  2  be;  width  and  depth,  2  c. 
Navigation,  ib.  Rate  of  current,  604,  1  a. 
Neighboring  country,  1  ab.  Tributaries,  1  b. 
Ohm,  Georg  Simon  [oam],  German  physicist, 
XII.  604.  Ohm’s  law,  1  be ;  VII.  586, 1  c,  593, 
2  a.  Martin,  mathematician,  XII.  604,  1  c. 
Ohmacht,  Landolin  [o'-makht],  German  sculp¬ 
tor,  XII.  604. 

Oidemia  (ornithology),  VI.  291,  1  a.  O.  fusca, 
ib.  O.  perspicillata,  1  c  (ill.).  O.  America¬ 
na,  ib.  O.  nigra,  2  a.  See  Coot,  V.  312,  2  b. 
Oidium  (botany),  VII.  532,  1  c;  VIII.  164, 
2  ab;  X.  818,  1  a.  O.  albicans,  VI.  688. 
1  b  (ill.).  O.  Tuckeri,  ib.,  and  XI.  534,  2  a 
(ill.).  O.  lactis,  XVI.  777,  1  be. 


OIL 


OLD 


559 


Oil:  see  Essential  Oils,  Oils  and  Fats,  Olive, 
Petroleum,  and  Wiiale  (Index).  Oil  of 
bays,  X.  208,  2  c;  of  beech  nuts,  II.  460, 
2  b ;  of  cade,  IX.  715,  2  a ;  of  eitronelle,  X. 
837,  1  be;  of  lemon  grass,  ib. ;  of  spike, 
215,  2  c.  Effect  of  oil  on  waves,  I.  117, 1  a. 
Oil  birds ,  VIII.  58,  1  b. 

Oil  cake ,  X.  513,  2  a;  VII.  262,  1  c. 

Oil  creek ,  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  367,  2  a,  ff. 
Olleus  [o-i'-luce],  father  of  the  lesser  Ajax,  I. 
225,  1  c. 

Oil  gas ,  VII.  640,  1  a. 

Oil  gold  size ,  in  gilding,  VII.  808,  2  b. 

Oil  palm,  XIII.  27,  1  c  (ills.). 

Oil  of  prayer,  in  the  Greek  church,  VII.  44,  2  b. 
Oil  of  vitriol,  XV.  458,  1  c,  460,  1  c  (Sulphu¬ 
ric  Acid)  ;  IX.  107,  2  a. 

Oils  and  Fats,  natural,  XII.  604.  Distinction 
of,  1  c.  Specific  gravity,  ib.  Composition 
of,  605,  1  a.  Investigations  of  Chevreul, 
Berthelot,  and  Heintz,  1  ab.  Effect  of  high 
temperature,  1  b.  Drying  and  non-drying, 

1  be.  Uses,  2  a. 

Oils,  determination  of  fusing  point  of,  VII.  546, 

2  c. 

Oils,  fixed,  tendency  to  ignite :  see  Combus¬ 
tion,  Spontaneous. 

Oise  [waz],  river  of  France,  XII.  605. 

Oise,  department  of  France,  XII.  605. 
Ojib'ways,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  605. 

Oka,  river  of  Russia,  XII.  606. 

Okanagans  [-na'-gans],  Indian  tribe,  XII.  606. 
Okcecho'bee,  lake  of  Florida,  VII.  280,  2  a. 
O’Keefe,  John,  Irish  dramatist,  XII.  606. 
Okefino’kee  swamps,  II.  778,  2  c;  VII.  716,  2  a. 
Okeghem,  Jan  [ok'-eh-ghem],  Flemish  musi¬ 
cian,  XII.  607. 

Oken,  Lorenz,  German  naturalist,  XII.  607. 
Classes  of  the  animal  kingdom,  V.  186,  1  ab. 
Distinction  of  invertebrates  from  vertebrates, 
IX.  325,  1  c.  Classification  of  insects,  VI. 
660,  2  be ;  of  reptiles,  VIII.  693,  2  a;  of 
fishes,  IX.  160,  2  c ;  of  mollusca,  XI.  50, 
2  c ;  of  mammals,  80,  2  b ;  of  birds,  XII. 
707,  1  a.  On  philosophical  anatomy,  XIII. 
422,  2  b,  424,  2  a.  On  development  of  spe¬ 
cies,  referred  to,  VII.  10,  2  b.  Origin  of  all 
organic  beings,  XII.  607,  1  ab ;  of  the  intes¬ 
tines,  ib. 

Okhotsk  [o'-khotsk],  town  of  Siberia,  XII.  607. 
Okhotsk,  Sea  of,  XII.  607. 

Okkoro,  okro  :  see  Okra. 

Okra,  plant,  XII.  607  (ill.). 

Oksu :  see  Aksu. 


Oktibbeha  [ok-tib'-be-haw],  county,  XII.  608. 
Olaf,  Saint,  king  of  Norway,  XII.  608. 
Oland,  island  of  Sweden,  XII.  608. 

Olathe,  county  seat,  IX.  657,  1  c. 

Olbers,  Heinrich  Wilhelm  Matthaus  [ole'- 
berce],  German  astronomer,  XII.  608. 

Olbia,  or  Olbiopolis,  ancient  town,  VI.  163,  2  b. 
Olcinium :  see  Dulcigno. 

Old  Bactrian  language,  IX.  347,  2  a. 

Old  Bailey,  London,  X.  594,  1  a. 

Old  Bullion,  sobriquet  of  Benton,  II.  543,  1  a. 
Oldcastle,  Sir  John,  Baron  Cobham,  XII.  609. 
Martyrdom  of,  1  b. 

Old  Catholics,  religious  organization,  XII. 
609.  Protests  against  the  doctrine  of  papal 
infallibility,  the  oecumenical  character  of  the 
Vatican  council,  &c.,  1  c,  ff.  First  Old 
Catholic  congress,  610,  1  a ;  second,  1  c ; 
third,  2  b.  Legal  claims,  2  a,  611,  1  ab ; 
VII.  761,  1  b.  German  statistics  of,  XII. 
611,  1  a.  Union  conference  with  eastern 
and  Anglican  theologians,  1  be  ;  on  Filioque, 
&c.,  ib.  Outside  of  Germany,  2  ab.  Con¬ 
vention  at  Olten  (Christian  Catholics),  2  c. 
In  France,  ib. ;  IX.  527,  2  be.  Origin  of  in 
Bavaria,  VI.  188,  2  c.  Their  periodicals, 
XII.  612,  1  a. 

Old  comedy ,  Grecian,  VIII.  213,  2  c. 

“  Old  continental  congress, ”  XVI.  155,  2  b. 
Oldenbarneveldt  :  see  Barneveldt. 
Oldenburg  [ole'-den-boorg],  grand  duchy  of 
Germany,  XII.  612.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Old  Faithful,  geyser,  VII.  786,  2  c. 

Old-field  pine,  tree,  XIII.  524,  2  a. 

Oldfieldia  (botany),  XV.  603,  1  be. 

Old  Gothic  architecture,  I.  661,  1  b;  662,  2  a. 
Oldham,  county,  XII.  612. 

Oldham,  town  of  England,  XII.  613. 

Oldham,  John,  English  satirical  poet,  XII.  613. 
Old  Hickory,  sobriquet  of  Jackson,  IX.  488, 
1  c,  2  a. 

Oldi,  countess  of,  II.  554,  2  b. 

Old  Man  of  the  Mountain  :  see  Assassins, 
II.  25, 1  a ;  White  Mountains,  XVI.  607,  1  a. 
Old'mixon,  John,  English  author,  XII.  613. 
Old  Norse  language,  VII.  741,  1  b ;  IX.  154,  1  c. 
Old  Northern  language,  IX.  154,  1  c. 

Old  Point  Comfort:  see  Point  Comfort,  Old 
“  Old  Presbyterian  Dissenters, ”  III.  656,  2  a. 
Old  Prussians,  X.  374,  1  ab. 

Old  Rough  and  Ready,  sobriquet  of  Gen.  Tay¬ 
lor,  XV.  596,  2  be. 

Old  Sarum  :  see  Salisbury.  Referred  to,  IX. 
655,  2  b. 


560 


OLD-SIGHTEDNESS 


OLYXTIIUS 


Old-sigbtedness,  XY.  237,  2  b. 

Old  squaw ,  duck,  YI.  290,  2  b  (ill.,  289). 

Old  Tolbooth ,  Edinburgh,  YI.  408,  1  a. 

Old'town,  Maine,  XII.  613. 

Old  wife ,  duck,  YI.  290,  2  b  (ill.,  289). 

Old  wives,  fish  :  see  Wrasse,  XVI.  734,  1  be. 

O'lea  (botany),  XII.  616,  2  be.  O.  Europaea, 
2  c  (ill.,  617).  O.  Americana,  618,  1  b.  O. 
fragrans,  1  c.  O.  ilicifolia,  ib. 

Oleana,  Ole  Bull’s  colony,  III.  425,  1  c. 

Olean'der,  plant,  XII.  613.  Common,  1  ab 
(ills.).  Sweet,  1  b. 

Olearus  [o-le-a'-rus] :  see  Antiparos. 

Oleate  of  glycerine,  XII.  614,  1  b.  Oleates,  2  b. 

Ole  Bull  [o'-leli] :  see  Bull,  Ole  Bornemann. 

Olef'iant  Gas  :  see  Carburetted  Hydrogen, 
III.  776,  1  be. 

O'leic  Acid,  XII.  614 ;  III.  698,  2  a.  Its  use 
in  preparing  wool  for  cloth,  IY.  393,  2  b. 

Oleine  [o'-le-in],  XII.  614,  1  be;  605,  1  a;  III. 
698,  2  a.  Lowest  temperature  of  fluidity, 
I.  119,  1  a. 

Oleo-Margarine,  artificial  butter,  XII.  614. 

Oleophosphoric  acid,  of  the  brain,  III.  186,  2  b. 

Oleoresin ,  Y.  556,  1  c. 

OlLron  [o-la-rong],  island  of  France,  XII.  614. 

Oleron,  Laws  of  :  see  Law  Merchant,  X. 
219,  2  a. 

Oleum  carui,  caraway  oil,  III.  767,  2  c. 

Oleum  ligni  fossilis,  brown  coal  oil,  III.  344, 2  a. 

Oleum  theobromce ,  cocoa  butter,  IY.  790,  1  ab. 

Olfactory  membrane,  XII.  516,  1  c ;  of  the 
sheep  (ill.),  ib. 

Olfactory  nerves,  XY.  Ill,  2  b. 

Olga,  Russian  princess  and  saint,  XII.  615. 

Olia'rus :  see  Antiparos. 

Olib'anum  :  see  Frankincense,  YII.  431,  2  b 
(ill.). 

Olier  de  Yerneuil,  Jean  Jacques  [uh-lya  diih 
vair-nuhy’],  French  priest,  XII.  615 ;  XI. 
731,  1  a. 

Oligocene ,  in  geology,  XI.  622,  2  ab. 

Olin,  Stephen,  American  clergyman,  president 
of  the  Wesleyan  university,  XII.  615. 

Oliphant,  Carolina,  Baroness  Nairne,  Scottish 
poetess,  XII.  615. 

Oliphant,  Laurence,  English  author,  XII.  615. 

Oliphant,  Margaret,  authoress,  XII.  616. 

Olisipo  (Lisbon),  X.  521,  2  c. 

Oliva,  Alexandre  Joseph  [uh-le-va],  French 
sculptor,  XII.  616. 

Oliva,  treaty  of,  referred  to,  YI.  741,  2  c. 

Olivarez,  Gasparo  de  Guzman,  count  [o-le- 
va'-raith],  Spanish  statesman,  XII.  616. 


Olive,  XII.  616.  Common,  1  c  (ill.,  617). 
Olive  oil,  617,  2  a.  Virgin  oil,  2  b.  Sweet 
oil,  618,  1  a.  Olive  gum,  1  b.  American 
olive,  ib.  Holly-leaved,  1  c. 

Oliver,  Andrew,  lieutenant  governor  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  XII.  618.  Andrew,  judge,  2  ab. 
Peter,  chief  justice,  2  b. 

Oliver  Oldschool,  editorial  cognomen,  YI.  19, 2  be. 

Oliver  Optic,  pseudonyme,  I.  110,  2  b. 

Oliver's  blasting  powder,  VII.  35,  1  c. 

Olives,  Mount  of,  Palestine,  XII.  618  (view). 

Olivet,  Mount:  see  Olives,  Mount  of. 

Olive  trees  (Mt.  of  Olives),  age  of,  I.  184,  1  b. 

Olivier,  Guillaume  Antoine  [uh-le-vya],  French 
entomologist,  XII.  619.  Classification  of  in¬ 
sects,  YI.  660,  1  b. 

Olivier,  Juste  Daniel,  Swiss  poet,  XII.  619. 

Olivier,  Theodore,  French  mathematician, 
XII.  619. 

Ol'la  Podri'da  [Sp.  o'-lya  po-£/*re'-£Aa],  Span¬ 
ish  dish,  XII.  619. 

Ollius :  see  Oglio. 

Ollivier,  Emile  [ul-le-vya],  French  politician, 
XII.  620 ;  III.  53,  1  ab,  2  ab. 

Olmsted  [um'-sted],  county,  XII.  620. 

Olmsted,  Denison,  American  natural  philoso¬ 
pher,  XII.  620. 

Olmsted,  Frederick  Law,  American  landscape 
gardener,  XII.  620. 

Olmutz  [ole'-miits],  Austria,  XII.  621.  See 
Lafayette,  X.  98,  1  c,  ff. 

Olney,  county  seat  (city),  XI Y.  319,  1  c. 

Olon'etz,  government  of  Russia,  XII.  621. 

Olor  (ornithology),  XY.  500,  1  ab. 

Olshausen,  Hermann  [oalss'-how-zen],  Ger¬ 
man  theologian,  XII.  621. 

Oltmann's  tables,  for  barometric  calculations, 
referred  to,  II.  331,  1  c. 

Olyb’rius,  Roman  emperor,  XYI.  565,  1  c. 

Olympia,  capital  of  Washington  territory, 
XII.  621. 

Olympia,  Greece,  XII.  622.  Temple  of  Jupi 
ter  Olympius,  1  ab. 

Olympiad:  see  Chronology,  IY.  557,  1  c. 

Olympias,  mother  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
XII.  622;  XIII.  408,  1  b. 

Olympic  Games,  XII.  622. 

Olympie’um,  temple  at  Athens,  II.  61,  1  a. 
(See  plan.) 

Olympus,  Mount,  XII.  623.  Other  mountains 
so  called,  2  a ;  III.  365,  1  a,  be  (see  IX.  822, 
1  be) ;  Y.  616,  1  b;  XVI.  469,  2  c. 

Olynthiacs,  orations  by  Demosthenes,  Y.  798, 1  b. 

Olynthus,  ancient  town  of  Macedonia,  XII. 


OMAGUAS 


ONTARIO 


561 


623.  War  with  Sparta,  VIII.  196,  2  a  ;  with 
Philip  of  Macedon,  198,  1  a,  XIII.  407,  1  b. 

Omaguas  [o-ma'-gwas],  South  American  In¬ 
dians,  XVI.  41,  1  ab,  2  a. 

Omaha  [o'-ma-haw],  city  of  Nebraska,  XII.  623. 

Omahas,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  624. 

O' Mahony,  John  [o-ma'-ho-ne],  Fenian  leader, 
VII.  124,  2  b,  ff.  (Died  1877.) 

Oman  [o-man'J,  country  of  Arabia,  XII.  624. 
Oman  proper,  1  c.  Minerals,  2  ab.  Pro¬ 
ductions,  2  be.  Divisions,  625,  1  a.  Occu¬ 
pations,  1  c.  People,  2  a.  Government,  ib. 
History,  2  c.  See  Arabia,  I.  618,  1  b. 

O'mar  I.,  second  caliph,  XII.  626.  Referred 
to,  I.  291,  2  c.  Tomb  of:  see  Medina. 

Omar  II.,  Ommiyade  caliph,  XII.  626. 

Omas ,  fish,  VIII.  301,  2  c. 

O’Meara,  Barry  Edward  [o-ma'-ra],  Irish  sur¬ 
geon,  XII.  626.  Napoleon’s  medical  atten¬ 
dant  at  St.  Helena,  2  b. 

Omen,  XII.  626.  Various  kinds  of,  627,  1  ab, 
ff.  In  augury,  II.  109,  1  a. 

Omental  hernia ,  XII.  627,  2  a. 

Omentum  (anatomy),  XII.  627 ;  XIII.  302, 
2  a;  I.  119,  2  c. 

Omer ,  Saint  [o-mair],  (Audomarus,  bishop  of 
Terouanne  637-’68),  XIV.  548,  2  b. 

Omer  Pasha  (Michael  Lattas),  Turkish  soldier, 
XII.  627.  Referred  to,  XVI.  60,  1  c. 

Ometepec  [o-ma-ta-paik'],  volcanic  cone  of  Ni¬ 
caragua,  V.  345,  2  a. 

Omichund' :  see  Clive,  Robert,  IV.  694,  1  a. 

O.  Min.  Cap.,  abbreviation,  III.  763,  2  b. 

Omish  :  see  Mennonites. 

Ommiyades  rom-me'-yadsl,  dynasty  of  caliphs, 
XII.  628;  III.  617,  1  a. 

Ommastrephes  (zoology),  XV.  294,  2  a ;  295, 1  a. 

Omne  animal  ex  ovo,  physiological  aphorism, 
VI.  561,  1  a. 

Omnia  mea  mecum porto  (“I  carry  all  my  pos¬ 
sessions  with  me  ”),  proverb,  II.  607,  2  c. 

Omnia  quee  movent,  &c. :  see  Deodand,  VI. 
26,  2  ab. 

Omnibus,  long  coach,  IV.  723,  2  ab.  Sugges¬ 
tion  of,  XIII.  90,  2  c.  Omnibus  service  in 
London,  X.  617,  1  c. 

Omnium  urbis,  &c.,  inscription  on  the  pope’s 
cathedral  at  Rome,  IV.  117,  2  a. 

Omo'sis ,  in  liquids,  VIII.  143,  1  c. 

OMPnALE  [om'-fa-le],  in  Greek  legend,  XII.  628. 

Omphalos,  or  navel  stone :  see  Delphi,  V. 
785,  2  a. 

OmphaV osites,  monsters,  XI.  765,  1  b. 

Omri,  king  of  Israel:  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  587, 2  c. 

36 


Omsk,  town  of  Siberia,  XII.  628.  Former 
government,  1  be. 

On  :  see  Heliopolis,  and  XII.  452,  1  a. 
Onagra'cece  (botany),  XII.  584,  2  c. 

Onaioa,  county  seat,  XI.  756,  2  c. 
Onchorhynchus  orientalis  (ichthyology),  VII. 
232,  1  c. 

Oncidium  papilio  (botany),  XII.  673,  2  b  (ill.). 

O.  altissimum,  I.  218,  2  b. 

Oncken,  Johann  Gerhard,  German  missionary, 
XII.  628. 

Ondatra  (muskrat),  XII.  102,  1  b. 

Onderdonk,  Henry  Ustick,  American  bishop, 
XII.  628.  Benjamin  Tredwell,  bishop,  2  c. 
O’Neall,  John  Belton,  jurist,  XII.  629. 
One-berry,  plant,  XIII.  143,  2  b. 

Onega  [o-nSh'-ga],  lake  of  Russia,  XII.  629. 
Oneida  [o-ni'-da],  two  counties,  XII.  629. 
Oneida,  lake  of  New  York,  XII.  629. 

Oneida  Community  :  see  Noyes,  John  Hum¬ 
phrey,  XII.  529,  1  b. 

Oneidas,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  629.  See  Iroquois. 
O’Neill,  Eliza,  English  actress,  XII.  630. 
Onesimus  [o-nes'-e-  mus],  converted  slave,  XIII. 
405,  1  c. 

One  Study  university,  XII.  601, 1  ab  (table),  c. 
“  One  third  off,  new  for  old,"  in  marine  insu¬ 
rance,  IX.  319,  1  b. 

Oneiza  [o-na'-za],  city  of  Arabia,  XII.  630. 
Ongaro  :  see  Dall’  Ongaro,  Francesco. 
Onion,  XII.  630.  Potato  or  multiplier,  2  be 
(ill.);  top  or  tree,  2  c  (ill.,  631);  Welsh, 
631,  2  a.  Cultivation,  630,  2  c.  Onion  fly, 
631,  2  a.  Cives,  2  b  (ill.). 

Onion  river,  Vermont,  XVI.  312,  2  c. 

Onlaf  :  see  Aulaf. 

On'oba,  ancient  town,  IX.  31,  1  b  (Huelva). 
Onob'rychis  sati’va  (botany),  XIV.  523,  1  c 
(ill.,  524). 

Onomac'ritus,  Orphic  poet,  XII.  710,  2  c. 
Onomatopoeia  [-pe'-ya],  X.  147,  1  c. 

Onondaga  [on-un-da'-ga],  county,  XII.  631. 
Onondagas,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  632  ;  IX.  412, 

1  be,  ff. 

Onopordon  acanthium  (botany),  XV.  713,  2  a. 
Onota,  county  seat,  XIV.  683,  1  c. 

Onslow  [on'-zlo],  county,  XII.  632. 

Onslow,  George,  French  composer,  XII.  632. 
Onslow  Court  House,  county  seat,  XII.  632,  2  c, 
Ontario,  county  of  New  York,  XII.  632. 
Ontario,  province  of  Canada,  XII.  633.  Popu¬ 
lation,  2  be.  Topography,  634, 1  a.  Hydrog¬ 
raphy,  1  c.  Geology,  635,  1  b.  Minerals, 

2  a.  Climate,  2  c.  Soil  and  productions, 


562 


ONTARIO 


OPTIO 


636,  1  a.  Fauna,  2  c.  Industries,  ib .,  822-’4 
(Appendix).  Commerce,  637,  1  a.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  a.  Government,  1  c.  Fi¬ 
nances,  638,  1  b.  Public  institutions,  1  c. 
Education,  2  c.  Libraries,  newspapers,  &c., 
639,  2  c.  Religious  organizations,  ib.  His¬ 
tory,  640,  1  a. 

Ontario,  county  of  Canada,  XII.  640. 
Ontario,  Lake,  XII.  640. 

Ontology:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  431,  2  c, 
432,  1  be. 

Ontonagon  [on-to-na'-gun],  county,  XII.  641. 
Ontonagon ,  county  seat,  XII.  641,  2  a. 

Onygena  equi'na  [o-nij'-e-na],  fungus,  VII. 
528,  2  be. 

O'nyx,  variety  of  quartz,  XII.  641;  I.  178,  1  a. 
Oogo'niim ,  in  botany,  XIII.  772,  1  c. 

O'olite,  kind  of  limestone,  XII.  641. 

Ooltewah ,  county  seat,  IX.  513,  2  b. 

Oomiah ,  Esquimaux  boat,  YI.  730,  1  c. 
Oonalaslca :  see  TInalashka  (Index). 

Oort,  Adam  van  [van  oart],  Flemish  painter, 

XII.  641. 

Oostenaula  river,  XI Y.  401,  2  be,  c. 

Ootocoids  [o-ot'-o-koids] :  see  Megasthenes. 
Obzoa  [o-o-zo'-a],  (zoology),  XIY.  36,  2  b. 
Opal,  mineral,  XII.  642.  Composition  of, 
XY.  39,  1  c. 

Opalia ,  festival,  referred  to,  XIY.  641,  2  c. 
Opatas  [o'-pa-tas],  Indian  tribe,  XII.  642 ; 

XIII.  518,  1  a. 

OpdyTce ,  George ,  on  political  economy,  XIII. 
677,  1  c,  2  a. 

Opechanganough,  Indian  chief,  I.  405,  1  c. 
Opelika,  county  seat,  X.  289,  2  b. 

Opelou'sas,  town  of  Louisiana,  XII.  642. 
Op’equan,  battle  of  the ,  XYI.  655,  2  a. 

Opera,  XII.  642.  Origin  of,  89,  2  b. 
Ophib'olus  exim’ius,  serpent,  Y.  114,  2  b;  IY. 

420,  2  a.  O.  clericus,  ib. 

Ophicleide  [of'-e-klide],  musical  instrument, 
XII.  643. 

OpniDiANS :  see  Serpent. 

Ophioc'oma ,  star  fish,  XII.  644,  1  a. 
Ophioglossa1 'cece  (botany),  YII.  150,  2  b.  Ophi- 
oglossum  vulgatum  (ill.),  151. 

Ophioph'olis,  star  fish  (ill.),  XII.  644,  1  a. 
Ophiophthalmes  [Fr.  o-fe-of-talm],  (zoology), 
XY.  80,  1  b. 

Ophiorrhi'za  mun'gos  (botany),  IX.  157,  2  c. 
O'phie,  in  Biblical  geography,  XII.  643. 
Opliisaurians,  reptiles,  XIY.  643,  1  c. 
Ophisaurus  ventralis ,  YIII.  27,  2  c.  Referred 
to,  II.  724,  1  a.  See  Satjrians. 


O'phites  :  see  Gnostics,  YIII.  54,  2  a. 
Ophiu'ra,  star  fish,  XII.  644,  1  a. 

Ophiueans,  family  of  star  fishes,  XII.  643  (ills.). 

Referred  to,  XV.  320,  2  a. 

Ophiuridce:  see  Ophiueans. 

Ophryocerclna ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 
Oplirydi'na,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  be. 
Ophthalmia,  XII.  644.  Catarrhal,  2  a.  Egyp¬ 
tian,  2  c.  Ophthalmia  neonatorum,  645,  2  a. 
Scrofulous  or  strumous,  2  b.  Sclerotitis, 
646,  1  ab. 

Ophthalmoscope ,  invention  of  the,  YIII.  623, 1  c. 
Opiania:  see  Opium,  XII.  650,  1  b. 

Op'ica  (Italy),  IX.  449,  1  ab. 

Opicans ,  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  2  a. 

Opie,  John,  English  painter,  XII.  646.  Amelia, 
authoress,  2  b. 

Opisthocom' idee  (ornithology),  XIII.  595,  2  c. 
Opisthoc'omus  (ornithology),  XIII.  596,  1  a. 
O.  cristatus,  ib. 

Opisthod' omus,  of  a  Grecian  temple,  I.  654,  2  c. 
Opisthol onos,  spasmodic  disease,  XY.  666,  2  a; 
428,  1  c ;  269,  1  ab. 

Opitz,  Martin,  German  poet,  XII.  646.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  XIII.  635,  2  c. 

Opium,  medicinal  drug,  XII.  647.  Production 
of,  1  b.  Chemical  character,  648,  1  c.  Con¬ 
stituents,  2  be.  Action  of  morphia,  649,  1  c. 
Other  alkaloids,  650,  1  a.  The  opium  habit, 
1  b.  Opium  war,  1  c :  see  China,  IY.  460, 
1  a. — Camphorated  tincture  of  opium:  see 
Paregoric  Elixir.  Opium  treatment  in  peri¬ 
tonitis,  XIII.  303,  2  a.  Adulteration  of  Tur¬ 
key  opium,  I.  134,  1  c.  Patna  opium,  II. 
524,  2  b.  Wine  of  opium,  X.  205,  1  c. 
Opobabam,  II.  250,  1  c. 

Opodeldoc,  XII.  650;  XY.  139,  1  a. 

Oporto,  city  of  Portugal,  XII.  650  (view). 

History,  651,  1  c. 

Opos,  XII.  647,  1  a  (Opium). 

Opossum,  animal,  XII.  651.  Common,  2  c 
(ill.,  652). 

Oppeln  [up'-peln],  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  652. 
Oppenheim  [-hime],  town  of  Germany,  XII.  653. 
Oppert,  Jules  [up-pair],  French  orientalist,  XII. 
653.  Ivey  to  the  cuneiform  inscriptions,  Y, 
572,  2  be. 

Oppian,  Greek  poet,  XII.  653. 

Oppidan,  at  Eton  college,  YI.  763,  2  c. 
Oppulum  Ubiorum  (Cologne),  Y.  82,  2  c. 

11 0.  P.  riots,”  IX.  784,  1  b. 

Ops,  wife  of  Saturn,  XIV.  639,  2  a. 

Opslo,  ancient  town  of  Sweden,  IY.  530,  1  c. 
Optic  axis,  X.  441,  2  a,  b. 


OPTIC 


ORDERICUS 


563 


Optic  nerves,  VII.  46,  2  a. 

Optics,  XII.  653  (ills.).  Catoptrics,  654,  1  c. 

Dioptrics,  657,  1  c.  Dispersion,  659,  2  c. 
Optic  thaVami ,  of  the  brain,  III.  191,  1  be,  2  a. 
Optic  tubercles ,  of  reptiles,  XII.  235,  2  c ;  of 
fishes,  236,  1  a. 

Optima'tes ,  Roman  aristocrats,  XV.  91,  1  b. 
Optimes  [op'-te-meez],  university  term,  III. 

645,  1  b.  Senior  and  junior  optimes,  ib. 
Optimism ,  Leibnitz’s  doctrine  of,  X.  325,  1  c. 
Option ,  in  stock  dealing,  XII.  388,  1  c,  2  a. 
Opuntia  :  see  Cactus. 

Opus  mallei ,  in  engraving,  VI.  652,  2  c. 
Opyornis  maximus ,  fossil  bird,  X.  810,  2  ab. 
Opzoomer,  Carolus  Wilhelmus  [op'-zo-mer], 
Dutch  philosopher,  XII.  660. 

Oquawka,  county  seat,  VIII.  635,  2  b. 

Oquirrh  mountains ,  Utah,  XVI.  232,  1  c. 

Or,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a,  be. 

Oracle,  in  ancient  religion,  XII.  660.  Chief 
heathen  oracles,  2  ab,  £f.  Said  to  have  be¬ 
come  dumb  at  the  birth  of  Christ,  2  ab. 
Oran'  [Fr.  o-rang],  province  of  Algeria,  XII. 

661.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Orange,  XII.  661  (ill.).  Flower  and  fruit, 

662,  1  a  (ill.).  Sweet  and  bitter,  1  c.  Or¬ 
ange  with  horned  fruit,  2  be  (ill.).  Manda¬ 
rin  orange,  663,  1  b  (ill.).  Orange-flower 
water,  2  c.  Oil  of  orange  or  orange  peel, 
ib.  Methods  of  cultivating,  664,  1  ab.  Im¬ 
ports  into  the  United  States,  2  c. 

Orange,  name  of  seven  counties,  XII.  665. 
Orange,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XII.  666. 

Orange,  county  seat,  XII.  665,  2  c. 

Orange  [o-rangzh],  town  of  France,  XII.  666. 
Orange,  Principality  of,  XII.  666.  Dutch 
princes  of,  their  origin,  XII.  153,  2  a.  See 
William  of  Nassau,  Maurice,  count  of  Nas¬ 
sau,  and  William  III.  of  England. 

Orange  Free  State,  S.  Africa,  II.  776,  2  b;  438, 
2  a;  I.  170,  1  c. 

Orangeburg,  county,  XII.  666. 

Orangeburg  0.  H,  county  seat,  XII.  666,  2  b. 
Orange  0.  II.,  county  seat,  XII.  665,  2  a. 
Orange  gourd,  XV.  293,  1  be. 

Orangemen,  British  political  society,  XII.  666. 
Orange  Peel,  sobriquet,  XIII.  224,  2  c. » 

Orange  riots,  in  Ireland,  II.  486,  2  be;  in  New 
York,  XII.  408,  2  ab,  667,  2  a. 

Orange  River:  see  Cape  Colony,  III.  743,  2  c, 
746,  1  c. 

Orange  River  Republic  :  see  Boers,  II.  776, 
2  b,  and  438,  2  a;  I.  170,  1  c. 

Orange-root,  plant,  XIV.  65,  2  b. 


Orang  gunung,  natives  of  Bancn,  II.  264,  2  b. 

Orang'-Outang',  ape,  XII.  667  (ill.)*  Anatomy 
of,  2  b,  ff.  Anthropoid  resemblances  taken 
from  immature  specimens,  668,  2  b.  Bor¬ 
nean  pongo,  ib.  Its  habitat,  III.  104,  2  a. 

Oranienbaum  [o-ra'-ne-en-bowm],town  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  XII.  669. 

Orator,  in  equity  proceedings,  II.  640,  1  ab. 

“ Orator  Ilenley ,”  VIII.  637,  1  c.  “The  Ora¬ 
tory,”  2  a. 

Oratorians,  two  religious  orders,  XII.  669. 
The  French  :  see  Monachism,  XI.  731,  1  b. 

Oratorio,  sacred  musical  composition,  XII. 
669.  Origin  of,  89,  2  b. 

Oratory,  art  of  public  speaking,  XII.  670. 

Oratory,  congregation  of  the,  XII.  669,  1  be. 
Oratory  of  Jesus,  Priests  of  the,  1  c.  Ora¬ 
tory  of  Christ  our  Lord  and  of  Mary  Immac¬ 
ulate,  or  Oratory  of  the  Immaculate  Concep¬ 
tion,  2  ab. 

Orbigny,  Alcide  Dessalines  d’  [dor-be-nye], 
French  naturalist,  XII.  670.  Charles  Dessa¬ 
lines  d’,  geologist,  2  b. 

Orca  :  see  Grampus. 

Orcades  [or'-ka-deez] :  see  Orkney  Islands. 

Orcagna  [or-ka'-nya],  (Andrea  di  Cione),  Ital¬ 
ian  artist,  XII.  670. 

Orchelimum  vulga're  [or-kel'-e-mum],  (ento¬ 
mology),  VIII.  170,  2  a  (ill.). 

Orchella  [or-kel'-la] :  see  Litmus,  X.  531, 1  b. 

Orchestra  [or'-kes-tra],  of  the  Greek  theatre, 
XII.  670.  Body  of  instrumental  performers, 
671,  1  a.  Instruments  of,  1  c. 

Orchida'cece :  see  Orchids. 

ORcniDS  [or'-kidz],  XII.  671.  Structure  of 
flower,  2  a  (ill.).  Mode  of  fertilization,  672, 
1  b  (ills.).  American  orchids,  673,  .1  ab. 
Butterfly  orchids,  2  b  (ill.).  Cultivation,  ib. 
(ill.). 

Orchil :  see  Archil. 

Orchis  (botany)  :  see  Orchids,  and  Salep, 
XIV.  563,  2  b.  O.  mascula  (ill.),  ib. 

Orchomenus  [-kom'-],  city  of  Greece,  XII.  674. 

Orcus,  in  the  Roman  poets,  XIII.  623,  1  a. 

Ord,  George  (1781-1866),  American  naturalist, 
XVI.  650,  2  b. 

Ordeal  [or'-de-al],  form  of  trial,  XII.  674. 
Abolition  of,  VI.  296,  2  a.  Ordeal  bean,  III. 
560,  2  a. 

Order,  in  botany :  see  Plant,  XIII.  592,  2  c. 

Order,  sacrament  of,  XII.  676,  2  b. 

“  Order  of  Geneva ,”  liturgy,  X.  35,  1  be. 

Orderi'cus  Vita'lis,  English  chronicler,  XII. 
675. 


564: 


ORDERS 


ORICHALCUM 


Orders,  or  Holy  Orders :  see  Ordination. 
Orders,  Religious  r  see  Religious  Orders,  and 
Monachism. 

Orders  in  Council,  by  the  British  sovereign, 
XII.  675.  Famous  orders  of  1807-8  :  see 
Continental  System,  British  orders  in  coun¬ 
cil  (Index),  and  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees 
(Index). 

Orders  of  architecture,  I.  655,  2  b  (ills.,  656). 
Ordinary,  in  law,  XII.  675 ;  XIV.  23,  1  be. 

See  Will,  XVI.  627,  1  c. 

Ordinate ,  in  analytic  geometry,  I.  456,  1  a. 
Ordination,  ecclesiastical,  XII.  676. 
Ordonnance  capochienne  [or-dun-na"gce  ka-piih- 
she-Sn],  III.  528,  2  a. 

Ordonnance  civile  [se-veel],  X.  657,  2  a. 
Ordonnance  de  Blois  [duh  blwa],  II.  597,  2  c. 
Ordonnance  de  la  marine  [duh  la  ma-reen],  X. 
219,  2  be. 

Ordonnance  minarde  [me-nard],  III.  158,  2  ab. 
Ordovi'ces,  Celtic  people,  XYI.  427,  2  a. 

Ord's  propositions,  regarding  Irish  trade,  YIII. 
172,  2  be. 

Oreads  [o'-re-adz],  YII.  63,  2  a.  See  Nymphs. 
Ore  Altai,  mountain  ridges,  I.  358,  1  b. 

Oreas  canna  (zoology),  YI.  486,  1  c  (ill.). 
Orebro,  city  of  Sweden,  XII.  676.  Synod  of, 
XIY.  249,  1  a. 

Or'egon,  state,  XII.  676.  State  seal  (ill.),  677. 
Population,  1  ab.  Topography,  2  c.  Coast, 
678,  1  be.  Rivers,  2  b.  Lakes,  679,  1  be. 
Geology,  1  c.  Minerals,  2  a.  Climate,  680, 
1  a.  Soil  and  productions,  2  be.  Fauna, 

681,  2  a.  Agriculture,  2  b.  Manufactures, 

682,  1  a.  Commerce,  1  ab.  Government, 

1  c.  Finances,  683,  2  a.  Public  institutions, 

2  c.  Education,  684,  1  ab.  Libraries,  &c., 
2  c.  Religious  organizations,  685,  1  a.  His¬ 
tory,  ib.  Northern  boundary  of,  II.  543,  1  a. 
Oregon  boundary  question,  XIII.  680,  2  b. 

Oregon,  county,  XII.  685. 

Oregon,  county  seat,  XII.  589,  1  a. 

Oregon  River  :  see  Columbia  River. 

Oreide  [o'-re-id],  alloy,  III.  213,  2  ab. 
O’Reilly,  Alexander,  count  [o-ri'-le],  Spanish 
soldier,  XII.  685. 

Orel,  government  of  Russia,  XII.  686.  Capi¬ 
tal,  1  b. 

Orellana,  Francisco  [o-ra-lya'-na],  Spanish 
adventurer,  XII.  686. 

Orellana  river :  see  Amazon,  I.  380,  2  a. 
Orelli,  Johann  Kaspar,  Swiss  philologist,  XII. 
686. 

Ore  Mountains  :  see  Erzgebirge. 


Orenburg  [o'-ren-boorg],  government  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  XII.  686.  Capital,  687,  1  a. 

Orense  [o-rain'-sa],  province  of  Spain,  XII. 

687.  Capital,  1  b.  “  Three  marvels  ”  of,  ib. 
Orense,  Jos6  Maria  d’Albaida,  marquis,  Span¬ 
ish  statesman,  XII.  687. 

Oreodaphne  (botany) :  see  Laurel,  X.  209, 

1  ab  (O.  Californica). 

Oreodoxa  oleracea  (botany),  XIII.  17,  2  c. 

(Synonyme,  areca  oleracea ,  III.  524, 1  be,  ill.) 
Oreoph'asis  (ornithology),  YIII.  278,  1  b.  O. 
Derbianus,  2  b. 

Oreot'ragus  salta'trix  (zoology),  X.  25,  1  c  (ill.). 
Ores'tes,  in  Greek  legend,  XII.  687. 

Orestes,  father  of  Augustulus,  XYI.  565,  2  a. 
Orestiads :  see  Nymphs. 

Oreste'ian  trilogy,  in  Greek  tragedy,  1. 152,  1  a. 
Oreus  [o'-re-us] :  see  Histi^ea. 

Orf,  species  of  carp,  XII.  687. 

Orfa  :  see  Uefa  (Index). 

Orfila,  Mateo  Jose  Bonaventura  [or-fe'-la], 
French  chemist,  XII.  687. 

Orford,  Earls  of:  see  Walpole. 

Orgagna:  see  Orcagna. 

Organ,  musical  instrument,  XII.  688.  Struc¬ 
tural  portions,  2  c.  Pipes,  689,  1  c;  flue 
and  reed,  2  a.  Organ  tuning,  2  c.  Pneu¬ 
matic  power,  690,  1  c.  Barker’s  electro¬ 
magnetic  contrivance,  2  a.  Largest  organs, 

2  c.  Barrel  organ,  &c.,  691,  1  b. — Great 
organ  of  Fribourg,  YII.  490,  2  c ;  of  Haar¬ 
lem,  YIII.  362,  1  c.  Chinese  organ,  XIY. 
242,  1  c.  Reed  organ,  2  ab  ;  243,  2  b.  Alex¬ 
andre  organ,  242,  2  b ;  243,  2  c. 

Organ  gun :  see  Artillery,  I.  796,  2  c. 

“  Organic  articles ,”  of  the  concordat  between 
Bonaparte  and  Pius  YII.,  IX.  265,  1  c. 
Organic  compounds,  XII.  478,  1  b. 

Organic  granules,  II.  208,  1  a. 

Organ  Mountains  :  see  Brazil,  III.  218,  2  c. 
Organista,  bird,  XV.  564,  1  b. 

Organocleide,  music  box,  XII.  94,  2  b. 
Organolyricon,  musical  instrument,  XII.  691, 1  c. 
Organology :  see  Phrenology,  XIII.  475,  1  b. 
Or'ganon,  of  Aristotle,  X.  580,  1  b. 

Organs,  animal,  classification  of,  I.  461,  1  c. 
Organs  of  special  sense,  Y.  177,  2  ab ;  of 
alimentation  and  digestion,  180,  1  ab. 
Organzine,  silk  thread,  XV.  42,  1  b. 

Orgyia  [or'-je-ya],  measure  of  length  (Athe¬ 
nian),  XYI.  538,  2  a. 

Oribe  [o-re'-ba],  (Manuel,  president  of  Uruguay 
1835— ’8,  died  1857),  XVI.  228,  2  a. 
Orichalcum ,  compound  metal,  XYI.  818,  2  c. 


ORIENTAL 


ORNITHOSAURIANS 


565 


Oriental  amethyst ,  gem,  XIY.  627,  1  a. 

Oriental  chrysolite ,  gem,  IY.  561,  1  c. 

Oriental  emerald ,  gem,  YI.  568,  1  c;  XIY. 
627,  1  a. 

Oriental  topaz,  gem,  IV.  561, 1  c ;  XIY .  626,  2  c. 

Oriflamme  [o-re-flam],  French  royal  banner, 
XII.  691 ;  II.  263,  1  b.  See  Flag,  YII.  249, 
2  b.  Adoption  of:  see  Saint-Denis. 

Orig'anum  (botany),  XI.  174,  2  be.  O.  majo- 
rana  and  0.  vulgare,  2  c.  Oil  of  origanum,  ib. 

Origen,  church  father,  XII.  691.  Early  taught 
pagan  philosophy  and  the  Scriptures,  2  a. 
Asceticism,  2  b  ;  voluntary  mutilation,  ib. 
Study  of  Hebrew,  and  of  all  known  philoso¬ 
phy,  2  c.  Denied  all  clerical  rank,  692,  1  ab  ; 
excommunicated  for  heresy,  1  b.  Whether 
the  soul  dies  with  the  body  and  is  quickened 
at  the  resurrection,  2  ab.  Martyred  under 
the  Decian  persecution,  2  b.  His  writings,  ib. 

Origines,  the  [o-rij'-e-neez],  of  Cato,  X.  193, 1  be. 

Orihuela  [o-re-wa'-la],  city  of  Spain,  XII.  693. 

Orinoco,  river  of  Venezuela,  XII.  693. 

O'riole,  bird,  XII.  693.  European  golden, 
694,  1  a  (ill.).  Australian  orioles,  2  a.  See 
Baltimore  Bird,  and  Troopial,  XY.  6,  1  b. 

Ori'olus  (ornithology),  XII.  694,  1  a.  O.  gal- 
bula,  1  ab  (ill.).  O.  auratus,  1  c. 

Ori'on,  Greek  mythical  hero,  XII.  694. 

Oris'kany  formation ,  in  geology,  VI.  57,  2  b. 

Orissa,  ancient  province  of  India,  XII.  694. 

Oriya  [o-re'-ya],  a  Hindoo  tongue,  IX.  216,  2  c ; 
218,  1  ab. 

Orizaba  [o-re-sa'-ba],  city  of  Mexico,  XII.  695. 
Pico  de,  mountain,  2  b. 

Orkhan ,  Turkish  sultan  (1326-’60),  XYI.  61, 1  a. 

Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  XII.  695. 

Orlando :  see  Roland. 

Orlando ,  county  seat,  XII.  665,  2  b. 

Orle ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  b.  (See  plate.) 

Orleanais  [or-la-a-na],  old  province  of  France, 
XII.  696. 

Orleanists ,  French  party,  YII.  399,  2  a;  X. 
800,  2  c.  Orleanists  and  Burgundians,  IY. 
286,  1  b. 

Orleans  [or'-le-anz],  three  counties,  XII.  696. 

Orleans,  island  of  Canada,  XII.  697. 

Orleans  (Fr.  Orleans ,  or-la-a"B),  city  of  France, 
XII.  697  (view).  History,  1  c. 

Orleans,  Duchy  and  Families  of,  XII.  698. 
Louis,  duke  of,  lieutenant  general  of  the 
kingdom,  2  ab.  Charles,  father  of  King 
Louis  XII.,  2  c.  J ean  Baptiste  Gaston,  brother 
of  Louis  XIII.,  699,  1  b.  Philippe  II.,  re¬ 
gent  of  France,  2  a;  II.  581,  2  ab.  Cheva¬ 


lier  d’Orleans,  XII.  700,  1  c.  Louis  Philippe 
Joseph  (Philippe  Egalit6),  ib.  Ferdinand 
Philippe  Louis  Charles  Henri  Joseph,  son 
of  King  Louis  Philippe,  701,  1  c.  IKlene 
Louise  Elisabeth,  duchess  of,  2  b. 

Orleans,  Maid  of :  see  Joan  of  Arc. 

Orleans ,  John ,  bastard  of:  see  Dunois,  Jean, 
YI.  318,  2  a ;  Chateaudun,  IY.  334,  2  a. 
Orleans ,  ordinance  of  X.  393,  2  c. 

Orleans ,  territory  of  X.  678,  1  a. 

Orleans  Bar ,  county  seat,  X.  22,  1  a. 

Orleans  house :  see  Twickenham. 

Orleans  princes :  see  Atjmale,  II.  118,  2  c; 
Chartres,  IY.  325,  1  b  ;  Eu,  YI.  767,  1  b  ; 
Joinville,  IX.  672,  2  c ;  Montpensier,  XI. 
793,  2  c ;  Nemours  ;  Orleans,  XII.  701, 

1  c ;  Paris,  XIII.  94,  1  b. 

Orloff',  Russian  family,  XII.  702.  Ivan,  its 
founder,  1  a.  Grigori  Grigorievitcli,  favor¬ 
ite  of  Catharine  II.,  ib.  Alexei,  admiral,  1  b. 
Fedor,  general,  1  c.  Alexei,  prince,  general 
and  diplomatist,  ib.  Nikolai,  prince,  diplo¬ 
matist,  2  b. 

Orloff  diamond,  YI.  75,  2  c. 

Orme,  Robert,  English  author,  XII.  702. 
Ormer,  mollusk,  YI.  354,  2  b. 

Ormond,  James  Butler,  duke  of,  XII.  702. 
Ormond  (Mongo  John),  slave  trader,  III.  720, 2  c. 
Ormsby,  county,  XII.  703. 

Or'muz,  island  of  Persia,  XII.  703  (view). 
Ormuzd,  Persian  deity,  XII.  704. 

Orne,  department  of  France,  XII.  704. 
Ornithichnites  [or-ne-thik'-nites] :  see  Fossil 
Footprints.  Origin  of  the  name,  YII.  341, 

2  ab. 

Ornithoceph' alus  (fossil  ichthyology),  XIY.  62, 
2  ah. 

Ornithog' alum  (botany),  XY.  323,  1  c.  O. 
umbellatum,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Ornithology,  XII.  704.  Classification  of  birds, 
1  c,  If.  First  systematic  attempt,  2  b ;  of 
Linnaeus,  2  be;  of  Latham,  705,  1  a;  of 
Lac6pede,  lb;  of  Cuvier,  2  ab  ;  of  Macleay 
(quinary  system),  706,  1  b  ;  of  Oken,  707, 1  a. 
Embryology,  1  c.  Agassiz  on  the  bird  em¬ 
bryo,  2  ab ;  his  classification  of  birds,  2  c. 
Other  systems,  708,  1  a,  if.  Number  of 
species, 709, 1  b.  Earliest  geological  epoch,  ib. 
Ornithomyia  (entomology),  YI.  130,  1  c. 
Ornith' omancy ,  divination  by  birds,  YI.  154, 1  b. 
Ornithop'terus  (ornithology),  XIY.  62,  2  b. 
Oknithorhynchus,  genus  of  mammals,  XIL 
709.  O.  paradoxus,  1  c  (ill.). 
Ornithosaurians  :  see  Pterodactyl. 


566 


ORNUS 


OSCAN 


Ornus  (botany),  1. 806, 1  be.  Species,  2  a  (ills.). 
Orobanche  [o-ro-bang'-ke],  vegetable  parasite, 
XII.  647,  2  b.  O.  minor,  IV.  714,  2  be. 
Oro'des,  Parthian  king,  XIII.  135, 2b, c;  136,1  ab. 
Orog'raphy :  see  Mountains,  XII.  8,  1  c. 
Oroide  [o'-ro-id],  alloy,  I.  336,  2  c. 

Orolaunum :  see  Arlon. 

'QpoXoyiov,  of  the  Greek  church,  III.  257,  1  a. 
Oromocto ,  county  seat,  XV.  477,  1  c. 

Orono ,  Indian  chief,  I.  20,  1  a. 

Orono ,  county  seat,  XIV.  846,  2  a. 

O'ronsay  :  see  Colonsay. 

Oron'tes,  river  of  Syria,  XII.  710. 

Oroomiaii  :  see  Urumiah. 

Oropa ,  Italian  village,  II.  628,  2  a. 

Oropesa  [o-ro-pa'-sa] :  see  Cochabamba,  IV. 
776,  1  a. 

Orosinian  seminary ,  in  Calabria,  VIII.  218, 1  b. 
Oeosius,  Paulus,  Spanish  theologian,  XII.  710. 
Orotara  [o-ro-ta'-va],  Teneriffe,  XV.  640,  1  c. 
Oroville ,  county  seat,  III.  493,  1  b. 

Orphan  house  at  Halle ,  Francke’s,  VII.  427,  2  a. 
Orphat  :  see  Arafat. 

Orpheus  [or'-fuce],  mythical  Greek  poet,  XII. 
710. 

Orpheus  C.  Kerr ,  pseudonyme,  XII.  285,  2  b. 
Orphica ,  ancient  Greek  poems,  XII.  711,  1  b. 
Orphic  cosmogony ,  XII.  711,  1  a.  Orphic 
hymns,  1  b. 

Orphici ,  followers  of  Orpheus,  XII.  710,  2  c. 
Orphic  mysteries ,  XII.  115,  1  ab. 

Orpine  [or'-pin] :  see  Sedum. 

Orr,  James  Lawrence,  American  statesman, 
XII.  711. 

Orrery,  astronomical  machine,  XII.  711. 
Orrery ,  first  earl  of,  III.  173,  2  a;  fourth,  174, 
1  b ;  fifth,  1  c. 

Orris  Root  :  see  Iris,  IX.  364,  1  b. 

Orsay,  Alfred  Guillaume  Gabriel  d’  [dor-sa] 
count,  XII.  711. 

Orsini  [or-se'-ne],  Italian  family,  XII.  711.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  III.  66,  2  b. 

Orsini,  Felice,  Italian  revolutionist,  XII.  712. 
Orsini ,  princess ,  XIII.  414,  1  b. 

Orsua  [or-soo'-a],  Spanish  adventurer,  1. 210, 1  b. 
Orta-bashi ,  janizary  officer,  IX.  526,  1  c. 
Ortala ,  count  of  [or-ta'-la] :  see  Torstenson. 
Ortal'ida  (ornithology),  VIII.  278,  1  b,  2  ab. 
O.  katraca,  2  b. 

Or'talis  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  c. 

Ortegal ,  Gape :  see  Cape  Ortegal. 

Orthagoria  (Stagira),  XV.  302,  2  c. 
Orthagoriscus  (ichthyology),  XV.  480,  2  c.  O. 
mola,  481, 1  b  (ill.). 


Orthoceras  [or-thos'-e-ras],  fossil  animal,  XII. 

712.  O.  explorator  (ill.),  2  a. 

Orthoclase ,  species  of  feldspar,  VII.  114,  2  b. 
Orthodox  Greek  church :  see  Greek  Church. 
Orthodox  and  Hicksites  :  see  Friends,  VII. 

498,  2  ab. 

Orthog'nathi ,  VI.  756,  2  a  (Ethnology). 
Orthographic  projection ,  in  drawing,  VI.  250, 
1  b ;  in  map  making,  XI.  135,  2  b. 
Orthop'tera,  order  of  insects,  XII.  712. 
Or'tolan,  bird,  XII.  712  (ill.,  713).  Ortolan 
of  Georgia,  II.  768,  2  a. 

Orton ,  Arthur :  seeTiciiBORNE  Trial,  XV.  736, 

1  b. 

Orton,  James,  American  naturalist,  XII.  713. 

(Died  in  Peru,  1877.) 

Ortulan:  see  Ortolan. 

Ortygia  :  see  Delos,  V.  783,  2  ab,  and  Syra¬ 
cuse,  XV.  541,  2  ab. 

Ortygi’nce  (ornithology),  XIV.  125,  2  be. 
Ortyx  (ornithology),  XIV.  125,  2  c.  O.  Vir- 
ginianus,  ib.  (ill.,  126);  II.  654,  2  c. 

Oruk'tor  Amphib'olos ,  Evans’s  road  locomo¬ 
tive,  XV.  336,  1  b. 

Oruro  [o-roo'-ro],  department  of  Bolivia,  XII. 

713.  Capital,  2  b.  Plateau  of,  III.  13,  2  a. 
Tin  mines  of,  2  b. 

Orvet  :  see  Blindworm. 

Orvieto  [or-ve-a'-to],  toAvn  of  Italy,  XII.  713. 
Wine  of,  IX.  468,  2  b. 

Orycter'opus  capensis  (zoology),  I.  3,  1  a  (ill.). 
Oryx  :  see  Antelope,  I.  545,  2  a,  b. 

Ory'za  (botany),  XIV.  307,  2  b.  O.  sativa,  ib. 
(ill.). 

Ory’zece  (botany),  XIV.  307,  2  b. 

Oryz'omys  (zoology),  XII.  15,  2  b. 

Osage,  two  counties,  XII.  714. 

Osage  Orange,  plant,  XII.  714  (ill.).  Fruit, 

2  be  (ill.).  Use  of  in  hedges,  VIII.  604,  1  c. 
Osage  River  :  see  Missouri,  XI.  664,  2  a. 
Osages,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  715. 

Osaka  :  see  Ozaka. 

Os  artifciel  [o  zar-te-fe-se-el],  in  dentistry, 
VI.  23,  2  a. 

Osaicatomie ,  battle  of  IX.  755,  1  a. 

Osborn,  Sherard,  English  author,  XII.  715. 
Osborne  [oz'-burn],  county,  XII.  716. 

Osborne ,  county  seat,  XII.  716,  1  a. 

Osborne,  Lord  Sydney  Godolpliin,  philanthro¬ 
pist,  XII.  716. 

Osborne ,  J.  IF.,  photo-lithographic  process  ofj 
X.  529,  1  b. 

Osborne  house ,  isle  of  Wight,  XVI.  619,  1  ab. 
Oscan  dialect ,  IX.  455,  1  o,  2  a. 


OSCANS 

Oscans ,  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  2  a. 

Oscar  I.,  Joseph  Francis,  king  of  Sweden  and 
Norway,  XII.  716. 

Oscar  II.,  king,  XII.  716. 

Osceo'la,  two  counties,  XII.  716. 

Osceola,  county  seats,  IY.  638,  2  b ;  XI.  658, 
2  b ;  XIII.  680,  1  b ;  XIV.  527,  2  b. 
Osceola,  Indian  chief,  XII.  716  ;  XIV.  759,  1  c. 
Osceola  Mills ,  county  seat,  XIII.  679,  2  b. 
Oschophoria  [os-ko-fo'-re-a],  ancient  festival, 
XV.  701,  2  be. 

Oscillating  engine ,  XV.  345,  2  c  (ill.,  346). 
Oscillation ,  centre  of:  see  Mechanics,  XI.  325, 
1  c  (ill.).  Method  of  finding,  IX.  99,  1  a. 
Osco'da,  county,  XII.  717. 

Osculatorium ,  tablet  with  crucifix,  XIII.  198, 2  b. 
Os' culatory  circle ,  in  geometry,  V.  589,  1  a. 
Osel  :  see  Oesel. 

Osgar ,  legendary  Irish  warrior,  VII.  124,  2  a. 
Osgood,  David,  American  clergyman,  XII.  717. 
Osgood,  Frances  Sargent,  poetess,  XII.  717. 
Osgood,  Samuel,  clergyman,  XII.  717. 

Oshima  [o-she'-ma],  island  of  Japan,  XII.  717. 
Oshkosh,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XII.  717. 
Oshmooneyn  [-nain'] :  see  IIermopolis  Magna. 
Osiander,  Andreas  [o  ze-an'-der],  German  re¬ 
former,  XII.  718. 

Osiandrian  controversy,  X.  733,  1  b. 

Osier,  basket  willow,  XII.  718.  White  or 
common,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  719,  2  b.  Other  kinds, 
ib.  Cultivation,  1  a. 

Osioot:  see  Sioot. 

Osi'ris,  Egyptian  divinity,  XII.  719  ;  XIII.  436, 
1  c. 

Osius :  see  Chalcidius,  IV.  227,  2  be. 
Oskaloosa,  city  of  Iowa,  XII.  720. 

Oskaloosa,  county  seat,  IX.  588,  2  a. 
Oskmeyjar,  in  Norse  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  b. 
Osier's  anemometer,  I.  489,  2  c. 

Osman  :  see  Othman. 

Osmanli  dialect ,  XVI.  63,  2  be.  Literature, 
65,  1  b. 

Osme'rus  (ichthyology),  XV.  112,  1  b,  O.  viri- 
descens,  1  be  (ill.).  O.  eperlanus,  1  c. 

Osmia  papaveris  (entomology),  II.  459,  1  b. 
Osmic  acid,  XII.  720,  1  c,  2  b. 

Osmiridium,  alloy,  XII.  720,  1  c. 

Osmites,  osmic  salts,  XII.  720,  2  b. 

Osmium,  metal,  XII.  720. 

Osmogenes,  in  sugar  refining,  VI.  72,  2  c. 
Osmose ',  osmotic  force,  osmotic  diffusion,  in  plant 
circulation,  XIII.  583,  lb;  I.  194,  1  ab,  2  a. 
See  Endosmose. 

Osmunda,  genus  of  ferns,  XII.  720.  O.  regalis, 


OSTRICH  507 

2  c  (ill.,  721).  O.  Claytoniana,  721,  1  b.  O. 
cinnamomea,  ib. 

Osmunda'cece  (botany),  XII.  720,  2  c. 
Os'nabruck,  XII.  721.  Bishopric  of,  1  c ; 

XVI.  789,  2  c. 

Osnaburg:  see  Osnabruck. 

Osorio,  Hieronymo,  Portuguese  author,  XII. 
721. 

Osortasen,  name  of  Egyptian  kings,  VI.  460, 

1  c.  Obelisk  of  Osortasen  I.,  VIII.  619,  2  b. 
Osprey:  see  Fish  Hawk,  VII.  241,  1  c  (ill.). 

Referred  to,  VI.  349,  2  ab. 

Ossa,  Mt. :  see  Pelion. 

Ossa  innominata  (anatomy),  XIII.  240,  2  c 
(ills.,  241). 

Ossawattomie  Brown,  III.  399,  1  ab.  See  Osa- 
watomie  (Index). 

Ossetes  [os'-se-teez],  Iranic  race,  IX.  347,  1  c. 
Ossian,  Celtic  bard,  XII.  721 ;  X.  805,  2  c, 
806,  1  c. 

Ossification  oftheheart ,  1. 495,1c;  VIII. 562, 2b. 
Ossifrage,  bird,  VI.  349,  2  ab. 

Ossipee,  county  seat,  IV.  29,  1  a. 

Os'soli,  Margaret  Fuller,  marchioness,  Ameri¬ 
can  authoress,  XII.  722 ;  XVI.  200,  1  b. 
Ossory,  Thomas  Butler,  earl  of,  soldier,  XII.  723. 
Ossuna  :  see  Osuna. 

Ostade,  Adrian  van  [os'-ta-deh],  Dutch  paint¬ 
er,  XII.  723.  Isaac  van,  2  a. 

Ostend,  town  of  Belgium,  XII.  723.  Ostend 
manifesto,  2  c;  III.  381,  2  ab. 

Osteol'epis:  see  Ganoids,  VII.  615, 1  ab  (ill.). 
Osteology:  see  Anatomy,  Bone,  and  Skele¬ 
ton. 

Osteo-Myeli'tis,  disease,  XII.  724. 

Ostera,  Teutonic  goddess  of  spring,  VI.  373,  2  b. 
Osterley  park,  England,  III.  250,  2  c. 
Ostermann  (Heinrich  Johann  Friedrich,  or  An¬ 
drei,  count,  1686-1747 ;  banished  to  Siberia 
1742),  Russian  statesman,  I.  528,  2  b. 
Osterwald,  Jean  Frederic  [Fr.  us-tair-vald], 
Swiss  clergyman,  XII.  724. 

Ostia,  city  of  Latium,  XII.  724. 

Ostiaks  :  see  Finns,  VII.  207,  1  b. 

Ostracion  (ichthyology)  :  see  Trunk  Fisn, 
XVI.  16,  2  a.  O.  Yalei,  2  be  (ill.). 
Ostracism,  XII.  724;  II.  245,  2  a;  55,  2  be; 
V.  203,  1  c. 

Ostracoids ,  crustaceans,  VI.  663,  2  a. 

Ostre'a  (mgllusca),  XII.  771,  2  b.  O.  parasi¬ 
tica  and  polymorpha,  772,  2  a.  O.  edulis, 

2  ab.  O.  Virginiana,  2  c.  O.  borealis,  773, 1  a. 
Ostrich,  XII.  724.  African,  1  c  (ill.).  Ameri¬ 
can,  725,  2  be  (ill.).  Ostrich  rearing,  2  a. 


568 


OSTRICH 


OUEN 


Ostrich  Fern,  XII.  726  (ill.). 

Ostrich  fowl ,  IV.  783,  1  ab. 

Ostrogoths:  see  Goths,  VIII.  126,  1  ab. 
Ostrolenka,  town  of  Poland,  XII.  726. 
Os'trya  (botany),  VIII.  820,  1  a.  O.  vulgaris, 

1  ab.  O.  Virginica  (ill.),  819,  1  c. 

Osuna,  Pedro  Tellez  y  Giron,  duke  of  [o-soo'- 

na],  viceroy  of  Naples,  XII.  726. 

Oswal  tribe,  India,  IX.  507,  2  c. 

Oswald,  Saint,  king  of  Northumbria,  XII.  726. 
Oswe'go,  county,  XII.  726. 

Oswego,  city  of  New  York,  XII.  727. 

Osicego ,  county  seats,  IX.  788,  1  c ;  X.  69,  1  b. 
Osicego  river ,  XII.  354,  1  b ;  727,  1  ab,  2  c. 
Otaiieite  :  see  Society  Islands. 
Otariajubata( zoology),  XIY.  734, 1  a  (ill.,  733). 
Otari’adce  (zoology),  XIY.  733,  2  b. 

Otary,  seal,  XIY.  733,  2  be. 

Otfried  [ut'-freed],  German  poet,  XII.  728. 
Othman,  founder  of  the  Ottoman  empire,  XII. 
728. 

Othman  ibn  Affan,  caliph,  XII.  728. 

Otho,  Marcus  Salvius,  Roman  emperor, XII.  729. 
Otiio  I.,  the  Great,  German  emperor,  XII. 
729 ;  IX.  647,  1  c. 

Otho  II.,  German  emperor,  XII.  729. 

Otho  III.,  German  emperor,  XII.  730. 

Otho  IY.,  German  emperor,  XII.  730. 

Otho  I.  (Otto  Friedrich  Ludwig),  king  of 
Greece,  XII.  730 ;  II.  58,  2  b. 

Othomis :  see  Otomis. 

Otis  (ornithology),  III.  485, 1  c.  O.  tarda,  2  a 
(ill.).  O.  tetrax,  2  c  (ill.,  486).  O.  nigriceps, 
486, 1  b.  O.  casrulescens,  2  a.  O.  Denhami, 
ib.  O.  Australasiana,  2  ab  (ilk). 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray,  American  statesman,  XII. 
730 ;  VII.  629,  2  ab. 

Otis,  James,  revolutionary  patriot  and  orator, 
XII.  731. 

Otoco'ris  (ornithology),  X.  172,  2  b. 

Otoe,  county,  XII.  731. 

Otoes,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  732. 

Otolic'nus  (zoology),  X.  339,  1  c.  O.  galago, 

2  a.  O.  (microcebus)  pusillus,  ib. 

Otoli'thus  (ichthyology),  XYI.  521,  1  ab.  O. 

regalis,  1  b  (ill.). 

Otomis  [o-to-mees'],  Indian  tribe,  XII.  732. 
O'toplasty ,  surgical  operation,  II.  156,  2  b. 
Otranto,  Italian  seaport,  XII.  732. 

Otranto,  Duke  of  :  see  Fouche. 

Otse'go,  two  counties,  XII.  732.  Lake,  2  a. 
Ot'tawa,  three  counties,  XII.  732. 

Ottawa,  county  of  Canada,  XII.  733. 

Ottawa,  city  of  Illinois,  XII.  733. 


Ottawa,  capital  of  Canada,  XII.  733.  Parlia¬ 
ment  house,  734,  1  a  (ill.,  733). 

Ottawa,  river  of  Canada,  XII.  734. 

Ottawa ,  county  seats,  VII.  435,  1  a;  XIY. 
100,  1  a. 

Ottawas,  Indian  tribe,  XII.  734. 

Ottendorfer,  Oswald,  American  journalist, 
XII.  735. 

Otter,  animal,  XII.  735.  American,  2  c  (ill.). 
Loutra  of  South  America,  736,  1  b.  Euro¬ 
pean,  1  be.  Others,  1  c.  Sea  otter,  2  a  (ill.). 
Fur  of,  VII.  538,  1  c. 

Otter ,  Peaks  of,  Virginia,  XYI.  373,  2  b. 

Otterbein,  Philip  William  [ot'-ter-bine],  found¬ 
er  of  a  religious  sect,  XII.  736. 

Otterbein  university,  XII.  601, 1  ab  (table),  c. 

Otter  Tail,  county,  XII.  737. 

Otter  Tail  City ,  county  seat,  XII.  737,  1  b. 

Ottinger,  Capt.,  X.  423,  1  a.  His  marine  life 
car,  422,  2  a. 

Otto,  Friedrich  Julius,  chemist,  XII.  737. 

Ottoboni,  Marco  (Pope  Alexander  VIII.),  I. 
280,  2  b. 

Ottocar  II.,  king  of  Bohemia,  XII.  737. 

Ottoes:  see  Otoes. 

Ottokee,  county  seat,  VII.  524,  2  c. 

Ottoman  Empire  :  see  Turkey. 

Ottoman  Porte ,  origin  of  the  name,  XII.  728, 
2  a.  See  Sublime  Porte. 

Otto  of  Roses  :  see  Attar  of  Roses. 

Ot'tumwa,  city  of  Iowa,  XII.  737. 

Otus  (ornithology),  XII.  753,  2  c.  O.  Wilso- 
nianus,  ib.  (ill.,  754).  O.  vulgaris,  1  b. 

Otus  and  Ephialtes  :  see  Aloid^e. 

Otway,  Thomas,  English  poet,  XII.  737. 

Ouachita  [wash-e-taw'J,  two  counties,  XII.  738. 

Ouachita ,  river:  see  Washita. 

Oubliette  [oo-ble-St'J :  see  Torture,  XY.  815, 1  c. 

Oude  [owd],  province  of  British  India,  XII. 
738.  Physical  features,  1  c.  Climate,  2  ab. 
Productions,  2  b.  Industries,  739, 1  a.  Peo¬ 
ple,  1  b.  Land  tax,  1  c.  Revenue,  2  ab. 
Education,  ib.  History,  2  c.  Spoliation  of 
the  begums,  740,  1  be.  Sepoy  mutiny,  741, 
1  a. — Former  capital,  1  b. 

Oudenarde  [ow'-d&h-nar-deh],  town  of  Bel¬ 
gium,  XII.  741. 

Oudh:  see  Oude. 

Oudinot,  Nicolas  Charles,  duke  of  Reggio  [oo- 
de-no],  French  soldier,  XII.  741.  Nicolas 
Charles  Victor,  soldier,  2  b. 

Oudney,  Dr.,  explorer:  see  Clapperton. 

Ouen ,  Saint  [sane  twane],  (Audoenus,  609-’83, 
chancellor  of  Dagobert  I.,  afterward  arch- 


OUESSANT 


OWENSON 


569 


bishop  of  Rouen),  church  of  (over  his  tomb), 
XIV.  449,  1  a. 

Ouessant  [wa-sang] :  see  Ushant. 

Oughtred  [ot'-red],  (Rev.  William,  1573-1660), 
English  mathematician,  I.  302,  1  b. 

Ouida  [oo-e'-da],  pseudonyme,  Y.  768,  1  a. 
Ouistiti  [wees-te'-te] :  see  Marmoset,  XI.  181, 
1  c ;  Monkey,  753,  2  a. 

Ounce,  animal,  XII.  741  (ill.). 

Ourebi  [ow'-ra-be],  antelope,  I.  545,  2  a. 
Ourique  [o-re'-ka],  battle  of,  I.  297,  1  c. 

Our  Lady ,  X.  828,  2  b  (Madonna)  ;  90,  1  c. 
Our  Lady  of  Bethlehem,  church  of,  at  Belem, 
Portugal,  II.  483,  2  c. 

Our  Lady  of  Mercy,  the  Yirgin  Mary,  X.  90, 

1  c.  Order  of:  see  Mercy,  Sisters  of. 

Ouro  Preto  [o'-roo  pra'-too],  city  of  Brazil, 

XII.  742. 

Ouseley,  Gideon  [ooz'-le],  Irish  clergyman, 
XII.  742. 

Ouseley,  Sir  William,  English  orientalist,  XII. 

742.  Sir  William  Gore,  diplomatist,  2  b. 
Outag'amie,  county,  XII.  742. 

Outagamies  i  see  Foxes,  VII.  362,  1  c. 

Outer  Rhodes,  Swiss  half-canton,  I.  597,  1  b. 
Outer  Water,  of  Canton  river  estuary,  II.  767, 2  a. 
Outlawry,  XII. 742.  Women  “waived,”  743,1  a. 
Outram,  Sir  James  [oot'-ram],  British  soldier, 
XII.  743 ;  VIII.  522,  1  c. 

Outriggers ,  false,  in  racing  boats,  XIV.  455, 

2  ab. 

Ouvrard,  Gabriel  Julien  [oo-vrar],  French 
financier,  XII.  743. 

Ouzel  [oo'-zel],  bird,  XII.  744.  American  wa¬ 
ter  ouzel,  2  a.  European  ouzel,  ib.  (ill.). 
Other  birds  so  called,  745,  1  b. 

Ova:  see  Embryology,  VI.  561,  1  a. 

Ovagim,  victim  of  Turkish  intolerance,  1. 726, 2  a. 
Ovarian  dropsy,  XII.  569,  1  b. 

Ovaries,  XII.  568,  2  be.  See  Embryology, 
VI.  561,  1  b,  ff. 

Ovary ,  in  plants,  XIII.  585,  2  a;  587,  2  b; 

588,  1  b.  Inferior  ovary,  1  c. 

Ovation,  Roman,  XV.  876,  1  b. 

Oven  Bird,  XII.  745.  Red,  1  b  (ill.).  Golden- 
crowned  thrush,  2  a.  See  Yellow-throat. 
Ovens,  enchanted:  see  Eye  Stone,  VII.  48,  2  be. 
Ovens,  hot-blast ,  of  a  furnace,  IX.  394,  1  a. 
Overbeck,  Friedrich,  German  painter,  XII. 

745.  Johannes  Adolf,  archaeologist,  746, 1  a. 
Overbury,  Sir  Thomas,  English  author,  XII. 

746.  Victim  of  conspiracy,  1  be. 

Overhand  stoping ,  in  mining,  XI.  573,  1  a. 
Overijssel :  see  Overyssel. 


Overlook  mountain,  in  the  Catskills,  IV.  126, 

1  b;  hotel,  1  a. 

Overskou,  Thomas,  Danish  dramatist,  XII.  746. 
Overslaugh  [o'-ver-slaw],  in  the  Hudson,  IX. 

30,  2  a;  I.  245,  2  c. 

Overton,  county,  XII.  746. 

Overton,  Judge,  IX.  486,  2  a,  b  (Jackson). 
Over-tones,  in  music,  I.  70,  2  c. 

Overture,  musical,  XII.  746. 

O'verweg,  Adolf  [Ger.  o'-fer-vech],  German 
traveller,  XII.  746  ;  II.  344,  2  a,  be,  345, 1  a. 
Overyssel  [o'-ver-i-sel],  province  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  XII.  747. 

Ovibos  moschatus  (zoology),  XII.  101,  1  c  (ill.). 
Ov'id,  county  seat,  XIV.  7 65,  1  c. 

Ovid  (Publius  O vidius  Naso),  Roman  poet, 

XII.  747;  X.  195,  2  a. 

Oviedo  [o-ve-a/-£/io],  city  of  Spain,  XII.  748. 
Oviedo  y  Valdes,  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de, 
Spanish  chronicler,  XII.  748. 

Ovis  (zoology),  XIV.  835,  2  c.  O.  musimon, 
836,  2  ab.  O.  Ammon,  2  c  (ill.,  837).  O. 
tragelaphus,  837,  1  b.  O.  montana,  1  c  (ill.). 
O.  aries,  2  ab.  O.  steatopyga,  2  c.  O.  His- 
panica,  ib.  (ill.,  838).  O.  dolichura,  1  c. 
O'volo,  in  architecture,  I.  656,  1  c. 

Ov'ule,  in  anatomy,  XII.  568,  2  c.  In  plants, 

XIII.  574,  2  a;  585,  2  a;  587,  2  be. 
Owatonnci,  county  seat,  XV.  368,  1  c. 

Owego  [o-we'-go],  town  and  village  of  New 

York,  XII.  748. 

Owen,  two  counties,  XII.  748. 

Owen,  John,  English  divine,  XII.  749. 

Owen,  Richard,  British  anatomist,  XII.  749. 
Vertebral  theory,  V.  186,  1  be.  On  mol- 
lusca,  XI.  50,  2  a,  51,  2  b.  Vertebral  theory 
of,  XIII.  424,  2  a,  425,  1  c,  ff.,  427,  2  c,  428, 

2  a.  On  the  spinal  cord  of  fishes,  V.  176, 
2  c.  Classification  of  reptiles,  VIII.  694, 
2  be;  of  fishes,  IX.  161,  2  ab  ;  of  mammals, 
XI.  81,  2  a,  c ;  of  birds,  XII.  708,  2  a. 
Theory  of  evolution,  VII.  11,  2  b.  The 
dinornis,  VI.  115,  2  c. 

Owen,  Robert,  reformer,  XII.  750 ;  XV.  142, 
1  b.  Robert  Dale,  American  author,  2  be 
(died  1877).  David  Dale,  geologist,  751,  1  be. 
Owen,  William,  English  painter,  XII.  751. 

Owen .  William:  see  Pughe,  William  Owen, 

XIV.  72,  2  c.  Aneurin  Owen,  73,  1  a. 
Owenborough,  county  seat,  V.  708,  2  c. 

Owen  Meredith ,  pseudonyme,  III.  435,  1  ab. 
Owen's  lake  and  river ,  California,  IX.  326,  1  o. 

(Lake  salt,  with  no  outlet.) 

Owenson:  see  Morgan,  Sydney. 


570 


OWEN  SOUND 


OZANAM 


Owen  Sound,  town  of  Canada,  XII.  751. 
Owenton ,  county  seat,  XII.  748,  2  c. 

Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  VIII.  525,  2  be. 

Owingsville ,  county  seat,  II.  387,  2  b. 

Owl,  XIT.  751.  Barn  owls,  752,  1  be  (ill., 
American  barn  owl).  Horned  owls,  2  c 
(ills.,  American  great  horned  owl,  screech 
owl,  and  long-eared  owl).  Gray  owls,  754, 

1  c  (ill.,  barred  owl).  Bird  owls,  755,  1  be 
(ill.,  American  burrowing  owl).  Day  owls, 

2  c  (ills.,  snowy  owl  and  hawk  owl). 
Owlespiegle :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  c. 

Owl  Parrot,  XII.  756  (ill.). 

Owosso,  city  of  Michigan,  XII.  756. 

Owsley,  county,  XII.  757. 

Owy'hee,  county,  XII.  757. 

Owyhee  river ,  Oregon,  XII.  679,  1  ab. 

Ox,  bovine  animal,  XII.  757.  Skull  of  (ill.). 
Age  of,  I.  182,  2  a. 

Oxal'ic  Acid,  XII.  757.  Artificial  production 
of,  Sclilesinger’s  method,  2  c :  see  Berg¬ 
man,  II.  558,  1  c.  Poisoning  by,  XII.  758, 

1  b.  Uses  of,  1  be. 

Ox'alis  (botany),  XII.  758.  O.  stricta,  2  c.  O. 
acetosella,  ib.  (ill.) ;  759,  1  b.  O.  violacea, 
759,  1  a.  O.  versicolor,  1  ab.  O.  Bowiei, 
&c.,  1  b.  O.  crenata,  1  be.  O.  Deppei,  1  c. 
Oxenden,  Ashton,  English  bishop,  XII.  759. 
Oxenford,  John,  English  author,  XII.  759. 
(Died  1877.) 

Oxenstiern,  Axel,  count  [ox'-en-stern],  Swe¬ 
dish  statesman,  XII.  759 ;  IV.  548, 1  ab,  2  ab ; 
549,  1  ab,  2  a. 

Oxcnstjerna  [ox'-en-shair-na]:  see  Oxenstiern. 
Oxeye,  plant,  XII.  760.  Sea  oxeye,  1  b.  Ox- 
eye  daisy,  ib. ;  V.  638,  2  a  (ill.). 

Oxeye:  see  Titmouse,  XV.  775,  1  a. 

Oxford,  county  of  Maine,  XII.  760. 

Oxford,  county  of  Canada,  XII.  760. 

Oxford ,  county  seats,  II.  542,  1  a;  VIII.  161, 

2  b  ;  X.  93,  1  b. 

Oxford,  city  of  England,  XII.  760. 

Oxford,  Earl  of :  see  Harley,  Kobert. 
Oxford,  University  of,  XII.  760.  History, 
1  c.  Constitution  of,  762,  1  a.  Congrega¬ 
tion  of  the,  1  c.  University  buildings,  763, 
1  c.  Colleges  and  halls,  2  c,  765,  2  a,  b ; 
V.  58,  1  be.  Christ  Church  college,  XII. 
764,  2  b  (ill.);  765,  1  c,  2  a.  Oriel  college, 

764,  2  c  (ill.,  765).  Corpus  Cliristi  college, 

765,  1  b  (ill.).  Degrees  and  examinations, 

766,  1  ab.  Revenue  and  expenditure,  2  b. 
Oxfordshire,  county  of  England,  XII.  767. 

Ox  Gall,  bile  of  the  ox,  XII.  767. 


Oxide  of  calcium  [ox'-id] :  see  Lime. 

Oxides,  XII.  767 ;  475,  1  c. 

Oxidized  muriatic  acid ,  so  called,  IV.  501,  2  a. 

Oxion :  see  Salts,  XIV.  583,  1  a. 

Oxlee,  John,  English  clergyman,  XII.  768. 

Oxlip  :  see  Primrose,  XIII.  837,  2  a. 

Oxpecker,  bird,  XII.  768  (ill.). 

Oxus,  river  of  western  Asia,  XII.  768. 

Oxychlorides ,  &c. :  see  Salts,  XIV.  584,  2  a. 

Oxydendrum  (botany),  XV.  855,  1  c.  O. 
arboreum,  ib.  (ill.). 

Oxygen,  XII.  769.  Discovery  of,  and  names 
first  given  it,  1  ab.  Present  name,  l.b;  I. 
66,  1  b ;  XIV.  582,  2  a.  Preparation  of, 
XII.  769,  1  b  (ills.);  in  large  quantities,  1  c, 
XI.  104,  1  b.  Properties,  XII.  770,  1  ab  ; 
combustion,  1  c.  Compounds  of,  2  ab; 
475,  1  b.  Oxyhydrogen  blowpipe,  770, 
2  be.  Affinities,  2  c.  Animal  respiration, 
771,  1  a.  Action  of  gunpowder,  1  b.  Oxi¬ 
dation  in  the  arts,  1  be.  Proportion  of  oxy¬ 
gen  in  nature,  769,  la;  II.  83,  2  c. 

Oxygenated  water :  see  Hydrogen,  IX.  112,  1  a. 

Oxygen  ratio,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  583,  2  a. 

Oxy-hcemoglobine ,  XII.  771,  1  a. 

Oxyhydrogen  blowpipe,  II.  749,  1  a;  XII.  770, 
2  b.  Heat  generated  by  it,  VIII.  568,  2  a. 

Oxyrhina punctata  { ichthyology),  XIV.  828,2  ab. 

Oxyrynchus,  monasteries  of,  XI.  728,  2  c. 

Oxysulphion :  see  Salts,  XIV.  583,  1  a ;  Gal¬ 
vanism,  VII.  590,  2  b. 

Oxy trichi' na,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 

Oxyu'ris  vermicula' ris  (entozoa),  VI.  669,  1  a 
(ill.) ;  Xllf.  533,  2  b. 

Oy  or  0\  Irish  prefix,  XII.  128,  1  b. 

Oyer,  in  law,  XII.  771. 

Oyer  and  Terminer,  XII.  771. 

“  Oyer  of  poisoning,  grand:”  see  James  I., 
IX.  517,  1  be,  and  Overbury,  Sir  Thomas. 

Oyster,  XII.  771.  At  different  stages  of 
growth  (ill.),  772.  Culture,  VII.  217,  2  b. 

Oyster  Catcher,  bird,  XII.  773.  American, 
2  b  (ill.).  Pied  oyster  catcher,  774,  1  a. 

Oyster  fish :  see  Toad  Fish. 

Oyster  Green,  seaweed,  XII.  774. 

Oyster  Plant,  XII.  774  (ill.).  Black,  2  b 
(ill.).  Spanish,  2  c. 

Oyster  shells,  prepared,  medicinal  use  of,  X. 
480,  1  b. 

Oysterville,  county  seat,  XII.  780,  2  b. 

Ozaka  [o-za'-ka],  city  of  Japan,  XII.  774. 
Castle  of,  775,  1  a  (ill.). 

Ozanam,  Antoine  Frederic  [o-za-nang],  French 
author,  XII.  775. 


OZARK 


PiEONY 


5Y1 


Ozark',  county,  XIT.  775. 

Ozark ,  county  seat,  YIT.  434,  1  a. 

Ozark  Mountains,  XII.  775. 

Ozau'kee,  county,  XII.  775. 

Ozaukee ,  county  seat,  XII.  77G,  1  a. 

Ozoce'rite ,  ozokerite ,  fossil  wax,  XYI.  516, 1  be; 
XIII.  62,  1  c. 


Ozolian  Lociiians  :  see  Locris. 

O'zone,  a  condition  of  oxygen,  XII.  776.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  1  a.  Preparation  of,  1  be  (ills.). 
Properties,  777,  1  ab.  Presence  in  the  at¬ 
mosphere,  2  b.  Influence  of  forests,  and 
atmospheric  changes,  2  c.  Its  absence  in¬ 
dicative  of  adulteration  of  the  air,  ib. 


P 


P,  a  letter,  XII.  778.  Sounds,  1  ab.  In  ab¬ 
breviations,  1  b.  In  numismatics,  1  be.  As 
a  numeral  sign,  ib. 

Paalzow,  Ilenriette  von  [pal'-tso],  German 
novelist,  XII.  778. 

Paca  [pa'-ka],  animal,  XII.  778  (ill.). 

Paca,  William,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XII.  779. 

Paccard,  Alexis  [pak-kar],  French  architect, 
XII.  779. 

Pacchioni,  Antonio  [pak-kyo'-ne],  Italian  ana¬ 
tomist,  XII.  779.  Glandulse  Pacchioni,  1  c; 
III.  188,  2  be. 

Pacchionian  glands:  see  Pacchioni  (Index). 

Pace  eggs :  see  Easter,  YI.  374,  2  ab. 

Pacha  [pa-sha'j :  see  Pasha. 

Paciiacamac',  Ruins  of,  XII.  779.  Peruvian 
deity,  2  ab  ;  XIII.  342,  1  a.  Temple  of,  ib. ; 
XII.  779,  2  ab;  I.  399,  1  b. 

Pacheco,  Francisco  [pa-cha'-ko],  Spanish 
painter,  XII.  779. 

Pachomius,  Saint  [-ko'-],  XII.  779 ;  XI.  728,  2  b. 

Pachydermata  [pak-e-der'-ma-ta],  group  of 
mammals,  XII.  780. 

Pacific,  county,  XII.  780. 

Pacific  Ocean,  XII.  780.  Configuration,  2  c. 
Depth,  781,  1  a.  Currents,  1  be.  Winds, 
2  b.  Tides,  782,  1  a.  Islands,  1  ab ;  in¬ 
habitants,  1  c  (see  Malayo-Polynesian 
Races);  points  of  resemblance  to  South 
American  races,  XYI.  41,  1  be.  Fauna, 
XII.  782,  2  ab. 

Pacific  railroads ,  XIY.  174,  2  a  (profile). 

Pacification ,  edict  of,  in  France  (1562),  X. 
393,  2  c. 

Pacification  of  Ghent  (1576),  IX.  653,  1  b. 

Pacifico,  affair  of :  see  Greece,  YIII.  203, 1  be. 

Pacini,  Giovanni  [pa-che'-ne],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  XII.  783. 

Paciolus  de  Burgo,  Lucas,  mathematician,  I. 
301,  1  be  (Algebra). 

Pack,  of  ice,  IX.  149,  1  a;  XIII.  65,  2  c. 


Packard,  Alpheus  Spring,  jr.,  American  natu¬ 
ralist,  XII.  783. 

Packer  collegiate  institute,  III.  325,  1  c. 
Packfong  (German  silver),  XYI.  817,  1  be; 
XII.  432,  2  a. 

Packing,  in  mining,  XI.  572,  2  c. 

Paco :  see  Llama,  X.  553,  1  a. 

Paoto'lus,  river,  XII.  783.  See  Midas. 
Pactum  Calixtinum ,  concordat  of  Worms,  III. 
618,  2  b. 

Pacuvius,  Marcus,  Roman  dramatist,  XII. 
783  ;  X.  193,  2  a. 

Padang':  see  Sumatra,  XY.  464,  1  be,  2  b; 

465,  1  b ;  466,  1  a,  ab. 

Padda ,  bird,  VII.  190,  2  a. 

Padding  style,  of  calico  printing,  III.  597,  1  ab. 
Paderborn,  town  of  Prussia,  XII.  783. 

Paddle  fish,  XY.  432,  2  a. 

Paddock,  toad,  XY.  777,  2  c. 

Paddy :  see  Rice,  XIV.  309,  1  b. 

Padilla,  Juan  Lopez  de  [pa-^e'-lya],  Spanish 
patriot,  XII.  783.  Maria  Pacheco,  his  wife, 
784,  1  c. 

Padilla,  Maria  de,  mistress  of  Pedro  the  Cruel, 
II.  694,  1  a;  XIII.  223,  2  be. 

Padishah  [pa-de-sha'],  sovereign  title,  XYI. 
59,  1  a. 

Padova  [pa'-do-va] :  see  Padua. 

Pad'ua,  province  of  Italy,  XII.  784.  Capital 
city,  2  a.  Municipal  palace,  2  c  (ill.).  Uni¬ 
versity,  785,  1  ab.  History,  1  b. 

Padu'cah,  city  of  Kentucky,  XII.  785. 

Padus  :  see  Po. 

Pcedogen' esis,  a  kind  of  reproduction,  XIII. 
132,  2  c. 

P^eo'nia  :  see  Macedonia,  X.  782,  1  b,  c. 
Pceonia  (botany),  XII.  785,  2  b.  P.  officinalis, 
2  c  (ill.,  786).  P.  tenuifolia,  786,  1  b  (ilk). 
P.  albiflora,  2  a.  P.  moutan,  2  be  (ill.). 
P.  Brownii  or  Californica,  787,  2  a. 

P^e'ony,  plant,  XII.  785.  Common,  2  c  (ill., 
786).  Slender-leaved,  786,  1  b  (ill.).  Chi- 


572 


PAER 


PALEONTOLOGY 


nese,  2  a.  Tree  pieony,  2  c  (ill.).  Culture, 
787,  1  a. 

Paer,  Ferdinando  [pa-air'],  Italian  composer, 
XII.  787. 

Pcestan  roses  [pes'-tan],  XII.  788,  1  a. 

Pestum,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  XII.  787.  Ruined 
temples  at,  2  b  (ill.);  material  of,  III.  568,  1  b. 

Pcetus ,  Ccecina :  see  Akria,  I.  767,  1  a. 

Paez,  Francisco  [pa-aith'],  Spanish  missionary, 
XII.  788. 

Paez,  Jose  Antonio,  Venezuelan  soldier  and 
statesman,  XII.  788 ;  III.  9,  2  c.  Ramon, 
author,  XII.  788,  2  c. 

Paganelli,  Bernardo  (Pope  Eugenius  III.),  VI. 
773,  1  b. 

Paga'ni :  see  Paganism,  XII.  789,  2  a. 

Paganini,  Nicolo  [pa-ga-ne'-ne],  Italian  mu¬ 
sician,  XII.  788. 

Paganism,  heathenism,  XII.  789. 

Page,  two  counties,  XII.  789. 

Page ,  Prof.  Charles  G.  (Charles  Grafton,  M.  D., 
1812-68,  patent  examiner  in  Washington), 
discovery  in  electro-magnetism,  VI.  515,  2  b. 
His  electro-magnetic  engine,  516,  2  c;  mag¬ 
neto-electric  apparatus,  XL  13,  2  c ;  discovers 
principle  the  telephone,  XV.  622,*  1  c,  2  a. 

Page,  William,  American  painter,  XII.  789. 

Paget,  Sir  James  [paj'-et],  English  surgeon, 
XII.  790.  His  theory  of  inflammation,  IX. 
276,  2  c. 

Pago'da,  a  kind  of  temple,  XII.  790. 

Pagoph'ila  eburne'a  (ornithology),  VIII.  31 9, 2  c. 

Pagrus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  723,  2  a.  P.  ar- 
gyrops,  2  be  (ill.).  P.  vulgaris,  2  c. 

Pahlavi :  see  Pehlevi  (Index). 

Pahlen,  Peter  Louis,  count  [pa'-len],  Russian 
conspirator,  XII.  790 ;  I.  281,  1  a.  Assassi¬ 
nation  of  Paul  I.,  XIII.  172,  2  b ;  II.  531, 
2  c. — Peter,  XII.  790,  2  b.  Frederick,  2  be. 

Pailleron,  Edouard  [pa-yhh-rong],  French 
dramatist,  XII.  790. 

Paillettes  [Fr.  pa-y&t]:.  see  Wire,  XVI.  677,  2  c. 

Paine,  Martyn,  American  physician,  XII.  790. 
(Died  1878.)  Robert  Troup,  791,  1  be. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat,  statesman,  XII.  791. 
Robert  Treat,  jr.,  author,  1  c. 

Paine,  Thomas,  political  writer,  XII.  791. 

Painesville,  village  of  Ohio,  XII.  793. 

Painted  pig,  animal,  XVI.  466,  1  b. 

Painted  Pocks,  the ,  on  French  Broad  river, 
VII.  480,  2  c. 

Painter ,  fetid  odor  so  called,  XIII.  337,  2  c. 

Painter  (panther),  V.  422,  1  c. 

Painter  of  graces ,  the ,  so  styled,  III.  147,  1  a. 


Painter’s  Colic  :  see  Colic,  and  Lead,  X. 
246,  1  c,  2  a. 

Painting,  XII.  793.  In  Egypt,  2  b.  In  Greece, 

794,  1  b  ;  extant  Greek  paintings,  795,  1  be. 
In  Etruria,  1  c.  In  Rome,  ib. ;  earliest  Ro¬ 
man,  VII.  51,  2  c.  Early  Christian,  XII. 

795,  2  b:  see  Mosaics,  and  Miniaturb 
Painting.  Byzantine  school,  796,  1  c.  Re¬ 
vival  of  in  Italy,  2  a.  Schools  of,  2  c.  Tus¬ 
can,  ib. ;  Venetian,  798,  2  b;  Paduan,  799, 

1  b  ;  Umbrian,  ib. ;  Roman,  1  c  ;  Bolognese, 

2  c ;  of  Parma,  800,  1  a ;  of  Milan,  ib. ;  of 
Naples,  1  b.  See  Fresco  Painting,  VII. 
483,  2  ab.  In  Germany,  XII.  800, 1  be  ;  the 
Netherlands,  2  b ;  Spain,  801,  2  b ;  France, 
802,  1  a ;  England,  2  c ;  America,  803,  2  b. 

Paint  Pock ,  on  Tennessee  river,  I.  229,  2  a. 
Paints,  coloring  substances,  XII.  804.  Harden¬ 
ing  of  paint,  771,  1  b. 

Paintville,  county  seat,  IX.  656,  2  b. 
Paisiello,  Giovanni  [pl-ze-el'-lo],  Italian  com¬ 
poser,  XII.  805. 

Paisley  [paiz'-le],  town  of  Scotland,  XII.  806. 
Paix  des  dames ,  la  [la  pa  da  dam] :  see  Ladies' 
peace  (Index). 

Paix  fourree  [pafoo-ra],  so  styled,  XII.  698,  2  c. 
Paixhans,  Henri  Joseph  [pa-zang],  French  gen¬ 
eral  and  inventor,  XII.  806.  Paixhans 
gun,  1  c ;  I.  789,  1  b;  III.  709,  2  a,  b;  XII. 
185,  2  c. 

Pajou,  Augustin  [pa-zhoo],  sculptor,  XII.  806. 
Pakenham ,  Sir  E.  [pak'-nura],  (Edward  Mi¬ 
chael,  1798-1815),  English  general,  IX.  490, 
1  b,  2  a,  b. 

Palacky,  Frantisek  [pa-lats'-ke],  Bohemian 
historian,  XII.  806.  (Died  1876.) 

Palce'mon ,  in  Grecian  mythology,  IX.  437,  2  be. 
Palcemon  (crustacea),  XIII.  805,  1  be.  P. 
serratus,  2  a  (ill.). 

Palcemonop'sis  rulga’ris  (crustacea),  XV.  9,  1  a. 
Palceobotany  :  see  Geology,  VII.  687,  1  a. 
Paleol'ogus,  Byzantine  family,  XII.  806.  See 
Constantine  XIII.,  Palasologus.  John  Pa- 
lasologus,  emperor,  III.  724,  1  a.  John  Pa- 
lseologus,  duke  of  Montferrat,  I.  373,  1  b. 
See  Byzantine  Empire,  III.  517,  2  b. 
Palceoniscus ,  fossil  fish,  VII.  615,  1  b  (ill.). 
Paleontology,  science  of  fossils,  XII.  806. 
Early  theories,  807,  1  a;  progress  in  the 
science,  2  be.  Fossil  remains,  808,  2  b ; 
number  of  types  within  a  limited  period, 
809,  2  a ;  limited  duration  of  species,  810, 
1  a.  Classification  of  the  animal  kingdom, 
811,  1  c ;  of  plants,  813,  2  a.  Tabular  ar- 


PAL^EOPOLIS 


PALLADIO 


573 


rangement  of  the  geological  formations,  with 
characteristic  remains,  814-’16. 

Palmp'olis ,  oldest  part  of  Naples,  XII.  142, 1  c. 
Palceornis  (ornithology),  XIII.  123,  2  ab.  P. 
Alexandri,  2  b  (ill.). 

Pal^othe'rium,  fossil  animal,  XII.  816  (ill.). 
Foot  of,  VIII.  739,  1  c  (ill.).  Footprints  of, 
VII.  341,  1  c. 

Palceozo'ic  age,  fauna  of  the,  VII.  697,  2  c. 
Palaeozoic  rocks,  VII.  694,  1  a;  696,  1  b. 
Palceozoology  :  see  Geology,  VII.  687,  1  a. 
Palcetyrus  (Old  Tyre),  XVI.  97,  2  b. 

Palafox  y  Melzi,  Jose  [Sp.  pa-la-fdkh'  e  mail'- 
the],  Spanish  patriot,  XII.  816. 

Palais  des  thermes  [pa-la  da  tairm],  ruins  of, 
in  Paris,  XIII.  89,  1  c. 

Palais  Royal  [rwa-yal],  Paris,  XIII.  83,  2  ab. 
Palaka ,  native  town  in  Liberia,  X.  398,  2  b. 
Palamede' a  (ornithology),  XIV.  711,  2  b.  P. 
cornuta,  2  c  (ill.). 

Palamedei’ nee  (ornithology),  XIV.  711,  2  b. 
Palame'des,  legendary  Greek  hero,  XII.  817. 
Palampoors ,  counterpanes,  III.  594,  2  c. 
Palate  (anatomy),  XII.  817  (ill.). 

Palat'inate,  the  Upper  and  Lower,  XII.  818. 
Pal'atine,  title,  XII.  818.  Count  (or  county) 
palatine,  1  ab  (Palatinate)  ;  V.  426,  2  ab ; 
VI.  353,  1  b. 

Palatine  academy  or  school,  of  Charlemagne, 
IV.  291,  2  a ;  VI.  412,  2  a. 

Palatine  arches :  see  Palate,  XII.  817,  1  c. 
Palatine  hill :  see  Rome,  XIV.  409,  1  ab. 
Palatine  school:  see  Palatine  academy  (Index). 
Palatines ,  the,  emigrants,  IX.  781,  2  c. 
Palati'nus  mons :  see  Palatine  hill  (Index). 
Palatium  Franconenford,  VII.  431,  1  a. 
Palatka,  county  seat,  XIV.  99,  2  b. 
Palatoplasty ,  surgical  operation,  II.  156,  2  be. 
Pale,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  b.  (See  plate.) 
Palembang',  province  of  Sumatra,  XII.  818. 
Capital,  2  be. 

Palen'cia  [Sp.  pa-lain'-the-a],  province  of 
Spain,  XII.  818.  Capital  city,  819,  1  a. 
Palenque  [pa-lain'-ka],  Ruins  of,  XII.  819. 

Pyramidal  temple  of,  I.  398,  1  a  (ill.). 

Paleo-  Vuno  :  see  Helicon,  VIII.  618,  2  b. 
Paler'mo  [It.  pa-lair'-mo],  province  of  Sicily, 
XII.  819.  Capital  city,  2  c.  Cathedral  of, 
820,  2  b  (ill.).  Other  churches,  2  c.  Uni¬ 
versity,  821,  1  c.  History,  2  ab. 

Pa'les,  in  Roman  mythology,  XII.  821. 
Palestine,  country  of  western  Asia,  XIII.  5. 
(Map.)  Topography,  1  c.  Hydrography, 
6,  2  a.  Ruins,  7,  1  a.  Climate  and  pro¬ 


ductions,  1  ab.  Fauna,  2  a.  Present  in¬ 
habitants,  2  ab ;  early,  2  c.  Names  of  Pal¬ 
estine,  ih.  Origin  of  the  name,  419,  2  b. 
Ancient  divisions,  8,  1  a.  History,  1  c. 
Explorations,  2  be.  “  Palestine  Exploration 
Fund,”  2  c;  IX.  618,  1  c. 

Palestine ,  county  seat,  I.  472,  1  b. 

Palestrina  [pa-les-tre'-na],  town  of  Italy,  XIII. 
9.  See  Pr^eneste. 

Palestrina,  Giovanni  Pietro  Aloisio  da,  Italian 
composer,  XIII.  9 ;  XII.  89,  1  b. 

Palets ,  in  grasses,  VIII.  166,  1  c. 

Palettes,  of  the  ship  worm,  XIV.  871,  1  a ;  of 
a  wheel,  XVI.  593,  1  a. 

Paley,  William,  English  theologian,  XIII.  9; 
XI.  807,  1  be,  814,  1  ab.  Frederick  Ap- 
thorp,  author,  XIII.  10,  1  b. 

Palffy  [pal'-fe],  Hungarian  family,  XIII.  10. 

Palffy,  Albert,  author,  XIII.  10. 

Palfrey,  John  Gorham  [pawl'-fre],  American 
author,  XIII.  10.  Sarah  Hammond,  author¬ 
ess,  2  c. 

Palgrave,  Sir  Francis  [pawl'-grave],  English 
author,  XIII.  10.  Francis  Turner,  poet,  11, 
1  b.  William  Gifford,  traveller,  1  c. 

Palibothra,  of  ancient  geographers,  I.  323,  2  ab. 

Palikao,  Charles  Guillaume  Marie  Apollinaire 
Antoine  Cousin-Montauban,  count  de  [pa-le- 
kow],  French  soldier,  XIII.  11. 

Pali  Language  [pa'-le] :  see  India,  Races  and 
Languages  of,  IX.  216,  2  be. 

Palilia,  Roman  festival,  XII.  821,  2  c. 

Pal'impsest,  XIII.  11.  See  Manuscript,  XI. 
132,  2  ab. 

Palinu'rum,  promontory,  XIII.  12. 

Palinurns,  legendary  pilot,  XIII.  12,  2  c.  So- 
called  tomb  of,  ib. 

Palinurus  (ornithology),  XIV.  462,  2  b.  P. 
perciformis,  2  be  (ill.). 

Palisades' ,  of  the  Hudson,  IX.  30, 1  b;  II.  556, 1  a. 

Palisot,  Ambroise  Marie  Frangois  Joseph 
Beauvois  de  [pa-le-zo],  French  naturalist, 
XIII.  12. 

Palissy,  Bernard  [pa-lees-se],  potter,  XIII.  13  ; 
782,  1  b.  Discovery  of  the  animal  origin  of 
fossil  impressions,  V.  600,  1  a.  First  to  re¬ 
fer  fossil  remains  of  fishes  to  marine  animals, 
VII.  687,  2  c. 

Palk  Strait:  see  Ceylon. 

Pall,  or  Palla  :  see  Pallium. 

Pall,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  b.  (See  plate.) 

Palladic  chloride,  XIII.  14,  2  b;  oxide,  2  c. 

Palladio,  Andrea  [pal-la'-de-o],  Italian  archi¬ 
tect,  XIII.  13.  Villa  of,  XVI.  340,  1  be. 


574 


PALLADIOUS 


PALO 


Palladious  chloride ,  XIII.  14,  2  b;  iodide, 
2  be ;  nitrate,  2  c ;  oxide,  2  be. 

Palladium,  in  Greek  legend,  XIII.  13 ;  XVI. 
328,  2  ab. 

Palladium,  metal,  XIII.  13 ;  XI.  585,  2  b. 
Compounds  of,  XIII.  14,  2  b. 

Palladius,  surnamed  Sophista  or  Iatrosophis- 
ta,  Greek  medical  writer,  XIII.  14.  Ruti- 
lius  Taurus  iEmilianus,  Roman  writer  on 
agriculture,  15,  1  a.  Christian  father,  ib. 

Pallantia ,  ancient  city,  XII.  819,  1  a. 

Pallantids ,  descendants  of  Pallas,  XV.  701, 1  c. 

Pallas  :  see  Minerva. 

Pallas ,  asteroid,  II.  38,  2  b. 

Pallas,  Peter  Simon,  German  naturalist,  XIII. 
15.  Ilis  classification  of  fishes,  IX.  160, 1  b. 

Pallavicino,  Ferrante  [pal-la-ve-che'-no],  Ital¬ 
ian  author,  XIII.  15. 

Pallavicino,  Sforza,  author,  XIII.  15. 

Pallet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  b. 

Pallet ,  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IY.  696,  2  be. 

Pallial  impression,  in  sea  shells,  Y.  201,  2  c. 

Palliasse ,  kind  of  mattress,  XY.  413,  1  b. 

Palliobranchiata  (mollusca),  XI.  725,  1  b ;  III. 
177,  2  a. 

Palliser ,  Mrs.  Bury ,  on  lace  making,  X.  77, 
2  a;  80,  1  be. 

Palliser,  Sir  William,  inventor,  XIII.  15. 
His  method  of  making  a  gun,  I.  794,  1  a. 
John,  traveller,  XIII.  15,  2  c. 

Palliser  chilled  shot ,  I.  792,  2  b. 

Pallium,  or  Palla,  XIII.  16;  I.  646,  1  c. 

Pall  Mall  [pel-meF],  London,  X.  595,  1  b. 

Palm  [pain],  XIII.  16.  Stem,  2  b  (ill.).  Mode 
of  growth,  2  c :  see  Endogens.  Flowers  and 
fruit,  17,  1  a  (ill.,  16).  Distribution  and 
uses  of  palms,  1  b.  Areca  tribe,  1  c  (ills., 
fruit  and  nut  of  betel  palm,  A.  lutescens, 
and  toddy  palm).  Calamus  tribe,  18,  2  a 
(ill.,  rattan  palm).  Borassus  tribe,  19,  2  be 
(ills.,  Palmyra  and  doum  palms).  Tribe  co- 
ryphinese,  20,  2  c  (ill.,  hardy  palm).  Tribe 
cocoinete,  21,  1  b  (ills.,  coquita  and  piassata 
palms).  Cultivation  of  palms,  22,  2  a.  Cus¬ 
tom  of  carrying  palm  branches,  2  b;  YIII. 
776,  1  be.  Age  of  palms,  I.  184,  2  c. 

Palm ,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Palm,  Johann  Philipp  [palm],  German  pub¬ 
lisher,  XIII.  23. 

Palma  [pal'-ma],  capital  of  Majorca,  XIII.  23. 

Palma,  Jacopo,  the  elder,  Italian  painter,  XIII. 
23.  Jacopo,  the  younger,  painter,  2  a. 

Palma,  San  Miguelde  la,  Canary  island,  XIII.  23. 

Palma  Christi  :  see  Castor  Oil. 


Palmaroli,  Pietro,  Italian  painter,  XIII.  23. 

Palmas,  Cape :  see  Cape  Palmas. 

Palmas,  Ciudad  Real  de  las  [thu-£7nU/i/  ra-al' 
da  las  pal'-mass],  city,  Canaries,  XIII.  24. 

Palmblad,  Yilhelm  Fredrik  [palm'-blad],  Swe¬ 
dish  author,  XIII.  24. 

Palmeet plant,  XIII.  27,  1  b. 

Palmella,  Dom  Pedro  de  Souza-IIolstein, 
duke  de,  Portuguese  statesman,  XIII.  24. 

Palmer  [pa'-mer],  pilgrim,  XIII.  514,  1  c. 

Palmer,  Christian  von  [pal'-mer],  German  the¬ 
ologian,  XIII.  24. 

Palmer,  Edward  Henry,  English  orientalist, 
XIII.  24. 

Palmer,  Erastus  Dow,  American  sculptor, 
XIII.  24. 

Palmer,  John,  English  clergyman,  XIII.  25. 

Palmer,  Ray,  American  clergyman  and  author, 
XIII.  25. 

Palmer,  Roundell,  Lord  Selbourne,  English 
statesman,  XIII.  25.  William,  clergyman,  2  b. 

Palmerston,  Henry  John  Temple,  viscount, 
statesman,  XIII.  25. 

Palme' ta,  plant,  XIII.  27,  1  b. 

Palmetto,  XIII.  26.  Tall  or  cabbage  palmetto, 
2  a  (ill.) ;  saw,  27, 1  a ;  dwarf,  1  b  ;  blue,  1  be. 

Palm  honey ,  XIII.  21,  1  c. 

Palmitic  acid ,  XIII.  27,  2  c. 

Palmitine  [pal'-me-tin],  chemical  compound, 
III.  698,  2  a;  XII.  605,  1  a;  XIII.  27,  2  c; 
XYI.  516,  1  b. 

Palm-nut  oil ,  XIII.  27,  2  a. 

Palm  Oil,  XIII.  27.  Oil  palm,  1  c  (ill.). 

Palm  rat ,  Y.  240,  2  c. 

Palm  Sunday  :  see  Holy  Week,  YIII.  776, 1  be. 

Palm  wine ,  XIII.  19,  2  b;  IY.  791,  1  a. 

Palm  worm ,  XVI.  536,  1  be. 

Palmy'ra,  ancient  city  of  Syria,  XIII.  28  (view). 

Palmyra ,  county  seats,  YII.  293,  2  a ;  XI.  169, 
2  c. 

Palmyra  palm,  XIII.  19,  1  c  (ill.). 

Palmyrene  character ,  XV.  547,  2  a. 

Pa'lo  Al'to,  county,  XIII.  29. 

Palo  Alto  [pa'-lo  41'- to],  Texas,  battle  of, 
XIII.  29. 

Palo  de  Campeche,  log-wood ,  III.  666,  1  b. 

Palolo  Tagh  :  see  Bolor  Tagh. 

Palomino  de  Castro  y  Yelasco,  Acislo  Anto¬ 
nio  [pa-lo-me'-no],  Spanish  painter,  XIII.  29. 

Palo  Pinto,  county,  XIII.  29. 

Palo  Pinto ,  county  seat,  XIII.  29,  2  ab. 

Palongs,  race,  II.  604,  2  c  (Bhamo). 

Palos  [pa'-loce],  town  of  Spain,  XIII.  29. 

Palo  de  vaca,  cow  tree,  Y.  445,  2  a. 


PALPITATION 


PANTIIEON 


575 


Palpitation  :  see  Heart,  Diseases  of  tlie,  VIII. 
565,  2  c. 

Palsy  :  see  Paralysis.  Lead  palsy,  X.  247,  2  b. 
Pa' lus  Mao' t is :  see  Azov,  Sea  of. 

Pamiers  [pa-myair],  town  of  France,  XIII.  29. 
Pamir  [pa-meer'J,  table  land  of  Asia, XVI.66,1  c. 
Pam'lioo,  county,  XIII.  29. 

Pamlico  River,  North  Carolina,  XIII.  29. 
Pamlico  Sound,  XIII.  29. 

Pamor ,  a  kind  of  iron,  II.  643,  2  b. 

Pampas,  plains  of  South  America,  XIII.  29. 
Pampas  Grass,  XIII.  30  (ill.). 

Pampeluna  :  see  Pamplona. 

Pamphi'lus,  Greek  painter,  XIII.  30. 
Pamphilus,  early  Christian  writer,  XIII.  30. 
Pamphylia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  31. 
Pamplona,  city  of  Spain,  XIII.  31. 

Pan,  in  mythology,  XIII.  31 ;  380,  2  c.  Rep¬ 
resentations  of,  VIII.  58,  1  a. 

Pan}  of  a  musket,  XII.  97,  2  a. 

Pan^e'nus,  Greek  painter,  XIII.  31. 

Panama  [pan-a-ma'J,  state  and  isthmus  of  Co¬ 
lombia,  XIII.  31.  Railway,  32,  2  b.  History, 
33, 1  a.  Proposed  interoceanic  canal,  1  b. — 
Capital  city,  34,  1  a.  Cathedral,  ib.  (ill.,  33). 
Panamay  congress  of,  referred  to,  I.  103,  2  c. 
Panama  hats ,  manufacture  of,  XV.  413,  2  c. 
Panatiien.e'a,  Athenian  festival,  XIII.  34; 
XI.  598,  1  a. 

Panathena' ic  stadium,  in  Athens,  II.  61,  1  c. 
Panax  quinquefolium  (botany),  VII.  816,  1  a. 
Panay  [pa-nl'j :  see  Philippine  Islands,  XII. 
417,  2  a. 

Pancake  Tuesday :  see  Shrove  Tide,  XV.  9, 1  c. 
Panchique  [pan-che'-ka],  unknown  animal,  V. 
86,  2  be. 

Panckoucke,  Charles  Joseph  [pang-kook], 
French  editor,  XIII.  34.  Charles  Louis 
Fleury,  editor,  2  b. 

Pan'oreas  (anatomy),  XIII.  34  (ill.,  35). 
Pancreat' ic  juice,  XIII.  35,  1  c;  I.  318,  2  b.  • 
Pancreatine  [pan-kre'-a-tin],  XIII.  36 ;  35, 1  c. 
Pancsova  [pon'-cho-vaw],  town  of  Hungary, 

XIII.  36. 

Panda,  animal,  XIII.  36  (ill.). 

Pandana'cea  (botany),  XIII.  36,  2  c. 
Panda'nus,  genus  of  trees,  XIII.  36.  P.  can¬ 
delabrum,  2  c  (ill.,  37).  P.  utilis,  37,  1  a; 
XI.  291,  2  c.  Method  of  growth,  VI.  594,  2  b. 
Pandects  :  see  Civil  Law,  IV.  623,  2  a. 
Pandi'on  (ornithology),  VII.  241, 1  a.  P.  Caro- 
linensis,  1  c  (ill.),  &c. 

Pandiyan  palace ,  in  Madura,  X.  837,  2  be. 
Pando'ra,  in  Greek  legend,  XIII.  37. 


Pandours ,  Austrian  light  infantry,  I.  747,  2  c. 
Pane,  of  buhrstone,  III.  419,  2  c. 

Panel:  see  Jury,  IX.  724, 1  a. 

Pangaum' :  see  Goa,  Newv 
Pan'golin,  animal,  XIII.  37.  Short-tailed,  2  b 
(ill.) ;  long-tailed,  2  c. 

“ Panhandle ,”  XV.  670,  2  b  (Texas);  XVI. 

572,  1  c  (West  Virginia). 

Pani  [pa-ne'J,  enslaved  Indian,  XIII.  197,  2  b. 
“ Panic  fear,"  origin  of  the  expression,  XIII. 
31,  2  a. 

Panicle,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  584,  2  ab. 

Panicum  (botany),  XI.  556,  1  a.  P.  miliaceum, 
ib.  (ill.,  555);  VIII.  168,  2  b.  P.  Germani- 
cum,  ib.  P.  crus-galli,  169,  1  b.  P.  san- 
guinale,  ib. 

Panier  [Fr.  p&-nya],  in  dress,  VII.  92,  2  c. 
Panin,  Count  [pa-nin'J,  (Nikita,  l7l8-’83,  min¬ 
ister  of  foreign  affairs  from  1763),  Russian 
conspirator,  IV.  Ill,  2  a. 

Panini  [pa-ne'-ne],  Sanskrit  grammarian,  XIII. 
38. 

Panionium,  temple  in  Ionia,  IX.  329,  2  a. 
Paniput',  town  of  India,  XIII.  38. 

Panizzi,  Sir  Anthony  [pa-neet'-se],  librarian, 
XIII.  38. 

Panjab :  see  Punjaub. 

Panjabi  [pan-ja'-be],  Punjaub  language,  IX. 

216,  2  c;  218,  1  c. 

Panjim  :  see  Goa,  New. 

Pannel,  in  Scotch  law,  IX.  724,  1  a. 
Pannic'ulus  carno'sus  (anatomy),  VIII.  825,  2  b. 
Panning,  of  gold,  VIII.  82,  2  ab. 

Pannonia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  38. 

Pannonia  Savia,  XV.  104,  2  c. 

Panoche  Grande  [pa-no'-cha  gran'-da],  estate 
in  California,  XI.  401,  2  a. 

Pano'la,  two  counties,  XIII.  38. 

Panola ,  county  seat,  XIII.  38,  2  be. 

Panolia  (zoology),  V.  757, 1  c,  2  a.  P.  Eldii,  ib. 
P<m0^'c<m,BenthanTs,XIV.  6,  2  b ;  11.536,1  a. 
Panora,  county  seat,  VIII.  342,  1  b. 

Panormus  :  see  Palermo,  XII.  819,  2  c,  821,  2  a. 
Panslavism,  X.  39,  1  c ;  X  V.  103,  2  b  (Pan- 
slavic  movement). 

Pansy:  see  Violet,  XVI.  362,  2  b  (ill.). 
Pantagraph,  for  wood  type,  XVI.  93,  2  ab. 

See  Pantograph  (Index). 

Pantalo'ne ,  in  Italian  comedy,  VIII.  463,  2  a. 
Pantchatantra ,  Hindoo  work,  II.  627,  2  a. 
Pan'theism  :  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  433,  1  c. 
Pantheon,  temple  in  Rome,  XIII.  38.  Build¬ 
er  of,  I.  208,  2  a.  Changed  to  a  church, 
III.  65,  2  c;  I.  337,  1  b.  Dome  of,  VI.  195, 


576 


PANTHEON 


PAPUAN 


2  c. — Church  in  Paris  (church  of  Sainte 
Genevieve),  XIII.  39,  lb;  84,  2  c ;  VI. 
197,  1  a;  VII.  671,  2  a. 

Pantheon  [pang-ta-6Dg],  French  revolutionary 
society,  III.  442,  1  b. 

Panther,  animal,  XIII.  39. 

Pantioap^e'um  :  see  Kertch. 

Pantisoc’racy ,  visionary  scheme  of  society,  V. 
50,  1  ab. 

Pantograph ,  repeating  machine,  in  engraving, 
IV.  764,  1  a.  Geometrical  pantograph,  VI. 
655,  2  ab.  See  Pantograph  (Index). 

Pantomime :  see  Drama,  VI.  247,  1  b. 

Pdnuco  [pa'-noo-ko],  river,  Mexico,  XI.  466, 1  b. 

Pao  Jarco  [pow  dar'-ko],  tree,  III.  223,  2  ab. 

Pao  Brazil ,  tree,  III.  223,  2  a. 

Pao'la ,  county  seat,  XI.  489,  2  a. 

Paoli,  county  seat,  XII.  666,  1  a. 

Paoli,  Pasquale  [It.  pow'-le],  Corsican  patriot, 
XIII.  39.  Clemente,  patriot,  40,  1  b. 

Paolo,  Fra  [fra  pow'-lo] :  see  Sarpi. 

Paolo  Veronese  [va-ro-na'-za] :  see  Cagliari, 
Paolo. 

Papa  [pa'-paw],  town  of  Hungary,  XIII.  40. 

Papacy  :  see  Pope,  and  Papal  States. 

Papagos  [pa-pa'-goce],  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  40. 

Papal  guarantees ,  bill  of,  XIII.  43,  2  b ;  IX. 
454,  2  ab. 

Papal  States,  XIII.  40.  Growth  of  the  tem- 

.  poral  power  of  the  popes,  41,  1  a.  Removal 
of  the  papal  residence  to  Avignon,  2  c.  Pon¬ 
tificate  of  Pius  IX.,  42,  2  b. 

Papal  supremacy :  see  Boniface  III.,  III.  65, 
2  be;  Boniface  VIII.,  66,  1  b,  be,  2  a;  Bos- 
suet,  115,  1  be;  and  X.  222,  1  c. 

Papa'rer  (botany),  XIII.  713,  2  c.  P.  somnife- 
rum,  714,  1  c  (ill.).  P.  rhoeas,  2  be.  P.  du- 
bium,  2  c  (ill.,  715).  P.  alpinum  and  P.  orien- 
tale,  715,  1  b. 

Papaveri'na :  see  Opium,  XII.  650,  1  a. 

Papaw',  tree,  XIII.  44.  Common,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
fruit,  1  be  (ilk).  Small-flowered,  &c.,  2  be. 
Tropical  papaw,  2  c  (ill.,  45). 

PapebroeJc ,  Daniel  [pa'-peh-brook],  (1628-1714), 
editor  of  the  Acta  Sanctorum  (1659-1709), 
III.  16,  2  c. 

Papenburg  [pa'-pen-boorg],  town  of  Prussia, 
XIII.  45. 

Paper,  XIII.  45.  Materials,  2  a.  Preparation 
of  paper  pulp,  46,  1  a;  engine,  1  be  (ills.). 
Manufacture  of  paper,  48,  2  be ;  varieties  of, 
2  c,  50,  2  ab.  Manufacture  by  machinery, 
49,  2  a ;  Fourdrinier  machine,  ib.  (ill.) ;  other 
machines,  50,  1  be.  Method  of  finishing  the 


surface,  2  a.  Trade  names,  2  be.  Uses,  51, 

1  a.  History,  1  b.  See  Printing,  846,  1  b. 
Paper  Hangings,  XIII.  53. 

Paper  money :  see  Bank,  and  Money,  XI.  740, 

2  be,  ff.  First  use  of  in  the  American  colo¬ 
nies,  741,  2  a;  in  Massachusetts,  ib.,  and  I. 
107,  1  b.  Depreciation  and  fluctuation  in 
prices  from  over-issues,  ib.,  and  XI.  259,  2  a. 

Paper  Nautilus  :  see  Nautilus. 

Paper  reed,  XIII.  59,  1  ab. 

Paper  weights,  of  glass,  how  made,  VIII.  24, 1  c. 
Paphlagonia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  53. 
Paph'os,  Old  and  New',  Cyprus,  XIII.  53. 
Papia  [pa-pe'-a],  XIII.  195,  1  a  (Pavia). 
Pa'pia  lex ,  XIII.  169,  2  ab.  Papia  et  Poppsea 
lex :  see  Lex  Julia,  &c.  (Index). 

Papianists,  millenarians,  XIII.  54,  1  a. 

Papias,  early  Christian  writer,  XIII.  54. 
Papier  glace  [pa-pya  gla-sa] :  see  Gelatine, 
VII.  660,  2  c. 

Papier  Mache  [m&-sha],  XIII.  54.  rapier 
mach£  process,  in  stereotyping,  850,  2  c. 
Papilio  (entomology),  III.  497,  1  c.  P.  Ma- 
chaon,  2  a.  P.  asterias,  ib.  (ill.) ;  larva  of, 
XIII.  130,  1  c.  P.  philenor,  III.  497,  2  c. 
P.  Turnus,  498,  1  a. 

Papilio,  kind  of  tent,  XV.  652,  2  b. 

Papiliona’ ceous  form,  of  plants,  XIII.  201,  2  a. 
Papilion'idce  (entomology),  III.  495,  2  be.  In 
Borneo,  104,  2  b. 

Papil'lce ,  of  the  skin,  XV.  78,  2  c  (ills.,  79). 

Of  the  tongue,  795,  1  a,  b,  c  (ills.). 

Papillon,  Fernand  [pa-pe-yo"g],  French  physi¬ 
ologist,  XIII.  54. 

Papin,  Denis  [pa-pang],  physicist,  XIII.  54.  Pa¬ 
pin’s  digester,  2  b.  His  steam  engine,  2  be ; 
XV.  339,  2  b. 

Papineau,  Louis  Joseph  [pa-pe-no],  Canadian 
politician,  XIII.  54. 

Papinian,  jurist :  see  Papinianus. 

Papiniani  Pesponsa ,  IV.  623,  2  c. 

Papinianus,  zEmilius,  Roman  jurist,  XIII.  55  ; 
X.  198,  2  c. 

Papirius  Cursor,  Roman  family,  XIII.  55. 

Lucius,  1  c.  Lucius,  his  son,  2  b. 
Pappenheim,  Gottfried  Heinrich,  count  [pap'- 
pen-hime],  German  general,  XIII.  55. 
Pappenheimers,  regiment,  XIII.  55,  2  c. 
Pappoose  root,  plant,  V.  23,  1  a. 

Pappus,  of  the  thistle,  XV.  712,  2  b. 

Pappus,  Alexandrinus,  Greek  geometer, XIII.56. 
Papua  [pa-poo'-a],  island,  Oceania,  XIII.  56. 
Papuan  Race  and  Languages,  XIII.  57 ;  VI. 
757,  1  a-b ;  XI.  726,  2  b ;  XII.  215,  2  a. 


PAPYRINE 


PARCIEUX 


577 


Papyrine  [pap'-e-rin],  vegetable  parchment, 
XIII.  74,  1  a. 

Papy'rus,  plant,  XIII.  59  (ill.).  Its  manufac¬ 
ture  into  paper,  2  c.  See  Egypt,  Language 
and  Literature  of,  and  Manuscript. 

Para  [pa-ra'j,  province  of  Brazil,  XIII.  60. 
Capital :  see  Belem. 

Para,  Rio :  see  Amazon,  I.  379,  2  a. 

Parab'ola ,  in  geometry,  I.  456,  1  b. 

Parabola,  of  a  microscope,  XI.  521,  1  a. 

Pardbol’ic  curve  of  double  curvature ,  I.  456, 1  c. 

Paracelsus  (Pliilippus  Aureolus  Theophrastus 
Bombastus  von  Hohenheitn),  Swiss  alchemist, 
XIII.  61.  Ilis  theory  of  insanity,  IX.  297, 
2  ab.  See  Chemistry,  IY.  359,  1  a. 

“ Paracelsus  of  surgery :  ”  see  Maisonneuve, 
Jules  Germain  Francois. 

Paracente'sis ,  surgical  operation,  YI.  266,  2  c ; 
abdominalis,  ib. 

Paraclete ,  oratory  and  abbey  of  the,  I.  18,  2  a, 
b,  c;  YIII.  625,  2  a. 

Paracyan'ogen  (chemistry),  Y.  603,  2  be. 

Paradise,  XIII.  61.  See  Eden. 

Paradise  apple,  I.  600,  1  b. 

Paradis' ea  (ornithology),  II.  649,  1  c.  P.  Pa- 
puana,  2  be.  P.  apoda,  650,  1  a  (ill.,  649). 
P.  rubra,  2  c  (ill.). 

Paradise,  Bird  of :  see  Bird  of  Paradise. 

Paradox'ides  (crustacea),  XY.  868,  1  c.  P. 
Harlani,  ib.  (ill.). 

Paradoxu'rus  (zoology),  XIII.  61.  P.  typus, 
2  c  (ill.,  62).  P.  musanga,  62,  1  ab. 

Paraf  flourish  in  writing,  YIII.  513,  1  ab. 

Paraffine  [par'-af-fin],  waxy  substance,  XIII. 
62.  Candles,  III.  699, 1  ab.  Oils,  XIII.  369, 
2  be.  Paraffine  lubricating  oils,  371,  2  a. 

Paraffin' ic  acid,  XIII.  62,  2  c. 

Para  grass:  see  Palm,  XIII.  21,  2  c. 

Paraguay  [pa-ra-gwi'J,  republic  of  South  Amer¬ 
ica,  XIII.  63  (map).  Area,  2  a.  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Physical  features,  64,  1  b.  Min¬ 
erals,  2  c.  Climate,  65, 1  a.  Soil,  ib.  Flora, 
1  b.  Agriculture,  2  a.  Fauna,  66,  1  a. 
Manufactures,  1  c.  Commerce,  ib.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  c.  Finances,  ib.  Educa¬ 
tion,  67,  1  a.  Religion,  1  b.  Government, 
ib.  History,  1  c. 

Paraguay,  river,  XIII.  69. 

Paraguay  Tea:  see  Mate. 

Paraiiyba  [pa-ra-e'-ba],  province  of  Brazil, 
XIII.  70.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Parallax,  in  astronomy,  XIII.  70. 

Parallel,  fir st,  in  a  siege,  XY.  29,  1  a;  second, 
1  c;  third,  2  b. 

37 


Parallel  motion,  in  music,  XII.  84,  2  c.  In  a 
steam  engine,  XY.  341,  1  b. 

Parallellitha,  rows  of  stones:  see  Finds,  YII. 
198,  2  a. 

Paral'ysis,  XIII.  71.  Muscular,  1  b ;  facial, 
2  ab.  Paralysis  agitans  (shaking  palsy),  III. 
203,  1  a.  Lead  paralysis  (lead  palsy),  X. 
247,  2  ab.  Paralysis  of  the  insane,  IX.  304, 
2  b.  See  Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  and  Spinal 
Diseases. 

Paramagnetic  bodies,  XI.  7,  1  b ;  YII.  85,  1  a. 
Paramagnetism,  YI.  73,  1  c. 

Paramaribo,  capital  of  Dutch  Guiana,  XIII.  71. 
Paramat'ta,  town  of  Australia,  XIII.  72. 
Paramorphia :  see  Opium,  XII.  650,  1  ab. 
Paramos  [pa'-ra-moce],  plateaus  of  Peru,  XIII. 
335,  2  ab. 

Parana  [pa-ra-nV],  river,  XIII.  72. 

Parana,  province  of  Brazil,  XIII.  72. 
Paranahyba  [-e'-ba],  river,  XIII.  72,  1  ab. 

Par anaphth aline :  see  Anthracene. 

Parang',  weapon,  YIII.  450,  1  ab. 
Paraphernalia,  in  law,  XIII.  72. 

Paraplegia :  see  Paralysis,  XIII.  71,  2  a.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  XY.  270,  2  b. 

Paraph' yses,  in  lichens,  X.  409,  1  c. 
Parapoph'yses  (anatomy),  XIII.  425,  1  a. 
Parasaccharose :  see  Sugar,  XY.  441,  2  b. 
Parasele'nce :  see  Halo,  YIII.  406,  1  c,  2  a. 
Parasitaires  [pa-ra-ze-tair],  monsters,  XI.  765, 
1  c,  766,  2  ab. 

Parasites ,  monsters,  XI.  765,  1  b. 

Parasitic  Animals  :  see  Entozoa,  and  Epizoa. 
Parasitic  Plants  :  see  Epiphytes,  and  Clo¬ 
ver,  IY.  714,  2  b. 

Parasol :  see  Umbrella. 

Parasuliotes :  see  Suliotes,  XY.  449,  2  a. 
Parasu  Rama,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  I.  191, 
2a;  II.  159,  1  be. 

Paratartaric  acid ,  XY.  574,  2  c ;  575,  1  c. 

Par  autre  vie  [o-truh  ve],  (tenure  by  another 
life),  YI.  738,  1  b. 

Paeay-le-Monial  [pa-ra-luh-mo-nyal],  town 
of  France,  XIII.  73.  Shrine  of  Marie  Ala- 
coque,  1  c. 

Parbattia,  Hindoo  dialect,  XII.  226,  2  b. 
Parbhu,  race  of  India,  IX.  213,  2  be. 

Parc^e,  in  mythology,  XIII.  73. 

Parc  aux  cerfs  [park  o  sair],  Louis  XY.’s  harem, 
X.  660,  2  b. 

Parchment,  skins  prepared  for  writing,  &c., 
XIII.  73.  Vegetable  parchment,  74,  1  a. 
Parcieux ,  Chevalier  de  [par-se-uh] :  see  Ri» 

VAROL. 


578 


PARDESSUS 


pare: 


Paedessus,  Jean  Marie  [par-da-sii],  French 
jurist,  XIII.  74. 

Pardoe,  Julia,  English  author,  XIII.  74. 
Pardon,  in  law,  XIII.  74.  IIow  different  from 
amnesty,  I.  429,  2  b. 

Pare,  Ambroise  [pa-ra],  French  surgeon,  XIII. 
75.  Ilis  treatment  of  gun-shot  wounds,  76, 

1  a;  XI.  349,  1  c. 

Paregoric  Elixir,  medicine,  XIII.  76  ;  XII. 
648,  2  b. 

Pareja,  Juan  de  [pa-ra,Jcha],  Spanish  artist, 
XIII.  76. 

Parelectronomic  layer ,  of  muscles,  I.  521,  1  be. 
Parembang'  (emu),  VI.  589,  1  a. 

Parenchyma  [pa-ren'-ke-ma],  in  anatomy,  XV. 

280,  1  c.  In  botany,  X.  264,  2  c. 

Parent  [pa-rang],  (Antoine,  1666-1716,  French 
mathematician),  VII.  702,  1  a. 

Parent  and  Child:  see  Infant. 

Parent  du  Chatelet,  Alexandre  Jean  Bap¬ 
tiste  [dli  sliat-la],  physician,  XIII.  76. 
Parentalia ,  Roman  festival :  see  Manes. 
Parentucelli ,  Tommaso  [pa-ren-too-chel'-le], 
(Pope  Nicholas  V.),  XII.  429,  2  be. 
Parepa-Rosa  :  see  Rosa. 

Par’esis ,  paralytic  insanity,  IX.  304,  2  c. 
Parhelia  :  see  Halo,  VIII.  406,  1  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  XIV.  189,  1  a. 

Pa'riahs,  Hindoo  caste,  XIII.  76  ;  IX.  226,  1  a. 

Pariah  dogs,  XIII.  76,  2  b. 

Parian  biscuit ,  for  statuettes,  &c.,  XIII.  783, 

2  a ;  786,  2  c. 

Parian  cement ,  VIII.  359,  1  b. 

Parian  Chronicle ,  I.  652,  2  b ;  798,  1  c,  2  b. 
Parian  marble ,  XIII.  124,  2  a;  XI.  146,  1  be, 
2  b ;  I.  652,  2  ab. 

Parian  Marbles  :  see  Arundel,  I.  798,  1  c, 
2  b.  Referred  to,  652,  2  b. 

Parietine  [pa-ri'-e-tin],  coloring  principle,  X. 
411,  1  b. 

Parilline  [pa-ril'-lin],  an  extract  of  sarsa¬ 
parilla,  XIV.  635,  2  b. 

Parima  mountains  [pa-re'-ma],  Venezuela, 
XVI.  292,  2  a. 

Parini,  Giuseppe,  Italian  poet,  XIII.  76. 

Paris  [pa'-ris;  Fr.  pa-re],  capital  of  France, 
XIII.  76  (map,  78).  Area  at  different  dates, 
2  be.  Population,  2  c.  Divisions,  77,  1  c. 
Climate,  78,  1  a.  Geological  formation,  2  a. 
Fortifications,  79,  1  a.  Number  of  thorough¬ 
fares  and  buildings,  1  be.  Boulevards,  1  c. 
Other  streets  and  open  spaces,  2  c.  Arc  de 
Triomphe  de  l’Etoile,  80,  2  c  (ill.,  81). 
Bridges,  81,  2  c  (ill.,  82).  Quais,  82,  1  b. 


Sewers,  1  c.  Water  works,  2  b  (see  Arte¬ 
sian  Wells,  I.  775,  2  a).  Intercommunica¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Buildings,  ib.  ;  Tuileries  and 
Louvre  before  1871  (ill.),  80  (see  Louvre, 
and  Tuileries)  ;  the  Bourse,  83,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
new  opera  house,  84,  1  b  (ill.).  Churches, 
ib.  ;  Notre  Dame,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  la  Sainte 
Chapelle,  2  b  (ill.,  85) ;  the  Madeleine,  85, 
2  a  (ill.).  Hotels,  2  b.  Public  charities, 
ib.  Prisons,  86,  1  b.  Education,  ib.  Li¬ 
braries,  2  b.  Museums,  87,  1  a.  Theatres 
and  opera  houses,  2  a.  Government,  2  b. 
Police,  2  c ;  659,  2  c.  Commerce,  indus¬ 
tries,  &c.,  88,  1  a.  Markets,  2  be.  History, 
89,  1  ab.  Siege,  92,  1  ab.  Fires  in,  V. 
169,  1  a;  237,  1  a. 

Paris ,  county  seats,  III.  155,  2  a;  VI.  403, 
1  be;  VIII.  640,  2  be ;  X.  118,  1  a;  XI. 
761,  1  b ;  XII.  760,  1  c. 

Paris,  Trojan  prince,  XIII.  93. 

Paris,  Alexis  Paulin,  French  author,  XIII.  93. 
Gaston,  94,  1  a. 

Paris,  J ohn  Ayrton,  English  physician,  XIII.  94. 
Paris,  Louis  Philippe  d’Orleans,  count  de, 
French  prince,  XIII.  94. 

Paris,  Matthew :  see  Matthew  Paris. 

Paris ,  congress  of:  see  Paris ,  treaty  of  (Index). 
Paris,  Plaster  of :  see  Gypsum. 

Paris ,  treaty  of  (1856),  XIV.  493,  2  a;  XII. 

260,  2  b;  II.  591,  1  c. 

Paris  basin ,  XIII.  78,  1  c ;  VII.  368,  1  b. 
Paris  green ,  XIII.  639,  2  c;  770,  2  ab. 

Parish,  XIII.  94.  See  Congregationalism,  V* 
243,  1  a. 

Parish,  Elijah,  American  author,  XIII.  94. 
Parisii ,  ancient  inhabitants  of  Paris,  XIII.  89, 

1  b.  City  (Paris),  1  c. 

Park,  XIII.  95.  Private  parks  in  England,  1  b 
(ill.,  Windsor  park :  see  Windsor).  Forma¬ 
tion  of  public  parks,  96,  1  be.  Places,  place 
parks,  and  parkways,  98,  1  c.  In  France, 

99,  2  a;  Fontainebleau,  1  b  (ills.);  Bois  de 
Boulogne,  100,  1  a  (map).  In  England,  101, 

2  b ;  Victoria  park,  2  c  (map),  103,  1  b  ;  Hyde 
park,  102,  1  c  (map);  Birkenhead  park,  103, 
2  a  (map).  On  continent  of  Europe,  104,  1  a. 
In  North  America,  105,  1  a;  Central  park, 
New  York,  ib.  (map) ;  Prospect  park,  Brook¬ 
lyn,  106,  2  b  (map,  107);  Fairmount  park, 
Philadelphia,  106,  2  c;  others,  107,  1  c. — 
National  parks :  see  Wyoming  (territory),  and 
Yosemite.  Natural  parks  of  Colorado,  V. 

100,  2  be;  XIII.  108,  1  c;  XIV.  380,  1  c. 
Park,  county,  XIII.  108. 


PARK 


PARROTT 


579 


Park,  Edwards  Amasa,  American  theologian, 
XIII.  108. 

Park,  Mungo,  Scottish  traveller,  XIII.  108 ;  I. 

170,  2  c;  XII.  442,  1  c. 

Park  range ,  Rocky  mountains,  XI Y.  876,  2  be. 
Parke,  county,  XIII.  109. 

Parke ,  Sir  James:  see  Wensleydale  (Index). 
Parker,  county,  XIII.  109. 

Parker ,  lens  made  by,  III.  471,  2  b. 

Parker,  Matthew,  archbishop,  XIII.  109. 
Parker ,  Sir  Hyde  (1739-1807,  knighted  for  ser¬ 
vices  in  America),  admiral,  XII.  221,  1  c,  2  a. 
Parker,  Xathan,  American  clergyman,  XIII. 
110. 

Parker,  Peter,  American  physician  and  mis¬ 
sionary,  XIII.  110. 

Parker ,  Sir  Peter  (1723-1811),  admiral,  IY. 
317,  1  ab ;  XII.  6,  2  c. 

Parker,  Theodore,  American  clergyman,  XIII. 
110;  XYI.  202,  2  c. 

Parker,  Willard,  American  surgeon,  XIII.  111. 
Parker's  hot-oil  lamp ,  X.  129,  2  b. 
Parkersburg,  city  of  West  Yirginia,  XIII.  111. 
Parkman,  Francis,  American  author,  XIII. 
112;  XVI.  192,  2  be. 

Parley ,  Peter ,  nom  de  plume,  VIII.  102,  1  c. 
Parliament  [par'-la-ment],  XIII.  112.  British, 
2  a.  First  English,  VI.  608,  2  a,  621,  1  b; 
members  first,  privileged  from  arrest,  2  be. 
Prerogatives,  constitutional  precedent  for,  II. 
448,  2  b.  House  of  lords,  XIII.  113,  1  b. 
House  of  commons,  114,  2  a.  Scottish  and 
Irish  parliaments,  116,  2  c.  French  parlia¬ 
ments,  117,  1  a;  Y.  431,  1  a,  ff.,  432,  2  b. 
Parliament ,  long ,  IY.  280,  1  ab ;  YI.  613,  1  c. 

Its  dissolution,  2  b ;  Y.  506,  1  b. 
Parliamentary  Law  and  Privileges,  XIII. 
117.  In  England,  1  c:  see  Coke,  Y.  38,  2  a. 
Right  to  report  debates,  VII.  707,  2  b.  In 
the  United  States,  XIII.  118,  1  be. 
Parliamentary  reform ,  YI.  617,  2  ab,  619,  2  a; 
XIII.  115,  2  b,  ff. 

Parliamentum  indoctum ,  diabolicum ,  parlia¬ 
ments  so  called,  Y.  438,  1  c,  2  a. 

Parma ,  a  kind  of  shield,  XIY.  853,  2  b  (ill.). 
Parma,  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  120.  History, 
2  c.  Capital  city,  121,  1  c. 

Parma,  Alessandro  Farnese,  duke  of:  see  Far- 
nese,  YI.  87,  2  c. 

Parma ,  school  of  in  painting,  XII.  800,  1  a. 
Parmegiano  :  see  Parmigiano. 

Parmelia  parietina  (botany),  X.  411,  1  b. 
Parmenides  [par-men'-e-deez],  Grecian  philoso¬ 
pher,  XIII.  121.  See  Eleatio  ScnooL. 


Parmenio,  Macedonian  general,  XIII.  121. 
His  death,  122,  1  a;  I.  278,  1  a. 

Parmesan  cheese ,  IV.  352,  1  c. 

Parmigiano  [par-me-ja'-np],  Italian  painter, 
XIII.  122. 

Parmigianino :  see  Parmigiano. 

Parnahyba  [par-na-e'-ba],  river,  III.  220,  1  c. 

Parnassius  (entomology),  III.  498,  1  a.  P. 
Apollo,  ib.  (ill.). 

Parnassus,  mountain  of  Greece,  XIII.  122. 

Par'nell,  Sir  Henry  Brooke  :  see  Congleton. 

Parnell,  Thomas,  English  poet,  XIII.  122. 

Parny,  Rvariste  D6sir6  Desforges,  chevalier 
de,  French  poet,  XIII.  122. 

Paro  [pa'-ro],  river :  see  Beni. 

Paro ,  island  :  see  Paros. 

Paroi'des  penduli'nus  (ornithology),  XY.  775, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Parol  [par'-ul],  in  law,  XIII.  122.  See  Con¬ 
tract,  Evidence,  and  Frauds,  Statute  of. 

Par'oli ,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  c. 

Paroli,  Dr.,  Italian  author,  III.  142,  2  b. 

Paropam'isan  Mountains,  Asia,  XIII.  122. 

Paropamisus :  see  Paropamisan  Mountains. 

Paroquet  [par'-o-ket],  bird,  XIII.  123.  Crested 
paroquet,  1  c  (ill.) ;  nonpareil,  2  a ;  ground, 
ib. ;  Alexandrine,  2  b  (ill.).  Grass  paro¬ 
quets,  124,  1  a.  Lorikeets,  1  ab. 

Paros,  island  of  Greece,  XIII.  124.  Marble 
of :  see  Parian  marble  (Index). 

Parotia  sexpennis  (ornithology),  II.  651,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Parot'id  Gland  :  see  Salivary  Glands,  XIY. 
565,  2  c.  Referred  to,  I.  317,  2  b. 

Par'oican,  county  seat,  IX.  376,  2  b. 

Parquet  [par-ka] :  see  Stock  Exchange,  XY. 
389,  1  a. 

Parr,  young  salmon,  XIY.  568,  1  c  (ill.). 

Parr,  Catharine  :  see  Catharine  Parr. 

Parr,  Samuel,  English  author,  XIII.  124. 

Parr,  Thomas,  centenarian,  XIII.  125. 

Parra  (ornithology),  IX.  480,  1  c.  P.  jacana, 
2  ab  (ill.),  &c. 

Parrakeet :  see  Paroquet. 

Parr  aqua  guans,  birds,  VIII.  278,  2  ab. 

Parrhasius  [par-ra'-ze-us],  Greek  painter,  XIII. 
125  ;  XII.  794,  2  b,  be.  See  Zeuxis. 

Parrot,  bird,  XIII.  125.  Carolina  parrot,  2  o 
(ill.,  126).  Gray  parrot,  126,  2  b  (ill.) ;  green, 
2  be ;  festive,  2  c.  Love  birds,  127,  1  a. 

Parrot,  Johann  Jakob  Friedrich  Wilhelm, 
German  physician,  XIII.  127. 

Parrot  Fish,  XIII.  127  (ill.). 

Parrott,  Robert  Parker,  American  inventor, 


580 


PARRY 


PASSAIC 


XIII.  127.  System  of  rifled  guns,  128,  1  a ; 
I.  796,  1  c  (ill.).  (Died  1877.) 

Parry,  Sir  William  Edward,  English  naviga¬ 
tor,  XIII.  128.  See  Arctic  Discovery,  I. 
670,  1  a-2  ab ;  671,  1  a-2  ab,  2  c-672,  1  be. 
Parry's  group,  of  islands,  III.  67,  2  ab. 

Parry  Sound  :  see  Melville  Sound. 

Parry  Sound,  district  in  Canada,  XIII.  129. 
Parsees',  XIII.  129  ;  III.  22,  2  b  ;  IX.  216, 1  b. 
Language  of,  348,  1  a ;  XIII.  324,  2  b.  Re¬ 
ligious  tenets  and  history  :  see  Zend-Avesta, 
and  Zoroaster. 

Parsley,  plant,  XIII.  129  (ill.).  Parsley  worm, 

130,  1  c.  Fool’s  parsley,  2  a. 

Parsnip,  plant,  XIII.  130  (ill.). 

Parson  bird :  see  Poe  Bird,  XIII.  635,  1  c. 
Parsons,  city  of  Kansas,  XIII.  131. 

Parsons ,  Robert :  see  Persons,  Robert. 
Parsons,  Theophilus,  American  jurist,  XIII. 

131.  Theophilus  (2d),  jurist,  2  c. 

Parsons,  Thomas  William,  poet,  XIII.  132. 

“  Parsons'  cause,"  in  Virginia,  VIII.  662,  1  b. 
Parsonstown,  Ireland,  XIII.  132. 

Parted,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  be,  672,  1  a. 
Parterebenthene,  polymeric  oil,  XVI.  78,  1  ab. 
Parthenogenesis,  XIII.  132. 

Parthenon  :  see  Athens,  II.  62,  1  a,  2  c  (ill., 
63).  Referred  to,  XI.  598,  1  a. 
Partiien'ope,  in  mythology,  XIII.  134. 
Parthenope' an  republic,  IX.  451,  1  ab.  Origin 
of  the  name*  XIII.  134,  1  c  (Parthenope)  ; 
XII.  142,  1  c.  Referred  to,  III.  765,  2  b 
(Caraccioli),  and  XII.  221,  1  ab  (Nelson). 
Parthia,  ancient  country  of  Asia,  XIII.  134. 

Parthians,  2  ab.  Kingdom,  2  c. 

Parting,  in  comb  manufacture,  V.  133,  2  c. 
Partition,  in  law,  XIII.  137. 

Partnership,  in  law,  XIII.  137 ;  IX.  672,  1  c. 
Partnership,  Limited,  XIII.  141. 

Parton,  James,  American  author,  XIII.  141. 

Sara  Payson  Willis,  author,  2  a. 

Partridge,  bird,  XIII.  141.  Common  or  gray 
partridge,  142,  1  c  (ill.).  Guernsey  or  red- 
legged  partridge,  2  b  (ill.).  Greek  or  rock 
partridge,  143,  1  a;  sanguine,  ib.  Other 
birds  called  partridges,  141,  2  c ;  VIII.  271, 
2  c ;  XIV.  126,  2  a. 

Partridge,  Alden,  American  soldier,  XIII.  143. 
Partridge  Berry,  plant,  XIII.  143  (ill.). 
Partridge  Wtood,  XIII.  143. 

Parturition:  see  Obstetrics,  XII.  568,  2  b, 
569,  2  b. 

Party  in  interest ,  real,  VII.  22,  2  ab  (Ex¬ 
change,  Bill  of). 


Party  per  pale,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  be; 

672,  1  a.  (See  plate.) 

Party  Wall,  in  law,  XIII.  144. 

Parus  atricapillus  (ornithology),  II.  676,  2  ab. 
P.  Carolinensis,  2  be. 

Pdrvati  [par'-va-te],  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  228, 2  ab. 
Parys  copper  mines,  Wales,  I.  426,  1  a;  V. 
318,  1  c. 

Parys' atis,  queen  of  Persia,  V.  688,  1  c. 
Pasar'gad^e,  ancient  city  of  Persia,  XIII.  144. 
Pascagou'la,  river  of  Mississippi,  XIII.  144. 
Pascal,  Blaise,  French  author,  XIII.  144. 
Referred  to,  90,  2  c.  Famous  theorem  in 
geometry,  VII.  701,  2  b.  Arithmetical  ma¬ 
chine,  III.  569,  1  b.  Experiments  on  at¬ 
mospheric  pressure,  II.  326,  1  a.  “Pro¬ 
vincial  Letters”  of,  XIII.  145,  2  a:  see  Ar- 
nauld,  I.  755,  1  c. — Jacqueline  Blaise,  XIII. 

146,  1  ab. 

Pasch  [pask],  in  the  Greek  church,  VIII.  101, 

1  b.  Pasch  of  the  crucifixion,  ib.  The  sor¬ 
rowful  pasch,  ib.  See  Easter,  VI.  373,  2  be. 
Pasch  eggs,  374,  2  ab. 

Pasch,  Joachim  [pash],  first  deaf-mute  teacher 
in  Germany,  V.  732,  1  c. 

Paschal  II.,  pope,  XIII.  146. 

“  Paschal  letters of  patriarchs  and  metropoli¬ 
tans,  VI.  686,  1  c. 

Pas-de-Calais  [pa-duh-ka-la],  department  of 
France,  XIII.  146. 

Pasewa  [pa-sa'-wa],  juice  of  opium,  XII.  647, 2  c. 
Pasha  [pa-sha'],  Turkish  officer,  XIII.  146. 

Pasha  of  three  tails,  2  b ;  XVI.  396,  2  ab. 
Pashalic :  see  Turkey,  XVI.  59,  1  c. 

Pasht:  seeBuBASTis.  Referredto,XII.116,2  a. 
Pasiphae  [pa-sif-a-e] :  see  Minos,  XI.  614, 1  a. 
PaskevTtch,  Ivan  Fedorovitch,  prince  of  War^ 
saw,  Russian  soldier,  XIII.  146. 

Pasquier,  Etienne  [pas-kya],  French  author, 
XIII.  147. 

Pasquier,  Etienne  Denis,  duke,  statesman,  XIII. 

147.  Duke  Gaston  d’Audiffret-Pasquier,  2  c. 
Pas'quin,  statue,  XIII.  148.  Pasquin,  tailor,  1  a. 
Pasquinade',  libel,  XIII.  148,  1  ab. 

Pasquino  [pas-kwe'-no] :  see  Pasquin. 
Pas'quotank,  county,  XIII.  148.  River,  1  c; 

VI.  135,  2  be. 

“  Pass,"  to  try  for,  at  Oxford,  XII.  766,  1  b. 
Passage  of  arms :  see  Tournament,  XV.  824, 

2  b,  and  IV.  497,  2  ab. 

Passaglia,  Carlo  [pas-sa'-lya],  Italian  theolo¬ 
gian,  XIII.  148. 

Passa'ic,  county,  XIII.  148. 

Passaic,  river  of  New  Jersey,  XIII.  148. 


PASSAMAQUODDIES 


PATRICK 


581 


Passamaquoddies  :  see  Penobscots  and  Pas- 
samaquoddies,  and  I.  20,  1  a. 
Passamaquoddy  Bay,  XIII.  149. 
Passamaquoddy  river :  see  Saint  Croix,  river. 
Passaroyitz  [pas-sa'-ro-vits],  town  of  Servia, 
XIII.  149.  Peace  of,  1  ab ;  IY.  298,  1  b. 
Passau  [pas'-sow],  town  of  Bavaria,  XIII.  149. 

Peace  of,  1  c;  IY.  296,  1  c. 

Passavant,  Johann  David  [pas-sa-vang'],  Ger¬ 
man  art  historian,  XIII.  149. 

Passenger  Pigeon,  XIII.  149  (ill.). 

Passer  (ornithology),  XY.  230,  1  b;  YII.  191, 
2  b.  P.  domesticus,  XY.  230,  1  be  (ill.). 
Passiflo'ra  (botany),  XIII.  150,  1  a.  Native 
species,  2  b.  Exotic  species,  151,  1  c;  P. 
caerulea,  ib.  (ill:),  &c.  See  Granadilla. 
Passing  under  the  yoke,  by  a  defeated  army, 
IY.  136,  2  be. 

“  Passion,  master  of  the :  ”  see  Mecheln,  XI. 
330,  1  be. 

Passion  docJc,  for  herb  puddings  on  Good  Fri¬ 
day,  YIII.  101,  2  b. 

Passion  Flower,  XIII.  150.  Flowers,  1  b  (ill., 
longitudinal  section).  Fruit,  2  a  (ill.).  Na¬ 
tive  species,  2  b.  Blue  passion  flower,  151, 
1  c  (ill.).  Edible,  &c.,  2  a,  tf.  Cultivation,  2  c. 
Passionists,  religious  order,  XIII.  152;  XI. 
730,  2  c. 

Passion  Plays  see  Miracles  and  Moralities, 
and  Ober-Ammergau.  Of  Persia,  XIII.  320, 
1  a. 

Passion  Sunday,  X.  344,  2  a. 

Passion  Week  :  see  Holy  Week. 

Passover,  Jewish  festival,  XIII.  152. 

Passow,  Franz  Ludwig  Karl  Friedrich  [pas'-so], 
German  philologist,  XIII.  152. 

Passport,  official  document,  XIII.  152. 

Passy,  artesian  well  at,  I.  775,  2  b. 

Pasta,  Giuditta,  Italian  singer,  XIII.  153. 
Paste,  hard ,  for  porcelain,  XIII.  778,  2  b  ;  783, 

1  c.  Soft,  778,  2  b ;  784,  2  a;  791,  2  b. 
Pastel:  see  Woad,  XYI.  693,  2  b. 

Pasteur,  Louis  [pas-tur],  French  chemist,  XIII. 

153.  His  theory  of  fermentation,  YII.  144, 

2  a,  ff. ;  X.  415,  2  c.  Experiments  on  spon¬ 
taneous  generation,  XY.  283,  2  c. 

Paste  worm,  XYI.  338,  2  c. 

Pastille  :  see  Perfume,  XIII.  290,  1  c. 
Pastina’ca  hasta'ta  (ichthyology),  XIY.  222, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Pastinaca  sati'va  (botany),  XIII.  130,  2  a  (ill.). 
Pastor  (ornithology),  XY.  323,  1  ab. 

Pastorela  or  pastoreta ,  in  Provengal  literature, 
XIY.  40,  2  a. 


Pastoureaux,  revolt  of  [pas-too-ro],  referred  to, 
II.  694,  2  ab. 

Patagonia,  territory  of  South  America,  XIII. 
153.  Coasts,  154, 1  a.  Surface,  1  be.  Riv¬ 
ers,  2  be.  Geology,  155,  1  a.  Minerals,  2  a. 
Climate,  2  ab.  Flora,  2  b.  Agriculture,  156, 

1  a.  Fauna,  ib.  Population,  1  be.  Religion, 

2  b.  History,  2  c.  Colonies,  157,  1  ab. 
Patapsco,  river  of  Maryland,  XIII.  157. 
Patavini  [pa-ta-ve'-ne],  Catharists,  IY.  115,  2  c. 
Patavium ,  ancient  city,  XII.  785,  1  be. 
Patchouli  [pa-choo'-le],  perfume,  XIII.  157. 

Plant,  2  ab  (ill.).  Essence  de  patchouly, 
158,  1  a. 

Pate  de  Foie  Gras  [pa-ta  duh  fwa  gra],  XIII. 
158. 

Patella,  knee-pan,  XIII.  158  ;  XY.  639,  2  a. 
Patella  (mollusca),  X.  486,  2  b  (ill.);  Y.  201, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Patent  fuel,  Y.  68,  1  c. 

Patent  leather,  X.  276,  1  a. 

Patents,  Law  of,  XIII.  158.  By  whom  ob¬ 
tainable,  2  c.  What  may  be  patented,  159, 1  b. 
How  letters  patent  may  be  obtained,  160, 
2  ab.  Term  of,  161,  2  b.  Infringement  of, 
2  c.  Foreign  patent  systems,  162,  2  a. 
Pater'culus,  Caius  Yelleius,  Roman  historian, 
XIII.  164. 

Paterini  [pa-ta-re'-ne],  Catharists,  I Y.  115,2  c. 
Pat'erson,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XIII.  164. 
Paterson,  William,  founder  of  the  bank  of 
England,  and  of  the  Darien  colony,  XIII. 
165.  See  Bank,  II.  274,  1  b,  and  Darien, 
Colony  of. 

Pathology,  medical,  XIII.  483,  2  be. 

Pat’ina:  see  Finds,  YII.  196,  1  a. 

Patio  process,  of  silver  refining,  XY.  51,  1  a. 
Patkul,  Johann  Reinhold  [pat'-kool],  Livonian 
patriot,  XIII.  165  ;  IY.  304,  1  be,  305,  1  b. 
Patmore,  Coventry  Kearsey  Dighton,  English 
poet,  XIII.  166. 

Patmos,  Greek  island,  XIII.  166. 

Patna,  division  of  Bengal,  XIII.  166.  District, 
1  c.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Pat'on,  Andrew  Archibald,  English  author, 
XIII.  166. 

Paton,  Sir  Joseph  Noel,  painter,  XIII.  166. 
Patrce :  see  Patras. 

Patras',  seaport  of  Greece,  XIII.  166  (view). 
Pa'tres  conscripti,  Roman  senate,  XIY.  764, 1  b. 
Patres  ecclesiee :  see  Church,  Fathers  of  the. 
Patriarch,  title,  XIII.  167;  I.  646,  1  b. 
Patricians,  Roman,  XIII.  167. 

Patrick,  county,  XIII.  168. 


582 


PATRICK 


PAUXI 


Patrick,  Saint,  apostle  of  Ireland,  XIII.  168 ; 
IX.  856,  1  c ;  XI.  729,  2  be.  See  Saint 
Patrick  (Index). 

Patrick,  Simon,  English  author,  XIII.  168. 

Patrick  Court  House,  county  seat,  XIII.  168, 1  c. 

Patripassians,  religious  sect,  XIII.  169.  See 
Noetians,  XII.  473,  1  b. 

Patristics ,  department  of  theological  study, 
IV.  567,  1  b. 

Patro'clus,  Greek  legendary  hero,  XIII.  169; 
I.  64,  2  c. 

Patrology  :  see  Patristics  (Index). 

Patron,  Roman,  XIII.  169.  In  canon  law,  2  be. 

Patroon ',  land  proprietor,  I.  570,  1  c.  “  The 
Patroon:  ”  see  Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen. 

Pattawapura :  see  Mandelay. 

Pattern  piece,  in  numismatics,  XII.  535,  2  b. 

Patterson ,  Miss  Elizabeth  (Mme.  Patterson,  or 
Mrs.  Patterson-Bonaparte),  first  wife  of  Je¬ 
rome  Bonaparte,  III.  26,  2  c ;  27, 1  c ;  28, 1  ab. 

Patterson ,  P.  H.,  on  the  origin  of  metallic 
money,  XI.  737,  1  c. 

Patteson,  John  Coleridge,  missionary  bishop, 
XIII.  169. 

Patti,  Adelina  Maria  Clorinda  (Marquise  de 
Caux),  singer,  XIII.  170.  Carlotta,  singer,  1  c. 

Pattison,  Robert  Everett,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  educator,  XIII.  170. 

Patty-pan :  see  Squash,  XY.  293,  2  a. 

Patu'mus ,  ruined  city,  II.  483,  1  b. 

Patuxent,  river  of  Maryland,  XIII.  170. 

Pau  [po],  town  of  France,  XIII.  170.  Castle 
of,  2  c  (ill.,  171). 

Paul,  name  of  five  popes,  XIII.  171.  III., 
Alessandro  Farnese,  1  b;  VII.  87,  2  b.  IV., 
Giovanni  Pietro  Caraffa,  XIII.  171,  1  c.  V., 
Camillo  Borghese,  172,  1  a;  III.  93,  2  b. 

Paul,  Father:  see  Sarpi,  Paolo. 

Paul  I.,  Petrovitch,  emperor  of  Russia,  XIII. 
172.  Assassination  of,  2  b  ;  I.  281,  la;  II. 
531,  2  c. 

Paul,  Regular  Clerks  of  St. :  see  Barnabites. 

Paul,  Saint,  apostle,  XIII.  172.  Epistles  of, 
175,  1  a.  See  Saint  Paul  (Index). 

Paul,  Vincent  de  [Fr.  vang-sang  duh  pole],  saint, 
XIII.  175;  X.  241,  1  c;  XI.  731,  1  a.  His 
labors  for  the  improvement  of  idiots,  IX. 
170,  2  b. 

Paul  of  the  Cross ,  Saint :  see  Passionists, 
XIII.  152,  1  b,  2  a. 

Paul  the  Hermit ,  Saint ,  I.  467,  1  b ;  XI.  728, 
2  b  (Paul  of  Thebes). 

Paul  of  Samosata,  heresiarch,  XIII.  176. 

Paul  of  Thebes :  see  Paul  the  Hermit  (Index). 


Paula,  St.  Francis  of :  see  Francis  of  Paula, 

Paulcon  :  see  Constantin  Faulcon. 

Paulding-,  two  counties,  XIII.  176. 

Paulding ,  county  seats,  IX.  571,  1  b;  XIII. 
176,  2  b. 

Paulding,  Hiram,  American  naval  officer,  XIII. 
176. 

Paulding,  James  Kirke,  author,  XIII.  177. 

Paulding ,  John ,  patriot,  I.  483,  1  a. 

Pauli,  Georg  Reinhold  [pow'-le],  German  his¬ 
torian,  XIII.  177. 

Paulianists ,  religious  sect,  XIII.  176,  2  a. 

Paulicians,  religious  sect,  XIII.  177 ;  VIII. 
54,  2  c. 

Pauli'nus:  see  Eudocia,  VI.  771,  1  a. 

Paulinus,  Pontius  Mesopius  Anicius,  Saint, 
XIII.  178.  Saint,  bishop  of  Treves,  2  a. 
Saint,  first  archbishop  of  York,  2  ab.  Saint, 
patriarch  of  Aquileia,  2  b. 

Paulists,  religious  society,  XIII.  178;  VIII. 
602,  1  c ;  XI.  732,  1  b. 

Paulownia,  tree,  XIII.  179  (ill.). 

Paulus,  Heinrich  Eberliard  Gottlob  [pow'- 
loos],  German  theologian,  XIII.  179.  On 
miracles,  XI.  625,  2  a. 

Pau'lus,  Lucius  HSmilius,  Roman  general,  XIII. 
179. 

Paulus  HSgine'ta,  Greek  physician,  XIII.  180. 

Paulus  Jovius:  see  Giovio,  Paolo. 

Paul  Veronese:  see  Cagliari,  Paolo. 

Paumotou  Islands  :  see  Low  Archipelago. 

Paunaques  [po-nak] :  see  Bonnacks. 

Paunch :  see  Ruminantia,  XIV.  467,  2  c. 

Pauper ,  in  distinction  from  vagrant,  XVI.  241, 
1  be. 

Pauperism,  XIII.  180.  History  of  the  modern 
poor  laws,  2  be;  in  Great  Britain,  181,  1  a; 
in  France,  182,  2  a;  in  other  European 
countries,  183,  2  a.  British  poor-law  statis¬ 
tics,  184,  1  b.  Relative  amount  of  pauper¬ 
ism,  2  c.  Proportion  of  paupers  to  popula¬ 
tion,  185,  2  c.  Indoor  and  outdoor  relief, 
186,  1  c.  Pauperism  in  the  United  States, 
188,  1  b. 

Pausanias,  Spartan  general,  XIII.  190. 

Pausanias,  Greek  topographer,  XIII.  190. 
See  Athens,  II.  59,  1  a. 

Pausias,  Greek  painter,  XIII.  190. 

Pauthier,  Jean  Pierre  Guillaume  [po-tya], 
French  sinologue,  XIII.  190. 

Pauw,  Cornelis  de  [d6h  pow],  Dutch  histo¬ 
rian,  XIII.  191. 

Pauwels,  Ferdinand,  Belgian  painter,  XIII.  191. 

Pauxi  (ornithology),  V.  579,  2  be.  P.  galeata, 


PAVEMENT 


PEA 


583 


580,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  mitu,  2  c  (ill.).  P.  tomen- 
tosa,  ib. 

Pavement,  XIII.  191.  Ancient  pavements, 
2  a;  modern,  192, 1  be.  Nicolson  pavement, 
2  a;  ashlar,  &c.,  2  b;  broken  stone,  193, 
1  ab ;  asphalt,  1  b ;  tessellated,  XV.  753,  1  a. 
Pavia  [pa-ve'-a],  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  194. 
Capital  city,  1  b  (ill.).  University,  2  b. 
Council  of  Pavia,  referred  to,  XV.  31,  2  be. 
Pavie,  Theodore  Marie  [pa-ve],  French  orien¬ 
talist,  XIII.  195. 

Pavilion,  of  the  diamond,  VI.  75,  1  b. 

Pavilion  [pa-ve-yong],  of  the  French  horn,  VIII. 
818,  1  b. 

Pavo  (ornithology),  XIII.  208,  2  a.  P.  crista- 
tus,  209,  1  a  (ill.,  208). 

Pavy,  Louis  Antoine  Augustin  [pa-ve],  French 
theologian,  XIII.  195. 

Pawcatuck '  river,  XIV.  291,  2  c. 

Pawn,  an  article  in  pledge,  XIII.  175. 
Pawnbroker,  XIII.  197.  Pawnbrokers’  sign,  1  c. 
Pawnee',  two  counties,  XIII.  197. 

Paicnee  City ,  county  seat,  XIII.  197,  2  a. 
Pawnees,  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  197. 

Pawpaw,  shrub,  XV.  645,  1  a.  See  Papaw. 
Pawpaw,  county  seat,  XVI.  253,  2  b. 
Pawtucket,  town  of  Rhode  Island,  XIII.  198. 

River,  XIV.  291,  2  be. 

Pawtuxet  river ,  XIV.  291,  2  c. 

Pax,  ecclesiastical  tablet,  XIII.  198.  Giving 
the  pax,  2  b. 

Pax  Augusta,  ancient  town,  II.  208,  2  b. 

Pax  Clementina :  see  Peace  of  the  church 
(Index). 

Paxton,  county  seat,  VII.  315,  1  ab. 

Paxton,  Sir  Joseph,  English  horticulturist, 

XIII.  198. 

Paxton  boys,  lawless  organization,  II.  625, 1  b  ; 
V.  221,  2  a. 

Payen,  Anselme  [pa-yang],  French  chemist, 
XIII.  199.  Experiments  in  regard  to  fer¬ 
mentation,  VII.  147,  2  a. 

Payment,  in  law,  XIII.  199.  For  honor,  so 
styled,  XIV.  32,  1  a.  See  Negotiable  Pa¬ 
per,  and  Wager. 

Payne,  John  Howard,  American  dramatist, 
XIII.  201. 

Pays  Pas  [pa-o  ba] :  see  Netherlands. 

Pays  (VOuche  [doosh],  district,  II.  576,  2  b. 
Pays  de  Vaud:  see  Vaud. 

Payson,  Edward,  American  clergyman,  XIII. 

201. 

Paz,  Juan  Blanco  de  [path] :  see  Avellaneda, 
Alonso  Fernando  de,  II.  159,  2  be. 


Pa-Zend:  see  Zend-Avesta,  XVI.  811,  1  ab. 

Language,  IX.  348,  1  a. 

Pazzi,  Conspiracy  of  the  [pat'-se] :  see  Medici, 
XI.  343,  2  be,  and  XV.  73,  2  c. 

Pea,  XIII.  201.  Garden  pea,  2  a  (ills.);  class¬ 
es  and  varieties  of,  202,  1  be ;  cultivation  of, 
2  c;  enemies  of,  203,  1  ab.  Cow  pea,  1  be. 
Chick  pea,  1  c.  Other  kinds,  2  a. 

Pea  bannocks,  XIII.  203,  1  a. 

Peabody,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XIII.  203. 
Peabody,  Andrew  Preston,  American  clergy, 
man,  XIII.  204.  • 

Peabody,  Miss  Elizabeth  P.  (Elizabeth  Palmer, 
born  1804,  teacher  and  bookseller  in  Boston), 
works  by,  II.  513,  2  a;  IX.  274,  2  ab. 
Peabody,  George,  merchant  and  philanthro¬ 
pist,  XIII.  204.  Peabody  institute,  in  Pea¬ 
body,  1  be,  203,  2  c ;  in  Baltimore,  II.  255, 

1  c.  Peabody  academy  of  science,  in  Salem, 
XIV.  562,  2  a.  Tenements  in  London  erect¬ 
ed  by  him,  X.  603,  2  b. 

Peabody,  William  Bourn  Oliver,  clergyman, 
XIII.  204.  Oliver  William  Bourn,  2  b. 

Pea  bug :  see  Pea  weevil  (Index). 

Peace,  prince  of  the :  see  Godoy,  VIII.  62,  2  a. 
Peace,  treaty  of:  see  Law  of  Nations,  X.  228,2  c. 
Peace  of  the  church ,  so  styled,  IV.  663,  1  b ; 

IX.  528,  1  a;  X.  631,  1  b. 

Peace  of  Clement  IX. :  see  Peace  of  the  church 
(Index). 

Peace  convention,  of  1861,  XVI.  89,  2  b.  See 
Confederate  States,  V.  226,  1  a. 

Peace  jubilee,  in  Boston,  III.  128,  1  c. 

Peace  River,  British  America,  XIII.  204. 
Peace  society,  American,  X.  89,  1  a. 

Peach,  fruit  tree,  XIII.  204  (ill.,  205).  Botan¬ 
ical  description,  205,  2  a  (ills.).  Varieties 
of  fruit,  206,  2  a.  Where  produced,  2  be. 
Cultivation,  207,  1  a.  Canning,  &c.,  2  a. 
Cultivation  under  glass,  2  be.  Diseases,  &c., 

2  c.  Ornamental  varieties,  208,  1  be.  Sa¬ 
cred  fruit  of  Horus,  IX.  6,  2  ab. 

Peach  black,  X.  132,  1  be. 

Peach  borer ,  XIII.  208,  1  a ;  VIII.  533,  2  b. 
Peach  wood :  see  Brazil  Wood,  III.  233,  1  a. 
Peacock,  bird,  XIII.  208.  Common  peacock, 
209, 1  a  (ill.,  208).  Thibet  peacock,  1  c  (ill.). 
Peacock,  the,  cruises  of,  XVI.  463,  2  ab. 
Peacock  “ in  his  pride'1'1  (heraldry),  VIII.  673, 
1  c.  (See  plate.) 

Peacock,  Thomas  Love,  English  author,  XIII. 
209. 

Peacock  throne ,  at  Delhi,  V.  780,  1  a. 
Peafowl:  see  Guinea  Fowl,  VIII.  313,  1  c. 


584 


PEAK 


PEELERS 


Peak,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Peak  and  chop ,  in  pugilism,  XI Y.  76,  2  b. 
Peale,  Charles  Wilson,  American  painter, 
XIII.  209.  Rembrandt,  painter,  210,  1  a. 
Pean ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  ab. 

Peanut,  leguminous  plant,  XIII.  210  (ill.). 
Peak,  fruit  tree,  XIII.  211  (ill.).  Number  and 
production  of  varieties,  2  a.  Age,  2  c.  Cul¬ 
tivation,  212,  1  b.  Enemies,  2  a.  Classifi¬ 
cation  and  kinds,  2  b  (ills.).  Treatment  of 
fruit,  213,  1  b.  Perry,  1  c. 

Peakce,  Zachary,  English  prelate,  XIII.  213. 
Pearisburg,  county  seat,  VII.  809,  2  c. 

Pearl,  gem,  XIII.  213.  Pearl  fisheries,  214, 

1  b.  Mother  of  pearl,  2  b.  Artificial  pearls, 

2  be.  Pearls  from  mussels,  XII.  104,  1  ab. 
Pearl,  county,  XIII.  214. 

Pearlash  :  see  Potash,  XIII.  757,  2  c,  758, 1  a. 
Pearl  oyster ,  XII.  773,  2  a;  XIII.  214,  1  a. 
Pearl  River,  XIII.  214. 

Pearl  stone :  see  Rocks,  XIV.  370,  2  b. 
Pearl-white ,  a  salt  and  cosmetic,  II.  667,  1  b. 
Pearly  everlasting ,  plant,  IX.  196,  2  c. 

Pearly  Nautilus  :  see  Nautilus,  XII.  175, 
2  b  (ill.),  176,  1  a. 

Pearson,  John,  English  bishop,  XIII.  215. 
Peasants ,  king  of  the  (Casimir  III.),  IV.  56, 
2  c;  XIII.  645,  1  b. 

Peasants’  War,  XIII.  215;  VII.  753,  2  c; 
XII.  48,  1  a.  See  Luther,  X.  727,  2  c,  and 
Berlichingen,  II.  562,  2  be. 

Pease:  see  Pea,  XIII.  201,  2  a. 

Pease,  Calvin,  American  clergyman,  XIII.  217. 
Peat,  XIII.  217.  Distribution,  1  b.  Qualities, 

1  c.  Constituents,  2  b ;  of  peat  and  coal 
ashes,  II.  5, 1  c-2  a.  ITse  as  a  fertilizer,  XIII. 

218,  1  a;  as  fuel,  1  be,  220,  2  b.  Prepa¬ 
ration  by  hand,  2  a  (ills.) ;  by  machinery, 

219,  1  be  (ill.,  Leavitt’s  peat  machine).  Peat 
charcoal,  220, 1  c.  Peat  gas,  2  a ;  VII.  639, 

2  ab. 

Peat  marsh  of  Montoire,  II.  778,  2  c. 

Peat  moss :  see  Mosses,  XI.  865,  2  c  (ill.). 

Pea  weevil ,  XIII.  203, 1  ab ;  XVI.  536, 1  ab  (ill.). 
Pecan,  tree,  XIII.  220  (ill.,  221). 

Peccary,  animal,  XIII.  221 ;  II.  764,  1  be. 
Collared  peccary,  XIII.  221,  2  a  (ill.) ;  white- 
lipped,  2  c. 

Pecca'tor :  see  Isidore  Mercator. 

Pecht,  Friedrich  [pecht],  German  painter,  XIII. 

222. 

Peck,  George,  American  clergyman,  XIII.  222. 

Jesse  Truesdell,  clergyman,  1  b. 

Peck,  John  Mason,  clergyman,  XIII.  222. 


Pec' ora:  see  Ruminantia,  XIV.  467,  1  b. 
Pecos  [pa'-koce],  county,  XIII.  222. 

Pecos ,  river,  XIV.  341,  2  c. 

Pecquet,  Jean  [pa-ka],  French  anatomist,  XIII. 

222.  Reservoir  of  Pecquet,  223,  1  a. 

Pecten  (conchology),  XIV.  661,  2  ab.  P.  con- 
centricus,  2  b.  P.  Islandicus,  2  c  (ill.,  662). 
P.  pallium,  &c.,  662,  1  a. 

Pecten ,  of  a  bird’s  eye,  VII.  47,  2  c;  V.  179, 
2  be  (P.  plicatuin). 

Pectin ,  fruit  jelly,  XVI.  22,  2  ab. 
Pectinibranchiata  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  b. 
Pecunia ,  pecuniary ,  origin  of  the  terms,  XI. 
736,  1  be. 

Ped'als ,  in  the  organ,  XII.  688,  2  b,  689,  1  b ; 
pedal  stops,  688,  2  c.  In  the  piano,  XIII. 
491,  2  b;  tone-sustaining  pedal,  493,  2  a. 
Expression  of  pedals,  and  stop :  see  Reed 
Instruments,  XIV.  244,  1  a. 

Pedastrium  tetras  (botany),  VI.  43,  2  be  (ill.). 

P.  biradiatum,  2  c  (ill.). 

Peddlers'1  French ,  XV.  85,  2  b  (Slang). 

Pedee', Great,  river  of  South  Carolina,  XIII.223. 
Pedicel ,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  584,  2  a;  585,  2  b. 
Pedic'ulus  (epizoa),  VI.  695,  2  c.  P.  capitis, 
ib.  (ill.,  696).  P.  vestimenti,  696,  1  b.  P. 
tabescentium,  1  c. 

Pediment ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  b,- 
Ionic,  657,  2  b. 

Pedom'etek  :  see  Odometer. 

Pedrdo  [pa-drowug'J,  pile  of  stones,  III.  637, 
1  b,  c. 

Pedrigal ',  a  rock  formation,  V.  102,  1  c. 
Pedrini  [pa-dre'-ne],  Lazarist  missionary,  X. 
242,  1  c. 

Pe'dro  I.  [Port,  pa'-dro],  emperor  of  Brazil,  IV. 

as  king  of  Portugal,  XIII.  223.  See  Miguel. 
Pedro  II.,  emperor  of  Brazil,  XIII.  223.  See 
Brazil,  III.  232,  1  ab. 

Pedro  the  Cruel  [Sp.  pa'-ZAro],  king  of  Cas¬ 
tile  and  Leon,  XIII.  223 ;  II.  694,  1  c. 

Pedro,  Dom,  duke  of  Coimbra,  regent  of  Por¬ 
tugal,  XIII.  224. 

Pedro  III.,  of  Aragon,  XI.  208,  2  a. 

Pedrotti,  Carlo,  Italian  composer,  XIII.  224. 
Peebles,  town  of  Scotland,  XIII.  224,  1  be. 
Peeblesshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XIII.  224. 
Peekskill,  village  of  New  York,  XIII.  224. 
Peel,  county  of  Canada,  XIII.  224. 

Peel,  Sir  Robert,  English  manufacturer,  XIII. 
224.  Sir  Robert,  statesman,  2  b.  Sir  Rob¬ 
ert  (3d),  225,  2  a.  Frederick,  ib. 

Peele,  George,  dramatist,  XIII.  225. 

“  Peelers nickname,  XIII.  224,  2  c. 


PEEL  ISLAND 


PELOPIUM 


585 


Peel  island ,  III.  67,  2  be  (Bonin  Islands). 

j Peep,  bird,  XIV.  599,  2  c  (ill.). 

Peeper ,  fish,  X.  556,  1  be. 

Peeping  Tom :  see  Coventry,  V.  438,  2  a. 

Peer,  XIII.  225.  Peeress,  226,  1  a.  See  Par¬ 
liament,  113,  1  b,  ff. 

Peerage,  benefit  of,  II.  521,  1  c.  See  Peer. 

Peerysville,  county  seat,  X.  780,  2  a. 

Peet,  Harvey  Prindle,  instructor  of  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  XIII.  226.  Isaac,  1  c. 

Peeters  [pa'-terce] :  see  Peters,  Bonaventura. 

Peet-ieeet ,  bird,  XV.  583,  2  c. 

Peg'asus,  in  mythology,  XIII.  226. 

Pegasus  (ichthyology),  X.  635,  1  c. 

Pegging  machine,  for  shoes,  XIV.  875,  2  a. 

Pegu',  division  of  British  Burmah,  XIII.  226. 
Town,  2  c. 

Pehlevi  Language  [pa-la-ve']  :  see  Iranic 
Races  and  Languages,  IX.  347,  2  c,  and 
Zend-Avesta,  XVI.  810,  1  c. 

Pehtsik ,  Indians,  X.  22,  1  b. 

Pei-ho  [pa-ho'],  river  of  China,  XIII.  226. 

Peine  Forte  et  Dure  [pain  fort  a  dure],  mode 
of  torture,  XIII.  227. 

Peinture  mate  [pang-tiir  mat],  a  method  of 
painting,  XVI.  617,  2  be. 

Peipus,  Lake  [peh'-e-poos],  Russia,  XIII.  227. 

Peirce,  Benjamin  [peerce  or  puree],  American 
mathematician,  XIII.  228.  See  Mathemat¬ 
ics,  XI.  274,  1  be,  275,  1  ab. 

Peirce,  Bradford  Kinney,  clergyman,  XIII.  228. 

Peishwa  [paish'-wa],  title  of  a  Mahratta  chief, 
XI.  26,  2  c. 

PeJcan',  animal,  VII.  223,  1  b. 

Pe'kin,  city  of  Illinois,  XIII.  228. 

Pekin,  China :  see  Peking. 

Peking',  capital  of  China,  XIII.  229.  Western 
gate  (ill.).  Divisions,  2  a.  Kin-ching,  2  b. 
Hwang-ching,  230,  1  be.  Tartar  city  (Nui- 
ching),  2  be ;  temple  of  heaven,  231, 1  c  (ill.). 
Chinese  city  (Wai-ching),  2  a.  Climate^ 
232,  1  b.  Industries,  1  be.  Government, 
1  c.  “  Peking  Gazette,”  2  a.  Environs,  2  b. 
Summer  palace,  2  c;  destruction  of,  ib.,  and 
IV.  463,  1  c.  History,  XIII.  233,  1  a. 

Pekoe :  see  Tea,  XV.  600,  2  a. 

Pela,  Chinese  wax,  XVI.  515,  2  be. 

Pelagia :  see  Isis. 

Pelagianism :  see  Pelagius. 

Pelagius,  sectary,  XIII.  234 ;  XI.  729,  2  be. 

Pelagius :  see  Pelayo  (Index). 

Pelagius  (zoology),  XIV.  732,  2  be.  P.  mona- 
chus,  2  c. 

Pelagonia ,  diocese  in  Turkey,  Xl/734,  2  a. 


Pelagonius,  his  Latin  translation  of  the  Bible 
referred  to,  X.  200,  1  b. 

PeVagus  Scyth'icum  :  see  Baltic  Sea. 

PeVamys  sarda  (ichthyology),  III.  68,  2  a.  P. 
Chiliensis,  ib. 

Pelargonium:  see  Geranium,  VII.  732,  1  b. 
P.  inquinans,  2  c  (ill.).  P.  zonale,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pelasgians,  early  race,  XIII.  234.  Monu¬ 
ments,  235,  1  b ;  I.  653,  1  a.  Pelasgic  ele¬ 
ment  in  Greek  civilization,  VIII.  207,  1  ab, 
b,  be;  in  Latin,  X.  186,  2  c.  Pelasgic  na¬ 
tions  referred  to,  X.  406,  2  b. 

Pelayo  [pa-la'-yo] :  see  Asturias,  II.  48,  1  a. 

Pelecanoi'des  (ornithology),  XIII.  366,  1  a. 

Peleca'nus  (ornithology),  XIII.  235,  2  b.  P. 
onocrotalus,  236,  1  a  (ill.).  P.  crispus,  2  a. 
P.  trachyrhynchus  (erythrorhynchus),  2  b 
(ill.).  P.  fuscus,  237,  1  a  (ill.). 

Peleiades  [pe-le-l'-a-deez]  :  see  Achilles,  I. 
64,  2  a. 

Peleus  [pe'-luce],  father  of  Achilles,  I.  64,  2  a. 

Pelew  Islands,  N.  Pacific  ocean,  XIII.  235. 

Pelham  :  see  Newcastle,  or  Newcastle- 
under-Lyme. 

Pel'ican,  bird,  XIII.  235.  White,  236,  1  a 
(ill.) ;  American  white,  2  b  (ill.) ;  brown, 
237,  1  a  (ill.). 

Pelican  “  in  her  piety ,”  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 
1  c.  (See  plate.) 

Pelides  [pe-li'-deez] :  see  Achilles,  I.  64,  2  a. 

Pelig'ni,  ancient  people  of  Italy,  XIII.  237. 

Peligot  [puh-le-go],  (Eugene  Melchior,  born 
1812,  professor  of  chemistry  and  mint  as- 
sayer),  on  alcohols  (with  Dumas),  I.  265,  2  b. 

Pelion,  mountain  range  of  Thessaly,  XIII.  238. 

Pelissier,  Amable  Jean  Jacques  [pa-le-se-a], 
marshal  of  France  and  duke  of  Malakoff, 
XIII.  238 ;  I.  306,  2  b,  c. 

Pellegrini ,  Pellegrino  [pel-la-gre'-ne] :  see  Ti- 
baldi,  Pellegrino. 

Pellegrino,  Monte,  Palermo,  XII.  821,  2  a. 

Pellet ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Pelletan,  Pierre  Clement  Eugene  [pel-tang], 
French  author,  XIII.  238. 

Pelletier,  Laurent  Joseph  [pel-te-a],  painter, 
XIII.  238. 

Pellew,  Edward :  see  Exmouth. 

Pellico,  Silvio,  Italian  patriot  and  author, 
XIII.  238. 

Pells,  clerkship  of  the,  XIII.  553,  1  a. 

Pelobius :  see  Bathybius,  II.  391,  1  b. 

Pelce’mia :  see  Murrain,  XII.  60,  1  ab. 

Pelop'idas,  Theban  general,  XIII.  239. 

Pelopium,  supposed  metal,  XI.  419,  2  be. 


586 


PELOPONNESIAN 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Peloponnesian  war ,  VIII.  191,  2  b,  ff.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  V.  354,  1  a. 

Peloponnesus,  peninsula  of  Greece,  XIII.  239. 

Pe'lops,  in  Grecian  mythology,  XIII.  240. 

Pelouze,  Th6ophile  Jules  [puh-looz],  French 
chemist,  XIII.  240. 

Pelta,  a  shield,  XIV.  853,  2  b  (ill.). 

Peltastce ,  Greek  troops,  XIV.  853,  2  b ;  IX. 
343,  1  b ;  I.  738,  2  c,  740,  1  b. 

Pelusiac  arm  of  the  Pile,  XII.  452, 1  a.  Traces 
of,  II.  483,  1  ab  (Pelusian). 

Pelvis,  in  anatomy,  XIII.  240.  Male  pelvis, 
242,  1  a  (ill.,  241)  ;  female,  ib.  (ill.,  241) ;  of 
monkey,  242,  1  b  (ill.).  Ossa  innominata, 
240,  2  c  (ill.,  241).  Cavity  of,  242, 1  c;  XII. 
568,  2  c. 

Pembekton,  John  C.,  American  soldier,  XIII. 
242. 

Pembina  [pem'-be-na],  two  counties,  XIII.  242. 

Pembina ,  county  seat,  XIII.  242,  2  b. 

Pembroke ,  county  seat,  XIV.  270,  2  c. 

Pembroke,  borough  of  Wales,  XIII.  242. 

Pembroke ,  Countess  of:  see  Sidney,  Sir  Philip, 
XV.  25,  2  b. 

Pembroke,  Earl  of :  see  Herbert,  William. 

Pembrokeshire,  county  of  Wales,  XIII.  242. 

Pemigewasset  river  [pem-e-je-wos'-set],  New 
Hampshire,  XII.  292,  2  c. 

Pem'iscot,  county,  XIII.  243. 

Pemmican,  preserved  meat,  XIII.  243. 

Pen,  instrument  for  writing,  XIII.  243  (ills.). 

Pen ,  female  swan,  XV.  500,  2  a. 

PeSafort,  or  Pefiaforte  [pa-nya-fore'-ta] :  see 
Pennafort. 

Penalties  and  forfeitures ,  relief  from  in  chan¬ 
cery,  IV.  258,  2  be. 

Penance,  in  the  church,  XIII.  244. 

Penang',  island,  strait  of  Malacca,  XIII.  245. 
Penang  lawyers,  a  kind  of  cane,  21,  1  a. 

Penates  [pe-na'-teez],  Roman  divinities,  XIII. 
245  ;  VII.  63,  2  b. 

Pencil,  XIII.  245.  Lead  pencil,  2  c.  Hair,  ib. : 
see  Brush,  III.  366,  2  c. 

Pendennis  castle,  VII.  76,  2  c. 

Penden'te  li'te,  in  law,  I.  319,  2  a. 

Penden'tives,  in  architecture,  I.  661,  2  a,  c. 

Pendleton,  two  counties,  XIII.  246. 

Pendleton,  county  seat,  XVI.  107,  2  a. 

Pendleton,  Edmund,  statesman,  XIII.  246. 

Pends  d’Oreilles  [Fr.  pang  do-ray’] :  see  Kalis- 
pels. 

Pendulum  :  see  Clocks  and  Watches,  IV.  696, 
2  c,  ff.,  and  Mechanics,  XI.  317,  2  a,  324, 
2  a,  ff.  (ills.).  As  a  motor,  IV.  700,  2  ab. 


Of  a  watch,  2  c.  Isochronism  of  its  vibra¬ 
tions  discovered,  VII.  566,  2  ab.  Use  of  in 
measuring  gravity,  VIII.  176,  1  c.  Value 
of  the  seconds  pendulum  at  different  places, 
2  c.  Use  of  in  determining  the  density  of 
the  earth,  VI.  357,  1  a ;  for  determining  its 
rotary  motion  (Foucault’s  experiment),  358, 
2  c.  Invention  of  the  pendulum  clock,  IX. 
97,  2  b. 

Pendulum,  Horizontal,  XIII.  246  (ills.,  247). 
Penelope  [pe-nel'-o-pe],  (ornithology)  :  see 
Guan,  VIII.  278,  1  b.  P.  cristata,  1  c  (ill.). 
Penelope,  wife  of  Ulysses,  XIII.  248. 

Penestce,  Thessalian  serfs,  XV.  702,  2  be. 
Pene'us,  river,  XV.  702,  2  a ;  X.  171,  1  c. 
Penguin,  bird,  XIII.  248.  King  penguin,  2  c 
(ill.).  Crested  penguin,  249,  2  a-  (ill.).  Cape 
or  jackass  penguin,  2  be  (ill.).  Magellanic 
penguin,  2  c. 

Penha  convent  [pa'-nya],  Portugal,  IV.  602, 

1  a  (ill.). 

Penicillium  (botany),  VII.  532,  2  a ;  529,  2  a. 
P.  crustaceum,  as  a  ferment,  143,  2  be,  145, 

2  b  (ills.).  P.  glaucum,  XVI.  359,  2  c. 
Penikese  Island  :  see  Elizabeth  Islands,  VI. 

537,  2  b.  Anderson  school  of  natural  his¬ 
tory,  ib.  (Discontinued  after  1874.) 
Peninsular  war,  the ,  III.  43,  1  b ;  XI.  262, 
1  be ;  XV.  213,  2  be ;  XVI.  548,  2  c. 
Penitential,  the :  see  Penance,  XIII.  245, 1  a. 
Penitentiary ,  house  of  correction,  XIV.  12, 1  c. 
Penn,  Granville,  English  author,  XIII.  250. 
Penn,  Sir  William,  admiral,  XIII.  250. 

Penn,  William,  founder  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII. 
250 ;  XVI.  151,  2  ab.  Provision  for  public 
schools,  XIII.  267,  2  b.  Attack  on  the  fa¬ 
natics  Muggleton  and  Reeve,  XII.  27,  1  a. 
His  views  of  the  Trinity,  VII.  496,  1  b. 
Pennacooks  :  see  Massachusetts  Indians,  and 
I.  19,  2  c. 

Pennafort,  Raymond  de,  Saint,  XIII.  253. 
Pennant,  Thomas,  English  naturalist,  XIII. 253. 
Pennant’s  Marten  :  see  Fisher,  VII.  223,  1  b. 
Pennatula'cea,  XIII.  689,  2  a  (Polyp). 
Pennoncel,  a  small  flag,  IV.  496,  2  c. 
Pennsylvania,  state,  XIII.  254.  State  seal 
(ill.).  Population,  2  c.  Topography,  255, 

1  c.  Hydrography,  2  a,  c.  Geology  and 
minerals,  256,  1  b.  Soil,  257,  2  be.  Flora, 

2  c.  Climate,  258,  1  ab.  Agriculture,  1  be. 
Mineral  products,  259,  1  a.  Manufactures, 
2  c.  Commerce,  261,  1  a.  Railroads  and 
canals,  ib.  Banks,  &c.,  263,  1  c.  Govern¬ 
ment,  264,  1  a.  Finances,  265,  1  a.  Public 


PENNSYLVANIA 


PERCEVAL 


587 


institutions,  2  c.  Education,  267,  2  b.  Li¬ 
braries,  newspapers,  &c.,  270,  1  a.  Re¬ 
ligious  organizations,  1  b.  History,  2  a ; 
XVI.  151,  2  ab.  Confederate  invasion  in 
1863:  see  Gettysburg,  Battle  of;  raid  in 
1864:  see  Chambersburg.  See  Penn,  Wil¬ 
liam,  XIII.  251,  2  a.  Origin  of  name,  ib. 

Pennsylvania ,  university  of,  XIII.  401, 1  be  (ill.). 

Pennsylvania  bank,  establishment  of,  XII.  792, 
1  b. 

Pennsylvania  castle,  referred  to,  XIII.  730, 1  c. 

Pennsylvania  Dutch,  dialect,  XIV.  227,  2  c. 

Penny,  coin,  XIII.  271. 

Penny ,  measure  of  nails,  XII.  125,  2  c. 

Penny  dog,  fish,  XIV.  828,  1  c. 

Penny  universities ,  coffee  houses  so  called,  X. 
607,  2  b. 

Penn  Yan,  village  of  New  York,  XIII.  271. 

Pennyroyal,  species  of  mint,  XIII.  271. 
American  pennyroyal,  2  c  (ill.,  272). 

Penob'scot,  river  of  Maine,  XIII.  272. 

Penobscot,  county,  XIII.  272. 

Penobscots  and  Passamaquoddies,  Indians, 
XIII.  272  ;  I.  20,  1  a.  See  Eteohemins. 

Pensacola,  city  of  Florida,  XIII.  272. 

Pensacola  Bay,  XIII.  273. 

Pension,  XIII.  274.  Pensions  in  the  United 
States,  1  ab ;  in  Great  Britain,  275,  1  a ;  in 
France,  2  b  ;  in  other  countries,  2  c. 

Pensionary,  Grand,  officer  of  the  Dutch  re¬ 
public,  XIII.  276  ;  XII.  249,  1  b. 

Pentac'rinite,  referred  to,  VI.  593,  1  a,  2  a. 

Pentacrinus  caput-medusa}  (zoology),  V.  491, 
1  c ;  VI.  593,  2  a. 

Pentap'olis,  Cyrenaic,  V.  617,  2  a;  Dorian, 
VI.  216,  1  a;  Italian,  XIII.  41,  1  c ;  Syra¬ 
cusan,  XV.  541,  2  ab. 

Pentas'tomum  (epizoa),  VI.  694,  2  b. 

Pentateuch  [pen'-ta-tuke],  division  of  the  Old 
Testament,  XIII.  276.  Hebrew  text:  see 
Samaritans,  XIV.  590,  1  b. 

Pentat'oma  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  2  a.  P. 
griseum,  ib. 

Pentecost,  religious  festival,  XIII.  276. 

Pentheus  [pen'-thuce],  legendary,  IV.  614, 1  c; 
II.  193,  2  a. 

Pentlandite,  ore  of  nickel,  XII.  432,  1  a. 

Penumbra :  see  Sun,  XV.  471,  2  c. 

Penza,  government  of  Russia,  XIII.  277.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  1  b. 

Penzance',  seaport  of  England,  XIII.  277. 

Pe'on  [Sp.  pa-oan'],  laborer,  XIII.  277. 

Peony :  soe  P^eony. 

“  People'' s  charter see  Chartism. 


Peoria,  county,  XIII.  277. 

Peoria,  city  of  Illinois,  XIII.  277. 

Peorias,  Indian  tribe,  IX.  180,  2  c ;  181,  1  c. 
Peperino  [pa-pa-re'-no],  volcanic  rock,  XIV. 
410,  1  c. 

Pe'pin,  county,  XIII.  278. 

Pep'in  of  Heristal  (the  Fat),  duke  of  the 
Franks,  XIII.  278.  Origin  of  his  surname, 
X.  417,  1  a.  Pepin  the  Short,  first  Carlo- 
vingian  king,  XIII.  278,  1  c ;  III.  793,  2  b. 
Pepin  I.,  king  of  Aquitania,  XIII.  278.  Pepin 
II.,  279,  1  a. 

Pep'lus  of  Athena  Polias,  XIII.  34,  2  a. 

Pepo,  kind  of  fruit,  XIII.  591,  1  ab. 

Pepoli,  Carlo  [pa'-po-le],  Italian  author,  XIII. 
279. 

Pepoli,  Gioachino,  marquis,  Italian  statesman, 
XIII.  279. 

Pepper,  plant  and  fruit,  XIII.  279  (ill.).  Long 
pepper,  280,  2  a.  False  pepper,  tree,  281, 1  b. 
Pepper  coast,  of  Africa,  X.  57,  1  ab. 

Pepperell,  Sir  William,  American  general, 
XIII.  280. 

Pepperellboro' :  see  Saco,  XIV.  510,  2  c. 
Pepperer,  dealer  in  spices,  XIII.  280,  1  a. 
Pepper  Grass,  plant,  XIII.  280. 

Pepperidge  :  see  Black  Gum,  II.  679,  1  c. 
Peppermint  :  see  Mint,  XI.  615,  1  b. 
Peppermint,  tree,  XVI.  345,  1  a. 

Pepper  Tree,  XIII.  281  (ill.). 

Pepsin,  digestive  substance,  XIII.  281 ;  VI. 

105,  1  c.  Pepsines,  XIII.  281,  2  b. 

Pepsin  wine,  XIII.  281,  2  be. 

Peptones,  VI.  106,  1  b ;  IV.  349,  2  be ;  XIV. 
31,  1  c. 

Pepusch,  Johann  Christoph  [pa'-poosli],  Ger¬ 
man  composer,  XIII.  282. 

Pepuzia'ni ,  a  sect,  XI.  775,  1  ab  (Montanists). 
Pep'ys,  Charles  Christopher :  see  Cotteniiam. 
Pepys,  Samuel,  English  author,  XIII.  282. 
Pepysian  library,  XIII.  282,  2  b. 

Pequods :  see  Pequots. 

Pequots,  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  282  ;  XI.  701, 1  a. 
Pequot  war :  see  Pequots,  and  XI.  242,  1  b ; 
VIII.  489,  1  ab. 

Pera  [pa'-ra] :  see  Constantinople,  V.  277, 1  a. 
Peracyon  [per-as'-e-on],  (zoology),  XV.  731, 
2  b.  P.  Harrissii,  732,  1  a. 

Per^'a,  division  of  Palestine,  XIII.  283  ;  8, 1  b. 
Peram'bulator :  see  Odometer. 

Perame'les  (zoblogy)  :  see  Bandicoot. 

Perea  (ichthyology),  XIII.  283,  2  b.  P.  flaves- 
cens,  2  c.  P.  fluviatilis,  ib. 

Perceval,  Caussin  de  :  see  Caussin. 


588 


PERCEVAL 


PERIOSTEUM 


Perceval,  Spencer,  English  statesman,  XIII. 

283. 

Perch,  fish,  XIII.  283.  Fresh-water  perch, 
2  b.  Sea  perches,  284,  1  a.  Salt-water 
perch,  1  b  (ill.).  Red,  VIII.  368,  1  b.  Pond, 
III.  239,  2  c.  River,  II.  368,  2  a.  White,  ib. 
Perch ,  of  the  deer,  V.  756,  2  b. 

Perciie,  Le  [luh  pairsh],  ancient  division  of 
France,  XIII.  284. 

Percheron  [pair-shrong],  draught  horse,  XIII. 

284,  2  a. 

Perchta  [pairkh'-ta],  XII.  120,  2  a.  See  Hertha. 
Per'cidce  (ichthyology),  XIII.  283,  2  a. 

Percival ,  Sir,  legendary  knight,  VIII.  136,  1  a. 
Percival,  James  Gates,  American  poet,  XIII. 
284. 

Percival, Thomas,  English  physician,  XIII.284. 
Percussion,  in  medicine :  see  Auscultation, 
II.  126,  1  ab. 

Percussion ,  in  reed  organ,  XIV.  243,  1  a. 
Percussion  Cap  :  see  Explosives,  VII.  39,1c; 
XIII.  762,  1  a. 

Percussion  loch ,  introduction  of,  I.  750,  2  a. 
Percussion  table ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  424,  1  c. 
Percy,  English  historical  family,  XIII.  285. 
Percy,  Thomas,  bishop,  XIII.  286. 

Perdic'cas,  Macedonian  general,  XIII.  286. 
Perdicidce  [per-dis'-e-de],  (ornithology),  XIII. 
141,  2  c. 

Perdici'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  141,  2  c. 
Perdido  [per-de'-do],  river  and  bay,  XIII.  286. 
Perdix  (ornithology),  XIII.  142,  1  a ;  VIII. 

272,  2  b.  P.  cinerea,  XIII.  142,  1  c  (ill.). 
Perdix ,  alleged  inventor  of  the  saw,  XIV.  651, 
1  b. 

Pere  Duchesne  [pair  dii-shain] :  see  Hubert, 
Jacques  Ren6. 

Pere  Hyacinthe :  see  Loyson,  Charles. 
Peregrine  Falcon  [per'-e-grin] :  see  Falcon, 
VII.  67,  2  a  (ill.). 

Pereira,  Jacob  Rodriguez  [pa-ra'-ra],  Spanish 
deaf-mute  instructor,  XIII.  286  ;  V.  733,  1  b. 
Pereira,  Jonathan,  English  pharmacologist, 
XIII.  286. 

Pereira  da  Silva,  Joao  Manoel,  Brazilian  his¬ 
torian,  XIII.  287. 

Pereira  de  Souza  :  see  Caldas  Pereira  de 
Souza. 

P&reire,  Emile  and  Isaac  [pa-rair],  French 
financiers,  XIII.  287. 

Perekop',  town  of  Russia,  XIII.  287. 

Pere  Marquette ,  county  seat,  XI.  240,  1  ab. 
Perennial  flax,  plant,  X.  514,  2  a. 
Perennibranchiate  (batrachians),  I.  436,  1  c. 


Peres  de  la  foi  [pair  dub  la  fwa],  IX.  632,  1  a. 
Perez,  Antonio  [pa'-raith],  Spanish  statesman, 
XIII.  287. 

Perfecti,  class  of  Catharists,  IV.  116,  2  a. 
Perfecting  machines,  in  printing,  XIII.  853,  2  a. 
Per'pume,  XIII.  288.  Perfumery,  1  a. 
Per'gamus,  or  Pergamum,  name  of  the  citadel 
of  Troy,  XIII.  290.  Ancient  city,  2  b.  Ruins 
of,  291,  1  b  (ill.) ;  II.  554,  2  a. 

Pergolesi  [pair-go-la'-ze],  or  Pergolese,  Gio¬ 
vanni  Battista,  Italian  composer,  XIII.  291. 
Pergusa,  lake  of,  IV.  90,  1  be. 

Peri  :  see  Fairies,  VII.  63,  1  b. 

Peri  [pa'-re],  Italian  composer,  XII.  89,  1  b ; 
90,  1  a. 

Peri,  fish,  VIII.  301,  2  c. 

Perian'der,  tyrant  of  Corinth,  XIII.  291. 
Perianth,  in  plants,  XIII.  586,  1  c. 
Pericarditis  :  see  Heart,  Diseases  of  the, 
VIII.  560,  2  b  ;  558,  1  a;  559, 1  b  ;  562,  2  a. 
Pericardium,  membrane,  VIII.  558,  1  a ;  559, 

1  b  ;  560,  2  b. 

Pericarp,  in  plants,  XIII.  590,  2  b. 

Periclase ,  mineral,  X.  851,  2  ab. 

Pericles  [p&r'-e-kleez],  Athenian  statesman, 
XIII.  292.  Age  of,  so  styled,  II.  66,  1  a. 
Pericles,  his  son,  II.  19,  2  b.  See  Aspasia. 
Periderme  [per'-e-derm],  of  bark,  II.  313,  2  c. 
Peridi'na ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  b. 
Peridium,  in  fungi,  VII.  529,  1  be. 

Peridot ,  scoria  (chrysolite),  I.  145,  1  a. 

Perier,  Casimir  [pair-ya],  French  statesman, 
XIII.  293.  Auguste  Casimir  Victor  Laurent 
(Casimir-Perier),  statesman,  2  b. 

Perier' s  experiments  on  atmospheric  pressure, 
II.  326,  1  b. 

Perigee  [per'-e-je],  in  astronomy,  XIII.  293. 
Pjerigord  [pa-re-gor],  ancien t  division  of  F ranee, 
XIII.  294. 

Perigueux  [pa-re-guh],  town,  XIII.  294. 
Perihelion,  in  astronomy,  XIII.  294. 

Perillus,  Athenian  artist,  XIII.  379,  2  c. 

Perim  [pa-reem'],  island,  Red  sea,  XIII.  294. 
Perine’ al  operation,  for  the  stone,  XV.  398,  2  b. 
Period  of  grace,  in  the  inquisition,  IX.  294,  1  c. 
Periodical  Literature,  XIII.  294.  In  France, 

2  a  ;  Great  Britain,  295, 1  a  ;  Germany,  296, 
2  b ;  Italy,  297,  1  b ;  Spain  and  Portugal, 
2  a  ;  Holland  and  Belgium,  2  c ;  Switzerland, 
298,  1  b  ;  Scandinavia,  ib. ;  Russia,  2  b;  Po¬ 
land,  Bohemia,  and  Hungary,  299,  1  b; 
Greece,  1  c ;  India,  2  a ;  United  States,  2  b. 

Perioe'ci,  Laconians,  XV.  231,  2  a,  b. 
Perios'teum  :  see  Bone,  III.  58,  2  ab,  60, 1  ab. 


PERIPATETIC 


PERSEUS 


589 


Peripatetic  Piulosopiiy  :  sec  Aristotle,  I. 

706,  1  b,  and  XIII.  438,  2  a. 

Peripatetic  school ,  in  Athens,  VIII.  214,  2  a. 
Peripatetics ,  school  of  philosophers,  X.  741,  2  a. 
Perip'loca  Grceca  (botany),  XI.  546,  2  b. 
Periplus  of  Hanno,  VIII.  444,  2  b. 
Peripneumonia :  see  Pneumonia. 

Perisoreus  Canadensis  (ornithology),  IX.  579, 2  c. 
Perisperm ,  of  plants,  XIII.  575,  2  c. 

Perissad ,  in  chemistry,  II.  89,  1  ab ;  IV.  371, 

1  be;  XI.  585,  1  b;  XII.  479,  1  b. 
Perissodactyl :  see  Perissodactyla  (Index). 
Perissodac'tyla  (zoology),  XII.  816,  1  b ;  I.  797, 

2  c;  XVI.  111,1  a. 

Peristeria  :  see  Holy  Spirit  Plant. 
Periihecia ,  in  fungi,  VII.  531,  2  be;  532,  1  b. 
Peritone'um,  membrane,  XIII.  302 ;  I.  462, 

1  c ;  15,  2  a.  Referred  to,  II.  686,  2  a,  b. 
Peritonitis,  disease,  XIII.  302.  Puerperal 

peritonitis,  XIV.  69,  1  be. 

Perivascular  cavities ,  of  the  brain,  IX.  307, 1  a. 
Periwig:  see  Wig. 

Periwinkle,  in  zoology,  XIII.  304  (ills.). 
Periwinkle,  in  botany,  XIII.  304.  Common, 

2  b  (ill.).  Madagascar,  305,  1  b  (ill.,  304). 
Perjury,  in  law,  XIII.  305. 

“  PerJcinismf  curative  system,  XIII.  306,  1  b. 
Perkins,  Elisha,  American  physician,  inventor 
of  the  metallic  tractors,  XIII.  306. 

Perkins,  George  Roberts,  mathematician,  XIII. 

306.  (Died  1876.) 

Perkins,  Jacob,  inventor,  XIII.  306.  See  En¬ 
graving,  VI.  653,  2  b,  654, 1  b.  His  trans¬ 
ferring  process,  653,  1  b. 

Perkins,  Justin,  missionary,  XIII.  306. 
Perkins,  Thomas  Handasyd,  merchant,  XIII. 

307. 

Perkins  institute  and  Massachusetts  asylum  for 
the  blind ,  III.  123,  2  b ;  XIII.  307,  1  be. 
Perm,  government  of  Russia,  XIII.  307.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  b. 

Permanganates :  see  Manganese,  XI.  103, 2  a,  c. 
Permessus ,  river  god,  I.  172,  2  b. 

Permiaks,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  206,  2  be. 
Permian  branch  of  the  Finns ,  VII.  206,  2  ab. 
Permian  rocks,  VII.  697,  1  b  ;  XII.  51,  2  a. 

“ Permissive  bill:'1'1  see  Total  Abstinence, 
XV.  819,  1  c. 

Permutation:  see  Combinations,  V.  135,  2  a. 
Pernambuco,  province  of  Brazil,  XIII.  307. 

Capital  city :  see  Recife. 

Pernambuco  wood ,  III.  232,  2  c. 

Pernau  [pair'-now],  town  of  Russia,  XIII.  308. 
Pernis  (ornithology),  X.  19,  2  c.  P.  apivorus,  ib. 


Peron,  Francois  [pa-r6ng],  French  traveller, 
XIII.  308. 

Peronne  [pa-riin],  town  of  France,  XIII.  308. 

Peronos'pora  (botany),  VIII.  164,  2  a.  P.  in- 
festans,  XIII.  771,  2  b.  P.  vicia3,  XI.  535, 1  a. 
P.  gangliformis,  1  b. 

Peroph'ora  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  be. 

Perouse,  La :  see  La  Perouse. 

Perpetual  league  of  the  eight  old  places  of  the 
confederacy ,  in  Swiss  history,  XV.  530, 1  ab. 

Perpetual  Motion,  XIII.  308.  Sketch  by 
Wilars  de  Honecourt,  2  a  (ill.).  Capra’s 
machine,  2  c  (ill.,  309). 

Perpignan  [pair-pe-nyang],  France,  XIII.  309. 

Perquim'ans,  county,  XIII.  309. 

Perraud,  Jean  Joseph  [pa-ro],  French  sculptor, 
XIII.  309.  (Died  1876.) 

Perkault,  Charles  [pa-ro],  author,  XIII.  310. 
Claude,  physician  and  architect,  1  b. 

Perrenot,  Antoine  [pair-no] :  see  Granvelle. 

Perretti,  Felice  (Pope  Sixtus  V.),  XV.  74,  1  b. 

Perriere  [pair-yair],  early  form  of  the  cannon, 
III.  706,  2  b. 

Perron  [pa-rong],  French  adventurer,  allusions 
to,  I.  314,  2  a,  ab;  191,  2  a. 

Perron,  Anquetil  du :  see  Anquetil-Duperron. 

Perrone,  Giovanni  [pair-ro'-na],  Italian  theolo¬ 
gian,  XIII.  310. 

Perroniana,  I.  448,  2  c  (Ana). 

Perrot,  Georges  [pa-ro],  French  archaeologist, 
XIII.  310. 

Perrotine,  calico  printing  machine,  III.  595, 2  be. 

Perry ,  a  kind  of  liquor,  XIII.  213,  1  c. 

Perry,  name  of  ten  counties,  XIII.  310. 

Perry ,  county  seats,  IX.  14,  2  ab ;  XV.  591,  2  b. 

Perry,  Arthur  Latham,  American  political 
economist,  XIII.  311 ;  677,  2  b. 

Perry,  Christopher  Baymond,  naval  officer, 
XIII.  312.  Oliver  Hazard,  commodore,  1  ab. 
Matthew  Calbraith,  commodore,  2  ab.  His 
expedition  to  Japan,  IX.  545,  1  c. 

Perry ville,  county  seats,  XIII.  311,  1  b,  2  c. 

Perryville,  battle  of,  III.  405,  2  c ;  IX.  805,  2  be. 

Persano,  Carlo  Pelion,  count  [pair-sa'-no], 
Italian  admiral,  XIII.  312. 

Persephone  [per-sef'-o-ne] :  see  Proserpine. 

Persep'olis,  ancient  capital  of  Persia,  XIII. 
312.  Euins,  313,  1  a  (ill.).  Destruction  of, 
referred  to,  XV.  681,  2  a.  Inscriptions  at: 
see  Cuneiform  Inscriptions,  V.  574,  2  b. 

Perserin :  see  Pkiskend. 

Perses :  see  Perseus,  king. 

Perseus  [per'-suce],  Grecian  legendary  hero, 
XIII.  314. 


590 


PERSEUS 


PETECHIAL 


Perseus,  last  king  of  Macedon,  XIII.  314. 

Persia,  country  of  Asia,  XIII.  314.  (Map.) 
Divisions,  2  a.  Topography,  2  be.  Coasts, 
315,  1  c.  Hydrography,  2  a.  Geology,  2  c. 
Minerals,  316,  1  b.  Climate,  1  c.  Flora, 
2  be.  Soil  and  agriculture,  317, 1  ab.  Fauna, 
2  a.  Population,  2  c.  Cities,  319,  1  b.  An¬ 
tiquities,  2  be.  Religion,  2  c.  Commerce 
and  manufactures,  320,  1  c.  Intercommuni¬ 
cation,  2  b.  Education,  2  c.  Government, 
321,  1  b.  History,  2  b.  See  Iranic  Races 
and  Languages. 

Persia,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XIII.  324. 
Literature,  326,  1  ab. 

Persian  Gulf,  XIII.  328. 

Persiani,  Fanny  [pair-se-a'-ne],  Italian  vocal¬ 
ist,  XIII.  328. 

Persian  Powder,  XIII.  328. 

Persian  war :  see  Greece,  VIII.  189,  1  c. 

Persica  vulgaris  (botany),  XIII.  204,  2  c. 

Persigny,  Jean  Gilbert  Victor  Fialin,  duke  de 
[pair-se-nye],  French  politician,  XIII.  328 ; 
III.  50,  2  a. 

Persimmon  :  see  Date  Plum,  V.  700, 1  b  (ill.). 

Persis,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  329. 

Persius  Flacous,  Aulus,  Roman  poet,  XIII. 
329 ;  X.  197,  1  a. 

Person,  county,  XIII.  329. 

Personal  Equation,  XIII.  329. 

Persons,  Robert,  English  theologian,  XIII.  330. 

Perspective  :  see  Drawing,  VI.  250,  2  c. 

Perspiration,  XIII.  331.  Perspiratory  glands, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Perth,  county,  XIII.  331. 

Perth ,  county  seat,  X.  133,  2  c. 

Perth,  city  of  Scotland,  XIII.  331  (view,  332). 

Perth,  city  of  Australia,  XIII.  332. 

Perth  Amboy',  city  of  Mew  Jersey,  XIII.  332. 

Perthes,  Friedrich  Christoph  [pair'-tess],  Ger¬ 
man  publisher,  XIII.  332.  Johann  Georg 
Justus,  333,  1  a.  Wilhelm,  ib.  Bernhard 
Wilhelm,  ib.  Justus  Perthes,  firm  of,  1  ab. 

Perthshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XIII.  333. 

Pertinax  (Helvius,  126-193,  general,  consul, 
and  prefect  of  Rome),  Roman  emperor 
(three  months),  XIV.  408,  1  ab. 

Perty,  Joseph  Anton  Maximilian  [pair'-te], 
German  naturalist,  XIII.  333. 

Peru',  city  of  Indiana,  XIII.  333. 

Peru,  city  of  Illinois,  XIII.  333. 

Peru  (Sp.  Peru ,  pa-roo'),  republic  of  South 
America,  XIII.  333.  Divisions  and  popula¬ 
tion,  334,  1  a.  Coast,  1  c.  Surface,  2  be. 
Rivers,  335,  2  c.  Geology  and  minerals, 


336,  1  c.  Climate,  337,  1  b.  Flora,  338, 

1  a.  Fauna,  2  b.  Inhabitants,  339,  1  a. 
Industries,  2  a.  Commerce,  2  b.  Inter¬ 
communication,  340, 1  c.  Government,  2  c. 
Finances,  341,  1  b.  Public  institutions, 
banks,  &c.,  1  be.  Education,  1  c.  Religion, 

2  a.  History,  ib.  Spanish  conquest,  342, 
2  b.  War  of  independence,  343,  2  be.  An¬ 
tiquities,  I.  398,  2  b  (ill.). 

Perugia  [pa-roo'-ja],  province  of  Italy,  XIII. 

344.  City,  345,  1  c  (view).  History,  2  a. 
Perugino,  Pietro  [pa-roo-je'-no],  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  XIII.  345. 

Perugio:  see  Bartoli,  Pietro  Santo. 

Perun  [pa-roon'],  Slavic  deity,  referred  to, 
XV.  104,  2  a. 

Perusia,  ancient  city  :  see  Perugia. 

Peruvian  Bark  :  see  Cinchona. 

Peruvian  current ,  XII.  781, 1  c.  Temperature 
of,  VII.  556,  2  be. 

Peruzzi,  Baldassare  da  Siena  [pa-root'-se],  Ital¬ 
ian  architect,  XIII.  346. 

Peruzzi,  Ubaldino,  statesman,  XIII.  346. 
Pervin,  a  liquid,  IV.  791,  1  a. 

Pesaro  [pa'-za-ro],  city  of  Italy,  XIII.  346. 
Pesaro  ed  Urbino,  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  346. 
Pescara  [pes-ka'-ra] :  see  Avalos. 

Peschel,  Oskar  Ferdinand  [pa'-shel],  German 
geographer,  XIII.  346. 

Peschieka  [pes-kya'-ra],  fortress  of  Italy,  XIII. 
346. 

Peshawer,  or  Peshawur  [pesh-ow'-er],  district 
of  India,  XIII.  346.  Capital,  2  c  (ill.,  347). 
Peshito  [pa-she'-to],  the  Syriac  version  of  the 
Bible,  XV.  548,  1  c. 

Pessehs ,  the ,  African  race,  X.  398,  2  b. 
Pestalozzi,  Johann  Heinrich  [pes-ta-lot'-se], 
Swiss  teacher,  XIII.  347.  His  system,  VI. 
414,  1  b ;  applied  to  arithmetic,  I.  708,  2  ab. 
Pesth  [pesht],  county  of  Hungary,  XIII.  348. 

Capital  city,  2  a.  See  Buda. 

Pesto ,  site  of  Psestum,  XII.  787,  2  b. 

Pet'als ,  of  plants,  XIII.  585,  1  a ;  586,  2  be. 
Pet'asus ,  kind  of  hat,  VIII.  509,  2  b. 

Petau,  Denis  [puh-to],  French  chronologist, 
XIII.  349. 

Petaurus  (zoology),  XIII.  379,  1  c.  P.  tagua- 
noides,  2  a  (ill.). 

Petavius :  see  Petau. 

Petchenegs,  early  race,  XIV.  489,  1  ab. 
Petcherskoi  monastery ,  Kiev,  IX.  830,  1  a  (ill.). 
Petcho'ra,  river  of  Russia,  XIII.  349. 

Petechice  [pe-te'-ke-e],  in  fever,  VII.  169,  1  a. 
Petechial  fever ,  VII.  166,  2  c. 


PETEX 


PETROLEUM 


591 


Peten  [pa-tain'],  district  of  Guatemala,  XIII. 

349.  Island,  2  c. 

Peter  I.,  the  Great,  emperor  of  Russia,  XIII. 

350.  Instructed  by  Boerhaave,  II.  775,  2  b. 
Referred  to,  XIY.  57,  2  a.  His  influence 
on  Russian  language  and  literature,  XIY. 
496,  2  c.  See  Saardam. 

Peter  IT,  emperor  of  Russia,  XIII.  351. 
Peter  III.,  emperor  of  Russia,  XIII.  351.  See 
Catharine  II. 

Peter,  or  Pedro,  several  monarchs  of  Castile, 
Portugal,  and  Brazil,  XIII.  351.  See  Pedro. 
Peter ,  Hugh :  see  Peters,  Hugh. 

Peter,  Saint,  apostle,  XIII.  351. 

Peter  of  Blois,  ecclesiastical  writer,  XIII.  353. 
Peter  Clayer  [kla-vair'J,  missionary,  XIII.  353. 
Peter  the  Hermit,  apostle  of  the  first  crusade, 
XIII.  353.  Referred  to,  361,  1  a.  See  Cru¬ 
sades,  Y.  528,  1  b,  2  b. 

Peterborough,  county  of  Canada,  XIII.  354. 
Town,  1  b. 

Peterborough,  city  of  England,  XIII.  354. 
Peterborough,  Charles  Mordaunt,  earl  of, 
British  soldier,  XIII.  354. 

Peterbote ,  mountain  of  Mauritius,  XI.  291, 1  be. 
Peter  of  Colechurch :  see  Bridge,  III.  271,  1  a. 
Peterhead,  town  of  Scotland,  XIII.  355. 
Peter  de  Leon ,  antipope  (Anacletus  II.),  I.  451, 
2  b ;  IX.  287,  2  a  (Pietro  di  Leone). 
Petebmann,  August  [pa'-ter-man],  German  ge¬ 
ographer,  XIII.  355. 

Petermann,  Julius  Heinrich,  orientalist,  XIII. 
355.  (Died  1876.) 

Peter  Martyr :  see  Anghiera,  and  Yermigli. 
Peter  pence  :  see  Peter’s  Pence  (Index). 

Peter  Pindar ,  pseudonyme,  XYI.  694,  2  c. 
Peter  Porcupine ,  pseudonyme,  IY.  768,  2  ab. 
Peters,  Bonaventura  [pa'-terce],  Flemish  paint¬ 
er,  XIII.  355. 

Peters,  Christian  August  Friedrich,  German 
astronomer,  XIII.  355. 

Peters,  Christian  Henry  Frederick,  astrono¬ 
mer,  XIII.  355.  "Wilhelm  Karl  Hartwig, 
naturalist,  356,  1  b. 

Peters,  Hugh,  English  clergyman,  XIII.  356. 
Peters,  John  Charles,  American  physician, 
XIII.  356. 

Peters,  Richard,  jurist,  XIII.  357. 

Peters,  Samuel  Andrew,  clergyman,  XIII.  357. 
Untrustworthiness  as  a  historian,  ib. ;  II. 
758,  2  c. 

Petersburg,  city  of  Yirginia,  XIII.  357. 
Petersburg ,  county  seat,  XI.  382,  1  b. 
Petersburg,  Siege  of,  XIII.  357  (plan,  359). 


Petersburgh,  county  seat,  XIII.  512,  1  a. 

Peterson,  county  seat,  IY.  651,  2  a. 

Peter’s  Pence,  papal  tax,  XIII.  360 ;  X.  346, 1  b. 

Peterwardein  [pa'-ter-var-dine],  fortress  of 
Hungary,  XIII.  360  (ill.). 

Petherick,  John,  English  traveller,  XIII.  361. 
(Died  1877.) 

Pethion  [pa-te-ong] :  see  Petion  de  Yilleneuye. 

Pet'igrtd,  James  Louis,  American  lawyer,  XIII. 
361.  . 

Petiole  [pet'-e-ole],  leaf  stalk,  X.  264, 1  c  ;  266, 

1  a. 

Petion  [pa-te-ong],  (Anne  Alexandre  Sabes), 
president  of  Hayti,  XIII.  361 ;  YIII.  552, 1  c. 

Petion  de  Yilleneuye,  Jer6me,  French  revo¬ 
lutionist,  XIII.  361. 

Petit  [puh-te],  (Alexis  Therese,  1791-1820, 
professor  of  physics  in  Paris),  YII.  570,  2  be 
(Dulong  and  Petit). 

Petit  grain  [graDg],  essence  of,  XII.  663,  2  b. 

Petition,  Right  of,  XIII.  362.  See  Adams, 
John  Quincy,  I.  105,  1  b,  and  Marshall, 
Thomas  Francis. 

Petition  of  right ,  against  arbitrary  acts  of 
Charles  I.,  IY.  279,  1  c;  YI.  623,  2  b;  II. 
522,  2  c;  Y.  151,  2  c. 

Petitio  principii,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  ab. 

Petitot,  Louis  Messidor  Lebon  [phh-te-to], 
French  sculptor,  XIII.  362. 

Petit-Thouars  :  see  Du  Petit-Thouars. 

Peto,  Sir  Samuel  Morton,  English  railway  con¬ 
tractor,  XIII.  362. 

Petofi,  Sand  or  [peh'-to-fe],  Hungarian  poet, 
XIII.  362. 

Petra,  ancient  city  of  Edom,  XIII.  362  (ill., 
363) ;  YI.  409,  1  b.  History  of :  see  Edom, 
and  Horites. 

Petr  area,  Petrarcha  [pa-trar'-ka] :  see  Pe¬ 
trarch. 

Petrarch,  Francesco  [pe'-trark],  Italian  poet, 
XIII.  363 ;  IX.  459,  1  c.  Referred  to,  XIY. 
325,  2  be  (Rienzi).  Reputed  portrait  of, 
YII.  550,  2  a.  His  friendship  for  Boccaccio, 
II.  768,  1  b. 

Petrarch,  the  Spanish,  YII.  618,  2  ab. 

Petrel,  bird,  XIII.  364.  Giant  petrel,  365, 
1  b.  Pintado  petrel,  1  c  (ill.).  Stormy  pe«- 
trel,  2  b  (ill.).  Others,  366,  1  a. 

Petrie,  George,  Irish  archaeologist,  XIII.  366. 

Petrifactions  :  see  Palaeontology.  So-called 
petrifaction  of  the  dead  body,  I.  118,  1  a. 

Petrobrussians  :  see  Bruys,  Peter  de. 

Petroc,  St.,  referred  to,  II.  773,  2  b. 

Petroleum,  XIII.  366  ;  IX.  811,  2  b;  II.  672, 


592 


PETROLEUM 


PHALARIS 


1  b.  Distribution,  XIII.  366,  2  c.  Origin, 
368,  2  ab.  Varieties,  369,  1  c.  Chemical 
composition,  2  c.  Wells,  370,  1  a;  method 
of  sinking,  I.  777,  2  be.  Wells  in  Burmah, 
III.  463,  2  a.  Uses,  XIII.  370,  1  c.  Use 
of  in  lighthouses,  X.  455,  2  a.  Petroleum 
gas,  VII.  639,  2  be. 

Peteoleum  Pboducts,  XIII.  370;  II.  544,  1  be. 
Petroline  [pet'-ro-lin],  paraffine,  XIII.  62,  1  b. 
Petrolucene ,  fluorescent  substance,  VII.  291, 1  be. 
Peteomy'zon:  see  Lampeey,  X.  132,  1  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  240,  1  b. 

Petronel ,  a  kind  of  musket,  XII.  100,  2  c. 
Peteonius  Aebitee,  Roman  poet,  XIII.  374. 
Peteopaylovsk',  town  of  Kamtchatka,  XIII. 

374.  Town  of  Siberia,  2  a. 

Petroseli'num  sati'vum  (botany),  XIII.  129,  2  b. 
Peteozayodsk',  town  of  Russia,  XIII.  374. 
Petrucci ,  Cardinal  [pa-troot'-che],  conspiracy 
of,  X.  348,  1  a. 

Petrus  Blesensis :  see  Petee  of  Blois. 

Petrus  of  Dacia,  almanac  of,  I.  341,  2  b. 
Petetts  Lombaedus  :  see  Lombaed,  Peter. 
Pettenkofee,  Max  Yon,  German  chemist,  XIII. 

374.  Experiments  on  gas  from  wood,  VII. 
639,  1  be. 

Pettee,  Anton,  painter,  XIII.  374. 

“  Petticoat  insurrection ,”  in  Mobile,  XI.  687, 2  a. 
Pettis,  county,  XIII.  374. 

Petteicii,  Ferdinand  [pet'-trich],  German  sculp¬ 
tor,  XIII.  375. 

Petty ,  Lord  Henry :  see  Lansdowne,  X.  155, 1  a. 
Petty ,  Sir  William  (1623-87,  inspector  general 
of  Ireland,  ancestor  of  the  marquis  of  Lans¬ 
downe),  on  political  economy,  XIII.  667, 1  a. 
Petun ,  petum  [pa-toon',  -toom'],  tobacco,  XIII. 

375,  1  a;  XV.  780,  1  a. 

Petun  Indians :  see  Wyandots. 

Petunia,  plant,  XIII.  375  (ills.). 

Petzholdt ,  examination  of  old  mortars  by,  IV. 
182,  1  b  (Cement). 

Peucce'a  (ornithology),  VII.  192,  2  be.  P.  sesti- 
Yalis,  ib. 

Peucee,  Kaspar  [poi'-tser],  German  reformer, 
XIII.  375. 

Peucetians ,  early  Italian  race,  IX.  439,  1  c. 
Peurbach,  Georg :  see  Puebach. 

Peutingee,  Konrad  [poi'-ting-er],  German  an¬ 
tiquary,  XIII.  376. 

Peutingeriana ,  tabula ,  map,  XIII.  376,  1  a. 
Pe'wee,  bird,  XIII.  376.  Common  pewee,  1  b 
(ill.).  Wood  pewee,  2  a  (ill.). 

Pewtee,  alloy,  XIII.  377 ;  I.  336,  1  c,  565, 

2  a ;  X.  263,  2  ab. 


Peyee,  Johann  Konrad  [pi'-er],  Swiss  anato¬ 
mist,  XIII.  377.  Peyer’s  glands,  or  Peyer’s 
patches,  1  c ;  VII.  836,  1  c ;  IX.  323,  2  be. 
Peyeonnet,  Charles  Ignace,  count  de  [pa-ruh- 
na],  French  statesman,  XIII.  377. 

Pezop'orus  (ornithology),  XIII.  123,  2  a. 
Pfafees  [pfa'-ferce],  Swiss  watering  place, 

XIII.  377. 

Pfaffe  vom  Kohlenberg ]  [pfaf'-f&h  fom  ka'-len- 
bairg],  humorous  priest,  IX.  732,  2  c. 
Pfalzbueg  [pfalts'-boorg],  town  of  Alsace- 
Lorraine,  XIII.  377. 

Pfalz-Zweibrucken  (Zweibrucken  Palatinate), 
line  of:  see  Zweibeucken,  XVI.  839,  2  c. 
PfefferJcorn ,  bigot  and  fanatic  :  see  Reuciilin, 

XIV.  280,  2  c;  VI.  693,  1  ab. 

P feffers  •’  see  Pfafees. 

Pfeiffer ,  Charlotte:  see  Bieoh-Pfeiffee. 
Pfeiffee,  Ida  [pfl'-fer],  German  traveller,  XIII. 
377 ;  II.  379,  2  be. 

Pfistee,  Albrecht,  printer,  XIII.  378. 
Pfoezheim  [pforts'-hime],  town  of  Baden,  XIII. 
378. 

Phacochce'rus  (zoology),  XVI.  465,  2  b.  P. 
iEliani,  2  c. 

Pii^ea'ces  :  see  Sciieeia. 

Piuedo,  or  Phaedon,  Greek  philosopher,  XIII. 
378  ;  437,  2  c. 

Ph^edea,  in  Greek  legends,  XIII.  378. 
Piuedeus,  Latin  fabulist,  XIII.  378. 

Phcedrus ,  dials  of,  VI.  68,  1  c. 

Ptia'ethon,  in  Greek  mythology,  XIII.  378. 
Phaeton  (ornithology),  XVI.  6,  2  c.  P.  sethe- 
reus,  7,  1  be  (ill.).  P.  phoenicurus,  1  c. 
Phaeton' idee  (ornithology),  XVI.  6,  2  c. 
Phagros ,  fish,  XIV.  723,  2  c. 

Phalcenites  [fa-le'-ne-teez],  (entomology),  XI. 
870,  1  a. 

Phalcenop'sis  amdb'ilis ,  orchid  (ilk),  XII.  673, 
2  be. 

P n al an'gee,  marsupial  mammal,  XIII.  378. 
Ursine  phalanger,  379,  1  ab;  vulpine,  1  b 
(ill.) ;  flying,  2  a  (ill.). 

Phalangista  (zoology),  XIII.  379,  1  a.  P.  ur- 
sina,  1  ab.  P.  vulpina,  1  b  (ill.). 
Phalangium  cornutum  (entom.),  XV.  266,  2  a, 
Phalangium  pomaridianum  (bot.),  XV.  1 38, 2  a. 
Phalangopsis maculata  (entom.), VIII.  170,  1  b. 
Phalanx ,  Athenian,  I.  738,  2  b  ;  Spartan,  739, 
2  c  ;  Macedonian,  740,  2  b  ;  Alexander’s,  2  c. 
Phal'aeis,  tyrant  of  Agrigentum,  XIII.  379. 
Epistles  of,  2  c ;  controversy  about,  II.  540, 
2  a-b,  93,  2  c ;  allusion  to,  III.  174,  1  be. 
Phalaris  Canariensis  (botany),  III.  692,  2  b. 


PHALAROPE 


PHILADELPHIA 


593 


Phal'arope,  family  of  birds,  XIII.  380.  Wil¬ 
son’s  pbalaropo,  1  c  (ill.). 

Phalar'opus  (ornithology),  XIII.  380,  1  a.  P. 
Wilsonii,  1  c  (ill.),  &c. 

Phale'ris  (ornithology),  II.  117,  2  be.  P.  psit- 
tacula,  ib. 

Piiale'rum  :  see  Athens,  II.  59,  1  be,  c. 
Phallic  Worship,  XIII.  380.  See  Baccha¬ 
nalia.  In  Japan,  IX.  539,  2  b.  Phallic 
emblems  :  see  Abacus,  I.  5,  1  ab. 

Phallism :  see  Phallic  Worship  (Index). 
Phallus  (botany),  VII.  530,  1  be ;  533,  2  b. 

Expansive  force  of,  530,  1  a. 

Phalsbourg  [fals-boor] :  see  Pfalzburg. 
Phanari ,  harbor,  XIII.  539,  2  ab. 

PnANARioTES :  see  Fanariotes. 

Phaneroptera  angustifolia  (entomology),  VIII. 
170,  1  c  (ill.). 

Pha'nes ,  in  the  Orphic  cosmogony,  XII.  711, 1  a. 
PnARAOH  [fa'-ro],  Egyptian  royal  title,  XIII. 
381. 

Pharaoh's  chicken ,  Egyptian  vulture,  so  called, 
XVI.  413,  1  a. 

Pharaoh- Hophr  a,  Egyptian  king,  XII.  199, 1  b. 
See  Apries. 

Pharaoh's  rat  (ichneumon),  IX.  157,  2  ab. 
Pharisees,  Jewish  sect,  XIII.  381. 

Pharnaba 'zus,  Persian  satrap  (of  Mysia  and 
Lesser  Phrygia),  referred  to,  I.  186,  2  a ; 
263,  1  b ;  773, 1  c  ;  V.  263,  la;  IX.  343,  1  c. 
Piiaro  :  see  Faro. 

Pharos,  island  and  lighthouse,  XIII.  382  ;  X. 
458,  2  ab  ;  I.  290,  2  b. 

Pharsalia ,  battle  of,  XIII.  382,  1  be ;  698,  1  c. 
Pharsa'lus,  ancient  city,  XIII.  382. 

Pharpar ,  river  of  Syria,  V.  651,  2  b. 
Pharyngeal  aponeurosis  (anatomy),  XIII.  382, 
2  c.  Pharyngeal  muscles,  2  c  (ill.). 
Pharyngi1 tis, disease, XIII. 383, 1  b;  III. 310, la. 
Pharynx  (anatomy),  XIII.  382;  I.  317,  2  b. 
Phascalotherium  (palseontology),  XV.  732, 1  be. 
Phascog'ale,  genus  of  mammals,  XIII.  383. 
P.  penicillata,  1  c  (ill.). 

Phascolarctos  (zoology),  X.  36,  1  c.  P.  cine- 
reus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Phascol' omys  wombat  (zoology),  XVI.  702,  2  c 
(ill.,  703). 

Phase’ olus  (botany),  II.  416,  2  a. 

Phasiani’nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  383,  2  c ;  384, 

1  a. 

Phasia’nus  (ornithology),  XIII.  384,  1  a.  P. 

Colcliicus,  1  c  (ill.).  P.  torquatus,  2  b. 
PnAsis,  river  of  Transcaucasia,  XIII.  383 ;  X. 
66,  1  ab  ;  IV.  133,  2  a. 

38 


Piiaulcon  :  see  Constantin  Faulcon. 
Phazania :  see  Fezzan. 

Pheasant,  bird,  XIII.  383.  Common  pheasant, 
384,  1  c  (ill.).  Golden  pheasant,  2  b  (ill., 
385).  Argus  pheasant,  2  c  (ill.,  385).  Im- 
peyan  pheasant,  386,  1  a  (ill.,  385).  Horned 
pheasant,  XV.  838,  1  c  (ill.). 

Pheasant's  island ,  river  Bidassoa,  II.  624,  2  be. 
Phegeus  [fe'-juce],  legendary,  I.  263,  2  b. 
Phelan ,  Michael ,  billiard  player,  II.  641,  2  ab; 
643,  1  a. 

PnELPS,  two  counties,  XIII.  386. 

Phelps,  Almira  Hart  Lincoln,  American  teach¬ 
er,  XIII.  386. 

Phelps,  Anson  Greene,  merchant,  XIII.  386. 
Phelps,  Austin,  XIII.  386.  Elizabeth  S.,  author¬ 
ess,  2  c.  Elizabeth  S.  (2d),  authoress,  387, 1  a. 
Phelps ,  G.  M.  His  telephone,  XV.  622,  1  a. 
Phene  [fain],  (benzole),  II.  546,  2  b. 

Phenol  (synonymes,  phenic  acid,  phenolic 
acid,  phenous  acid,  phenyl  hydrate,  phenyl 
oxyhydrate,  ph'enyl  alcohol,  phenylated  wa¬ 
ter,  phenylic  acid,  phenylous  acid)  :  see  Car¬ 
bolic  Acid. 

Phenyl  sulphide :  see  Carbolic  Acid,  III.  769, 
2  be. 

Pher^e,  ancient  city  of  Thessaly,  XIII.  387. 
Alexander  of,  1  be.  Supposed  site  of,  IX. 
733,  2  c. 

Pherecydes  [fer-e-si'-deez],  of  Syros,  philoso¬ 
pher,  XIII.  387.  Of  Leros,  logographer,  2  b. 
Phialia :  see  Phigalia. 

Phi  Beta  Kappa  society ,  origin  of,  XVI.  635,  2  a. 
Phi-Beseth  (Bubastis),  III.  374,  2  a. 

Phidalia :  see  Balta  Liman. 

Phid'ias,  Greek  sculptor  and  architect,  XIII. 
387;  XIV.  719,  1  ab. 

Phigalia,  ancient  town  of  Arcadia,  XIII.  388. 

Phigalian  marbles,  2  ab. 

Pliiladelphe'ne ,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII. 
389,  1  a. 

Philadelphia,  ancient  town  of  Lydia,  XIII. 

388.  Of  Palestine,  2  c. 

Philadelphia,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  389. 
Streets,  2  b.  Buildings,  390,  1  ab.  Public 
Ledger  building,  2  c  (ill.).  Masonic  temple, 
391, 1  b  (ill.).  Churches,  2  b.  Independence 
hall,  392,  2  a  (ill.).  Squares,  393,  1  a.  New 
city  hall,  2  a  (ill.,  392).  Fairmount  park,  ib. 
International  exhibition,  2  b.  Main  build¬ 
ing,  2  c  (ill.).  Fine  art  gallery,  395,  1  a  (ill., 
393).  Centennial  exhibition  grounds  (view), 
394.  Cemeteries,  395,  1  c.  Population,  2  a. 
Intercommunication,  2  c.  Commerce,  396, 


594 


PHILADELPHIA 


PHILLIPSBURGH 


1  ab.  Manufactures,  2  be.  Banks,  &c.,  398, 
1  a.  Government,  1  c.  Public  institutions, 
399,  1  c.  Education,  400,  1  c;  Girard  col¬ 
lege,  2  c  (ill.) ;  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
401,  1  be  (ill.).  Societies,  402,  1  c.  Libra¬ 
ries,  2  b.  Theatres,  &c.,  403, 1  ab.  Newspa¬ 
pers,  &c.,  1  c.  Religious  organizations,  ib. 
History,  2  a.  Founded,  XVI.  151,  2  be.  Or¬ 
igin  of  the  name,  XIII.  251,  2  b. 
Philadelphia,  county  seat,  XII.  239,  1  b. 
Philadelphists ,  religious  society,  II.  774,  1  c. 
Philadelphus,  genus  of  shrubs,  XIII.  404. 

Species,  2  a  (ill.,  P.  Gordonianus). 

Phil/e,  island  of  the  Nile,  XIII.  404 ;  XII.  451, 
1  a.  Ruins,  XIII.  404,  2  c  (ill.,  405). 
Philceni ,  Carthaginian  patriots  (said  to  have 
consented  to  be  buried  alive),  XV.  549,  1  b. 
Philale'thes ,  pseudonyme,  IX.  652,  1  a. 
Philanthropic  school ,  in  education,  VI.  414, 1  a. 
Philanthropin  [fe-lan-tro-peen'J,  Basedow’s 
school,  II.  357,  1  a. 

PniLAEET',  Russian  prelate,  XIII.  405.  Three 
others,  1  c. 

Philat'ely ,  postage-stamp  collecting,  XIII.  756, 
1  c. 

Phile'mon,  Athenian  comic  poet,  XIII.  405. 
Philemon,  Epistle  to,  XIII.  405. 

Philemon  and  Baucis  :  see  Baucis. 
Philetce'rus  so'cius  (ornithology),  XVI.  522,  2  a. 
Philidor  :  see  Danican. 

Philip,  apostle,  XIII.  406.  Evangelist,  1  b. 
Philip  II.,  king  of  Macedon,  XIII.  406  ;  VIII. 
197,  2  be. 

Pnmip  V.,  king  of  Macedon,  XIII.  408  ;  VIII. 
200,  1  c. 

Philip  (Augustus)  II.,  king  of  France,  XIII. 

409 ;  VII.  380,  1  c  ;  IX.  648,  2  b. 

Philip  IV.,  the  Fair,  king  of  France,  XIII.  410 ; 
VII.  380,  2  b.  See  Templars,  XV.  635,  2  a. 
Referred  to,  XV.  323,  2  c. 

PniLip  VI.,  of  Valois,  king  of  France,  XIII.  410. 
PniLip  I.,  the  Handsome,  archduke  of  Austria 
and  king  of  Castile,  XIII.  411. 

Philip  II.,  king  of  Spain,  XIII.  411  ;  XII.  247, 
1  b.  His  opposition  to  the  Panama  canal, 
XIII.  33,  1  c. 

Philip  V.,  king  of  Spain,  XIII.  413.  See 
Charles  VI.  of  Germany, 

Pnmp,  King,  sachem  of  Pokanoket,  XIII.  414. 

King  Philip’s  war,  415,  1  ab. 

Philip  Benizi ,  Saint ,  referred  to,  XIV.  785, 1  b. 
PniLip  the  Bold,  duke  of  Burgundy,  XIII.  415. 
Philip  xnE  Good,  duke  of  Burgundy,  XIII.  415. 
Embassy  to  Portugal,  VII.  45,  1  c. 


PniLip  the  Magnanimous,  landgrave  of  Hesse, 
XIII.  416.  His  bigamous  marriage,  1  c  ;  X. 
728,  2  b;  XI.  367,  1  c. 

Philipp  of  JSferi,  St. :  see  Neri,  Filippo  de’. 

Philipistic  controversy ,  X.  733,  1  b. 

Philippa ,  queen  of  Edward  III.,  referred  to, 
VI.  435,  1  b  ;  609,  1  ab  ;  III.  563,  2  b  ;  VII. 
507,  2  b. 

Philippe ville  [fe-leep-veel],  town  of  Algeria, 
XIII.  416. 

Philippi,  ancient  city  of  Macedonia,  XIII.  416. 
Battle  of,  2  b. 

Philippi ,  county  seat,  II.  302,  1  b. 

Philippi ans,  Epistle  to  the,  XIII.  416. 

Philippics  :  see  Demosthenes,  V.  798,  1  b. 

Philip’picus  Barda'nes ,  Byzantine  emperor 
(711-713,  blinded  and  deposed),  IX.  728,  2  ab. 

Philippine  Islands  [fil'-ip-peen],  XIII.  417 
(map). 

Philippists ,  followers  of  Melanchthon,  V.  534, 
1  c ;  XI.  366,  2  be ;  XIV.  246,  1  c. 

Philippop'oli,  town  of  Turkey,  XIII.  418. 

Philippopolis ,  ancient  town,  XIII.  418,  2  c. 

Philippoteaux,  F61ix  Emmanuel  Henri  [fe-le- 
puh-td],  French  painter,  XIII.  418. 

Philippsburg  [fe'-lips-boorg],  town  of  Baden, 
XIII.  419. 

Philippson,  Ludwig,  Jewish  author,  XIII.  419. 

Phil'ips,  Ambrose,  English  poet,  XIII.  419. 

Philips,  John,  poet,  XIII.  419. 

Philistines  [fe-lis'-tins],  early  race  in  Pales¬ 
tine,  XIII.  419. 

Phillimore,  John  George,  English  jurist,  XIII. 
420.  Sir  Robert  Joseph,  jurist,  1  be;  on  the 
law  of  embassies,  X.  225,  2  b. 

Phillip ,  Capt.  Arthur  (1738-1814,  first  gov¬ 
ernor  of  New  South  Wales,  1788-’93,  after¬ 
ward  vice  admiral),  III.  138,  1  be ;  II.  134, 
1  ab,  c. 

Phillip,  John,  Scottish  painter,  XIII.  420. 

Phillips,  two  counties,  XIII.  420. 

Phillips  (correctly,  Phillipps),  Adelaide,  Amer-r 
ican  singer,  XIII.  420. 

Phillips,  Charles,  Irish  barrister,  XIII.  420. 

Phillips,  Georg,  German  historian,  XIII.  420. 

Phillips,  John,  American  merchant,  XIII.  421. 
Samuel,  jr.,  1  a. 

PniLLiPS,  John,  English  geologist,  XIII.  421. 

Phillips ,  John ,  poet:  see  Philips,  John. 

Phillips,  Watts,  dramatist,  XIII.  421. 

PniLLiPS,  Wendell,  American  orator,  XIII.  421. 

Phillips  academy ,  I.  481,  1  a;  VII.  27,  2  ab ; 
XIII.  421,  1  a,  ab. 

Phillipsburgh  county  seat,  XIII.  420,  1  c. 


PHILO 


PHCENIX 


595 


Philo  of  Byblos,  referred  to,  XII.  117,  2  b; 

XIV.  596,  1  b  (Herennius  Philo  of  Byblus). 
PniLO  Jud/eus,  Jewish  philosopher,  XIII.  421 ; 

XII.  224,  2  c ;  I.  292,  1  b. 

Philohela  minor  (ornithology),  XVI.  707,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Philology  :  see  Language,  X.  146,  2  a. 
Philom'achus  (ornithology),  XIV.  464,  2  a. 

P.  pugnax,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Philomelium ,  ancient  town,  I.  227,  1  b. 

Philo  Pacificus ,  pseudonyme,  XVI.  727,  1  ab. 
Philopappus ,  monument  of  II.  59,  2  b. 
Philopce'men,  Greek  general,  XIII.  422  ;  I.  62, 
2  c ;  VIII.  200,  2  ab,  be. 

Philosopher's  lamp ,  XIV.  116,  2  b. 
Philosopher's  stone ,  I.  261,  2  c ;  X.  846,  2  b, 
322,  2  a. 

Philosophical  Anatomy,  XIII.  422.  Theories 
of  Oken,  2  b ;  Goethe,  Dumeril,  &c.,  423, 
1  b  ;  Geoffrey  Saint-Hilaire,  2  a ;  Cams,  2  c; 
Owen,  424,  2  a  (ill.) ;  J.  D.  Dana  (cephali- 
zation),  428,  2  b  ;  Maclise,  429,  1  ab ;  Hux¬ 
ley,  1  be ;  Wyman  and  Wilder,  1  c.  Diffi¬ 
culty  of  reducing  it  to  a  science,  427,  2  be. 
Philosophy,  XIII.429.  Definitions, 2  c.  Method, 
430,  2  a.  Domain,  2  b.  Divisions,  431,  1  a. 
Development,  433,  1  c.  Schools,  434,  2  ab. 
History,  2  b.  Indian,  2  c  ;  IX.  227,  2  b. 
Chinese,  XIII.  435,  2  b.  Perso-Median,  436, 

1  a.  Egyptian,  1  b.  Greek,  2  a.  Roman, 
438,  2  c;  X.  193,  2  c.  Alexandrian,  XIII. 
438,  2  c.  Mediaeval,  439,  1  b.  English  and 
Scottish,  440,  2  ab  ;  441,  2  ab ;  445,  1  c. 
Italian,  440,  2  c;  444,  2  a.  French,  440, 

2  c ;  441,  2  a ;  444,  1  a.  German,  441,  1  b, 
2  c.  American,  447,  1  a. 

Philosophy ,  academic ,  XIII.  438,  2  a. 
Philosophy,  Moral :  see  Moral  Philosophy. 
Philosophy  of  identity :  see  Schelling,  XIV. 
667,  2  c. 

Philo' tas,  Alexander’s  general,  put  to  death,  I. 

278,  1  a;  XIII.  121,  2  c. 

Philp ,  Robert ,  philanthropist,  X.  17,  1  be. 
Phineus  [fi'-nuce],  myth  of,  VIII.  474,  2  b. 
Phintias  [fin'-te-as] :  see  Damon  and  Pythias. 
Phipps,  Sir  William  :  see  Pmps. 

Phippsia  (botany),  referred  to,  VIII.  167,  1  b. 
Pmps,  Sir  William,  governor,  XIII.  448. 

Phiz ,  pseudonyme,  VI.  88,  1  c. 

Piilebi'tis,  disease,  XIII.  449  ;  XVI.  283,  2  a. 
PhleboV ithes  (vein  stones),  XVI.  283,  2  b. 
PnLEBOT'oMY :  see  Bloodletting. 

Phlegmasia  Dolens  :  see  Milk  Leg,  and  XII. 
583,  1  a. 


Phle'um  (botany),  VIII.  166,  1  b  (ill).  P.  pra- 
tense,  167,  2  b;  XV.  757,  2  c  (ill.,  758).  P. 
alpinum,  ib. 

Piilius,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XIII.  449. 

Phlogistic  {or  phlogiston )  theory ,  of  heat :  see 
Phlogiston  (Index). 

Phlogiston  :  see  Chemistry,  IV.  360,  2  a,  and 
IX.  Ill,  1  b.  Phlogiston  theory,  IV.  360, 
1  be;  VIII.  567,  2  b. 

Phlo' gopites :  see  Mica,  XI.  490,  2  c. 

Pliloridzine  [flo-rid'-zin],  bitter  principle,  II. 
671,  1  be. 

Phlox,  genus  of  plants,  XIII.  449.  Drum¬ 
mond’s  phlox,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  subulata,  450, 
1  b  (ill.).  Herbaceous  perennial  phlox,  1  c 
(ill).  Other  species. 

Phoca  (zoology),  XIV.  730,  1  be ;  732,  1  a. 
P.  vitulina,  1  ab  (ill.).  P.  Groenlandica,  1  b 
(ill).  P.  Caspica,  2  ab. 

Phoo^e'a,  ancient  town,  Asia  Minor,  XIII.  450. 

Phoccena  (zoology),  XIII.  719,  2  be.  P.  com¬ 
munis,  720,  1  b  (ill).  P.  Americana,  2  a. 

Phocen'ic  acid :  see  V alerianic  Acid. 

Phocicum,  building,  XIII.  451,  2  b. 

Pho'cidce  (zoology),  IV.  10,  2  b. 

Phocion,  Athenian  general,  XIII.  451. 

Pnocis,  country  in  ancient  Greece,  XIII.  451. 

Phoc'odon  (zoology),  XVI.  813,  2  ab ;  814,  1  c. 

Phoebe :  see  Diana,  VI.  77,  2  a,  and  X.  715, 1  a. 

Phoebe  bird ,  XIII.  376,  1  b. 

Phoeb'idas,  general,  referred  to,  1. 186,  2  b. 

Phoebus  :  see  Apollo. 

Phoeni'ce :  see  Tenedos. 

Phoenicercus  carnifex  (ornithology),  XI.  87,  2  c 
(ill).  P.  nigricollis,  88,  1  b. 

Phoenicia,  XIII.  452.  Description,  1  ab.  Phoe¬ 
nicians,  2  b.  Commerce,  settlements,  and 
manufactures,  453,  1  a.  Commerce  with 
Britain,  III.  294,  1  a  ;  settlements  in  Africa, 
XI.  290,  2  a.  Government,  XIII.  454,  1  c. 
History,  2  b.  Language,  455,  2  a;  alpha¬ 
bet,  2  c  (ill,  456)  ;  I.  348,  2  be. 

*  Phoenician  sea:  see  Mediterranean  Sea,  XI. 
354,  1  a. 

Phoenicop' terus  (ornithology),  VII.  256,  1  c. 
P.  ruber,  2  c  (ill).  P.  antiquorum,  257,  1  b. 

PnasNix,  mythical  bird,  XIII.  457. 

Phoenix ,  tutor  of  Achilles,  I.  64,  2  a,  b. 

Phoenix ,  county  seat,  XI.  162,  1  a. 

Phoenix,  steamboat,  XV.  381,  1  b  (Stevens, 
John). 

Phoenix  dactylifera  (botany),  V.  699,  1  ab.  P. 
sylvestris  and  P.  farinifera,  2  c. 

“  Phoenix  society see  Fenians,  VII.  124,  2  ab. 


596 


PHCENIXVILLE 


PHEYNE 


PncENixYiLLE,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII. 
457. 

Phol ,  in  northern  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Pholad'idce  (conchology),  XY.  400,  1  a. 

Pholas  (conchology),  XY.  400,  1  a ;  XI.  722, 

1  a,  724,  1  c;  Y.  202,  2  ah  (pliolades).  P. 
dactylus,  XY.  400,  1  b  (ills.). 

Pholcus  Atlanticus  (entomology),  XY.  266, 1  a. 
P.  phalangioides,  1  b. 

Pholidoph' or  us  (fossil  ichthyology),  YII.  615, 

2  a.  P.  limbatus,  referred  to,  Y.  827,  2  ab. 
Pholis  (ichthyology),  XIY.  825,  2  ab.  P.  laavis, 

2  b  (ill.).  P.  subbifurcatus,  826,  1  b. 
Phonautograph ,  acoustic  apparatus,  I.  72,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Phonet'ics,  XIII.  457.  “Phonetic  types”  of 
language,  X.  147,  2  b.  System  of  Gray  and 
Bell:  see  Telegraph,  XY.  621,  1  b. 
Phonicity ,  in  music,  XII.  84,  2  a. 

Phonograph,  XIII.  458  (ills.) ;  improvements 
iu,  459*,  1  a. 

Phonog'raphy,  XIII.  459*»  Phonographic 
signs,  459-461.  Cheke’s  system,  IY.  354,2  ab. 
Phoradendron  (botany),  XI.  676,  1  be.  P. 
flavescens,  1  c. 

Phormium  tenax  (botany),  YII.  262,  2  b. 
Phospham ,  phosphoric  compound,  XIII.  467, 1  a. 
Phosphates :  see  Phosphorus,  XIII.  464,  1  b  ; 
465,  1  c,  2  c ;  466,  1  a.  Phosphates  of  lime, 
X.  478,  2  c;  use  of  in  medicine,  480,  2  b; 
in  agriculture,  III.  64,  1  a,  b.  Phosphates 
of  sodium,  XY.  152,  2  be.  Phosphates  in 
urine,  XYI.  224,  2  c.  Calcic  phosphate  (apa¬ 
tite),  IX.  406,  1  c :  see  X.  479,  1  a. 
Phosphat'ic  diath'esis  (medical),  YIII.  174,  2  b. 
Phosphides  [fos'-fidz],  XIII.  466,  1  c,  ff. 
PnospnoR  Bronze,  metallic  compound,  XIII. 
461. 

PnospnoRESOENCE,  XIII.  461;  YI.  707,  1  ab. 

Of  the  ocean,  IX.  602,  1  c. 

Phosphoric  anhydride ,  XIII.  465,  1  c.  For¬ 
mation  of,  ib.  (ill.). 

Phosphorist  party ,  in  Swedish  literature,  YII. 

659,  2  be ;  XY.  514,  2  c. 

Phosphoroscope ,  XIII.  463,  1  c  (ills.). 
Phosphorous  anhydride ,  XIII.  466,  1  a.  Phos¬ 
phorous  acid,  1  ab. 

Phosphorus,  elementary  substance,  XIII.  463. 
Preparation,  464,  1  b  (ill.).  Properties,  2  b. 
Compounds,  465,  1  c.  Uses,  467,  1  c.  Dis¬ 
covery  of,  463,  2  c;  I.  261, 1  b.  Phosphorus 
of  the  brain,  III.  186,  2  be.  In  iron,  IX.  371, 
2  ab,  406,  1  c;  in  steel,  XY.  356,  1  a.  Bald¬ 
win’s  or  Baudoin’s  phosphorus  (Christian 


Adolf  Balduin,  a  German  alchemist,  1632- 
’82),  X.  479,  1  c ;  XIII.  462,  2  be. 
Phosphorus ,  star  :  see  Lucifer. 

Phosphurets ,  XIII.  466,  1  c.  Phosphuret  of 
calcium,  X.  478,  2  b;  of  iron,  alluded  to, 
II.  558,  2  ab. 

Phosphuretted  hydrogen ,  XIII.  466,  1  c  (ill.). 

Inflammability  of,  IX.  177,  2  c. 

Photinia  (botany),  XI.  356,  1  b. 

Plioti'nus pyra'lis  (entomology),  YII.  214,  1  c. 
PnoTius,  patriarch  of  Constantinople,  XIII. 

467 ;  YIII.  207,  2  c. 

$G)TicThpia  (baptisteries),  II.  291,  2  c. 

Photogen' ic  drawing ,  XIII.  469,  2  b. 
Photog'rapiiy,  XIII.  468.  Decomposition  of 
bodies  by  light,  1  b.  First  attempts  at,  469, 

1  a.  Daguerre’s  process,  1  be;  Talbot’s, 

2  ab.  Applications  of,  2  c.  Improvements 
in,  470, 1  be.  Printing  from  a  negative,  2  c. 
The  stereoscope,  471,  1  c.  Imperfections  of 
photographs,  ib.  Instruments  for  measure¬ 
ment  of  light,  2  ab.  Attempts  to  increase 
durability  of  photographs,  2  b.  Agent  in 
their  production,  2  c;  photography  a  mis¬ 
nomer,  ib.  Popularity  and  uses  of,  472, 

1  ab.  Application  to  the  fine  arts,  &c., 
473,  1  ab.  See  Actinism,  and  Light. 

Photo-lithography ,  X.  528,  1  c. 

Photom'etry,  XIII.  473.  Bouguer  and  Eit- 
chie’s  photometer,  2  b  (ill.).  Bumford’s, 

2  c.  Bunsen’s,  ib. ;  YII.  638,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Chemical  photometers,  XIII.  474,  1  c ;  pen¬ 
dulum  photometer,  2  be.. 

Photo-relief  process ,  in  photography,  XIII. 
473,  1  a. 

Photosphere ,  of  the  sun,  XY.  472,  1  c. 
Photozincography,  for  producing  facsimile,  re> 
ferred  to,  YI.  198,  2  c. 

Photuris  versicolor  (entomology),  YII.  214, 1  be. 
Phraates  [fra-a'-teez],  four  kings  of  Partliia, 
XIII.  135,  1  c,  flP. 

Phra-cha-dee,  minaret,  II.  270,  1  c. 
Phragmi'tes  (botany),  XIY.  240,  2  b.  P.  com¬ 
munis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Piiraor'tes  :  see  Media,  XI.  332,  2  c. 
Phrenology,  XIII.  474.  See  Hamilton,  Sir 
William,  YIII.  422,  2  b. 

Phrixus:  see  Helle,  YIII.  621,  1  a. 
Phrygane'a  (entomology),  XI.  301,  2  c.  P. 

grandis  and  other  species,  302,  1  be  (ills.). 
Phrygan'idce  (entomology),  III.  535,  1  be. 
Phrygia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  476. 
Phry'ne,  Athenian  courtesan,  XIII.  477.  De¬ 
ferred  to,  806,  1  a. 


PHRYNICHUS 


PICARDY 


597 


Phrynichus  [frin'-e-kus],  Greek  tragic  poet, 
VIII.  213,  2  a.  Comic  poet,  2  be. 
Phrynoso'ma  (zoology),  VIII.  822,  1  ab.  P. 

cornutum,  1  c  (ill.). 

Phtah ,  Phthah:  see  Ptaii  (Index). 

Phthalic  acid,  XII.  134,  2  b. 

Piitiiiotis  [thi-o'-tis],  district  of  ancient  Thes¬ 
saly,  XIII.  477.  Nomarch y  of  Phthiotis 
and  Phocis,  2  a. 

PiiTniRiAsis  [the-ri'-a-sis],  disease:  see  Epi- 
zoa,  VI.  696,  1  c. 

Phthir'ius  pubis  or  inguinalis  (epizoa),  VI. 
696,  2  a  (ill.). 

Phthisis  [thi'-zis] :  see  Consumption,  V.  282, 

1  c.  Acute,  2  b. 

Phya :  see  Pisistratus,  XIII.  543,  1  b,  and 
Giant,  VII.  794,  2  a. 

Phycis  (ichthyology),  VIII.  385,  1  a,  2  a.  P. 

Americanus,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  filamentosus,  2  be. 
PhyVacue ,  sanctuary  of,  referred  to,  V.  785,  2  c. 
Phylac'tery,  amulet,  XIII.  477. 

Phy'le :  see  Demos. 

Phyllodac!  txylus  (zoology),  VII.  657,  1  a. 
Phyllodium ,  of  a  leaf,  X.  266,  1  c. 
Phyllograptus  typus  (paleontology),  (ill.),  VIII. 
165,  2  b. 

Phylloph'aga  querci'na  (entomology),  IV.  787, 

2  a. 

Phyllop'tera  oblongifo'lia  (entomology),  VIII. 

170,  1  b  (ill.).  P.  curvicauda,  1  c. 
Phyllopteryx  (ichthyology),  X.  635,  1  c. 
Phyllos'toma  (zoology),  II.  376,  2  c;  378,  1  c. 
Phyl'lotaxy ,  department  of  botany,  X.  267,  2  b. 
Phyllox'era,  genus  of  plant  lice,  XIII.  477 
(ills.,  478-480).  P.  quercus,  2  be.  P.  Rileyi, 
478,  1  a.  P.  vastatrix,  2  b;  VIII.  164,1  b. 
Grape-vine  disease,  XIII.  478,  2  b. 

Physalia  (zoology),  IX.  601,  2  ab. 

Phys'alis,  genus  of  herbs,  XIII.  480.  P. 
Peruviana,  481,  1  a  (ill.).  Fruit,  1  b  (ill.). 
P.  alkekengi,  1  c.  P.  Philadelphica,  2  a. 
Physalite:  see  Topaz,  XV.  798,  2  b. 

Physe'ter  (zoology),  XVI.  581,  1  b.  P.  ma- 
crocephalus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Physeter'idce  (zoology),  XVI.  580,  2  c. 
Physical  Geography,  XIII.  481. 

PnYsicK,  Philip  Syng,  American  physician, 
XIII.  482. 

Physics  :  see  Natural  Philosophy. 

Physioc'  ratists ,  in  political  economy,  XIII. 
667,  1  be. 

Physiognomy,  XIII.  482.  First  attempt  to 
reduce  it  to  a  science,  X.  214,  2  c. 
Physiology,  XIII.  483.  Living  beings,  484, 


1  a.  Views  of  the  nature  of  life,  1  b,  ff. 
Vital  phenomena,  485,  2  c. 

Physomyce'tes  (botany),  VII.  532,  1  c. 

Physostigma  venenosum  (bbtany),  III.  560,  1  c 
(ill.). 

PnYTELEpnAs  (botany),  XIII.  486.  P.  macro- 
carpa,  1  b  (ill.). 

Phytoc'oris  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  2  b. 

Phytolacca  decandra  (botany),  XIII.  641,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Phytot'oma  (ornithology),  XIII.  596,  1  b.  P. 
rara,  2  a  (ill.). 

Piacenza  [pe-a-cen'-za ;  It.  pya-chen'-dza], 
province  of  Italy,  XIII.  487.  Capital  city, 

1  c.  History,  2  a.  Council  at,  I.  293,  1  c; 
V.  528,  1  c. 

Piacenza,  Duke  of :  see  Lebrun,  X.  282,  1  c. 

Pi'a  ma'ter,  of  th6  brain,  III.  188,  2  ab. 

Piana  del  Greci  [pya/-na  del  gra'-che],  town 
of  Sicily,  XIII.  487. 

Piano :  see  Pianoforte  (Index). 

Pianoforte,  XIII.  487 ;  XII.  75,  1  ab.  In¬ 
vention  of,  92,  1  a;  XIII.  488,  1  c.  Sup¬ 
posed  origin  of  the  name,  2  b.  Forms  of, 
489,  1  b.  Parts  of,  2  b.  Framing  and  sound 
board,  ib.  Strings,  490,  2  a.  Action,  2  c. 
Case  and  making,  492,  1  a.  American  man¬ 
ufacture  and  improvements,  1  b. 

Pianori  [pya-no'-re],  attempt  on  the  life  of 
Napoleon  III.,  III.  51,  1  ab. 

Pianta  Capitolina,  ground  plan  of  ancient 
Rome,  III.  756,  2  c. 

Pi'arists,  religious  order,  XIII.  493. 

Piast,  Dynasty  of  [pyast] ;  see  Poland,  XIII. 
644,  1  be. 

Piaster  [pe-as'-ter],  coin,  XIII.  494. 

Pi'att,  county,  XIII.  494. 

Piatt,  John  James,  American  poet,  XIII.  494. 
Sarah  Morgan  Bryan,  poet,  2  a. 

PiAunv  [pe-ow'-e],  province  of  Brazil,  XIII. 494. 

Piazza  Armerina  [pyat'-sa  ar-ma-re'-na],  town 
of  Sicily,  XIII.  494. 

Piazzi,  Giuseppe  [pyat'-se],  Italian  astronomer, 
XIII.  495. 

Pi'ca  (ornithology),  XI.  22,  1  c.  P.  melano- 
leuca,  2  a.  P.  Hudsonica,  2  c  (ill.). 

Pica,  size  of  printing  type,  XIII.  846,  1  c,  ff. 

Picador',  bull  fighter,  III.  426,  1  b. 

Picard  [pe-kar],  French  fanatic,  I.  81,  2  c. 

Picard,  Jean,  astronomer,  XIII.  495.  Length 
of  a  degree  defined  by  him,  VI.  355,  1  ab. 

Picard,  Louis  Joseph  Ernest,  statesman,  XIII. 
495.  (Died  1877.) 

Pic'ardy,  old  province  of  France,  XIII.  495. 


593 


PICCADILLY 


PIERCE 


Piccadilly ,  London,  X.  595,  1  c. 

Piccini,  Nicold  [peet-che'-ne],  Italian  composer, 
XIII.  495. 

Piccinists,  musical  faction,  XII.  91,  1  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VIII.  44,  2  ab ;  XIII.  496,  1  a. 
Piccinni :  see  Piccini. 

Pic'colo ,  musical  instrument,  VII.  293,  1  b ; 

XII.  94,  2  b. 

Piccolomini  [pik-ko-lo'-me-ne],  Italian  family, 

XIII.  496. 

Piccolomini,  Marietta,  singer,  XIII.  496. 
Piccolomini,  Ottavio,  Austrian  general,  XIII. 
496 ;  XVI.  437,  1  a. 

Pi'cea  (botany),  VII.  207,  2  be.  P.  W ebbiana, 
209,  1  c. 

Pice'ni ,  a  Sabine  people,  XIII.  496,  2  b. 
Picen'tes :  see  Piceni  (Index). 

Picenum,  ancient  division  of  Italy,  XIII.  496. 
Pichegku,  Charles  [peesh-grii],  French  general, 
XIII.  496.  See  Cadoudal. 

PicmNcnA  [pe-cheen'-cha],  mountain  peak:  see 
Ecuador,  VI.  394,  2  a.  Battle  of,  398,  1  c. 
Pichler  [pich'-ler],  father  and  son  (Johann  An¬ 
ton,  1697-1779,  and  Johann  von,  1734-’91), 
gem  engravers,  referred  to,  VII.  664,  1  a. 
Pichler,  Aloys,  German  author,  XIII.  497. 
PicnLEE,  Karoline  von,  novelist,  XIII.  497. 
Piciion,  Pierre  Auguste  [pe-shoIlg],  French 
painter,  XIII.  497. 

Pici'nce  (ornithology),  XVI.  709,  2  a. 
Pickaway,  county,  XIII.  497. 

Pickelherring ,  VIII.  463,  2  b  (Harlequin). 
Pickens,  three  counties,  XIII.  497. 

Pickens,  Andrew,  American  general,  XIII.  497. 

Francis  W.,  statesman,  2  c. 

Pickens,  Fort:  see  Pensacola,  XIII.  273, 1  c, 
and  2  be. 

Pickens  Court  House ,  county  seat,  XIII.  497,  2  a. 
Pickerel:  see  Pike,  XIII.  509,  2  c.  Long  or 
shovel-nosed  pickerel,  510,  1  c  (ill.) ;  trout 
or  short-nosed,  2  b. 

Pickering,  Timothy,  American  statesman,  XIII. 
498.  On  the  Cunningham  correspondence, 
2  ab  ;  I.  96,  2  c.  His  attacks  on  J.  Q.  Adams, 
99,  2  c;  102,  2  a. — John,  scholar,  XIII.  498, 
2  ab.— Charles,  naturalist,  2  c.  His  divisions 
of  the  human  race,  VI.  755, 1  ab ;  V.  193,  2  b. 
Pickers ,  in  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  2  c. 

Pickersgill,  Henry  William,  English  painter, 
XIII.  499.  Frederick  Richard,  painter,  1  a. 
Picking  peg,  in  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  2  c. 

Pickles,  XIII.  499.  Alleged  etymology  of  the 
word,  II.  599,  1  a. 

Pickling,  XIII.  823,  2  b.  See  Pickles. 


Pico,  peak  o/^pe'-ko],  Azores,  II.  174,  2  c. 

Pico  della  Mirandola  :  see  Mirandola. 
Picoi'des  arc'ticus  (ornithology),  XVI.  710,  1  b. 
Picot,  Frangois  Edouard  [pe-ko],  French  paint¬ 
er,  XIII.  499. 

Picou,  Henri  Pierre  [pe-koo],  painter,  XIII.  499. 
Picpus  society  [peek-ptis],  monastic,  XI.  732, 
1  b.  Les  Picpus,  II.  309,  1  a. 

Pier  ana  excelsa  (botany),  XIV.  132,  1  c  (ill.). 
Pic’ rate  of  potash  powders,  VII.  38,  2  b. 

Picric  Acid,  XIII.  499;  III.  262,  2  c;  VII. 
38,  2  b. 

Picromel,  biliary  sugar,  II.  634,  1  c. 
Picrotoxine  [pik-ro-tox'-in],  a  bitter  principle, 
IV.  775,  2  a ;  III.  262,  2  b. 

Picta'vi :  see  Poitiers,  and  Poitou. 

Pictet,  Frangois  Jules  [peek-ta],  French  natu¬ 
ralist,  XIII.  500.  Adolphe,  1  a. 

Pic'ton,  town  of  Canada,  XIII.  500. 

Pictones  [pik'-to-neez] :  see  Poitou. 

Pictor,  Fabius:  see  Fabius,  VII.  52,  1  a. 
Pictorial  advertisements,  first  known,  1. 138, 1  a. 
Pictou  [pik-too'J,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  XIII. 

500.  Town,  1  be. 

Picts,  ancient  people  of  Scotland,  XIII.  500 ; 

III.  578,  1  c.  Piets’  houses,  XIII.  500,  2  b. 
Pictured  rocks ,  on  Lake  Superior,  XIV.  683, 
1  c;  XV.  484,  1  b. 

Picture  writing :  see  Hieroglyphics,  VIII.  719, 
1  b.  Mexican,  2  a;  I.  402,  2  c.  Central 
American,  VIII.  720,  2  c.  Of  British  Guiana, 
721, 1  b.  Of  North  American  Indians,  VIII. 
719,  1  b. 

Pic’ulets,  birds,  XVI.  710,  2  b. 

Picumni'nce  (ornithology),  XVI.  710,  2  b. 
Picus  villosus  (ornithology),  XVI.  709,  2  ab. 
Piddock,  date  shell,  XV.  400,  1  b. 

Pidgin  English :  see  Pigeon  English. 

Pie,  Louis  Frangois  Desir6  Edouard  [pe],  French 
bishop,  XIII.  500. 

Pie  plant,  XIV.  302,  2  c. 

Piece  of  eight  (dollar),  VI.  187,  2  b. 
Piedimonte  d’Alife  [pya-de-mon'-ta  da-le'-fa], 
town  of  Italy,  XIII.  500. 

Piedmont  [peed'-mont],  division  of  Italy,  XIII. 

501.  See  Italy,  Sardinia,  and  Savoy. 
Piedmont,  division  of  Virginia,  XVI.  373,  2  a. 
Piedras  de  los  ojos  [pe-a'-^ras  daloce  o'-khoce], 

(eye  stones),  VII.  48,  2  c. 

Piegans  [pe'-ganz],  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  501, 
Piegan  massacre,  1  c. 

Piemonte  [pya-mon'-ta] :  see  Piedmont. 

Pierce  [peerce],  four  counties,  XIII.  501o 
Pierce,  county  seat,  XIII.  501,  2  b. 


PIERCE 


PILLAR 


599 


Pierce,  Gen.  Benjamin  [peerce  or  puree],  (1757- 
1839),  XIII.  501,  2  c. 

Pierce,  Franklin,  president  of  tlie  United 
States,  XIII.  501. 

Pierce,  George  Foster,  American  bishop,  XIII. 
503. 

Pierce ,  John ,  first  patentee  of  Plymouth  col¬ 
ony,  III.  180,  1  c. 

Pierce  City ,  county  seat,  XV.  6,  1  c. 

Pierer,  Johann  Friedrich  [pe'-rer],  German 
publisher,  XIII.  503.  Heinrich  August,  1  c. 
Victor  and  Eugen,  2  a. 

Pierpont,  John,  American  poet,  XIII.  503. 

Pierson ,  Abraham  (1608-’78),  first  minister  of 
Newark,  XII.  272,  2  c.  Abraham  (his  son), 
first  rector  of  Yale  college,  XVI.  763,  2  b,  be. 

Pieter  Booth  [pe'-ter  bote],  mountain  of  Mauri¬ 
tius,  XI.  291,  1  be. 

Pietermaritzburg  [pe'-ter-ma'-rits-boorg],  capi 
tal  of  Natal,  XII.  155,  2  c. 

Pietistic  school ,  in  education,  VI.  413,  2  be. 
In  the  Lutheran  church,  X.  734,  2  be. 

Pietists ,  religious  sect :  see  Spener,  and  Pie¬ 
tistic  school  (Index). 

Pietra  fungliia  [pya'-tra  foon'-ghe-a],  (fungus 
stone),  VII.  530,  2  be. 

Pietro  da  Murrone  [pya'-tro  d&  moor-ro'-na], 
(Pope  Celestine  V.),  IV.  170,  2  c. 

Pietro  di  Leone  :  see  Peter  de  Leon  (Index). 

Pieuvre  [pyuvr’],  Victor  Hugo’s  fictitious  mon¬ 
ster,  VI.  56,  1  c. 

Pigafetta ,  companion  of  Magalhaens,  log  men¬ 
tioned  by,  X.  574,  1  c. 

Pigault  de  VEpinoy :  see  Pigault-Lebrun. 

Pigault-Lebrun  [pe-go-liih-brung],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XIII.  503. 

Pigeon,  family  of  birds,  XIII.  503.  Common 
pigeon  or  dove,  504,  1  c ;  varieties,  2  b. 
Cushat  or  ring  pigeon,  505,  1  b  (ill.).  Wood 
pigeon,  1  c.  Fruit  pigeons,  2  a ;  nutmeg 
pigeon,  2  b  (ill.).  Tree  pigeons,  2  c.  Ground 
pigeons,  506,  1  b  ;  Nicobar  pigeon,  2  a  (ill.) ; 
crowned  pigeon,  2  c  (ill.,  507).  Samoan 
pigeon,  507,  1  c. — Cape  pigeon,  so  styled, 
365, 1  c.  Tooth-billed,  XIV.  591,  2  b.  Wild: 
see  Passenger  Pigeon. 

Pigeon  Berry  :  see  Poke,  XIII.  641,  1  b. 

Pigeon  English,  Chinese  jargon,  XIII.  507. 

Pigeon  Hawk,  XIII.  507  (ill.,  508). 

Pigeon  keys,  islands  so  called,  XIII.  506,  1  c. 

Pigeon's  blood,  tint,  XIV.  626,  2  b. 

“  Pigeon's  milk,"  XIII.  504,  2  ab. 

Pigment  cells,  of  the  skin,  V.  191,  2  c. 

Pigment  prints,  in  photography,  XIII.  472,  2  c. 


Pigments,  XIII.  508.  See  Paints. 

Pigmentum  nigrum,  of  the  skin,  V.  191,  2  c. 

Pig  of  the  saunder,  II.  764,  2  a  (Boar). 

Pig  sticking  (boar  hunting),  II.  764,  2  b. 

“  Pig-tail:"  see  Tobacco,  XV.  783,  1  be. 

Pigmy  :  see  Pygmy. 

Pignerol  [pe-nyuh-rhl] :  see  Pinerolo. 

Pignut:  see  Hickory,  VIII.  715,  2  be  (ill.). 

Pigweed,  plant,  XIII.  508  (ill.). 

Pi-hahiroth :  see  Exodus,  VII.  29,  1  c. 

Pika,  animal,  XIII.  509.  Alpine  pika,  1  c. 
Rocky  mountain  pika,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pike,  weapon,  I.  734,  2  b ;  735, 1  b,  2  a ;  740,  2  b. 

Pike,  fish,  XIII.  509.  Common  pike  of  Eu¬ 
rope,  2  be.  Lake  pike  of  America,  510,  1  b. 
Muscalonge,  ib.  Shovel-nosed  pickerel  (com¬ 
mon  pike),  1  c  (ill.).  Trout  pickerel,  2  b. 
Long-jawed  or  gar  pike,  2  c  (ill.,  511).  Sea 
pike,  511,  1  a. 

Pike,  name  of  ten  counties,  XIII.  511. 

Pike,  Albert,  American  writer,  XIII.  512. 

Pike,  Zebulon  Montgomery,  soldier,  XIII.  512. 

Pike’s  Peak,  Rocky  mountains,  XIII.  512. 

Pikesville,  county  seat,  II.  708,  1  a. 

Piketon,  county  seat,  XIII.  511,  2  b. 

Pikerille,  county  seat,  XI.  168,  2  b. 

Pilaster,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  b. 

Pilate,  Pontius,  Roman  governor,  XIII.  513. 

Pilatka  :  see  Palatka  (Index). 

Pildtre  de  Eozier  [pe-latr’  diih  ro-ze-a],  (Fran¬ 
cois,  1756-’85),  first  aeronaut,  1. 146,  1  b,  2  a. 

Pilatus,  Mt.  [pe-la'-toos],  Switzerland,  XIII. 
513,  1  c ;  X.  703,  2  c. 

Pilchard,  fish,  XIII.  513  (ill.);  XIV.  631,  2  b. 

Pilcomayo  [peel-ko-ma'-yo],  South  American 
river,  XIII.  513. 

Pile,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Piles  :  see  Haemorrhoids. 

Pile  threads,  of  velvet,  XVI.  287,  1  c. 

Pile  worm :  see  Snip  Worm. 

Pi'leus,  ancient  cap,  VIII.  509,  2  a. 

Pileus,  of  fungi,  VII.  529,  1  c. 

Pilgrim  fathers,  at  Leyden,  X.  393,  1  ab  ;  re¬ 
ferred  to,  XIV.  45,-  2  c.  See  Plymouth, 
and  Massachusetts,  XI.  257,  1  b. 

“  Pilgrim  Society  of  St.  Krishana,"  for  Abys¬ 
sinian  missions,  XI.  648,  1  c. 

Pilgrimage,  XIII.  513.  Pilgrimages  to  Pales¬ 
tine,  2  c ;  to  European  shrines,  514,  2  a, 
Oriental  pilgrimages,  515,  1  c. 

Pilica  [pe-le'-tsa],  river  of  Poland,  XIII.  643, 1  c. 

Pillar  in  church  of  St.  John,  Constantinople 
(ill.),  I.  662. 

Pillar  plate,  in  a  lever  watch,  IV.  703,  2  c. 


GOO 


PILLAR 


PINGUICULA 


Pillar  saints ,  pillarists ,  XV.  434,  1  c. 

Pillar  system  of  mining,  V.  70,  1  c. 

Pillars  of  Hercules  :  see  Gibraltar,  VII. 
800,  2  c  ;  Calpe  ;  and  VIII.  679,  2  c. 

Pillau  [pil'-low],  town  of  Prussia,  XIII.  515. 

Pillnitz,  village  of  Saxony,  XIII.  515. 

Pillory,  instrument  of  punishment,  XIII.  516 

(m.). 

Pillow,  Gideon  Johnson,  American  soldier, 
XIII.  516.  See  Fort  Donelson. 

Pillwort ,  aquatic  plant,  referred  to,  X.  744, 1  b. 

Pilnitz  :  see  Pillnitz. 

Pilosty'les  Thurberi  (botany),  XIV.  167,  1  he. 

Pilot,  XIII.  516. 

Pilot  Fisn,  XIII.  516  (ill.,  517). 

Pilot  Hill,  county  seat,  VII.  524,  2  b. 

Pilot  Knob  :  see  Iron  Mountain,  IX.  405,  2  a. 

Pilot  Mountain  :  see  Ararat,  I.  633,  2  a. 

Pilot  weed,  plant,  XV.  46,  2  a. 

Piloty,  Karl  Theodor  von  [pe'-lo-te],  German 
painter,  XIII.  517.  Ferdinand,  painter,  1  c. 

Pilpay  :  see  Bidpay. 

Pils,  Isidore  Alexandre  Augustin  [peelss], 
French  painter,  XIII.  517. 

Pilsen  [pil'-zen],  city  of  Bohemia,  XIII.  517. 

Pilsenetz  [pil'-zeh-nets],  village,  XIII.  517,  2  ab. 

Pilularia  (botany),  referred  to,  X.  744,  1  b. 

Pilum,  Roman  weapon,  I.  742,  2  b. 

Pim,  Bedford  Capperton  Trevylian,  English 
naval  officer,  XIII.  517. 

Pima  [pe'-ma],  county,  XIII.  517. 

Pimap'terus  (ichthyology),  IV.  109,  2  c. 

Pimas,  family  of  Indians,  XIII.  518. 

Pime'lea  (botany),  referred  to,  II.  287,  1  b. 

Pimelo'dus  (ichthyology),  IV.  109,  1  c.  P. 
atrarius,  2  a  (ill.)*  P-  nigricans  and  other 
species,  2  c,  If. 

Pimento  :  see  Allspice,  I.  337,  1  c. 

Pimos  :  see  Pimas,  and  IV.  791,  2  b. 

Pimpernel,  plant,  XIII.  518  (ill.). 

Pimpinella  (botany),  I.  527,  2  be.  P.  anisum, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Pin,  XIII.  518.  Pin-making  machines,  519, 
1  c.  Methods  of  manufacture,  2  ab.  Stick¬ 
ing  machines,  520,  1  ab. 

Pinakothek  [pe-na-ko-tek'j,  picture  gallery  of 
Munich,  XII.  42,  2  c. 

Pinang  :  see  Penang. 

Pinang,  palm,  XIII.  17,  2  a. 

Pinchbeck,  alloy,  III.  213,  2  ab.  Supposed 
inventor  of,  XIV.  470,  2  c. 

Pinching ,  in  pruning,  XIV.  42,  2  c. 

Pincian  hill,  Rome,  XIV.  414,  2  c.  (See 
plan,  402.) 


Pinckney,  family  of  South  Carolina,  XIII. 

520.  Charles  Cotesworth,  2  ab.  Thomas, 

521,  1  ab.  Charles,  1  c. 

Pinckneya  :  see  Georgia  Bark. 

Pinckney ville,  county  seat,  XIII.  311,  2  c. 
Pindar,  Greek  poet,  XIII.  521. 

Pindar,  a  name  of  the  peanut,  XIII.  210,  1  b. 
Pindar,  the  Polish ,  so  styled,  X.  37,  1  b. 
Pindarries,  Hindoo  marauders,  IX.  210,  2  c. 
Pindemonte,  Ippolito  [pin-da-mon'-ta],  Italian 
poet,  XIII.  522.  Giovanni,  1  be. 

Pindus,  mountain  range  of  Greece,  XIII.  522 ; 

VIII.  186,  1  be;  XVI.  56,  1  be. 

Pine,  tree,  XIII.  522.  Botanical  description,* 
2  a  (ill.).  Species  of  the  Atlantic  states,  523, 
1  c.  White  or  Weymouth  pine,  ib.  (ill.). 
Southern  yellow  pine,  524,  1  a.  Old-field 
pine,  2  a.  Pitch  pine,  2  b.  Short-leaved 
yellow  pine,  2  c.  Red  pine,  525,  1  a.  Scrub 
pines,  &c.,  1  b. — Western  pines,  2  a.  Sugar 
pine,  2  c  (cone,  ill.).  Great-hooked  or  Coul¬ 
ter’s  pine,  526,  1  be  (cone,  ill.).  Sabine’s  or 
nut  pine,  1  c.  Western  yellow  pine,  2  c 
(ill.).  Hew  Mexican  nut  pine,  527, 1  a  (cone, 
ill.,  526). — Extra- American  cultivated  pines, 
ib.  Scotch  pine,  1  be  (cone,  ill.),  &c. — Prop¬ 
agation,  2  a. — Kauri  pine,  XII.  410,  1  c; 
Totara,  2  a. 

Pine,  county,  XIII.  527. 

Pineapple,  fruit,  XIII.  527  (ill.,  528).  Flower, 
528,  1  b  (ill.).  Trade  in  pineapples,  2  a. 
Varieties,  2  b.  Pineapple  goods,  529,  1  a. 
Pine  barrens,  XIII.  524,  1  ab. 

Pine  Bluff,  county  seat,  IX.  587,  1  b. 

Pineal  body  [pin'-e-al],  of  the  brain,  III.  191, 1  c. 
Pinel,  Philippe  [pe-nSl],  French  physician, 
XIII.  529.  See  Insanity,  IX.  298,  1  a.  His 
theory  of  disease,  opposition  to :  see  Brous- 

SAIS. 

Pine  Level ,  county  seat,  XI.  90,  1  b. 

Pine  marten,  animal,  XI.  205,  1  a  (ill.) ;  XIV. 
508,  2  ab. 

Pinerolo  [pe-na-ro'-lo],  city  of  Italy,  XIII.  529. 
Pines,  Isle  of,  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  XIII.  529. 

In  the  South  Pacific,  2  c. 

Pine  Snake,  XIII.  530. 

Pineta  [pe-na'-ta],  pine  forest,  XIV.  219,  2  be. 
Pineville,  county  seat,  X.  778,  1  c. 

Piney  dammar,  resin,  V.  313,  1  c. 

Pin  grass,  kind  of  geranium,  VII.  733,  2  b  (ill.). 
Pingre,  Alexandre  Gui  [pang-gra],  French  as¬ 
tronomer,  XIII.  530. 

Pinguic'ula,  genus  of  plants,  XIII.  530.  P. 
vulgaris,  1  c  (ill.).  Insectivorous,  2  a. 


PINICOLA 


PISA 


601 


Pinic'ola  Canadensis  (ornithology),  VIII.  264, 
1  a.  P.  enucleator,  1  c. 

Pinion ,  of  a  wheel,  XVI.  591,  2  a.  Of  a  clock 
or  watch,  IV.  699,  2  c;  centre  pinion,  700, 
1  b  ;  cannon  pinion,  ib. 

Pink,  plant,  XIII.  530.  Sweet  William,  or 
bunch  pink,  531,  1  a  (ill.,  530).  Florist’s 
pink,  2  be  (ill.).  Clove  pink,  1  c.  Picotee 
pink,  2  b  (ill.).  Carnation  pink,  2  b  (ill.). 
China  pink,  532,  1  a  (ill.,  531).  Mule  pinks, 
531,  2  c.  Indian  pink,  &c. :  see  Pinkroot. 

Pinkerton,  John,  Scottish  author,  XIII.  532. 

“  Pink  of  my  Johnf  plant,  XVI.  363,  1  a. 

Pink-gill,  mushroom,  XII.  71,  1  be. 

Pinkney,  William,  American  lawyer  and  diplo¬ 
matist,  XIII.  532.  Edward  Coate,  poet,  2  b. 

Pinkroot,  plant,  XIII.  532  (ill.,  533). 

Pin  machine ,  for  making  lace,  X.  79,  2  b. 

Pinna ,  shell  fish,  III.  513,  1  ab,  b.  P.  nobilis, 
XV.  40,  1  b. 

Pinnately  veined  (leaf),  X.  264,  2  b  (ill.). 

Pinna  Vestina :  see  Civita  di  Penne. 

Pinnigrades,  a  division  of  mammals,  XIII. 
533;  IV.  10,  2  b. 

Pinnoth'  cres  ostre'um  (zoology),  V.  450,  1  c. 

Pinole  [pe-no'-la],  food,  XI.  43,  2  be. 

Pinones  [pe-nyo'-nace],  pine  seeds,  XIII.  527, 1  a. 

Pinos  Altos  [pe'-noce  al'-toce],  county  seat, 
VIII.  155,  2  c. 

Pintado  [pin-tu/-do] :  see  Guinea  Fowl. 

Pinto ,  species  of  leprosy,  VIII.  299,  2  c. 

Pinto,  Mendez :  see  Mendez  Pinto. 

Pinto  de  Fonseca  :  see  Chaves,  Marquis  of. 

Pinturicchio,  Bernardino  [pin-too-reek'-kyo], 
Italian  painter,  XIII.  533. 

Pinus  (botany),  XIII.  522,  1  c.  P.  cedrus, 
IV.  164,  2  c.  P.  deodara,  ib.  P.  Douglasii, 
III.  606,  1  c.  P.  brachyptera,  ib.  P.  Coul- 
teri  (P.  macrocarpa),  XIII.  526,  1  c  (ill.). 
P.  edulis,  527,  1  a;  III.  606,  2  a.  P.  Lam- 
bertiana,  1  c  ;  XIII.  525,  2  c.  (ill.).  P.  pon- 
derosa,  526,  2  c  (ill.).  P.  strobus,  523,  1  c 
(ill.).  P.  sylvestris,  527,  1  b  (ill.).  See 
Pine  for  other  species. 

Pin  Worm,  XIII.  533;  I.  804,  1  a. 

Pin'zon  [Sp.  peen-thoan'],  Spanish  family  of 
navigators,  XIII.  533.  Martin  Alonso,  2  c. 
Vicente  Yafiez,  534, 1  b.  Francisco  Martin, 
1  c.  See  Columbus. 

Pioche  [pe-o'-cha],  county  seat,  X.  488,  1  c. 

Piombino  [pyome-be'-no],  town  of  Italy,  XIII. 
534.  Princess  of,  III.  25,  2  be. 

Piombo,  Fra  Sebastiano  del,  painter,  XIII.  534. 

Pi'ony :  see  P^eony. 


Pioph'ila  (entomology),  VII.  295,  2  b.  P. 

casei,  1  c  (ills.) ;  VI.  130,  1  be. 

Piorry,  Pierre  Adolphe  [pyor-re],  French  phy¬ 
sician,  XIII.  534. 

Piotrkow  [pyotr'-kov],  government  of  Russia, 
XIII.  535.  Capital,  1  a. 

Pioz'zi,  Hester  Lynch  [It.  pyot'-se],  English 
authoress,  XIII.  535.  See  Johnson,  Samuel, 
IX.  666,  2  a. 

Pipa  (zoology),  XV.  778,  2  c.  P.  Americana, 
779,  1  b  (ill.) ;  I.  438,  1  b. 

Pipe,  organ :  see  Pipes  (Index). 

Pipe,  Tobacco,  XIII.  535. 

Pipe  Fish,  XIII.  536  (ill.).  Serrated,  2  be  (ill.). 

Method  of  incubation,  VII.  239,  2  a. 

Pipe  tree :  see  Lilac,  X.  468,  1  be. 

Piper  (botany),  XIII.  279,  2  be.  P.  betle,  II. 
593  (ill.).  P.  cubeba,  V.  555,  2  c  (ill.,  556). 
P.  mythisticum,  VII.  110,  2  a.  P.  nigrum, 
XIII.  279,  2  a  (ill.).  P.  trioicum,  280,  2  a. 
Piper  bird,  XVI.  109,  2  c. 

Piper  of  Hameln,  VIII.  411,  2  c. 

Pipera'cece  (botany),  III.  761,  1  a. 

Pipes ,  of  organs,  XII.  689,  1  c ;  74,  1  c,  ff. 

Reed  pipes,  689,  2  ab;  74,  2  b. 

Pipestone,  county,  XIII.  537. 

Pip'ilo  erythrophthal'mus  (ornithology),  IV. 
394,  1  b. 

Pip' it,  bird,  XV.  774,  1  c. 

Pippi  :  see  Giulio  Romano. 

Pi'pra  pare’ ola  (ornithology),  XI.  88,  1  b. 
Pips,  of  lily  of  the  valley,  X.  474,  1  a. 
Pipsis'sewa  :  see  Chimapiiila. 

Piqua  [pe'-kwa],  city  of  Ohio,  XIII.  537. 
Piquet  [pe-ket';  Fr.  pe-ka],  game  of  cards, 
XIII.  537.  Piquet  pack,  VI.  384,  2  ab. 
Piracy,  XIII.  538.  Legal  definitions  of,  1  c. 
Procedure  against,  2  a.  In  the  United  States, 
2  b,  ff.  Slave  trade  declared  piracy,  539,  1  b. 
Phle'us,  port  of  Athens,  XIII.  539 ;  II.  59, 1  be. 
Piranesi,  Giovanni  Battista  [pe-ra-na'-ze], 
Italian  engraver,  XIII.  539. 

Piranha  [pe-ra'-nya],  fish,  III.  226,  1  a. 
Piranhas,  river  of  Brazil,  XIV.  342,  1  ab. 
Pire'ne ,  fountain,  V.  353,  1  a.  City  of,  ib. 
Pirithous  [pi-rith'-o-us],  mythical,  X.  161,  2  c. 
Pirmasens  [peer'-ma-zence],  Bavaria,  XIII.  539. 
Pirna  [peer'-na],  Saxony,  XIII.  539. 

Piron,  Alexis  [pe-rong],  French  dramatist,  XIII. 

539.  Marie  Th6rese  Quenaudon,  his  wife, 

540,  1  b. 

'  » 

Pi'sa,  town  of  ancient  Greece,  XIII.  540. 

Pisa  [pe'-za],  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  540. 
Capital  city,  2  ab.  Cathedral,  baptistery, 


602 


PISACANE 


PITT 


and  leaning  tower,  2  b  (ill.);  leaning  tower, 

III.  661,  2  a.  Campo  Santo,  XIII.  541,  1  a; 

IV.  187,  2  be.  History,  XIII.  541,  1  ab. 
Council  of  Pisa,  V.  268,  1  be. 

Pisacane ,  Col.  [pe-za-ka'-na],  (Carlo,  duke  of 
San  Giovanni,  born  1823),  insurgent  leader, 
IX.  452,  1  c. 

Pisan  calculation ,  of  the  civil  year,  III.  580, 1  a. 
Pisano,  Nicola  [pe-za'-no],  Italian  sculptor, 
XIII.  541.  Giovanni,  architect,  2  b.  An¬ 
drea  :  see  Andrea  Pisano. 

Pisa'tis ,  district  of  Greece,  VI.  529,1  be,  c. 
Pisaurum :  see  Pesaro. 

Piscat'aqua,  river  of  New  England,  XIII.  541. 
Piscataquis,  county,  XIII.  541. 

Pisciculture  :  see  Fish  Culture. 

Piscina,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  382,  2  b,  c.  Syn- 
onyme  for  baptistery,  292,  la.  A  basin  in 
the  chancel,  IV.  253,  2  b. 

Pise,  Charles  Constantine,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XIII.  542. 

Pisoah,  mountain  of  Palestine,  XIII.  542. 
Pishtak'a ,  river,  VII.  363,  2  a. 

Pisidia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  542. 
Pisis'tratus,  tyrant  of  Athens,  XIII.  543  ;  II. 

55,  2  a ;  I.  263,  2  c,  264,  1  a.. 

Pisseleu,  Anne  de  [pees-luh] :  see  Etampes, 
Duchess  d’. 

Pista'cia  (botany),  XIII.  543,  1  c.  P.  vera, 
ib.  P.  terebinthus,  2  c.  P.  lentiscus,  ib. 
(ill.);  XI.  265,  2  c  (ill.). 

Pistachio  [pis-ta'-sho],  tree  and  nut,  XIII.  543 
(ill.). 

Pistil ,  of  plants,  XIII.  585,  1  b,  2  a  (ills.) ; 
557,  1  c;  590,  1  c. 

Pistillidia ,  of  liverworts,  X.  542,  1  c. 

Pistoja,  or  Pistoia  [pis-to'-ya],  city  of  Italy, 
XIII.  543.  Synod  at,  XVI.  106,  2  a. 

Pistol,  XIII.  544.  Early  pistols,  2  a  (ills.). 
Delvigne’s  pistol,  2  c  (ill.).  Colt’s  revolver, 

545,  1  a  (ill.);  Lefaucheux’s,  1  c;  Smith  and 
Wesson’s,  2  ab  (ill.);  Eemington,  2  b  (ill.). 
Annual  production  of  revolvers,  2  c.  U.  S. 
cavalry  pistol,  cartridge,  and  ball,  ib. ;  navy, 

546,  1  a.  Origin  of  the  name,  I.  745,  2  a. 
Pistole,  gold  coin,  XIII.  546. 

Pistorium :  see  Pistoja. 

Pisum  sativum  (botany),  XIII.  201,  1  c  (ill.). 
P.  arvense,  202,  1  a. 

Pita  [pe'-ta],  vegetable  fibre,  VIII.  633,  2  b. 
Pita  flax,  I.  180,  1  c.  Pita  plant,  III.  665, 
2  b  ;  XVI.  800,  1  a. 

Pitaval,  Francois  Gayot  de  [pe-tii-val],  French 
author,  XIII.  546. 


Pitcairn ,  Major  (John),  X.  389,  1  be ;  III. 
437,  1  b. 

Pitcairn  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  XIII.  546. 
Mutineers  of  the  Bounty,  1  c. 

Pitch,  XIII.  546.  Pitch  knot,  524,  1  c ;  wood, 
2  be.  Burgundy  pitch,  547,  1  a;  spurious, 
lab.  Canada  pitch,  1  b.  Coal-tar  pitch,  1  be. 

Pitch  of  a  saw ,  XIV.  651,  2  b. 

Pitch  of  sound ,  in  the  musical  scale,  XV.  175, 
1  be,  184,  2  c;  XII.  73,  2  be;  I.  70,  1  a. 
Pitch  of  tone,  XII.  77,  2  b.  Pitch  pipe,  XIV. 
242,  1  c. 

Pitcher  Plants,  XIII.  547.  Traveller’s  tree, 

1  c.  Northern  pitcher  plant,  2  be  (ill.) ; 
California,  548,  2  b  (ill.) ;  Venezuela,  549,  1  a 
(ill.);  Australian,  1  c  (ill.).  Nepenthes,  2  c 
(ill.,  550).  Insectivorous,  550,  2  a.  Pitcher 
plants  referred  to,  IX.  310,  1  be;  X.  267, 1  c ; 
III.  104,  1  c. 

Pith,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  579,  1  c.  Of  a  feather, 
VII.  104,  1  a. 

Pithecia  (zoology),  XI.  751,  2  c.  P.  satanas, 
chiropotes,  and  melanocephala,  ib.  P.  leu- 
cocephala,  752,  1  a. 

Pithe'cus  (zoology),  XII.  667,  2  a ;  I.  580,  2  b. 
P.  satyrus,  XII.  667,  2  a  (ill.).  P.  Wurmbii, 
ib.  P.  Abelii  or  bicolor,  669,  1  a.  P.  morio, 
ib.  P.  antiquus,  XI.  753,  1  c. 

Pithour,  supposed  ruins  of,  II.  483,  1  b. 

Pitkin,  Timothy,  American  historian,  XIII.  550. 

Pitman,  Isaac,  inventor  of  phonography,  XIII. 
551.  Benn,  459,*  2  b;  459,  2  a;  461,  1  c. 

Pitra,  Jean  Baptiste  [pe-tra],  French  cardinal, 
XIII.  551. 

Pitt,  county,  XIII.  551. 

Pitt,  William,  first  earl  of  Chatham,  English 
statesman,  XIII.  551.  Opposition  to  Wal¬ 
pole’s  ministry,  2  ab.  Secretary  of  state,  and 
virtually  prime  minister,  2  c.  Military  suc¬ 
cesses  and  commercial  prosperity,  ib.  Lord 
privy  seal,  552, 1  ab.  Elevation  to  the  peer¬ 
age  and  decline  in  popular  favor,  1  ab.  Op¬ 
position  to  the  stamp  act  and  other  measures 
affecting  the  American  colonies,  1  a,  b.  Last 
appearance  in  public,  1  c. — William,  his  son, 
statesman,  2  a.  Parliamentary  career,  2  b, 
ff.  Prime  minister,  553,  1  a.  Plan  for  re¬ 
deeming  the  national  debt,  1  be.  War  with 
France,  2  ab.  Domestic  policy,  2  b.  Legis¬ 
lative  union  of  Ireland  with  Great  Britain, 

2  be.  Retirement  from  office,  2  c ;  recalled, 
ib.  Disappointments  and  death,  554,  1  a. 

Pitt  diamond ,  XIII.  551,  2  a. 

Pitt  and  Newcastle  ministry ,  VII.  706,  2  b. 


PITTACIAN 


PLANETS 


603 


Pittacian  land ,  XIII.  554,  1  b. 

Pittacus,  one  of  the  seven  wise  men,  XIII.  554. 
Pitti  palace,  gallery  of  the,  VII.  276,  1  ah. 
Pitt  river ,  California,  XIV.  511,  2  a. 

Pittsboro ,  county  seats,  III.  583, 1  b ;  IV.  336, 1  c. 
Pittsburgh,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  554 
(view).  Population,  2  a.  Description,  2  b. 
Intercommunication,  2  c.  Shipping  business, 
555,  2  a ;  manufacturing,  1  c,  ff.  Charitable 
and  educational  institutions,  556, 1  b.  Church¬ 
es,  2  a.  History,  2  ab. 

Pittsburgh  Landing,  Battle  of :  see  SniLon, 
and  VIII.  15V,  2  c. 

Pittsfield,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XIII.  557. 
Pittsfield ,  county  seat,  XIII.  512,  1  b. 
Pittston,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  557. 
Pittsylvania,  county,  XIII.  557'. 

Pittsylvania  C.  H.,  county  seat,  XIII.  557,  2  b. 
Pitwitary  body ,  of  the  brain,  III.  191,  2  b. 
Pitu'ophis  melanoleucus  (zoology),  XIII.  530, 1  a. 
Pityri'asis  versicolor ,  skin  disease,  VI.  687,  1  c 
(ill.)  ;  689,  2  a. 

Pityusa:  see  Lampsacus,  and  Miletus. 

Piura  [pu'-ra],  city  of  Peru,  XIII.  557. 

Pius,  name  of  nine  popes,  XIII.  557.  I.,  Saint, 
2  c.  II.,  iEneas  Sylvius  Piccolomini,  558, 
1  a.  IV.,  Gianangelo  de’  Medici,  2  a.  V., 
Saint  (Michele  Ghislieri),  2  c ;  XIV.  325, 
1  ab.  VI.,  Gianangelo  Braschi,  XIII.  559, 

1  c ;  XV.  660,  2  b.  VII.,  Barnaba  Luigi 
Chiaramonti,  XIII.  560,  1  a.  IX.,  Giovanni 
Maria  Mastai-Ferretti,  2  c  (died  1878). 

Piute',  county,  XIII.  565. 

Pi-Utes  ;  see  Utes. 

Pixies:  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  b. 

Pixis,  Theodor  Ludwig  August,  German  paint¬ 
er,  XIII.  565. 

Piyutim  [pe-yoo-teem'],  (plural  of  piyut  or 
pijut ),  in  Hebrew  literature,  VIII.  596,  1  a. 
Pizar'ro,  Francisco  [Sp.  pe-thar'-ro],  Spanish 
adventurer,  XIII.  565.  His  cruelty,  XI.  97, 

2  a.  Gonzalo,  XIII.  566,  1  b.  Hernando, 

1  c.  Juan,  referred  to,  I.  400,  2  a. 
Placenta,  in  anatomy:  see  Embryology,  VI. 

564,  2  a,  and  Obstetrics,  XII.  569,  2  c,  570, 

2  c.  Placenta  of  pistil,  in  botany,  XIII. 
587,  2  b. 

Placental  murmur,  in  auscultation,  II.  126, 1  a. 
Placentia  :  see  Piacenza,  XIII.  487,  1  c,  2  a. 
Placer  [plas'-er ;  Sp.  pla-sair'],  XIII.  566. 
Placerville ,  county  seat,  VI.  496,  2  be. 
Placidia ,  Galla ,  Roman  princess,  II.  51,  1  a 
(married  to  Ataulphus)  ;  V.  279, 1  be ;  XVI. 
564,  1  c.  (Died  450  or  451.) 


Placita  [plas'-e-ta],  of  Roman  emperors,  IV. 
620,  2  c. 

Placita  [pla-se'-ta],  county  seat,  X.  488,  1  c. 

Placoids,  fishes,  XIII.  566 ;«  V.  183,  2  b. 

Plactia,  meetings  of  Frankish  tribes,  IV.  247, 2  a. 

Placuna  (ichthyology),  XII.  773,  2  a.  P.  pla¬ 
centa,  ib.  P.  sella,  ib. 

Plagiochila  macros' toma  [pla-je-o-ki'-la],  liver¬ 
wort  (ill.),  X.  543. 

Plagiostomes  [pla'-je-o-stomes],  fishes,  XIII. 
566;  XIV.  826,  1  c. 

Plague,  XIII.  567 ;  VII.  164,  2  be.  Plague 
of  Athens,  VIII.  192,  1  c. 

Plaice:  see  Flounder,  VII.  287,  1  a. 

Plaid  [plad],  highland  garment,  XIV.  700,  2  a. 

Plain,  the:  see  Palestine,  XIII.  5,  2  b. 

Plain  of  Malpais,  IX.  686,  1  b. 

Plain  ruling  machine ,  for  bank-note  engra¬ 
ving,  VI.  655,  2  a. 

Plainfield,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XIII.  568. 

Plains  of  Abraham :  see  Abraham,  heights  of 
(Index). 

Plan,  in  ship  building,  XIV.  862,  1  b. 

Plan  of  Ay utla  [a-yoot'-la],  I.  372,  2  a. 

Plan  of  Iguala  [e-gwa'-la],  IX.  472,  1  ab. 

Plana,  Giovanni  Antonio  Amadeo  de,  baron 
[pla'-na],  Italian  astronomer,  XIII.  568. 

Planarians,  family  of  worms,  XIII.  568  (ill.). 

Planasia :  see  Lerins. 

Planche,  James  Robinson  [plang-sha/],  English 
author,  XIII.  568. 

Planche,  Jean  Baptiste  Gustave  [plangsh], 
French  critic,  XIII.  568. 

Plancher,  in  architecture,  I.  657,  1  b. 

Plane  of  polarization,  of  light,  X.  446,  1  a. 

Plane  polarized  light,  X.  447,  2  a. 

Plane  of  projection,  in  drawing,  VI.  251,  1  a. 

Plane  table,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  423,  2  c. 

Planer,  in  printing,  XIII.  851,  2  a. 

Planera  aquatica  (botany),  VI.  552,  1  a. 

Planer  Tree  :  see  Elm,  VI.  552,  1  a. 

Planet,  XIII.  568.  Scale  of  the  parts  of  the 
planetary  system,  569,  1  b.  Spherical  do¬ 
main  of  a  planet,  2  be.  Rotation  periods, 
571,  1  a.  Orbital  motions,  1  c. 

Planeta,  vestment,  IV.  332,  1  ab. 

Planetarium,  XII.  711,  1  c;  IX.  98,  1  be. 

Planetary  system,  constitution  of  the,  X.  379, 
1  c,  2  ab. 

Plane  Tree,  XIII.  572.  American,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
California,  2  ab  (ill.).  Oriental  plane  tree 
(valley  of  Buyukdere),  age  of,  I.  184,  1  b. 

Planets,  superior,  XI.  191,  1  a;  primary,  XIII. 
569,  1  be ;  of  ancient  astronomy,  1  a. 


604 


PLANH 


PLATINOUS 


Planh^  in  Provencal  poetry,  XIV.  40,  1  c. 
Planim'etry ,  in  geometry,  VII.  700,  1  a. 
Planing  Machine,  XIII.  573. 

Planishing:  see  Saw,  XIV.  651,  2  a. 

Plant,  XIII.  573.  Development  of  the  lower 
plants,  2  b  (ills.).  Germination  and  growth 
from  tire  seed,  574,  2  a.  The  root,  576,  1  c. 
The  stem,  2  c.  The  leaf,  578,  1  a.  Internal 
structure,  1  b  (ills.).  Growth  of  dicotyledo¬ 
nous  stems,  579,  1  b  (ills.) :  see  575,  2  c. 
Monocotyledonous  stems,  580,  2  a  (ills.) :  see 
575,  2  c.  Epidermal  tissue,  581,  1  a.  Phys¬ 
iology  of  plants,  1  b ;  relation  to  animals, 
582,  1  c.  Movement  of  liquids  in  plants,  2  c. 
Automatic  movements  and  irritability,  583, 
2  a.  Propagation  by  division,  2  c.  Inflores¬ 
cence,  584,  1  c.  Structure  of  the  flower,  2  c 
(ills.,  585);  floral  envelopes,  586,  1  b;  or¬ 
gans,  2  c.  The  ovule  and  fertilization,  587, 
2  c.  Morphology  of  the  flower,  588,  1  b. 
Double  flowers,  589,  2  c.  The  fruit,  590, 

1  c.  The  seed,  591,  2  b.  Classification  of 
plants,  592, 1  c.  Plant  distribution,  593,  1  a 
(chart  of).  See  Plants  (Index). 

Plantagenet  [plan-taj'-e-net],  surname  of  a 
royal  family  of  England,  XIII.  594. 
Planta'go  (botany),  XIII.  594,  2  ab.  P.  major, 

2  b  (ill.,  595).  P.  lanceolata,  2  c.  P.  Vir¬ 
ginia,  595,  1  b.  P.  Patagonica,  ib.  P.  de- 
cumbens,  1  be. 

Plantain,  weed-like  plant,  XIII.  594.  Com¬ 
mon,  2  b  (ill.,  595).  Rib  grass,  2  c.  Ameri¬ 
can  species,  595,  1  b. — A  fruit,  2  a. 
Plantain  Eater,  bird,  XIII.  595.  Senegal, 
2  b'  (ill.).  American,  2  c. 

Plant  bug ,  VIII.  629,  2  b. 

Plant  Cutter,  bird,  XIII.  596  (ill.). 
Plantigrades,  division  of  mammals,  XIII.  596  ; 

VI.  107,  2  a;  IV.  10,  2  b. 

Plant  Louse:  see  Aphis.  Fecundity  of,  IX. 
313,  1  be. 

Plants ,  elements  of,  1. 193,  2  b;  organized  and 
unorganized  substance,  194,  2  c.  Formation 
of  wood,  218, 1  a.  Chemical  effects  of  their 
respiration,  II.  84,  2  a.  Natural  division  of, 

VII.  632,  2  a.  Migration  of,  IX.  44,  1  be. 
Metamorphosis  of,  Goethe’s  theory,  XII. 
210,  1  a.  Sexual  production,  XIII.  134, 1  c. 
Phosphorescence,  461,  2  c.  Age  of  plants 
and  trees,  I.  183,  2  c ;  of  trees,  how  com¬ 
puted,  184,  2  b.  See  Plant. 

Planu'des ,  Maximus  (Byzantine  ambassador  to 
Venice  1327,  editor  of  the  Greek  Anthology, 
author  of  works  on  theology,  natural  history, 


&c.),  life  of  iEsop  by,  I.  153,  1  b.  Arith¬ 
metic  of,  708,  1  ab. 

Plaquemines  [plak-meen'],  parish  of  Louisiana, 
XIII.  596. 

Plaquemines ,  county  seat,  IX.  142,  1  be. 
Plassey,  Battle  of :  see  Clive,  IV.  694,  1  c. 
Plasson :  see  Protoplasm,  XIV.  33,  2  c,  35, 2  c. 
Plaster ,  lead ,  VIII.  47,  2  ab. 

Plaster  of  Paris  :  see  Gypsum,  VIII.  358, 2  a, 
359,  1  ab.  In  fire-proof  safes, 573,  1  ab:  see 
Safe.  Hard  plaster,  359,  1  c  ;  soft,  ib. 
Plastic  corpuscles,  in  inflammation,  IX.  276,  2  a. 
Plastic  nature,  Cudworth’s  theory  of,  V.  560, 
1  ab. 

Plastids,  plastidules:  see  Protoplasm,  XIV. 
34,  2  be. 

Plata,  La :  see  Argentine  Republic. 

Plata,  Rio  de  la  [re'-o  da  la  pla'-ta],  river  of 
South  America,  XIII.  596. 

Plat^e'a,  or  Platseae,  city  of  Boeotia,  XIII.  597. 

Battle  of,  VIII.  190,  2  b. 

Plata'lea  (ornithology),  XV.  285,  1  c.  P.  leu- 
corodia,  286,  1  a  (ill.,  285). 

Platale'idce,  family  of  birds,  XV.  285,  1  c. 
Platanista  Gangetica  (ichthyology),  XV.  167, 

1  b  (ill.). 

Plat'anus  (botany),  XIII.  572,  1  a.  P.  occi¬ 
dentals,  1  c  (ill.).  P.  racemosus,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Plate,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Plateau  [pla-to'J :  see  Mountain,  XII.  8,  1  a. 
Plateau  du  Goteau  du  Missouri,  X.  575,  1  b. 
Plateau  du  coteau  des prairies,  XIII.  802, 1  c. 
Plated  Ware,  XIII.  598.  French  plating,  1  ab ; 
English  (true  plating),  ib.  Electro-plating, 

2  ab ;  VII.  600,  1  a. 

Plat'emys  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  b. 

Plat'en,  of  printing  press,  XIII.  852,  1  b. 
Platen,  August,  count  [pla'-ten],  German  poet, 

XIII.  598. 

Plater,  Thomas  [pla'-ter],  mediaeval  university 
bacchant,  autobiography  of,  II.  193,  1  b. 
Platessa  (ichthyology),  VII.  286,  2  a.  P.  plana, 
ib.  (ill.).  P.  ferruginea,  &c.,  2  b.  P.  vul¬ 
garis,  287,  1  a.  P.  flesus,  ib.  (ill.).  P.  li- 
manda,  1  b. 

Platform,  of  a  political  party,  IV.  136,  1  a. 
Platform  scale,  XVI.  537,  1  be. 

Plate,  Johann  Heinrich  [plat],  German  sino¬ 
logue,  XIII.  598. 

Plating ,  French,  XIII.  598,  1  b.  English  meth¬ 
od  (true  plating),  ib. 

Platinic  chloride,  XIII.  600,  1  be. 
Platinosochlorides ,  XIII.  600,  1  be. 

Platinous  chloride ,  XIII.  600,  1  b. 


PLATINUM 


PLEURAPOPHYSES 


605 


Plat'inum,  metal,  XIII.  598.  Discovery  and 
sources  of,  2  c,  ff.  Extraction  of,  599,  1  b. 
Properties,  2  ab.  Compounds,  600,  1  ab. 

Platinum  retort:  see  Sulphuric  Acid,  XV. 
459,  2  c  (ill.,  460). 

Platirostra  (ichthyology),  XV.  432,  2  a. 

Plato,  Greek  philosopher,  XIII.  600.  Ilis 
writings,  601,  1  b.  His  philosophy,  2  c ; 
437,  2  c.  Dialectics,  601,  2  c.  Physics,  603, 
1  a ;  theory  of  the  ether,  VI.  746, 1  b.  Ethics, 
XIII.  603,  1  c ;  XI.  808,  2  a,  c.  Tendency 
to  a  trinity  of  doctrines,  XIII.  604, 1  a.  Spirit 
of  his  writings,  ib.  Translations  of  them, 
1  b.  His  Republic,  XV.  139,  2  b.  See  Po¬ 
litical  Economy,  XIII.  664,  2  c.  Dissuaded 
from  burning  the  works  of  Democritus,  IV. 
684,  1  be. 

Platoff,  Matvei  Ivanovitch,  count  [pla'-tof], 
Russian  general,  XIII.  604 ;  II.  93,  1  b. 

Pla'ton  Levshin',  Russian  prelate  and  his¬ 
torian,  XIII.  604. 

Platonic  academy  of  Cosmo ,  VII.  665,  2  be. 

Platonic  or  great  year :  see  Firmament. 

Platt ,  Sir  Hugh ,  on  farming,  I.  203,  1  b. 

Platt-Deutsch  [plat'-doitsh],  modern  Low  Ger¬ 
man,  VII.  740,  1  b. 

Platte,  two  counties,  XIII.  605. 

Platte  City ,  county  seat,  XIII.  605,  1  ab. 

Platte  county  defensive  association ,  IX.  753, 2  ab. 

Platte  River:  see  Nebraska,  XII.  194,  2  be. 

Plattsburgh,  town  of  New  York,  XIII.  605. 

Plattsburgh ,  county  seat,  IV.  686,  1  a. 

Plattsmouth ,  county  seat,  IV.  59,  2  a. 

Platycercus  (ornithology),  XIII.  123,  1  c.  P. 
eximius,  2  a. 

Platyce'rium  gran'de  (botany),  (ill.),  VII.  151,  2. 

Platydac’  tylus  (zoology),  VII.  656,  2  c.  P. 
guttatus,  657,  1  b  (ill.),  &c. 

Platypeltis  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  a. 

Plat'ypus  :  see  Ornithorhynchus,  XII.  709, 
1  c.  Duck-billed  platypus,  ib. 

Platyrrhini  (zoology),  XI.  750,  2  a,  753,  1  c. 

Platysma  myoides  (anatomy),  VIII.  825,  2  b. 
Referred  to,  II.  738,  1  a. 

Plauen  [plow'-en],  town  of  Saxony,  XIII.  605. 

Plautus,  Titus  Maccius,  Roman  dramatist, 
XIII.  605. 

u  Player's  card,”  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  ab. 

Playfair,  John,  Scottish  natural  philosopher, 
XIII.  606. 

Playfair,  Lyon,  English  chemist,  XIII.  606. 

Playing  \ possum ,  XII.  652,  1  c. 

Plaza  de  toros  [pla'-tha  da  to'-roce],  III.  426, 
1  b ;  of  Madrid,  X.  836,  2  a. 


Pleading,  in  law,  XIII.  606.  Special  plead¬ 
ing,  2  b;  method  of,  607,  1  c.  Necessity 
of  reform,  608,  1  b.  New  YTork  code,  2  a. 
Pleasant  Hill ,  county  seat,  XIV.  565,  2  a. 
Pleasants,  county,  XIII.  608. 

Pleasonton ,  county  seat,  II.  50,  2  c. 
Plebe'ians,  class  of  Roman  citizens,  XIII.  608. 
Laws  respecting  them,  609,  1  a,  ff.  Seces¬ 
sion  of  the,  XIV.  403,  1  c. 

Plebis'citum,  in  Roman  law,  XIII.  609 ;  IV. 
619,  1  a,  2  a. 

Plectroph’ anes  (ornithology),  III.  440,  1  b.  P. 

nivalis,  ib.  P.  Lapponicus,  ib.  (ill.). 
Plectropteri’ nee  (ornithology),  VIII.  104,  2  c. 
Plectrop’terus  (ornithology),  VIII.  104,  2  c. 
Plectruda ,  wife  of  Pepin  of  Heristal,  XIII. 
278,  1  c ;  IV.  284,  1  a. 

Plectrum ,  X.  760,  1  ab.  Plectra,  XIII.  488, 1  a. 
Pledge :  see  Pawn,  and  Pawnbroker. 

Plegios  de  prosequendo ,  de  retorno  habendo ,  legal 
pledges,  XIV.  272,  2  b. 

Pleiad ,  the  [ple'-yad],  association  of  French 
poets,  XIV.  419,  2  c. 

Pleiades  [ple'-ya-deez],  group  of  stars,  XIII. 

609.  Great  year  of  the,  II.  43,  2  c. 
Pleiocene  :  see  Pliocene. 

Pleio’tus  auri'tus  (zoology),  II.  377,  2  b  (ill.). 
Pleistocene  epoch  [plice'-to-seen],  XIII.  613,  2  c. 
Plenary  indulgence ,  IX.  256,  2  c. 

Plenum ,  allusion  to  the  doctrine  of  in  natural 
philosophy,  II.  325,  1  c. 

Pleoch'  roism,  in  crystallography,  V.  539,  1  b. 
Ple'odont  :  see  Lizard,  X.  551,  1  ab. 
Pleom'eter ,  instrument  for  measuring  a  ship’s 
velocity,  XIII.  306,  2  be. 

Pleonaste ,  precious  stone,  XV.  271,  2  b. 

Piero' ma,  in  the  Gnostic  system,  VIII.  52,  2  c. 
Plesiosaurus,  extinct  marine  reptile,  XIII. 
609.  P.  dolichodeirus,  2  c  (ill.).  Skeleton 
of  (ill.),  610. 

Pleskov  :  see  Pskov. 

Pies' off,  Russian  grand  chancellor,  I.  293,  2  c. 
Plessis,  Joseph  Octave  [pla-se],  Canadian  bish¬ 
op,  XIII.  610. 

Plessis-Marly,  Seigneur  du  :  see  Moenay. 
PuETno :  see  Gemistus. 

Pleth'odon  (zoology),  XIV.  558,  1  ab. 

Plethron,  Greek  land  measure,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Pleti  [pleh'-te],  Russian  scourge  for  criminals, 
X.  31,  1  be. 

Pleura,  membrane,  XIII.  610;  X.  722,  1  b; 

I.  462,  1  c.  See  Chest,  XVI.  387,  2  a. 
Pleural  cavity,  XIII.  610,  2  be. 
Pleurapoph'yses  (anatomy),  XIII.  425,  1  a. 


606 


PLEURISY 


PNEUMATIC 


Pleueisy,  disease,  XIII.  610.  Treatment  of 
acute  pleurisy,  611,  2  b ;  of  chronic,  2  c. 
Latent  pleurisy,  612,  1  ab. 

Pleueisy  Root  :  see  Milkweed,  XI.  546,  1  c. 

Pleurobrachia  (zoology),  Y.  543,  1  a  (ill.). 

Pleuronec'tes  (ichthyology),  XYI.  45,  2  c. 

Pleueo-Pneumonia  :  see  Mueeain,  XII.  58,  2  c. 

Pleurosthot' onos ,  spasmodic  disease,  XV.666,2  a. 

Pleyel,  Ignaz  [pli'-el;  Fr.3*pla-yel],  German 
composer,  XIII.  612.  Joseph  Ltienne  Ca¬ 
mille,  French  composer,  1  b.  Marie  Felicite, 
pianist,  ib. 

Plica  Polonica,  disease,  XIII.  612.  P.  cau- 
data,  2  a.' 

Pliniana ,  villa,  Y.  171,  1  c. 

Plin'y  the  Eldee,  Roman  author,  XIII.  612. 
His  Historia  Naturalis,  613,  1  be;  Y.  606, 
1  a  ;  X.  197,  1  b.  On  botany,  III.  131,  2  ab  ; 
classification  of  reptiles,  YIII.  692, 1  c  ;  min¬ 
erals,  XI.  589,  1  a ;  iron,  uses  and  manufac¬ 
ture  of,  IX.  390,  1  a.  Place  of  his  death, 
IY.  68,  2  c. — Pliny  the  Younger,  XIII.  613, 
1  c.  Correspondence  with  Trajan,  2  ab ; 
discoverer  of,  YII.  818,  1  be. 

Pliocene,  geological  epoch,  XIII.  613. 

Pliosaurus ,  extinct  marine  reptile,  XIII.  610, 1  b. 

Plocaria  tenax  (botany),  I.  299,  2  c. 

Ploce'us  (ornithology),  XYI.  522,  1  ab.  P. 
pensilis,  1  c  (ill.). 

Plock  [plotsk],  government  of  Russia,  XIII. 
614.  Capital,  1  c. 

Plockhuest,  Bernhard  [pluk'-hoorst],  German 
painter,  XIII.  614. 

Plombieees  [pl6ng-byair],  French  watering  place, 
XIII.  614. 

Plon-plon  [pl6ng-plong],  nickname,  III.  29,  2  a. 

Ploti'nus,  Neo-Platonic  philosopher,  XIII.  614. 
See  Philosophy,  439,  1  ab  ;  Moeal  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XI.  810,  2  be;  and  Neo-Platonism. 

Plotus  (ornithology),  Y.  692,  1  a.  P.  anhinga, 

1  c  (ill.),  &c. 

Plotzk :  see  Plock. 

Plough,  XIII.  615.  Ancient  ploughs,  1  ab 
(ills.).  Roman  plough,  I.  201,  2  ab.  Mod¬ 
ern  ploughs,  XIII.  615,  2  c.  The  most  ap¬ 
proved,  616, 1  ab  (ill.).  Steam  ploughs,  2  be, 
ff. ;  steam  draining  apparatus,  617,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
Hinsdale’s  ploughing  engine,  1  c  (ills.). 

Plovee  [pluv'-er],  bird,  XIII.  617.  Golden 
plover,  618,  1  c  (ill.);  "Wilson’s,  2  a;  ring, 

2  b;  piping,  2  c;  European  ring,  619,  1  a; 
black-bellied,  1  b;  upland,  1  c  (ill.).  Dot¬ 
terel,  618,  2  a.  Spur-winged  plover :  see 
Ceocodile,  Y.  496,  2  a. 


Plowden,  Edmund,  English  lawyer,  XIII.  619. 
Plowden ,  Walter ,  consul,  I.  46,  2  b,  c. 

“ Plucked”  in  university  examinations,  XII. 
766,  1  b. 

Plum,  tree  and  fruit,  XIII.  619.  Beach  plum, 

620,  1  a ;  wild  yellow  or  red,  1  b ;  Chicka¬ 
saw,  1  c.  European  plum,  2  a.  Green  gage, 
2  b  (ill.).  Quetsche,  or  German  prune,  621, 
1  c  (ill.).  Black  wart,  1  a.  Plum  weevil,  ib. 

Plumage  of  birds :  see  Feathees. 

Plumas,  county,  XIII.  621. 

Plumbago  :  see  Geaphite. 

Plumbic  acetate ,  I,  61,  2  ab.  See  Lead,  X. 

246,  1  a.  •  .*— • 

Plumbum  cinereum ,  alchemical,  II.  666,  2  c. 
Plum'ee,  William,  American  politician,  XIII. 

621. 

Plumee,  William  Swan,  clergyman,  XIII.  621. 
Plumptee,  Edward  Hayes,  English  clergyman, 
XIII.  622. 

Plumule ,  of  the  young  plant,  XIII.  575,  1  a. 
Plhm  weevil ,  XIII.  621,  1  a;  Y.  581,  2  a. 
Plunket,  William  Conyngham,  baron,  Irish 
lawyer,  XIII.  622. 

Plutaech,  Greek  writer,  XIII.  622.  His  opin¬ 
ion  of  the  Epicurean  philosophy,  438,  2  b. 
Pluto,  in  mythology,  XIII.  623. 

Pluton :  see  Plutus. 

Plutonian  or  iron  age ,  I.  185,  2  c. 

Plutonian  theory :  see  Centeal  Heat. 
Plutonium ,  cave,  YIII.  717,  2  c. 

Plutus,  in  mythology,  XIII.  623,  1  b. 

Plymley ,  Peter ,  pseudonyme,  XY.  121,  2  b. 
Plymouth  [plim'-uth],  two  counties,  XIII.  623. 
Plymouth,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XIII.  623. 
Plymouth  rock,  624,  1  a  (canopy  over,  ill., 
623)  ;  material  and  original  place,  III.  167, 1  b. 
Plymouth,  town  of  North  Carolina,  XIII.  624. 
Plymouth ,  county  seat,  XI.  198,  2  c. 
Plymouth,  seaport  of  England,  XIII.  624. 

Guildhall,  625, 1  a  (ill.).  Cottonian  library,  ib. 
Plymouth  breakwater,  III.  236,  2  b  (ill.). 
Plymouth  Beetheen,  Christian  denomination, 
XIII.  625. 

Plymouth  Centre,  county  seat,  XIII.  623,  2  a. 
Plymouth  colony,  XI.  257,  2  c. 

Plymouth  company  for  colonizing  America , 
XVI.  150,  1  c. 

Plymouth  Dock  (Devonport),  YI.  58,  2  c. 
Pneumatic  Despatch,  XIII.  626 ;  629,  2  b. 
Pneumatic  lift,  Y.  73,  2  b. 

Pneumatic  power,  for  organs,  XII.  690,  1  c. 
Pneumatic  pump,  double,  XIII.  626,  1  ab. 
Pneumatic  Railway,  XIII.  627. 


PNEUMATIC 


POINT 


607 


Pneumatic  stop,  of  reed  instruments,  XIV. 
243,  2  a. 

Pneumatics,  XIII.  628 ;  XII.  690,  2  a.  Dis¬ 
tinguishing  characteristic  of  aeriform  bodies, 
XIII.  628, 1  b.  Atmospheric  pressure,  2  ab. 
First  pneumatic  law  (Boyle’s  and  Mariotte’s), 
2  b ;  second  (of  Dalton  and  Gay-Lussac), 
2  be ;  modifications  of^2  c,  ff.  Table  of  den¬ 
sities,  pressures,  &c.,  629,  1  be.  Velocity  of 
liquids  flowing  from  an  orifice,  2  a.  Papin’s 
pneumatic  despatch,  2  b.  Blowing  tube 
(trompe),  ib . ;  II.  746,  2  be ;  I.  116,  2  c. 

Pneumonia,  XIII:  629.  Symptoms,  630,  1  a,  ff. 

^Treatment,  2  c.  Chronic  pneumonia,  ib. 
Latent  pneumonia  of  old  people,  IX*  275, 
2  c.  Tuberculous,  cheesy,  chronic,  lobular, 
or  catarrhal  pneumonia :  see  Consumption, 
V.  282,  2  a. 

Pnyx ,  hilhin  Athens,  II.  59,  2  b ;  VI.  385,  2  b. 

Po,  river  of  Italy,  XIII.  631. 

Po'a  (botany),  VIII.  166,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  praten- 
sis,  168, 1  a  (ill.,  167).  Other  species,  1  be. 

Poaching  :  see  Game  Laws. 

Pocahontas,  two  counties,  XIII.  631. 

Pocahontas ,  county  seat,  XIV.  199,  1  c. 

Pocahontas,  Indian  princess,  XIII.  631.  Ab¬ 
duction  of,  I.  683,  2  c ;  XIII.  631,  2  b.  Mar¬ 
riage  of,  ib. ;  XVI.  150,  2  a. 

Pockets ,  of  anthracite,  I.  550,  1  c  ;  X.  254,  1  a. 

Po'cock,  Edward,  English  orientalist,  XIII.  632. 

Pooocke,  Richard,  traveller,  XIII.  632. 

Pod ,  of  musk,  XII.  94,  2  b. 

Pod'ager  (ornithology),  VIII.  59,  1  ab. 

Pod' agr  a ,  disease,  VIII.  132,  2  a. 

Podestd  [po-des-ta/],  Italian  magistrate,  VII. 
277, 1  c ;  676,  2  be.  *  A 

Pod'iceps  (Ornithology),  VIII.  184,  2  b.  P. 
cristatus,  2  c  (ill.,  185).  P.  griseigina,  &c., 
185,  1  b. 

Podiebrad,  George  [pod-yeh'-brad],  king  of 
Bohemia,  XIII.  632. 

Podilymbus  (ornithology),  VIII.  185,  1  c.  P. 
podiceps  (P.  Carolinensis),  2  a. 

Podiscus  Rogerii  (diatomacese),  VI.  85,  1  be. 

Podiso'ma ,  fungus,  VII.  533,  1  a. 

Podlachia  [pod-la'-ke-a] :  see  Siedloe. 

Podoc'nemys  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  b,  be. 

Podol:  see  Kiev,  IX.  830,  1  b. 

Podolia,  government  of  Russia,  XIII.  633. 

Podophylline  [pod-o-fiT-lin],  XIII.  633,  2  be. 

Podophyllum,  genus  of  plants,  XIII.  633.  P. 
peltatum,  1  c  (ill.) ;  XI.  101,  2  be. 

Poe,  Edgar  Allan,  American  author,  XIII.  633  ; 
XVI.  196,  1  c,  198,  1  c. 


Po'e  Bird,  XIII.  635. 

Pcecilop'tera  (crustacea),  IX.  838,  2  b. 

Pcecilop'oda  (crustacea),  IX.  838,  2  be. 

Po'e  dog ,  VI.  181,  2  a. 

Poena,  blood  money,  II.  738,  1  c ;  penalty,  XV. 
435,  2  a. 

Poeph'agus  grun'niens  (zoology),  XVI.  762,  1  c 
(ill.).  ,  •„  -v  *  ’ 

Poerio,  Carlo,  baron  [po-a'-re-o],  Italian  patriot, 
XIII.  635.  Alessandro,  poet,  2  b. 

Poet  Laureate,  XIII.  635.  Origin  of  the 
term,  X.  208,  2  ab. 

Poetry,  XIII.  636. 

Poey,  Felipe  [po-a'-e],  Cuban  naturalist,  XIII. 
636.  Andres,  meteorologist,  2  b. 

Poggendorff,  Johann  Christian,  German  nat¬ 
ural  philosopher,  XIII.  637.  (Died  1877.) 
i  See  Galvanism,  VII.  587,  2  be. 

Poggio  Bracciolini,  Giovanni  Francesco  [pod'- 
jo  brat-cho-le'-ne],  Italian  scholar,  XIII.  637. 

Poggy  Islands  :  see  Nassau  Islands. 

Pogod'in,  Mikhail  Petrovitch,  Russian  histo¬ 
rian,  XIII.  637. 

Poindexter,  George,  American  politician, 
XIII.  637. 

Pogona'tus,  surname,  V.  272,  1  b. 

Pogonornis  cincta  (ornithology),  XIII.  635,  1  c. 

Pogoste'mon  (botany),  XIII.  157,  2  b.  P. 
patchouly,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pohlik,  Indians,  X.  22,  1  b. 

Poi,  a  kind  of  food,  III.  562,  1  c. 

Poictiers:  see  Poitiers. 

Po'ik  cavern ,  near  Adelsberg,  I.  114,  1  c. 

IToa^,  blood  money,  II.  738,  1  c. 

Poinsett,  county,  XIII.  637. 

Poinsett,  Joel  Roberts,  American  statesman, 
XIII.  637. 

Poinsettia  (botany),  XIII.  585,  2  c ;  590,  1  be 

Point,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Point ,  of  a  boil,  II.  792,  1  c. 

Point ,  in  stock  dealing,  XV.  388,  2  ab. 

Point ,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  1  be. 

Point  d  la  Hache  [a  la  hash ;  Fr.  pwang  ta  1& 
ash],  county  seat,  XIII.  596,  2  b. 

Point  a  V aiguille  [la-ghey’J,  lace,  X.  78,  1  b. 

Point  P  Alengon  [pwang  da-lang-song],  lace,  X. 
78,  2  c ;  I.  272,  2  c. 

Point  of  application :  see  Mechanics,  XI. 
321,  1  c. 

Point  Breeze,  residence  of  Joseph  Bonaparte, 
III.  31,  1  ab. 

Point  Comfort,  Old,  Virginia,  XIII.  637. 

Point  de  Galle  [de  gal;  Fr.  pwang  diih  gal], 
town  of  Ceylon,  XIII.  638. 


608 


POINTE-A-PITRE 


POLIANTHES 


Pointe-a-Pitre  [pwang-ta-peetr’],  city  of  Gua¬ 
deloupe,  XIII.  638. 

Pointe  Coupee  [point  koo-pe';  Fr.  pwangt  koo- 
pa],  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIII.  638.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  a. 

Pointer,  dog,  XIII.  638  (ill.);  IX.  11,  2  a. 

Pointers ,  in  the  Great  Bear,  II.  420,  2  a. 

Pointis  [pwang-te],  buccaneer,  III.  376,  1  b. 
(Jean  Bernard  Louis  Desjean,  baron  de 
Pointis,  1645-1707,  French  naval  command¬ 
er,  aided  by  the  buccaneers.) 

Point  Levi  :  see  Levis. 

Point  net ,  in  lace  making,  X.  80,  1  a. 

Point  no  Point ,  treaty  of  with  the  Clallams, 
IV.  629,  1  ab. 

Point  Pleasant ,  county  seat,  XI.  239,  2  b. 

Point  of  view,  of  a  picture,  VI.  251,  1  a. 

Poirson,  Auguste  Simon  Jean  Chrysostome 
[pwar-song],  French  historian,  XIII.  638. 

Poison,  XIII.  639.  Poisonous  substances,  1  ab. 
Chronic  poisoning,  2  a.  Accidental  or  crim¬ 
inal  poisoning,  2  b.  Antidotes  for  snake 
bites,  640,  1  a.  See  Antidotes,  and  Medi¬ 
cal  Jurisprudence,  XI.  341,  2  a. — Poison¬ 
ing  by  hydrochloric  acid,  how  neutralized, 
IX.  109,  2  c;  by  hydrocyanic  acid,  110,  2  c. 
Lead  poisoning,  X.  246,  1  be,  ff. 

Poison  dogwood ,  XV.  462,  2  c. 

Poison  elder,  XV.  462,  2  c. 

Poison  Ivy  :  see  Sumach,  XV.  462,  2  b  (ill.). 

Poison  oak :  see  Sumach,  XV.  462,  2  b. 

Poisson,  Sim6on  Denis  [pwa-song],  French  ma¬ 
thematician,  XIII.  640.  On  central  heat, 
IV.  25,  1  c,  2  ab.  Poisson’s  law  of  storms, 
IX.  81,  1  b. 

Poisson  Pavril  [da-vreel],  April  fool,  I.  606,  2  b. 

Poissy  [pwa-se],  (on  the  Seine,  10  m.  X.  W.  of 
Versailles),  conference  at  (in  1561),  XIV. 
247,  2  b. 

Poitevin  [pwat-vang],  photo-lithographic  pro¬ 
cess  of,  X.  528,  2  b. 

Poitevin,  Auguste,  French  sculptor,  XIII.  640. 

Poitevin,  Prosper,  lexicographer,  XIII.  640. 

Poitiers  [pwa-tya],  town  of  France,  XIII.  640. 
Battle  of,  2  b ;  IX.  650,  1  c. 

Poitiers,  Diana  of :  see  Diana. 

Poitou  [pwa-too],  ancient  province  of  France, 
XIII.  640.  Colic  of,  origin  of  the  name,  X. 
246,  2  ab. 

Poitrel,  piece  of  horse  armor,  I.  734,  1  a. 

Pokanokets  :  see  Massachusetts  Indians. 

Poke,  plant,  XIII.  641  (ill.).  Indian  poke, 
2  b ;  VIII.  621,  2  c. 

Poker,  game  of  cards,  XIII.  641. 


Pola,  seaport  of  Austria,  XIII.  643. 

Polabs :  see  Wends,  XVI.  552,  2  c. 

Poland,  Kingdom  of,  XIII.  643.  Description, 

1  be.  Inhabitants,  2  be.  Industries,  2  c. 
History,  644,  1  ab.  First  partition,  647, 

2  a ;  second,  2  c ;  third,  648,  1  ab.  Insur¬ 
rection  of  1830,  2  a;  of  1846,  649,  1  b;  of 
1863,  2  b. 

Poland,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XIII.  650. 
Poland  chicken,  IV.  783,  2  a  (ill.). 

Polar  Circles,  XIII.  652. 

Polar  Clock,  XIII.  652  (ill.). 

Polar  current  (ocean),  II.  73, 1  c,  2  a ;  75,  2  c ; 
77,  1  c,  2  b,  c. 

Polar  force ,  of  nerves,  XII.  236,  1  b. 

Polaris,  the,  exploring  steamer,  VIII.  397,  1  c. 
Polariscope,  of  Malus,  X.  447,  1  c  (ill.). 
Polarity :  see  Magnetism,  XI.  5,  1  c.  Of 
nerves :  see  Polar  force  (Index). 
Polarization:  see  Light,  X.  445,  1  b.  Of 
the  electric  medium,  VI.  503,  1  a. 

Polarizer,  X.  446,  2  be. 

Polarizing  angle ,  X.  446,  1  a. 

Polarizing  apparatus,  of  a  microscope,  XI. 
520,  1  be. 

Polar  plant ,  XV.  46,  2  a. 

Polar  Seas,  XIII.  653.  Arctic  ocean,  1  c. 
Open  polar  sea,  654,  1  a.  Currents,  2  ab. 
Regions  of  greatest  cold,  655,  1  ab.  Fauna, 
1  b.  Recent  explorations,  2  a ;  Swedish  ex¬ 
pedition,  2  c;  Austrian,  656,  1  ab  (map,  654). 
See  Arctic  Discovery. — Antarctic  ocean, 
657,  1  b.  See  Antarctic  Discovery. 
Polders,  tracts  in  the  Netherlands,  I.  577,  1  c ; 
VI.  242,  1  b,  c. 

Poldrons,  in  armor,  I.  732,  2  c. 

Pole,  analogous :  see  Thermo-Electricity,  XV. 

697,  2  b.  Antilogous,  ib. 

Pole,  Reginald,  English  cardinal,  XIII.  658. 

“ Pole-burn ,”  to:  see  Tobacco,  XV.  782,  1  a. 
Polecat,  animal,  XIII.  658  (ill.). 

Polemarch  [pob-e-mark],  Athenian  officer,  I. 

666,  2  c;  II.  55,  2  b  ;  XV.  449,  2  b. 
Pol'emo,  Greek  philosopher,  XIII.  658.  Geog¬ 
rapher,  2  c.  Two  kings  of  Pontus,  659, 
1  a,  ab. 

Poles :  see  Equator,  VI.  699,  1  be. 

Polevoi,  Nicolai  Alexeyevitch  [po-l&h-voi'j, 
Russian  author,  XIII.  659.  Xenophon  Alex¬ 
eyevitch,  1  c.  Katarina  Alexeyevna  Avde- 
yeff,  2  a.  Petr,  ib. 

Poli,  Giuseppe  Saverio,  Italian  naturalist, 
XIII.  659. 

Polian'thes:  see  Tuberose,  XVI.  21,  2  a  (ill.). 


POLIARS 


POLYGAMY 


609 


Poliars ,  degrade!  class  in  Malabar,  XI.  47,  2  ab. 

Police,  XIII.  659.  In  ancient  Rome,  2  b.  In 
France,  2  c:  see  Paris,  87,  2  be.  In  Eng¬ 
land,  660,  2  b.  In  Scotland,  661,  2  c.  In 
Ireland,  ib.  In  the  United  States,  662,  1  a : 
see  New  York,  XII.  393,  1  c,  2  a. 

Policy ,  in  marine  insurance,  IX.  315,  2  ab  ; 
valued,  open  policy,  316,  1  ab,  318,  1  b. 
Difference  between  marine  and  fire  insu¬ 
rance  policies,  320,  1  a.  Life  insurance  poli¬ 
cies:  see  Life  Insurance.  Various  kinds 
of,  X.  432,  1  ab,  c,  434,  2  a. 

Polignac,  Jules  Auguste  Arm  and  Marie,  prince 
de  [puh-le-nyak],  French  statesman,  XIII. 
663;  IV.  289,  1  a.  Prince  Camille  Arm  and 
Jules  Marie,  XIII.  663,  2  c. 

Poling ,  of  lead,  X.  259,  2  c ;  of  tin,  XV.  763,  2  a. 

Polishers ,  of  the  stone  age,  VII.  196,  1  be. 

Polis'tes  nid'ulans  (entomology),  XVI.  493, 
2  c.  P.  fuscata,  494,  1  a  (ill.,  nest,  493). 

Politianus,  Angelus  :  see  Poliziano. 

Political  Economy,  XIII.  663.  Definitions, 
2  c.  In  ancient  times,  664,  1  c.  In  the 
middle  ages,  665,  2  b.  In  modern  times, 
2  c.  Early  English  writers,  666,  1  a;  later, 
667,  2  b;  David  Hume,  ib. ;  Sir  James 
Steuart,  668,  1  c;  Adam  Smith,  2  b;  Mal- 
thus’s  theory  of  population,  669,  2  a ;  his 
opponents  and  followers,  670,  1  a;  Ricar¬ 
do’s  theory  of  rent,  671,  2  b;  Nassau  W. 
Senior,  672,  2  a;  J.  S.  Mill,  673,  1  a ;  other 
leading  economists,  674,  1  a,  678,  1  a.  In 
France,  666,  2  b ;  Colbert,  ib. ;  the  pliysi- 
ocratists,  667,  1  be ;  Montesquieu,  2  b ;  J.  B. 
Say,  671,  1  a;  Frederic  Bastiat,  678,  1  b; 
other  writers,  ib.  In  Spain,  667,  2  a.  In 
Italy,  668,  1  c;  678,  2  a.  In  Germany,  678, 
1  c.  In  America,  674,  2  a;  Franklin,  ib. ; 
Henry  C.  Carey,  675,  1  c;  other  American 
writers,  677,  1  b,  c.  Books  of  reference, 
678,  1  be. 

Politician ,  the,  bird  so  called,  XVI.  369,  2  c. 

Poliziano,  Angelo  [po-le-tse-a'-no],  Italian 
poet,  XIII.  679 ;  IX.  460,  2  b. 

Polk,  name  of  twelve  counties,  XIII.  679. 

Polk,  James  Knox,  president  of  the  United 
States,  XIII.  680;  XVI.  168,  1  c. 

Polk,  Leonidas,  American  clergyman  and  gen¬ 
eral,  XIII.  681. 

Polka,  dance,  XIII.  681. 

Polko,  Elise,  German  novelist,  XIII.  681. 

Pollack,  fish,  XIII.  681  (ill.) ;  VIII.  368,  1  a. 

Pollanarru'a,  ruined  city  of  Ceylon,  XIII. 
682  (ill.). 

39 


Pollard,  coarse  flour,  XVI.  588,  1  c. 

Pollard,  county  seat,  VI.  723,  2  a. 

Pollards ,  coins,  XI.  738,  2  b. 

Pollen  :  see  Plant,  XIII.  585,  1  c ;  587,  1  b. 
Pollen  masses  in  milkweeds,  XI.  545,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  in  orchids,  XII.  672,  1  b  (ills.). 
Pollet,  Joseph  Michel  Ange  [pul -la],  French 
sculptor,  XIII.  682. 

Pollinia ,  pollen  mass,  XII.  672,  1  b ;  XIII. 
587,  1  b. 

Pollio,  Caius  Asinius,  Roman  general,  XIII. 
682. 

Pollnitz,  Karl  Ludwig  von,  baron,  German- 
French  writer,  XIII,  682. 

Pollock,  fish :  see  Pollack. 

Pollock,  Sir  George,  English  soldier,  XIII. 
683 ;  I.  161,  2  c.  Sir  Frederick,  jurist, 
XIII.  683,  1  c.  , 

Pollok,  Robert,  Scottish  author,  XIII.  683. 
Pollux  :  see  Castor  and  Pollux. 

Pollux,  mineral,  III.  545,  1  b. 

Pollux,  Julius,  Greek  grammarian,  XIII.  683. 

Byzantine  author,  2  b. 

Polo,  Marco,  Venetian  traveller,  XIII.  683. 
Polochique  [po-lo-che'-ka],  river,  VIII.  289,  2  b. 
Polonus,  Martinus  (=  Martin  the  Pole,  a  Do¬ 
minican  at  Rome,  archbishop  of  Gnesen 
1278),  chronicler:  see  Joan,  Pope. 

Polo'ny,  tree  so  called,  XIII.  179,  1  ab. 
Polotzk',  town  of  Russia,  XIII.  684. 

Poltava  [pol-ta'-va],  government  of  Russia, 
XIII.  684.  Capital  city,  2  c.  Defeat  of 
Charles  XII.  at,  IV.  305,  2  b-c. 

Polvan-Ata,  building  in  Khiva,  IX.  821,  2  c. 
Polyandrium,  monument,  XV.  701,  1  a. 
Polyandry :  see  Polygamy,  XIII.  686,  1  c. 
Polyanthus  :  see  Primrose,  XIII.  857,  2  be. 
Polybasite,  ore  of  silver,  XV.  50,  1  a. 
Polybius,  Greek  historian,  XIII.  685. 
Polyb'orus  tharus  (ornithology),  VI.  350,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Polycarp,  early  Christian  father,  XIII.  685. 
Pol'ychroism,  absorption  of  colors,  I.  38,  2  a. 
Polychroite ,  coloring  matter,  XIV.  517,  2  be. 
Polycle'tus,  Greek  sculptor,  XIII.  685 ;  XIV. 
719,  1  be. 

Polycrates  [po-lik'-ra-teez],  tyrant  of  Samos, 
XIII.  686. 

Polydec'tes ,  legendary  king,  XIII.  314,  1  a,  b. 
Polydore  Vergil  :  see  Vergil. 

Polyg'ala  (botany),  XV.  130,  1  a.  P.  senega, 
1  a  (ill.).  P.  polygama,  1  c.  P.  pauciflora,  ib. 
Polygalic  acid ,  XV.  130,  1  c. 

Polyg'amy,  XIII.  686.  See  Mormons,  XI.  835, 


61 0 


POLYGASTRICA 


POMPES 


2  b,  837,  1  c;  Young,  Brigham,  XVI.  795, 
2  a.  Polygamy  of  European  Jews  opposed : 
see  Gerson  ben  Judaii,  VII.  777,  1  c. 

Poly  gas'  trica,  animalcules,  I.  514,  2  c;  515,  1  a. 
Polygenic  elements  [po-lij'-e-nik],  II.  87,  2  a ; 
88,  2  a. 

Polyglot,  XIII.  687.  See  Bible,  II.  610,  2  c, 
611,  1  a. 

Polygno'tus,  Greek  painter,  XIII.  688 ;  XII. 
794,  1  c. 

Polygona'cece  (botany),  XIII.  688,  2  a. 
Polyg'onal  system ,  in  fortification,  VII.  329,  2  c; 
332,  2  a. 

Polygona'tum  (botany),  XV.  158,  1  be  (ill.). 
P.  giganteum,  &c.,  2  a. 

Polygons ,  in  the  bastioned  system  of  fortifica¬ 
tion,  VII.  330,  1  b. 

Polyg'onum,  genus  of  herbs,  XIII.  688.  P. 
amphibium,  &c.,  2  c.  P.  bistorta,  689,  1  a 
(ill.,  688).  P.  fagopyrum,  III.  391,  1  a  (ill.). 
P.  Tartaricum,  2  a. 

Poly'halite ,  mineral,  XIV.  573,  1  b. 
Polyhymnia,  in  mythology,  XIII.  689. 
Polymer'ic  substances ,  IX.  432,  1  ab. 

Polymnia :  see  Polyhymnia. 

Polymorphism ,  I.  334,  2  b  (Allotropism). 
Polynesia,  Pacific  islands,  XIII.  689.  See 
Malayo-Polynesian  Races  and  Languages. 
Polynia ,  Gulf  stream,  II.  76,  2  b. 

Polyni'ces  :  see  Eteocles,  CEdipus,  and  I. 
263,  2  a. 

Poly'odon  (ichthyology),  XV.  432,  1  c.  P.  fo¬ 
lium,  ib. 

Polyp,  radiated  animal,  XIII.  689.  See  Ac¬ 
tinia,  and  Coral. 

Polype' mon,  legendary  robber,  XIV.  26,  2  c. 
Polyphe'mus,  in  mythology,  XIII.  689 :  see 
Acis.  Cave  of,  I.  66,  2  b  (Aci  Reale). 
Polypi ,  of  Homer  and  Aristotle,  XII.  577,  1  b 
(Octopus). 

Polyp' ides,  XIII.  691,  1  a  (Polyzoa). 

Poliy plec' tr on  (ornithology),  XIII.  209,  1  b. 

P.  Thibetanum,  1  c  (ill.). 

Polypodia' cece  (botany),  VII.  150,  1  a. 
Polypodium  :  see  Ferns,  VII.  150,  2  a.  P. 
vulgare  (ilk),  1  a. 

Polyp' orus  (botany),  I.  173,  1  c;  VII.  530, 1  a, 
533,  2  be  (polypori).  P.  betulinus,  I.  173, 
1  c.  P.  igniarius,  2  a;  VII.  531,  1  b.  P. 
tuberaster,  530,  2  be.  P.  corylinus,  2  c.  P. 
fomentarius,  531,  1  b.  P.  destructor,  2  be. 
Polyp;terus  :  see  Gar  Fish,  VII.  621,  2  c, 
622,  1  c. 

Polypus,  morbid  growth,  XIII.  689. 


Polysperchon,  general  of  Alexander,  XIII.  690. 

Polytechnic  institution ,  London,  X.  605,  2  c. 

Polytechnic  schools ,  VI.  430,  2  c. 

Polytechnic  society ,  royal  Cornwall,  VII.  77, 1  a. 

Polythionic  acids,  XV.  457,  2  a. 

Polyx'ena,  Trojan  princess,  XIII.  690.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  I.  65,  1  a. 

Polyzo'a,  class  of  molluscoids,  XIII.  690. 

Pomade,  perfumed  ointment,  XIII.  289,  2  b. 

Pomare  [po-mA-ra],  king  and  queen  of  Tahiti, 
XV.  145,  1  ab,  If. 

Pomatum ,  original,  I.  600,  2  b. 

Pombal,  Dom  Sebastiao  Jose  de  Carvalho  e 
Mello,  marquis  of,  Portuguese  statesman, 
XIII.  691 ;  IX.  630,  2  c. 

Pome,  kind  of  fruit,  XIII.  591,  1  c. 

Pomegranate  [pum-gran'-it],  tree,  XIII.  691 
(ill.,  692).  Fruit,  692,  1  a  (ill.).  Uses,  2  a. 

Pomerania,  province  of  Prussia,  XIII.  692. 

Pomeranus  :  see  Bugenhagen. 

Pomeroy  [pum'-e-roi],  city  of  Ohio,  XIII.  693. 

Pomeroy ,  county  seat,  XI.  363,  1  b. 

Pomeroy  (Gen.  Seth,  died  1777),  at  Bunker  Hill 
(as  a  private),  III.  435,  2  c  ;  437,  1  c. 

Pomfret :  see  Pontefract. 

Pomfret,  countess  dowager  of,  contributions  to 
the  Arundelian  marbles,  I.  798,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Pomme  [pum],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Pommer  [pum'-mer] :  see  Bugenhagen. 

Pomo'na,  in  mythology,  XIII.  693. 

Pomona,  island :  see  Orkney  Islands,  XII. 
696,  1  b. 

Pomo'tis  vulga'ris  (ichthyology),  III.  239,  2  c 
(ill.,  240). 

Pompadour,  Jeanne  Antoinette  Poisson,  mar¬ 
chioness  de  [p5ng-pa-door],  mistress  of  Louis 
XV.,  XIII.  693 ;  X.  203,  2  b. 

Pompeii  [pom-pa'-ye],  ancient  city  of  Italy, 
XIII.  694.  Excavations  at,  1  c.  Street  of 
tombs,  2  b  (ill.,  696).  House  of  the  tragic 
poet,  695,  2  b  (ill.).  Works  of  art  discov¬ 
ered  in,  2  be  ;  696,  2  a.  Public  bath,  II.  382, 
1  c;  plan,  2  a  (ills.,  383).  Paintings  in,  how 
preserved,  XVI.  269,  1  ab. 

Pompeii  of  northern  Italy,  town  so  called, 
XIII.  487,  2  a. 

Pompeiian  school  of  art  [pom-pe'-yan],  so  called, 
VII.  776,  1  b. 

Pompe'ium ,  building  in  Athens,  II.  59,  2  a. 

Pompejanum  [pom-pa-ya'-noom],  in  Aschaffen- 
burg,  I.  804,  2  a. 

Pompelon :  see  Pamplona. 

Pompes  portatives  [pongp  por-ta-teev] :  see  Fire 
Engine,  VII.  210,  2  a. 


POMPEY 


POOR 


611 


Pompey  (Cneius  Pompeius  Magnus),  Roman 
general,  XIII.  696.  Superstition  of,  XII. 
626,  2  c.  War  with  Tigranes,  XV.  751,  2  ab. 
Villa  of,  I.  245,  1  c. — Cneius,  XIII.  698,  2  a. 
Sextus,  2  b. 

Pom'pholyx,  zinc  white,  XVI.  816, 2  ab  ;  818, 2  c. 
Pom’pilus  formo'sus  (entomology),  referred  to, 
XV.  571,  1  a. 

Pompion :  see  Pumpkin. 

Pomponius  Mela  :  see  Mela  (Index). 
Pomptine  Marshes  :  see  Pontine  Marshes. 
Ponca ,  county  seat,  VI.  162,  1  c. 

Poncas,  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  699. 

Ponce,  Pedro  [pone'-tha],  Spanish  Benedictine, 
XIII.  699.  See  Deaf  and  Dumb,  V.  730,  2  b. 
Ponce  de  Leon,  Juan  [da  la-oan'],  discoverer, 
XIII.  699;  II.  644,  2  ab;  XVI.  150,  1  a. 
Ponce  de  Leon,  Luis,  poet,  XIII.  699. 
Poncelet,  Jean  Victor  [pongs-la],  French  geo¬ 
metrician,  XIII.  700. 

Pond,  Enoch,  American  clergyman,  XIII.  700. 
Pond,  John,  English  astronomer,  XIII.  700. 
Pondicherry  [pon-de-sher'-e],  town  of  India, 
XIII.  700. 

Pond  Lily  :  see  Water  Lily,  XVI.  503,  1  be. 
Pongo  :  see  Orang-Outang,  XII.  667,  2  b. 
Poniatowski  [po-nya-tov'-ske],  Polish  family, 
XIII.  700.  Stanislaw,  701,  1  a.  Stanislaw 
August,  king  of  Poland,  ib. ;  647,  1  c ;  IV. 
Ill,  1  c,  2  c,  112,  2  a.  Jozef  Antoni,  prince, 
and  marshal  of  France,  XIII.  701,  1  ab. 
Joseph,  prince,  composer,  1  c.  Poniatow¬ 
ski  collection  of  antique  gems,  VII.  664,  1  ab. 
Pons,  Jean  Louis  [pdng],  French  astronomer, 
XIII.  701. 

Pons  Ailius,  bridge  at  Rome,  III.  270,  2  a.  P. 
Cestius,  ib.  P.  Fabricius,  1  c.  P.  Janiculi, 
2  a.  P.  Milvius,  ib.  P.  Palatinus  or  P. 
Senatorius,  ib.  (ilk).  P.  Triumph alis  or  P. 
Vaticanus,  1  c.  See  Rome,  XIV.  413,  2  b. 
Ponsard,  Francis  [pong-sar],  French  dramatist, 
XIII.  701. 

Pons  Drusi ,  citadel :  see  Botzen,  III.  146,  2  be. 
Ponson  du  Terrail,  Pierre  Alexis  de,  viscount 
[p6ng-song  du  tair-ray’],  French  novelist,  XIII. 
701. 

Pons  Varolii  (anatomy),  XVI.  269,  2  b. 

Ponta  Delgada,  town  of  the  Azores,  XIII.  701. 
Pont-a-Mousson  [pong-ta-moo-song],  town  of 
France,  XIII.  702. 

PoNTcnARTRAiN',  lake  of  Louisiana,  XIII.  702. 
Pont  du  Oard  [pong  dti  gar],  aqueduct,  I.  613, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Ponte,  Da :  see  Bassano,  and  Da  Ponte. 


Ponte  Corvo,  town  of  Italy,  XIII.  702.  Prin¬ 
cipality  of,  ib. ;  II.  571,  2  be,  572,  1  b. 

Ponte  di  Quattro  Capi ,  bridge  in  Rome,  XIV. 
413,  2  be.  P.  Rotto,  il(.  P.  San  Angelo, 
2  b  (ill.,  415)  ;  III.  270,  2  a.  P.  Sisto,  XIV. 
413,  2  be.  P.  di  Santa  Trinita,  at  Florence, 
VII.  274,  2  c.  P.  Vecchio,  275,  1  a. 
Pon'tefract,  town  of  England,  XIII.  702. 

Pontefract  lozenges,  X.  519,  2  a. 

Ponthieu,  count  de  [pong-te-uh],  (Charles  X.), 
IV.  289,  2  ab. 

Pontia  (entomology),  III.  498, 1  b.  P.  oleracea, 
1  c  ;  XVI.  76,  1  c  (ill.). 

Pontiac,  county,  XIII.  702. 

Pontiac,  city  of  Michigan,  XIII.  702. 

Pontiac ,  county  seat,  X.  545,  1  c. 

Pontiac,  Indian  chief,  XIII.  702. 

Pontic  dog  (beaver),  VII.  534,  1  c. 

Pontifex,  title  of  a  priest,  XIII.  703.  Ponti- 
fex  maximus,  1  be. 

Pontifical  States  :  see  Papal  States. 
Pontigny  [pong-te-nye],  village  of  France,  XIII. 

703.  Abbey,  1  c;  shrine,  2  a,  ab. 

Pontil ,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  14,  2  c. 

Pontine  Marshes,  Italy,  XIII.  703  ;  X.  202,  2  a. 
Pontmartin,  Armand  Augustin  Joseph  Marie 
de  [pong-mar-tang],  French  author,  XIII.  704. 
P ontoise  [pong-twaz],town  of  France,  XIII.  704. 
Ponton ,  Mungo  :  see  Lithography,  X.  528,  2  b. 
Pontoon' :  see  Bridge,  Military,  III.  277,  2  be. 

Pontoon  trains,  278,  1  c. 

Pontoppidan,  Erik,  Danish  author,  XIII.  704. 
Pontormo,  II,  Italian  painter,  XIII.  704. 
Pontotoc',  county,  XIII.  704.  Capital,  1  a. 
Pontus,  in  ancient  geography,  XIII.  704.  King¬ 
dom,  2  b. 

Pontus  Euxi'nus  :  see  Black  Sea,  II.  682,  2  ab. 

Supposed  origin  of  the  name,  2  c. 

Poocce'tes  (ornithology),  VII.  191,  2  b. 

Poodle,  dog,  XIII.  704  (ill.,  705). 

Pool ,  the ,  London,  X.  593,  2  ab ;  614,  1  be. 
Pool ,  the ,  summer  resort,  Maine,  II.  625,  1  a. 
Pool  of  HezeMah ,  X.  344,  2  c. 

Poole,  town  of  England,  XIII.  705. 

Poole,  John,  English  dramatist,  XIII.  705. 
Poole,  Matthew,  clergyman,  XIII.  705. 

Poole,  Paul  Falconer,  painter,  XIII.  705. 
Poonah,  town  of  India,  XIII.  705. 

Poor,  Daniel,  American  missionary,  XIII.  706. 
Poor,  Little  Sisters  of  the :  see  Sisterhoods, 
XV.  71,  1  be. 

Poor  of  Christ ,  anchorets,  I.  638,  2  b. 

Poor  Clares ,  order  of,  VII.  427,  1  a. 

Poor  Conrad ,  the ,  secret  league,  XIII.  215,  1  < 


612 


POOR 


PORSENA 


Poor  John ,  fish,  VIII.  385,  1  c. 

Poor  laws ,  modern ,  history  of,  XIII.  180,  2  be. 
Poor  man’s  weather  glass ,  plant,  XIII.  518,  2  c. 
Poor  Richard'' s  Almanac ,  Franklin’s,  I.  342, 
2  b  ;  VII.  437,  1  b. 

Poor  Robin's  Almanack ,  I.  341,  2  c;  342,  1  a. 
Poor  Soldiers  of  the  Holy  City  :  see  Templaes, 
XV.  634,  1  c. 

Popayan',  city  of  Colombia,  XIII.  706. 
Pop-corn ,  XI.  44,  1  a.  Rice  pop-corn,  42,  2  c. 
Pope,  three  counties,  XIII.  706. 

Pope,  ecclesiastical  title,  XIII.  706.  Table  of 
popes,  707,  1  a.  Temporal  sovereignty  of 
founded,  278,  2  b  ;  41,  1  be;  XV.  371,  2  ab. 
Supremacy  of  in  church  and  state  asserted, 
III.  66, 1  c.  See  Gallican  Chukch,  and  Ul- 
teamontanists.  Infallibility  of :  see  Infal¬ 
libility  (Index). 

Pope,  Alexander,  English  poet,  XIII.  707 ;  VI. 
639,  2  b.  His  praise  of  Johnson’s  Latin 
translation  of  the  “Messiah,”  IX.  663,  2  c. 
Controversy  with  Bentley  alluded  to,  II. 
540,  2  b.  “Pope  and  Bowles  controversy,” 
alluded  to,  III.  168,  1  ab. 

Pope,  John,  American  soldier,  XIII.  710.  See 
Bull  Run  (II.). 

Popham,  Andrew :  see  Buenet,  Thomas. 
Popish  Plot  :  see  Oates,  Titus,  and  IV.  283, 

1  b ;  XV.  301,  2  a. 

Poplae,  tree,  XIII.  711.  Cottonwood,  2  c  (ill.). 
American  aspen,  712,  1  b.  Balsam  poplar, 

2  a.  White  poplar,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  black,  713, 
1  a  ;  Lombardy,  1  b.  European  aspen,  1  be. 
So-called  poplar  :  see  Tulip  Teee,  XVI.  28, 
1  ab. 

Poplar  Bluff,  county  seat,  III.  489,  1  a. 
Popocatepetl',  volcano  of  Mexico,  XIII.  713  ; 
V.  346,  2  b. 

Popoffka ,  Russian  batteries,  IX.  387,  2  ab. 
Popolia  (Amphipolis),  I.  439,  1  b. 

Popped  a,  wife  of  Hero,  XII.  230,  2  be,  c  ;  231, 

1  ab.  See  Papia  lex  (Index). 

Poppelsdorf  villa  near  Bonn,  III.  69,  1  c. 
Poppets,  in  ship  launching,  XIV.  864,  1  a. 
Poppig,  Eduard,  German  naturalist,  XIII.  713. 
Popping  crease,  in  cricket,  V.  482,  1  b  (dia¬ 
gram). 

“  Popple ,”  tree,  XVI.  28,  1  ab. 

Poppy,  plant,  XIII.  713.  Opium  or  common 
poppy,  714,  1  c  (ill.).  Poppy  heads,  2  a. 
Sirup  of  poppies,  2  ab.  Field  or  corn  poppy, 

2  be  (ill.,  715).  Perennial  species,  715,  1  b. 
Horn  poppy,  1  c;  prickly,  ib.  California 
poppy,  2  a ;  tree,  2  b  ;  bear,  ib. 


“  Pops,"  of  peanuts,  XIII.  210,  2  c. 

Populine  [pop'-u-lin],  (chemistry),  XIII.  71 1, 2  c. 
Populus  (botany),  XIII.  711,  1  b.  P.  monili- 
fera,  2  c  (ill.).  P.  tremuloides,  712,  1  b. 
P.  balsamifera,  2  a ;  II.  247,  1  c.  P.  alba, 
XIII.  712,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  nigra,  713,  1  a.  P. 
dilatata,  &c.,  1  b. 

Poquelin ,  Jean  Baptiste  [puk-lang] :  see  Moli^ee. 
Poras :  see  Peuth. 

Poe'bus,  Frans,  Flemish  painter,  XIII.  715. 
Poecelain  :  see  Potteey  and  Poecelain.  Ori¬ 
gin  of  the  name,  XIII.  781,  2  a.  Reaumur’s, 
IV.  180,  2  be ;  XIV.  229,  1  b.* 

Porcelain  tower ,  at  Nanking,  XII.  130,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
790,  2  a. 

Porcellanians,  class  of  crabs,  V.  451,  1  be. 
Porc-epic  [por-ka-peek] :  see  Poecupine,  XIII. 
717,  2  b. 

Porcia ,  first  basilica  at  Rome,  II.  363,  2  a. 
Porcia ,  wife  of  Brutus,  III.  370,  1  ab,  b. 
Poecupine,  animal,  XIII.  715.  Canada  porcu¬ 
pine,  716,  1  c  (ill.).  Brazilian  tree  porcu¬ 
pine,  717,  1  b  (ill.).  Crested  porcupine,  2  a 
(ill.).  See  VIII.  606,  1  b. 

Poecupine  Ant-Eatee,  XIII.  717  (ill.,  718). 
Porcupine  wood,  IV.  790,  2  a. 

Poegy  [por'-ghe] :  see  Scuppaug. 

Poeisms,  in  geometry,  XIII.  718. 

Porite  (species  of  madrepore),  referred  to,  V. 
340,  2  ab. 

Pororocd' ,  tidal  flood,  I.  379,  2  ab. 

Poeosity,  XIII.  719  ;  V.  194,  2  c. 

Por'phyra  (botany),  I.  299,  1  be.  P.  vulgaris, 
VII.  248,  1  c  (ill.). 

Porphyr'io  (ornithology),  VII.  579,  2  b.  P. 

Martinica,  2  c  (ill.,  580). 

Porphyrit'ic  rocks,  XIII.  719,  1  be.  Porphy- 
ritic  granite,  ib. ;  VII.  114,  1  c. 
Porphyrogen' itus,  surname,  V.  272,  2  c. 
Porphyroxia,  narcotic,  referred  to,  XII.  650, 1  b. 
Porphyrula  (ornithology),  VII.  579,  2  b. 
Poephyey,  rock,  XIII.  719;  VII.  114,  1  c;  X. 

253,  2  c ;  XIV.  370,  2  be. 

Poephyey,  philosopher,  XIII.  719 ;  XII.  225, 
1  b.  On  logic,  X.  580,  1  be.  See  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  439,  1  b. 

Poepoise  [por'-pus],  cetacean  mammal,  XIII. 

719.  Common,  720,  1  b  (ill.).  American,  2  a. 
Poe'poea,  Nicold,  Italian  composer,  XIII.  720. 

See  Haydn,  VIII.  539,  2  a. 

Porri'go  favo'sa,  scalp  disease,  VI.  689,  1  b. 
Poese'na,  Lars,  legendary  king,  XIII.  720. 
See  Cloelia,  and  VI.  766, 1  c.  Labyrinthine 
tomb  of,  so  called,  X.  75,  1  c. 


PORSENNA 


PORTO 


613 


Porsenna :  see  Porsena. 

Porson,  Richard,  English  classical  scholar  and 
critic,  XIII.  721. 

Port ,  wine,  XIII.  745,  1  b,  c;  XI.  598,  2  c. 

“British  port,”  basis  of,  XY.  107,  1  be. 
Port ,  establishment  of  the:  see  Tides,  XY. 
738,  2  a.  Mean  or  corrected  establishment, 
741,  1  c.  Yulgar  establishment,  ib. 

Porta,  Baccio  della:  see  Bartolommeo,  Fra. 
Porta,  Giambattista  della,  Italian  natural  phi¬ 
losopher,  XIII.  721. 

Porta  Aurea,  gateway  of  Jerusalem,  IX.  615, 2  a. 
Porta  Aurea,  gate  of  Benevento,  II.  522,  1  a. 
Portaels,  Jean  Frangois  [por'-talss],  Flemish 
painter,  XIII.  721. 

Portage,  two  counties,  XIII.  721. 

Portage,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XIII.  722. 
Portage  falls,  in  the  Genesee,  YII.  666,  2  b. 
Aqueduct,  2  c. 

Portal  congestion,  YI.  266,  1  c. 

Portalis,  Jean  Etienne  Marie  [por-ta-leece], 
French  statesman,  XIII.  722.  Count  Joseph 
Marie,  statesman,  2  a. 

Porta  nigra ,  in  Treves,  XY.  861,  2  c  (ill.). 
Porta  Palatina,  at  Turin,  XYI.  53,  2  c  (ill.). 
Porta  Santa,  of  the  Lateran,  X.  183,  1  c. 
Port-au-Prince  [por-to-prangs],  capital  of  Hay- 
ti,  XIII.  722. 

Port  Austin ,  county  seat,  IX.  78,  1  c. 

Porta  Westphalica,  pass,  Germany,  XI.  569,  2  a. 
Port  Clinton,  county  seat,  XII.  732,  2  c. 
Portcullis,  falling  gate,  I.  663, 1  c ;  YII.  328, 2  b. 
Porte  Crayon,  pseudonyme,  XY.  426,  2  b. 
Port  Elizabeth,  Cape  Colony,  XIII.  722. 
Porte-lumiere  [port-1  ti-myair],  X Y.  248, 2  c  (ill.). 
Porteous,  John,  YI.  408, 1  a.  Porteous  mob,  ib. 
Porter,  malt  liquor :  see  Brewing,  III.  258, 
2  c,  and  II.  470,  1  a. 

Porter,  guide  rod,  YII.  318,  2  b. 

Porter,  county,  XIII.  722. 

Porter,  David,  American  naval  officer,  XIII. 

723.  David  Dixon,  admiral,  724,  1  ab. 
Porter,  Ebenezer,  clergyman,  XIII.  724. 
Porter,  Fitz  John,  soldier,  XIII.  724. 

Porter,  Jane,  English  novelist,  XIII.  725. 

Anna  Maria,  novelist,  1  b. 

Porter,  Noah,  American  scholar,  XIII.  725. 
Porter,  Peter  Buel,  soldier,  XIII.  725. 

Porter,  Sir  Robert  Ker,  English  artist,  XIII. 
726. 

Porter  anchor ,  I.  466,  1  b. 

Poeteus,  Beilby,  English  prelate,  XIII.  726. 
Port  Folio,  periodical,  VI.  1 9, 2  be ;  XIII.  300, 1  a. 
Port  Gibson,  county  seat,  IY.  627,  2  c. 


Port  Glasgow,  town  of  Scotland,  XIII.  720. 
Port  Hope,  town  of  Canada,  XIII.  726. 

Port  Hudson  (East  Feliciana  parish,  La.),  bat¬ 
teries  of,  VII.  91,  2  a.  Reduction  of,  2  ab; 

II.  286,  2  a. 

Port  Huron,  city  of  Michigan,  XIII.  726. 
Portici  [por'-te-che],  town  of  Italy,  XIII.  727. 
Portico  of  Octavia:  see  Rome,  XI Y.  411,  1  b. 
Porticus  Argonautarum :  see  Rome,  XI Y.  411, 
1  b. 

Portillo  [pore-te'-lyo],  of  Guasaco,  mountain 
pass,  III.  12,  2  ab. 

Portinari :  see  Beatrice  Portinari. 

Portio  canonica  preebenda,  XIII.  806,  1  c. 
Portionistce :  see  Eton,  YI.  763,  2  c. 

Port  Jervis,  village  of  New  York,  XIII.  727. 
Portland,  city  of  Maine,  XIII.  727  (view). 

Burning  of,  729,  1  b ;  Y.  237,  2  be. 
Portland,  city  of  Oregon,  XIII.  729. 
Portland,  county  seat,  IX.  580,  1  c. 

Portland,  New  Brunswick:  see  Saint  JonN, 
XIY.  533,  2  c. 

Portland,  Isle  of,  England,  XIII.  730.  Break¬ 
water  of,  III.  237,  2  a. 

Portland ,  earl  and  dukes  of:  see  Bentinck. 

Portland  ministry,  YII.  709,  1  a,  ab. 
Portland  arrowroot,  XYI.  422,  2  b. 

Portland  Bill,  promontory,  XIII.  730,  1  b. 
Portland  stone,  XIII.  730,  1  b. 

Portland  vase,  VIII.  8,  1  c  (ills.) ;  III.  756,  2  c. 
Port  Lloyd ,  Bonin  islands,  III.  67,  2  c.  Chasm 
near,  ib.  (ill.). 

Port  de  V  Orient  [por  duh  lo-re-ang],  naval  depot, 
X.  642,  1  b. 

Port  Louis,  capital  of  Mauritius,  XIII.  730. 
Port  Madison,  county  seat,  X.  20,  2  b. 

Port  Mahon  [ma-hone'],  capital  of  Minorca, 
XIII.  730. 

P ortneuf  [Fr.  por-nuf],  county  of  Canada, 
XIII.  730. 

Porto  [pore'-to] :  see  Oporto. 

Porto  Alegre  [a-la'-gra],  city  of  Brazil,  XIII. 
730. 

Porto  d'Anzo,  site  of  Antium,  I.  573,  1  b. 
Porto  Bello  [Sp.  ba'-lyo],  seaport  of  Colom¬ 
bia,  XIII.  731. 

Porto-  Carrero  family  [-kar-ra'-ro],  referred  to, 

III.  55,  1  ab. 

Porto  Ferrajo,  [fair-ra'-yo],  capital  of  Elba, 
XIII.  731 ;  YI.  492,  2  c  (ill.,  493). 

Porto  Leone  [la-o'-na]:  see  Piraeus,  XIII.  539, 2  a. 
Porto  Maurizio  [mow-re'-tse-o],  province  of 
Italy,  XIII.  731. 

Porto  Plata  :  see*PuEETO  Plata. 


614 


PORTO 


POTASH 


Poeto  Rioo  [re'-ko],  island,  XIII.  731. 

Porto  Santo,  island,  XIII.  732. 

Portreeve:  see  Mayor,  XI.  304,  2  c. 

Port  Republican  (Port-au-Prince),  XIII.  722, 2  c. 
Port  Richmond ,  Staten  Island,  XV.  323,  2  b. 
Port  Royal  [Ft.  por  rwa-yal],  name  of  two 
French  monasteries,  XIII.  732.  Port  Royal 
des  Champs,  2  a,  c;  733,  1  c;  734,  1  h. 
Port  Royal  de  Paris,  732,  2  a,  h ;  734,  1  h. 
Recluses  of  Port  Royal,  732,  2  c ;  their 
works,  733,  1  c;  controversies,  2  c.  Sup¬ 
pression,  734,  1  c. 

Port  Said  [sa-eed'J,  town  of  Egypt,  XIII.  734. 
Port  Sarnia :  see  Sarnia. 

Port  of  silver :  see  Cape  Gat  a. 

Portsmouth,  city  of  New  Hampshire,  XIII. 

734.  Settlement  of,  XVI.  151,  1  h. 
Portsmouth,  city  of  Virginia,  XIII.  735. 
Portsmouth,  city  of  Ohio,  XIII.  735. 
Portsmouth,  England,  XIII.  735  (view). 
Portsmouth, duchess  of:  see  Querouaille  (Index). 
Port  Tobacco ,  county  seat,  IV.  278,  2  a. 

Port  Townsend ,  county  seat,  IX.  588,  2  c. 
Portugal,  kingdom  of  Europe,  XIII.  736. 
Coast,  1  c.  Surface,  2  c.  Rivers,  &c.,  737, 

1  b.  Geology  and  minerals,  1  c.  Climate, 

2  a.  Flora  and  fauna,  2  b.  Divisions  and 
population,  ib.  Agriculture,  738, 1  h.  Com¬ 
merce,  2  ab.  Intercommunication,  2  he. 
Manufactures,  2  c.  Government,  739,  1  a. 
Religion,  2  a.  Education,  2  h.  History, 
2  c. — Portuguese  discoveries  on  the  African 
coast,  VIIL  667,  1  c.  Possessions  in  India, 
IX.  209,  2  b.  Map  :  see  Spain. 

Portugal,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XIII. 

741.  Brazilian  literature,  744,  2  a. 
Portugal,  Wines  of,  XIII.  745. 

Portuguese  Man-of-War  :  see  Jelly  Fish, 
IX.  601,  2  a,  602,  1  a. 

Portulac'a  :  see  Purslane. 

Portulaca' cece  (botany),  XIV.  95,  1  c. 

Portus  Argo' us :  see  Porto  Ferrajo. 

Portus  Blendium :  see  Santander,  XIV.  620,  la. 
Portus  Ca'le :  see  Oporto,  XII.  651,  1  c. 
Portus  Classis:  see  Ravenna,  XIV.  219,  2  c. 
Portus  Mulierum  :  see  Balta  Liman. 

Portus  Trajani :  see  Civita  Vecchia,  IV. 
627,  2  a. 

Porus,  two  kings  of  India,  XIII.  746. 

Porussi ,  early  race  of  Prussia,  XIV.  54,  2  a. 
Porzana  (ornithology),  XIV.  169,  2  b.  P.  Caro¬ 
lina,  ib.  (ill.). 

Posche  [poce'-ka],  musical  instrument,  XVI. 
366,  2  c.  , 


Poseidon  [po-sF-don] :  see  Neptune. 

Posen,  province  of  Prussia,  XIII.  747.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  1  b. 

Posey,  county,  XIII.  747. 

Posey,  Thomas,  American  general,  XIII.  747- 
Posidonia :  see  Pjestum. 

Posidonius,  Greek  philosopher,  XIII.  747. 
Posilippo ,  grotta  di ,  XII.  141,  1  c. 

Position ,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  1  b. 

Positive  philosophy  :  see  Positivism  (Index). 
Positive  process,  of  engraving,  VI.  652,  1  a. 
Positivism  :  see  Comte,  and  XIII.  444,  1  c. 
Pos'se  comita'tus,  in  law,  XIV.  849,  1  b. 
Possessory  and  petitory  actions,  in  maritime 
commerce,  I.  127,  2  a. 

’ Possum,  playing,  slang,  XII.  652,  1  c. 

Post,  for  conveying  letters,  &c.,  XIII.  747. 
In  Great  Britain,  748,  1  c.  Official  violation 
of  the  post  office,  XI.  308,  2  ab.  In  the 
German  empire,  XIII.  750,  1  b.  In  France, 

1  be.  In  Russia,  &c.,  2  a.  In  Asia,  ib.  In 
the  American  colonies,  2  b ;  United  States, 

2  c.  International  postal  union,  755,  1  b. 
Postage,  cheap :  see  Bates,  Barnabas ;  Hill, 

Sir  Rowland,  VIIL  727, 1  c;  and  Post,  XIII. 
748,  2  be,  751,  1  b. 

Postage  Stamps,  XIII.  756  (chart  of  speci¬ 
mens).  Author  of  the  English  system,  II. 
780,  2  b. 

Post  coaches,  IV.  723,  2  c. 

Postmasters,  university  scholars,  VI.  763,  2  c; 
XII.  764,  2  a. 

Postel,  Karl:  see  Sealsfield. 

Posticum,.oi  a  Grecian  temple,  I.  654,  2  c. 
Posting,  mode  of  travelling,  XIII.  748,  1  ab. 
Pot ,  the,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  a. 

Pot'amids:  see  Nymphs. 

Potamochod rus  (zoology),  XVI.  466,  1  a.  P. 

Africanus,  ib.  (ill.).  P.  penicillatus,  1  b. 
Pot'amon,  Alexandrianphilosopher,VI.  391,2b. 
Potash,  XIII.  756.  Preparation  of  caustic 
potash,  2  b.  Hydrate  of,  757,  1  a;  IX.  107, 
2  a.  Commercial  potash,  XIII.  757,  1  be; 
manufacture  of,  2  ab.  Pearlash,  2  c.  Alka¬ 
limetry,  758, 1  a. — Decomposition  of  potash, 
VII.  597,  1  b.  Bicarbonate  of,  XIII.  760, 
2  c,  761,  1  b.  Sulphate,  2  a;  bisulphate,  ib. 
Chlorate,  2  b,  762,  1  a;  VII.  38,  1  a;  XII. 
769,  2  b.  Yellow  prussiate,  XIII.  762,  2  a; 
red,  763,  1  b.  Citrate,  764,  1  a.  Tartrate, 
XIV.  364,  1  b.  Potassa  cum  calce,  X.  480, 
1  a.  P.  fusa,  XIII.  756,  2  c.  Permanganate 
of  potassa,  VI.  134,  2  a. — See  Ashes,  II.  5, 2  a. 
Potash  alum ,  I.  364,  1  c;  365,  2  c. 


POTASH 


POTTERY 


615 


a  Potash  kettles ,”  depressions  in  Wisconsin, 
XVI.  G80,  2  ab. 

Potassa :  see  Potash  (Index). 

Potassic  acetate ,  I.  61,  2  ab  ;  normal,  XIII.  763, 
2  a;  acid,  2  b.  P.  tartrate,  normal,  1  c. 
P.  ferricyanide,  1  b.  P.  ferrocyanide,  762,  2  a. 
Potassium,  alkali  metal,  XIII.  758 ;  X.  23,  1  a. 
Methods  of  obtaining,  XIII.  758,  1  c  (ills.). 
Properties  of,  759,  1  ab.  Diffusion  of,  1  c. 
Oxides,  2  a.  Salts,  2  b;  XV.  153,  1  be. 
Chloride,  XIII.  759,  2  b ;  bromide,  760,  la; 
iodide,  1  be,  IX.  328,  1  ab,  be ;  phosphide, 
XIII.  760, 2  ab  ;  fluoride,  2  b ;  sulphides,  2  be ; 
carbonates,  2  c ;  nitrate :  see  Nitrates  ; 
sulphates,  761,  1  c;  chlorate,  2  b;  phos¬ 
phates:  see  Phosphorus  ;  cyanide,  762,  1  b; 
ferrocyanide,  2  a;  ferricyanide,  763,  1  b; 
tartrates,  1  c :  see  Rochelle  Salt  ;  bitar¬ 
trate  :  see  Cream  of  Tartar  ;  acetates,  2  a ; 
oxalates,  2  be;  citrates,  764,  1  a;  malate, 

1  ab.  Potassium  hydroxide,  756,  2  a,  b.  P. 
platinochloride,  600,  1  c. 

Potato,  XIII.  764.  Its  original  source,  1  c; 
II.  783,  1  ab.  Growth  of,  XIII.  764,  2  a 
(ills.).  Poisonous  principle  in,  765,  1  b. 
Multiplication  of,  1  c.  Varieties,  766,  1  ab. 
Cultivation,  2  b.  Uses,  767,  1  a.  Produc¬ 
tion  in  the  United  States,  1  c. 

Potato,  Sweet,  XIII.  767  (ill.). 

Potato  Bug,  XIII.  768.  Colorado  potato  bee¬ 
tle,  2  b  (ill.).  Enemies  of,  769,  2  a;  lydella 
doryphora,  2  be  (ill.) ;  spined  soldier  bug, 

2  c  (ills.) ;  harpactor  cinctus,  770,  1  a  (ill.); 
mysia  15-punctata,  1  b  (ill.).  Bogus  Colo¬ 
rado  potato  beetle,  771,  1  a  (ill.). 

Potato  Fly:  see  Cantharides,  III.  726,1  ab,  c. 
Potato  murrain:  see  Potato  Rot. 

Potato  Rot,  XIII.  771  (ills.) ;  VII.  531,  2  b, 
532,  1  c. 

Potato  spirit ,  I.  447,  2  a ;  VI.  144,  2  b. 
Potato  Worm:  see  Hawk  Moth,  VIII.  532, 
2  c;  IV.  106,  2  b;  IX.  158,  2  a. 

Potemkin,  Grigori  Alexandroviteh,  prince, 
Russian  soldier,  XIII.  772.  See  Catharine 
II.,  IV.  112,  1  b.  Treatment  of  his  body, 
XIII.  172,  1  c. 

Potent ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  b. 

Potential  energy :  see  Correlation  of  Forces, 
V.  379,  2  ab. 

Potenza,  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  773.  Cap¬ 
ital,  1  a. 

Pothier,  Robert  Joseph  [puh-tya],  French  ju¬ 
rist,  XIII.  773. 

Poti  [po'-te],  town  of  Russia,  XIII.  773. 


Potin  [phh-tang],  a  kind  of  steel,  XVI.  676,  2  c ; 

XII.  535,  2  b. 

Potiphar's  wife ,  IX.  686,  2  c.  Like  cases  in 
classic  legend,  II.  504,  2  a ;  XIII.  378,  2  ab. 
Potocki  [po-tots'-ke],  Polish 'family,  XIII.  773. 
Stanislaw  Felix,  field  marshal,  1  c.  Ignacy, 
grand  marshal  of  Lithuania,  ib.  Stanislaw 
Ivostka,  statesman  and  author,  2  a.  Jan, 
historian,  2  b. 

Poto'mac,  river,  XJII.  773. 

Poto'si ,  county  seat,  XVI.  476,  1  b. 

Potosi  [po-to-se'j,  department  of  Bolivia,  XIII. 
774.  Silver  mines  of,  1  b  ;  XV.  56,  1  c. 
Capital  city,  XIII.  774,  1  c;  I.  476,  2  a. 
Potsdam,  town  of  Hew  York,  XIII.  774. 
Potsdam,  town  of  Prussia,  XIII.  774.  Royal 
palace,  2  c  (ill.). 

Potsdam  sandstone ,  XIV.  600,  1  be. 

Potstone  (soapstone),  XV.  555,  1  b. 

Pott,  August  Friedrich,  German  philologist, 

XIII.  775. 

Pott,  Percival,  English  surgeon,  XIII.  775. 

“Pott’s  disease,”  2  a;  XV.  268,  1  b,  2  a. 
Pottage ,  red ,  III.  344,  2  c. 

Pottawattamie,  two  counties,  XIII.  775. 
Pottawattamies,  Indian  tribe,  XIII.  775. 
Potter ,  terrapin  so  called,  XV.  661,  2  a. 
Potter,  county,  XIII.  776. 

Potter,  Alonzo,  American  bishop,  XIII.  776, 
Horatio,  bishop,  777,  1  a. 

Potter,  Hazard  Arnold,  surgeon,  XIII.  777. 
Potter,  John,  English  prelate,  XIII.  777. 
Potter,  Louis  Joseph  Antoine  de,  Belgian 
revolutionist,  XIII.  777 ;  II.  491, 1  c,  2  b,  c. 
Potter,  Paul,  Dutch  painter,  XIII.  777. 
Potters’  Olay  :  see  Clay,  IV.  649,  2  a. 
Potter's  field,  at  Jerusalem,  IX.  612,  2  b. 
Potter's  lathe,  XIII.  787,  2  ab  (ill.).  Potter’s 
wheel,  778,  2  c. 

Pottery  and  Porcelain,  XIII.  777.  Varie¬ 
ties  of,  778,  1  b.  History  of  pottery,  2  c ; 
Egyptian,  ib.  (ill.) ;  in  the  Euphrates  valley, 
779,  1  c ;  Phoenician,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  Greek,  2  c 
(ill.)  ;  Etruscan,  780,  1  c  ;  Roman,  2  a  (ill.)  ; 
Saracenic,  2  c  (ill.) ;  early  German,  781, 1  a; 
Italian,  ib.  (ill.);  French,  2  c  (ills.);  Ger¬ 
man,  782,  1  c ;  Dutch,  2  a ;  English,  2  c 
(ill.)  ;  ancient  American,  783,  2  a  (ill.) ;  mod¬ 
ern,  2  b. — Porcelain,  2  c  ;  Chinese,  ib.  (ill.)  ; 
Japanese,  784,  1  c ;  European,  ib.  Dresden 
china,  2  b  (ill.,  785)  ;  Sevres,  785,  2  a  (ill.). 
English  porcelain,  2  c.  American  porcelain 
and  pottery,  786,  1  c ;  II.  532,  2  a. — Manu¬ 
facture,  XIII.  786,  2  ab.  Pug  mill,  787,  1  c 


616 


POTTINGER 


PRAGUE 


(ill.).  Potter’s  lathe,  2  ab  (ill.).  Formation 
of  stoneware,  2  c  (ill.);  kilns  for,  788,  1  b 
(ills.).  Earthenware,  2  a  (ills.)  ;  kiln,  789, 
2  c  (ills.)  ;  seggar,  ib.  (ill.).  Fine  stoneware, 
790,  2  b ;  grinding  mill,  2  c  (ill.).  Hard 
porcelain,  791,  1  b ;  kiln,  2  a  (ilk).  Tender 
porcelain,  2  b.  Decoration,  792,  1  ab  ;  muf¬ 
fle,  1  c  (ill.).  Centre  of  Chinese  manufacture, 
X.  12,  1  a.  Porcelain  clay,  IV.  649,  1  be. 

Pottinger,  Sir  Henry,  statesman,  XIII.  792. 

Potto,  animal,  XIII.  792.  Common,  2  c  (ill.). 

Pottstown,  borough  of  Pennsylvania, XIII.793. 

Pottsville,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.793. 

Pouched  Rat  :  see  Gopher. 

Pouched  wolf:  see  Thylacine. 

PoucnET,  Felix  Archimede  [poo-sha],  French 
naturalist,  XIII.  793.  Pouchet’s  laws,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  2  a.  On  the  spontaneous  ripen¬ 
ing  and  discharge  of  eggs,  YI.  561,  1  c.  On 
spontaneous  generation,  560,  2  be  ;  XY.  283, 
2  c. — Louis  Ezechiel,  XIII.  793, 1  c.  Georges, 
anthropologist,  2  a. 

Poudrette ,  a  kind  of  manure,  XIY.  798,  2  c. 

Poughkeepsie  [po-kip'-se],  city  of  New  York, 
XIII.  793. 

Pouillet,  Claude  Gervais  Mathias  [poo-ya], 
French  physicist,  XIII.  794.  On  the  sun’s 
heat,  YIII.  568,  2  c. 

Pouilly  wine  [poo-ye],  YII.  412,  2  be. 

Poujoulat,  Jean  Joseph  Francois  [poo-zkoo- 
14],  French  author,  XIII.  794. 

Poulpe  [poolp] :  see  Octopus. 

Pounce ,  cuttle  bone,  Y.  596,  2  ab. 

Pounce ,  used  with  marking  inks,  IX.  283,  2  c. 

Pound,  measure  of  weight,  XIII.  794. 

Pound,  an  enclosure,  XIII.  794;  YI.  146,  1  b. 
Pound  covert,  1  be. 

Pound  Sterling,  XIII.  794. 

Pounxa ,  borax,  III.  88,  2  be. 

Poupart,  Frangois  [poo-par],  French  anato¬ 
mist,  XIII.  794.  Poupart’s  ligament,  2  c. 

Pourtales ,  L.  F.  de ,  count  [poor-ta-less],  scien¬ 
tist,  referred  to,  II.  71,  2  be  ;  YI.  258,  2  b,  c. 

Poussin,  Nicolas  [poo-sang],  French  painter, 
XIII.  795.  Gaspar,  painter,  2  ab. 

Pout ,  young  of  partridge,  XIII.  142,  2  a. 

Pouter ,  pigeon,  XIII.  504,  2  c. 

Powell,  county,  XIII.  795. 

Powell,  Baden,  English  author,  XIII.  795- 
On  evolution,  YII.  12,  2  be. 

Powell,  John  Wesley,  American  geologist, 
XIII.  796 ;  Y.  108,  1  ab. 

Power,  in  law,  XIII.  796. 

Power ,  Mrs.,  naturalist,  I.  609,  1  a. 


Power,  Tyrone,  Irish  actor,  XIII.  796. 

Power  loom  :  see  Cartwright,  Edmund ;  Car¬ 
pet,  IY.  20,  2  b;  Weaving,  XVI.  524,  1  a. 
Powers,  Hiram,  American  sculptor,  XIII.  797. 
Powers,  Mechanical :  see  Mechanics,  XI.  326, 
1  ab. 

Poweshiek  [pow'-e-sheek],  county,  XIII.  797. 
Powhatan',  county,  XIII.  797. 

Powhatan,  Indian  chief,  XIII.  797. 

Powhatan  G.  H !,  county  seat,  XIII.  797,  2  a. 
Pownalborough  (Wiscasset,  Me.),  XVI.  679,1  ab. 
Pownall, Thomas,  English  statesman,  XIII. 797. 
Poyang lake  of  China,  IY.  443,  2  a  ;  IX.  816, 
1  b,  ff. 

Poynings ,  Sir  Edward ,  lord  deputy  of  Ireland, 
IX.  357,  2  c.  u  Poynings  law,”  ib. 

Pozzo  di  Borgo,  Carlo  Andrea,  count  [pot'-so 
de  bor'-go],  Russian  diplomatist,  XIII.  798. 
Pozzolana :  see  Pozzuolana  (Index). 
Pozzuolana  [poz-zoo-o-la'-na],  volcanic  min¬ 
eral,  XIII.  798 ;  IY.  181,  1  b,  185,  1  c. 

P ozzuoli  [pot-soo-o'-le],  town  of  Italy,  XIII. 
798.  Grotta  di,  XII.  141,  1  c.  Mole  or 
breakwater  of,  IY.  181,  1  b. 

P.  R.  (prize  ring),  XIV.  73,  2  b. 

Praclcticlcs ,  the ,  Scottish  law  book,  II.  240,  2  b. 
Pradier,  Jean  Jacques  [pra-de-a],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  XIII.  799. 

Pradt,  Dominique  Dufour,  abb6  de  [duh  prat], 
author,  XIII.  799. 

Praed,  Winthrop  Mackworth  [praid],  English 
poet,  XIII.  799. 

Pr^enes'te,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  XIII.  799. 

Sortes  Prsenestinas,  2  c. 

Prcenestine  calendar  [pre-nes'-tin],  YII.  93,  2  c. 
Prcenestine  pavement,  YII.  821,  1  a. 

Prcenomen ,  in  Roman  names,  XII.  127,  2  a. 
Praetor,  Roman  officer,  XIII.  800. 

Praetorian  cohorts :  see  Praetorians. 
Praetorian  laic,  IY.  620,  1  be. 

Praetorians,  Roman  body  guard,  XIII.  800. 
Praga  [pra'-ga],  suburb  gf  Warsaw,  XIII.  800. 
Pragmatic  Sanction,  state  ordinance,  XIII. 
800.  Of  Louis  IX.  of  France,  2  c  ;  YII.  578, 

1  b.  Of  Charles  YII.,  XIII.  800,  2  c;  III. 
159,  2  a.  German,  XIII.  801,  1  a.  Of  the 
emperor  Charles  YI.,  ib. ;  I.  224,  1  c  ;  II.  141, 

2  c,  144,  2  c;  IY.  298,  1  c  ;  YII.  455,  2  c, 
705,  2  be;  XI.  161,  1  a.  Of  Charles  III.  of 
Spain,  XIII.  801,  1  b;  IV.  302,  1  ab.  Of 
Ferdinand  YII.,  XY.  214,  2  b. 

Pragmat'ici ,  Greek  attorneys,  XII.  670,  1  b. 
Prague  [praig],  capital  of  Bohemia,  XIII.  801. 
Theinkirche,  2  a  (ill.).  Treaty  of  Prague 


PRAIRIAL 


PRESBYTERIANISM! 


617 


(1866),  802,  1  ab  ;  VII.  758,  2  be  ;  XIV.  56, 
2  b;  II.  665,  2  c. 

Prairial ,  law  of  the  22 d  of  V.  487,  2  a. 
Prairie,  western  plain,  XIII.  802. 

Prairie,  county,  XIII.  802. 

Prairie  burdock,  or  dock,  plant,  XV.  46,  2  ab. 
Prairie  chicken ,  VIII.  271,  2  b. 

Prairie  City,  county  seat,  V.  567,  1  b. 

Prairie  Dog,  XIII.  802  (ill.,  803). 

Prairie  du  CniEN  [pra'-re  du  sheen;  Fr.  dii 
she-ang],  XIII.  803.  Origin  of  the  name, 
VII.  362,  2  be. 

Prairie  hay,  XII.  502,  2  be. 

Prairie  Hen  :  see  Grouse,  VIII.  271,  2  b. 
Prairie  Squirrel,  XIII.  803.  California,  2  c; 

striped,  804,  1  a  (ill.). 

Prairieville,  county  seat,  III.  406,  1  a. 

Prairie  Wolf  :  see  Wolf,  XVI.  696, 1  be  (ill.). 
Prajdpati  [pra-ja'-pa-te],  in  Hindoo  mythology, 
IX.  224,  2  c. 

Prakrit  [pra'-krit] :  see  India,  Races  and  Lan¬ 
guages  of,  IX.  216,  2  a,  and  XIV.  611,  2  c. 
Praktik,  in  German  law,  IV.  619,  2  be. 

Pram,  Christian  Henriksen  [pram],  Danish 
poet,  XIII.  804. 

Prana,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  c. 
Praslin,  Cesar  Gabriel,  count  de  Choiseul, 
duke  de  [pra-lang],  French  statesman,  XIII. 
804.  Charles  Laure  Hugues  Theobald,  duke 
de  Choiseul-Praslin,  2  ab. 

Prasutagus,  king  of  the  Iceni,  II.  763,  2  ab. 
Prater  [pra'-ter],  park  in  Vienna,  XIII.  104, 

1  b ;  XVI.  351,  2  a. 

Prati,  Giovanni  [pra'-te],  Italian  poet,  XIII.804. 
Prdti$dkhyas  [pra-te-sak'-yas],  in  Sanskrit  lit¬ 
erature,  IX.  223,  1  a. 

Prat'incole,  bird,  XIII.  804.  Collared,  2  c  (ill.). 
Prato  [pra'-to],  town  of  Italy,  XIII.  805. 
Pratt,  two  counties,  XIII.  805. 

Pratt,  Charles :  see  Camden,  Earl. 

Prattsville,  county  seat,  XIII.  805,  1  b. 

Prawn,  crustacean,  XIII.  805.  Serrated  prawn, 

2  a  (ill.)  ;  American,  2  c. 

Praxeas :  see  Patripassians,  Noetians,  and 
Sabellius. 

Praxiteles  [prax-it'-e-leez],  Greek  sculptor, 
XIII.  805  ;  XIV.  719,  2  ab,  b. 

Prayaga  [pra-ya'-ga],  (Allahabad),  I.  323,  2  a. 
Praying  machines,  III.  402,  1  c;  X.  117,  1  c. 
Preacher,  local:  see  Methodism,  XI.  456,  2  ab. 
Preault,  Antoine  Augustin  [pra-o],  French 
sculptor,  XIII.  806. 

Preb'end,  ecclesiastical  benefice,  XIII.  806. 
Preble  [preb'-’l],  county,  XIII.  806. 


Preble,  Edward,  American  naval  officer,  XIII. 

806.  George  Henry,  naval  officer,  807,  1  b. 
Precession  of  the  Equinoxes,  XIII.  807. 
Prechtl  (Johann  Joseph  von,  1778-1854,  di¬ 
rector  of  the  Vienna  polytechnic  institute 
1814-’49),  his  experiments  on  adhesion,  I. 
115,  2  a;  adhesion  balance,  ib.  (ill.). 
Precieuses,  les  [la  pra-se-uz],  of  the  hotel  Ram- 
bouillet,  XIV.  194,  1  c. 

Precipitate ,  red,  or  precipitate  per  se,  of  mer¬ 
cury,  XI.  404,  1  a. 

Precipitated  carbonate  (of  lime),  X.  480,  1  b. 
Predicables,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  c. 

Preemptive  rights,  in  land,  II.  542,  2  be. 

Pregel  [pra'-ghel],  river  of  Prussia  (about  120 
m.  long),  X.  41,  1  c. 

Pregnancy  :  see  Medical  Jurisprudence,  XI. 
337,  2  b,  and  Obstetrics,  XII.  518,  2  c. 
Insanity  of,  XIV.  69,  2  c. 

Prehistoric  period,  ages  of  the,  I.  185,  2  c. 
Prehistoric  Remains  :  see  American  Anti¬ 
quities,  Archaeology,  Bone  Caves,  Finds, 
and  Lake  Dwellings.  Discovery  of  in 
France,  III.  147,  2  a. 

Preller,  Friedrich,  German  painter,  XIII.  807. 
Prelum  Ascensionum,  printing  establishment, 
II.  213,  2  b. 

Premier  [pre'-me-er;  Fr.  pruh-myal,  in  Eng¬ 
land,  III.  525,  1  b. 

Premium ,  in  insurance,  X.  424,  2  b ;  IX.  314, 
2  be,  317,  2  c.  Premium  note,  ib. 
Premonstratensians,  religious  order,  XIII.  807. 
Prentice,  George  Denison,  American  editor, 
XIII.  808. 

Prentiss,  county,  XIII.  808. 

Prentiss,  Seargent  Smith,  American  orator, 
XIII.  808. 

Prenzlau  [prents'-low],  Prussia,  XIII.  808. 
Prenzlow :  see  Prenzlau. 

Preparation  machines :  see  Rope,  XIV.  424,  2  a. 
“  Pre-Raphaelite  Brotherhood ,”  of  painters, 

XII.  803,  2  a. 

Pres,  Josquin  des  :  see  Josquin  des  Pres. 
Presburg  [pres'-boorg],  county  of  Hungary, 

XIII.  808.  Capital  city,  2  b  (view).  Treaty  of 
(1805),  XV.  669, 1  a;  XVI.  99,  1  ab;  744,  2  b. 

Presbyopia,  old-sightedness,  XV.  237,  2  be; 
XVI.  390,  2  c. 

Presby  ter :  see  Elder,  VI.  495,  1  b.  Presby- 
teria,  ib. 

Presbyterianism,  XIII.  809.  Form  of  church 
government,  1  b ;  Scriptural  origin  of,  2  a. — 
Presbyterian  church  in  Scotland,  810,  1  b. 
Treachery  of  Charles  II.  respecting,  XIV. 


618 


PRESBYTERY 


PRIBYLOEE 


831,  1  c.  Secessions  in,  XIII.  811,  1  be. 
United  do.,  2  a. — In  Ireland,  2  be. — In  the 
United  States,  812,  1  be ;  IV.  543,  1  b. 
New  Side  and  Old  Side,  XIII.  812,  2  be. 
Union  with  Associate  Reformed  church, 
813,  1  c;  “Plan  of  Union”  with  Congrega¬ 
tional  churches,  2  ab.  New  School  and  Old 
School,  2  c.  In  New  England,  814,  2  a. 
United  Presbyterian  church  of  North  Amer¬ 
ica,  815,  1  b.  Associate  Reformed  church, 
ib.  Associate  Presbyterian  church,  816,  2  c. 
Reformed  Presbyterian  church  in  America, 

817,  1  c. — In  Canada,  2  c. — General  council, 

818,  2  c. — Bibliography,  819,  1  a. 

Presbytery ,  XIII.  809,  1  b.  In  Baptist  church¬ 
es,  II.  292,  2  b. 

Presbytis  (zoology),  XI.  752, 1  b.  P.  mitrula,  ib. 
Prescot,  town  of  England,  XIII.  819. 
Prescott,  county  of  Canada,  XIII.  819. 
Prescott,  town  of  Canada,  XIII.  819. 

Prescott ,  town  of  Arizona,  I.  709,  2  a;  XVI. 
774,  1  a. 

Prescott ,  Gen.  (Richard,  died  1788),  captured 
by  Col.  Barton  (exchanged  and  restored  to 
command  in  Rhode  Island),  II.  353,  1  a. 
Prescott,  Harriet  Elizabeth:  see  Spofford. 
Prescott,  Oliver,  American  patriot,  XIII.  819. 
William,  patriot,  2  b :  see  Bunker  Hill. 
William,  lawyer,  2  c.  William  Hickling, 
historian,  820,  1  ab;  XYI.  193,  2  c. 
Prescription,  in  law,  XIII.  821. 

Presentation ,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  1  b. 
Presentation,  Order  of :  see  Sisterhoods, 
XY.  70,  2  be. 

Present  use ,  a  light  ale,  III.  261,  1  c. 

Present  value,  of  annuities,  I.  534,  2  c. 
Preservation  of  Food,  XIII.  822. 
Preservation  of  Wood,  XIII.  824. 
Preservation  'powder :  see  Taxidermy,  XY. 
591,  1  a. 

Preserves,  of  fruit,  XIII.  823,  1  b. 

Presho,  county,  XIII.  825. 

President,  executive  officer,  XIII.  825. 
President ,  ship,  cruises  under  Com.  Rodgers, 
XIY.  383,  2  a. 

President  a  mortier  [pra-ze-dang  ta  mor-tya], 
in  French  parliaments,  XIII.  117,  1  b. 
Presidio,  county,  XIII.  826. 

Presidios  [Sp.  pra-se'-^e-oce],  Spanish  convict 
establishments,  IY.  218,  2  b. 

Presque  Isle  [presk  eel],  county,  XIII.  826. 
Presque  Isle,  island,  Yl.  711,  2  be.  Fort  de  la, 
712,  1  b;  harbor  of,  2  c. 

Press,  liberty  of  the :  see  Censorship  of  the 


Press.  Errors  of  the:  see  Correction  of 
the  Press. 

Press,  Printing  :  see  Printing  (Index). 
Pressed  work,  kind  of  veneering,  XYI.  289,  2  c. 
Pressense,  Edmond  Dehoult  de  [pra-sane-sa], 
French  theologian,  XIII.  826. 

Pressing  to  death  (punishment),  only  known 
instance  in  the  United  States,  XIII.  227,  2  c. 
Pressman :  see  Printing,  XIII.  846,  2  c. 
Pressure ,  steam,  XY.  350,  1  b ;  mean,  351,  1  c. 
Pressure  gauge ,  Bourdon’s,  XI.  121,  2  a  (ill.). 
Prester  John,  legendary,  XIII.  826;  I.  372, 1  b. 
Preston,  county,  XIII.  827. 

Preston,  county  seats,  YII.  185,  2  c;  XYI. 
528,  1  a. 

Preston,  town  of  England,  XIII.  827. 

Preston ,  battle  of,  Y.  504,  2  b  (Cromwell). 
Preston ,  Captain,  defence  of  by  Adams,  I. 
85,  2  b. 

Preston,  Thomas  Scott,  American  clergyman, 
XIII.  827. 

Preston,  William  Campbell,  American  states¬ 
man,  XIII.  827. 

Prestonburg,  county  seat,  YII.  288,  2  a. 
Prestonpans',  Scotland,  battle  of,  XIII.  827; 
IY.  312,  1  b. 

Presumption,  in  law,  XIII.  828. 

Pretas  [pra'-tas],  in  Buddhism,  Y.  793,  2  a. 
PRETi,Mattia[pra'-te],Italianpainter,  XIII. 828. 
Pretorius,  leader  of  the  Boers,  II.  77 6,  1  be,  2  ab. 
Pretyman,  George :  see  Tomline. 

Pp.euss,  Johann  David  Erdmann  [proice],  Ger¬ 
man  historian,  XIII.  828. 

Previous  question ,  in  parliamentary  law,  XIII. 
119,  1  b. 

Prevorst,  seeress  of  [pra-forst'J,  (1801-29),  XY. 
276,  1  a.  Referred  to,  IX.  811,  1  a;  XY. 
163,  1  ab,  b. 

Prevost,  Gen.  [prev'-ust],  (Augustine,  died 
1786  ;  commander  in  the  defence  of  Savan¬ 
nah,  1779),  referred  to,  III.  285,  1  b ;  IY. 
317,  1  b.  Sir  George  (his  son,  1767-1816), 
IY.  249,  2  be,  250,  1  be;  XYI.  164,  1  a. 
Prevost ,  Abbe  [pra-vo] :  see  Prevost  d’Exiles. 
Prevost,  Pierre,  Swiss  physicist,  XIII.  828. 
His  doctrine  of  exchanges  in  heat,  VIII. 
570,  2  ab. 

Prevost  d’Exiles,  Antoine  Frangois  [deg- 
zeel],  French  author,  XIII.  828. 
Prevost-Paradol,  Lucien  Anatole  [-pa-ra- 
dul],  author,  XIII.  829. 

Priam,  legendary  king  of  Troy,  XIII.  829. 
Pria'pus,  in  mythology,  XIII.  829 ;  380,  2  e. 
Pribylojf  islands,  Alaska,  I„  240,  2  a. 


PRICE 


PRINCETON 


619 


Price,  Bartholomew,  English  mathematician, 
XIII.  829. 

Price,  Richard,  clergyman  and  author,  XIII. 

829.  Ilis  views  referred  to,  445,  2  a.  See 
Life  Insurance,  X.  425, 1  c ;  427,  1  c ;  429, 
1  be;  430,  2  be.  On  moral  philosophy,  XI. 
812,  2  a. 

Price,  Thomas,  Welsh  scholar,  XIII.  830. 
Price,  Sir  Uvedale,  English  author,  XIII.  830. 
Prichard,  James  Cowles,  ethnologist,  XIII. 

830.  See  Ethnology,  YI.  754,  2  ab. 
Pricket,  young  buck,  VII.  75,  1  c. 

Prickets ,  of  the  deer,  I.  183, 1  c,  2  a ;  Y.  756,  2  b. 
Prickly  Asn,  XIII.  830  (ill.) ;  I.  807,  1  a. 
Prickly  Pear  :  see  Cactus,  III.  534,  2  a  (ill.). 
Prideaux,  Humphrey  [prid'-o],  English  clergy¬ 
man,  XIII.  830. 

Pride  of  China :  see  Pride  of  India. 

Pride  of  India,  tree,  XIII.  831  (ill.). 

“  Pride's  purge, 'n  alluded  to,  YI.  63,  1  a.  See 
IY.  281,  1  c;  Y.  504,  2  be;  YI.  613,  2  ab. 
Priene  [pri-e'-ne],  ancient  town,  II.  607,  2  b. 
Priessnitz,  Yincenz  [prees'-nits],  founder  of 
the  water  cure,  XIII.  831 ;  IX.  125,  1  c. 
Priest,  minister  of  religion,  XIII.  831. 
Priestley,  Joseph,  English  philosopher,  XIII. 
832.  Philosophical  views,  445,  2  a.  Obser¬ 
vation  of  gases  :  see  Chemistry,  IY.  361,  2  c. 
Priests  of  the  Mission  (of  the  Congregation 
of  the  Mission)  :  see  Lazarists. 

Priests  of  the  Oratory  :  see  Oratorians. 
Prieur  claustral  [pre-ur  kloce-tral],  ecclesias¬ 
tic,  I.  7,  2  c. 

Prim,  plant,  XI Y.  18,  2  c. 

Prim,  Juan  [preem],  count  of  Reus  and  mar¬ 
quis  de  los  Castillejos,  Spanish  general,  XIII. 
834. 

“  Primacy  of  honor ,”  in  the  Catholic  church, 
IX.  792,  1  be. 

Primage,  commercial,  II.  640,  1  c. 

Primaries ,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Primate,  ecclesiastical  title,  XIII.  834.  In 
England,  I.  646,  1  c. 

Primaticcio,  Francesco  [pre-ma-teet'-cho], 
Italian  painter,  XIII.  834. 

Prime,  Samuel  Irenseus,  American  clergyman, 
XIII.  835.  Edward  Dorr  Griffin,  journalist, 
1  b.  William  Cowper,  author,  1  c. 

Prime  minister ,  in  England,  III.  525,  1  b. 
Primes  (minutes),  XIY.  745,  1  a. 

Priming :  see  Fowling  Piece,  YII.  357,  2  c. 
Priming  needle ,  in  blasting  rock,  II.  699,  2  a. 
Primitive  trace ,  in  the  impregnated  ovum, 
YI.  561,  2  c. 


Primogeniture,  in  law,  XIII.  835.  Abolition 
of  in  Massachusetts,  YII.  620,  2  c;  in  Vir¬ 
ginia,  IX.  591,  1  b. 

Primordial  slime :  see  Protoplasm,  XIY.  35, 

1  ab. 

Primorsk  [pre-morsk'],  division  of  Siberia, 
XIII.  836. 

Primprint ,  plant,  XIY.  18,  2  c. 

Primrose,  plant,  XIII.  836.  Bird’s-eye  prim¬ 
rose,  2  b ;  Mistassinnie,  ib. ;  common,  2  c 
(ill.,  837).  Cowslip,  837,  1  b  (ill.).  Auricula, 

2  c.  Japan  and  Chinese  primroses,  838,  1  a. 
American  cowslip,  1  b  (ill.). 

Primrose,  Evening  :  see  GEnothera. 

Primrose  peerless,  plant,  XII.  144,  2  b. 
Primrose  vein,  of  anthracite,  I.  550,  2  b. 
Prim’ula  (botany),  XIII.  836,  2  a.  P.  farino- 
sa,  &c.,  2  b.  P.  veris,  2  c,  if.  (ills.).  P.  au¬ 
ricula,  837,  2  c.  P.  Japonica,  &c.,  838,  1  a. 
Pri'mum  mob'ile ,  the ,  in  magic,  X.  846,  2  a. 
Prince,  title,  XIII.  838.  Prince  of  Wales, 
2  b:  see  Wales  (Index). 

Prince,  county,  XIII.  838. 

Prince ,  Henry  James  (u  family  of  love  ”),I.  172, 
2  c ;  173,  1  a. 

Prince,  Thomas,  American  clergyman,  XIII. 
838. 

Prince  Albert  land:  see  Grinnell  Land. 
Prince  Edward,  county  of  Virginia,  XIII.  838. 
Prince  Edward,  county  of  Canada,  XIII.  839. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  province  of  Canada, 
XIII.  839. 

Prince  elector :  see  Elector. 

Prince  Fredericktown ,  county  seat,  III.  629,  lc. 
Prince  George,  county,  XIII.  841. 

Prince  George  C.  H.,  county  seat,  XIII.  841,  2  c. 
Prince  George’s,  county,  XIII.  841. 
u  Prince  of  the  Peace:'1'1  see  Godoy,  YIII.  62, 
2  a,  and  Charles  IY.,  IY.  302,  1  c. 

Prince  of  Wales  Island  :  see  Penang. 
Princeps  senatus ,  XIV.  764,  2  ab. 

Prince  Rupert's  drops ,  I.  532,  1  b.  See  Ru¬ 
pert's  drops  (Index). 

Prince’s  Feather:  see  Amaranth,  I.  377, 1  a. 

Plant  so  called,  XIII.  688,  2  c. 

Prince's  metal,  alloy,  III.  213,  2  ab.  Supposed 
inventor  of,  XIY.  470,  2  c. 

Prince's  mixture,  snuff,  XY.  783,  2  c. 

“  Princes'  party,"  in  France,  XII.  700,  2  a. 
Princess  Anne,  county,  XIII.  842. 

Princess  Anne,  county  seat,  XY.  161,  1  b. 
Princess  Anne  C.H.,  county  seat,  XIII.  842, 1  ab. 
Princeton,  town  of  New  Jersey,  XIII.  842. 
College  of  New  Jersey  (Princeton  college), 


620 


PRINCETON 


PRIZE 


1  b  ;  library  of  (ill.)  ;  school  of  science,  843, 

2  b  (ill.).  Establishment  of,  812,  2  c. 
Princeton ,  county  seats,  III.  446,  2  b ;  577, 

1  c;  Y.  644,  1  a;  VII.  801,  2  c;  XI.  399, 

1  a,  2  a ;  549,  2  b. 

Peinceton,  Battle  of,  XIII.  844. 

Peince  William,  county,  XIII.  844. 

Prince  William's  islands ,  VII.  113,  2  a  (Feejee 
Islands). 

Principals ,  at  Oxford,  XII.  765,  2  a. 
Peincipato  Citeeioee  [prin-che-pa'-to  che-ta- 
re-o'-ra],  province  of  Italy,  XIII.  844. 
Peincipato  Ulteeioee  [ool-ta-re-o'-ra],  prov¬ 
ince  of  Italy,  XIII.  845. 
Principiumcognoscendi ,  in  Protestantism,  XIV. 

244,  2  c.  Principium  essendi,  245,  1  a. 
Pbingle,  Thomas,  Scottish  author,  XIII.  845. 
Peingsheim,  Nathanael  [prinks'-hime],  German 
botanist,  XIII.  845. 

Prinos  (botany),  VIII.  769,  1  be;  XVI.  673,  2  c. 
Printers ’  signs  :  see  Coeeection  of  the  Peess. 
Peinting,  XIII.  845.  Three  methods  of,  2  a. 
History,  2  b;  in  China,  ib .,  and  IV.  483,  2  c; 
in  Europe,  XIII.  846,  1  ab.  Invention  of 
movable  types,  1  be.  Art  of  printing,  2  be. 
Types,  2  c.  Composition,  847,  2  c  (ill.,  848). 
Proof  reading,  848,  2  ab.  Composing  and 
distributing  machines,  2  be.  Stereotyping 
and  electrotyping,  849,  2  c  :  see  Galvanism, 
VII.  601,  1  c. — Printing  presses,  XIII.  851, 

2  a ;  Franklin’s  (Ramage  press),  2  c  (ill.) ; 
Stanhope’s,  ib.  (ill.,  852);  Washington,  ib. 
(ill.,  852).  Power  presses,  852,  2  ab ;  rotary, 
853,  1  a;  “perfecting”  machines,  2  a;  Vic¬ 
tory  press,  2  c  (ill.) ;  Hoe  perfecting  press, 
ib.  (ill.,  854).  Printing  in  colors,  854, 1  be. — 
First  entire  volume  printed,  846,  2  a;  II. 
614,  1  b.  Oldest  known  printed  works,  VII. 
97,  1  a.  Transfer  printing  on  enamel,  on 
pottery  and  porcelain,  XIII.  786,  1  ab.  Bat 
printing,  1  b.  Lithographic  printing,  X. 
527,  1  b.  See  Bibliogeapiiy,  Book,  and 
Newspapees. 

Peinting,  Calico  :  see  Calico  Peinting. 

Prints  (calico),  III.  594,  1  c. 

Prion  (ornithology),  XIII.  366,  1  ab.  P.  vit- 
tatus,  ib. 

Prioni'tes  (ornithology),  XT.  872,  1  a. 
Prion'otus  (ichthyology),  VIII.  334,  2  be  ;  335, 
1  c.  P.  lineatus,  2  a.  P.  palmipes,  ib.  (ill.). 
Peioe,  Matthew,  English  poet,  XIV.  5. 
Priories ,  XI.  734,  1  c. 

Peiscia'nus,  Roman  grammarian,  XIV.  5.  “  To 
break  Priscian’s  head,”  2  be. 


Prisci  Latini ,  X.  202,  2  a. 

Peiscillian,  founder  of  a  religious  sect,  XIV.  5. 

Prise  d  partie  [preez  &  par-te],  in  French  law, 
V.  431,  2  ab,  c. 

Peism,  in  geometry,  XIV.  6.  4n  optics,  1  b. 
See  Miceoscope,  XI.  519,  2  c;  520,  1  bc-2  a 
(Nicol’s  prisms),  2  b  (Nachet  drawing  prism, 
Wollaston  prism);  521,  1  b  (Nachet  erecting 
prism).  Fresnel’s  application  of  prisms  to 
lighthouse  illumination,  VII.  487,  2  a. 

Prismatic  colors,  X.  440,  1  a  (ill.). 

Prisoner  of  Ghillon :  sccBonnivaed,  III.  71,  2  a. 

Peisons  and  Peison  Discipline,  XIV.  6.  Re¬ 
forms  in,  1  c.  Transportation,  7,  2  b ;  13, 
2  ab.  Systems  of,  8,  1  ab ;  Pennsylvania, 
separate,  or  cellular,  ib. ;  Auburn,  associate, 
or  congregate,  9,  1  a ;  Irish  convict,  or  Crof- 
ton,  1  c.  In  the  United  States,  10,  2  b  ;  dis¬ 
ciplinary  agencies,  11,  2  ab ;  houses  of  cor¬ 
rection,  workhouses,  or  penitentiaries,  12, 
1  c.  In  England,  2  be.  In  France,  13,  2  a. 
In  Belgium,  14,  1  c.  In  Prussia,  2  a.  In 
Austria,  15,  1  a.  In  Switzerland,  1  c.  In 
Italy,  2  a.  Aid  to  discharged  convicts,  2  be. 
Criminal  statistics,  16,  1  ab ;  information 
respecting  penal  systems,  2  ab. 

Peiseend',  town  of  European  Turkey,  XIV.  17. 

Prisse  Papyrus ,  the  [prees],  XI.  132,  1  be. 

Pristis  (ichthyology),  XIV.  652,  2  c.  P.  an¬ 
tiquorum,  653,  1  c  (ill.). 

Pritchard ,  English  missionary  and  consul,  his 
expulsion  from  Tahiti,  VI.  321,  1  c. 

Pritchell ,  in  wire  drawing,  XVI.  676,  2  c. 

Peivas  [pre-vas],  town  of  France,  XIV.  17. 

Private  confession ,  in  the  Lutheran  church,  X. 
733,  2  c.  Private  absolution,  ib. 

Peivateee,  in  war,  XIV.  17 ;  XIII.  53,  1  be. 
Attempts  to  abolish  privateering,  XIV.  18, 

1  a.  Exemption  of  private  property  on  the 
ocean  proposed  by  the  United  States,  1  b,  2  b. 

Private  international  law,  X.  229,  2  a. 

Peiv'et,  plant,  XIV.  18  (ill.,  19).  Japan  priv¬ 
et,  19,  1  c. 

Privilege,  in  stock  dealing,  XV.  388,  2  c. 

Privileged  classes,  exemption  of  from  taxation, 
XV.  587,  1  b. 

Privileged  publications :  see  Libel,  X.  396, 1  a. 

Peivt  Council  :  see  Council,  V.  424,  2  be. 

Peize,  XIV.  19.  Belligerent  rights,  2  a.  Prize 
courts,  2  b.  Enemies,  and  property  liable 
to  capture,  2  c.  Ransom,  20,  1  c-2  a.  Title 
to  captured  property,  2  b.  Rights  of  neu¬ 
trals,  21,  1  a.  Responsibilities  of  captors, 

2  b.  Breach  of  neutrality,  2  be. 


PRIZE 


PROPERTY 


C21 


Prize  Money,  XIV.  22. 

Prize  ring:  see  Pugilism,  XIV.  73,  2  a,  b,  c. 
Prize  ring  slang,  74,  2  b. 

Probcb  Falconia,  life  of  Christ  by,  in  verses 
taken  from  Virgil,  IV.  204,  2  a. 

Probate,  in  law,  XIV.  23. 

Probation ,  among  the  Jesuits,  IX.  626,  2  c; 
Methodists,  XI.  456,  2  ab. 

Proboscidians,  division  of  pachyderms,  XIV. 
24. 

Probus,  Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  emperor, 
XIV.  24 ;  I.  237,  1  c. 

Procellaria  (ornithology),  XIII.  365,  1  a ;  VII. 
523,  2  b.  P.  Capensis,  XIII.  365,  1  c  (ill.). 
P.  glacialis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Procellari'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  364,  2  c. 

Process,  in  law,  XIV.  24. 

Procession  act ,  allusion  to  its  repeal,  II.  486,  2  b. 

Processionary  caterpillars ,  IV.  107,  2  c  (ill.). 

Procida  [pro'-che-da],  island,  XII.  137,  2  c. 

Proclamation ,  spurious  (1863),  X.  496,  1  a. 

Proclid  line ,  of  Spartan  kings  (named  from 
Procles,  son  of  Aristodemus,  first  Heraclid 
king  of  Sparta,  and  twin  brother  of  Eurys- 
thenes,  first  of  the  Agid  line,  so  called  from 
his  son  Agis  I.),  I.  187,  2  a. 

Proclus,  Greek  philosopher,  XIV.  25.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  810,  2  be.  Referred 
to,  XIII.  439,  1  b. 

Procnias  alba  (ornithology),  XVI.  109,  2  c. 

Proconne’sus :  see  Marmora,  XI.  181,  1  b. 

Proconsul,  Roman  magistrate,  XIV.  26. 

Procopius,  Byzantine  historian,  XIV.  26. 

Procopius,  Andrew,  the  Great,  Hussite  leader, 
XIV.  26.  The  Small,  2  be. 

Procris ,  mythical,  IV.  208,  1  a. 

Procrus'tes,  legendary  robber,  XIV.  26. 

Procter,  Bryan  Waller,  English  poet,  XIV. 
26.  Adelaide  Anne,  27,  1  ab. 

Proctor,  legal  agent,  XIV.  27.  Solicitor  in 
certain  courts,  ib. ;  X.  237,  1  a.  University 
officer,  XIV.  27,  1  c. 

Proctor,  Richard  Anthony,  English  astrono¬ 
mer,  XIV.  27.  His  theory  of  the  frequency 
of  sun  spots,  XV.  472,  2  b. 

Procyon  [pros'-e-on],  star,  III.  702,  2  b. 

Procyon  lotor  (zoology),  VII.  539,  1  a. 

“  Prodigious  ”  school ,  of  musical  performers, 
X.  524,  1  c. 

Productus ,  fossil  shell,  III.  177,  2  c. 

Proedri  [pro-e'-dri] :  see  Ecclesia,  VI.  385,  2  c. 

Prcetus ,  king  of  Argos,  II.  504,  2  a. 

Profert  r  see  Oyer. 

Professed  society ,  of  the  Jesuits,  IX.  627,  1  c. 


Prof essed of  three  vows ,  the,  Jesuits,  IX.  627, 1  be. 
Professors  of  the  Light:  see  Friends,  VII. 
493,  2  ab. 

Profit  and  loss ,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  2  b. 
Proglottides  [pro-glot'-te-deez],  (entozoa),  VI. 
664,  1  c. 

Prog'nathi  (ethnology),  VI.  756,  2  a. 

Prog'ne  (ornithology),  XI.  207,  1  b.  P.  pur¬ 
purea,  ib.  (ill.). 

Programme  music ,  II.  568,  1  b. 

Prohibition,  in  law,  XIV.  27. 

Prohibitory  laws:  see  Total  Abstinence,  XV. 
817,  1  a. 

Projectiles  :  see  Gunnery.  Size  of,  for  rifles, 
XIV.  328,  1  ab.  Course  of,  VIII.  324,  1  be. 
Drift  of,  325,  2  ab. 

Projection ,  in  drawing,  249,  2  c.  Orthographic, 

250,  1  b.  Plane  of  projection,  or  plane  of 
the  picture,  251, 1  a.  Isometrical  projection, 

251,  1  b  (ilk). — Map  projection,  XI.  135, 
2  b ;  orthographic,  ib. ;  stereographic,  2  c ; 
central  or  gnomic,  136,  1  a;  globular,  1  ab ; 
Mercator’s,  l  bc,  XII.  180,  2  b. 

Prokesoh-Osten,  Anton  von,  baron,  German 
author,  XIV.  27. 

Prolabia ,  form  of  congestion,  III.  197,  1  c. 
Prome,  town  of  British  Burmah,  XIV.  28. 
Promerop’ idee,  promeropi' nee  (ornithology),  XV. 
476,  2  c. 

Prometheus  [pro-me'-thuce],  in  mythology, 
XIV.  28. 

Promissory  Note,  XIV.  28 ;  XII.  212,  2  ab ; 
VII.  23,  1  be. 

Promontorium  Barbaricum,,  IV.  222, 1  be ;  Cha- 
ridemi,  III.  747,  2  ab  ;  Junonis,  XV.  838,  1  b; 
Sacrum,  III.  751,  2  c;  Tsenarium,  749,  2  b. 
Prona'os ,  of  a  Grecian  temple,  I.  654,  2  c. 
Prong  Horn  :  see  Antelope,  I.  546,  1  b  (ill.). 
Pron'uba ,  surname  of  Juno,  IX.  718,  1  be. 
Proof  in  printing,  XIII.  848,  2  a. 

Proof  plane,  electric,  VI.  504,  1  c  (ill.). 

Proofs,  in  numismatics,  XII.  535,  2  ab. 
Propaganda,  board  of  cardinals,  XIV.  28. 
Propagation  by  cuttings,  X.  239,  2  b  ;  by  suck¬ 
ers,  240,  1  a. 

Propagation  of  the  Faith,  Society  for  the, 
Roman  Catholic,  XIV.  28. 

Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts,  so¬ 
ciety  for  the,  XI.  640,  2  c. 

Properties  of  substances  changed  by  affinity,  I. 
159,  1  ab. 

Propertius,  Sextus  Aurelius,  Roman  poet, 
XIV.  29. 

Property,  real  and  personal ,  international  law 


622 


PROPERTY 


PROVENCAL 


of  conveyance  of,  X.  224,  2  c.  Disposition 
of  personal  property,  after  decease  of  its 
owner,  392,  1  a. 

“  Property  has  its  duties ,”  &c.,  YI.  272,  1  b 
(Drummond). 

Property  in  land ,  right  of  under  Roman  law, 

I.  192,  1  a,  200,  2  c. 

“  Property  is  robbery  ”  {La  propriete  best  le 
vol ),  XIY.  37,  2  b.  See  XY.  141,  2  c. 
Prophecy,  prediction  of  future  events,  XIY. 
29.  Of  the  Old  Testament  theology,  1  ab. 
In  the  New  Testament,  2  b. 

Prophet ,  origin  of  the  word,  XIY.  29,  1  ab. 
Prophets,  Books  of  the,  XIY.  30. 

Pro'polis ,  of  bees,  II.  455,  1  c;  XIII.  711,  2  b. 
Propontis  :  see  Marmora,  Sea  of. 

Proportion ,  laws  of  in  chemical  combination, 

II.  86,  1  a,  ff. 

Propylce'a ,  of  Athens,  II.  62, 1  a.  Ruins,  1  c  (ill.). 
Propylceum ,  in  Grecian  architecture,  I.  655, 1  c. 
Propylamine ,  a  volatile  alkaloid,  Y.  12,  1  b. 
Prop'ylon ,  Egyptian  gateway,  I.  654,  1  a. 

Pro  rata  itineris ,  in  maritime  law,  YI.  6,  1  c. 
Proscenium ,  of  the  Greek  theatre,  XY.  685,  2  a. 
Pros'erpine,  mythical,  XIY.  30.  See  Ceres, 
IY.  209,  2  ab,  210,  1  a.  Fabled  place  of  her 
abduction  by  Pluto,  90,  1  be. 

Prosimice  (zoology),  X.  338,  2  b. 

Proso'pis  glandulo'sa  (botany),  XI.  487,  1  b 
(ill.).  P.  pubescens,  488,  1  a  (ilk). 

Prosper  (Aquitanus),  Saint,  XIY.  30. 

Prospect  park,  Brooklyn,  III.  319,  1  c;  XIII. 
106,  2  b  (map). 

Prostate  Gland  (anatomy),  XIY.  30.  Alluded 
to,  II.  686,  2  ab,  c. 

Prosthemadera  (ornithology),  XIII.  635,  1  b. 

P.  Novae  Zealandiae,  1  be. 

Prostrates ,  class  of  penitents,  XIII.  244,  2  c. 

Prostrati  (the  same),  IY.  566,  2  ab. 
Protag'oras,  Greek  philosopher,  XIY.  30.  See 
Philosophy,  XIII.  437,  2  ab. 

Protascus,  assumed  germ  of  the  sponges,  XY. 
282,  1  c. 

Prot’aton,  of  the  monks  of  Athos,  II.  67,  2  b. 
Protective  union ,  in  Hungary,  X.  50,  1  b. 
Protector,  in  English  history,  XIY.  31.  Lord 
protector,  1  ab. 

Proteids  [pro'-te-idz] :  see  Proteine. 
Proteine  [pro'-te-in],  (chemistry),  XIY.  31 ; 
XII.  30,  1  b. 

Proteles  [prot'-e-leez],  (zoology),  IX.  100,  2  c. 

P.  Lalandii,  I.  3,  2  a  (ill). 

Protesila'us,  in  Greek  legend,  XIY.  31. 
Protest,  XIY.  31.  Payment  under,  2  a.  In 


legislation,  2  ab.  In  maritime  law,  2  b.  Of 
bills  of  exchange,  &c.,  2  be ;  I.  57, 1  a,  58,  1  a. 

Protestant,  XIY.  32.  Origin  of  the  name, 
XI.  366,  lb;  II.  108,  1  b;  XIY.  246,  1  a. 

Protestant  dulce,  the ,  XI.  754, 2  be  (Monmouth). 

Protestantism ,  formal  and  material  principles 
of,  XIY.  244,  2  c. 

Pro'teus,  reptile,  XIY.  32.  Common,  2  ab 
(ill.)  ;  place  of  its  discovery,  I.  114,  1  c. 

Proteus,  mythical,  XIY.  32. 

Proteus  of  the  lakes :  see  Menobranchus. 

Proteus  of  painting :  see  Giordano. 

Protevangelion ,  apocryphal  gospel,  YIII.  122, 2  c. 

Prothallus,  of  ferns,  YII.  151,  1  a. 

Prothorax,  of  insects,  IX.  311,  1  b. 

Protichnites  [pro-tik'-nites],  fossil  footprints, 
YII.  342,  2  a. 

Protistic  kingdom,  Haeckel’s,  YIII.  372,  1  b. 

Protococcus,  rudimentary  form  of  plant,  XIII. 
573,  2  be.  P.  nivalis,  I.  299,  1  b  (Alg.e:). 

Proto-Doric  order ,  in  architecture,  I.  653,  2  c ; 
655,  2  b. 

Protogenes  [pro-toj'-e-neez],  Greek  painter, 
XIY.  33. 

Protogine  [pro'-to-jin],  mineral,  YIII.  152,  2  be. 

Protohippus,  fossil  animal,  YIII.  739,  1  ab. 

Protophytes  :  see  Protozoa. 

Protopithe-  cusBrasiliensis{ zoology),  XI. 753, 2  a. 

Protoplasm,  original  living  substance,  XIY. 
33.  Moners,  1  b.  Composition  of  proto¬ 
plasm,  2  be.  Cytods  and  germ-enclosing 
cells,  34,  1  b.  Varieties  of  chemical  compo¬ 
sition,  2  c.  Plastids,  ib.  Plastid  theory,  35, 
1  a;  XIII.  573,  2  b,  581,  2  a,  582,  2  c.  See 
Huxley,  IX.  96,  2  c. 

Protoplasmic  organisms :  see  Bathybius. 

Protop’terus  (ornithology),  X.  359,  1  ab. 

Protorosaurus  (palaeontology),  XI.  749,  1  b. 

Protozo'a,  subdivision  of  invertebrate  animals, 
XIY.  36 ;  IX.  279,  1  a. 

Protractor,  mathematical  instrument,  XIY.36. 

Proudhon,  Jean  Baptiste  Victor  [proo-dong], 
French  jurist,  XIY.  37. 

Proudhon,  Pierre  Joseph,  political  writer, 
XIY.  37 ;  XY.  141,  2  be. 

Proust  [proo],  (Louis  Joseph,  1754-1826,  pro¬ 
fessor  of  chemistry  in  Paris  and  Madrid), 
IY.  365,  2  a. 

Proustite  [proost'-ite],  mineral,  XY.  50,  1  ab. 

Prout,  Father:  see  Mahony,  Francis. 

Prout,  Samuel,  English  water-color  painter, 
XIY.  38. 

Prout,  William,  Scottish  physician,  XIY.  38. 

Provencal  Language  and  Literature  [pro- 


PROVENCE 


PSEUDOPODIA 


623 


v&"'-s&l],  XIV.  38.  Home  and  different  dia¬ 
lects  of,  2  b.  Flourishing  period,  39,  1  a. 
Characteristics  of  the  modern  dialects,  2  ah. 
Historical  view,  40,  1  a. 

Provence  [pruh-van*s],  old  province  of  France, 
XIV.  41. 

Proventric' ulus  (anatomy),  V.  181,  1  c. 
Proverbs,  Book  of,  XIV.  41. 

Providence,  county,  XIV.  42. 

Providence,  city  of  Rhode  Island,  XIV.  42. 
Population,  2  ab.  Description,  2  be.  Inter¬ 
communication,  43,  1  c.  Commerce,  2  a. 
Manufactures,  2  ab.  Banks,  44, 1  ab.  Water 
supply,  1  b.  Charitable  institutions,  2  a. 
Education,  2  c.  Churches,  45,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory,  ib. 

Providence,  county  seat,  IV.  29,  2  b. 
Providence,  Sisters  of :  see  Sisterhoods,  XV. 

71,  1  b. 

Providence  island,  Bahamas,  III.  551,  1  b. 
Providence  river ,  XIV.  291,  2  c;  42,  2  a,  be. 
Province  of  the  Army  of  the  Don:  see  Don 
Cossacks. 

Provincetown,  Massachusetts,  XIV.  45. 
Provincia :  see  Provence,  XIV.  41,  1  c. 
Provincial  congregation,  Jesuit,  IX.  627,  2  c. 
Provisional  callus:  see  Fracture,  VII.  364, 2  be. 
Provo,  county  seat,  XVI.  235,  2  b. 

Pkovoost,  Samuel  [pro'-vost],  American  bish¬ 
op,  XIV.  45. 

Provost,  Jean  Baptiste  Francois  [pruh-vo], 
French  actor,  XIV.  46. 

Pro'zymites :  see  Azymites. 

Prudentius,  Aurelius  Clemens,  Latin  poet, 
XIV.  46 ;  X.  200,  1  c. 

Prudhommes,  courts  of  [pru-dum],  I.  637,  2  a. 
Prud’hon,  Pierre  Paul  [prii-dong],  French  paint¬ 
er,  XIV.  46. 

Prune  :  see  Plum,  XIII.  621,  1  b.  German, 

1  c  (ill.)*  Prunes  de  Brignoles,  II.  371,  1  c. 
Pruning,  XIV.  46  (ills.,  47). 

Pruntytown,  county  seat,  XV.  591,  2  a. 
Prunus  (botany),  XIII.  619,  2  c.  P.  Ameri¬ 
cana,  620,  1  b.  P.  maritima,  1  ab.  P.  in- 
sititia,  2  ab.  P.  spinosa,  ib.,  and  XV.  106, 

2  c  (ill.,  107).  P.  Persica,  XIII.  205, 1  a  (ill.). 
P.  Armeniaca,  I.  605,  2  c.  P.  cerasus,  IV. 
380,  1  be  (ill.).  P.  serotina,  2  ab  (ill.).  P. 
Virginiana,  2  c.  P.  avium,  381,  1  a.  P. 
lauro-cerasus,  ib.  (ill.).  P.  Caroliniana,  X. 
209,  1  a.  P.  (cerasus)  Lusitanica,  ib. 

Prusa,  or  Prusias :  see  Brusa. 

Prussia,  kingdom  of  Europe,  XIV.  48.  Polit¬ 
ical  divisions,  2  c.  Coast  line,  49,  2  ab. 


Surface,  2  c.  Lakes  and  rivers,  50,  1  ab. 
Climate  and  soil,  1  c.  Population,  2  a.  Agri¬ 
culture,  2  be.  Fauna,  51,  1  ab.  Mines,  1  b. 
Manufactures,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  52, 

1  ab.  Commerce,  1  b.  Banks,  1  be.  Edu¬ 
cation,  public  institutions,  &c.,  2  ab.  Reli¬ 
gion,  53,  1  a.  Government,  1  c.  Finances, 
54,  1  a.  Military  system,  1  c.  History,  2  a. 
Stein’s  policy  of  reforms,  VIII.  452,  2  ab. 
Serfdom  abolished,  2  be. 

Prussian  Blue  :  see  Potassium,  XIII.  762,  2  c. 
Prussia  Proper,  XIV.  57. 

Prussic  Acid  :  see  Hydrocyanic  Acid. 

Prusso- Austrian  war,  XIV.  56,  1  b ;  II.  149, 

2  c ;  VII.  758,  2  b. 

Pruth  [proot],  river,  XIV.  57. 

Pryne,  Rev.  A. :  see  Brownlow,  III.  348,  1  c. 
Prynne,  William,  English  political  writer, 
XIV.  57. 

Prytane’um,  Athenian  edifice,  II.  61,  1  a. 
Pryt'anis,  Spartan  ruler,  VIII.  188,  2  b.  Athe¬ 
nian  officer,  VI.  385,  2  c  (Ecclesia). 
Przemysl  [przhem'-ishl],  town  of  Austria, 
XIV.  58. 

Psalmanazar,  George,  impostor,  XIV.  58. 
Psalms,  Book  of,  XIV.  58.  Collection  of,  2  ab. 
Contents,  2  be.  Public  use  of,  59,  1  a ;  in  the 
Christian  church,  1  ab.  Commentaries,  1  be. 
Psalter  in  Latin,  first  printed,  III.  299,  1  a. 
Psalterium ,  in  the  stomach  of  ruminants,  XIV. 
467,  2  c. 

Psalterium  Marianum  (rosary),  XIV.  432, 1  ab. 
Psaltery,  musical  instrument,  XIV.  59. 
Psamma,  plant,  XIV.  241,  1  c. 

Psammeni'tus,  king  of  Egypt,  XIV.  59. 
Psammetichus  [sam-met'-e-kus] :  see  Egypt, 

VI.  463,  1  ab. 

Psammetik  III. :  see  Psammenitus. 

Psammob'  atesradia'  tus  (zoology),  XV.  812,2  be. 
Psammophis  flagelliformis  (zoology),  IV.  724, 
2  b  (ill.). 

Psammosaurus  (zoology),  XI.  749,  1  b. 

Psara:  see  Ipsara. 

Pseudal' opex  (zoology),  XVI.  695,  2  c. 
Pseudepig'rapha :  see  Apocrypha,  I.  585,  2  a. 
Pseudo-bulb ,  in  orchids,  XII.  671,  2  a. 

Pseudo- Demetrius :  seeDEMETRius,V.789,2  ab. 
Pseudogryphus  Californianus  (ornithology), 
XVI.  413,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Pseudo- Isidore :  see  Isidore  Mercator. 
Pseudomorphia:  see  Opium,  XII.  650,  1  a. 
Pseudop'oda  (infusoria),  I.  515,  2  a. 
Pseudopodia.  XIV.  33,  2  a,  ab  (Protoplasm)  ; 

VII.  311,  1  c;  VIII.  34,  2  ab. 


624 


PSEUDOTRITON 


PUCELLE 


Pseudotriton  (zoology),  XIV.  558,  1  a.  P. 
ruber,  ib. 

Psidium  (botany),  VIII.  292,  2  c.  P.  guaiava, 
ib.  P.  Cattleyanum,  293,  1  be  (ill.). 

Psili ,  Athenian  light  troops,  I.  788,  2  c. 

Psittacidce  [sit-tas'-e-de],  (ornithology),  XIII. 
125,  2  a. 

Psittaci'nce  (ornithology),  XIII.  126,  1  c. 

Psittac'ula  (ornithology),  XIII.  126,  2  c.  P. 
Swindereniana,  127,  1  a. 

Psittaculus  passerinus(ormtho\ogy), 111.225,2  a. 

Psit'tacus  (ornithology),  XIII.  126,  1  c.  P. 
erythracus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Pskov,  government  of  Russia,  XIV.  59.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  be. 

Psocus  (entomology),  V.  744,  1  c.  P.  pulsato- 
rius,  ib. 

Psophia  crepitans  (ornithology),  1. 172, 1  c  (ill.). 

Psophis ,  ancient  town  of  Arcadia,  I.  263,  2  b. 

Psychadce  [sl'-ka-de],  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  b. 

Psyche  [si'-ke],  in  Greek  romance,  XIV.  59. 

Psyche  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  b. 

Psychology  :  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  431,  2  c, 
432,  1  a;  X.  578,  2  c.  Father  of,  I.  706,  2  b. 

Psycho'tria  emet'ica  (botany),  IX.  342,  2  c. 

Psychrom' eter,  IX.  133,  1  c  (IIygrometry). 

Ptah,  Egyptian  divinity,  XIV.  60 ;  XIII.  436, 
1  c;  XII.  116,  1  be. 

Ptarmigan  [tar'-me-gan],  bird,  XIV.  60.  White 
ptarmigan,  or  willow  grouse,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  rock, 
61,  la;  white-tailed,  1  ab;  European,  1  be 
(ill.) ;  Scotch,  or  moorcock,  1  c. 

Ptelea  [te'-le-a],  (botany),  VIII.  814,  2  c.  P. 
trifoliata,  2  b  (ill.,  815). 

Pterela'us,  king  of  the  Taphians,  I.  264,  1  b ; 
441,  1  ab. 

Pterichthys  :  see  Ganoids,  VII.  615,  2  be. 
P.  Milleri,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pteris  (botany),  VII.  150,  2  a  (ill.,  P.  aquilina). 

Pterocarpus  draco  (botany),  XI.  726,  2  a;  VI. 
240,  1  c. 

Pterocles  [ter'-o-kleez],  (ornithology),  VIII. 
272,  1  c.  P.  arenarius,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pterodactyl,  fossil  animal,  XIV.  61  (ill.). 

Pteroglossus  (ornithology),  XV.  820,  1  c.  P. 
aracari,  2  a.  P.  Humboldtii,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pter'omys  (zoology),  VII.  298,  2  be.  P.  volu- 
cella,  2  c.  P.  Hudsonius,  299, 1  c  (ill.).  Oth¬ 
er  species,  2  a. 

Pteronu'ra  (zoology),  XII.  736,  1  c.  P.  Sam- 
bachii,  ib. 

Pterophori' tes  (entomology),  XI.  870,  2  b. 

Pter'opods:  see  Mollusca,  XI.  722,  1  ab  (pte- 
ropoda). 


Pteropus  (zoology),  II.  376,  2  c  ;  377,  1  a;  378. 

2  a,  c  (ill.,  P.  rubricollis). 

Pterygo'tus  (Crustacea),  IX.  838,  2  b. 
Ptilocercus  Lowii  (zoology),  referred  to,  III. 
104,  2  b. 

Ptilon' opus  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  1  a. 
Ptilonorhynchus  (ornithology),  III.  165,  2  be. 
P.  holosericeus,  2  c  (ill.,  166).  P.  Smithii, 
166,  2  a. 

Ptolemais  [tol-e-ma'-is] :  see  Acre. 

Ptolemy  [tol'-e-me],  name  of  thirteen  Greek 
kings  of  Egypt,  XIV.  62.  Ptolemy  IV.- 
XIII.,  2  b,  If.  Ptolemy  XIV.,  so  called,  63, 1  a. 
Ptolemy  I.  (Soter),  XIV.  63.  His  patronage 
of  learning,  I.  49,  2  c. 

Ptolemy  II.  (Philadelphus),  XIV.  63. 

Ptolemy  III.  (Euergetes),  XIV.  64. 

Ptolemy,  Claudius,  mathematician  and  philos¬ 
opher,  XIV.  64;  VII.  684,  1  b.  His  appli¬ 
cation  of  mathematics  to  astronomy,  701,  2  a. 
Climatic  zones,  IV.  679,  1  a.  View's  of  the 
Nile,  XII.  447,  2  a ;  of  the  angles  of  incidence 
and  refraction  of  light,  X.  438,  2  b. 

Pty aline  [ti'-a-lin],  in  saliva,  VI.  105,  1  a. 
Ptychemys  rugo'sa  [tik'-e-mis],  (zoology),  XV. 
661,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ptyodac'tylus  (zoology),  VII.  656,  2  c.  P.  Has- 
selquistii,  657,  1  c. 

Puants  [ptl-ans],  Indians,  XII.  157,  2  c;  XVI. 
669,  2  c. 

Puberty,  XIV.  64. 

Pubic  arch  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  2  b. 

Pubis  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  1  a. 

Public  lands ,  of  the  United  States:  see  Do¬ 
main,  VI.  194,  2  ab,  ff. ;  King,  IX.  836,  1  b  ; 
Surveying,  XV.  491,  1  c,  ff. ;  Benton,  II. 
542,  2  be;  Education,  VI.  427,  1  b.  Rail¬ 
road  grants,  XIV.  174,  1  be,  2  c. 

Publicani ,  Roman  tax  gatherers,  VI.  699,  2  c. 

Name  for  Catharists,  IV.  115,  2  c. 
Publication  societies:  see  Tract  and  Publica¬ 
tion  Societies. 

Public'ola ,  nom  de  plume,  I.  99,  1  b.  An¬ 
other,  IV.  346,  1  a. 

Publicola,  Publius  Valerius,  Roman  law¬ 
giver,  XIV.  65. 

Publius  Syrus,  Latin  comic  poet,  XIV.  65. 
Puccin'ia  gram'inis  (botany),  XI.  535,  1  be 
(ills.,  VII.  532).  P.  malvacearum,  VIIL 
770,  1  b. 

Puccoon',  name  of  several  plants,  XIV.  65. 
Puce  tint ,  of  morocco,  I.  366,  1  b. 

Pucella ,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  15,  1  a. 

Pucelle ,  la  [la  pu-sel] :  see  Joan  of  Arc. 


PUCELLE 


PULMONARY 


625 


Pucelle ,  place  de  la ,  Rouen,  IX.  642,  1  c. 

Puceron :  see  Aphis. 

Puck :  see  Fairies,  YII.  G5,  1  be. 

Puckler-Muskau,  Hermann  Ludwig  Ileinricli 
von,  prince  [puk'-ler-moos'-kow],  German 
author,  XIY.  65. 

Puddingstone ,  XIY.  600,  1  be ;  III.  240,  2  c ; 
Y.  240,  2  a. 

Puddled  bar,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX.  401,  1  c. 

Puddled  steel ,  IX.  400,  2  a. 

Puddling  :  see  Iron  Manufacture,  IX.  399, 
1  b,  ff. 

Puddling  cinder ,  IX.  400,  2  ab. 

Puebla  [pwa'-bla],  state  of  Mexico,  XIV.  66. 
Capital  city,  1  b. 

Pueblo,  county,  XIY.  66. 

Pueblo ,  county  seat,  XIY.  66,  2  ab. 

Pueblo  Indians,  XIY.  66. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  XIY.  67.  Premoni¬ 
tory  symptoms,  2  b ;  derangement  of  vis¬ 
ion,  2  c.  Characteristics  of  the  seizure,  ib. ; 
of  recovery,  68,  1  b.  Treatment,  1  c. 

Puerperal  eclampsis :  see  Puerperal  Convul¬ 
sions. 

Puerperal  Fever,  XIY.  68.  Causes  of,  2  ab. 
Varying  characteristics  of,  2  c.  Malignant, 
or  puerperal  typhus,  69,  1  ab;  symptoms 
of,  1  b.  Puerperal  peritonitis,  septicaemia, 
and  pyaemia,  1  be.  Treatment,  2  ab. 

Puerperal  Mania,  XIY.  69.  Distinguished 
from  insanity  of  pregnancy,  2  c;  from  in¬ 
sanity  of  lactation,  ib. ;  from  delirium  of 
labor,  70,  1  a;  from  melancholia,  ib.  Pre¬ 
monitory  symptoms,  and  characteristics,  ib. 
Predisposing  causes,  1  b.  Treatment,.  1  c. 

Puerto  Bello  [Sp.  pw^air'-to  ba'-lyo] :  see 
Porto  Bello. 

Puerto  Caballos  [ka-ba'-lyoce] :  see  Cortes. 

Puerto  Cabello  [ka-ba'-lyo],  seaport  of  Vene¬ 
zuela,  XIY.  70. 

Puerto  de  Isabel ,  island,  YII.  149,  2  a. 

Puerto  la  Mar  :  see  Cobija. 

Puerto  Plata,  Santo  Domingo,  XIY.  70. 

Puerto  Principe,  Santa  Maria  de  [preen'-se- 
pa],  city  of  Cuba,  XIV.  70. 

Puerto  Rico  :  see  Porto  Rico. 

Puerto  Veto  [va'-lo] :  see  Porto  Bello. 

Pufendorf,  Samuel  [poo'-fen-dorf],  German 
jurist  and  publicist,  XIY.  70.  On  interna¬ 
tional  law,  X.  223,  1  a.  See  Moral  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XI.  811,  2  b. 

Puff  Ball  :  see  Lycoperdon,  X.  743,  1  b. 
Rapid  growth  of,  1  c;  YII.  530,  1  a.  Ex¬ 
pansive  force  of,  1  ab.  Form  of,  533,  1  c. 

40 


Puff  Bird,  XIV.  71.  Collared,  2  c ;  pied,  72, 

1  a  (ill.,  71). 

Puffendorf :  see  Pufendorf. 

Puffer  fish,  XIV.  739,  1  c  (ill.). 

Puffin  :  see  Auk. 

Puffing  pig  (porpoise),  XIII.  719,  2  c. 
Puffinus  (ornithology),  XIY.  833,  2  c.  P. 

major,  834,  1  b  (ill.).  P.  Anglorum,  1  c. 
Pug  mill ,  XIII.  787,  1  c  (ill.) ;  III.  266,  2  a. 
Pugatcheff',  Yemelyan,  Cossack  chieftain, 
XIV.  72, 

Puget,  Pierre  [pfi-zha],  French  artist,  XIY.  72. 
Pu'get  Sound,  Washington  territory,  XIY.  72. 
Pughe,  William  Owen  [pu],  Welsh  author, 
XIY.  72. 

Puich  [poo-eecli']  :  see  Puy,  Raymond  du 
(Index). 

Pugilism,  XIY.  73.  In  ancient  times,  1  ab. 
Date  of  the  modern  art,  1  c.  Rules,  2  b. 
Foul  play,  74,  1  c.  First  prize  fight  in  the 
United  States,  2  a.  Slang  terms  and  phrases, 

2  b.  Training,  75,  1  ab.  Weight,  2  b.  Box¬ 
ing,  principles  and  practice  of,  2  c,  ff. 

Pu'gin,  Augustus,  English  architectural 
draughtsman,  XIY.  77.  Augustin  Welby 
Northmore,  designer  and  author,  1  c.  Ed¬ 
win  Welby,  architect,  2  b. 

Pujol,  Abel  de  :  see  Abel  de  Pujol. 

Pukhtu  [pook'-too],  Afghan  dialect,  I.  163,  1  a. 
Pulaski,  name  of  seven  counties,  XIY.  77. 
Pulaski,  county  seats,  VII.  810,  1  a;  XII. 
727,  1  a. 

Pulaski,  Casimir,  Polish  soldier,  XIY.  78. 
Pulcheria  [pul-ke'-re-a],  Byzantine  regent  and 
empress,  III.  513,  2  be. 

Pulci,  Luigi  [pool'-che],  Italian  poet,  XIY. 
79  ;  IX.  460,  2  c. 

Pulex  irritant  (entomology),  YI.  697,  1  ab.  P. 
penetrans,  1  c :  see  Chigo  (sarcopsylla  pene¬ 
trans). 

Pw^a^[pu-lis/-e-de],(entomology),YI.130,lc. 
Pulkova  [pool-ko'-va]  :  see  Observatory, 
XII.  566,  2  ab. 

Pulley  :  see  Mechanics,  XI.  327,  2  c  (ills.). 
Pulleyn ,  Robert  [pool'-len],  (12th  century),  on 
giving  the  laity  the  bread  only,  X.  640,  1  a. 
Pullo :  see  Foolahs. 

Pulmonaria  :  see  Lungwort,  X.  722,  2  a.  P. 
officinalis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Pulmonary  artery  and  reins ,  IY.  606,  2  c; 
VIII.  557,  1  be  (ill.).  Pulmonary  or  aortic 
valves,  558,  2  a  (ill.). 

Pulmonary  tuberculosis :  see  Consumption, 
Y.  282,  1  c.  Acute,  2  b. 


626 


PULMONATA 


PURPURA 


Pulmonata  (zoology),  XI.  723,  1  a. 

Pulo  di  Molfetta ,  cavern,  XI.  718,  2  a. 

Pulo  Penang  :  see  Penang. 

Pulp  cavity,  in  teeth,  XV.  606,  1  b. 

Pulque  [pool'-ka],  Mexican  fermented  drink, 
XIV.  79;  XI.  468,  2  b;  I.  403,  1  a,  180,1  be. 
Pulsatilla:  see  Anemone,  I.  490,  2  c,  491,  1  a. 
Pulse,  of  the  arteries,  XIV.  79.  Its  form,  in 
varying  conditions  of  the  system,  80,  1  be, 
ff.  (ills.). 

Pulteney,  William  [pult'-ne],  earl  of  Bath, 
English  statesman,  XIV.  81. 

Pultock,  Robert,  English  author,  XIV.  81. 
Pultowa  [pool-to'-va] :  see  Poltava. 

Pulu  [poo-loo'],  fibre  of  tree  fern,  VIII.  526,  2  c. 
Pulvilli ,  of  the  fly,  VII.  294,  1  c. 

Pulvis  antimonialis ,  I.  565,  2  ab. 

Pulvis  aromaticus ,  III.  777,  2  b. 

Puma  :  see  Couguar,  V.  422,  1  c. 

Pumice  [pum'-is] :  see  Obsidian  and  Pumice, 
and  XVI.  401,  2  ab. 

Pump,  XIV.  81.  Force  pump,  82,  1  a  (ill.)) 
83,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  double-acting,  1  be  (ill.). 
Common  suction,  82,  1  b  (ill.).  Lift  pump, 
2  c  (ill.)  ;  plunger,  83,  2  a  (ill.).  Fire  engine, 
2  b  (ill.).  Knowles’s  steam  pump,  84, 1  a  (ill.). 
Hydraulic  pressure  engine,  1  c  (ilk).  Rotary 
pumps,  2  c'(ills.,  85).  Chain  pump,  85,  2  b 
(ill.).  Centrifugal  pump,  86,  1  a ;  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  1  ab  (ill.).  Appold’s,  1  be  (ill.)  ; 
Gwynne’s,  2  a  (ill.).  Pulsometer,  2  c.  Pumps 
for  ships,  mines,  &c.,  87,  1  a.  Cornish 
bucket,  V.  72,  2  be. 

Pumpelly,  Raphael,  American  metallurgist, 
XIV.  87. 

Pumpkin,  XIV.  87.  Field  pumpkin,  2  a  (ilk). 
Native  country,  2  b.  Sugar  pumpkin,  &c., 
88,  1  a.  Medical  properties,  1  ab. 

Puna  [poo'-na],  disease  in  Bolivia,  III.  14,  1  b. 
Punch,  in  puppet  shows,  XIV.  88. 

Punch ,  in  type  making,  XVI.  93,  1  ab. 
Punchinello :  see  PuNcn. 

“  Punching  system ,”  in  naval  armament,  IX. 
388,  1  b. 

Punctuation,  in  grammar,  XIV.  88. 

Punica  granatum  (botany),  XIII.  691,  2  b. 
Punicine  [pu'-ne-sin],  acrid  substance,  XIII. 
692,  2  b. 

Punic  war,  first,  IV.  38,  2  ab;  XIV.  405,  1  b  ; 
VIII.  412,  2  a.  Origin  of,  XI.  418,  1  be. 
Second,  IV.  38,  2  c ;  XIV.  405,  2  c ;  VIII. 
442,  1  c.  Third,  IV.  39,  1  b ;  XIV.  406, 
2  ab ;  VIII.  505,  1  ab. 

Punishment  for  crime :  see  Criminal  Law. 


Punjaub',  province  of  India,  XIV.  89.  Divis¬ 
ions,  2  a.  Description,  2  b.  Irrigation,  90, 

1  c.  Climate,  2  b.  Flora,  ib.  Fauna,  91, 

1  a.  Minerals,  1  b.  Industries,  1  be.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  2  ab.  Finances,  2  b. 
Population,  2  c.  Education,  92,  1  a.  Mili¬ 
tary  importance,  1  be.  Government,  1  c. 
History,  ib.  Referred  to,  IX.  200,  2  b. 

Punjaubee,  language,  IX.  216,  2  c;  218,  1  c. 

Punk  (tinder),  VII.  531,  1  b. 

Punta  Arenas  [poon-ta-ra'-nass],  seaport  of 
Costa  Rica,  XIV.  93.  Chilian  penal  colony 
(Sandy  Point),  X.  844,  1  a. 

Punter ,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  b. 

Punty,  glass  blower’s  tool,  VIII.  14,  2  c  (ilk)  ; 
III.  144,  2  c. 

Pupa  :  see  Butterfly,  and  Chrysalis. 

Pupil  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  lb;  47,  1  ab,  c. 

Pupip'ara  (entomology),  VI.  130,  2  a. 

Puppet,  of  a  lathe,  XVI.  73,  1  b. 

Purdnas  [poo-ra'-nas],  in  Hindoo  literature, 
IX.  228,  2  be ;  223,  1  c. 

Purbach,  Georg  [poor'-bakh],  German  astron¬ 
omer,  XIV.  93  ;  I,  341,  2  b. 

Purcell,  Henry,  English  composer,  XIV.  93  ; 
XII.  90,  1  c. 

Purcell,  John  Baptist,  American  archbishop, 
XIV.  93. 

Purchas,  Samuel,  English  author,  XIV.  94. 

Purchase,  in  law,  VII.  108,  2  a. 

Purdue  university,  IX.  238,  1  c.  University 
building  (view),  X.  94,  1  a.  Purdue,  John, 
its  founder,  ib. 

Purdy,  county  seat,  X.  801,  2  c. 

Pure  juice,  port  wine,  XIII.  746,  1  c. 

Purgatory,  XIV.  94.  St.  Patrick’s,  VI.  32, 
1  a.  Mohammedan,  I.  237,  2  a. 

Purgstall,  Hammer:  see  Hammer-Purgstall. 

Purim,  feast  of,  I.  Ill,  1  c;  VI.  741,  1  a. 

Puritan,  XIV.  94.  See  Nonconformists,  XII. 
479,  2  a. 

Puritan  Sunday,  X.  636,  1  c. 

Purley,  Diversions  of,  XV.  797,  2  c. 

Purlins ,  of  a  truss,  XIV.  421,  1  b. 

Purple,  color,  XIV.  94. 

Purple-cane  family ,  raspberries,  XIV.  210, 1  c. 

Purple  of  Cassius  :  see  Cassius,  Purple  of, 
and  VIII.  26,  1  be ;  XV.  760,  1  a.  In  gems, 
VII.  664,  2  c. 

Purple  emperor,  butterfly,  III.  500,  1  a. 

Purple  foxglove ,  plant,  VI.  106,  2  a  (ilk). 

Purple  fringe  tree,  XV.  462, 1  c. 

Pur' pur  a :  see  Murex,  XII.  54,  2  b,  and  VI. 
339,  1  a. 


PURPURA 


PYRAMID 


627 


Purpura  hemorrhagica,  disease,  XII.  Gl,  1  b. 
Purpurates,  salts,  XIV.  95. 

Purpure ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a. 
Purpurine  [pur'-pu-rin],  I.  321,  1  b,  c. 

Purre ,  bird,  XIV.  599,  2  be. 

Purse  line ,  in  mackerel  fishing,  X.  792,  2  ab. 
Pursh,  Frederick,  American  botanist,  XIV.  95. 
Purslane,  plant,  XIV.  95.  Common,  1  c  (ill.). 
Hairy,  2  c.  Garden  portulacas,  ib.  Sea 
purslanes,  96,  1  a.  Black  and  milk  purs¬ 
lane,  so  called,  ib.  Spring  beauty,  1  ab. 
Purupurus  [poo-roo-poo-roos'],  Indian  tribe, 
XVI.  41,  1  c. 

PuRtis  [poo-rooce'],  S.  American  river,  XIV.  96. 
Purusha ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  c. 
Purva-Mimdnsa  [poor'-va-me-man'-sa],  in  Hin¬ 
doo  philosophy,  IX.  227,  2  c. 

Pus  corpuscles,  IX.  276,  2  b. 

Pusey,  Edward  Bouverie,  English  clergyman, 
XIV.  96.  Puseyite  party,  1  c. 

Pushan  [poo'-shan],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX. 
223,  2  c. 

Pushkin,  Alexander  Sergeyevitch  [poosh'-kin], 
Russian  poet,  XIV.  96. 

Pushtaneh  [poosh-ta'-neh],  Afghans,  1. 162,  2  c. 
Pw$^£w[poosh'-too],  Afghan  language,  1. 163,1a. 
Pus'tule,  Malignant,  XIV.  97.  Phenomena  of, 

1  a,  ff.  Another  variety,  2  b.  Pathology, 

2  c.  Causes,  98,  1  a.  Malignant  carbuncle 
in  herbivorous  animals,  1  ab.  Treatment, 

1  c.  Historv,  2  c. 

Puteolanum ,  Cicero’s  villa,  IV.  573,  1  c. 
Pute'oli :  see  Pozzuoli. 

Putlitz,  Gustav  Heinrich  Gans  zu  [gance  tsoo 
poot'-lits],  German  poet,  XIV.  99. 

Putnam,  name  of  nine  counties,  XIV.  99. 
Putnam,  Israel,  revolutionary  soldier,  XIV. 

100  ;  III.  435  (Bunker  Hill). 

Putnam,  Mary  Lowell,  American  authoress, 
XIV.  101. 

Putnam,  Rufus,  American  pioneer,  XIV.  101. 
Putnam's  hill,  VIII.  239,  2  ab. 

Putorius  (zoology),  XI.  600,  2  a;  XVI.  521, 

2  a;  VI.  716,  1  b.  P.  erminea,  VI.  716, 
1  b,  c ;  VII.  537,  1  b.  P.  Xoveboracensis, 
VI.  716,  1  c  (ills.).  P.  Richardsonii  (or  P. 
agilis),  717,  1  be.  P.  longicauda,  1  c.  P. 
Cicognanii  (or  P.  fuscus),  ib.  P.  Kaneii,  2  a. 
P.  feetidus,  VII.  154,  1  c.  P.  furo,  2  a  (ill.). 
P.  vison,  XI.  600,  2  a  (ill.) ;  VII.  536,  1  ab. 
P.  lutreola,  XI.  601,  1  a.  P.  communis, 
XIII.  658,  2  a  (ill.);  VII.  538,  2  c.  P.  pu- 
sillus,  XVI.  521,  2  be.  P.  vulgaris,  2  c  (ill.). 
P.  frenatus,  522,  1  a. 


Putrefaction  :  see  Fermentation,  VII.  144, 

1  b,  and  I.  571,  1  b. 

Putrid  sea,  II.  175,  1  be  (Azov). 

Putting  ground :  see  Golf.  > 

Putty,  a  kind  of  cement,  XIV.  102. 

Putty  powder,  XV.  759,  2  be.  In  glass  making, 
VIII.  21,  2  c. 

Putumayo  [poo-too-ma'-yo],  river,  VI.  395,  1  a; 
III.  219,  2  c. 

n v£oe,  box  tree,  III.  169,  2  be. 

Puy,  Le  [luh  pti-e],  town  of  France,  XIV.  102. 
Puy,  Raymond  du  [dii  pti-e],  crusader:  see 
Saint  John  of  Jerusalem,  XIV.  535, 1  c,  if. 
Puy-de-Dome,  department  of  France,  XIV.  102. 
Puysegur,  marquis  de  [pii-e-sa-gur],  (Armand 
Marie  Jacques  de  Chastenet,  1751-1825,  gen¬ 
eral,  author  of  works  on  animal  magnetism), 
I.  526,  1  b. 

Pyemia,  disease,  VIII.  562,  2  a;  XIV.  69, 1  c. 
Pyat,  F61ix  [pe-ya],  French  author,  XIV.  102. 
Pycnidia ,  in  botany,  X.  410,  1  ab  (ill.,  409); 
VII.  533,  1  b. 

Pycnog' onum  littora'le  (arachnida),  (ill.),  XIV. 
742,  2  a. 

Pydna,  ancient  town,  XIV.  103. 

Pygargus,  kind  of  eagle,  VI.  349,  2  ab. 
Pygmalion,  legendary  king  of  Cyprus,  XIV. 

103.  Of  Tyre :  see  Dido, 

Pygmy,  race  of  dwarfs,  XIV.  103. 

Pygolam'pis  xanthoph' otis  (entomology),  VII. 
214,  1  b. 

Pygop'terus  (fossil  ichthyology),  VII.  616,  2  ab. 
Pylades  [pil'-a-deez] :  see  Orestes. 

Pylades,  Roman  dancer,  II.  243,  2  b;  391,  1  c. 
Pyle :  see  Thermopylae. 

Pyloric  cecal  appendages,  of  fishes,  XIII.  35,  2  c. 
Pylo'rus  (anatomy),  I.  318,  1  b  (ill.) ;  XV.  345, 

2  c  (ill.)  ;  XIII.  484,  2  a. 

Pylos,  three  ancient  towns  of  Greece,  XIV.  103. 
Pym,  John,  English  patriot,  XIV.  104. 
Pynaker,  Adam  [pl'-na-ker],  Dutch  painter, 
XIV.  104. 

Pynchon,  William,  magistrate,  XV.  289,  1  be. 

“  Pynchon  house,”  1  c. 

Pyracanth,  hedge  plant,  VIII.  604,  2  b. 
PyraVides  (entomology),  XI.  302, 1  c ;  870, 1  a. 
Pyra'lis  farina'lis  (entomology),  XI.  313,  1  b 
(ill.) ;  870,  1  ab. 

Pyr'amid,  XIV.  104.  Egyptian  pyramids,  2  a ; 
I.  654,  1  be.  Mastaba,  XIV.  104,  2  b  (ill.). 
Great  pyramid  (of  Cheops),  105,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
cement  used  in  its  construction,  IV.  180,  2  c. 
Asiatic,  XIV.  107,  1  a.  Roman,  1  ab.  Ameri¬ 
can,  1  b :  see  American  Antiquities,  I.  396, 


628 


PYRAMID 


PYTHON  OMORPHS 


2  ab,  ff .  (ills.) ;  Cholttla  ;  Iliniza  ;  and  Mex¬ 
ico,  XI.  483,  1  ab. 

Pyramid  lake ,  Nevada  (now  in  Roop  co.),  XII. 
264,  1  a,  ab. 

Pyramids ,  battle  of  the,  XI.  74, 1  b  ;  III.  40,  1  a. 
Pyr'amus  and  This'be,  legendary  lovers,  XIV. 
107. 

Pyranga  (ornithology),  XY.  563,  2  a.  P.  rubra, 
2  ab  (ill.). 

Pyrar'gyrite ,  ore  of  silver,  XY.  50,  1  a. 
Pyrenees  [pir-e-neez'J,  mountain  range,  XIY. 

107.  Treaty  of  the,  VII.  383,  1  c. 
Pyrenees,  Basses :  see  BAssEs-PYRENisE9.f 
Pyrenees,  Ilautes :  see  Hautes-Pyr^nees. 
Pyrenees  -  Orientales  [pe-ra-na-zo-re-ang-tal], 
department  of  France,  XIY.  108. 

Pyrethrum  carneum  (botany),  XIII.  328,  2  b. 
P.  roseum,  ib.  P.  Willemoti,  2  be.  P. 
Tchihatcheffi,  X.  222,  1  a. 

Pyrexia,  pyrexice :  see  Fever,  and  Fevers. 
Pyrheliometer,  I.  76,  2  a. 

Pyrite  [pir'-ite],  crystal,  Y.  538,  2  b. 

Pyrites  [pe-ri'-teez],  XIY.  109 ;  IX.  366,  2  a. 
Iron  and  arsenical,  argentiferous  character 
of,  XY.  50,  1  b. 

Fyrmont  [peer'-munt],  German  watering  place, 
XIY.  109. 

Pyro-electricity ,  XY.  697,  2  a. 

Pyro-gallic  acid,  YII.  577,  2  c. 

Pyroligneous  Acid,  XIY.  109;  I.  62,  1  a; 
XII.  133,  1  c. 

Pyroligneous  ether  or  spirit :  see  Pyroxylio 
Spirit. 

Pyroligneous  vinegar:  see  Pyroligneous  Acid. 
Pyrolu'site,  mineral,  XI.  102,  2  be. 
Pyr'omancy,  method  of  divination,  X.  846, 
2c;  YI.  154,  1  b. 

Pyrom'eter,  measure  of  heat,  XIY.  109.  Vari¬ 
ous  forms  of,  2  c.  Daniell’s,  110,  1  b  (ills.) ; 
111,  1  be.  Wedgwood’s,  111,  1  a.  Air 
pyrometers,  1  c;  Jolly’s  air  thermometer, 
2  b  (ill.).  Pouillet’s  method,  112,  2  a.  Bec- 
querel’s  pyrometer,  113,  1  a.  Siemens’s, 
113,  1  be  (ills.,  114,  115).  Mayer’s,  116, 
1  ab.  Lamy’s,  YI.  140,  1  b ;  III.  772,  1  c. 


Pyromor'phite ,  phosphate  of  lead,  X.  250,  1  ah 
Pyr'onene ,  an  explosive,  YII.  35,  2  a. 
Pypophone,  musical  instrument,  XIY.  116. 
Pyroph'orus,  inflammable  substance,  XIY.  116. 
Pyrophorus  noctilucus  (entomology),  YII.  213, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Pyroteohny,  art  of  makingfireworks,  XIY.  117. 
Pyr'oxene,  mineral,  XIY.  118. 

Pyroxyl'ic  Spirit,  XIY.  118;  XII.  133,  1  c. 
Pyroxyline  [pir-ox'-e-lin]  :  see  Explosives, 
YII.  35,  2  b. 

Pyrrha  :  see  Deucalion,  YI.  53,  2  c. 

Pyrrho,  Greek  philosopher,  XIY.  118;  XIII. 
438,  2  a. 

Pyrrhonists ,  followers  of  Pyrrho,  XIY.  1 1 8, 2  be. 
Pyrrhula  rnbicilla  (ornithology),  III.  426, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Pyrrhus,  son  of  Achilles:  see  Neoptolemus. 
Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus,  XIY.  118 ;  X.  570, 

1  b;  YII.  52,  2  c. 

Pyrus  (botany),  XIII.  211, 1  b ;  XIY.  152, 1  a; 

784,  2  a ;  XI.  355,  2  c.  P.  Americana,  I.  806, 

2  b.  P.  (or  sorbus)  aucuparia,  2  c ;  XIY. 

785,  1  a.  P.  communis,  XIII.  211,  1  b.  P. 
Cydonia,  XIY.  152,  1  a  (ill.,  151).  P.  Japo- 
nica,  152,  2  b  (ill.).  P.  microcarpa,  I.  806, 
2  c.  P.  sorbus,  XIY.  784,  2  a  (ill.).  P. 
torminalis,  785,  2  a. 

Pythag'oras,  Greek  philosopher,  XIY.  119. 
Proposition  of,  in  geometry,  YII.  700,  2  c. 
See  Harmony,  YIII.  466,  1  ab  ;  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  808,  1  a ;  Philosophy, 
XIII.  429,  2  be,  c,  436,  2  be. 

Pythago'rean  letter  (Y),  XYI.  760,  1  be. 
Pyth'eas,  Greek  navigator,  XIY.  120. 

Pythia,  priestess  of  the  Delphic  oracle,  Y. 

785,  2  ab;  XII.  660,  1  c. 

Pythian  Games,  XIY.  121.  Referred  to,  XY. 
701,  2  be. 

Pythias  :  see  Damon  and  Pythias. 

Python,  genus  of  serpents,  XIY.  121;  II.  762, 
1  c  (ill.);  I.  169,  1  a.  In  mythology:  see 
Pytman  Games. 

Pythonomorphs,  fossil  sea  serpents,  referred 
to,  YI.  487,  2  be. 


/ 


Q 


QUATERNARY 


629 


a 


Q,  a  letter,  XIY.  121.  Relation  to  the  He¬ 
brew  and  Phoenician,  1  b;  to  the  Latin,  ib. ; 
to  the  Anglo-Saxon,  1  c.  Interchanges,  ib. 
As  a  Latin  numeral,  ib. ;  an  abbreviation,  ib. 
“  Q.  Q .,  Contributions  of”  XY.  593,  2  a. 

Qua  Bird  :  see  Night  Heron,  XII.  443,  2  b. 
Quack  (grass),  Y.  420,  2  b;  YIII.  166,  2  c. 
Quaokenbos,  George  Payn,  American  educa¬ 
tor,  XIY.  121. 

Quade ;  see  Grane. 

Quadi,  ancient  German  people,  XIY.  121. 

Roman  victory  over,  I.  574,  2  c. 

Quadra  and  Vancouver  island ,  XYI.  256,  2  be. 
Quadrant,  for  measuring  angles,  XIY.  121. 
Hadley’s  (Godfrey’s),  122,  1  b.  Gunner’s 
square,  2  a. 

Quadrats ,  in  printing  (1  en  to  3  ems),  XIII. 
847,  2  a. 

Quadrature,  in  mathematics,  XIY.  122.  Prob¬ 
lem  of  the  quadrature  of  the  circle,  2  ab ; 
of  the  ratio  of  the  diameter  to  the  circum¬ 
ference  in  arithmetical  terms,  2  b,  ff. ;  in 
geometrical  construction,  123,  1  c.  Yieta’s 
algebraic  expression  of  it  referred  to,  I. 
302,  1  a. 

Quadrilateral  of  fortresses ,  X.  320,  2  ab  (Le- 

GNAGO). 

Quad'rireme ,  ancient  galley,  YII.  575,  2  ab. 
Quadrivium  and  trivium ,  in  mediaeval  educa¬ 
tion,  IY.  66,  1  c ;  V.  670,  1  ab. 

Quadroon',  XII.  217,  1  ab. 

Quadru'mana,  division  of  the  mammalia,  XIY. 
123.  Families,  2  c.  Anatomy,  124,  1  b. 
Distribution,  2  a.  Fossil  remains,  2  ab. 
Zoological  relations,  2  b. 

Quadrupeds ,  XI.  75,  1  a;  79,  2  b. 

Quadruple  alliance,  against  Spain,  I.  250,  2  a. 
Quaestor,  Roman  officer,  XIY.  124. 

Quagga,  animal,  XIY.  125  (ill.). 

Quahada,  Indians,  Y.  132,  2  b. 

Quahaug  :  see  Clam,  and  XI.  722,  1  a. 

Quail,  bird,  XIY.  125.  Common  American, 
2  c  (ill.,  126) ;  California,  126,  2  ab  (ill.) ; 
European,  2  c  (ill.,  127);  Chinese,  127,  1  b. 
Bush  quails,  ib. 

Quake  (grass),  Y.  420,  2  b. 

Quaker  buttons,  XII.  546,  1  ab. 

Quakers  :  see  Friends.  Executed  on  Boston 
Common,  III.  126,  2  c.  Supposed  origin  of 
the  name,  YII.  361,  2  a;  493,  2  b. 


Qualified  fee,  in  law,  YII.  108,  2  c. 

Quangsi :  see  Kwangsi. 

Quanta  Cura,  papal  bull,  XY.  536,  2  b. 
Quantiv' alence,  XL  583,  2  b  (Mineralogy). 
Quantrell ,  guerilla  captain,  X.  232,  2  c;  IX. 
756,  2  a. 

Quapaws,  Indians,  IX.  180,  2  c;  I.  712,  2  a. 
Quarantine,  police  regulation,  XIY.  127.  Date 
of  in  Europe,  2  b ;  in  England,  128, 1  be ;  in 
the  United  States,  1  c.  Review  of  its  his¬ 
tory,  2  ab.  Rigorous  quarantine,  129,  1  a. 
Defective  in  the  United  States,  1  c ;  attempt¬ 
ed  remedy,  130,  1  b.  New  York  establish¬ 
ment,  129,  2  a.  Quarantine  in  France,  130, 

1  b ;  in  India,  1  c.  Substitute  for,  2  a. 

Qua' re  impe'dit,  in  law,  YII.  25,  2  c ;  26,  1  c. 

See  Disseisin,  YI.  139,  1  b. 

Quarken,  straits  of,  III.  138,  2  c. 

Quarles,  Francis,  English  author,  XIY.  130. 
John,  131,  1  a. 

Quarrellers,  Indians,  IX.  788,  1  a. 

Quarreltown,  Scotland,  subterranean  fire  at, 
XIY.  109,  1  c. 

Quarry,  XI.  569,  2  a  (Mine). 

Quartan  type  of  fever,  YII.  164,  2  c.  Double 
quartan,  165,  1  a. 

Quarter,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  2  b. 

Quarter  deck,  of  a  ship,  XII.  187,  2  b. 

Quarter  section,  of  U.  S.  lands,  XY.  491,  2  a. 
Quarter  tenses,  Catholic  fasts,  VI.  559,  2  ab. 
Quartered,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  671,  2  c. 
Quartering  of  coats  of  arms,  in  heraldry,  YIII. 
673,  2  c ;  674,  1  a. 

Quarterly  quartered,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  671, 

2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Quarterly  meeting :  see  Methodism,  XI.  452,2  c. 
Quartet',  in  music,  XII.  91,  1  b. 

Quarto,  form  of  book,  III.  75,  2  c. 
Quartodecimans,  YI.  374,  1  a  (Easter). 
Quartz,  mineral,  XIY.  131.  Rock  crystal, 
2  be.  Brazilian  pebbles,  2  c.  White  topaz, 
or  California  diamonds,  ib.  Quartz  gold, 
132,  1  ab;  extraction  of,  YIII.  84,  1  b. 
Quartzite ,  XIY.  131,  1  ab;  370,  1  be. 

Quass,  Russian  distilled  spirit,  XIY.  504,  2  a. 
Quaschi:  see  Coaiti,  IY.  725,  2  c. 

Quassia,  bitter  drug,  XIY.  132.  Bitter  wood, 
1  b  (ill.).  Bitter  cups,  or  quassia  cups,  2  ab. 
Quassiine  [kwos'-se-in],  XIY.  132,  2  a. 
Quaternary  age,  in  geology,  XIII.  613,  2  c. 


630 


QUATERNARY 


quErouaille 


Quaternary  bodies ,  in  chemistry,  XII.  475,  1  a. 
Quaterne ,  the,  in  a  lottery,  X.  647,  1  be. 
Quaternions,  in  geometry,  VII.  700,  2  be,  702, 

1  c ;  VIII.  424,  2  b;  XI.  275,  1  a. 
Quatlamba  mountains ,  Africa,  I.  164,  2  be. 
Quatre  Bras  [ka-trnh  bra] :  see  Waterloo, 

XVI.  505,  1  b,  c. 

Quatrefages  de  Breau,  Jean  Louis  Armand 
de  [ka-truh-fazh  dhh  bra-o],  French  natural¬ 
ist,  XIV.  132. 

Quatre-foil ,  double ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 

2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Quatremere,  Etienne  Marc  [ka-truh-mair], 
French  orientalist,  XIV.  133. 

Quatremere  de  Quincy,  Antoine  Chrysostom e 
[duh  kane-se],  French  archaeologist,  XIV.  133. 
Quatuor,  XII.  94,  2  b  (Musical  Box). 

Quawk :  see  Qua  Bird. 

Quebec,  province  of  Canada,  XIV.  133.  Polit¬ 
ical  divisions,  2  a.  Population,  2  be.  To¬ 
pography,  134,  1  be.  Hydrography,  2  a.  Ge¬ 
ology  and  minerals,  135,  2  a.  Climate,  2  be. 
Soil,  136,  1  a.  Flora  and  fauna,  1  b.  In¬ 
dustries,  ib.  Commerce,  2  a.  Intercom¬ 
munication,  2  c.  Government,  137,  1  ab. 
Public  institutions,  2  be.  Education,  2  c. 
Newspapers,  &c.,  138,  2  b.  Religious  or¬ 
ganizations,  2  be.  History,  2  c.  Industrial 
statistics,  XII.  822-’4  (Appendix). 

Quebec,  county,  XIV.  139. 

Quebec,  city,  XIV.  139  (view).  Wolf’s  monu¬ 
ment,  140, 1  b  (ill.).  Lower  town,  1  c.  New 
Liverpool,  2  ab.  South  Quebec,  ib.  Public 
buildings,  2  c.  Harbor,  141, 1  b.  Commerce, 
ib.  Manufactures,  1  c.  Benevolent  institu¬ 
tions,  2  ab.  Educational  institutions,  142, 
1  a.  Laval  university,  1  b.  History,  143, 1  b. 
Quedlinburg  [kwed'-lin-boorg],  town  of  Prus¬ 
sia,  XIV.  143. 

Queen,  wife  of  a  king,  or  a  female  sovereign, 
XIV.  144. 

“  Queen ,  the  little ,"  mistress  of  Charles  VI.  of 
France,  IV.  286,  1  c. 

Queen  Anne,  county,  XIV.  144. 

Queen  Anne's  bounty,  I.  531,  1  a. 

Queen  Anne's  pocket  piece,  cannon,  III.  706,  2  c. 
Queen  bee,  II.  452,  2  a  (ill.);  454, 1  a ;  456, 1  a,  c. 
Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  N.  Pacific,  XIV.  144. 
Queen  Charlotte  Sound:  see  Vancouver 
Island. 

Queen  conch  shell,  VIII.  792,  2  c;  III.  652,  1  c. 
Queen  Mab:  see  Mab,  and  Fairies,  VII.  65, 1  b. 
Queen  of  the  meadows,  plant,  XV.  274,  1  c. 
Queen  of  the  prairie,  plant,  XV.  275,  1  a. 


Queen-post  truss ,  XIV.  421,  1  be  (ill.). 

Queens,  county,  XIV.  144. 

Queen’s,  three  counties  of  Canada,  XIV.  144. 
Queen’s,  county  of  Ireland,  XIV.  145. 

Queen's  counsel ,  lawyer,  X.  237,  1  b. 

Queen's  delight,  plant,  XV.  559,  2  be. 

Queen's  Ferry  covenant,  referred  to,  III.  786, 1  c. 
Queensland,  Australian  colony,  XIV.  145. 
Population,  1  b ;  religious  division  of,  ib. 
Coast  line,  1  c.  Physical  features,  2  ab. 
Climate,  146,  1  a.  Productions,  ib.  Miner¬ 
als,  1  be.  Government,  1  c.  Education,  2  ab. 
Commerce,  2  be.  History,  147,  1  a. 

Queen's  metal,  alloy,  XIII.  377,  1  b. 
Queenstown,  Ireland,  XIV.  147. 

Queenstown  heights,  battle  of,  XIV.  710,  1  b. 
Queen's  ware,  pottery,  XIII.  783,  1  ab. 
Quek'ett,  John  Thomas,  English  microscopist, 
XIV.  147. 

Quelpaert  Island  [kwel'-part],  XIV.  147. 
Quenaudon,  Marie  Therese  [kuh-no-d6nB],  (Mme. 
Piron),  XIII.  540,  1  b. 

Querard,  Joseph  Marie  [ka-rar],  French  bib¬ 
liographer,  XIV.  147. 

Quercitannic  acid,  XV.  567,  1  c. 

Quercitrine  [kwer-cit'-rin],  XIV.  147,  2  be. 
Quercitron,  dyestuff,  XIV.  147 ;  II.  314,  1  c. 
Quercus  (botany),  XII.  551,  1  b.  Q.  alba,  2  c 
(ill.,  552)  ;  obtusiloba,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  macrocar- 
pa,  553,  1  a  (ill.);  lyrata,  1  c;  bicolor,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  prinus,  2  ab  ;  var.  monticola,  or  mon- 
tana,  2  c  (ill.,  554) ;  var.  acuminata,  or  cas- 
tanea,  1  a ;  var.  Michauxii,  1  c ;  var.  humi- 
lis,  2  a.  Q.  virens,  2  b  (ills.)  ;  var.  maritima 
and  dentata,  555,  1  a.  Q.  cinerea,  1  c ;  phel- 
los,  ib. ;  var.  laurifolia,  ib.,  and  arenaria,  2  a. 
Q.  imbricaria,  ib. ;  aquatica,  ib. ;  nigra,  ib. ; 
Leana,  heterophylla,  and  ilicifolia,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
falcata,  2  c ;  Catesbsei,  556,  1  a ;  coccinea, 

1  ab  (ill.) ;  var.  tinctoria,  1  c.  Q.  rubra,  2  a ; 
Garryana,  2  ab;  lobata  and  Hindsii,  2  b; 
Douglasii  and  densiflora,  2  c ;  chrysolepis, 
crassipocula,  and  fulvescens,  ib. ;  agrifolia, 
557,  1  a  (ill.);  robur,  1  be,  c  (ill.);  var.  ses- 
siliflora  and  pedunculata,  1  c.  Q.  cerris, 

2  b ;  ilex,  2  c ;  ballota  and  Gramuntia,  1  ab ; 
segilops,  1  b  (ill.) ;  var.  camata  and  camatina, 
1  c.  Q.  coccifera,  mannifera,  vallonea,  and 
Persica,  ib. 

Queretaro  [ka-ra'-ta-ro],  state  of  Mexico,  XIV. 
147.  Capital,  148,  1  a. 

Querini,  Girolamo  [kwa-re'-ne],  Italian  schol¬ 
ar,  XIV.  148. 

Querouaille,  Louise  de  [kair-way’],  mistress  of 


QUERQUEDULA 


QUITCH 


631 


Charles  II.,  made  duchess  of  Portsmouth, 
III.  387,  la;  IY.  283,  2  c. 

Querquedu'la  (ornithology),  XY.  603,  2  b. 

Quesada  :  see  Ximenes  de  Quesada. 

Quesnay,  Frangois  [ka-na],  French  economist, 
XIV.  148. 

Quesnel,  Pasquier  [ka-nel],  French  theologian, 
XIY.  148.  ' 

Question  (torture),  XY.  814,  1  c. 

Quetelet,  Lambert  Adolphe  Jacques  [ka-tla], 
Belgian  statistician,  XIY.  148. 

Quetsche  plum,  XIII.  621,  1  c  (ill.). 

Quetzalcoatl  [ket-sal-kwatb],  in  Mexican 
mythology,  XIY.  149;  XI.  474,  1  c;  I.  397, 
1  a;  IY.  515,  2  a,  c;  temple  of,  ib. 

Quevedo  y  Villegas,  Francisco  Gomez  de 
[ka-va'-£7m  e  ve-lya'-gass],  Spanish  author, 
XIY.  149 ;  XY.  222,  1  be. 

Quezaltenango  [ka-sal-ta-nang'-go],  department 
and  city  of  Guatemala,  VIII.  290,  1  b,  2  a,  be. 

Quia  emptores ,  statute,  Y.  150,  1  c. 

$wifoZ0[keeb'-do],  town  of  Colombia,  II.  89,  2  ab. 

Quiches  [ke-chace'J,  nation  of  Guatemala,  XIY. 
149. 

Quichuas  [ke'-chwas],  people  of  Peru,  XIY.  150. 

Quickening ,  in  pregnancy,  I.  27,  2  c. 

Quicklime ,  X.  477,  2  ab.  See  Carbonates, 
III.  772,  1  c. 

Quickset ,  plant,  XY.  722,  1  c. 

Quicksilver  :  see  Mercury. 

Quietism  :  see  Molinos,  XI.  720,  1  c. 

Quignones ,  cardinal  [ke-nyone],  reformed  bre¬ 
viary  of,  referred  to,  Y.  153,  2  ab. 

Quilimane  [ke-le-ma'-na],  town  of  Mozam¬ 
bique,  XIY.  150. 

Quill ,  of  a  feather,  VII.  103,  2  b. 

Quill,  in  watch-making  machinery,  IY.  705,  2  a. 

Quillaja  saponaria  (botany),  XY.  138,  2  a. 

Quillay  [ke-lyi'],  tree,  XIII.  338,  1  b. 

Quillinan ,  Edward ,  English  author,  XYI.  729, 
1  a. 

Quillwort,  genus  of  plants,  XIY.  150  (ill., 
151);  X.  744,  1  b. 

Quiloa  [ke'-lwa] :  see  Kilwa. 

Quimper  [kang-pair],  town  of  France,  XIY.  151. 

Quin,  James,  English  actor,  XIY.  151. 

Quinary  flowers,  VIII.  31,  1  a. 

Quinary  System  (Macleay’s):  see  Entomology, 
YI.  661, 1  ab,and  Ornithology,  XII. 706,  lb. 

Quinate  leaves ,  XIII.  525,  2  a. 

Quin ault,  Philippe  [ke-no],  French  dramatist, 
XIY.  151. 

Quince,  plant,  XIY.  151.  Apple-shaped,  152, 
1  c  (ill.,  151) ;  Chinese,  2  b  ;  Japan,  ib.  (ill.). 


Quincey ,  Thomas  Be :  see  De  Quincey. 

Quincy  [k  win'-ze],  town  of  Massachusetts,  XIY. 
153. 

Quincy,  city  of  Illinois,  XIY.  153. 

Quincy ,  county  seats,  I.  82,  1  c  (two),  2  a; 
VII.  551,  1  c;  XIII.  621,  2  b. 

Quincy,  Josiah,  jr.,  American  lawyer  and  rev¬ 
olutionary  patriot,  XIY.  153.  Josiah,  states¬ 
man,  154,  1  c.  Denunciation  of  the  slave¬ 
holding  interest,  2  a;  of  the  war  of  1812, 
2  ab.  Ruling  on  the  law  of  libel,  2  be.  Ed¬ 
mund,  author,  155,  1  a  (died  1877). 

Quincy,  Quatremere  de :  see  Quatrem^re  de 
Quincy. 

Quinebaug  river  [kwin-e-bawg'J,  Connecticut, 
Y.  251,  2  ab,  b. 

Quinepiack  river  [kwin-e-pe-ak'],  Y.  251,  1  c. 

Quinet, Edgar [ke-na], French  author,  XIY.  155. 

Quinia  [kwin'-e-a],  IY.  586,  1  a  (twice),  1  c, 
2  a ;  587, 1  a,  be.  As  an  antiseptic,  I.  571,  2  b. 

Quinio  Acid  :  see  Kinio  Acid. 

Quinidia ,  quinicia ,  IY.  586,  2  b,  be. 

Quinine  [kwl'-nine  or  kwin'-ine] :  see  Cincho¬ 
na,  IY.  586,  1  a.  In  fever,  VII.  165, 1  b,  2  a. 

Quinipissas ,  Indian  tribe,  II.  405,  2  a. 

Quinoa  [ke'-nwa],  plant,  YI.  34,  2  c. 

Quinoidine  [kwin-oi'-din],  IY.  586,  1  c. 

Quinotannic  acid ,  XY.  567,  1  c. 

Quin' quereme,  ancient  galley,  VII.  575,  2  b. 

Quinsig' amond,  Lake ,  XIV.  456,  2  a,  c ;  457, 1  a. 

Quinsy,  throat  disease,  XIY.  155 ;  XY.  796,  2  b. 

Quintana  [keen-ta'-na],  Manuel  Jose,  Spanish 
poet,  XIY.  155. 

Quinte ,  musical  instrument,  XYI.  367,  1  a. 

Quintianus ,  pagan  tyrant,  I.  179,  1  a. 

Quintilian,  Marcus  Fabius,  Roman  rhetorician, 
XIY.  156 ;  X.  197,  2  ab. 

Quintus  Curtius  Rufus  :  see  Curtius. 

Quintus  Icilius  :  see  GuiscnARD. 

Quinze  Vingts ,  hospice  des  [us-peece  da  kangz 
vang],  hospital  for  the  blind,  II.  715,  1  b. 

Quipu  [ke-poo'j,  Peruvian  sign  writing,  XIII. 
341,  1  ab;  748,  1  c. 

Quirina  academy  [kwe-re'-na],  its  establish¬ 
ment,  VIII.  175,  2  c. 

Quirinal  hill  ( Quirinalis  mons ),  of  Rome,  XIY. 
409,  1  ab;  410,  2  a. 

Quiri'nus :  see  Mars,  XI.  190,  2  c,  and  Romu¬ 
lus,  XIY.  419,  1  b. 

Quirites  [kwe-ri'-teez] :  see  Cures. 

Quis'calus  (ornithology),  VIII.  145,  1  b,  2  ab. 
Q.  macrourus,  2  b  ;  major,  2  be  ;  versicolor, 
146,  1  b  (ill.),  II.  676,  1  b. 

Quitch  (grass),  Y.  420,  2  b. 


632 


QUITCLAIM 


RADISH 


Quitclaim,  in  law,  XIV.  156. 

Quitman,  county,  XIV.  156. 

Quitman ,  county  seats,  III.  327,  1  b ;  IV.  636, 
1  a ;  XVI.  705,  2  be. 

Quitman,  John  Anthony,  American  politician, 
XIV.  156. 

Quito  [ke'-to],  city  of  Ecuador,  XIV.  157. 
History,  2  ab. 

Quitus  [ke'-toos],  Indians,  VI.  397,  1  b. 


Quoin ,  hollow  [koin],  of  a  canal  lock,  HI.  681, 

1  b.  Quoin  post,  or  heel,  ib. 

Quoratem ,  Indians,  X.  22,  1  b. 

Quorneth ,  temple  of  at  Thebes  (ill.),  I.  654. 
Quorra  (Niger),  I.  166,  2  a;  XII.  441,  1  c. 
Quotidian  type  of  fever ,  VII.  164,  2  c.  Dou¬ 
ble  quotidian,  165,  1  a. 

Quo  warranto :  see  Ejectment,  VII.  26,  1  a, 

2  a;  Scire  Facias,  XIV.  695,  2  b. 


R 


R,  a  letter,  XIV.  157.  Relation  to  the  Greek,  j 
Hebrew,  and  Phoenician,  1  c.  Pronunciation, 

2  c ;  in  other  languages,  158,  1  a.  Inter¬ 
change  with  other  letters,  1  ab.  As  a  nu¬ 
meral,  1  b ;  an  abbreviation,  ib. 

Ea  [ra],  Egyptian  divinity,  XII.  116,  1  c ;  VI. 
464,  1  ab.  Symbol  of,  1  b. 

Raab  [rab],  county  of  Hungary,  XIV.  158. 
Capital  city,  1  b. 

Rab,  prefix  :  see  Rabbi. 

Eababa ,  musical  instrument,  II.  450,  2  a. 

Rabannes ,  matting,  X.  812,  2  be. 

Rabanus  Maurus,  German  theologian,  XIV. 
158. 

Rabat  [ra-bat'J,  town  of  Morocco,  XIV.  158. 

Rabban ,  title,  VII.  605,  2  b.  See  Rabbi. 

Rabbath-Ammon  :  see  Philadelphia,  Pales¬ 
tine. 

Rabbenu ,  title,  VII.  777,  1  c.  See  Rabbi. 

Rabbet ,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  1  a. 

Rabbi,  title,  XIV.  158. 

Rabbin :  see  Rabbi. 

Rabbinical  dialect ,  XIV.  158,  2  c. 

Rabbit,  animal,  XIV.  158.  European,  159, 

1  a  (ill.) ;  American  gray,  2  b  (ill.) ;  sage,  I 
160,  1  b;  jackass,  ib. — Skins  of,  VII.  539, 
la.  Fur  of  the  silver  gray  rabbit,  540,  1  a. 
See  IIyrax,  IX.  138,  1  c,  2  ab. 

Rabboni :  see  Rabbi. 

Rabdichnites  [rab'-dik-nites] :  see  Fossil  Foot¬ 
prints,  VII.  342,  2  c. 

Robe ,  John  [ra'-b&h],  reputed  father  of  Catha¬ 
rine  I.,  IV.  110,  1  c. 

Rabelais,  Francois  [ra-bla],  French  author, 
XIV.  160;  VII.  404,  1  b. 

Rabies  [ra'-be-eez] :  see  Hydrophobia. 

Rabona ,  ancient  city,  XIV.  158,  1  b. 

Rabshakeh ,  Assyrian  officer,  II.  35,  2  c. 

Ra'bun,  county,  XIV.  161. 

Raccoon',  XIV.  161  (ill.).  Fur  of,  VII.  539, 1  a. 


|  Raccoon  berry ,  plant,  XIII.  633,  1  c. 

Race ,  of  plants,  XIII.  592,  2  be. 

Race  horse :  see  Turf.  English :  see  Horse, 

VIII.  828,  1  b  (ill.). 

Raceme ',  in  plants,  XIII.  584,  2  a,  b. 

Racem'ic  acid ,  XV.  574,  2  c;  575,  1  c,  2  ab. 
Racer ,  snake,  II.  684,  1  b. 

Rachel,  in  Biblical  history :  see  Jacob. 
Rachel  [ra-shel],  (Elisabeth  Rachel  Felix), 
French  actress,  XIV.  162. 

Rachis  [ra'-kis],  in  grasses,  VIII.  166,  2  a. 
Racine  [ra-seen'j,  county,  XIV.  162. 

Racine,  city  of  "Wisconsin,  XIV.  162. 

Racine,  Jean,  French  dramatist,  XIV.  163. 

Louis,  writer,  1  c. 

Rack :  see  Torture,  XV.  815,  1  a. 

Racket ,  in  tennis,  XV.  651,  1  ab. 

“ Racking  or  battering  system ,”  in  naval  arma¬ 
ment,  IX.  388,  1  b. 

Racoonda :  see  Coypu. 

Racovian  catechism ,  XV.  146,  1  b. 

Radagaisus ,  barbarian  chief,  XVI.  563,  2  a. 
Radama  [ra-da'-ma],  king,  X.  813,  2  b. 
Radcliffe,  Ann,  English  novelist,  XIV.  163. 

!  Radcliffe,  John,  physician,  XIV.  163.  Rad¬ 
cliffe  library,  2  c;  XII.  763,  2  c.  Radcliffe 
observatory,  2  ab. 

Radegast ,  Slavic  deity,  XV.  104,  2  a. 
Radersburg ,  county  seat,  IX.  588,  2  c. 
Radetzky,  Joseph  Wenzel,  count,  Austrian 
general,  XIV.  163  ;  II.  146,  1  a,  c,  2  c. 
Radia'ta,  class  of  invertebrates,  XIV.  1 64 ; 

IX.  325,  1  b,  2  a. 

Radiates :  see  Radiata  (Index). 

Radical ,  in  English  politics,  XVI.  596,  1  a. 
Radicle ,  in  chemistry,  XII.  478,  1  a;  in  plants, 
XIII.  575,  1  a,  591,  2  be. 

Radien  Athzie ,  Lappish  deity,  X.  164,  2  b. 

Radien  Kiedde,  ib. 

Radish,  plant,  XIV.  164  (ill.,  165). 


KADI  US 


RAISING 


633 


Radius  vector  (astronomy),  IX.  807,  2  b. 

Radix  antidy  sent  erica  (botany),  IX.  343,  1  ab. 
Radnorshire,  county  of  Wales,  XIV.  165. 
Radom  [ra'-dom],  government  of  Poland,  XIV. 
165. 

R ado witz,  Joseph  Maria  von  [fon  ra'-do-vits], 
Prussian  statesman,  XIV.  165. 

Radziwill  [rad'-zhe-vil],  family  of  Lithuania 
and  Poland,  XIV.  166.  Radziwill  Bible,  1  a. 
Rae,  Dr.  John  [ra] :  see  Arctic  Discovery,  I. 

673,  1  b,  2  c;  674,  1  b ;  675,  2  a;  676,  1  b. 
Raeburn,  Sir  Henry  [ra'-burn],  Scottish  paint¬ 
er,  XIV.  166. 

Ra-em-he ,  statue  of  (Egyptian),  XIV.  717,  1  b. 
Raff,  Joachim,  German  composer,  XIV.  166. 
Raffaelle  [raf-fa-el'-la] :  see  Raphael. 
Raffaelle  ware  (majolica),  XIII.  781,  2  b. 
Raffles,  Sir  Thomas  Stamford,  English  official, 
XIV.  166. 

Rafflesia  [raf-fle'-ze-a],  genus  of  plants,  XIV. 
166;  XV.  465,  1  c.  R.  Arnoldi,  XIV.  167, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Rafflesia'cece  (botany),  XIV.  166, 2  be ;  167, 1  ab. 
Rafinesque,  Constantine  Smaltz  [raf-e-nesk'J, 
American  botanist,  XIV.  167.  On  ichthy¬ 
ology,  IX.  160,  1  b,  162,  1  a. 

Rafn,  Carl  Christian,  Danish  arch  geologist, 
XIV.  167. 

“  Rafts ,”  of  the  western  rivers,  VII.  273,  2  b. 

The  “great  raft”  of  Red  river,  XIV.  237, 1  a. 
Ragatz  [ra-gats'],  Swiss  watering  place,  XIV. 

167. 

Rag  fair ,  in  London,  X.  614,  1  ab. 

Ragged  robin ,  plant,  X.  741,  2  ab. 
Ragged-sailor ,  plant,  XIII.  688,  2  c. 

Ragged  schools,  founder  of,  III.  94,  1  be. 

Ragi,  a  kind  of  grain,  XII.  114,  1  a. 

Raglan,  Fitzroy  James  Henry  Somerset,  baron, 
English  general,  XIV.  167. 

Ragotzky  :  see  Rak6czy. 

Raguet,  Condy  [ra-ga'],  American  political 
economist,  XIV.  167. 

Raguly  line,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  a  (ill.). 
Ragusa  [ra-goo'-za],  town  of  Dalmatia,  XIV. 

168.  History,  1  be.  Literary  period  of,  784, 
1  c ;  dialect,  ib.  Duke  of :  see  Marmont. 

Ragusa,  town  of  Sicily,  XIV.  168. 

Rahan,  Buddhist  priest,  XIII.  832,  1  c. 
Rahnumai  Mazdias'na  [ra-noo-ml'],  Parsee  so¬ 
ciety,  XIII.  129,  2  a. 

RAnwAY  [raw'-wa],  city  of  Hew  Jersey,  XIV. 
168. 

Raia  [ra'-ya],  (ichthyology),  XIV.  222,  1  b. 
R.  laevis,  ib.  (ill.). 


Raibolini,  Francesco  [ri-bo-le'-ne] :  see  Fran- 
cia,  Francesco. 

Raiidce  [ra'-ye-de],  (ichthyology),  XIV.  222, 1  a. 

Raikes,  Robert,  English  philanthropist,  XIV. 
168. 

Rail,  bird,  XIV.  168.  Fresh- water  marsh  hen, 
or  red-breasted  rail,  169,  1  b  (ill.);  salt-wa¬ 
ter,  or  clapper  rail,  1  c.  Virginia  rail,  2  a. 
European  water  rail,  2  ab.  Carolina  or  sora 
rail,  2  be  (ill.).  Little  black  and  yellow¬ 
breasted  rails,  170,  1  a,  ab. 

Rail:  see  Railroad,  XIV.  170,  1  be,  179,  2  c. 

Railroad,  XIV.  170.  The  first,  1  be  ;  first 
passenger  road,  171,  2  a ;  car  (ill.),  ib. 
Railroads  in  America,  172, 1  b.  Pacific  rail¬ 
roads,  174,  2  a  (profile).  Railway  statistics, 
175,  2  b.  Railroad  management,  176,  1  be. 
Construction  and  rolling  stock,  177,  1  be; 
curves,  178, 1  a ;  grades,  1  c ;  road  bed,  2  be ; 
sleepers,  179,  1  c;  rails,  2  c;  cars,  181, 1  be; 
Pullman  parlor  car,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  viaducts,  182, 
1  c.  Cost  of  railway  construction  and  man¬ 
agement,  2  ab.  Harrow -gauge  railroads, 

383,  2  b.  City  railroads,  184,  1  b.  Moun¬ 
tain  railroads,  2  c. 

Railway,  Atmospheric :  see  Pneumatic  De¬ 
spatch,  and  Pneumatic  Railway. 

Railway :  see  Railroad. 

Railway  companies ,  responsibility  of :  see  Mas¬ 
ter  and  Servant,  XI.  265,  1  a. 

Raimondi,  Marc’  Antonio  [ri-mon'-de],  Italian 
engraver,  XIV.  185. 

Rain,  XIV.  185.  (Chart.)  Formation,  1  be. 
Distribution  over  the  globe,  2  c ;  table,  186, 

1  a.  Secular  variation  in  rainfall,  2  be  (table)  ; 
in  the  United  States,  2  c  (table,  187). — Red 
rain:  see  Blood  Rain.  Rain  drops,  how 
formed,  1. 117,  1  b.  Remarkable  local  rain¬ 
fall,  VII.  631,  1  b.  See  Meteorology,  XI. 
442,  2  a,  ff. 

Rainbow,  XIV.  187.  Attempted  explanation 
of,  by  Aristotle  and  others,  1  c,  ff. ;  VI.  205, 

2  c.  Descartes’s  explanation,  XIV.  187,  2  c 
(ill.,  188).  Lunar  rainbow,  188,  2  c.  Fog 
bows,  &c.,  ib. ;  parhelia,  189,  1  a :  see  Halo. 

Rain  Crow  :  see  Cuckoo,  V.  557,  2  be. 

Rain  Gauge,  XIV.  189. 

Rains,  county,  XIV.  189. 

Rainulf,  Horman  leader,  II.  161,  2  c. 

Rainy  Lake,  XIV.  189.  River,  1  c. 

“ Raise ,”  a,  in  mining,  XI.  573,  1  a. 

Raisin,  dried  fruit  of  the  grape  vine,  XIV.  189. 

Raisine  compose  [ra-ze-na  kong-puh-za],  con¬ 
serve,  I.  600,  2  b. 


634 


RAISIN  RIVER 


RAMSDEN 


Raisin  river  (about  150  ra.  long),  XT.  761,  1  b, 
be.  Battle  of  the  (at  Frenclitown,  now 
Monroe),  XVI.  164,  1  a. 

Raiz  preta  [rice  pra'-ta],  medicinal  plant,  III. 
550,  2  a. 

Rajahmun'dry,  town  of  British  India,  XIV.  190. 

Rajamahendri :  see  Rajahmundry. 

Rajasthan  [ra-jas-tan'J :  see  Rajpootana. 

Raj  Gonds,  tribe  of  India,  VIII.  97,  2  c. 

Rajpootana  [raj-poo-ta'-na],  territory  of  Brit¬ 
ish  India,  XIV.  190;  IX.  201,  1  a.  Admin¬ 
istrative  and  diplomatic  authority,  XIV.  190, 
2  b.  Military  force,  2  be.  History,  2  c. 

Rajpoots ,  Hindoo  race,  IX.  213,  2  b,  214,  1  a; 
XIV.  190,  2  c. 

Rake  veins ,  of  galena,  X.  250,  2  ab. 

Rakhs ,  tracts  of  wood  and  jungle,  XIV.  90,  2  c. 

Rakoczy  [ra'-ko-tse],  Transylvanian  family, 
XIV.  191.  George  I.,  prince,  1  ab.  George 
II.,  1  b ;  referred  to,  IX.  650,  2  be.  Francis 
II.,  XIV.  191,  1  b;  IX.  58,  1  be. 

Rakos  [ra'-kosh] :  see  Pestii,  XIII.  349,  1  be. 

Rakshasas  [rak-sha'-sas],  in  Hindoo  mytholo¬ 
gy,  IX.  224,  1  a. 

Rale,  Sebastien  [ral],  Indian  missionary,  XIV. 
191 ;  1. 19,  2  c.  Abenaqui  dictionary,  20,  1  a. 

Raleigh  [raw'-le],  county,  XIV.  191. 

Raleigh,  city  of  North  Carolina,  XIV.  191. 

Raleigh ,  county  seat,  XV.  115,  1  a. 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  English  courtier,  naviga¬ 
tor,  and  author,  XIV.  192.  Attempt  to  col¬ 
onize  Virginia,  2  ab.  Expedition  to  Guiana, 
193,  1  ab.  Thirteen  years’  imprisonment, 
1  c.  Second  expedition  to  Guiana,  ib.  Ex¬ 
ecution,  2  b.  Characterization,  ib. 

Raleigh  Court  House,  county  seat,  XIV.  191, 1  c. 

Ralls,  county,  XIV.  193. 

Rallus  (ornithology),  XIV.  168,  2  b.  R.  ele- 
gans,  169,  1  b  (ill.);  crepitans,  1  c;  Virgini- 
anus,  2  a ;  aquaticus,  2  b. 

Ralph,  James,  English  author,  XIV.  193. 

Ram,  Battering :  see  Battering  Ram. 

Ram,  Water :  see  Hydraulic  Ram. 

Rama  [ra'-ma],  ancient  Hindoo  sovereign,  IX. 
207,  1  a,  223,  1  b;  II.  159,  1  c.  Fort  of, 
XII.  741,  1  be. 

Ramadan',  Mohammedan  month  of  fasting, 
XIV.  194;  XI.  698,  2  ab. 

Ramage  press,  Franklin’s,  XIII.  851,  2  c  (ill.). 

Rdmdyana  [ra-ma'-ya-na],  poem,  IX.  223,  1  b. 

Ramazan :  see  Ramadan. 

Rambae  [ram-ba'-a] :  see  Cuenca,  Ecuador. 

RaMBaM :  see  Maimonides. 

Rarnbla,  promenade,  II.  304,  1  a. 


Rambouillet  [rang-boo-ya],  town  of  France, 
XIV.  194. 

Rambouillet,  Catherine  deVivonne,  marchio¬ 
ness  de,  XIV.  194.  Hotel  Rambouillet,  1  c. 

Rambutan,  fruit,  X.  525,  1  c. 

Ramchunder :  see  Rama  (Index). 

Rame'ans,  followers  of  Ramus,  XIV.  198,  2  a. 

Rameau,  Jean  Philippe  [ra-mo],  French  com¬ 
poser,  XIV.  194. 

Ramee,  Pierre  de  la  [ra-ma] :  see  Ramus,  Peter. 

Ram'eses,  name  of  Egyptian  kings,  XIV.  194; 

VII.  29,  1  c  (Exodus). 

Ramesse'um :  see  Thebes,  XV.  688,  1  a,  and 
X.  402,  1  a. 

Ram' essids,  Egyptian  dynasty,  XIV.  194,  2  be. 

Rameswar' :  see  Ramisseram. 

Ramie  [ra-me'J,  plant,  XIV.  194  (ill.).  Ameri¬ 
can,  XII.  255,  1  a. 

Ramiro  I.  [ra-me'-ro],  first  king  of  xiragon 
(killed  in  battle,  1063),  I.  629,  2  c. 

Ram'illies,  Belgium,  battle  of,  XIV.  195. 

Ramisseram',  island  off  Ceylon,  XIV.  195. 

Ramists ,  followers  of  Ramus,  XIV.  198,  2  a. 

Rammelsberg  [ram'-melce-bairg],  mountain, 

VIII.  492,  2  c. 

Ram  Mohun  Roy,  rajah,  Hindoo  scholar,  XIV. 
196;  IX.  231,  lb;  VI.  298,  2  c. 

Bamnenses,  Roman  patrician  tribe,  XIII.  167, 
2  c;  XIV.  419,  1  a. 

Ramolino ,  Maria  Letizia  [ra-mo-le'-no],  mother 
of  Napoleon  I.,  III.  25,  1  a. 

Ramoosee  tribes,  of  Hindostan,  IX.  215,  1  a. 

Ramorino,  Girolamo  [ra-mo-re'-no],  military 
adventurer,  XIV.  196. 

Rampart,  in  a  fortification,  VII.  329,  2  a. 

Ramphas’tidce  (ornithology),  XV.  819,  2  c. 

Rampliastos  (ornithology),  XV.  820,  1  b.  R. 
toco,  ib.  R.  tucanus,  1  be. 

Ramrod ,  XII.  99,  1  b.  Invention  of  iron  ram¬ 
rod,  X.  357, 1  c  ;  introduction  of,  I.  747,  2  b. 

Rams ,  iron-clad,  IX.  388,  2  be.  Fitted  out  in 
Liverpool  for  the  Confederate  States,  X.  494, 
1  ab. 

Ramsay,  Allan,  Scottish  poet,  XIV.  196.  Al¬ 
lan,  painter,  2  be. 

Ramsay,  Andrew  Crombie,  British  geologist, 
XIV.  196. 

Ramsay,  Andrew  Michael  (chevalier  de  Ram¬ 
say),  Scottish  author,  XIV.  197. 

Ramsay,  David,  American  historian,  XIV.  197. 

Ramsay,  Edward  Bannerman,  Scottish  author, 
XIV.  197. 

Ramsden,  Jesse,  English  instrument  maker, 
XIV.  197.  His  graduating  engine,  VIII. 


RAMSES 


RASTADT 


635 


137,  2  be.  Ramsden’s  plate  electrical  ma¬ 
chine,  VI.  505,  1  b  (ill.). 

Ramses  :  see  Rameses.  Ramses  table,  1. 42, 1  b. 

Ramsey,  two  counties,  XIV.  197. 

Ramsgate,  seaport  of  England,  XIV.  198. 

Ram' s-head,  plant,  X.  91,  1  a. 

Ramus,  Joseph  Marius  [ra-mtis],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  XIV.  198. 

Ramus,  Peter,  French  logician,  XIV.  198. 

Ramusio,  Giambattista  [ra-moo'-ze-o],  Italian 
author,  XIV.  198. 

Rana  (zoology),  VII.  503,  2  b  (ill.,  504).  R. 
pipiens,  505,  2  c  (ill.,  506)  ;  Horiconensis 
(ill.),  506  ;  fontinalis,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  palustris,  ib. 
(ill.)  ;  halecina,  2  a  (ill.) ;  sylvatica,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
clamitans,  507,  1  a ;  temporaria,  ib. ;  escu- 
lenta,  1  ab  (ill.) 

Rctnavalona ,  queen  of  Madagascar,  X.  814, 1  a. 

Ranc£,  Armand  Jean  le  Bouthillier  de  [rang- 
sa],  monastic  reformer,  XIV.  198. 

Rancogne  [rang-kdny’],  remarkable  cavern,  IV. 
275,  1  ab. 

Randolph,  name  of  eight  counties,  XIV.  198. 

Randolph,  Edmund,  American  statesman,  XIV. 
199. 

Randolph,  John,  of  Roanoke,  XIV.  200.  His 
opposition  to  Madison,  X.  825,  1  be. 

Randolph,  Peyton,  American  patriot, XIV.  200. 

Randolph  Macon  College,  XIV.  200. 

Ranee ,  Hindoo  princess,  IX.  211,  2  ab  ;  639,  2  b. 

Range ,  in  gunnery,  VIII.  326,  2  ab ;  of  rifles, 
XIV.  334,  1  b.  In  surveying,  XV.  491,  2  b ; 
range  line,  ib. 

Rangifer  caribou  (zoology),  III.  787,  1  a  (ill.). 
R.  Groenlandicus,  1  ab.  R.  tarandus,  XIV. 
265,  lb. 

Rangoon',  capital  of  British  Burmah,  XIV.  201. 

Ran' idee  (zoology),  VII.  503,  1  c ;  507,  1  c. 

Ranieri  of  Bieda  [ra-nya'-re] :  see  Paschal  II. 

Ranke,  Leopold  von  [ran'-kSh],  German  his¬ 
torian,  XIV.  201.  Friedrich  Heinrich,  2  b. 

Rankin,  county,  XIV.  201. 

Rankine,  William  John  Macquorn  [ran'-kin], 
Scottish  physicist,  XIV.  201. 

Ransom,  eounty,  XIV.  202. 

Rantoul,  Robert,  jr.  [ran-tool'j,  American 
statesman,  XIV.  202. 

Ranuncula'cece  (botany),  XIV.  202,  1  c. 

Ranun'culus  (botany),  XIV.  202,  1  c,  2  ab 
(ill.).  R.  bulbosus,  acris,  repens,  and  multi- 
fidus  (or  R.  Purshii),  2  c ;  aconitifolius,  203, 
1  a ;  Asiaticus,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Ranzani,  Camillo  [ran-dza'-ne],  Italian  natural¬ 
ist,  XIV.  203. 


Ranz  des  VAcnES  [rangss  da  vash],  Swiss  melo¬ 
dies,  XIV.  203. 

Raoul-Rochette  :  see  Rochette. 

Rape,  a  crime,  XIV.  203.'  What  constitutes 
the  offence,  2  c.  Proof  of,  204, 1  c.  Accesso¬ 
ries  before  and  after,  2  b.  Penalty,  203,  2  c. 
Rape,  plant,  XIV.  204  (ill.).  Rape  cake,  165, 1  c. 
Raphael,  Italian  painter,  XIV.  205  ;  XII.  799, 

1  c.  Frescoes  of,  XIV.  205,  2  c;  VII.  484, 

2  b.  His  cartoons,  XIV.  206,  2  be.  His 
“Last  Supper  ”  discovered,  VII.  276,  2  b. 

Raphael ,  the  French,  so  styled,  X.  373,  1  b. 
Raphael  of  cats :  see  Mind,  Gottfried. 
Rapha'nus  sati'mis  (botany),  XIV.  164,  2  b.  R. 

caudatus,  165,  1  c.  R.  raphanistrum,  ib. 
Rapidan',  river  of  Virginia,  XIV.  207. 
Rapides  [ra-peed'J,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIV. 

207. 

Rapin,  Paul  de  [ra-pang],  sieur  de  Thoyras, 
French  historian,  XIV.  207. 

Rapoport  :  see  Rappaport. 

Rapp,  Georg,  founder  of  the  Harmonists,  XIV. 

208. 

Rapp,  Jean,  French  general,  XIV.  208. 
Rappahan'nock,  river  of  Virginia,  XIV.  208. 
Rappahannock,  county,  XIV.  208. 
Rap'paport,  Solomon  Judah,  Jewish  antiquary, 
XIV.  208. 

Rappee ',  snuff,  XV.  783,  2  c. 

Raquette  lake  [ra-ket'j,  (Racket),  1. 121,  2  a,  1  c. 
Raratonga  :  see  Cook’s  Islands. 

Raritan,  river  of  New  Jersey,  XIV.  208. 

Ras ,  Ras-ennce ,  ancient  Etrurians,  VI.  764,  2  a. 
Ras  Aser  :  see  Cape  Guardafui. 

Rascia,  southern  Servia,  XIV.  208.  Rascians, 
209,  1  a.  Rascian  kingdom,  781,  2  c. 

Rashi:  see  Solomon  ben  Isaac,  XV.  158,  1  a. 
Rask,  Rasmus  Christian,  Danish  philologist, 
XIV.  209 ;  V.  572,  1  c. 

Raskolniks  :  see  Russia,  XIV.  209,  and  485, 1  c. 
Rasies,  Sebastien  [ral] :  see  Rale. 

Rasoherina  [ra-so-ha-re'-na],  heathen  queen  of 
Madagascar,  X.  814,  1  c.  Rasoherina  II., 
Christian  queen  of,  ib. 

Raspail,  Francois  Vincent  [ras-pay’J,  French 
naturalist  and  revolutionist,  XIV.  209.  (Died 
1878.) 

Raspberry  [raz'-ber-e],  fruit-bearing  shrub, 
XIV.  209  (ill.).  Species  and  varieties,  2  b, 
ff.  See  Bramble. 

Rassarn ',  Hormuzd :  see  Abyssinia,  I.  47,  2  a. 
Rasse  :  see  Civet,  IV.  617,  2  b. 

Rastadt  [ra'-stat],  town  of  Baden,  XIV.  211. 
Treaty  of,  referred  to,  VII.  384,  1  a. 


636 


RAT 


RAYMOND 


Rat,  XIY.  211.  Brown  or  Norway  rat,  1  c 
(ill.).  Black,  2  be  (ill.).  Roof  or  white- 
bellied,  212,  1  a.  Giant  rat  of  Bengal,  1  ab. 
Florida  or  wood  rat,  2  b  (ill.).  Cotton  rat, 
213,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Rates,  ancient  town :  see  Leicester. 

Ratazzi  :  see  Rattazzi. 

Rath  Jatra,  festival  of  Juggernaut,  IX.  706,  2  a. 

Raths ,  antiquities  of  Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  a. 

Ratibok,  town  of  Prussia,  XIY.  213. 

Rationalism ,  in  theology,  XV.  695, 1  c.  Found¬ 
ers  of  in  Germany,  I.  426,  2  ab.  Supernat¬ 
ural  rationalism,  2  be. 

Ratios ,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  583,  1  c ;  percent¬ 
age,  ib. ;  atomic,  ib. ;  oxygen,  2  ab. 

Ratio  studiorum ,  for  the  order  of  Jesuits,  I. 
72,  2  a  (Acquaviva). 

Ratisbon,  city  of  Bavaria,  XIY.  213. 

Ratlines  [rat'-linz],  of  a  ship’s  rigging,  XIY. 
865,  1  b. 

Raton  mountains  [ra-toan'],V.100,  2  a;  101,  2  a. 

Rattan  :  see  Palm,  XIII.  18,  2  b  (ill.). 

Rattazzi,  Urbano  [rat-tat'-se],  Italian  states¬ 
man,  XIY.  214.  Marie  Studolmine,  French 
writer,  1  c. 

Rattel,  animal,  II.  212,  1  c. 

“ Rattening ,”  of  English  trades  unions,  XIY. 
227,  1  be. 

Rattlesnake,  XIY.  214.  Head,  2  a  (ill.). 
Rattle,  2  c  (ill.).  Banded,  215,  1  c  (ill.). 
Diamond  or  water  rattlesnake,  2  be;  ground, 
216,  1  ab;  prairie,  1  b.  Its  poison,  1  be. 

Rattoon ,  shoot  of  the  sugar  cane,  XY.  445, 
2  b.  Rattoon  crop,  ib. 

Rauch,  Christian  Daniel  [rowkh],  German 
sculptor,  XIY.  216. 

Rauch,  Friedrich  August,  German  philosopher, 
XIV.  216. 

Raudian  fields ,  XVI.  309,  1  a.  Battle  of  the, 
IY.  583,  1  ab. 

Rauhes  Haus  [row'-ess  house],  VIII.  411,  1  ab. 
See  Wichern. 

Raumer,  Friedrich  Ludwig  Georg  von  [row'- 
mer],  German  historian,  XIY.  217.  Karl 
Georg  von,  geographer,  1  c.  Rudolf  von, 
philologist,  2  ab. 

Rauscher,  Joseph  Othmar  von  [row'-sher], 
Austrian  cardinal,  XIV.  217.  (Died  1875.) 

Ravacioni  [ra-va-cho'-ne],  marble,  IY.  24,  2  c. 

Ravaillac,  Frangois  [ra-va-y&k],  assassin  of 
Henry  IY.,  XIY.  217. 

Ravee',  river  of  India,  XIY.  218. 

Ravel:  see  Weaving,  XYI.  523,  1  c. 

Raven,  bird,  XIY.  218.  American,  1  c  ;  Col¬ 


orado,  2  c ;  white-necked,  ib. ;  European, 
ib.  (ill.,  219).  Age  of,  I.  182,  2  b. 

Ravenala  [ra-va-na'-la],  plant,  X.  810,  1  b. 

Ravenala  Madagascariensis  (botany),  XIII. 
547,  1  c  (synonyme,  urania  speciosa ,  X. 
810,  1  b). 

Ravendites ,  Moslem  sect,  I.  342,  2  c. 

Ravenna,  province  of  Italy,  XIY.  219.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  ab.  Council  of,  VIII.  800,  2  c. 

Ravenna ,  county  seat,  XIII.  722,  1  a. 

Ravensburg  fiax  manufactory  [ra'-fence-poorg], 
II.  628,  1  a. 

Ravenswood ,  Long  Island,  X.  626,  2  c. 

Ravensworth  castle ,  IY.  390,  1  c. 

Ravignan,  Gustave  Xavier  Delacroix  de  [ra- 
ve-nya"B],  French  preacher,  XIY.  220. 

Rawdon,  Lord:  see  Hastings,  Francis  Raw- 
don  Hastings. 

Rawle,  William,  American  lawyer,  XIY.  220. 

Rawling's  Springs,  county  seat,  III.  771,  1  b. 

Rawlins,  county,  XIY.  220. 

Rawlinson,  Sir  Henry  Creswicke,  English 
archaeologist,  XIY.  220 ;  Y.  573,  2  a  (Cunei¬ 
form  Inscriptions)  ;  X.  23,  1  c.  George, 
historian  and  orientalist,  XIY.  220,  2  c. 

Ray,  class  of  fishes,  XIV.  221.  Anatomical 
description,  1  ab.  Smooth  ray  (common 
skate  of  America),  222,  1  b  (ill.).  Sharp¬ 
nosed,  2  ab.  Common  skate  or  ray,  ib. 
American  whip  sting  ray,  2  b  (ill.).  Euro¬ 
pean  sting  ray,  223, 1  a.  Eagle  rays,  1  ab,  b. 

Ray,  county,  XIY.  223. 

Ray,  Isaac,  American  physician,  XIY.  223. 

Ray,  John,  English  naturalist,  XIY.  223.  Ilis 
classification  of  insects,  YI.  659,  1  a;  of  rep¬ 
tiles,  VIII.  692,  2  a.  First  attempt  at  a 
natural  classification  of  fishes,  IX.  159,  1  b. 
Classification  of  mammals,  XL  79,  2  c. 
Botanical  system,  III.  133,  1  c.  Ray  so¬ 
ciety,  XIY.  224,  1  a. 

Ray,  solar,  X.  435,  2  ab.  Actinic  and  calo¬ 
rific  rays,  440,  1  ab.  Dispersion  of,  internal 
or  epipolic,  VII.  289,  2  c;  290,  1  a.  Chem¬ 
ical  :  see  Actinism,  and  Photography,  XIII. 
468,  2  b  ;  deoxidizing,  ib. ;  violet,  472,  1  a  ; 
tithonic,  ib. ;  actinic,  ib.  Invisible  rays  of 
the  solar  spectrum,  XY.  245,  2  a. 

Rayahs,  native  Christian  or  Jewish  population 
of  Turkey,  XYI.  58,  1  c;  XII.  172,  1  a. 

Rayer,  Pierre  Frangois  Olive  [ra-ya],  French 
physician,  XIY.  224. 

Raymond,  abbot  of  Fitero,  III.  567,  1  b. 

Raymond,  Henry  Jarvis,  American  journalist, 
XIY.  224. 


RAYMOND 


RED 


637 


Raymond,  Rossiter  Worthington,  mining  en¬ 
gineer,  XIV.  224. 

Raymond  Lully :  see  Lully,  Raymond. 

Raymond  de  Pennafort :  see  Pennafort. 

Raymond  VI.,  of  Toulouse:  see  Albigenses. 

Raynal,  Guillaume  Thomas  Francois,  French 
historian,  XIV.  224. 

Raynouard,  Francois  Juste  Marie  [ra-nwar], 
French  author,  XIV.  225. 

Rayo'vitch ,  Servian  conspirator,  I.  288,  2  a. 

Ray  mile ,  county  seat,  XIV.  319,  1  a. 

Razilly ,  Isaac  and  Claude  de  [ra-ze-ye],  pro¬ 
prietors  of  Acadia,  II.  118,  2  a. 

Razorback  (whale),  XIV.  429,  2  a. 

Razor  Fisn,  XIV.  225  (ill.). 

Razor  Shell,  XIV.  225.  Common,  2  ah  (ill.). 

Razumovsky ,  Count ,  attaman  (hetman)  of  the 
Cossacks,  II.  93,  lb;  IV.  Ill,  2  a. 

Razzi,  Giovanni  Antonio  [rat'-se],  Italian 
painter,  XIV.  225. 

Re  [ra],  island  of  France,  XIV.  226. 

Reach,  Angus  Bethune,  English  author,  XIV. 
226. 

Read,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XIV.  226. 

Read,  Nathan,  American  inventor,  XIV.  226. 

Read,  Thomas  Buchanan,  American  artist  and 
poet,  XIV.  226. 

Reade,  Charles,  English  novelist,  XIV.  226. 
William  Winwood,  traveller,  227,  1  c. 

Reading  [red'-ing],  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XIV. 
227. 

Reading,  borough  of  England,  XIV.  228. 

Real  [ra-aF],  Spanish  coin,  XV.  209,  1  a. 

Real ,  things :  see  Realty,  XIV.  228,  2  a. 

Real  estate ,  VI.  737,  1  c.  Title  to,  by  pur¬ 
chase  and  by  descent,  VIII.  616,  2  c.  Evi¬ 
dence  of  title,  XIV.  232,  2  c. 

Realism ,  and  realists:  see  Philosophy,  XIII. 
439,  2  a,  and  Aristotle,  I.  707,  1  b. 

Realty,  in  law,  XIV.  228. 

Reaping  hook ,  XIV.  725,  1  c. 

Reaping  Machines  :  see  Mowing  and  Reap¬ 
ing  Machines. 

Reate  [re-a'-te],  ancient  Sabine  town  (now 
Rieti),  XVI.  269,  2  b ;  270,  1  ab. 

Reati'nus ,  a  surname  of  M.Varro,  XVI.  270,1  ab. 

Reaumur,  Ren6  Antoine  Ferchault  de  [ra-o- 
miir],  French  natural  philosopher,  XIV.  229. 
Reaumur’s  porcelain,  1  b ;  IV.  180,  2  be 
(Cementation).  Reaumur’s  thermometer, 
XIV.  229,  1  b ;  XV.  699,  1  ab.  His  classi¬ 
fication  of  insects,  VI.  659,  1  b. 

Reba ,  quarter  shekel,  XIV.  841,  2  a. 


Rebate,  on  merchandise,  V.  133,  1  c. 

Rebec ,  musical  instrument,  XVI.  366,  2  c. 
Rebek'ah  :  see  Isaac,  and  Jacob. 

Rebekah ,  degree  of:  see  Odd  Fellows,  XII. 
578,  2  c. 

Rebolledo,  Bernardino,  count  de  [ra-bo-lya'- 
ZAo],  Spanish  author,  XIV.  229. 

Rebutter ,  in  pleading,  XIII.  607,  2  c. 

Recado  [ra-ka'-do],  saddle,  X.  181,  2  a. 
Recamier,  Jeanne  Frangoise  Julie  Adelaide 
[ra-ka-mya],  French  leader  of  society,  XIV. 
229 ;  IV.  334,  1  a ;  XV.  300,  1  a,  b. 
Receptac' ulum  chy’li  (anatomy),  XIII.  223, 1  a; 
IV.  570,  1  c. 

Recess  of  Holding,  code  of  laws,  VI.  13,  2  a. 
Recife  [ra-se'-fa],  city  of  Brazil,  XIV.  230. 
Reciprocity  treaty,  with  Canada,  XIII.  502, 
2  b.  Termination  of,  X.  497,  2  c. 
Recitative  [res-e-ta-teev'],  musical  recitation, 
XIV.  230 ;  XII.  90,  1  a. 

Recke,  Eliza  von  der  [fon  der  rek'-eh],  III.  549, 
2  a  (Cagliostro). 

Reolus,  Jean  Jacques  Elis6e  [ruk-klu],  French 
geographer,  XIV.  230. 

Recognitor,  species  of  juryman,  V.  430,  2  b. 
Recog'nizance,  in  law,  XIV.  230. 

Recollects  :  see  Franciscans,  VII.  426,  1  b. 
Reconnaissance  [re-kon'-nis-sance],  in  hydrog¬ 
raphy,  IX.  113,  2  a. 

Record,  of  a  court  of  justice,  XIV.  231 ;  XIII. 
607,  1  ab.  Evidence  of  title  to  real  estate, 
XIV.  232,  2  c. 

Recorde,  Robert,  English  mathematician,  XIV. 
233  ;  I.  302,  1  a. 

Recorder,  musical  instrument,  XIV.  233. 
Recorder ,  magistrate,  in  London,  X.  594,  1  a. 

In  New  York,  IX.  795, 1  ab ;  XII.  393, 1  be,  c. 
Recovery ,  in  law,  XI.  853,  2  b. 

Rectifcator ,  of  a  still,  VI.  143,  2  a  ;  144,  1  a. 
Recto-vesical  operation ,  for  the  stone,  XV.  399, 
1  a,  ab. 

Rectorship,  in  Scotch  universities,  XVI.  211, 2  c. 
Rectum  (anatomy),  IX.  323,  2  c. 

Recu'sant,  ecclesiastical  offender,  XIV.  233. 
Recurvirostra  (ornithology),  II.  163,  2  a.  R. 
Americana,  2  b  (ill.). 

Red  :  see  Light,  X.  440, 1  b,  and  Paints,  XII, 
805,  1  c. 

Redan',  in  fortification,  VII.  335,  1  be. 

Red  Bird  :  see  Cardinal  Bird. 

Red  Bluff,  county  seat,  XV.  607,  2  b. 
Redbreast  :  see  Robin. 

Red  crag ,  in  geology,  XIII.  613,  2  c. 

Red  deer  (wapiti),  XVI.  447,  1  a. 


638 


BED 


REFORMED 


Red  Deer  river  (Mackenzie),  X.  791,  1  c. 
Redding,  Cyrus,  English  journalist  and  author, 
XIV.  234. 

Beddle  (red  chalk),  IV.  232,  1  c. 

“  Redeemed  captive ,  the ,”  XVI.  638,  2  ab. 
Redemption,  Equity  of :  see  Mortgage,  XI. 
851,  1  be. 

Redemption  of  captives,  religious  order  for,  VII. 
115,  2  b. 

Redemptorists,  society  of,  XIV.  234 ;  XI.  731, 

1  c.  College  of  the,  I.  360,  2  c. 

Redfield,  Isaac  Fletcher,  American  jurist, 

XIV.  235. 

Redfield,  William  C.,  meteorologist,  XIV. 

235.  His  theory  of  hurricanes,  IX.  80,  2  be. 
Red-fin  :  see  Dace,  V.  628,  2  c  (red  dace). 
Redgrave,  Richard,  English  painter,  XIV. 
235.  Samuel,  2  ab. 

Red-head ,  duck,  VI.  290,  1  a;  III.  732,  2  c, 
733,  1  b,  2  ab. 

Redi,  F rancesco  [ra'-de],  Italian  naturalist,  XIV. 
235.  On  spontaneous  generation,  VI.  560, 

2  a ;  XV.  283,  1  a. 

Red  Jacket,  Indian  chief,  XIV.  235. 

Red  liquor,  acetate  of  aluminum,  I.  369,  1  ab ; 

in  soda  manufacture,  XV.  149,  2  be. 
Redoubt,  in  fortification,  VII.  335,  1  c. 
Redoute,  Pierre  Joseph  [ruh-doo-ta],  French 
painter,  XIV.  236. 

Redpoll:  see  Linnet,  X.  512,  2  a. 

Red  reed  buck :  see  Antelope,  I.  545, 2  a  (ill.). 
Red  River,  Mississippi  tributary,  XIV.  236. 
Red  River,  two  counties,  XIV.  237. 

Red  River  of  the  North,  XIV.  237. 

Red  River  settlement,  XI.  114, 1  c  (Manitoba). 
Red-root,  plants,  II.  738,  2  be;  XII.  312,  1  a; 
XVI.  587,  2  a. 

Red  Russia,  division  of  Galicia,  VII.  565, 1  be. 
Reds,  the ,  disease,  XV.  45,  1  a. 

Red  Sea,  XIV.  238.  Origin  of  the  name,  239, 
1  c  ;  I.  299,  lb:  see  Erythraean  Sea. 
Redshid  Pasha  :  see  Reshid  Pasha. 

Red  short,  of  metals,  IX.  371,  2  ab  ;  XV.  356,  2  b. 
Redstart,  bird,  XIV.  239.  American,  2  c 
(ill.,  240) ;  VII.  296,  1  c.  European,  XIV. 
240,  1  c. 

Red-top,  grass,  VIII.  167,  2  c  (ill.).  False  red- 
top,  168,  1  be. 

Reducing  agents,  in  dyeing,  VI.  341,  2  a. 

Red  Willow,  county,  XIV.  240. 

Red  Wing,  county  seat,  VIII.  101,  2  c. 
Redwood:  see  SandalWood,  XIV.  597,  1  c 
(red  sandal  wood);  Sequoia,  771,  2  c  (ill., 
772) ;  and  III.  606,  1  be. 


Redwood,  county,  XIV.  240. 

Redwood  City,  county  seat,  XIV.  609,  1  c. 
Redwood  Falls,  county  seat,  XIV.  240,  2  b. 
Reed,  a  grass,  XIV.  240. 

Reed,  of  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  2  ab. 

Reed,  Andrew,  English  clergyman,  XIV.  241. 

Charles  and  Andrew,  2  a. 

Reed,  Henry,  American  author,  XIV.  241. 
Reed,  Joseph,  American  patriot,  XIV.  241. 
Reed  Bird  :  see  Bobolink. 

Reeder ,  Andrew  H.  (1808-’64),  governor  of 
Kansas,  IX.  753,  2  b. 

Reed  Instruments,  XIV.  242.  Art  of  voicing 
reeds,  2  b. 

Reedmace,  plant,  XVI.  97,  1  a. 

Reedsville,  county  seat,  XV.  583,  1  b. 

Reef,  in  gold  mines,  VIII.  76,  1  c. 

Reef  points,  in  sails,  XIV.  866,  1  a. 

Rees :  see  Rickarees. 

Rees,  Abraham  [reece],  British  scholar,  XIV. 

244.  Rees’s  Cyclopaedia,  V.  608,  1  c. 

Reese  river,  Nevada,  XII.  264,  1  a  ;  X.  138,  2  c. 
Reeve  :  see  Ruff,  XIV.  464,  2  b. 

Reeves,  Sims,  English  singer,  XIV.  244. 
Reference :  see  Arbitration,  I.  635,  2  b. 
Referendum,  in  the  Bernese  constitution,  II. 
570,  1  c. 

Reflection,  in  catoptrics,  X.  438, 1  c ;  angle  of, 
2  a;  XII.  654,  2  a  (ills.).  Angle  of  total  re¬ 
flection,  in  dioptrics,  I.  496,  2  b  (ill.,  497). 
Reflectors,  use  of,  in  lighthouses,  X.  455,  2  ab ; 
VII.  486,  2  a. 

Reform  bill,  in  England,  of  1831  and  1832, 
XIII.  115,  2  ab ;  of  1867-’8,  116,  1  b. 
Reformation,  Protestant,  XIV.  244.  Princi¬ 
ples  of,  2  ab.  In  Germany,  245,  2  ab  ;  Switz¬ 
erland,  246,  2  ab;  France,  247,  2  a;  Neth¬ 
erlands,  248,  1  be ;  Hungary,  2  ab ;  Poland, 
2  be;  Scandinavia,  249, 1  a;  England,  1  be; 
Scotland,  250,  1  c. 

Reformatories,  XIV.  251. 

Reformed,  the  (Franciscans),  VII.  426,  1  b. 
Reformed  Church,  XIV.  252.  Distinctive 
principles,  2  a.  History,  253, 1  a.  In  France, 

1  ab;  IX.  38,  1  b.  Theology,  XIV.  253, 

2  ab.  Divisions,  254,  2  a.  Polity,  2  ab. 
Reformed  church,  Associate,  XIII.  813,  1  c; 

815,  1  b  (Presbyterianism). 

Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  America,  XIV. 
254.  Origin,  2  b.  Introduction  into  Amer¬ 
ica, 255,  1  c.  “TrueReformed  Dutch  church,” 
256,  2  c.  Doctrinal  standards,  257, 1  a.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  2  c. 

Ref ormed  Protestant  Dutch  church,  XIV.  254,2  b. 


REFORMED 


REID 


639 


Reformed  Ciiurcii  in  the  United  States, 
XIV.  258. 

Refraction ,  in  dioptrics,  X.  438,  1  c,  ff.  Angle 
of,  XII.  657,  2  a  (ills.).  Index  or  coefficient 
of,  658,  1  b ;  X.  438,  1  c.  Laws  of,  demon¬ 
strated  by  Fresnel,  VII.  484,  1  b. 
Refrigeration  :  see  Freezing,  Artificial. 
Refrigerator,  XIV.  260. 

Refuge,  for  reformed  female  criminals,  XIV. 
13,  1  be. 

Refuge ,  cities  of,  VIII.  584,  2  be  (Hebrews). 
Refugio,  county,  XIV.  260. 

Refugio,  county  seat,  XIV.  260,  2  c. 

Rega,  signor  [ra'-ga],  gem  engraver,  VII.  664, 1  a. 
Rega’le,  the,  royal  privilege,  IX.  289,  1  be. 
Regatta:  see  Rowing,  and  Yacht. 
Regelation  :  see  Ice,  IX.  146,  2  c. 

Regency,  of  the  prince  of  Wales,  VII.  709,  1  c, 
710, 1  a.  Of  the  duke  of  Orleans,  384, 1  ab ; 
XII.  700,  1  a. 

Regensburg  [ra'-ghence-poorg] :  see  Ratisbon. 
Regenstein  [ra'-ghen-stine],  ruined  castle  of, 
near  Blankenburg,  II.  695,  2  b. 

Regents ,  of  Oxford  university,  XII.  762,  1  b. 
Of  the  university  of  the  state  of  New  York, 
369,  1  ab. 

Regent  street ,  London,  X.  595,  2  c. 

Regent's  parlc,  London,  X.  597,  1  ab;  619, 
2  be;  XIII.  103,  1  ab. 

Reggio  [red'-jo],  province  of  Italy,  XIV.  260. 

Capital  city,  261,  1  a. 

Reggio,  duke  of:  see  Oudinot. 

Reggio  di  Calabria  [de  ka-la'-bre-a],  province 
of  Italy,  XIV.  261.  Capital  city,  1  b. 
Regillus,  Lake,  XIV.  261.  Battle  of,  2  b. 
Regiment,  XIV.  261 ;  I.  752,  1  be,  c,  2  a,  b. 
See  Cavalry,  IV.  150,  1  b ;  Infantry,  IX. 
270,  1  b. 

Regi’num,  ancient  town :  see  Ratisbon. 

Regio  Syrtica,  Roman  province,  XV.  872,  2  be. 
Regio  Troglodytica ,  XV.  876,  2  c. 
Regiomontanus,  German  mathematician,  XIV. 
261.  His  automaton  eagle  and  iron  fly,  II. 
155,  1  b. 

Regis,  Jean  Baptiste  de  [ra-zheece],  French 
geographer,  XIV.  262. 

Register,  principal,  of  an  organ,  XII.  74,  2  ab. 
Register  of  wills,  XVI.  627,  1  c. 

Regium  donum,  dissenters’  endowments  in  Ire¬ 
land,  IX.  361,  2  b;  VII.  704,  1  ab ;  XIII. 
812,  1  ab. 

Regium  Lepidi,  ancient  city,  XIV.  261,  1  a. 
Regius  professorships,  at  Oxford,  XII.  762,  2  c. 
Regia  [ra'-gla],  town  of  Cuba,  VIII.  520,  1  be. 


Reglet,  in  printing,  XVI.  93,  2  a. 

Regnard,  Jean  Frangois  [ruh-nar],  French 
dramatist,  XIV.  262. 

Regnault,  Llias  Georges  Soulange  Oliva  [riih- 
no],  historian,  XIV.  262. 

Regnault,  Henri  Victor,  physicist,  XIV.  262. 
His  hygrometric  experiments  referred  to, 
IX.  132,  2  ab.  His  dew-point  instrument, 
2  c.  His  table  of  specific  heat  of  solids, 
VIII.  575,  1  c.  Method  of  finding  specific 
heat  of  liquids,  2  a  (ill.). 

Regnault,  Jean  Baptiste,  baron,  painter,  XIV. 
263. 

Regnier,  Mathurin  [ruh-nya],  poet,  XIV.  263. 
Regnitzhof:  see  Hof. 

Regnum  (tiara),  XV.  733,  2  c. 

Regnum  Cumbren'se,  early  Scottish  kingdom, 
XIV.  704,  1  b.  . 

Reguardant ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  1  b. 
Regula,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  be. 
Regular  canons,  orders  of,  XIV.  266,  1  c. 
Regular  clerks,  orders  of,  XIV.  266,  1  c. 
Regular  Clerks  of  St.  Paul  :  see  Barna- 

BITES. 

“  Regulator s,”  political  party,  IX.  89,  2  c. 
Regillus,  of  antimony,  I.  565,  1 ;  of  copper,  V. 
325,  2  b. 

Regulus,  Marcus  Atilius,  Roman  general, 
XIV.  263. 

Regulus  cristatus  (ornithology),  X.  5,  1  b  (ill.). 
R.  calendula,  2  b  (ill.). 

Reich,  Prof.  [rPh],  (Ferdinand,  born  1799), 
experiments  of,  to  prove  the  earth’s  density, 

VI.  358,  1  b;  to  prove  its  rotation,  359,  1  be. 
Reichenbach ,  countess  of  mistress  of  William 

II.  of  Hesse-Cassel,  VIII.  707,  2  a. 
Reichenbach,  Heinrich  Gottlieb  Ludwig  [ri'- 
chen-bakh],  German  naturalist,  XIV.  263. 
Anton  Benedict  and  Heinrich  Gustav,  2  b. 
Reichenbach,  Karl,  baron,  naturalist,  XIV. 
263.  His  discovery  of  creosote,  III.  768, 
1  b  ;  controversy  respecting  its  identity  with 
carbolic  acid,  1  be.  On  the  properties  of 
oily  fluids,  IX.  811,  2  be. 

Reichenberg  [-bairg],  Bohemia,  XIV.  264. 
Reichsland ,  German  [rlchs'-lant] :  see  Alsace- 
Lorraine. 

REicnsTADT,  Duke  of  [rfh'-stat] :  see  Bona¬ 
parte,  III.  48,  1  b. 

Reichstag  [richs'-takh],  German  parliament, 

VII.  750,  1  b,  c.  First  German  Reichstag, 
760,  1  c  :  see  Diet.  North  German  Reichs¬ 
tag,  758,  2  c;  759,  2  a;  760,  1  a,  be. 

Reid,  Mayne,  British  novelist,  XI  V.  264. 


640 


REID 


REN  SSEL  AERITE 


Reid,  Thomas,  Scottish  metaphysician,  XI Y. 
264;  XIII.  441,  2  be. 

Reid,  Sir  William,  British  meteorologist,  XIY. 
264.  His  theory  of  hurricanes,  IX.  80,  2  c. 

Reigate  [rl'-gate],  town  of  England,  XIY.  264. 

Reign  of  terror ,  in  France,  YII.  389,  1  c ; 
XIY.  359,  1  b. 

Reil,  Johann  Christian  [rile],  German  anato¬ 
mist,  XIV.  264.  “  Island  of  Reil,'”  in  anat¬ 

omy,  265,  1  a. 

Reimarus,  Hermann  Samuel  [rl-ma'-roos], 
scholar,  XIY.  265.  Referred  to,  XI.  812,  2  c. 

Reims  :  see  Rheims. 

Reimthursen  [rime'-toor-zen],  in  northern  my¬ 
thology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 

Reindeer  [rain'-deer],  XIY.  265.  See  Caribou. 

Reindeer  lichen ,  X.  410,  2  c. 

Reinhold,  Karl  Leonhard  [rine'-holt],  German 
philosopher,  XIY.  265.  Referred  to,  XIII. 
442,  1  a. 

Reinkens,  Joseph  Hubert  [rine'-kence],  theo¬ 
logian,  XIY.  265. 

Reinstein :  see  Regenstein  (Index). 

Reis ,  Philip ,  XV.  622,*  2  a. 

Reiske,  Johann  Jakob  [rice'-keh],  XIY.  266. 

Reissig  [ri'-si'h],  experiments  of  in  wood  gas, 
VII.  639,  1  c. 

Reissiger,  Karl  Gottlieb  [rl'-se-gher],  com¬ 
poser,  XIY.  266. 

Reithrodon  [ri'-thro-don],  (zoology),  XII.  14, 
2  c.  R.  humilis,  15,  1  a. 

Rejangs ,  Asiatic  race,  II.  516,  1  b. 

Rejoinder ,  in  pleading,  XIII.  607,  2  c. 

Relator ,  in  law,  YII.  26,  1  ab  ;  IX.  278,  2  a ; 
XI.  98,  1  a. 

Relay  House ,  origin  of  the  name,  XIY.  172,  2  b. 

Relay  magnet ,  for  telegraph,  XY.  612,  1  b  (ill.). 

Release  and  discharge ,  in  law,  XIY.  156,  2  a. 

Relieved :  see  Lake  Dwellings,  X.  Ill,  1  c. 

Relief  in  sculpture,  XIY.  715,  1  c. 

Relief  the ,  in  fortification,  YII.  329,  1  c. 

Relief  church,  Scottish,  referred  to,  YI.  139,  2  c. 

Relief  secession :  see  Presbyterianism,  XIII. 
811,  1  c. 

Religious  Orders,  XIY.  266.  See  Mona- 
ciiism,  Deaconesses,  and  Dunkers,  VI.  316, 
2  c. 

Reliquiae  Sacrce  Carolines ,  IY.  281,  2  a. 

Remainder,  in  law,  XIV.  267.  See  Estate, 
YI.  738,  2  ab.  Contingent  remainder,  2  be. 

Rembrandt  yan  Ryn,  Paul  Harmens,  Dutch 
painter,  XIY.  268.  Etchings  of,  YI.  652, 1  b. 

Rembrandt  of  architecture ,  Piranesi  so  called, 
XIII.  539,  2  b. 


Remi :  see  Remy. 

Remigius  :  see  Remy. 

Rem' ington,  E.,  and  sons :  see  Ilion.  Reming¬ 
ton  pistol,  XIII.  545,  2  b  (ill.) ;  rifle,  XIY. 
332,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Remond  [ra-mong],  assumed  name,  III.  442,  1  b. 

Remonstrants  (Arminians),  I.  728,  1  c ;  XII. 
248,  1  b-c ;  XIY.  255,  1  a. 

Rem'ora  :  see  Sucking  Fish,  XY.  437,  1  ab. 

Remorino  :  see  Ramorino. 

Removal  of  the  deposits ,  in  U.  S.  history,  IX. 
492,  2  c,493, 1  a;  XV.565,lab;  XVI.  167, lo. 

Remscheid  [rem'-shite],  city  of  Prussia,  XIY. 
268. 

Remus  :  see  Romulus. 

Remusat,  Claire  Elisabeth  Jeanne  Gravion  de 
Yergennes,  countess  de  [ra-mu-z&],  French 
authoress,  XIY.  269.  Charles  Francois  Marie 
de,  count,  author  and  statesman,  1  b. 

Remusat,  Jean  Pierre  Abel, orientalist, XI  Y.269. 

Remy,  Saint  [Fr.  ruh-me],  apostle  of  the  Franks, 
XIY.  269. 

Renaissance  [Fr.  ruh-na-sangs],  in  architec¬ 
ture,  XIY.  269 ;  I.  664,  2  b,  c.  In  literature, 
painting,  and  sculpture,  XIY.  269,  2  b. 

Renan,  Joseph  Ernest  [ruh-nane],  French  phi¬ 
lologist,  XIY.  269. 

Renaud  [ruh-no],  legendary  knight :  see  Aimon. 

Renault  [ruh-no],  referred  to,  X.  253, 2  a  (Lead). 

Rendel,  James  Meadows,  English  engineer, 
XIY.  270. 

Rendering ,  of  lard,  X.  169,  1  b. 

Rendsburg  [rents'-poorg],  town  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  XIY.  270. 

Ren£  I.  [ruh-na],  the  Good,  titular  king  of  Na¬ 
ples,  XIY.  270;  I.  297,  1  a. 

Renealmia  cardamomum  (botany),  III.  777,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Renfrew,  county  of  Canada,  XIY.  270. 

Renfrewshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XIY.  270. 

Reni,  Guido  :  see  Guido  Reni. 

Rennell,  James,  English  geographer,  XIY. 
271.  Rennell’s  current,  II.  73,  2  a  ;  662, 1  c. 

Rennes  [ren],  town  of  France,  XIV.  271. 

Rennet  :  see  Cheese,  IY.  349,  1  b.  Rennet 
wine,  XIII.  281,  2  b. 

Rennie,  John,  British  engineer,  XIY.  271. 

Reno,  county,  XIY.  271. 

Reno,  county  seat,  XYI.  492,  2  b. 

Renouard,  Antoine  Augustin  [ruh-nwar] , 
French  bibliographer,  XIY.  271. 

Rensselaer  [ren'-se-ler],  county,  XIY.  271. 

Rensselaer ,  county  seat,  IX.  571,  1  c. 

Rensselaerite,  mineral,  XY.  555,  1  b. 


RENT 


RETIEF 


641 


Rent,  theory  of:  see  Political  Economy,  XIII. 
671,  2  b. 

Rentes  [rangt],  French  stocks,  XV.  387,  2  c. 
Renville,  two  counties,  XIV.  271. 

Renwick,  James,  American  physicist,  XIV. 

272.  James,  architect,  1  b. 

Repartimientos  [ra-par-te-me-ain'-toce],  system 
of,  XV.  96,  1  ab  (Slavery). 

Repeal,  in  Ireland,  IX.  359, 2  b,  c;  XII.  575,1  be. 
Rephaim  [ref'-a-im],  ancient  race,  XV.  546, 
2  ab;  II.  360,  1  a;  VIII.  816,  2  b. 
Replev'in,  in  law,  XIV.  272 ;  VII.  26,  1  be. 
Replication ,  in  pleading,  XIII.  607,  2  c;  II. 
640,  1  ab. 

Reporters,  ancient,  for  daily  journals :  see  Acta 
Diurna,  I.  73,  2  c. 

Reporting  parliamentary  debates ,  right  of,  VII. 
707,  2  b. 

Representative  government,  earliest  in  Europe, 
I.  630,  1  a. 

Reprisals ,  law  of,  X.  226,  2  b. 

Reptiles  [rep'-tilz],  XIV.  273.  Structure  of, 
274,  1  c.  Fossil  reptiles,  275,  2  be.  Ana¬ 
tomical  peculiarities  of :  see  Comparative 
Anatomy.  Eye  of,  V.  179,  2  b;  VII.  47, 
2  ab,  c.  Classification  of:  see  Herpetology. 
Difference  between  reptiles  and  amphibians, 
VIII.  695,  2  a ;  XIV.  273,  2  be. 

Reptiles ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673, 2  a.  (See  plate.) 
Repton,  Humphry,  English  landscape  gardener, 
XIV.  276. 

Republic,  county,  XIV.  276. 

“  Republican  marriage ,”  a  mode  of  execution  : 

see  Carrier,  IV.  27,  1  b. 

“  Republican  Methodists see  Christians,  IV. 
545,  1  b. 

Republican  party :  see  Republicans  (Index). 
Republican  River  :  see  Kansas,  IX.  747, 2  b,  c. 
Republicans ,  early  American  party,  VII.  108, 

1  a ;  XVI.  161,  2a;  I.  90,  2  c  ;  IX.  592,  2  c, 
595,  2  c.  Modern,  XVI.  172,  1  ab,  ff. ;  XV. 
100,  1  c. 

Requa  rife  battery,  I.  796,  2  c. 

Requesens  [ra-ka-sence'],  (Don  Luis  de  Zuniga 
y,  1522— ’76),  governor  of  the  Netherlands, 
XII.  247,  2  b. 

Resaca  de  la  Palma  [ra-sa'-ka  da  la  pal'-ma], 
Texas,  battle  of,  XIV.  276;  XV.  596,  2  a. 
Rescripta,  in  Roman  law,  IV.  621,  1  a. 

Rese'da  (botany),  XI.  529,  1  c.  R.  odorata, 

2  ab  (ill.).  R.  alba,  2  c.  R.  luteola,  ib. ; 
XVI.  546,  1  c  (ill.). 

Reservations,  Indian ,  I.  406,  1  be. 

Reservoir  [rez-er-vwor'] :  see  Water  Works. 
41 


Croton  reservoirs,  I.  614,  1  ab,  2  b ;  615, 1  a. 
Mill  river  reservoir,  bursting  of,  VIII.  430, 
2  ab. 

“  Reservoir  of  Pecquet, ”  in1  anatomy,  XIII. 
223,  1  a. 

Res  gestce  [reez  jes'-te],  in  law,  VII.  6,  1  be. 

Res  judicata,  7,  2  b. 

Reshd :  see  Resht. 

Resh  gelutha,  Hebrew  title,  VIII.  595,  2  a. 
Reshid  Pasha,  Mustaplia  Mehemed  [reli-skeed' 
pa-ska/],  Turkish  statesman,  XIV.  276. 
Resht,  city  of  Persia,  XIV.  276. 

Residence,  legal ,  XII.  166,  1  ab.  See  Denizen. 
Resident ,  VI.  9,  2  be  (Denizen).  See  Natu¬ 
ralization. 

Residues ,  in  chemistry,  Gerhardt’s  theory  of, 
XVI.  95,  1  b. 

Residuum,  of  distilled  petroleum,  XIII.  371,  2  c. 
Resilience,  of  materials  under  strain,  XV.  417, 
2  b. 

Resina  [ra-ze'-na],  town  of  Italy,  XIV.  276. 
Res'ins,  of  plants,  XIV.  277. 

Resist  style ,  of  calico  printing,  III.  597,  1  c. 
Resistance  to  current,  in  galvanism,  VII.  593, 

1  c;  internal  or  essential,  2  ab;' external  or 
non-essential,  2  b. 

“ Resolutions  of  98-’9,”  IX.  594, 1  c ;  X.  824,  2  c. 
Resonator,  XV.  178,  1  c  (ills.) ;  VIII.  623,  2  c. 
Respa:  see  Molfetta. 

Respiration,  XIV.  277.  In  animals,  2  c ;  XII. 
771,  1  a.  In  hibernation,  VIII.  712,  2  b. 
Of  plants,  II.  84,  2  a;  XII.  771,  1  b;  XIV. 
277,  2  c. 

Respondentia  bond,  in  maritime  law,  XIV.  870, 

2  ab ;  III.  146,  1  a. 

Responsa prudentum,  in  Roman  law,  IV.  618, 2  a. 
Responsibility ,  criminal,  age  of,  I.  181,  1  c. 
Responsions,  at  Oxford,  XII.  766,  1  b. 

Res  privata  principis :  see  Fisc,  VII.  215,  2  c. 
Restigouche  [res-te-gooslF],  county,  XIV.  278. 
Restigouche,  river  of  Canada,  XIV.  278. 
Restitution  of  a  solid,  coefficient  of,  VI.  490, 1  c. 
Restraining  act,  of  parliament,  IX.  581,  1  a. 
Resurrection  plant,  X.  745,  1  be.  Another, 
XIV.  440,  2  be. 

Re'te  muco’sum  (or  Malpighii),  V.  189,  2  be, 
191',  2  be;  VI.  682,  2  a;  XII.  216,  1  c;  XV. 
79,  2  b  (ill.). 

Retennu ,  Semitic  race,  XI.  415,  2  a. 

Rethel,  Alfred  [ra'-tel],  German  painter,  XlV.i 
279. 

Retic'ulum,  in  ruminants,  XIV.  467,  2  c. 
Retief  Pieter  [ra'-teef],  leader  of  the  Boers.  II. 
776,  1  b. 


642 


RETINA 


RHEINLAND 


Ret'ina:  see  Eye,  YU.  146,  1  c. 

Reti'na:  see  Resina. 

Retinis'pora,  genus  of  conifers,  XIY.  279. 

R.  plumosa,  2  ab  (ill.),  &c. 

Retokt  :  see  Distillation,  YI.  140,  2  c,  141, 

1  a  (ill.) ;  Gas,  YII.  636,  2  a,  640,  2  a ;  Steel, 
XY.  359,  2  ab. 

Retriever,  dog,  XIY.  279  (ill.)* 

Retz,  Gilles  de  Laval,  seigneur  de  [dub  race], 
marshal  of  France,  XIV.  280. 

Retz,  Jean  Frangois  Paul  de  Gondi,  cardinal 
de,  politician,  XIY.  280. 

Retzsch,  Friedrich  August  Moritz  [retsh],  Ger¬ 
man  artist,  XIY.  280. 

Reuchlin,  Johann  [roich'-lin],  scholar,  XIY. 
280.  His  labors  to  promote  Hebrew  and 
classical  learning,  X.  191,  lb.  See  Epis- 

TOLiE  ObSCURORUM  VlRORUM. 

Reuchlmism ,  system  of  Greek  pronunciation, 

VIII.  209,  2  c. 

Reunion,  lie  de  la  [eel  duh  la  ra-ti-nyong],  isl¬ 
and,  Indian  ocean,  XIY.  281. 

Reus  [ra'-ooce],  city  of  Spain,  XIY.  281. 
Reusch  [roish],  scientist,  his  theory  of  colors  in 
labradorite,  YII.  114,  2  b. 

Reuss  [roice],  river  of  Switzerland,  XIY.  281. 
Reuss,  territory  of  Germany,  XIY.  281.  Prin¬ 
cipalities  of  Reuss-Greiz  and  Reuss-Schleiz, 
282,  1  a. 

Reuter  [roi'-ter],  chapelmaster :  see  Haydn, 
VIII.  538,  2  c. 

Reuter,  Fritz,  German  novelist,  XIY.  282. 
Reutlingen  [roit'-ling-en],  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  XIY.  282. 

Reval :  see  Revel. 

Revalenta  Arabica ,  prepared  food,  X.  345,  1  b. 
Rev'el,  town  of  Russia,  XIY.  282. 
Revelation,  Book  of  the :  see  Apocalypse. 
Revenue  jack :  see  Flag,  YII.  252,  1  a. 
Revere',  Paul,  American  patriot,  XIV.  282. 

See  Lexington,  X.  389,  1  ab. 

Reversion ,  estate  in,  YI.  738,  2  b. 

Rev'ett,  Nicholas  (1722-1804,  antiquary  and 
architect),  XY.  430,  2  b. 

Revivor  and  supplement ,  bill  of,  II.  640,  1  a. 
Revolution ,  American ,  XYI.  156,  1  ab,  ff. 
French  aid,  158,  2  ab,  159,  1  b,  2  c :  see 
Lafayette.  Spanish  aid,  X.  97,  2  a.  Com¬ 
mittee  of  correspondence,  X.  291,  2  b. 
Revolution ,  French:  see  France  (Index). 
Revolution  of  July  (1830),  IY.  289,  1  c ;  YII. 
391,  1  c;  X.  681,  1  be;  99,  2  b,  100,  2  b. 
Of  February  (1848),  YII.  391,  2  a;  X.  682, 

2  be ;  120,  1  a. 


Revolution  of  1848-9,  in  Germany:  see  Ger- 
many  (Index),  and  Rastadt.  In  Austria, 
II.  146,  1  a.  In  Hungary,  IX.  60,  1  a.  In 
Italy,  452,  1  a. 

Revolution  of  La  Granja,  in  Spain,  X.  106,  1  b. 
Revolution  q/1688,  in  England,  YI.  625,  1  be; 

IX.  518,  2  be ;  XYI.  631,  1  ab. 

Revolver  :  see  Pistol. 

Revolving  wheel  or  drum  process ,  in  tanning, 

X.  275,  1  be. 

Rewbell  [ruh-bel],  (Jean  Frangois,  1747-1807, 
deputy  from  Alsace)  :  see  Directory. 

Rex  piissimus ,  title  conferred  by  Pius  IX.,  YII. 
135,  1  a. 

Rex  sacrorum,  Roman  priest,  YII.  93,  2  b. 
Reybaud,  Marie  Roch  Louis  [ra-bo],  French 
author,  XIY.  283. 

Reyer,  Louis  Etienne  Ernest  [ra-ya],  com¬ 
poser,  XIY.  283. 

Reykjavik  [ri'-kya-vik],  capital  of  Iceland,  XIV. 
283. 

Reynolds  [ren'-ulz],  county,  XIY.  283. 
Reynolds,  Sir  Joshua,  Englishpainter,  XIY.  283. 
Rezat  [ra'-tsat],  former  circle  of,  YII.  428,  2  a. 
Rezzonico,  Carlo  [ret-so-ne'-ko],  (Pope  Clement 
XII L),  IY.  663,  2  ab. 

Rha:  see  Volga. 

Rhabanus  :  see  Rabanus. 

Rhacoph'orus  (zoology),  XY.  855,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Rhadamanthus,  in  mythology,  XIY.  284. 
Rhceti,  Rhcetians:  see  Etruria,  YI.  764,  2  b; 

Rii^etia;  and  XY.  529,  1  b. 

Rbletia,  XIY.  284;  401,  1  c;  XV.  529,  2  a. 
Rhceto - Romanic :  see  Romansh. 

Rhagio  (entomology),  II.  678,  2  b. 

Rhamadan  :  see  Ramadan. 

Rhamnus  (botany),  III.  390,  2  a.  R.  catharti- 
cus,  2  b  (ill.).  R.  lanceolatus  and  R.  alni- 
folius,  ib.  R.  infectorius,  XYI.  433,  1  a. 
Rhamphorhynchus  (zoology),  XIY.  62,  2  ab. 
Rhapsod1 omancy ,  kind  of  divination,  YI.  154, 1  b. 
Rhazes,  Arabian  physician, I.  261,  lab;  625, 2ab. 
Rhe  :  see  Re. 

Rhe'a,  in  Greek  mythology  :  see  Cybele. 
Riiea,  county,  XIY.  285. 

Rhea  (ornithology),  XII.  725,  2  b.  R.  Ameri¬ 
cana,  2  c  (ill.) ;  III.  225,  2  a. 

Rhea  Silvia  :  see  Romulus. 

RnEGiuM  :  see  Reggio  di  Calabria. 

RnsiMS  [rangs],  city  of  France,  XIY.  285.  Ca¬ 
thedral  of,  1  b ;  IY.  118,  2  b. 

Rheingau  [rine'-gow],  viticultural  region,  YII. 
773,  1  b. 

Rheinland :  see  Rhine,  Province  of  the. 


RHEINSCHANZE 


RHUS 


043 


Rheinschanze ,  the  [rine'-shan-tsSh],  X.  710,  1  b 
(Ludw  igsh  afen)  . 

Rheita ,  Schyrle  de,  convex  eye  lens  first  used 
by,  XV.  623,  2  ab.  Binocular  telescope  in¬ 
vented  by,  2  b.  Referred  to,  G24,  1  be. 

Rhenish:  Confederation  [ren'-ish],  XIV.  285  ; 

'  VII.  754,  1  c. 

Rhenish  Prussia  :  see  Rhine,  Province  of  the. 

RiiENisn  Wines  :  see  Germany,  Wines  of. 

Rhenus :  see  Rhine. 

Rheostat ,  Wheatstone's ,  in  galvanism,  VII.  595, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Rhetrce ,  ordinances  of  Lycurgus,  VIII.  188, 1  c. 

Rhe'um  (botany),  XIV.  302,  2  b.  R.  Rhapon- 
ticum,  2  c;  Emodi,  303,  1  c;  nobile,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  officinale,  2  c  (ill.). 

Rheumatic  fever ,  XIV.  285,  2  b. 

Rheumatism,  disease,  XIV.  285. 

Rhexia  Virginica  (botany),  V.  761,  2  be  (ill.). 

Rhigolene ,  volatile  fluid,  XIII.  371,  1  c;  VI. 
748,  2  ab. 

RniN,  Bas :  see  Alsace-Lorraine. 

Rhin,  Haut :  see  Haut-Rhin. 

RniNE,  river  of  Europe,  XIV.  286. 

Rhine,  Province  of  the,  Prussia,  XIV.  288. 

Rhinobat'idce  (ichthyology),  XIV.  221,  2  c. 

Rhinoceros  [rl-nos'-e-ros],  genus  of  mammals, 
XIV.  288.  R.  unicornis,  2  c ;  bicornis,  289, 
1  b  (ill.);  simus,  2  be.  Rhinoceros  bird,  2  c. 
Fossil  species,  290,  1  a. 

Rhinoceros  Hornbill  :  see  Hornbill. 

Rhinocolura ,  ancient  penal  colony,  VI.  487,  2  a. 

Rhinocorura :  see  Rhinocolura  (Index). 

Rhinogryphus  (ornithology),  XVI.  63,  1  a. 

Rhinoplasty  :  see  Autoplasty,  II.  156,  2  b. 
Revival  of,  VIII.  138,  2  a. 

Rhinop’tera  (ichthyology),  XIV.  223,  1  be. 

Rhinotme'tus ,  surname,  IX.  728,  1  c. 

Rhizines  [rl'-zinz],  of  lichens,  X.  409,  1  ab. 

Rhizocri'nus  (zoology),  V.  491,  1  c. 

Rhizo’dus  (ichthyology),  VII.  614,  2  c;  616,  2  c. 

Rhizome',  of  a  plant,  XIII.  577,  2  ab. 

Rhizomorpha  (botany),  VII.  529,  2  b.  Lumi¬ 
nosity  of,  530,  1  b. 

Rhizon'ic  gulf  IV.  127,  2  a. 

Rhizoph’ ora  (botany),  XI.  105,  2  c.  R.  Mangle, 
106,  1  b. 

Rhizop'oda :  see  Rhizopods  (Index). 

Rhi'zopods  :  see  Foraminifera,  Globigerina, 
and  Protozoa  ;  also  I.  515,  2  a. 

Rhodan' the  Mangle' sii  (botany),  IX.  196, 2  c  (ill.). 

Rhod'anus :  see  Rh6ne. 

Rhode  Island,  state,  XIV.  290.  State  seal 
(ill.).  Population,  2  c.  Surface,  291,  1  c. 


Islands,  2  a.  Rivers,  2  be.  Geology  and 
minerals,  2  c.  Climate  and  soil,  292,  1  a. 
Agriculture,  1  b.  Manufactures,  2  b.  Com¬ 
merce,  293,  1  a.  Intercommunication,  2  b. 
Banks,  1  be.  Government,  1  c.  Finances, 
294,  2  b.  Public  institutions,  295,  1  ab. 
Education,  2  b.  Libraries,  &c.,  296, 1  b.  Re¬ 
ligious  organizations,  1  be.  History,  2  a. 
First  charter  of,  2  c;  XVI.  260,  2  c.  See 
Williams,  Roger. 

Rhode  island ,  Xarragansett  bay,  XIV.  291,  2  a. 
Rhode  Island  lent ,  grass,  VIII.  167,  2  c. 
RnoDES,  Turkish  island,  XIV.  298.  History, 

1  c.  Capital  city,  2  c  (view).  Siege  of, 

2  be;  II.  100,  2  be;  XIV.  536,  1  b.  Colos¬ 
sus  of,  V.  Ill,  2  b  ;  IV.  73,  1  ab ;  designer  of, 
276,  1  ab.  Knights  of:  see  Saint  John  of 
Jerusalem. 

Rhodes,  Inner  and  Outer :  see  Appenzell, 
and  XV.  530,  2  b. 

Rhodez  :  see  Rodez. 

Rhodian  law,  maritime,  II.  160,  2  a;  I.  125, 

1  a;  X.  219,  1  c. 

Rhodian  school  of  oratory,  founder  of,  1. 151,  lc. 
Rhodium,  metal,  XIV.  299. 

Rhodium ,  oil  of  XIV.  441,  1  b. 
Rhododendron,  genus  of  plants,  XIV.  300. 
R.  Lapponicum,  1  ab ;  maximum,  1  b ;  Ca- 
tawbiense,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  punctatum,  &c.,  2  b. 
Exotic  species,  2  c.  Hybrids,  301,  1  b.  Prop¬ 
erties,  1  c.  See  Rhodora. 

Rhodomenia  palmata  (botany),  I.  299,  2  c. 
Rhodope  [rod'-o-pe] :  see  Thrace,  XV.  725, 

2  ab,  and  Balkan  Mountains,  II.  241,  2  a. 
Rhodo'ra,  genus  of  plants,  XIV.  301  (ill.). 
Rhodosperms ,  class  of  algse,  I.  300,  2  b. 

Rheeas  (botany),  XIII.  714,  2  be. 

Rhomb,  Fresnel's  [rumb],  X.  447,  2  be  (ill.). 
Rhombus  (ichthyology),  XVI.  45,  1  c.  R. 

maximus,  ib.  (ill.),  and  other  species. 
Rhonchus ,  crepitant  [ron'-kus],  in  pneumonia, 
XIII.  630, 1  c.  Redux  crepitant  rhonchus,  2  a. 
Rhone,  river  of  Europe,  XIV.  301. 

RnoNE,  department  of  France,  XIV.  302. 
R'hoone,  Lord  [rone],  nom  de  plume,  II.  259, 1  a. 
Rhubarb,  plant,  XIV.  302.  Common,  2  c; 
Himalayan,  303,  2  a  (ill.) ;  medicinal,  2  c  (ill.). 
Composition,  304,  2  b.  Medical  properties, 
2  c.  Introduction  into  England,  II.  228,  2  c. 
Rhumb  line,  in  navigation,  XII.  180,  2  be. 

Rhus  (botany),  XV.  461,  2  a.  R.  aromatica, 
462,  1  b ;  copallina,  1  a,  V.  312,  2  c  (ill.)  ; 
coriaria,  XV.  463,  1  c;  cotinus,  462,  1  be  (ill.), 
VII.  547,  1  c ;  glabra,  XV.  461,  2  ab  (ill.) ; 


644 


EHYNCELEA 


RICHARDSON' 


semialata,  463,  2  c  (ill.);  succedanea,  IX. 
532, 1  be ;  toxicodendron,  XY.  462,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
typhina,  461,  2  c;  venenata,  462,  2  c  (ill.), 
YI.  185,  1  a;  vernicifera,  IX.  532, 1  be,  XY. 
463,  2  b. 

Rhynchcea  [rin-ke'-a],  (ornithology),  XY.  133, 
2  b.  R.  Capensis,  ib. 

Rhynchcenus  strobi  (entomology),  XYI.  536, 1  c. 
Rhynchoph' ora  (entomology),  II.  477,  2  b ;  XYI. 
535,  2  c. 

Rhyn' chops  (ornithology),  XY.  78,  1  be.  R. 
nigra,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Rhyncho'tus  (ornithology),  XY.  765,  1  c.  R. 
rufescens,  ib. 

Rhynconella ,  III.  177,  2  c  (Brachiopoda). 
Rhyndace'nus ,  surname,  X.  178,  2  c. 

Rhyn’  dacus ,  river  of  Asia  Minor,  I.  224,  2  b. 
Rhyparocli’romus  devastator  (entomology), 
IY.  486,  2  c  (ill.). 

Rhyti'na  Stel’leri  (zoology),  XI.  89,  2  c. 

Eiad  :  see  Riyad. 

Rialto ,  the ,  bridge  in  Yenice,  XYI.  296,  2  be; 

III.  271,  1  c.  Island,  XYI.  299,  1  c. 

RiaTion  [re-a-nyoan'J,  Spanish  commander  of 
the  Alhondega,  I.  310,  1  c. 

Rianzares,  Duke  of  [re-an-tlia'-race] :  see  Mu- 
ffoz. 

Riazan  [re-a-zan'J,  government  of  Russia,  XIY. 

305.  Capital  city,  1  b. 

Rib  :  see  Skeleton. 

Rib’ and,  rib' an :  see  Ribbon. 

Riband ,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  672,  1  be. 
ifo’5as[re'-bas],  S.  American  general,  III.  7, 2  a,  ab. 
Ribas  tree ,  in  Persian  mythology,  Y.  794,  1  a. 
Ribaudequin  [re-bo-duh-ka"g],  gun,  I.  796,  2  c. 
Ribault,  Jean  [re-bo],  French  navigator,  XIY. 

305.  See  Menendez  de  Aviles. 

Ribble ,  river  of  England,  XYI.  790,  2  b. 
Ribbon,  XIY.  305. 

Ribbon  Fish,  XIY.  306  (ill.).  Scabbard  fish 
so  called,  660,  2  a. 

Ribbonmen ,  Irish  secret  association,  XII.  667, 1  b. 
Ribbon  Worms,  XIY.  307.  See  Planarians. 
Ribera,  Jos6  [re-ba'-ra] :  see  Spagnoletto. 
Ribes  [rl'-beez],  (botany),  Y.  585,  1  a,  2  c.  R. 
rubrum,  1  a  (ill.);  nigrum,  2  a  (ill.);  pros¬ 
tratum,  &c.,  2  b;  grossulana,  YIII.  108, 
2  ab  (ill.).  American  species,  2  b. 

Rib-faced  deer :  see  Muntjao. 

Rib  grass  (plantain),  XIII.  594,  2  c. 

Ribhns ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  b. 
Ribible ,  musical  instrument,  XYI.  366,  2  c. 
Ricardo,  David,  English  political  economist, 
XIY.  307;  XIII.  671,  2  be. 


Ricarees  :  see  Eickarees. 

Ricasoli,  Bettino,  baron  [re-ka'-zo-le],  Italian 
statesman,  XIY.  307. 

Ricaut,  Sir  Paul  [re-ko'],  English  diplomatist, 
XIY.  307. 

Ricci  [reet'-che] :  see  Rizzio. 

Ricci,  Federigo,  Italian  composer,  XIY.  807. 

Ricci ,  Lorenzo ,  general  of  the  Jesuits  (1758), 
imprisonment  and  death  of,  IX.  631,  2  b. 

Ricci  (Matteo,  1552-1610),  founder  of  Jesuit 
missions  in  China,  IY.  459,  2  a. 

Ricci ,  Scipione  (1741-1810),  bishop  of  Pistoja 
(1780-90),  opponent  of  ultramontanism, 
XYI.  106,  2  a. 

Riccia  (botany),  X.  542,  1  be  (ill.,  R.  natans). 

Riccia’cece  (botany),  X.  542,  2  c. 

Riccio  [reet'-cho] :  see  Rizzio . 

Riccio,  Domenico :  see  Brusasorci. 

Riccioli,  Giovanni  Battista  [reet'-cho-le],  Ital¬ 
ian  astronomer,  XIY.  807. 

Rice,  grain,  XIY.  307  (ill.).  American  varie¬ 
ties,  308,  1  c.  Cultivation,  2  a.  Prepara¬ 
tion  of  the  grain,  309, 1  ab.  Uses,  2  a.  Sta¬ 
tistics,  2  c. 

Rice,  two  counties,  XIY.  310. 

Rice,  Indian,  grass,  XIY.  310  (ill.). 

Rice,  Luther,  American  clergyman,  XIY.  310. 

Rice  bags ,  material  of,  in  India,  II.  373,  2  a. 

Rice  Bird  :  see  Finch,  YII.  190,  2  a.  Another, 
II.  766,  2  a. 

Rice  Bunting  :  see  Bobolink. 

Rice  Paper  Tree,  XIY.  310  (ill.). 

Riceville ,  county  seat,  XIII.  214,  2  c. 

Rice  water ,  XIY.  309,  2  be. 

Rich,  county,  XIY.  311. 

Rich,  Claudius  James,  English  traveller,  XIY. 
311. 

Rich,  Edmund,  Saint,  archbishop  of  Canter¬ 
bury,  XIY.  311. 

Richard  I.,  Cceur  de  Lion,  king  of  England, 
XIY.  312.  Alleged  institution  of  the  order 
of  the  garter  by  him,  YII.  631,  1  c. 

Richard  II.,  XIY.  313. 

Richard  III.,  XIY.  314.  Referred  to,  XY.  6, 
1  b.  See  Edward  Y. 

Richard  de  Bury  :  see  A  ungervyle. 

Richardia  Africana  [re-kar'-de-a],  (botany),  X. 
473,  1  c. 

Richard  Plantagenet,  earl  of  Cornwall  and 
emperor  of  Germany,  XIY.  315. 

Richards  indicator ,  for  steam  pressure,  XY. 
350,  1  be  (ill.). 

Richardson,  county,  XIY.  315. 

Richardson,  Benjamin  Ward,  English  physi- 


RICHARDSON 


RIFLE 


645 


cian,  XIV.  315.  His  researches  on  blood, 
II.  734, 1  a.  Use  of  anaesthetics,  IV.  504,  1  a. 
Richardson,  Charles,  philologist,  XIV.  316. 
Richardson,  James,  traveller,  XIV.  316  ;  II. 
344.  2  a,  b. 

Richardson,  Sir  John,  naturalist,  XIV.  316  ; 

I.  671,  2  ab,  c,  673,  2  c. 

Richardson,  Samuel,  author,  XIV.  316;  VI. 
642,  1  be. 

Richardson's  process ,  in  iron  manufacture,  IX. 
401,  2  be. 

Richelieu  [re-shuh-lu'],  county,  XIV.  316. 
Richelieu,  Armand  Jean  Duplessis,  cardinal 
and  duke  de  [re-shuh-lyuh],  French  states¬ 
man,  XIV.  316  ;  VII.  383, 1  b  ;  IX.  37,  2  c ; 
688,  2  ab.  Alphonse  Louis  Duplessis,  arch¬ 
bishop,  XIV.  318,  1  be.  Louis  Francois  Ar¬ 
mand  Duplessis,  marshal  de  Richelieu,  1  c. 
Armand  Emmanuel  Duplessis,  duke  de  Riche¬ 
lieu,  ib. 

Richelieu  river ,  IV.  249,  2  a. 

Richer,  Rdouard  [re-sha],  author,  XIV.  318. 
Richerand,  Anthelme,  baron  [re-shuh-rang], 
physiologist,  XIV.  318. 

Richfield ,  county  seat,  XIV.  789,  2  b. 

Richfield  springs ,  referred  to,  XL  593,  2  b. 
Richibucto  [rish-e-buk'-to],  county  seat,  IX. 
794,  1  a. 

Richland,  name  of  six  counties,  XIV.  318. 
Richland  Centre ,  county  seat,  XIV.  319,  1  c. 
Richmann ,  Prof,  [rkh'-man],  (Georg  Wilhelm, 
born  1711),  death  of  by  lightning,  X.  464, 1  be. 
Richmond,  four  counties,  United  States,  XIV. 
319. 

Richmond,  two  counties,  Canada,  XIV.  319. 
Richmond,  capital  of  Virginia,  XIV.  320.  Pub¬ 
lic  buildings  and  monuments,  1  c  (ill.,  state 
capitol).  Commerce,  2  ab.  Manufactures,  2  c. 
Banks,  321,  1  a.  Government,  ib.  Charita¬ 
ble  institutions,  1  b.  Schools, iA  Churches, 2a. 
History,  ib.  Federal  campaigns  against,  X. 
773,  2  ab ;  VIII.  159,  1  a.  Abandoned  by 
the  confederate  army  and  government,  XIV. 
322,  1  ab ;  entered  by  the  Union  army,  1  c. 
Richmond,  city  of  Indiana,  XIV.  322. 
Richmond ,  county  seats,  VII.  326,  1  c;  X.  820, 
1  c,  2  be ;  XIV.  223,  2  ab  ;  319,  2  a. 
Richmond,  town  of  England,  XIV.  322. 
Richmond,  Countess  of :  see  Beaufort,  Mar¬ 
garet. 

Richmond,  Legh,  English  clergyman,  XIV.  323. 
Richter  [rich'-ter],  (Jeremias  Benjamin,  1762- 
1807,  of  Breslau  and  Berlin),  on  chemical 
equivalents,  IV.  365,  2  be. 


BicnTER,  Johann  Paul  Friedrich  (Jean  Paul), 
German  author,  XIV.  323. 

Ricimer ,  Count  [ris'-e-mer],  Roman  general, 
XVI.  564,  2  be ;  565,  1  a,  ff. 

Ricinus  [ris'-e-nus],  (botany)  :  see  Castor  Oil, 
IV.  86,  2  a,  c.  R.  communis,  2  ab,  c  (ill.). 
R.  major,  X.  397,  2  c. 

Rickarees,  Indian  tribe,  XI  V.  323. 

Rickets,  disease,  XIV.  324 ;  III.  58,  1  a. 

Ricord,  Philippe  [re-kor],  French  physician, 
XIV.  324.  Alexandre,  2  a. 

Rideau  canal  [re-do'],  Canada,  XII.  734,  2  b. 

Ridge-and-groove  articulation ,  I.  783,  2  b. 

Ridgeway ,  county  seat,  VI.  541,  2  a. 

Ridings ,  divisions  of  Yorkshire,  XVI.  790,  2  a. 

Ridley,  Nicholas,  English  bishop,  XIV.  324. 
Burned  as  a  heretic,  2  c. 

Ridolfi,  Roberto,  Italian  conspirator,  XIV.  324. 

Riebau ,  George ,  VII.  82,  1  c,  2  a  (Faraday). 

Riedesel,  Friedrich  Adolph  von,  baron  [re'- 
deh-zel],  German  general,  XIV.  325.  Frie- 
derike  Charlotte  Luise,  writer,  2  a. 

Riego  [re-a'-go],  (Rafael  del),  Spanish  insur¬ 
gent  chief,  XV.  214,  1  b-2  a. 

Riel,  Louis  [re-el] :  see  Manitoba,  XI.  114,  2  be. 

Riezan  [re-eh-zan'] :  see  Riazan. 

Rienzi,  Nicola  Gabrini  [re-en'-dze],  tribune  of 
Rome,  XIV.  325;  XIII.  42,  1  a. 

Riesengebirge  [re'-zen-geh-beer-geh],  moun¬ 
tain  range  of  Germany,  XIV.  327. 

Rietschel,  Ernst  Friedrich  August  [reet'-shel], 
German  sculptor,  XIV.  327. 

Rif  Er  (the),  [air  reef],  mountain  range  of  Mo¬ 
rocco,  XI.  839,  1  b.  Rif  pirates,  842,  2  ab ; 
battle  with,  I.  80,  1  c  (Riff). 

Rifles,  in  gold  washing,  VIII.  82,  2  c. 

Rifle,  XIV.  327.  Spiral  rifling,  2  ab ;  advan¬ 
tages  of,  2  b,  ff.  Calibre  and  projectile, 
328,  1  b.  Styles  of  rifling,  1  c ;  Whitworth’s, 
2  b  (ill.,  small  arm  projectile) ;  Henry’s,  ib. 
(ill.).  Introduction  into  use,  2  c.  Pauly 
breech-loader,  329,  1  c  (ill.),  330,  2  a ;  Del- 
vigne’s  rifle,  329,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Thouvenin’s  ca¬ 
rabine  a  tige,  2  c  (ill.,  330) ;  Mini6  bullet, 
330,  1  ab  (ills.).  American  military  rifles, 

1  be;  Springfield,  1  c.  Breech-loaders,  330, 

2  a;  Hall’s,  2  be  (ill.,  331) ;  needle  gun,  329, 
1  c  (Dreyse’s),  331, 1  b  (ill.)  ;  Chassepot,  1  c 
(ill.);  Spencer  magazine  gun,  332,  1  b  (ill.); 
Henry  or  Winchester  gun,  1  c,  2  a;  Rem¬ 
ington,  2  ab  (ill.);  Springfield,  2  c  (ill.); 
Martini-Henry,  333, 1  b  (ill.) ;  Peabody,  1  be 
(ill.) ;  Snider,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Gorloff,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
Pieri,  2  c ;  Berdan,  ib.  Table  of  breech- 


640 


RIFLE 


RIPARIAN 


loading  rifles,  334,  1  a.  Range,  1  b. — See 
Enfield  rifie  (Index).  Mauser  rifle,  IX.  270, 
2  b.  Rifle  first  used  as  a  weapon,  I.  735, 
2  a ;  superiority  of  the  American,  750,  2  c. 
Rifle  cannon,  I.  791,  2  a,  if. ;  III.  710,  1  b. 

Rifie  trenches  or  pits,  VII.  336,  1  a. 

Riga  [re'-ga],  city  of  Russia,  XIY.  334. 

Rigby ,  Elizabeth:  see  Eastlake,  YI.  379,  1  a. 

Rigdon,  Sidney :  see  Mormons,  XI.  833,  2  a. 

Rigg,  James  H.,  English  clergyman,  XIY.  335. 

Rigging ,  of  a  ship,  XIY.  865,  2  c. 

Riggs ,  Rev.  E.,  missionary,  III.  423,  2  ab. 

Righi :  see  Rigi. 

Righint,  Vincenzo  [re-ghe'-ne],  Italian  compo¬ 
ser,  XIY.  335. 

Rigi  [re'-ghe],  Swiss  mountain,  XIY.  335. 

Right  of  eminent  domain ,  X.  224,  1  ab. 

Right  lymphatic  duct ,  X.  749,  2  c. 

Right  of  petition ,  to  congress,  I.  105,  1  b 
(Adams). 

Right  of  reentry,  in  law,  X.  269, 1  be. 

Right  of  search :  see  Search  (Index). 

Right  of  survivorship,  in  law,  IX.  672,  2  be. 

Right  of  way,  over  another’s  ground,  XIY. 
228,  2  c. 

Rigor  mortis,  of  the  muscles,  XII.  68,  2  ab. 

Rig-  Veda,  collection  of  ancient  Hindoo  litera¬ 
ture,  IX.  222,  2  a.  Yedic  gods,  demons,  &c., 
223,  1  a,  if. 

Riha  [re'-ha],  site  of  Jericho,  IX.  607,  1  ab. 

Rijn  [rine] :  see  Rhine. 

Rijswijh  [rice'-vike] :  see  Ryswick. 

Riley,  county,  XIV.  335. 

Riley,  Charles  Valentine,  American  entomolo¬ 
gist,  XIY.  335. 

Rima  glottidis  (anatomy),  XYI.  397,  2  be. 

Rimac  [re-mak'],  Peruvian  idol,  XIII.  342,  1  a. 
River,  III.  619,  2  ab;  X.  474,  2  a,  476,  1  ab. 

Rimau-dahan  [re-mow'-da-han'],  tiger  cat,  XY. 
750,  2  be  (ill.). 

Rime  song,  Anglo-Saxon,  I.  504,  1  c. 

Rimini  [re'-me-ne],  town  of  Italy,  XIY.  335. 

Rimini,  Francesca  and  Paolo  da,  referred  to, 
XI.  55,  1  a. 

Rimouski  [re-moos'-ke],  county  of  Canada, 
XIY.  336.  Capital,  1  ab. 

Rim  roclc ,  in  mines,  XI.  572,  2  b. 

Rinaldo  Rinaldini  [re-nal'-do  re-nal-de'-ne], 
romance,  XYI.  412,  1  b. 

Rinderpest  :  see  Murrain,  XII.  57,  1  c. 

Rinehart,  William  Henry,  American  sculptor, 
XIY.  336. 

Ring,  ornament  for  the  finger,  XIY.  336.  Uses 
of  among  ancient  nations,  1  c,  if.  Jus  an¬ 


nuli  aurei  (or  jus  annulorum),  2  c.  Use  of 
by  the  early  Christians,  337, 1  ab  (ills.).  Seal 
rings,  1  c  (ills.).  Bishop’s  ring,  2  a;  II.  663, 
2  c.  Wedding  ring,  XIY.  337,  1  c ;  betroth¬ 
al,  338,  1  a.  Superstitions  connected  with 
it,  1  b.  Use  in  poisoning,  2  a. 

Ringbones,  disease,  XVI.  334, 1  a;  VIII.  826, 2 ab. 

Ring  frauds,  in  New  York,  XII.  408,  2  b.  See 
Tweed,  William  Marcy. 

Ringgold,  county,  XIY.  338. 

Ringgold,  county  seat,  IV.  125,  1  b. 

Ringworm  :  see  Epiphytes,  YI.  689,  2  a. 

Rinmann's  green,  a  pigment,  IY.  766,  2  c. 

Rinuccini  [re-noot-che'-ne],  (Ottavio,  1565?- 
1621),  Italian  poet,  XII.  90,  1  a. 

Rio  Arriba  [re'-o  ar-re'-ba],  county,  XIY.  338. 

Riobamba,  town  of  Ecuador  (pop.  20,000),  YI. 
397,  1  a.  (See  map.) 

Rio  Bravo  del  Norte  :  see  Rio  Grande  del 
Norte. 

Rio  Colorado  :  see  Colorado. 

Rio  de  Janeiro  [re'-o  da  zha-na'-ro],  province 
of  Brazil,  XIY.  333.  Municipality,  339, 
2  ab. — Capital  of  Brazil,  2  c.  Description, 
ib.  Institutions,  &c.,  340,  1  c.  Intercom¬ 
munication,  2  b.  Climate,  2  be.  Com¬ 
merce,  2  c.  History,  341,  1  ab. 

Rio  de  la  Plata  :  see  Plata,  Rio  de  la,  and 
I.  688,  1  b.  Government  of,  III.  409,  2  b. 

Rio  de  Segovia  :  see  Cape  River. 

Rio  Escondido  [ace-kone-de'-do] :  see  Blue- 
fields. 

Rio  Grande  [rl'-o  grand;  Sp.  re'-o  gran'-da], 
county,  XIV.  341. 

Rio  Grande,  river  of  Bolivia,  XIY.  341. 

Rio  Grande  City,  county  seat,  XY.  323,  2  a. 

Rio  Grande  del  Norte  [del  nor'-ta],  river  of 
North  America,  XI  Y.  341. 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  province  of  Brazil, 
XIY.  342. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul  :  see  §ao  Pedro  do  Sul. 

Rioja,  La  [la  re-o'-kha],  province  of  the  Argen¬ 
tine  Republic,  XIV.  342.  Capital  city,  2  ab. 

Riom  [re-ong],  city  of  France,  XIY.  342. 

Rion  [re-oan'J :  see  Phasis,  and  X.  66,  1  ab. 

Rio  Negro  [re'-o  na'-gro],  river  of  South 
America,  XIY.  342.  Another,  343,  1  a. 

Riot,  in  law,  XIY.  343.  Penalties  by  com¬ 
mon  law,  344,  1  ab.  English  riot  act,  and 
subsequent  statutes,  1  b.  In  the  United 
States,  1  c. 

Ripaille  [re-pay’],  monastery  (Savoy,  on  lake 
of  Geneva),  I.  373,  1  be.  Faire  Ripaille,  ib. 

Riparian  (rights  and  privileges),  XIY.  344. 


RIPLEY 


ROBBER 


047 


Ownership  on  unnavigable  rivers,  1  c ;  nav¬ 
igable  ponds  or  lakes,  2  b ;  shifting  channels, 
2  be ;  the  seashore,  345,  1  a ;  navigable 
rivers,  1  b.  Right  to  water,  1  be ;  of  fishing, 
2  ab ;  of  towage,  &c.,  346, 1  a ;  of  ferriage,  1  b. 

Ripley,  two  counties,  XIY.  346. 

Ripley ,  county  seats,  IX.  482,  2  a ;  X.  206, 
1  b ;  XY.  767,  1  b. 

Ripley,  Henry  Jones,  American  clergyman 
and  teacher,  XIY.  346. 

Ripley,  Roswell  Sabine,  soldier,  XIY.  346. 

Rip'on,  George  Frederick  Samuel  Robinson, 
earl  de  Grey  and  marquis  of,  English  states¬ 
man,  XIY.  346. 

Riposte  [re-post'],  in  fencing,  YII.  120,  2  c. 

Ripping ,  in  wire  drawing,  XYI.  676,  2  a. 

Ripple  Geass  :  see  Plantain,  XIII.  594,  2  c. 

Rippling ,  of  flax,  YII.  263,  2  a. 

Ripuarian  Franks,  YII.  443,  1  a.  Laws,  Y.  7, 
1  c,  2  c ;  8,  1  a. 

Riguet  de  Caraman  [re-ka  duh  ka-ra-mang] : 
see  Chimay,  IY.  436,  1  b,  c. 

Riquetti  [re-ka-te] :  see  Mieabeatt. 

Rishte  [rish'-teh],  disease,  II.  800,  2  ab. 

Rising  Sun ,  county  seat,  XII.  603,  1  b. 

Rissa  (ornithology),  YIII.  319,  2  be.  R.  tri- 
dactyla,  2  c. 

Risto'ei,  Adelaide,  marchioness  del  Grillo, 
Italian  actress,  XIY.  347. 

Risus  sardonicus,  in  tetanus,  XY.  666,  2  ab. 

Ritchie,  county,  XIY.  347. 

Ritchie,  Anna  Cora  Mowatt :  see  Mowatt. 

Ritchie,  Thomas,  American  journalist,  XIY. 
347. 

Ritchie's  air  pump,  I.  220,  2  a  (ill.) 

Rites,  Congregation  of,  XIV.  347. 

Ritson,  Joseph,  English  antiquary,  XIV.  347. 

Rittenhouse,  David,  American  mathematician, 
XIY.  347;  XYI.  191,  2  ab. 

Ritter  (knight),  IY.  497,  1  a. 

Rittee,  Carl,  German  geographer,  XIY.  348 ; 
YII.  686,  1  b. 

Rittee,  Heinrich,  philosopher,  XIY.  348. 

Rittinghuysen,  William  [rit'-ting-hi-zen],  first 
American  paper  maker,  XIII.  52,  1  b  ;  XIY. 
347,  2  c. 

Ritualism,  in  Anglican  churches,  XIY.  348. 
Periods  of,  2  a.  Ground  principles  of:  1st, 
ib. ;  2d,  2  c ;  3d,  349,  1  a.  Deductions,  1  c. 
Decisions  of  the  ecclesiastical  courts,  2  a,  ff. 
Encouragement  therefrom  to  the  English 
ritualists,  2  c.  Sympathy  with  English  rit¬ 
ualism  in  the  United  States,  350,  1  a. 

Ritzio :  see  Rizzio. 


Riu  Kiu  [ru  ku] :  see  Loo  Cnoo  Islands. 
Rivaeol,  Antoine  [re-va-rul],  XIV.  350. 
Rivas,  Angel  de  Saavedra,  duke  of  [re'-vass], 
Spanish  poet,  XIY.  350.  , 

Rive,  de  la,  XY.  622,*  1  c. 

Rive-de-Giee  [reev-duh-zhe-a],town  of  France. 
XIY.  350. 

River  of  Egypt,  II.  189,  1  c. 

Riverhead,  county  seat,  XV.  440,  1  b. 

Rivee  Hog  :  see  Waet  Hog,  XVI.  466,  1  a. 
River  Indians,  Mohegans,  XI.  701,  1  ab. 

River  wolf,  or  loutra  (otter),  XII.  736,  1  b. 
Rivers  and  lakes,  extent  of  state  jurisdiction 
over,  X.  224,  1  b.  Private  rights  over :  see 
Ripaeian. 

Rives,  William  Cabell  [reevz],  American  states¬ 
man,  XIY.  350. 

Riviera  di  Levante  [re-vya'-ra  de  la-van'-ta], 
and  R.  di  Ponente,VII.  673,  2  c;  IX. 441,  2  be. 
Riviere  a  la  Biche  [re-vyair  a  la  beesh],  X. 
791,  1  c. 

Riviere  du  Loup  [dli  loo],  county  seat,  XI. 
239,  2  a. 

Rivington,  James,  royalist  printer  in  Xew 
York,  XIY.  350. 

Rivoli  [re'-vo-le],  Italy,  XIY.  351.  Battle  of,l  a. 
Riyad  [re-yad'],  city  of  Arabia,  XIY.  351. 
Rizenci ,  trade  name,  XIV.  309,  2  b. 

Rizzio,  David  [rit'-se-o],  favorite  of  Mary, 
queen  of  Scots,  XIY.  351. 

Roach,  fish,  XIY.  351.  European,  2  be  (ill.). 
Misapplications  of  the  name,  352,  1  a ;  II. 
368,  2  c ;  III.  239,  2  c. 

Road,  XIY.  352.  In  ancient  countries,  1  ab- 
2  c.  In  modern  Britain,  2c;  in  the  United 
States,  353,  1  a.  Laying  out  new  roads,  1  ab. 
Road-bed  systems  of  Telford  and  Macadam, 
1  c.  Public  roads,  2  c. 

Road  bed,  of  public  highways,  XIY.  353,  1  c  ; 

of  railroads,  170,  1  be,  178,  2  be. 

Roane,  two  counties,  XIY.  354. 

Roanne  [ro-an],  town  of  France,  XIV.  354. 
Roanoke  [ro-a-noke'],  county,  XIV.  354. 
Roanoke  college ,  Virginia,  XIY.  563,  1  b. 
Roanoke  Rivee:  see  XoETn  Caeolina,  XII. 
489,  2  b. 

Roasting ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  426,  2  a ;  of  lead 
ores,  X.  256,  1  b;  of  zinc,  XYI.  820,  2  be. 
Rob'ards,  Lewis :  see  Jackson,  Andrew,  IX. 
486,  1  c. 

Robat  el-Kholy,  Arabian  desert,  I.  619,  1  a. 
Robber  council :  see  Robber  synod  (Index). 
Robber  synod ,  the,  X.  345,  2  b.  See  Ephesus, 
YI.  678,  2  a  ;  Eutyches,  791,  1  c  ;  Monoph- 


048 


ROBBERY 


ROCHELLE 


ysites,  XI.  757,  1  b.  Referred  to,  II.  343, 
1  c ;  IY.  226,  2  a ;  VIII.  723,  2  c. 

Robbery,  in  law,  XIY.  354.  What  constitutes 
it,  1  ab,  ff.  Old  English  mode  of  pursuing 
a  felon  (hue  and  cry),  355,  2  c.  Penalties, 

356,  1  a. 

Robbia,  Luca  della :  see  Pottery  and  Porce¬ 
lain,  XIII.  781,  1  c.  Andrea  and  Girola¬ 
mo,  ib. 

Bobbin ,  in  hat  manufacture,  VIII.  512,  1  c. 

‘  Robbing ,”  in  mining,  XI.  573,  2  b. 

Robbins ,  Jonathan ,  extradition  case  of,  I.  93, 
1  b  ;  VII.  44,  1  a ;  XI.  201,  1  a. 

Robert  I.,  king  of  Scotland  :  see  Bruce. 

Robert,  Louis  Leopold  [ruh-bair],  French 
painter,  XIV.  356. 

Robert,  Louis  Valentin  £lias,  French  sculptor, 
XIV.  356. 

Robert  of  Arbrissel :  see  Arbrissel. 

Robert  college ,  Constantinople,  XI.  647,  2  c. 

Robert  the  Devil:  see  William  I.,  the  Con¬ 
queror,  XVI.  629,  1  c. 

Robert-Fleury,  Joseph  Nicolas  [ruh-bair-fliih- 
re],  French  painter,  XIV.  356. 

Robert  de  Geneve  [dub  zhuh-naiv],  antipope 
(Clement  VII.),  IV.  661,  2  c. 

Robert  Guiscard  :  see  Guiscard. 

Robert  the  Strong,  Saxon  warrior,  III.  752, 1  ab. 

Roberts,  David,  British  artist,  XIV.  356. 

Roberts ,  Joseph  Jenkins ,  governor  and  presi¬ 
dent  of  Liberia,  V.  91,  2  c ;  X.  399,  2  b,  c. 

Roberts ,  Col.  William  R.,  Fenian,  VII.  127, 1  a. 

Roberts  torpedo ,  for  artesian  wells,  I.  779,  2  c. 

Robertson,  three  counties,  XIV.  356. 

Robertson,  Frederick  William,  English  cler¬ 
gyman,  XIV.  357. 

Robertson,  James  Cragie,  British  clergyman, 
XIV.  357. 

Robertson,  Thomas  William,  English  drama¬ 
tist,  XIV.  357. 

Robertson,  William,  Scottish  historian,  XIV. 

357. 

Roberval,  Gilles  Personne  or  Personier  de 
[ruh-bair- val],  French  mathematician,  XIV. 
357. 

Robervallian  lines,  XIV.  358,  1  a. 

Rob'eson,  county,  XIV.  358. 

Robespierre,  Maximilien  Marie  Isidore  de  [rob'- 
es-peer;  Fr.  ruh-bess-pyair],  French  revolu¬ 
tionist,  XIV.  358.  nis  early  life  and  per¬ 
sonal  traits,  1  b,  c.  Early  public  career,  2  a,  ff. 
The  reign  of  terror  instituted  by  him,  359, 1  b. 
Arrest  and  execution,  2  ab.  See  France, 
VII.  388,  2  be,  389,  1  b-2  b. 


Robin,  bird,  XIV.  359.  Redbreast,  2  c  (ill., 
360).  American,  1  b  (ill.). 

Robin,  Charles  Philippe  [ruh-bans],  French 
physiologist,  XIV.  360. 

Robinet,  /m&e£[ruh-be-na],  inventor,  11.192,1  c. 

Robin  Goodfelloics :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  b. 

Robin  Hood  :  see  Hood,  Robin. 

Robinia  :  see  Locust,  X.  571,  2  be. 

Robin  of  Redesdale,  English  rebel,  VI.  436,  2  c. 

Robins,  Benjamin ,  on  gunnery,  XIV.  327,  2  a. 

Robinson,  county  seat,  V.  465,  2  c. 

Robinson,  Beverley ,  tory,  I.  329, 1  be  ;  759,  2  c. 

Robinson,  Charles,  governor  of  Kansas,  IX. 
754,  1  c. 

Robinson,  Edward,  American  Biblical  scholar, 
XIV.  361  ;  XVI.  202,  1  c.  Therese  Alber- 
tine  Louise  von  Jakob,  authoress, XIV. 361, 2  a. 

Robinson,  Ezekiel  Gilman,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  president  of  Rochester  theological  semi¬ 
nary,  and  of  Brown  university,  XIV.  361. 

Robinson,  John,  English  clergyman,  XIV.  362 ; 

IX.  199,  1  c. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  Mary,  actress  and  authoress, 
VII.  709,  2  a. 

Robinson  Crusoe ,  V.  763,  2  b.  Supposed  pro¬ 
totype,  2  c. 

Robinson's  anemometer,  I.  490,  1  a. 

Robison,  John,  Scottish  writer  on  natural  phi¬ 
losophy,  XIV.  362. 

Rob  Roy,  Scottish  outlaw,  XIV.  362.  Rob 
Roy’s  cave,  X.  589,  2  c. 

Robsart,  Amy,  countess  of  Leicester,  VI.  294, 
1  b,  c. 

Rocca,  Albert  Jean  de,  husband  of  Mine,  de 
Stael,  XV.  300,  1  be. 

Rocca  Spaccata,  miraculous  rock,  VII.  552,  2  a. 

Rocella  (botany),  I.  650,  2  c  ;  651,  1  a.  Species, 

X.  411,  1  ab. 

Rochambeau,  Jean  Baptiste  Donatien  de  Vi- 
meur,  count  de  [ruh-shang-bo],  French  sol¬ 
dier,  XIV.  362.  Donatien  Marie  Joseph  de 
Vimeur,  viscount  de,  363,  1  a. 

Roch'dale,  town  of  England,  XIV.  363.  Equi¬ 
table  pioneers’  society,  1  c ;  XV.  142,  2  ab. 

Rochefort,  or  Rochefort-sur-Mer  [rush-for- 
sur-mair],  town  of  France,  XIV.  363. 

Rochefort ,  Henri :  see  RocnEFORT-LugAY. 

RocHEFORT-LugAY,  Victor  Henri,  count  de 
[-lu-sa],  French  journalist,  XIV.  363.  His 
“  Lanterne,”  III.  52,  2  c. 

Rochefoucauld  :  see  La  Rochefoucauld. 

Rochejaquelein  :  see  La  Rochejaquelein. 

Rochelle,  La  [la  ruh-shel],  town  of  France, 
XIV.  364.  Siege  of :  see  Richelieu,  317, 1  ab. 


ROCHELLE 


RODGER’S 


649 


Rochelle  Salt,  XIV.  364;  Y.  469,  1  c. 
Rocker  de  Corneille  [ruh-sha  dull  kor-nay’], 
rock,  XIY.  102,  1  be. 

Rochester,  city  of  New  York,  XIY.  364  (ill.). 
Description,  2  a.  Intercommunication,  2  ab. 
Public  buildings,  2  c.  Religious  organiza¬ 
tions,  365, 1  ab.  Charitable  institutions,  1  b. 
University,  1  c.  Theological  seminary,  2  ab. 
Government,  2  b.  Commerce  and  manufac¬ 
tures,  2  be.  History,  2  c.  Origin  of  the 
name,  366,  2  a. 

Rochester ,  county  seats,  YII.  525,  1  a ;  XII. 
620,  2  a  (city). 

Rochester,  city  of  England,  -XIY.  366. 
Rochester,  John  Wilmot,  earl  of,  wit,  liber¬ 
tine,  and  buffoon,  XIY.  366. 

Rochester,  Nathaniel,  American  pioneer,  XIY. 
366. 

Rocke-sur-  Yon ,  La  [la  rush-siir-yong] :  see  Na¬ 
poleon- Yendee  (Index). 

Rochet,  Louis  [ruh-sha],  French  sculptor,  XIY. 
366. 

Rochette,  Desire  Raoul  [rowlruh-sliet], French 
archaeologist,  XIV.  366. 

Rochusberg  [ro'-khoos-bairg],  mountain,  II.  645, 

1  a  (view,  644). 

Rock:  see  Rocks.  Blasting  of  live  rock,  II. 
700,  1  b. 

Rock,  two  counties,  XIY.  366. 

Rockbridge,  county,  XIY.  367. 

Rock  Castle,  county,  XIY.  367. 

Rock  crystal ,  XIY.  131,  2  b. 

Rockdale,  county,  XIY.  367. 

Rocker ,  in  gold  mining,  YII.  82,  2  be. 

Rocket,  projectile,  XIY.  367.  Congreve’s  im¬ 
provement,  1  c,  368,  1  a.  Construction,  367, 

2  a.  Mode  of  firing,  368,  1  a.  Uses,  ib.  Sub¬ 
marine  rocket,  XV.  805,  2  a. 

Rocket ,  blunted  lance,  XV.  824,  1  c. 

Rock  Fish:  see  Bass,  II.  368,  1  a;  Wrasse, 
XYI.  734, 1  be. 

Rockford,  city  of  Illinois,  XIV.  368. 

Rockford ,  county  seat,  Y.  311,  2  c. 

Rocking ,  in  the  preparation  of  alum,  I.  365,  2  a. 
Rock'ingham,  three  counties,  XIY.  368. 
Rockingham ,  county  seat,  XIY.  319,  2  be. 
Rockingham,  Charles  Watson  Wentworth,  mar¬ 
quis  of  [rok'-ing-um],  English  statesman, 
XIY.  369. 

Rocking  stones ,  III.  167,  1  b  ;  X.  141,  2  c  (logan 
stones). 

Rock  Island,  county,  XIY.  369. 

Rock  Island,  city  of  Illinois,  XIY.  369.  Rock 
Island  arsenal  and  armory,  1  c. 


Rockland,  county,  XIY.  369. 

Rockland,  city  of  Maine,  XIY.  369. 

Rockland ,  county  seat,  X.  25,  1  a. 

Rockland  lake ,  New  York,rVXIV.  369,  2  be. 

Rockling ,  fish,  X.  506,  2  b. 

Rock  oil:  see  Petroleum. 

Rockport ,  county  seats,  II.  51,  1  be ;  IX.  8,  2  c; 
XY.  257,  2  c. 

Rock  rabbit  (hyrax),  IX.  138,  1  c. 

Rock  river ,  of  the  United  States,  IX.  183,  1  a. 
Of  British  America,  X.  791,  1  c. 

Rocks,  in  geology,  XIY.  370.  Original  and 
derived,  1  c,  ff.  Compound  or  heterogene¬ 
ous,  2  ab,  ff.  Transition,  YII.  697,  1  b. 

Rock  salt ,  XIY.  571,  1  a,  ff.  Its  diathermancy, 
VI.  81,  1  c,  2  b. 

Rock  snake ,  II.  762,  1  c,  2  b  (ill.). 

Rock  snipe,  bird,  XIY.  599,  2  ab. 

Rockville ,  county  seats,  XI.  786,  1  c;  XIII. 
109,  2  b. 

Rockwall,  county,  XIV.  371.  Capital,  1  b. 

“ Rocky  Aulisf  promontory,  IY.  228,  1  a. 

Rocky  Comfort ,  county  seat,  X.  532,  1  c. 

Rocky  Hill,  county  seat,  X.  488,  1  b. 

Rocky  Mount ,  county  seat,  YII.  433,  1  c. 

Rocky  mountain  agates ,  I.  178,  2  b. 

Rocky  mountain  bramble,  XIY.  209,  2  be. 

Rocky  Mountain  Locust,  XIY.  371.  Descrip¬ 
tion,  2  ab  (ill.).  Red-legged,  2  c  (ill.).  Anal 
characters,  372,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  373, 1  a  (ill.).  Hab¬ 
itat  and  migrations,  372,  1  b.  Deposition  of 
eggs,  373, 1  a  (ill.).  Young  locust,  1  be  (ills.). 
Their  ravages,  2  a.  Effects  on  subsequent 
vegetation,  374,  1  a.  Parasites,  1  ab  (ills.). 
Remedies  against  the  locust,  2  a. 

Rocky  Mountains,  XIY.  374.  Exploring  ex¬ 
peditions,  375,  1.  a.  Origin  and  elevation  of, 
2  a.  Main  chain  and  its  outliers,  2  be.  Black 
Hills  and  Big  Horn  ranges,  2  c.  Yellow¬ 
stone  region,  376,  1  c.  Mountain  regions  and 
parks  of  Colorado,  2  b.  Wahsatch  range, 
377,  2  c.  Cascade,  Coast,  and  Sierra  Nevada 
ranges,  378,  1  be.  General  structure  and 
topography,  379,  2  b.  Valleys  and  plateaus, 
380, 1  a.  Mineral  deposits,  2  a.  Timber  line, 
381,  1  a.  Fossils,  1  c.  Drainage  areas,  2  be. 

Rodentia,  order  of  mammals,  XIY.  382.  Ro¬ 
dent  skull  and  incisor,  1  be  (ill.).  Character¬ 
istics,  2  c. 

Roderio,  Yisigothic  king  of  Spain,  XIY.  383. 

Rodez  [ro-da],  city  of  France,  XIY.  383. 

Rodgers,  John,  American  naval  officer,  XIY. 
383. 

Rodger's  anchor,  I.  466,  1  a. 


650 


RODIGER 


ROLLIN 


Rodiger,  Emil  [ro'-de-gher],  German  oriental¬ 
ist,  XIV.  383. 

Rodman ,  Gen.,  artillery  improvements  of :  see 
Artillery,  I.  790,  2  b,  795, 1  b,  2  c,  ff. ;  Can¬ 
non,  III.  708, 1  c,  ff.,  709, 1  c,  711,  2  a  ;  Gun¬ 
powder,  VIII.  331,  1  ab. 

Rodman  gun ,  I.  795,  2  be  (ill.);  III.  708,  2  c  (ill.). 
Rodman's  gunpowder  gauge ,  VIII.  331,  la  (ill.). 
Rodney,  Ciesar,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XIV.  383.  Caesar  Augustus, 
statesman,  384,  1  be. 

Rodney,  George  Brydges,  baron,  English  ad¬ 
miral,  XIV.  384. 

Rodosto,  castle  of  (town  60  m.  X.  E.  of  Gallip¬ 
oli),  XIV.  191,  2  a. 

Rodrigues ,  Olinde  [ro-dreeg],  French  socialist, 
VI.  595,  2  ab. 

Rodriguez,  Alfonso  [ro-^re'-gaith],  Spanish 
religious  author,  XIV.  385. 

Rodriguez,  Island  of ;  see  Mauritius,  XI. 
293,  1  a. 

Rods  of  Corti ,  in  the  inner  ear,  VIII.  467,  2  a. 
Roe ,  of  fishes,  VII.  239,  1  b. 

Roe :  see  Buck,  III.  385,  1  b,  and  Roebuck. 
RoE,AzelStevens,Americannovelist,  XIV. 385. 
Roe ,  Richard ,  legal  fiction,  VI.  484,  2  a. 
Roe'bling,  John  Augustus,  American  engineer, 
XIV.  385;  III.  274,  1  c,  2  b.  Washington 
A.,  III.  274,  1  c. 

Roebuck,  European  deer,  XIV.  385  (ill.).  Tar¬ 
tarian,  386, 1  a.  American  representatives,  ib. 
Roebuck,  John  Arthur,  English  politician,  XIV. 

386. 

Roemer  [ro'-mer],  (Ole,  1644-1710,  Danish  as¬ 
tronomer  royal),  on  the  velocity  of  light,  X. 
437,  1  b  (ill.). 

Roermond  [roor'-mond],  town  of  the  Nether¬ 
lands,  XIV.  386. 

Roeskilde  :  see  Roskilde. 

Rogation  Days,  XIV.  386 ;  VII.  93,  1  b. 
Rogations ,  established  by  Pope  Leo  III.,  X. 
346,  2  ab. 

Rogenia  (ichthyology),  XVI.  604,  1  b ;  VIII. 
696,  2  b. 

Roger  I.,  count  of  Sicily,  XIV.  386. 

Roger  II.,  king  of  Sicily,  XIV.  386 ;  II.  573,  2  c. 
Roger,  Gustave  Ilippolyte  [ruli-zha],  French 
singer,  XIV.  386. 

Roger ,  Pierre  (Pope  Clement  VI.),  IV.  661,  2  b. 
Roger ,  Pierre  (Pope  Gregory  XI.),  VIII.  244, 2  c. 
Rogers,  Henry,  English  author,  XIV.  387. 

(Born  1806,  died  1877.) 

Rogers,  James  Blythe,  American  chemist,  XIV. 

387.  William  Barton,  physicist,  1  c.  Henry 


Darwin,  geologist,  2  a.  Robert  Empie,  chem¬ 
ist,  2  b. 

Rogers,  John,  English  clergyman  and  martyr, 
XIV.  387. 

Rogers,  John,  American  sculptor,  XIV.  388. 

Rogers,  Randolph,  sculptor,  XIV.  388. 

Rogers ,  Major  (Robert,  about  1730-1800,  com¬ 
mander  of  “Rogers’s  Rangers,”  and  in  the 
revolution  of  the  “  Queen’s  Rangers,”  tory), 
VII.  712,  2  c  (rock  called  Rogers’s  Leap). 

Rogers,  Samuel,  English  poet,  XIV.  388. 

Rogers ,  Thorold :  see  Money,  XI.  736,  1  a. 

Rogers  City,  county  seat,  XIII.  826,  2  a. 

Rogersville,  county  seat,  VIII.  531,  2  a. 

Roget,  Peter  Mark  [ro-zlia/],  English  author, 
XIV.  389. 

Roggeveld  [rog'-geh-felt],  mountains,  S.  Africa, 
III.  743,  2  a. 

Rogue  river ,  Oregon,  XII.  679,  1  ab. 

Rohan ,  Benjamin  de  [ro-ang] :  see  Soubise. 

Rohan ,  Charlotte  de,  princess,  VI.  597,  1  ab. 

Rohan,  Louis  Ren6  Edouard,  prince  de,  French 
cardinal,  XIV.  389. 

Rohan-  Guemene,  prince  Charles  Alain  de  [ro- 
ang-gum-na],  (1764-1836),  prince  of  Bouillon, 
III.  151,  2  a. 

Rolii,  New  Zealand  religious  ceremony,  XII. 
413,  1  a. 

Rohilcund',  country  in  British  India,  XIV.  389. 

Rohillas :  see  Rohilcund. 

Rohlfs,  Gerhard  [roalfs],  German  traveller, 
XIV.  389. 

RohVs  test  for  adulterated  beer,  III.  263,  1  a. 

Roi  des  bouchers  [rwa  da  boo-sha],  IV.  9,  2  c 
(Carnival). 

Rois  faineants  [rwa  fa-na-ang],  VII.  379,  1  c; 
XI.  412,  1  b,  and  305,  1  ab ;  XIII.  278,  1  be. 
See  Clotaire,  IV.  708,  2  b ;  Clovis,  717,  2  b. 

Rokitansky,  Karl,  German  physician,  XIV.  390. 

Ro'land,  paladin,  XIV.  390.  Song  of,  1  c. 

Roland  [ruh-lang],  leader  of  the  Camisards,  III. 
657,  2  b,  c. 

Roland  de  la  Platiere,  Jean  Marie  and  Marie 
or  Man  on  Jeanne  [diih  la  pla-tyair],  French 
revolutionists,  XIV.  390. 

Rolette,  county,  XIV.  391. 

Rolfe  [rolf],  county  seat,  XIII.  631,  2  a. 

Rolfey  John,  husband  of  Pocahontas,  XIII.  631, 
2  be.  Thomas,  her  son,  632,  1  a. 

Rolee,  Robert  Monsey :  see  Cranworth. 

Rolla,  county  seat,  XIII.  386,  1  b. 

Roll-boiling ,  of  wool,  XVI.  719,  2  c. 

Rol'lin,  Charles  [Fr.  rul-lang],  French  historian, 
XIV.  391. 


ROLLIN 


ROME 


651 


Rollin',  Ledru  :  see  Ledru- Rollin. 

Rolling,  resistance  to :  see  Friction,  YII.  491, 1  a. 
Rollo  :  see  Northmen,  XII.  498,  2  be. 

Rom,  Romni,  VIII.  356,  1  c  (Gypsies). 
Romagna  [ro-ma/-nya],  district  of,  XIII.  40,  2  c. 
Romagnosi,  Gian  Domenico  [ro-ma-nyo'-ze], 
Italian  jurist  and  philosopher,  XIV.  391  ; 

XIII.  444,  2  ab. 

Roma'io  :  see  Greece,  Language  and  Litera¬ 
ture  of,  VIII.  208,  2  be,  210,  1  c. 

Roma  la  Chica  [ro'-ma  la  che'-ka],  (Salamanca), 

XIV.  557,  1  c. 

Romana,  Pedro  Caro  y  Sureda,  marquis  de  la 
[ro-ma'-na],  Spanish  soldier,  XIV.  391 ;  II. 
571,  2  c. 

Roman  alum,  I.  304,  2  b. 

Roman  architecture,  I.  658,  2  a. 

Romana  rustica,  language,  IX.  455,  2  b. 

Roman  candles :  see  Pyrotechny,  XIV.  117, 2  b. 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  XIV.  392.  Doc¬ 
trines,  1  b.  Relation  to  civil  affairs,  395, 
2  b.  Discipline,  2  c.  Government,  396,  2  b. 
Religious  orders,  397,  2  c.  History,  398, 1  a. 
Origin  of  the  great  schism,  399,  2  a ;  XVI. 
221,  2  c.  Present  state  of  the  church,  IV. 
543,  2  b ;  in  America,  544,  1  ab. 

Roman  cement,  modern,  V.  184, 1  b.  Ancient : 
see  181,  1  ab. 

Romance'  Languages,  XIV.  400.  First  mon¬ 
ument  of,  IV.  284,  2  c. 

Romance  vulgar  [ro-man'-tha  vool-gar'],  lan¬ 
guage,  XV.  217,  2  be. 

Roman  correctors,  of  the  collection  of  canon 

law,  III.  719,  1  b. 

Roman  empire :  see  Rome,  XIV.  407,  2  b,  ff. 

(map),  and  Western  Empire. 

Roman  empire,  holy,  XIV.  401,  1  b. 

Roman  empire  of  the  East :  see  Byzantine 
Empire. 

Romanesque  architecture,  I.  661,  1  b. 

Romania  :  see  Roumelia. 

Romanic  languages :  see  Romance  Languages. 
Roman  Law:  see  Civil  Law.  Compiled  by 
the  decemvirs,  character  of,  III.  755,  1  b. 
Roman  legion,  I.  742,  lb;  743,  1  a. 

Roman  letters,  substitution  of  for  Gothic  and 
Italic,  I.  387,  1  b. 

Roman  liturgy,  X.  535, 1  a.  In  French  church¬ 
es,  VII.  579,  1  b. 

Roman  military  system,  I.  741,  2  b,  ff. 

Romano,  Giulio  :  see  Giulio  Romano. 
Roman'off  :  see  Russia,  XIV.  491,  1  ab. 
Roman  order,  of  architecture :  see  Composite 
Order. 


“  Roman  question:  ”  see  France,  VII.  393, 1  b. 
Roman  republic,  of  1798,  IX.  451,  1  ab  ;  XIV. 

417,  2  a.  Of  1849,  2  ab  ;  XI.  309,  1  a. 
Romans  (Wallachs),  XVI.  484,  1  a. 

Romans  [ro-mang],  poems  of  the  trou veres,  VII. 
403,  2  a. 

Romans,  Epistle  to  the,  XIV.  400. 

Romans,  King  of  the,  XIV.  401.  See  Richard 
Plantagenet. 

Romansh',  language,  XIV.  401.  Referred  to, 
V.  33,  1  b ;  VI.  597,  1  a.  . 

Romantique  [ro-mang-teek],  (architecture),  I. 
666,  1  a. 

Romantzoff:  see  Rumiantzeff. 

Romanus  I.,  Lecapenus,  Byzantine  emperor,  III. 
516,  1  a;  V.  272,  2  c.  II.,  III.  516,  1  ab. 
III.  (Argyrus),  1  c  (poisoned  by  Zoe).  IV., 
Diogenes,  2  a;  VI.  771,  1  b. 

Roman  year,  commencement  of,  III.  580,  1  a. 
Romas  [ruh-ma],  electrical  kite  invented  by, 
X.  464,  1  c. 

Rome,  city  of  New  York,  XIV.  401. 

Rome,  city  of  Georgia,  XIV.  401. 

Rome,  county  seat,  VI.  547,  2  b. 

Rome,  capital  of  Italy,  XIV.  402.  Rome  and 
its  vicinity  (map),  403.  Ancient  city,  origin 
of,  402,  1  a.  Regal  period,  1  c ;  republican, 
2  b.  Samnite  wars,  404,  2  ab.  War  with 
Pyrrhus,  405,  1  ab.  Punic  wars,  1  b,  ff. 
Conquests  in  Greece  and  the  East,  406,  1  c. 
The  Gracchi,  2  b.  Jugurthine  war,  407,  1  a. 
Social  or  Marsic  war,  1  b.  Marius  and  Sulla, 
ib.  Servile  war,  1  c.  Pompey  and  Julius 
Csesar,  ib.  Empire,  2  be  (map). — Conflagra¬ 
tions  in  Rome,  V.  235,  1  b.  Description  of 
ancient  Rome,  XIV.  409,  1  a.  Seven  hills, 
1  ab  (plan  of,  402).  Divisions,  1  c.  Walls, 
ib.  Bridges,  2  a,  III.  270,  1  c ;  Pons  Sena- 
torius  (or  Palatinus),  2  ab  (ill.).  Streets, 
XIV.  409,  2  b.  Fora,  2  c;  forum  Roma- 
num,  ib.  (see  Forum)  ;  forum  of  Trajan,  410, 

1  a  (ill.,  413).  Campi,  1  b:  see  Campus. 
Houses,  ib.  Public  edifices,  2  a;  palaces, 

2  b;  curiae,  2  be;  basilicas,  411,  1  a;  porti¬ 
coes,  1  b;  prisons,  1  be;  castra,  1  c;  aque¬ 
ducts  :  see  Aqueduct  ;  sewers :  see  Cloacae  ; 

1  aths,  2  a :  see  Bath  ;  theatres,  2  b ;  am¬ 
phitheatres,  2  c:  see  Amphitheatre;  cir¬ 
cuses:  see  Circus;  temples,  412,  1  a,  415, 

2  ab ;  temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus,  412, 
1  a,  410,  2  ab :  see  Capitol  ;  temples  of 
Venus,  411,  1  a,  412,  1  a,  b ;  Pantheon,  1  c: 
see  Pantheon  ;  arches,  ib. ;  of  Titus  and  of 
Constantine.  2  a,  c  (ills.) ;  columns,  obelisks, 


652 


ROME 


ROSAS 


and  mausoleums,  413,  1  a;  column  of  Tra¬ 
jan,  ib.  (ill.). — Modern  Rome,  2  b.  Bridges, 
ib. ;  bridge  and  castle  of  Sant’  Angelo,  415, 

1  be  (ill.).  Walls,  2  c.  Streets,  414,  1  b. 
Quarters  (rioni),  1  c.  Churches,  415,  2  c ; 
St.  Peter’s,  ib.  (ill.,  416)  :  see  Cathedral. 
Palaces,  416,  1  c;  Farnese,  415,  1  a  (ill., 
414).  Squares  (piazzas),  416, 1  c ;  Piazza  del 
Popolo,  414, 1  be  (ill.).  Fountains,  416,  2  be. 
Catacombs  :  see  Catacombs.  Manufactures, 
&c.,  2  c.  History,  417,  1  b. 

Rome ,  king  of:  see  Bonaparte,  III.  48, 1  b. 
Rome  de  Lisle  [ruh-ma  dub  leel],  (Jean  Baptiste 
Louis,  1726— ’90),  mineralogist,  XI.  589,  1  b. 
Rome  Triumphant ,  statue,  III.  756,  2  b. 

Rbmer  (council  house),  of  Frankfort,  VII.  429, 

2  c  (ill.,  430). 

Rom'illy,  Sir  Samuel,  English  jurist,  XIV.  418. 
Ilis  acquaintance  with  Bentham,  II.  535,  2  a. 
John,  baron,  jurist,  XIV.  418,  1  be. 

Romney ,  county  seat,  VIII.  430,  2  b. 

Romney,  George,  English  painter,  XIV.  418. 
Romorantin  [ro-mo-rang-tang],  (town  25  m.  S. 
E.  of  Blois),  edict  of,  against  the  inquisition, 
X.  393,  2  c. 

Romuald ,  St.  (950-1027),  founder  of  the  Ca- 
maldules,  III.  637,  1  c ;  XI.  730,  1  ab. 
Romu'lea ,  site  of,  II.  662,  1  b. 

Rom'ulus,  legendary  founder  of  Rome,  XIV. 
418. 

Romulus  Augustulus:  see  Western  Empire, 
XVI.  565,  2  a. 

Roncesvai/les  [Sp.  roan- thace-va'-ly ace],  ham¬ 
let  of  Spain,  XIV.  419.  Battle  of,  ib. ;  IV. 
290, 1  be:  see  Roland.  Pass  of,  XII.  178,  2  c. 
Roncesvaux  [rong-sa-vo] :  see  Roncesyalles. 
Ronda  [roan'-tfM],  city  of  Spain,  XIV.  419. 
Rondo,  in  music,  XIV.  419. 

Rondout  :  see  Kingston,  X.  Y. 

Ronge,  Johannes  [rung'-eh],  German  priest, 
XIV.  419;  VII.  736,  1  c. 

Ronger ,  Florimond  [roDg-zha] :  see  Herve. 
Ronsard,  Pierre  de  [rong-sar],  French  poet, 
XIV.  419;  VII.  404,  2  a. 

Rood  screen ,  of  a  chancel,  IV.  253,  2  b. 

Roof,  XIV.  420.  Covering,  1  a.  Forms  and 
construction,  1  c.  Framing,  421,  1  a  (ills.). 
Rook,  bird,  XIV.  422  (ill.).  Rookeries,  1  be. 
Rooke,  Sir  George,  admiral,  XIV.  422. 
Rookery ,  XIV.  422,  1  be  (Rook).  Of  seals, 
734,  1  c. 

“  Rookery'1'1  of  St.  Giles's,  London,  X.  594,  1  b. 
Rooks,  county,  XIV.  422. 

Rookum  Alum ,  tomb  of,  XI.  798,  2  b  (ill.). 


Root,  in  botany :  see  Plant,  XIII.  576,  1  c. 

Root  hairs,  ib.  Internal  structure,  580,  1  c. 
Root,  in  mathematics,  XIV.  422. 

Root ,  of  a  word,  X.  148,  2  b ;  150,  1  b. 
Root-and-branch  men,  referred  to,  V.  501,  1  b. 
Roothaan  [ro'-tan],  (Johannes  van,  1785-1853), 
general  of  the  Jesuits,  IX.  635, 1  a;  632,  1  c. 
Rootlets,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  576,  2  ab. 

Rootstock,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  577,  2  ab. 

Rope,  XIV.  423.  Rope  making,  2  c.  Quality 
of  rope,  425,  2  c.  Strength  of  rope,  426, 

1  b.  Hide  rope,  2  a.  Wire  rope,  ib.  (ills.). 
Roqueplan,  Joseph  fitienne  Camille  [ruk- 

plang],  French  painter,  XIV.  427. 

Roraima ,  Mt.  [ro-rl'-ma],  Guiana,  VIII.  301, 1  a. 
Rorio  Figures,  XIV.  427. 

Rorqual,  a  kind  of  whale,  XIV.  429  (ill.). 
Rosa  (botany),  XIV.  433,  1  c.  R.  alba,  435, 

2  a;  Banksise,  1  b;  blanda,  433,  2  be;  brac- 
teata,  434,  2  a,  VIII.  604,  2  be  ;  canina,  XIV. 
434,  1  b,  437,  2  a ;  Carolina,  433,  2  b ;  cen- 
tifolia,  435,  2  a,  437,  2  a ;  cinnamomea,  435, 
2  a;  Damascena,  ib. ;  eglanteria,  1  c ;  Gallica, 
2  a,  437,  1  c;  Indica,  435,  2  c,  436,  1  ab,  c; 
laevigata,  434,  1  be ;  lucida,  433,  2  b ;  mi- 
crantha,  VI.  452,  2  a ;  moschata,  XIV.  435, 

1  a,  436,  1  be ;  multiflora,  435,  1  ab ;  pim- 
pinellifolia,  1  be ;  rubiginosa,  434,  1  a  (ilk), 
VI.  452,  1  be  (ill.) ;  sempervirens,  XIV.  434, 

2  c ;  setigera,  ib.,  433,  2  c ;  sulphurea,  435, 1  c. 
Rosa,  nom  de  plume:  see  Vertner. 

Rosa,  Euphrosyne  Parepa  [pa-rep'-a  ro'-za], 
English  singer,  XIV.  430. 

Rosa,  Francisco  Martinez  de  la :  see  Martinez 
de  la  Rosa. 

Rosa,  Monte,  mountain  group,  Alps,  XIV.  431. 
Rosa,  Saint,  XIV.  431. 

Rosa,  Salvator,  Italian  painter,  XIV.  431 ;  XIL 
800,  1  b. 

Rosa'cece  (botany),  XIV.  433,  1  be. 

Rosalia,  Santa  (died  1160),  festival  of,  XIL 
821,  1  be.  Cave  of,  2  a. 

Rosa  Maria  (rose  of  Jericho),  XIV.  440,  2  b. 
Rosamond,  Lombard  queen :  see  Alboin,  I. 
254,  1  c. 

Rosamond  (Fair  Rosamond),  XIV.  431. 

Rosa  mystica  (Virgin  Mary),  XIV.  432,  1  b. 
Rosaniline  [ro-zan'-e-lin],  color,  VI.  343,  1  a; 
VIII.  756,  2  b. 

Rosario  [ro-sa'-re-o],  city  of  the  Argentine  Re¬ 
public,  XIV.  431. 

Rosary,  form  of  prayer,  &c.,  XIV.  432. 

Rosas,  Juan  Manuel  de  [ro'-sass] :  see  Argen¬ 
tine  Republic,  I.  693,  2  ab. 


ROSCELLINUS 


ROSS 


053 


Ro8cellinus  (Jean  Roscelin,  French  theologian 
and  philosopher),  referred  to,  XIII.  439,  2  b. 

Rosciier,  Wilhelm  [ro'-sher],  German  econo¬ 
mist,  XIV.  432. 

Roscianum  :  see  Rossano. 

Roscius,  Quintus,  Roman  actor,  XIV.  432. 

Roscoe,  William,  English  historian,  XIV.  432. 
Robert,  writer,  2  b.  Thomas,  ib.  Henry,  2  be. 
Henry  Enfield,  chemist,  2  c. 

Roscommon,  county  of  Michigan,  XIV.  433. 

Roscommon,  county  of  Ireland,  XIV.  433. 

Roscommon,  Wentworth  Dillon,  earl  of,  Eng¬ 
lish  poet,  XIV.  433. 

Rose,  plant,  XIV.  433.  American  species,  2  b  ; 
exotic,  2  c  (ill.,  434,  sweetbrier  rose).  Va¬ 
rieties,  434,  2  ab  ;  conversion  of  stamens  into 
petals,  2  b  (ill.).  Climbing  roses,  2  c.  Gar¬ 
den  roses,  435,  1  b.  Roses  blooming  more 
than  once  in  the  season,  2  be.  Roses  which 
bloom  all  the  year,  436,  1  ab.  Noisette  roses, 
1  b  (ill.) ;  tea  roses,  1  c.  Propagation  and 
cultivation,  2  b.  Uses,  437,  1  c.  Macartney 
rose,  434,  2  a;  VIII.  604,  2  be. 

Rose ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  be.  (See  plate.) 

Rose ,  disease :  see  Erysipelas. 

Rose ,  houses  of  the  white  and  red  :  see  York, 
Duke  of. 

Rose,  Heinrich  [ro'-zeh],  German  chemist,  XIV. 
437.  Gustav,  mineralogist,  2  be ;  his  sys¬ 
tem,  XI.  590,  2  a. 

Rose,  Hugh  James,  English  author,  XIV.  437. 
Henry  John,  author,  438,  1  a. 

Rose ,  St.,  of  Lima :  see  Rosa,  Saint. 

Rose  acacia ,  tree,  X.  572,  2  h. 

Rose  Bay  :  see  Rhododendron,  XIV.  300, 1  a. 

Rose  Bug,  XIV.  438  (ill.). 

Roseburg ,  county  seat,  VI.  222,  2  a. 

Rose  campion,  plant,  X.  741,  2  b. 

Rose  cold :  see  Hay  Cold. 

Rosecrans,  William  Starke  [ro'-ze-krance], 
American  soldier,  XIV.  438. 

Rose  fish  (Norway  haddock),  VIII.  368,  1  b. 

Rose  Hill  cemetery ,  Macon,  Ga.,  X.  804,  1  a. 

Rose-leaf  cutter ,  bee,  II.  459,  1  be  (ill.). 

Rosellini,  Ippolito  [ro-zel-le'-ne],  Italian  Egyp¬ 
tologist,  XIV.  439. 

Rose  mallow :  see  Hibiscus. 

Rosemary,  plant,  XIV.  439  (ill.). 

Rosen,  Friedrich  August,  German  orientalist, 
XIV.  439. 

Rosenkranz,  Johann  Karl  Friedrich  [ro'-zen- 
krants],  philosopher,  XIV.  439. 

Rosenkreuz,  Christian  [-kroits] :  see  Rosicru- 
cians,  XIV.  441,  1  c. 


Rosenmuller,  Johann  Georg,  theologian,  XIV. 

440.  Ernst  Friedrich  Karl,  1  b. 

Rose  of  China,  VIII.  714,  1  c  (Hibiscus). 
Rose-of -heaven ,  plant,  X.  741,  2  ab. 

Rose  op  Jericho,  plant,  XIV.  440  (ill.). 

Rose  of  Lima ,  St. :  see  Rosa,  Saint. 

Rose  of  Sharon  :  see  Hibiscus,  VIII.  714,  1  a, 
and  I.  361,  2  c. 

Rose  papules,  in  typhoid  fever,  VII.  168,  1  be. 
Rose-root ,  plant,  XIV.  751,  2  c. 

Roses ,  war  of  the ,  VI.  610, 1  ab ;  VIII.  647, 1  a ; 
XVI.  789,  2  a. 

Rose-tangle ,  species  of  algae,  I.  299,  2  b. 
Rosetta,  town  of  Egypt,  XIV.  440.  Rosetta 
stone,  2  c;  VI.  474,  2  b;  VIII.  423,  2  c; 
XVI.  796,  2  b. 

Rosettes ,  in  turning,  XVI.  74,  1  a,  2  a. 

Rose  water ,  preparation  of,  XIV.  437,  2  a. 

Rose  window,  in  Gothic  architecture,  !.  662,  2  a; 

663,  2  c ;  664,  2  a. 

Rosewood,  XIV.  441.  Oil  of,  1  b. 

Rosh,  earliest  trace  of  the  Russian  name,  IX. 
567,  1  a. 

Rosicrucians,  secret  society,  XIV.  441. 

Rosin,  XIV.  441.  Rosin  oil,  442,  1  b. 

Rosini,  Giovanni  [ro-ze'-ne],  Italian  author, 
XIV.  442. 

Rosin  Weed  :  see  Silphium,  XV.  46,  1  c  (iih). 
Roskilde  [ros'-kil-deh],  town  of  Denmark, 
XIV.  442. 

Roskolniks :  see  Raskolniks. 

Roslyn ,  Long  Lsland ,  seat  of  W.  C.  Bryant  at, 
III.  372,  1  c.  Black  walnut  tree  at,  XVI. 
439,  2  c  (ill.,  440). 

Rosmari'nus  (botany),  XIV.  439,  1  be.  R.  offi¬ 
cinalis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Rosmini  Serbati,  Antonio  [ros-me'-ne  sair- 
ba'-te],  Italian  philosopher,  XIV.  442.  See 
Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  815,  1  a;  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  444,  2  be. 

Rosny ,  baron  de  [ro-ne] :  see  Sully,  duke  of. 
Rosny,  L6on  de,  French  orientalist,  XIV.  442. 
Rosoglio  [ro-zo'-lyo],  liqueur,  X.  320,  1  c  ;  XVI. 
806,  2  c. 

Rospigliosi ,  Giulio  [ros-pe-lyo'-ze],  (Pope  Clem¬ 
ent  IX.),  IV.  663,  1  ab. 

Ross,  county,  XIV.  442. 

Ross,  county  of  Scotland  :  see  Ross  and  Crom¬ 
arty. 

Ross,  Alexander  Milton,  Canadian  naturalist, 
XIV.  442. 

Ross,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XIV.  443. 

Ross,  Sir  John,  British  navigator,  XIV.  443 ; 


654 


ROSS 


ROUND 


I.  670,  1  a,  672,  1  b,  673,  1  b ;  III.  86,  1  be, 
87,  1  be.  Sir  James  Clark,  navigator,  XI Y. 
443,  1  c ;  I.  543,  2  a,  672,  1  b. 

Ross,  John,  Cherokee  chief,  XIV.  443. 

Ross,  Sir  William  Charles,  English  painter, 
XIY.  443. 

Ross  castle ,  Ireland,  IX.  832,  2  a  (ill.). 

Ross  and  Ceom'aety,  two  counties  of  Scot¬ 
land,  XIV.  443. 

Rossano  [ros-sa'-no],  town  of  Italy,  XIY.  444. 
Rossbach  [russ'-bakh],  village  of  Prussia,  and 
battle,  XIY.  444. 

Rosse,  William  Parsons,  earl  of,  astronomer, 
XIV. 444.  Rosse  telescope,  1  c;  XV.  629, 1  ab. 
Rossel,  Louis  Nathaniel,  French  soldier,  XIV. 

444;  V.  166,  1  b,  2  be,  167,  1  a. 

Rossetti,  Gabriele,  Italian  poet,  XIV.  444. 
Dante  Gabriel,  English  artist,  2  c.  Christina 
Gabriella,  poetess,  445,  1  a. 

.Rossi ,  Countess :  see  Sontag. 

Rossi,  Giovanni  Battista  de’,  Italian  archseolo- 
gist,  XIV.  445. 

Rossi,  Pellegrino,  count,  statesman,  XIV.  445  ; 

XIII.  561,  1  c,  563,  1  c,  564,  1  b. 

Rossini,  Gioacchino  [ros-se'-ne],  composer, 

XIV.  445  ;  XII.  92,  2  a. 

Rosslyn ,  earl  of:  see  Weddeebuen. 

Rosso antico  [an-te'-ko],  porphyry, XIII.  71 9, lb. 
Rosstrappe  [russ'-trap-peh],  mountain,  Hartz, 
VIII.  492,  2  c ;  493,  2  c. 

Rostan,  Louis  Leon  [rus-tang],  French  surgeon, 
XIV.  446. 

Rostock,  town  of  Germany,  XIV.  446. 
Rostoptchin',  Fedor,  count,  Russian  soldier, 
XIV.  446  ;  XI.  862,  1  b. 

Rostra  Julii :  see  Rome,  XIV.  412,  1  be. 
Rostrhamus  (ornithology),  X.  20,  2  a.  R.  so- 
ciabilis,  ib. 

Rosiceyd ,  Heribert  [ros'-vide],  (1569-1629),  III. 
16,  2  be. 

Rot ,  the ,  in  sheep  :  see  Entozoa,  VI.  667,  2  be. 
Antidote,  671,  1  a. 

Rota,  civil  court  in  Rome,  V.  265,  1  a. 

Rota ,  the ,  political  club,  VIII.  476,  2  c. 

Rotalia  globulosa  (ill.),  VII.  311,  2  a  (Foea- 
minifeea).  R.  Boucana  (ill.),  ib. 

Rotary  round  machine ,  knitting,  XV.  391, 1  be. 
Rotating  table ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  424,  2  a. 
Rotennu,  early  race,  XI.  415,  2  a. 

Rotgut ,  slang  word,  I.  134,  1  a. 

Roth,  Rudolf  [rote],  German  orientalist,  XIV. 
447. 

RoraE,  Richard  [ro'-teh],  German  theologian, 
XIV.  447 ;  XI.  807,  2  c. 


RoTnEP.MEL,  Peter  F.  [ro£A'-er-mel],  American 
painter,  XIV.  447. 

Rothesay  [roth'-sa],  town  of  Scotland,  XIV. 
447.  Duke  of  (title),  2  a. 

Rothmann  [rote'-man],  (Bernhard),  Anabap¬ 
tist  preacher,  I.  449,  2  c,  450,  2  ab. 

Roths'child,  Mayer  Anselm  [Ger.  rote'-shilt], 
banker,  XIV.  447.  Family,  2  b.  Lionel 
Nathan,  baron,  ib. 

Rotif'eea:  see  Animalcules,  I.  514,  2  c,  517, 
1  b ;  VI.  663,  2  ab. 

Rotifers :  see  Rotifeka  (Index). 

Rotom'agus :  see  Rouen. 

Rotomahana  [ro-to-ma-lia'-na],  hot  lake  of 
New  Zealand,  VII.  784,  2  c. 

Rotonde  [ro-tongd],  of  a  diligence,  IV.  724,  1  a. 

RoTTECK,Karl  von,  German  historian,  XIV.447. 

Rotten  Roic ,  Hyde  park,  XIII.  102,  2  c ;  X. 
596,  2  c. 

Rotteedam,  city  of  the  Netherlands,  XIV.  448. 

“  Rot  heap ,”  of  thorn  seeds,  XV.  723,  1  a. 

Rouaeie,  Armand  Taffin,  marquis  de  la  [la  roo- 
a-re],  French  soldier,  XIV.  448. 

Roubaix  [roo-ba],  town  of  France,  XIV.  448. 
“  Roubaix  articles,”  2  b. 

Roubiliac,  Louis  Fran<?ois[roo-be-le-ak],  French 
sculptor,  XIV.  448. 

Rouen  [rwang],  city  of  France,  XIV.  448. 

Rouge [roozh],  cosmetic, XIV.  449.  Pigment,  1  c. 

RouGk,  Olivier  Charles  Camille  Emmanuel  de, 
viscount  [roo-zha],  Egyptologist,  XIV.  449. 

Rougemont  castle ,  Exeter,  Eng.,  VII.  27,  2  c. 

Rouget  [roo-zha],  disease,  VI.  695,  2  be. 

Rouget,  Georges,  French  painter,  XIV.  449. 

Rouget  de  VIsle  [dull  leel],  (Claude  Joseph, 
1760-1836),  author  of  the  Marseillaise  hymn, 
XI.  194,  1  c. 

Rouge  et  Noie  [roozh  a  nwar],  game  of  chance, 
XIV.  449. 

Rough  and  Ready,  Old,  sobriquet,  XV.  596, 2  be. 

Rough  rein,  of  anthracite,  I.  550,  2  b. 

Rouhee,  Eugene  [roo-a], French  politician, XIV. 
450 ;  III.  53,  1  be. 

Roulette',  game  of  chance,  XIV.  450. 

Roulette,  engraving  instrument,  VI.  653,  1  a. 

Roum  :  see  Seljuks,  XIV.  757,  2  c. 

Roumanese :  see  Romansh. 

Roumania,  state  of  Europe,  XIV.  450 ;  I. 
288,  1  b.  See  Moldavia,  Wallachia,  and 
Wallaciiian  Language  and  Liteeatuee. 

Roumansh :  see  Romansh. 

Roumei.ia,  division  of  Turkey,  XIV.  452. 

Bounce ,  of  a  printing  press,  XIII.  852,  1  b. 

Round ,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  74,  1  be. 


ROUND 


RUBRIC 


655 


Round ,  the ,  in  sculpture,  XIV.  715,  1  c. 

Round  Hill  school ,  Northampton,  V.  19,  2  ab. 

Round  ligament ,  of  a  joint,  I.  784,  1  c. 

Round  0  of  Arbroath,  I.  638,  2  c. 

Round  table ,  legendary :  see  Arthur,  king,  and 
XVI.  655,  2  c.  Knights  of  the,  I.  781,  1  be. 

Round  topgallant  crow's  nest ,  observatory  in  a 
ship,  invention  of,  XIV.  696,  1  be. 

Roundle ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672, 2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Round  Worms  ;  see  Entozoa,  VI.  668,  1  ab, 
and  I.  804,  1  a. 

Rous ,  Francis  (1579-1659,  English  republican 
member  of  parliament),  his  version  of  the 
Psalms,  XIII.  811,  1  a. 

Rouse’s  Point,  village  of  New  York,  XIV.  452. 

Rousseau,  Jean  Baptiste  [roo-so],  French  poet, 
XIV.  452. 

Rousseau,  Jean  Jacques,  author,  XIV.  452  ; 
VII.  406,  1  ab.  His  intimacy  with  Mine. 
d’Houdetot,  IX.  10,  1  a.  Quarrel  with 
Hume,  48,  1  c ;  XIV.  453,  2  c.  His  Her¬ 
mitage,  2  a;  XI.  791,  1  b. 

Rousseau ,  Brig.  Gen.  Lovell  H.  (Harrison;  1818- 
’69,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  lawyer  and  state  leg¬ 
islator,  general  in  the  civil  war,  and  M.  C. 
1865-’7) :  see  Alaska,  I.  243,  1  a. 

Rousseau.  Philippe,  French  painter,  XIV.  454. 

Rousseau,  Theodore,  painter,  XIV.  454. 

Rousset,  Camille  Felix  Michel  [roo-sa],  histo¬ 
rian,  XIV.  454. 

Roussillon  [roos-se-yong],  district  of  France, 
XIV.  454.  Edict  of,  X.  394,  1  a.  Wines  of, 
VII.  411,  2  b. 

Roussy,  Girodet  de  :  see  Girodet-Trioson. 

Rouvet ,  Jean  [roo-va],  IV.  629,  2  c. 

Rouville  [roo-veel'J,  county,  XIV.  454. 

Rover e,  Francesco  d'Albescola  della  [ro-va'-ra] 
(Pope  Sixtus  IV.),  XV.  73,  2  ab. 

Rover  e,  Giuliano  della  (Pope  Julius  II.),  IX. 
711,  2  b. 

Rovigo  fro-ve'-gol,  province  of  Italy,  XIV. 
454.  Capital,  2  b. 

Rovigo,  Duke  of :  see  Savary. 

Roving ,  in  cotton  spinning,  V.  411,  2  c. 

Roving ,  for  fish,  I.  498,  2  a. 

Rowan  [ro-an'J,  two  counties,  XIV.  454. 

Rowan  tree  [ro'-an],  I.  806,  2  c. 

Rowe,  Elizabeth,  English  authoress,  XIV.  455. 

Rowe,  Nicholas,  dramatist,  XIV.  455. 

Rowena ,  Saxon  princess,  VIII.  636,  1  be. 

Rowing,  XIV.  455.  In  England,  1  c.  In 
America,  456,  1  b.  On  the  European  con¬ 
tinent,  458,  1  a.  Training,  1  a ;  method 
of,  2  a.  Boats,  2  b  (ills.). 


Rowlett's  tables ,  XVI.  231,  2  a  (Usury). 
Rowley,  William,  English  dramatist,  XIV.  459. 
Rowley  poems :  see  Ciiatterton,  IV.  340,  2  a. 
Roxana ,  wife  of  Alexander' the  Great,  I.  278, 

1  be,  2  c.  Imprisoned  by  Cassander,  IV. 
61,  1  a;  murdered  by  his  order,  1  b. 

Roxborough ,  county  seat,  XIII.  329,  2  c. 
Roxburghshire  [rox'-bur-ruh-sher],  county  of 
Scotland,  XIV.  459. 

Roxbury,  former  city,  Massachusetts,  XIV.  459. 
Roxolani  :  see  Sarmatia,  XIV.  634,  1  a,  and 
Russia,  488,  2  ab. 

Roy ,  pseudonyme,  XVI.  644,  1  b. 

Roy,  William,  British  surveyor,  XIV.  459. 
Royal  academy  of  arts,  London,  X.  606,  1  ab. 

“  Royal  African  Company  of  England ,”  VIII. 
88,  1  c. 

Royal  Albert  ball,  London,  X.  605,  2  a. 

“  Royal  Black  Knights  of  the  Camp  of  Israel" 
(Orangemen),  XII.  667,  1  ab. 

“  Royal  chair  of  Upsal sovereignty  so  called, 
VI.  709, 1  b. 

Royal  exchange ,  London,  VII.  21,  1  ab ;  X. 
615,  2  a  (ill.). 

Royal  Fern  :  see  Osmunda. 

Royal  institution  of  Great  Britain,  X.  605,  1  a. 
Royal  society,  London,  X.  604,  2  c.  Origin  of, 
III.  173,  2  b. 

Roye,  James,  president  of  Liberia,  X.  399,  2  b. 
Royer-Collard,  Pierre  Paul  [rwa-ya-kul-lar], 
French  statesman  and  philosopher,  XIV. 
459.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  444,  1  b. 
Ruatan’,  island,  III.  24,  1  ab. 

Rubber,  hard ,  III.  737,  1  c;  740,  1  a. 

Ru'bellite ,  mineral,  XV.  823,  1  b. 

Ruben,  Christoph  [roo'-ben],  German  painter, 
XIV.  459. 

Rubens,  Peter  Paul,  Flemish  painter,  XIV.  460. 
Rubezahl  [ru'-beh-tsal],  fairy,  VII.  65,  1  c. 
Rubia  (botany),  I.  321,  1  a.  R.  tinctorum,  lb., 
X.  815,  2  b ;  munjista  (cordifolia),  XII.  44, 

2  ab ;  peregrina,  I.  321,  1  ab. 

Rubianic  acid,  I.  321,  1  c. 

Ru'bicelle,  mineral,  XV.  271,  2  b. 

Rubicon,  river  of  Italy,  XIV.  461. 

Rubicon  game ,  in  piquet,  XIII.  538,  1  b. 
Rubidium,  metal,  XIV.  461 ;  X.  15,  2  be. 
Rubies,  lord  of  the,  title,  XIV.  626,  2  c. 
Rubini,  Giovanni  Battista  [roo-be'-ne],  Italian 

singer,  XIV.  461. 

Rubinstein,  Anton  [roo'-bin-stine],  Russian 
musician,  XIV.  461. 

Ruble,  Russian  coin,  XIV.  462  ;  486,  2  c. 
Rubric,  origin  of  the  term,  IX.  282,  2  b ;  XI. 


656 


EUBUS 


BUNKERS 


599,  1  a.  In  the  Episcopal  prayer  book,  ex¬ 
amples  of  its  use,  Y.  155,  1  c,  156,  1  b,  2  b. 

Rubus  (botany),  III.  207,  1  c.  R.  fruticosus, 
ib. ;  csesius,  2  a  (ill.) ;  arcticus,  ib. ;  Idseus, 
ib.,  XIV.  210,  2  a  (ill.);  strigosns,  III.  207, 

2  a  ;  occidentalis,  2  ab,  XIY.  210, 1  b  ;  odo- 
ratus,  209,  2  b,  III.  207,  2  b ;  villosus,  2  b 
(ill.,  208)  ;  Canadensis,  2  c ;  trivialis,  208, 

1  a;  Nutkanus,  XIY.  209,  2  be;  deliciosus, 

2  c;  chammmorus,  ib. 

Ruby  :  see  Sapphlre,  XIY.  626,  1  b,  2  ab. 

Ruby,  spinelle ,  artificial  gem,  YII.  665,  1  b. 

Eucervus  (zoology),  Y.  757,  1  c,  2  ab.  R. 
Duvaucellii,  2  b. 

Ruckert,  Friedrich,  German  poet,  XIY.  462. 

Rudbeck ,  Olaus  [rood'-bek],  (1630-1702,  pro¬ 
fessor  at  Upsal),  claim  to  the  discovery  of 
the  lymphatic  system  of  vessels,  II.  347,  1  b. 

Rudder ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  2  b. 

Rudder  Fisn,  XIY.  462  (ill.). 

Ruddy  goose ,  XIY.  843,  2  b. 

Rudiger  [ru'-de-gher],  legendary,  XII.  420,  1  a. 

Rudolph  I.,  of  Hapsburg,  emperor  of  Germany, 
XIY.  463. 

RuDOLPn  II.,  emperor  of  Germany,  XIY.  463. 

Rudolph  of  Swabia:  see  Henry  IV.,  VIII.  658, 
2  c,  ff. 

Rudolphi  (Karl  Asmund,  1771-1832,  professor 
in  Konigsberg  and  Berlin),  father  of  helmin¬ 
thology  ( Entozoorum  Historia  naturalis , 
1808-G0),  referred  to,  YI.  663,  2  b. 

Rudolphine  tables ,  astronomical,  IX.  807,  1  be  ; 
808,  1  c,  2  a. 

Rudolstadt  :  see  Sohwarzburg-Rudolstadt. 

Rudra  [roo'-dra],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224, 
1  b,  be.  Rudras,  1  b. 

Rue,  plant,  XIY.  463.  Common  (garden)  rne, 
464,  2  b  (ill.).  Meadow  rue,  2  a. 

Rueda ,  Lope  de  [roo-a'-£M],  (died  1567),  Span¬ 
ish  dramatist,  XY.  221,  1  b. 

Rufais ,  howling  dervishes,  YI.  33,  1  c. 

Ruff,  bird,  XIY.  464  (ill.). 

Ruffed  Grouse  :  see  Grouse,  YIII.  271,  2  c. 

Ruffini,  Giovanni  [roof-fe'-ne],  Italian  novel¬ 
ist,  XIY.  465. 

Buffo ,  Cardinal  [roof-fo],  (Fabrice  Dionigi, 
1744-1827),  leader  of  the  Neapolitan  royal¬ 
ists,  XH.  220,  2  be. 

Rufinella,  villa,  YII.  443,  2  a. 

Rufi'nus  :  see  Stilicho. 

Rvfnus  (Tyrannius,  died  410),  theologian,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  IX.  607,  2  ab,  608,  1  c ;  XII.  692,  2  c. 

Rufinus ,  P.  Cornelius ,  senator,  YII.  53,  1  a. 

Rufus  castle ,  isle  of  Portland,  XIII.  730,  1  c. 


Rugby,  town  of  England,  XIY.  465.  Rugby 
grammar  school,  ib. 

Ruge,  Arnold  [roo'-geh],  German  author,  XIY. 
465. 

Rugen  [rii'-ghen],  island  of  Prussia,  XIY.  465. 
Rugians :  see  Rugen,  XIV.  465,  2  b. 

Rukopis  Kralodvorsky ,  Bohemian  poems,  X.  41, 

1  be. 

Rule ,  in  printing,  XIII.  847,  2  c. 

Ruling  engine ,  Rutherfurd's :  see  Spectrum, 
XY.  243,  1  a  (ill.). 

Rum,  distilled  spirit,  XIY.  465. 

Rumbold  (Col.  Richard,  owner  of  the  Rye 
House,  executed  1685),  referred  to,  XIY. 
476,  2  a. 

Rumelia  :  see  Roumelia. 

Rumen ,  stomach  of  ruminants,  XIV.  467,  2  c. 
Rumex  (botany),  XY.  171, 1  c.  R.  acetosa,  ib. 

(ill.).  R.  acetosella,  2  c  (ill.). 

Rumford,  Benjamin  Thompson,  count,  Ameri¬ 
can  natural  philosopher,  XIY.  466.  Rum- 
ford  professorship  in  Harvard  college,  2  c. 
Theory  of  heat,  YIII.  568,  1  a.  Experi¬ 
ments  on  the  nature  of  heat,  Y.  378,  1  a  ;  in 
regard  to  friction,  YII.  491,  2  be. 
Rumiantzeff,  Petr,  count  [roo-myan-tsef], 
Russian  general,  XIY.  467. 

Rumili  [room-e-le'J :  see  Rottmelia. 

Rum-Ili  Eissar',  castle,  III.  113,  1  b. 
Rumihuasi  [roo-me-wa'-se],  post  hut  of,  I.  478, 

2  b  (Andes). 

Ruminantia,  group  of  mammals,  XIY.  467. 

Stomach  of,  2  c  (ill.,  468) ;  Y.  182,  2  a. 
Ruminants  :  see  Ruminantia  (Index). 
Rumpling ,  in  wire  drawing,  XYI.  676,  2  a. 
Rumsey,  James  [rum'-ze],  American  inventor, 
XIY.  469. 

“  Runaway  pond ,”  Vermont,  XYI.  312,  2  c. 
Runeberg ,  Johan  Ludvig  [roo'-neh-bairg],  Swe¬ 
dish  poet,  XY.  515,  1  be.  (Died  1877.) 
Runes,  ancient  graphic  system,  XIY.  469  (ill.)  ; 

IX.  154,  2  a;  I.  501,  2  c. 

Range  [roong'-eh],  (Friedrich  Ferdinand,  1795 — 
1867,  professor  in  Breslau),  discoverer  of 
carbolic  acid,  III.  768,  1  b,  c,  2  ab. 
Rungpoor' ,  Northeast :  see  Goalpara. 
Runjeet'  Singh,  sovereign  of  the  Sikhs,  XIV. 
469. 

Runn  of  Cutch:  see  Cutch,  Y.  594,  1  c,  2  a. 
Runnels,  county,  XIY.  470. 

Runnemede :  see  Runnymede. 

Runner ,  millstone,  XI.  558,  1  a. 

Runner ,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  577,  1  be. 

Runners,  insects  :  see  Ortiioptera. 


RUNNIMEDE 


Runnimcde :  see  Runnymede. 

Running  amuck :  see  Amuck. 

Run'nymede,  place  of  the  signing  of  Magna 
Charta,  XIV.  470. 

Run-stafas  [roon'-sta-fas] :  see  Runes,  XIV. 

469,  2  a. 

Ruona  JLeid,‘  Lappish  deity,  X.  164,  2  b. 
Rupee',  Hindoo  coin,  V.  31,2  b;  IX.  205,  2  ab. 
Rupert,  Prince,  English  royalist  general,  XIV. 

470.  Inventions  attributed  to  him,  2  c.  His 
management  of  cavalry,  IV.  145,  1  b. 

Rupertsberg  [roo'-perts-bairg],  II.  645,  1  a. 
Rupert’s  Drops  :  see  Annealing,  I.  532,  1  b. 
Rupert’s  Land  :  see  Northwest  Territories, 
XII.  503,  2  c. 

Ruphia,  river  ;  see  Alpheus. 

Rupic'ola  (ornithology),  XI.  88,  1  b.  R.  cro- 
cea,  1  c  (ill.).  R.  Peruviana,  2  a. 

Ruppell,  Wilhelm  Peter  Eduard  Simon,  Ger¬ 
man  traveller,  XIV.  470. 

Rupture  :  see  Hernia. 

Rupture  (of  a  solid  body),  coefficient  of,  VI. 
490,  1  b. 

Ruremonde  [rur-mongd] :  see  Roermond. 

Rurik  :  see  Russia,  XIV.  488,  2  c. 

Rus :  see  Russia,  XIV.488,  2  c,and  IX.  567, 1  a. 
Rusa  (zoology),  V.  757,  1  c,  2  b.  R.  Aristo- 
telis,  2  be ;  equinus,  2  c ;  hippelaphus,  ib. 
Ruschenberger,  William  S.  W.  [roo'-shen-ber- 
gher],  American  naturalist,  XIV.  471. 

Rusn,  in  botany,  XIV.  471.  Sea  and  sharp 
rush,  2  a.  Common  or  soft,  ib.  (ill.).  Black 
grass,  2  ab.  Rush  lights,  2  c.  Bulrush,  ib. : 
see  Bulrush.  Scouring  rushes,  472,  1  a. 
Rush,  two  counties,  XIV.  472. 

Rush,  Benjamin,  American  physician,  XIV. 

472;  XVI.  191,  2  b.  Richard,  statesman,  2  ab. 
Rushville,  county  seats,  XIV.  472, 1  a ;  688, 1  be. 
Rushworth,  John,  English  compiler,  XIV.  473. 
Rusichnites  [ru'-sik-nites],  fossil  footprints,  VII. 
342,  2  b. 

Rusk,  two  counties,  XIV.  473. 

RusJc,  county  seat,  IV.  37*7,  2  c. 

Ruskin,  John,  English  author,  XIV.  473 ;  I. 
154,  1  b. 

Rusniaks :  see  Ruthenians. 

Rusoph'ycus,  fossil  impression,  VII.  342,  2  b. 
Russ,  John  Denison,  American  physician,  XIV. 

474. 

Russell,  four  counties,  XIV.  474. 

Russell,  county  of  Canada,  XIV.  474. 

Russell,  county  seat,  XIV.  474,  2  c. 

Russell,  Benjamin,  American  journalist,  XIV. 

475. 


RttSTOW  057 

Russell,  John,  earl,  English  statesman,  XIV. 
475.  (Died  1878.) 

Russell,  John  Scott,  British  engineer,  XIV. 

475  ;  858,  2  b,  ffi,  859,  2  b. 

Russell,  William,  lord,  English  statesman, 
XIV.  476;  II.  449,  1  b. 

Russell,  William,  Scottish  historian,  XIV.  477. 
Russell,  William  Howard,  British  journalist, 
XIV.  477. 

Russellville,  county  seats,  VII.  433,  2  c ;  X. 
574,  2  c. 

Russia,  empire,  XIV.  477.  (Map.)  Hydrog¬ 
raphy,  2  be.  Topography,  478,  1  be.  Ge¬ 
ology,  2  a.  Soil,  2  b.  Climate,  2  be.  Di¬ 
visions,  area,  and  population,  479, 1  a.  Agri¬ 
culture,  480, 1  be.  Animals,  2  b.  Minerals, 
481,  1  a.  Manufactures,  1  be.  Commerce, 
2  b.  Intercommunication,  482,  1  b.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  2  a.  Inhabitants,  483,  1  b.  Re¬ 
ligion,  484,  2  a ;  sects,  485,  1  b.  Education, 
2  c.  Penalties  and  criminal  statistics,  486, 
2  b.  Money,  measures,  &c.,  2  c.  Finances, 

487,  1  a.  Army  and  navy,  2  b.  History, 

488,  2  a.  Conquests  in  Asia,  493,  2  be. — 
Friendship  for  the  United  States:  see  Gor- 
tchakoff,  VIII.  11 9,  2  a.  Aversion  to  foreign 
dictation,  ib.  Mediation  between  England 
and  America  (1813)  declined  by  England,! 
I.  101,  1  a.  Improvement  in  internal  ad¬ 
ministration  under  Alexander  II.,  I.  284, 
2  a,  b  ;  hereditary  priesthood  abolished,  2  c. 
Printing  press  first  introduced,  292,  2  a. 

Russia,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XIV.  495. 
Influence  of  Peter  the  Great,  496,  2  c ;  of 
Elizabeth  and  Catharine  II.,  497,  1  b.  In 
the  19th  century,  2  b. 

Russia,  Little:  see  Ukraine. 

Russia  leather,  X.  277,  1  a. 

Russia  matting,  X.  502,  2  a. 

Russian  America  :  see  Alaska. 

Russian- American  fur  company,  I.  242,  2  c. 
Russins :  see  Russia,  XIV.  483,  1  c. 

Rust,  iron,  causes  and  prevention  of,  IX.  365, 
2  b.  Composition  of,  2  c. 

Rust,  vegetable:  see  Mildew,  XI.  535,  1  b; 

Fungi,  VII.  528,  2  a,  531,  1  b,  532,  2  b. 
RusTcnuK  [roos-chook'],  fortified  town  of  Bul¬ 
garia,  XIV.  499. 

Rustics,  letters,  XI.  134,  1  a. 

Rustige,  Heinrich  von  [roos'-te-g&h],  German, 
painter,  XIV.  499. 

Rustow,  Wilhelm  [rus'-to],  German  military 
writer,  XIV.  500.  Alexander  and  Ciisar, 
Prussian  officers,  1  b. 


42 


658 


RUSTRE 


SABELLIANISM 


Rustre,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 
Rusty  grakle ,  bird,  II.  676,  1  b. 

Ruta  (botany),  XIV.  463,  2  c.  R.  graveolens, 
ib.  (ill.,  464). 

Ruta  Baga  :  see  Turnip,  XVI.  75,  1  c  ;  Beet, 
II.  471,  1  c. 

Ruta'cece  (botany),  XIV.  464,  1  a. 

Rutgers ,  Col.  Henry  [rut'-gherz],  (1746-1830, 
regent  of  New  York  state  university  1802- 
’26),  referred  to,  XIV.  500,  1  c. 

Rutgep.s  College,  XIV.  500;  XII.  309,  2  c. 
Rutu,  Book  of,  XIV.  500. 

Ruthenians,  branch  of  the  Slavs,  XIV.  501. 

See  Galicia,  VII.  564,  2  b,  ff. 

Ruthenium,  metal,  XIV.  501.  A  new  test 
for  it,  XV.  152,  1  c. 

RuTHEEFOKD[ru£/i/-er-furd],  two  counties,  XIV. 
501. 

Rutherfordton ,  county  seat,  XIV.  501,  2  ab. 
Rutherfurd ,  Lewis  M.,  ruling  engine  of,  XV. 
243,  1  a  (ill.).  His  photograph  of  the  spec¬ 
trum,  248,  1  a.  His  lunar  photographs,  XI. 
800,  2  c. 

Ruticilla  (ornithology),  XIV.  240,  1  c.  R. 
phasnicura,  ib. 

Rutile  [ru'-til],  mineral,  XV.  770,  2  c;  V.  540, 
1  a. 

Rutland,  county,  XIV.  501. 

Rutland,  town  of  Vermont,  XIV.  502. 
Rutlandshire,  county  of  England,  XIV.  502. 
Rutledge ,  county  seats,  V.  475, 1  a;  VIII.  145, 1  b. 
Rutledge,  John,  American  statesman,  XIV. 


502.  Edward,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  2  b. 

Rutli  :  see  Grutli. 

Ru'tuli,  people  of  ancient  Italy,  XIV.  502. 

Ruttari's  air  warmer,  XVI.  455,  2  c. 

Ruyan,  root  furnishing  a  red  dye,  IX.  820,  2  b. 

Ruysdael,  Jacob  [roice'-dal],  Dutch  painter, 
XIV.  502. 

Ruysselede  [rois'-sSh-la-deh],  town  of  Bel¬ 
gium,  XIV.  502.  Reformatory  of,  503, 1  a,  ff. 

Euyter,  Michael  Adriaenzoon  de  [deh  roi'-ter], 
Dutch  admiral,  XIV.  503.  Successful  at¬ 
tack  on  Chatham,  IV.  337,  2  a. 

Ryoaut,  Sir  Paul :  see  Ricaut. 

Rye,  cereal  grain,  XIV.  503  (ill.,  504).  Origin, 
2  be.  Cultivation,  2  c.  As  green  fodder, 
504,  1  a.  As  breadstuff,  1  ab,  c.  Spurred 
rye,  2  a :  see  Ergot. 

Rye  Grass  :  see  Darnel. 

Rye  House  jplot,  IV.  283,  1  c;  XIV.  476,  1  c. 
Referred  to,  III.  748,  2  b ;  IV.  32,  2  c. 

Eyerson,  Adolphus  Egerton,  Canadian  clergy¬ 
man,  XIV.  504. 

Ryland,  John,  English  clergyman,  XIV.  504. 

Rymer,  Thomas,  English  antiquary,  XIV.  505. 

Ryot,  Hindoo  agriculturist,  II.  524,  2  c;  IX. 
206,  1  a.  Ryotwar  system  of  land  revenue, 
IX.  205,  2  c ;  X.  831,  1  a. 

Ryswick  [rize'-wik],  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
XIV.  505.  Peace  of,  ib. ;  X.  659, 1  a;  VII. 
383,  2  c. 

Ryzcena  capensis  (zoology),  XV.  488,  1  c  (ill.). 


8 


S,  a  letter,  XIV.  505.  In  ancient  and  modern 
languages,  1  b,  ff.  As  an  abbreviation,  2  b. 

Saadi,  Sheik  Moslih  ed-Din  [sa'-de],  Persian 
poet,  XIV.  505 ;  XIII.  327,  1  a. 

Saadia  ben  Joseph,  Jewish  writer,  XIV.  506. 

Saarbruck  [sar'-briik],  town  of  Rhenish  Prus¬ 
sia,  XIV.  506. 

SaarbrucJcen :  see  Saarbruck. 

Saardam,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  XIV.  506. 

Saarhard,  blood  money,  II.  738,  1  c. 

Saavedra,  Angel  de  [sa-a-va/-£Ara] :  see  Rivas. 

Saavedra  y  Faxardo,  Diego  :  see  Faxardo. 

Saba  [sa'-ba] :  see  Arabia,  I.  620,  2  be,  and 
Sheba. 

Saba :  see  Assab. 

Sab'aco,  conqueror  of  Egypt,  VI.  463,  1  a,  749, 
2b;  II.  35,  1  c. 


Sabje'ans  :  see  Sheba,  and  Christians  of  St. 
John. 

Sabaism,  worship  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  XIV. 
506  ;  823,  2  b. 

Sabal  palmetto  (botany),  XIII.  26,  2  a  (ill.). 

S.  serrulata,  27,  1  a.  S.  Andersonii,  1  b. 
Sabbat,  assembly  of  demons  and  sorcerers,  V. 
795,  1  a;  796,  2  a. 

Sabbatarians :  see  Seventh  Day  Baptists. 
Sabbath,  XIV.  506.  Sabbath  day’s  journey, 
2  ab.  Great  sabbath,  2  b.  Sabbatarian 
Christians,  2  c. 

Sabbatical  year,  of  the  Mosaic  law,  XIV.  506, 
2  b ;  IX.  699,  1  a. 

Sabellianism :  see  Sabellius,  XIV.  506,  2  c,  ff. 
Its  chief  opponent,  507,  1  b.  Spread  of  the 
doctrine,  ib. ;  under  other  names,  1  be, 


SABELLIANS 


SADDLE 


659 


Trinity  of  offices  rather  than  of  persons,  1  c. 
See  Dionysius  of  Alexandria,  VI.  125, 1  c ; 
Patripassians  ;  and  Trinity,  XV.  869,  2  c. 
Sabellians  :  see  Sabellius,  and  Sabellianism 
(Index). 

Sabellians  or  Sabines ,  Latin  race,  IX.  439,  2  b. 
Sabellicus ,  George ,  VII.  96,  2  a  (Faust). 
Sabellius,  ancient  sectary,  XIV.  506.  See 
Sahellianism  (Index). 

Sabine  [sa-been'],  river  of  Texas,  XIV.  507. 

Lake  Sabine,  1  c. 

Sabine,  two  counties,  XIV.  507. 

Sabine,  Sir  Edward  [sab'-in],  British  physicist, 
XIV.  507. 

Sabine,  Lorenzo,  American  author,  XIV.  507. 
(Died  1877.) 

Sa'bines,  ancient  people  of  Italy,  XIV.  508 ; 

IX.  439,  2  b. 

Sable,  animal,  XIV.  508  (ill.).  American  :  see 
Marten.  Russian,  fur  of,  VII.  536,  2  a.  Hud¬ 
son  bay,  fur  of,  2  c.  French  sable,  537,  1  a. 
Sable  Island,  Nova  Scotia,  XIV.  508. 

Sabot  [sa-bo],  wooden  shoe,  XIV.  874,  1  c. 

Sac  [sawk],  county,  XIV.  508. 

Sacalius  (zoology),  IX.  481,  1  b. 

Sacapa  :  see  Zaoapa. 

Sacasta'ne :  see  Seistan. 

Saccas,  surname,  I.  429,  1  ab. 

Saccata  [sak-ka'-ta],  Tuscan  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 
Sacca'ta  (mollusca),  XI.  721,  1  ab. 

Saccatoo  :  see  Sackatoo. 

Saccharim! etry ,  XV.  442,  1  ab.  Saccharime- 
ter,  1  b.  Soleil’s,  2  c  (ill.,  443). 
Saccharometer ,  XV.  442,  1  b;  III.  260,  2  b; 

X.  450,  2  a.  Introduction  of,  II.  244,  1  c. 
Saccharomy'ces  (botany),  XVI.  775,  2  b.  S. 

cerevisue,  2  c.  Other  species,  776,  777  (ills.). 
Sac'charose ,  XV.  441,  1  be  (Sugar). 
Saccharumofzcina'le (botany),  XV. 444, 1  a  (ill.). 
Sacchini,  Antonio  Maria  Gasparo  [sak-ke'-ne], 
Italian  composer,  XIV.  508. 

Sac  City ,  county  seat,  XIV.  508,  2  c. 

Sachet  [sa-slia'J,  scent  bag,  X.  215,  2  c. 
Sacheverell,  Henry  [sa-shev'-er-el],  English 
clergyman,  XIV.  509.  Referred  to,  I.  531,2  a. 
His  defence  by  Samuel  Wesley,  XVI.  556,  2  a. 
Saoiis,  Hans  [hance  zaks],  German  poet,  XIV. 

509  ;  VII.  764,  2  c. 

Sachsen  [zaks'-en] :  see  Saxony. 

Sack,  cutting  instrument :  see  Slate,  XV. 88,1  c. 
Sack,  a  Spanish  wine,  referred  to,  XV.  225, 1  c. 
Sackatoo',  Foolah  monarchy,  XIV.  509.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  b  ;  I.  170,  2  a. 

Sackbut,  wind  instrument,  XIV.  509. 


Sackett’s  Harbor,  village  of  New  York,  XIV. 
509. 

Sackville,  Thomas,  earl  of  Dorset,  English 
statesman,  XIV.  510.  Charles,  earl  of  Dor¬ 
set,  courtier,  1  b.  George,  viscount,  soldier 
and  statesman,  1  be. 

Saco  [saw'-ko],  river  of  New  England, XIV.5 10. 
Saco,  city  of  Maine,  XIV.  510. 

Saco  and  Monhegan,  first  permanent  English 
settlements  in  Maine,  XVI.  151,  1  b. 

Sacram  anchor  am  solvere,  proverb,  I.  464,  2  b. 
Sacrament,  in  Christian  theology,  XIV.  510. 
The  sacraments  in  the  Latin  and  Greek 
churches,  511,  1  a.  In  the  church  of  Eng¬ 
land,  1  b.  In  Lutheran  churches,  1  be ;  con¬ 
troversy  between  Lutheran  and  Reformed, 
ib.  Efficacy  or  operation  of,  1  c.  Among 
the  Friends,  &c.,  ib.  See  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  393,  2  b. 

“  Sacrament  of  the  altar  f  in  Luther’s  cate¬ 
chism,  X.  638,  1  a. 

Sacrament  of  order,  XII.  676,  2  b  (Ordination). 
Sacramental  offices,  X.  534,  2  ab  (Liturgy). 
Sacramentarians ,  religious  faction,  III.796,2ab. 
#acram<mtaries,liturgicalformularies,X.534,2b. 
Sacramento,  river  of  California,  XIV.  511. 
Sacramento,  county,  XIV.  511. 

Sacramento,  capital  of  California,  XIV.  511. 
State  capitol,  512,  1  a  (ill.).  Climate,  ib. 
Intercommunication,  ib.  Education,  2  a. 
History,  2  b. 

Sacred  bean  (water  lily),  XVI.  504,  1  b. 

Sacred  fire,  cutaneous  disease,  I.  548,  1  b. 
Sacred  Heart,  Ladies  of  the,  XIV.  513. 

Schools  of  the,  1  c ;  VII.  583,  1  b. 

Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus,  originator  of  the  fes¬ 
tival  of  the,  I.  235,  1  b. 

Sacred  isle  (Tongataboo),  VII.  492,  2  c. 

Sacred  wars,  of  Greece,  I.  438,  2  b.  First,  2  be ; 
V.  784,  2  b.  Second,  I.  438,  2  c  ;  V.  784,  2  c ; 
XIII.  451,  2  c ;  VIII.  197,  2  c. 

Sacri :  see  Fasti,  VII.  93,  2  a. 

Sacrilege,  proposed  law  of,  in  France,  XIV. 
459,  2  be. 

Sacro  catino  [sa'-kro  ka-te'-no],  VII.  675,  1  c. 
Sacro-sciatic  notches  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  2  b. 
Sacrum  (anatomy),  XIII.  241,  1  b. 

Sacs,  Indian  tribe,  XIV.  513.  See  Foxes. 
Sacy,  Antoine  Isaac  Sylvestre  de,  baron  [duh 
sa-se],  French  orientalist,  XIV.  514.  Samuel 
Ustazade  Sylvestre  de,  author,  1  b. 

Sadakah,  Moslem  alms,  XI.  698,  2  a. 

Saddle,  in  coal  mines,  V.  67,  1  a. 

Saddle  mountain,  Massachusetts,  I.  82,  2  a. 


660 


SADDUCEES 


SAINT  ALBANS 


Sadducees,  Jewish  sect,  XIV.514;  XIII.  381,  2c. 
Sade  (Laure  (le),  [lore  dull  sad] :  see  Peteaech, 
XIII.  363,  2  c. 

Sadi  :  see  Saadi. 

Sadlee, Sir  Ralph, English  statesman,  XIV. 514. 
Sadler ,  Thomas ,  on  political  economy,  XIII. 
670,  1  be. 

Sadliee,  Mary  Anne  (Madden),  American  au¬ 
thoress,  XIV.  514. 

Sado  [sa'-do],  island  of  Japan,  XIV.  514. 
Sadoleto,  Jacopo  [sa-do-la'-to],  Italian  eccle¬ 
siastic,  XIV.  515.  Referred  to,  X.  347,  1  e. 
Sadowa  [sa'-do-va],  village  of  Bohemia,  XIV. 

515.  Battle  of,  or  of  Koniggratz,  2  a. 

Safe,  box  or  closet  for  valuables,  XIV.  515. 
Safeguard ,  lizard,  XI.  749,  1  c. 

Safe  load ,  for  flooring  beams,  II.  416, 1  a  ;  rule 
for,  ib. 

Safety  Lamp  :  see  Lamp,  X.  130,  2  b. 

Saffi,  seaport  of  Morocco,  XIV.  516. 

Safflor ,  potters’  material,  IV.  767,  1  c. 
Safflowee,  dyeing  material  and  plant,  XIV. 

516  (ill.)  ;  VIII.  450,  2  c. 

Saffoed,  Truman  Henry,  American  mathema¬ 
tician,  XIV.  516. 

Saffeon,  drug,  XIV.  517  (ill.,  saffron  crocus). 
Bastard,  or  dyer’s,  516,  1  b.  Hay  saffron 
and  cake  saffron,  517,  2  a.  Adulteration 
of,  2  b  ;  penalties  for,  ib.  Uses,  2  be. 

Saga  [sa'-ga],  city  of  Japan,  XIV.  517. 

Saga,  Scandinavian  goddess  of  poetry,  XII. 
119,  2  c ;  daughter  of  Odin,  581,  1  ab.  In 
Icelandic  literature,  IX.  155,  2  a,  ff. 
Sagadahoc',  county,  XIV.  518. 

Sagan  [za'-gan],  town  of  Prussia,  XIV.  518. 

Principality,  1  b.  Duchess  of,  II.  662,  1  a. 
Sagape'num,  a  gum  resin,  XIV.  518;  VIII. 
321,  2  c. 

Sage,  plant,  XIV.  518.  Garden  sage,  2  b  (ill.). 
Medicinal  and  culinary  use,  2  be;  XV.  599, 
1  b.  Scarlet  sage,  &c.,  XIV.  519,  1  a. 

Sage,  Antoine  Ren6  le  :  see  Le  Sage. 

Sage  Bush  :  see  Aetemisia,  I.  774,  1  a. 

Sage  college  of  Cornell  university ,  V.  367,  1  a. 
Sage  cock ,  fowl,  VIII.  271,  1  ab. 

Sdgert  [za'-ghert],  his  labors  for  improvement 
of  idiots,  IX.  172,  2  a. 

Sageville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  413,  1  a. 

Sagging ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  861,  1  b. 

Saghalien  [sa-ga-le'-en],  island  of  Russia,  XIV. 
519. 

Saghalien ,  river  :  see  Amooe. 

Saghalin  [sa-ga-leen'] :  see  Saghalien. 

Sag  Haeboe,  port  of  New  York,  XIV.  519. 


Sag'inaw,  river  of  Michigan,  XIV .  520. 
Saginaw,  county,  XIV.  520. 

Saginaw,  city  of  Michigan,  XIV .  520.  Origin 
of  the  name,  VII.  362,  1  c. 

Saginaw,  East :  see  East  Saginaw. 

Saginaw  Bay  :  see  Hueon,  Lake,  IX.  78,  2  b. 
Saginaw  City  :  see  Saginaw. 

Sago,  starch,  XIV.  520.  Sago  palm,  2  a,  c 
(ill.)  ;  of  Ceram,  IV.  208,  2  a. 

Sagoskin  :  see  Zagoskin. 

Sa-go-ye-wat-ha :  see  Red  Jacket. 

Saguache  [sa-gwa'-cheh],  county,  XIV.  521. 
Capital,  2  a. 

Saguenay  [sa'-guh-na],  river  of  Canada,  XIV. 
521. 

Saguenay,  county,  XIV.  521. 

Saguntum,  ancient  town  of  Spain,  XIV.  521. 

Siege  of,  VIII.  442,  1  be. 

Saguntus:  see  Saguntum. 

Sagus  Ihimphii  (botany),  XIV.  520,  2  c  (ill.). 
S.  lsevis,  ib. 

Sahap'tins,  N.  American  Indians,  XIV.  521. 
Sahaea  [sa-ha'-ra],  the  great  desert,  XIV.  522  ; 
I.  165,  1  b,  c.  Allusion  to,  163,  2  c.  Oases, 
165,  1  c:  see  Oasis.  Artesian  wells  in  the 
Sahara,  I.  776,  1  a. 

Sahel:  see  Sahaea,  XIV.  522,  1  c,  523,  1  a; 
Afeica,  I.  165,  1  c. 

Sahidic  version  of  the  Scriptures :  see  Thebaic 
(Index). 

Sahwatch  range ,  Rocky  mountains,  XIV.  376, 
2  c;  V.  100,  1  b  (Sawatch). 

Saida  [si'-da],  town  of  Syria,  XIV.  523  (view). 
Ruins  of  Sidon,  2  a. 

Said  Pasha  [sa-eed'  pa-sha'],  viceroy  :  see 
Egypt,  VI.  467,  2  ab. 

Saigon  [sl-gon'],  city  of  Further  India,  XIV .  523. 
Saigun  [si-gun'] :  see  Saigon. 

Saikio  [si'-ke-o],  X.  13,  2  c  (Kioto). 

Sail:  see  Ship,  XIV.  865,  2  c,  ff. 

Sail  fish,  XIV.  829,  1  b. 

Sailing:  see  Navigation,  and  Ship,  XIV. 
866,  2  a. 

Sailor  plant,  XIV.  657, 1  a. 

Sailors,  patroness  of  (St.  Barbara),  II.  297,  2  b. 
Sailors'1  purse,  egg  case,  XIV .  221,  2  b ;  826,  2  c. 
Sailors ’  Nm/^LTar5{>r,StatenIsland,XV  .323,2bc. 
Saimiei  [sl-me'-re] :  see  Monkey,  XI.  751,  2  a. 
Sain'foin  [Fr.  sang-fwang],  a  fodder  plant,  XIV. 

523  (ill.,  524). 

Saint:  see  Canonization. 

Saint  AbVs  Head,  referred  to,  II.  588,  1  a. 
Saint  Albans,  town  of  Vermont,  XIV.  524. 
Raid  of,  X.  497,  2  be. 


SAINT  ALBANS 


SAINT-fiVREMOND 


661 


Saint  Albans,  town  of  England,  XIY.  524. 
Origin  of,  I.  243,  2  b. 

Saint  Albans,  Harriet  Mellon,  duchess  of, 
XIY.  524. 

Saint  Andrews,  city  of  Scotland,  XIY.  524. 
University,  2  be.  Archbishop  of :  see  Bea¬ 
ton,  David. 

Saint  Andrews,  New  Brunswick,  XIY.  524. 
Saint  Andrews ,  county  seat,  IY.  320,  2  b. 
Saint  Ann's  (Fredericton),  YII.  467,  1  a. 

Saint  Anthony,  Minn. :  see  Minneapolis. 
Saint  Anthony ,  catacombs  of  Kiev,  IX.  830, 1  b. 
Saint  Anthony, monks  of  I.  726, 1  a;  XI.  729,1c. 
Saint  Anthony’s  Fire  :  see  Erysipelas,  and  I. 
548,  1  b. 

Saint- Arnattd  :  see  Leroy  de  Saint- Arnaud. 
Saint  Athanase  [Fr.  sang  t^-ta-naz],  county  seat, 

IX.  142,  1  c. 

Saint  Aubin:  see  Bernhard,  Karl. 

Saint- A  ubin,  Horace  de  [o-ras  duh  sang-to-bang], 
nom  de  plume,  II.  259,  1  a. 

Saint  Augustine,  city  of  Florida,  XIY.  525. 
First  permanent  settlement  in  the  present 
United  States,  XYI.  150,  1  be. 

Saint  Augustine  type ,  form  of  letter,  I.  387, 1  b. 
Saint  Bartholomew,  island,  XIY.  525. 

Saint  Bartholomew,  Massacre  of:  see  Bar¬ 
tholomew,  Saint. 

Saint  Bartholomew'' s  fair,  London,  YII.  58,  2  a. 
Saint  Bartholomew'' s  hospital,  X.  601,  1  c. 
Saint  Bernard,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  525. 
Saint  Bernard,  county  seat,  XIY.  525,  2  b. 
Saint  Bernard,  Great,  mountain  pass,  XIY. 

525.  Monastery,  2  c.  Little,  526,  1  a. 
Saint  Brandon,  island  of,  XI.  293,  1  ab. 
Saint-Brieuo  [sang-bre-uk],  town  of  France, 
XIY.  526. 

Saint  Catharines,  town  of  Canada,  XIY.  526. 
Saint  Charles,  two  counties,  XIV.  526. 

Saint  Charles,  city  of  Missouri,  XIY.  526. 
Saint  Charles,  county  seat,  XIY.  311,  2  a. 
Saint  Christopher,  island,  XIY.  526. 

Saint  Clair,  lake,  XIY.  527. 

Saint  Clair,  four  counties,  XIY.  527. 

Saint  Clair,  borough,  Pennsylvania,  XIY.  527. 
Saint  Clair,  city  of  Michigan,  XIY.  527. 
Saint  Clair,  Arthur,  American  general,  XIY. 
528. 

Saint  Clairsville,  county  seat,  II.  509, 1  c. 
Saint  Cloud,  city  of  Minnesota,  XIY.  528. 
Saint-Cloud  [sang-kloo],  town  of  France,  XIY. 
528.  Palace,  2  a. 

Saint  Croix  [kroi],  or  Passamaquoddy,  river, 
XIY.  528.  River  of  Wisconsin,  2  b. 


Saint  Croix,  county,  XIY.  528. 

Saint  Croix,  island:  see  Santa  Cruz,  XIY. 
618,  1  a. 

Saint  Cuthberfs  beads :  see  Encrinite,  YI. 

593,  1  c,  and  Bead,  II.  412,  2  c. 

Saint-Cyr  [sang-seer],  village  near  Paris,  XIY. 

529.  School  of,  XI.  537,  2  c. 

Saint-Cyr,  Laurent  Gouvion  :  see  Gouvion 
Saint-Cyr. 

Saint-Denis  [-duh-ne],  town  of  France,  XIY. 

529.  Fair  of,  VII.  58,  1  a,  2  c. 

Saint  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  society  of,  YII. 
553,  1  c. 

Saint  Domingo:  see  IIayti,  and  Santo  Do¬ 
mingo. 

Saint  Doulough's  church,  Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  c. 
Sainte-Aldegonde  :  see  Aldegonde. 
Sainte-Beuve,  Charles  Augustin  [sangt-buvj, 
French  author,  XIV.  529.  Referred  to,  III. 
29,  2  c.  On  Chateaubriand’s  political  life, 
IY.  333,  1  c. 

Sainte-Claire  Deville  :  see  Deville,  and  X. 
436,  1  a. 

Sainte  Croix,  church  0/[sangt  krwa] :  see  Saint- 
Lo. 

Sainte  Croix,  Gaudin  de,  lover  of  Mme.  do 
Brinvilliers,  III.  290,  1  ab. 

Saint  Edmund's  Bury :  see  Bury  St.  Edmund’s. 
Sainte  Genevieve,  county,  XIY.  529. 

Sainte  Genevieve,  county  seat,  XIY.  529,  2  c. 
Saint  Elbes :  see  Setubal. 

Saint  Elias,  Mount,  XIY.  529;  I.  241,  1  a. 
Saint-Elme,  Ida  [sang-telm],  nom  de  plume, 
XIY.  530. 

Saint  Elmo's  fire,  electrical  phenomenon,  XI. 
355,  1  a. 

Sainte  Helene ,  Jacques  le  Moyne,  sieur  de  [sang- 
ta-lain],  X.  338,  1  c. 

Sainte-Marguerite  [sangt-mar-guh-reet],  isl¬ 
and:  see  Lerins,  Islands  of,  X.  364,  1  a. 
State  prison  of,  ib. 

Sainte- Mar ie-aux- Mines  [-ma-re-o-meen] :  see 
Markirch. 

Sainte  Marie  de  Monnoir  [duh  miih-nwar], 
county  seat,  XIY.  454,  2  ab. 

Sainte  Martine  [mar-teen],  county  seat,  IY. 
334,  2  b. 

Sainte  Bose,  county  seat,  X.  213,  1  b. 

Saintes  [sangt],  town  of  France,  XIY.  530. 
Sainte  Scholastique,  county  seat,  XYI.  87,  2  a. 
Saint-Etienne  [sang-ta-tyen],  town  of  France, 
XIY.  530. 

Saint  Eustatius,  island, West  Indies,  XIY.  530. 
Saint-£vremond,  Charles  de  Marguetel  de 


062 


SAINT  FAITH’S  FAIR 


SAINT  LAWRENCE 


Saint-Denis,  seigneur  de  [sang-ta-vruh-mong], 
French  author,  XIY.  530 ;  X.  340,  2  b. 

Saint  Faith's  fair ,  near  Norwich,  England, 
VII.  58,  2  a. 

Saint  Francis,  county,  XIY.  530. 

Saint  Francis ,  hermits  of  establishment  of  the 
order,  YII.  424,  1  c. 

Saint  Francis ,  penitents  of  the  third  order  of 
YII.  427,  1  a. 

Saint  Francis  Riyer  :  see  Arkansas,  I.  714. 

Saint  Francisville ,  county  seat,  XYI.  566,  1  a. 

Saint  Franqois  [fran'-sis],  county,  XIY.  531. 

Saint  Gall,  canton  of  Switzerland,  XIY.  531. 
Capital,  1  c. 

Saint  Gall ,  hospital  of  XII.  579,  2  c. 

SaintGeorge, county  seats,  XVI.  22,  2  c;  476,  2  a. 

Saint  George ,  the  chevalier ,  I.  531,  1  c,  2  b. 

Saint  George  da  Mina :  see  Elmina. 

Saint  George' s  arm  (Hellespont),  YII.  712, 1  ab. 

Saint  George's  church ,  London,  X.  598,  2  ab. 

Saint-Germain,  or  St.  Germain-en-Laye  [sang- 
zhair-mang-nang-la],  town  of  France,  XIY. 
531.  Peace  of,  IX.  37,  2  b.  Treaty  of,  YII. 
454,  1  ab. 

Saint-Germain,  count  de,  adventurer,  XIY. 
531.  Referred  to,  IY.  48,  2  c  (Casanova). 

Saint  Gertrude, church  c/^Nivelles,  XII.469,2  a. 

Saint  Giles's,  London,  X.  594,  1  b. 

Saint  Giles's  Greek,  gypsy  slang,  XY.  85,  2  b. 

Saint- Gilles  wines  [sang-zheel],  VII.  411,  2  c. 

Saint  Got'hard  :  see  Alps,  I.  352, 1  ab.  Pass 
of,  354,  2  a.  Railroad,  ib.  Tunnel,  XYI. 
34,  2  c. 

Saint  Hele'na,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  531. 

Saint  Helena,  island  of  the  S.  Atlantic,  XIY. 
531.  Longwood,  532,  1  ab;  Napoleon’s 
house,  &c.,  1  c. 

Saint  Helens ,  county  seat,  Y.  117,  1  b. 

Saint-Helier  [Fr.  sang-ta-lya],  capital  of  Jersey, 
XIY.  532. 

Saint-Hilaire,  Auguste  de  [sang-te-lair],  French 
botanist,  XIY.  532. 

Saint-Hilaire,  Geotfroy :  see  Geoffroy  Saint- 
Hilaire. 

Saint-Hilaire,  Jules  :  see  Bartiielemy-Saint- 
Hilaire. 

Saint-Hilaire,  Marco  de  (pseudonyme),  French 
writer,  XIY.  532. 

Saint  Hubert's  breed,  of  hounds,  II.  737,  1  b. 

Saint  Hy'acinthe  [Fr.  sang-te-a-sangt],  county 
of  Canada,  XIY.  532.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Saintine  [sang-teen],  (pseudonyme),  French 
author,  XIY.  533. 

Saint  James,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  533. 


Saint  James,  county  seats,  IY.  166,  1  c;  XI. 
115,  1  c. 

Saint  James's  palace,  London,  X.  609,  1  b. 
Saint  James' 8  park,  London,  X.  597,  1  ab; 
XIII.  103,  1  ab. 

Saint  Jean  d’Acre  :  see  Acre. 

Saint  Jerome,  county  seat,  XV.  662,  1  c. 

Saint  John,  river  of  N.  America,  XIY.  533. 
Saint  John,  lake :  see  Quebec,  XIY.  135,  1  c. 
Saint  John,  county  of  New  Brunswick,  XIY. 
533. 

Saint  John,  city  of  New  Brunswick,  XIY.  533. 

Town  of  Portland,  2  c. 

Saint  John,  Henry:  see  Bolingbroke. 

Saint  John,  James  Augustus,  English  author, 
XIY.  534.  Percy  Bolingbroke,  author,  2  c. 
Bayle,  traveller,  ib.  Spenser,  535, 1  a.  Hor¬ 
ace  Roscoe,  1  ab. 

Saint  John  of  Jerusalem,  Knights  Hospitallers 
of  the  Order  of,  XIY.  535. 

Saint  John’s,  county  of  Florida,  XIY.  536. 
Saint  Johns,  county  of  Canada,  XIY.  536. 
Saint  John’s,  city  of  Newfoundland,  XIY.  536. 
Saint  Johns,  town  of  Canada,  XIY.  537. 
Saint  Johnsbury,  town  of  Vermont,  XIY.  538. 
Saint  John's  college:  see  Fordiiam,  YII.  315, 
2  b,  and  IX.  33,  2  c. 

Saint  John's  collegiate  church ,  Chester,  Eng., 
IY.  389,  1  a. 

Saint  John' 8  dance,  nervous  malady,  Y.  796, 1  c. 
Saint  John's  island  (now  Prince  Edward), 
XIII.  841,  2  ab. 

Saint  John’s  River  :  seeFLORiDA,  YII.  280, 1  be. 
Saint  John  the  Baptist,  parish  of  Louisiana, 
XIY.  537. 

Saint  Joseph,  two  counties,  XIY.  538. 

Saint  Joseph,  river  of  Michigan  and  Indiana, 
XIY.  538. 

Saint  Joseph,  city  of  Missouri,  XIY.  538. 
Saint  Joseph,  county  seats,  II.  424,  1  a ;  XY. 
652,  1  c. 

Saint  Joseph’s  River  :  see  Saint  Joseph. 
Saint  Joseph's  Society  of  the  Sacred  Heart  for 
Foreign  Missions ,  XII.  565,  1  b. 

Saint-Just,  Antoine  Louis  Leon  de  [sang-zhiist], 
French  revolutionist,  XIY.  539. 

Saint  Kitts,  island  :  see  Saint  Christopher. 
Saint-Lambert,  Jean  Francois  de  [sang-lang- 
bair],  French  poet,  XIY.  539.  Connection 
with  Mine.  d’Houdetot,  IX.  9,  2  c. 

Saint  Landry,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  539. 
Saint  Lawrence,  river  and  gulf,  XIY.  539. 

Right  of  navigation  in,  X.  224,  1  c. 

Saint  Lawrence,  county,  XIY.  540. 


SAINT-LAZARE 


SAINT-PIERRE 


663 


Saint-Lazare  fair  [sang-la-zar],  YII.  58,  1  a,  2  c. 
Saint  Lazarus ,  order  of  X.  362,  1  b. 

Saint  Leger ,  the ,  race,  XYI.  50,  1  a  (Turf). 
Saint  Leonards,  Edward  Burtenshaw  Sugden, 
baronf  English  jurist,  XIV.  540. 

Saint  Leu  [sang  ltih],  domain  of  (and  duchy),  III. 

32,  2  b.  Count  St.  Leu,  assumed  name,  2  a. 
Saint-L6  [sang-lo],  town  of  France,  XIY.  540. 
Saint  Louis  [loo'-is  or  loo'-e],  two  counties, 
XIY.  541. 

Saint  Louis,  city  of  Missouri,  XIY.  541.  De¬ 
scription,  2  ab.  Public  buildings,  2  be ;  court 
house..  (ill.,  542).  East  St.  Louis,  542,  2  a. 
Railroads,  2  b.  Trade  and  industries,  2  c. 
Banks,  &c.,  544,  2  c.  Government,  &c.,  545, 
1  a.  Education,  2  ab.  History,  546,  2  a. 
Saint  Louis  river ,  Minnesota,  XI.  603,  2  c. 
Saint  Lucia  [loo-se'-a],  island,  XIY.  546. 
Saint-Malo  [sang-ma-lo],  town  of  France,  XIY. 
547. 

Saint-Maro  Girardin:  see  Girardin,  Marc. 
Saint  Marie ,  church  of:  see  Venice,  XYI.  297, 
1  a.  Mosaics  in  it,  XI.  857,  2  ab.  Republic 
of,  XYI.  299,  1  c.  Lion  of,  298,  1  c.  St. 
Mark’s  place,  296,  2  c  (ill.). 

Saint  Martin,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  547. 
Saint  Martin,  island,  Indian  archipelago,  XIY. 
547. 

Saint  Martin,  Alexis :  see  Beaumont,  "Wil¬ 
liam,  Dietetics,  and  Digestion. 
Saint-Martin,  Louis  Claude,  marquis  de  [sang- 
mar-tang],  French  metaphysician,  XIY.  547. 
Saint  Martin-in-the- Fields ,  church,  London, 
X.  598,  2  ab. 

Saint  Martinsville ,  county  seat,  XIY.  547, 1  be. 
Saint  Mary,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIY.  547. 
Saint  Mary-le-Bow ,  church,  X.  598,  1  c. 

Saint  Mary -le- Savoy,  church,  X.  598,  1  be. 
Saint  Mary  Magdalene,  church  of,  XII.  273, 1  b. 
Saint  Mary’s,  county,  XIY.  547. 

Saint  Mary's,  county  seat,  XIII.  608,  2  c. 

St.  Mary's  of  Donnybroolc :  see  Donnybrook. 
Saint  Mary's  river,  Florida,  YII.  280,  2  a. 
Saint  Mary's  ship  canal,  XI.  501,  1  a. 

Saint  Mary’s  Strait,  or  River,  XIY.  547. 
Saint-Maur,  Congregation  of  [sang-more], 
(named  from  St.  Maurus,  a  disciple  of  St. 
Benedict  and  reformer  of  his  order,  died 
584),  XIY.  548.  Its  editions  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  fathers  referred  to,  ib. 

Saint  Maurice  [Fr.  sang  mo-reece],  river  of 
Canada,  XIY.  548. 

Saint  Maurice,  county  of  Canada,  XIY.  548. 
Saint  Mawes  castle,  YII.  76,  2  c  (Falmouth). 


Saint  Michael,  island  of  the  Azores,  XIY.  548. 
Saint  Moritz,  Swiss  watering  place,  XIY.  548. 
Saint-Nazaire  [sang-na-zair],  town  of  France, 
XIY.  548. 

Saint-Nicolas  [-ne-ko-la],  Belgium,  XIY.  548. 
Saint-Omer  [sang-to-mair],  France,  XIY.  548. 
Saint  Patrick :  see  Patrick,  Saint.  Holy 
wells  of,  YI.  236,  2  a.  Purgatory  of,  32, 
1  a  (twice).  Cathedral  of,  Dublin,  281,  1  c  ; 
New  York,  IY.  119,  2  be,  XII.  379,  2  a  (ill., 
380).  College  of,  XI.  303,  1  c  (ill.). 

Saint  Paul,  capital  of  Minnesota,  XIY.  548 
(view).  Intercommunication  and  commerce, 

549,  1  ab.  Banks,  2  ab.  Education,  2  c. 
Religious  organizations,  550, 1  a.  History,  ib. 

Saint  Paul  de  Loanda,  city  of  Angola,  XIY. 

550. 

Saint  Paul's,  cathedral,  London,  IY.  119,  2  a; 
X.  599, 1  c  (ill.)  ;  XYI.  735,  2  c  (Wren).  St. 
Paul’s  churchyard,  X.  594,  1  c.  St.  Paul’s 
school,  604,  1  c ;  Y.  52,  2  be  (Colet,  John). 
Monastery  of,  Y.  625,  1  b. 

Saint-Peray ,  w ines  o /  [sang-p a-ra] ,  Y 1 1 .  412, 1  ab. 
Saint  Peter,  city  of  Minnesota,  XIY.  550. 
Saint  Peter  and  Saint  Paul,  church  of,  at  St. 
Petersburg,  XIY.  551,  1  c.  Cathedral  of,  at 
Philadelphia,  IY.  119,  2  b. 

Saint  Peter's  church,  Rome,  IY.  117,  2  ab; 
XIY.  415,  2  c  (ills.,  415,  416).  Original  de¬ 
signs  and  architect,  III.  207,  1  a ;  finisher, 
443,  1  c. 

Saint  Peter's  corn,  XYI.  587,  2  c  (ill.). 

Saint  Peter' s  fish,  YI.  219,  2  a. 

Saint  Peter's  river :  see  Minnesota  (river). 
Saint  Peter's  sandstone,  X.  252,  1  c. 

Saint  Peter's  wreath,  plant,  XY.  274,  2  c. 
Saint  Petersburg,  government  of  Russia, 
XIY.  550. 

Saint  Petersburg,  capital  of  Russia,  XIY. 
550.  Situation,  2  a.  Description,  2  b ; 
Isaac  church,  551,  2  b  (ill.);  Winter  palace, 
552,  1  a  (ill.,  551).  Climate,  2  b.  Manu¬ 
factures  and  commerce,  ib.  History,  2  c. 
Saint  Pierre  [sang  pyair],  Martinique,  XIY.  553. 
Saint  Pierre  and  Miquelon  [me-khh-long], 
French  colony,  XIY.  553. 

Saint  Pierre ,  Rousseau’s  island,  II.  629. 

Saint  Pierre,  church  of,  in  Caen,  III.  539,  2  c 
(ill.,  540).  Cathedral  of,  in  Nantes,  XII. 
131,  2  be  (ill.). 

Saint-Pierre,  Charles  Irenee  Castel,  abb6  de, 
French  philanthropist,  XIY.  553. 
Saint-Pierre,  Jacques  Henri  Bernardin  de, 
French  author,  XIY.  553. 


664 


SAINT-QUENTIN 


SALEE 


Saint-Quentin  [sang-kang-tang],  town  of  France, 
XIV.  553. 

Saint-Remy  [-ruh-me],pseudonyme,XI.838, 2  a. 
Saint  Robert's  cave ,  England,  I.  632,  1  a. 

Saint  Saba ,  duchy  of,  VIII.  704,  1  c. 

Saint  Sacrement ,  lake  [sang  sa-kruh-mang],  (Lake 
George),  VII.  713,  1  ab. 

Saint  Saviour's,  church,  London,  X.  598,  1  ab  ; 

for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  599,  1  a. 

Saints  Cosma  and  Damiano ,  shrine  of,  at  Iser- 
nia,  IX.  426,  1  c. 

Saint  Sebastian,  seaport  of  Spain,  XIV.  553. 
Saint  Sepulchre,  church  of,  in  Cambridge, 
Eng.,  III.  643,  2  a  (ill.). 

Saint-Simon,  Claude  Henri,  count  de  [sang-se- 
mong],  French  socialist,  XIV.  554.  Referred 
to,  II.  403,  2  a.  See  Socialism,  XV.  140,  2  c. 
Saint-Simon,  Louis  de  Rouvroi,  duke  de,  wri¬ 
ter  of  memoirs,  XIV.  554. 

Saint  Sophia,  church  of,  in  Constantinople,  V. 
276,  2  a  (ill.,  275).  Destruction  of  its  li¬ 
brary,  X.  350,  2  a.  Cathedral  of,  in  Kiev, 

IX.  830,  1  a. 

Saint  Stephen,  cathedral  of,  in  Vienna,  XVI. 
350,  2  a  (ill.). 

Saint  Stephen ,  Abyssinian  convent  of,  I.  49,1  ab. 
Saint  Stephen,  town  of  Xew  Brunswick,  XIV. 
554. 

Saint  Stephens ,  county  seat,  XVI.  474,  1  c. 
Saint  Stephen's  hall,  English  parliament  house, 

X.  609,  2  c;  610,  2  ab. 

Saint  Sulpice  [sang  stil-peece],  priests  of  the 
society  of :  see  Sulpicians. 

Saint  Tammany,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XIV.  555. 
Saint  Theodosius,  catacombs  of  IX.  830,  1  b. 
Saint  Thomas,  county  seats,  VI.  524,  1  b ;  XI. 
790,  2  b. 

Saint  Thomas,  island,  West  Indies,  XIV.  555. 
Saint  Thomas,  island,  gulf  of  Guinea,  XIV.  555. 
Saint  Thomas,  Christians  of :  see  Christians 
of  St.  TnoMAs. 

Saint  Thomas's  hospital,  London,  X.  601,  2  a. 
Saint  TJbes :  see  Setubal. 

Saint  Vincent,  island,  West  Indies,  XIV.  555. 
Saint  Vincent,  Cape:  see  Cape  St.  Vincent. 
Saint  Vincent,  Earl  of :  see  Jervis,  Sir  John. 
Saint-  Vincent,  Bory  de :  see  Bory. 

Saint  Vitus’s  Dance,  XIV.  555  ;  XII.  238, 
2  c ;  V.  796,  1  c. 

Saint  Winifred,  well  of  VIII.  776,  2  c. 
Sakalavas  [sa-ka-la'-vas],  people  of  Madagas¬ 
car,  X.  810,  2  c  ;  811,  2  b. 

Sake  [sa-ka'],  kind  of  beer,  X.  632,  2  a. 

Saki  [sa'-ke] :  see  Monkey,  XI.  751,  2  c  (thrice). 


Sakiyeh  [sa-ke'-yeh],  machine  for  raising  wa¬ 
ter,  IX.  415,  1  a. 

Sakuntald  [sa-kun-ta-la'],  Hindoo  drama,  IX. 
736,  1  a. 

Sakyammd  (Saint  Sakya),  [sa-kya-moo'-ne], 
founder  of  Buddhism,  III.  393,  1  c ;  394, 
1  c-2  c;  396,  2  a,  b. 

Sa'la,  George  Augustus  Henry,  English  au¬ 
thor,  XIV.  556. 

Salabre  [sa-la'-bra],  for  coral  fishing,  VI.  257,2  a. 

Sal'adin,  sultan  of  Egypt  and  Syria,  XIV.  556. 

Salado  River  [sa-la'-do] :  see  Argentine  Re¬ 
public,  I.  688,  1  c,  2  a. 

Salah  ed-Din  [sa-la/  ed-deen'] :  see  Saladin. 

Salaka,  Madagascan  garment,  X.  812,  1  c. 

Salal  berry,  XVI.  674,  2  b  (Wintergreen). 

Salamanca,  province  of  Spain,  XIV.  557. 
Capital,  1  b.  University  of,  1  c;  XVI.  212, 

1  c;  VII.  135,  2  c  (that  of  Palencia  united 
with  it  by  Ferdinand  III.). 

Sal'amander,  reptile,  XIV.  557.  North  Amer¬ 
ican  species,  558,  1  a.  Common  European, 

2  ab  (ill.).  Gigantic  salamander  of  Japan, 

XI.  393,  1  a ;  fossil,  2  a.  Gopher  so  called, 
VIII.  110,  1  a. 

Salaman' dra  (zoology),  XIV.  557,  2  ab.  Spe¬ 
cies,  55-9,  1  a,  ff.  S.  maculata,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Sal'amis,  island  of  Greece,  XIV.  558.  Battle 
of,  2  c;  VIII.  190,  1  c.  City  of  Cyprus, 
XIV.  559,  1  a. 

Sal  Ammoniac  :  see  Ammonia,  I.  427,  2  c. 

Salamvria  [sa-lam-vre'-a],  river  :  see  Peneus 
(Index). 

Salangane  [sa-lan-ga'-na],  swallow,  II.  657,  1  c. 

Salar  (ichthyology),  XVI.  8,  2  c.  S.  fario,  ib. 
S.  namaycush,  9,  1  ab.  S.  siscowet,  1  b. 

Saida ,  Roman  colony,  III.  150,  1  b,  be. 

Saldana,  Don  Sancho  de  [sal-£7m/-nya],  II.  576, 
1  b,  be. 

Saldanha  Oliveira  e  Daun,  Joao  Carlos,  duke 
of  [sal-da'-nya  o-le-va'-e-ra  a  down],  Portu¬ 
guese  statesman,  XIV.  559. 

Sal  diuret'icus ,  XIII.  763,  2  a  (Potassium). 

Sale,  in  law,  XIV.  559.  Valid  sale,  1  c,  fit. 
Vendor’s  right,  2  be.  Delivery  or  non-de¬ 
livery,  560,  1  a,  ff.  Conditional  sale,  1  c 
(see  Mortgage,  XI.  851,  1  c).  Stoppage  in 
transitu,  2  b.  Contracts  for  an  immoral  or 
illegal  object,  2  c.  Sales  obtained  by  fraud, 
ib. ;  of  stolen  goods,  561,  1  a ;  fraudulently 
made,  1  b. 

Sale  [sa-la'],  town  of  Morocco,  XIV.  561. 

Sale,  George, English  oriental  scholar, XIV.561. 

Salee:  see  Sale. 


SALEM 


SALMON 


665 


Salem :  see  Zion,  XVI.  828,  2  a ;  Jerusalem, 
IX.  620,  1  ab. 

Salem,  county,  XIV.  561. 

Salem,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XIV.  561.  For¬ 
eign  commerce,  former,  2  b ;  present,  2  c. 
Manufactures,  562,  1  ab.  Government,  1  b. 
Charitable  institutions,  1  be.  Education,  ib. 
Public  institutions,  1  c,  ff.  Eeligious  or¬ 
ganizations,  2  be.  History,  2  c.  Witchcraft 
delusion,  ib. :  see  Witch  and  Witchcraft, 
XVI.  691,  1  c ;  Mather,  Cotton,  XI.  278, 

1  ab,  ff. ;  Burroughs,  George. 

Salem,  city  of  New  Jersey,  XIV.  562. 

Salem,  town  of  Virginia,  XIV.  563. 

Salem,  capital  of  Oregon,  XIV.  563. 

Salem ,  county  seats,  VI.  20,  2  b  ;  XI.  169,  2  b; 

XVI.  473,  1  c  ;  475,  1  c. 

Salem,  district  of  British  India,  XIV.  563. 
Salep',  vegetable  substance,  XIV.  563  (ill.). 
Salerno  [sa-lair'-no],  town  of  Italy,  XIV.  564. 
University  and  medical  school  of,  XI.  348, 

2  ab  ;  XVI.  210,  2  ab. 

Salernum :  see  Salerno. 

Sales,  Francis  de  :  see  Francis  de  Sales. 
Sales  bool',  in  bookkeeping,  III.  81,  1  a. 

Sal  febrifugum  Sylvii ,  XIII.  759,  2  b. 

Salford  [sawl'-furd] :  see  Manchester,  XI. 
92,  1  a. 

Salgrami ,  river,  VIII.  324,  1  b  (Gunduk). 
Saliaii  songs ,  Latin,  X.  192,  2  b. 

Salians,  German  tribe,  XIV.  564. 

Salias ,  Countess ,  Eussian  author,  IX.  766,  2  c. 
Salica'cece  (botany),  XIII.  711,  1  be. 

Salic  Franks  :  see  Salians. 

Salicine  [sal'-e-sin],  drug,  XIV.  564 ;  XVI. 

646,  1  a.  Fermentation  of,  VII.  145,  2  a. 
Salic  land ,  XIV.  564,  1  b. 

Salic  law ,  V.  7,  1  c ;  487,  1  b.  Disability  of 
females  under,  XIV.  564,  1  be ;  abrogation 
of  in  Spain,  ib.,  and  VII.  138,  2  b. 

Salicon :  see  Carbolic  Acid,  III.  768,  1  b. 
Salicornia  (botany),  II.  311,  2  ab.  S.  herbacea, 
XIV.  593,  2  a  (ill.). 

Salic yl'ic  Acid,  XIV.  564. 

Salicylol,  XIV.  564,  2  a  (Salicine). 

Salieri,  Antonio  [sa-le-a'-re],  Italian  composer, 
XIV.  564. 

Salim’eter,  IX.  124,  2  b  (ill.). 

Sali’na  (Syracuse),  XV.  544,  2  a.  South,  ib. 
Salina,  county  seat,  XIV.  565,  2  a. 

Salina  formation,  in  geology,  VII.  696,  2  b. 
Salinas  river  [sa-le'-nas],  California,  III.  601,1  b. 
Saline  [sa-leen'],  river  of  Arkansas,  XIV.  565. 
Saline,  five  counties,  XIV.  565. 


Saline  water  [sa-line'],  XIV.  584,  1  c  (Salts). 
Salisburia  adiantifo'lia  [sal-is-bu'-re-a],  (bot¬ 
any),  VII.  814,  2  c  ;  815,  2  a  (ill.). 
Salisbury  [sawlz'-ber-e],  city  of  England,  XIV. 
565. 

Salisbury,  county  seat,  XIV.  455,  1  a. 
Salisbury ,  earl  of  (Eichard  Neville):  see  Ed¬ 
ward  IV.,  VI.  436,  1  b;  Warwick,  XVI. 
467,  2  a,  c. 

Salisbury,  Eobert  Cecil,  earl  of :  see  Cecil. 
Eobert  Arthur  Talbot  Gascoyne  Cecil,  third 
marquis  and  eighth  earl  of,  English  states¬ 
man,  XIV.  565. 

Salisbury  crags,  Edinburgh,  VI.  405,  1  c. 
Sali'va:  see  Digestion,  VI.  105,  1  a,  and  Sa¬ 
livary  Glands.  In  hydrophobia,  IX.  127, 

1  c;  129,  1  c. 

Salivary  Glands,  XIV.  565.  Parotid  gland, 

2  c;  submaxillary,  566,  1  b;  sublingual, 
1  be ;  others,  1  c.  Their  secretions,  2  a. 

Salivation,  from  use  of  mercury,  XI.  403, 1  b. 
Salix  (botany),  XVI.  645,  1  b  (ill.).  S.  alba, 
646,  1  b ;  fragilis,  2  a ;  Babylonica,  647,  1  a 
(ill.,  646) ;  purpurea,  ib. ;  caprea,  ib. ;  lucida, 

1  c  (ill.,  646) ;  herbacea,  2  a  ;  pentandra,  ib., 
and  XII.  719,  2  b  ;  amygdalina  and  triandra, 

2  c ;  viminalis,  2  b  (ill.,  718). 

Salle,  Jean  Baptiste  de  la :  see  La  Salle. 
Sallet,  Friedrich  von  [sal-la'],  German  poet, 
XIV.  566. 

Sallow,  XVI.  645,  1  b  (Willow). 

Sallust,  Eoman  historian,  XIV.  566  ;  X.  195, 
1  ab.  Life  of  Catiline,  IV.  121,  1  c.  His¬ 
tory  of  the  Jugurthine  war,  IX.  709,  1  b. 
Salman :  see  Nisroch  (Index). 

Salmantica :  see  Salamanca,  XIV.  557,  1  b. 
Salmasius,  Claudius,  French  scholar,  XIV.  567. 
Sal' mo  (ichthyology),  XIV.  567,  1  c;  XVI. 
8,  1  be.  S.  salmo  (S.  salar),  XIV.  567,  2  c ; 
hamatus,  569,  2  b ;  huco,  2  c ;  Eossii,  570, 1  a. 
S.  trutta,  XVI.  8,  1  c ;  immaculatus,  2  a ; 
fontinalis,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  umbla,  2  c ;  oquassa, 
ib. ;  amethystus,  9,  1  ab;  Alpinus,  II.  550,  1  c. 
Salmon  [sam'-un],  fish,  XIV.  567.  Salmon 
and  trout,  2  a.  Common  salmon,  2  c  (ill., 
568)  ;  young  of,  568,  1  c  (ills.)  ;  fisheries  of, 
569,  1  ab ;  artificial  breeding  of,  2  a,  VII. 
219,  2  ab.  Other  species,  XIV.  569,  2  b. — 
Salmon  king,  weight  of,  VII.  232,  1  c.  White 
salmon,  II.  369,  1  c. 

Salmon  City ,  county  seat,  X.  335,  1  a. 

Salmon  Falls  river :  see  Piscataqua. 

“  Salmoniaf  book,  V.  720,  2  ab. 

Salmon  river,  Idaho,  IX.  166,  2  be. 


666 


SALMON 


SALYERS  VILLE 


Salmon  Trout  :  see  Trout. 

Salnaye  [sal-nav] :  see  Hayti,  VIII.  553,  1  b, 
and  VII.  659,  1  ab. 

Salo,  Gasparo  da  [sa'-lo],  Italian  violin  maker, 

XIV.  570. 

Salomon ,  musical  director,  VIII.  541,  2  a,  ff. 
Salomon  Islands  :  see  Solomon  Islands. 
Salona,  Roman  capital  of  Dalmatia,  XIV.  570 ; 

XV.  225,  2  a. 

Salonica,  or  Saloniki  [sa-lo-ne'-ka,  -ke],  town 
of  Turkey,  XIV.  570. 

Saloop ',  a  refreshing  drink,  XIV.  637,  2  b. 
Sal'op  :  see  Shropshire. 

Salpce,  molluscoids,  XI.  724,  2  b. 

Sal  prunelle,  XII.  462,  1  ab  (Nitrates). 
Salseparine  [sal-sep'-a-rin],  XIV.  635,  2  b. 
Salsette',  island,  India,  XIV.  570.  Temple 
of,  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Salsify  :  see  Oyster  Plant. 

Salsola  soda  (botany),  II.  5 1 1 , 2  ab ;  XV.  1 50, 1  a. 
Salt,  XIV.  571.  Ancient  mines  and  springs, 
1  a.  Origin,  1  b.  Crystallization,  1  c.  Com¬ 
position,  2  be  (table,  572).  Geological  dis¬ 
tribution,  573,  1  a.  Geographical  distribu¬ 
tion,  1  b ;  in  Europe,  1  c ;  in  Asia  and  Africa, 
574,  2  c ;  in  South  America,  575,  1  b  ;  in 
Central  America,  2  c ;  in  British  North 
America,  576, 1  a ;  in  the  United  States,  1  b. 
Manufacture  of,  578,  1  b ;  graduation,  1  c ; 
kettle  process,  579,  2  a ;  pan  process,  2  be ; 
steam  process,  2  c.  Uses  and  statistics, 
580,  1  ab. 

Salt ,  so  styled,  at  Eton  montem,  VI.  764, 1  b. 
Salt ,  Mr.  (Henry,  author  of  works  of  travel, 
died  in  Egypt  1827),  first  English  represen¬ 
tative  to  Abyssinia,  I.  46,  2  ab. 

Salta  [sal'-ta],  province  of  the  Argentine  Re¬ 
public,  XIV.  580.  Capital,  2  c. 

Salt  bluffs,  in  Nevada,  XII.  265,  1  a. 

Salt-cake  process ,  in  soda  manufacture,  XV. 
150,  1  b. 

Salt  hay ,  VIII.  169,  1  c. 

Saltier  [sal'-teer],  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a. 

Per  saltier,  671,  2  c.  (See  plate.) 

Saltillo  [sal-te'-lyo],  city  of  Mexico,  XIV.  581. 
Salt  Lake,  county  of  Utah,  XIV.  581. 

Salt  lake,  Great :  see  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Salt  Lake  City,  capital  of  Utah,  XIV.  581 
(view). 

Salt  Lake  Diggers,  Indian  tribe,  XV.  6,  2  b. 
Salt  Lick  creek ,  Kentucky,  XIV.  577,  1  c. 

Salt  licks,  of  Kentucky,  XIV.  577,  1  c ;  IX. 
799,  1  b. 

Salt-marsh  hay,  XIV.  471,  2  ab. 


Salto  Grande  [sal '-to  gran'-da],  cataract  in  the 
Parana,  XIII.  72,  1  ab. 

Saltpetre  :  see  Nitrates,  XII.  461,  2  c.  Salt* 
petre  plantations,  462,  2  a.  Manufacture 
of,  1  c ;  by  a  new  process,  VIII.  545,  1  ab. 

Salt  pickle,  XIV.  579,  2  a. 

Salt  plains,  of  Bolivia,  III.  12,  2  c. 

Salt  Point  (Syracuse,  N.  Y.),  XV.  544,  2  a. 

Salt  of  Seignette :  see  Rochelle  Salt. 

Salts,  in  chemistry,  XIV.  582 ;  XII.  768,  1  a, 
475, 1  a.  Theories  respecting,  XIV.  582,  2  a. 
Neutral  salts,  583,  1  c.  Acid  salts,  2  b.  Ba¬ 
sic  salts,  2  c.  Double  salts,  584,  1  a ;  XII. 
475, 1  a.  Electro-positive  constituents  of,l  b; 
electro-negative,  ib.  Haloid  salts,  476,  2  b; 
haloid  and  oxygen  salts,  XI.  421,  1  c.  Salts 
of  aluminum,  I.  368,  2  c.  Salts  of  silver 
affected  by  sunlight,  771,  1  be.  Ferric  salt, 
XV.  754,  1  b. 

Saltus  publici,  in  Roman  law,  I.  192,  1  c. 

Salt  water,  from  artesian  wells,  I.  592,  2  b. 

Salt-water  perch :  see  Wrasse. 

Saltzburg  :  see  Salzburg. 

Saluda,  county  seat,  XI.  524,  2  c. 

Salus,  Sabine  goddess  of  health,  IX.  130,  2  ab. 

Salutation,  XIV.  585.  Verbal  expressions  of 
greeting,  1  a.  Formal  acts  of  salutation,  1  c. 
Military,  2  c. 

Saluzzo  [sa-loot'-so],  Piedmont,  XIV.  585. 

Salvd,  Don  Francisco  [sal-va'],  telegraph  of, 
XV.  610,  1  ab. 

Salvador,  San,  country:  see  San  Salvador. 

Salvador,  Joseph,  French  historian,  XIV.  586. 

Salvador  a' 'cece  (botany),  XII.  106,  2  b. 

Salvadora  Lndica  (botany),  XII.  106,  2  b. 

Salvage,  XIV.  586.  Salvage  services,  who 
can  perform  them,  1  c  ;  when  possible,  2  c ; 
when  not  admitted  as  such,  587, 1  be.  Sub¬ 
jects  of  salvage,  1  ab.  Forfeiture  of,  1  c. 
Military  salvage,  2  ab.  Right  of  insurers, 
IX.  319,  1  ab. 

Salvandy,  Narcisse  Achille  de,  count  [sal- 
vang-de],  French  author,  XIV.  587. 

Salva'tor  (zoology),  XI.  749,  1  c. 

Salvator  Rosa  [sal-va'-tor] :  see  Rosa. 

Salvi,  Giambattista :  see  Sassoferrato. 

Salvia  :  see  Sage,  XIV.  518, 1  c,  519, 1  a.  S.  of¬ 
ficinalis,  518, 1  c  (ill.) ;  tricolor,  2  be ;  sclarea, 
2  c;  splendens,  519,  1  a;  fulgens,  coccinea, 
patens,  and  argentea,  1  ab ;  azurea,  Pitcheri, 
and  farinosa,  1  b. 

Salvini,  Tommaso  [sal-ve'-ne],  Italian  actor, 
XIV.  587. 

Salyersville,  county  seat,  XI.  22,  1  b. 


SALZACII 


SAND 


667 


SALZAcn  [zalts'-akli],  or  Salza,  river :  see  Salz¬ 
burg,  XIV.  588,  1  a. 

Salzburg  [sawlts'-burg ;  Ger.  zalts'-boorg], 
duchy  of  Austria,  XIV.  588.  History,  1  b. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Salzwedel ,  marie  o/[zalts'-va-del],  III.  209,  2  ab. 

Samana  [sa-ma-na/],  bay  and  peninsula  of :  see 
Santo  Domingo,  XIV.  622, 1  b,  624, 1  a,  ab ; 
Baez,  II.  214,  1  b. 

Samani  [sa-ma'-ne],  Persian  family  of,  XIII. 
323,  1  c. 

Samar  [sa'-mar] :  see  Philippine  Islands,  XIII. 
417,  2  a. 

Samara  [sa-ma-ra/J,  government  of  Russia, 
XIV.  588.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Samarang',  province  of  Java,  XIV.  588.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  c. 

Samarcand',  city  of  Asia,  XIV.  588. 

Sama'ria,  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  XIV.  589. 

Samaritan  Pentateuch ,  XIV.  590, 1  ab.  Manu¬ 
script  copy  of  (Samaritan  Codex):  see  Na¬ 
blus.  Hebrew  text  of  the  Pentateuch,  1  b. 

Samaritans,  XIV.  589 ;  XV.  546,  2  be ;  VIII. 
589,  1  c. 

Samarobri'va ,  ancient  town,  I.  425,  2  a. 

Sambaquis  [sang-ba'-kees],  Brazilian  shell 
mounds,  III.  222,  2  a. 

Sambenito  [sam-ba-ne'-to],  habit  of  the  inqui¬ 
sition  penitents,  IX.  294,  2  c ;  295,  1  b. 

Sarnboo ,  Asiatic  deer,  V.  757,  2  a,  c. 

Sambre  [sangbr’],  river,  II.  488, 1  c ;  XII.  480,  2  b. 

Sambu'cus  (botany),  VI.  495,  1  c.  S.  Canaden¬ 
sis,  ib.  (ill.) ;  laciniata,  2  b  (ill.) ;  pubens,  2  c. 

Samcocolo ,  town  of  Bondoo,  III.  57,  2  be. 

Sa'me  :  see  Cephalonia,  IV.  206,  1  c. 

Samian  ware ,  pottery,  XIII.  780,  2  b. 

Samian  wine ,  VIII.  217,  1  ab. 

Samiel:  see  Simoom. 

Samisen ,  musical  instrument,  IX.  537,  1  be. 

Samlingsbanke ,  hill  of,  X.  39,  1  b  (Kolding). 

Sammicheli  [sam-me-ka'-le],  (Michele,  1484- 
1549),  engineering  works  of,  XVI.  322,  2  ab; 
X.  320,  2  b  (San  Micheli).  Architectural 
works,  XVI.  323, 1  a. 

Sammied ,  in  tanning,  X.  275,  1  c. 

Sammuramit ,  Assyrian  queen,  XIV.  760, 1  a,  b. 

Samnites,  Italic  race,  IX.  439,  2  be. 

Samnitewars:  see  Rome  (Index). 

Samnium,  division  of  ancient  Italy,  XIV.  590. 

Samo'an  Islands,  in  the  S.  Pacific,  XIV.  590. 

Samogitia :  see  Kovno,  X.  54,  1  ab. 

Samogitian  dialect,  referred  to,  X.  374,  1  b. 

Samos :  see  Cephalonia. 

Samos,  island,  XIV.  592.  Prince  of,  2  b. 


Samos’ata  (ancient  capital  of  Comraagene,  Sy¬ 
ria,  on  the  Euphrates),  Paul  of:  see  Paul, 
of  Samosata. 

Samothra'oe,  island,  XIV:  592. 

Samoyeds',  nomadic  people  of  Russia,  XIV. 

592 ;  XVI.  42,  1  b. 

Samp :  see  Maize,  XI.  43,  2  c. 

Sampfen  wood,  III.  233,  1  a  (Brazil  Wood). 
Samphire,  plant,  XIV.  593  (ill.).  Marsh  sam¬ 
phire,  2  a  (ill.). 

Sampson,  county,  XIV.  593. 

Sam  Slick,  nom  de  plume,  VIII.  391,  2  c. 
Samson,  judge  of  Israel,  XIV.  593. 

Samson,  George  Whitfield,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XIV.  594. 

Samson,  Joseph  Isidore  [sang-song],  French  actor, 
XIV.  594. 

Samsun  [sam-soon'J :  see  Mycale. 

Samuel,  Hebrew  prophet,  XIV.  594. 

Samuel,  Books  of,  XIV.  594. 

Samuel ,  king  of  Bulgaria,  II.  362,  1  a. 

Samurai  [sa-moo-rf],  Japanese  gentry,  IX.  545, 
1  b ;  546,  2  a. 

Sana  [sa-na/],  city  of  Arabia,  XIV.  594. 

San  Andreas,  county  town,  III.  567,  1  c. 

San  Antonio,  city  of  Texas,  XIV.  595. 

San  Antonio  River,  XIV.  595. 

San  Augustine,  county,  XIV.  595.  Capital,  2  b. 
San  Benito  [ba-ne'-to],  county,  XIV.  595. 
Capital,  2  c. 

San  Bernardino  [ber-nar-de'-no],  county,  XIV. 
595.  Capital  town,  596,  1  a.  Mount,  ib. ; 
III.  599,  2  b. 

San  Buenaventura  [bwa-na-ven-too'-ra],  county 
seat,  XVI.  302,  1  a. 

San'cho  the  Strong,  of  Castile,  I.  290,  la;  X. 
81,  1  ab,  be,  c. 

Sanchoniathon :  see  Sanchuniathon. 
Sanohuniathon  [san-koo-nT-a-thon],  reputed 
author,  XIV.  596. 

Sanci  diamond ,  referred  to,  IV.  311,  1  a. 

San  Clemente  de  la  Nueva  Sevilla :  see  Salta, 
XIV.  580,  2  c. 

San  Cristobal,  capital  of  Chiapas,  XIV.  596. 
Sancroft,  William,  English  prelate,  XIV.  596. 
Sancta  sanctorum,  in  the  church  of  the  Later  an, 
X.  183,  1  a. 

Sanct-Ingbert :  see  Ingbert. 

Sanctuary  :  see  Asylum. 

Sanctuary,  of  the  tabernacle,  XV.  550,  2  c. 
Sand,  facing,  in  casting  moulds,  IV.  76,  1  b. 
Sand,  George  [sang] :  see  Dudeyant. 

Sand,  Karl  [zant],  German  political  fanatic, 
XIV.  596. 


668 


SANDAL 


SAN  JACINTO 


Sandal:  see  Shoe,  XIV.  873,  1  b. 

Sandal  Wood,  XIV.  596  (ill.).  Red  sandal 
wood,  597,  1  c. 

Sand  tear  (Indian  badger),  II.  213,  1  b. 

Sand  Blast,  XIV.  597.  In  rock  blasting,  II. 
697,  2  b. 

Sand  Crab  :  see  Crab,  V.  450,  1  a. 

Sandeau,  Leonard  Sylvain  Jules  [sang-do], 
French  author,  XIV.  597. 

Sand  Eel  :  see  Eel,  VI.  447,  2  c. 

Sandeman ,  Robert:  see  Sandemanians,  XIV. 
598,  1  a. 

Sandemanians,  religious  sect,  XIV.  597. 
Sanderling,  bird,  XIV.  598  (ill.). 

Sanderson ,  county  seat,  II.  228,  1  c. 
Sandersville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  474,  1  b. 

Sand  flea:  see  Chigo. 

Sand  fly :  see  Black  Fly. 

Sand  glass ,  for  measuring  time,  IV.  695,  2  b. 
Sand  Grouse  :  see  Grouse,  VIII.  272,  1  be. 
Sand  gulfs ,  in  central  Arabia,  I.  619,  1  b. 
Sandhurst,  city  of  Australia,  XIV.  598. 

San  Diego  [de-a'-go],  county,  XIV.  598. 

San  Diego,  city  of  California,  XIV.  599. 
Sandiver,  in  glass  making,  VIII.  14,  1  a. 

Sand  Launce  :  see  Eel,  VI.  448,  1  a. 

Sand  Martin  :  see  Swallow,  XV.  499,  2  ab. 
San  Domingo  :  see  Santo  Domingo. 

Sandomir  (town  of  Poland,  on  the  Vistula), 
synod  of,  referred  to,  XIV.  248,  2  c. 
Sando'val,  Prudencio  de,  Spanish  historian, 

XIV.  599. 

Sandpiper,  bird,  XIV.  599.  Purple,  2  a;  red- 
backed,  2  ab;  least,  2  c  (ill.).  Bartram’s 
sandpiper,  XIII.  619,  1  c.  Bird  so  called, 

XV.  583,  1  be. 

San  Donato ,  prince  of  V.  792, 1  ab  (Demidoff). 
Sandracothus ,  king  of  Maghada,  IX.  207,  1  be. 
Sandrart,  Joachim  von,  German  painter, 
XIV.  599. 

Sands,  Robert  Charles,  American  author, 
XIV.  600. 

Sands ,  the ,  a  market  place,  VI.  309,  2  c. 

Sand  sea ,  plain,  VIII.  60,  2  a  (Gobi). 

Sand  star ,  star  fish,  XII.  644,  1  a. 

Sandstone,  rock,  XIV.  600 ;  V.  240,  2  a. 
Lower,  X.  252,  1  b ;  upper,  or  St.  Peter’s, 
1  c.  Old  red  sandstone,  VII.  697,  1  a ;  new 
red,  1  c. 

Sand  storms ,  in  the  Sahara,  I.  165,  1  be,  2  a. 
Sandusky,  county,  XIV.  600. 

Sandusky,  city  of  Ohio,  XIV.  601. 

Sandusky  river ,  VI.  713,  1  a;  XIV.  600,  2  c. 
Bay,  601,  1  ab. 


Sand  Wasp,  XIV.  601. 

Sandwich,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XIV.  601. 
Sandwich ,  county  seat,  VI.  735,  1  c. 

Sandwich  Islands  :  see  Hawaiian  Islands. 
Sandwirth  [zant'-veert] :  see  IIofer,  VIII.  753, 
2  b. 

Sandy  Hill ,  county  seat,  XVI.  473,  1  c. 

Sandy  Hook ,  New  York  bay,  XII.  384,  1  ab. 
(See  map.) 

Sandy  Hook ,  county  seat,  VI.  545,  1  b. 

Sandy  river,  Big ,  Kentucky,  IX.  798,  1  c. 
Sandys,  Sir  Edwin,  English  statesman,  XIV. 

601.  George,  poet,  2  c. 

San  Felipe  de  Austria  [san  fa-le'-pa  da  ows'- 
tre-a],  (Oruro),  XII.  713,  2  b. 

San  Felipe  de  Lerma  [lair'-ma],  (Salta),  XIV. 
580,  2  c. 

San  Fernando,  city  of  Spain,  XIV.  602. 

San  Fernando ,  citadel  or  castle  of,  VII.  184, 1  b. 
Sanford,  county,  XIV.  602. 

San  Francisco,  city  of  California,  XIV.  602. 
Description,  1  c ;  city  hall,  603, 1  a  (ill.).  Pop¬ 
ulation,  1  c.  Intercommunication,  2  c.  Busi¬ 
ness,  604,  1  a.  Government,  &c.,  2  a.  His¬ 
tory,  2  c.  Fires  in,  605,  2  be ;  V.  237,  1  c ; 
III.  613,  2  a.  Vigilance  committees  in,  III. 
613,  1  be. 

San  Francisco  Bay,  XIV.  605.  Discovery  of, 
III.  612,  2  be. 

San  Francisco  de  Asis  [da  a-seece'],  mission  of, 

XIV.  604,  2  c. 

San'gamon,  county,  XIV.  605. 

San  Giovanni  in  Fonte  [jo-van'-ne  in  fon'-ta], 
baptistery  or  church  of,  Rome,  X.  183,  2  ab. 
Sanglier  [sang'-gle-er ;  Fr.  sang-gle-a],  II.  764, 
2  a  (Boar). 

Sanq-de-rate  [sang- duh-rat],  disease  of  sheep, 
XII.  60,  2  c. 

San  greal  [sang  gra-al] :  see  Graal. 
Sanguinaria:  see  Bloodroot,  II.  738, 2  be  (ill.). 
Sanguinaria ,  alkaloid,  VIII.  544,  2  a. 
Sanguinarine  [sang-gwin'-a-rin],  alkaline  prin¬ 
ciple,  II.  739,  1  c. 

Sanguis'uga  (zoology),  X.  310,  1  a.  S.  medi- 
cinalis  or  officinalis,  2  ab  (ill.). 

San'hedrim,  Jewish  supreme  council,  XIV.  605. 
Sanic'ula  Canadensis ,  S.  Harilandica  (botany), 

XV.  131,  1  ab. 

San'ilac,  county,  XIV.  606. 

San  Ildefonso :  see  La  Granja.  League  of, 
XV.  213,  1  be. 

San  Jacinto,  river  of  Texas,  XIV.  606.  Bat* 
tie  of,  1  be;  IX.  16,  2  c;  XV.  678,  1  be. 

San  Jacinto,  county,  XIV.  606. 


SANJAK 


SANTA 


069 


Sanjak ,  political  division  in  Turkey,  XYI.  59, 
1  c.  See  Vilayet. 

Sanjakbeg ,  Turkish  officer,  XIV.  662,  2  c. 

San  Joaquin  [kwa-keen'j,  river  of  California, 
XIV.  606. 

San  Joaquin,  county,  XIV.  606. 

San  Josk  [ho-sa'],  city  of  California,  XIV.  606. 
San  Jose,  capital  of  Costa  Rica,  XIV.  607. 

San  Juan  [liwan],  island,  Washington  territory, 
XIV.  607. 

San  Juan ,  island :  see  Guajian. 

San  Juan  de  la  Fr outer a  [san  kkwan  da  la  frone- 
ta'-ra] :  see  Chachapoyas. 

San  Juan  de  Nioaeagua,  port,  XIV.  607 ;  XII. 

421,  1  c,  424,  2  ab,  425,  2  ab. 

San  Juan  del  Norte  [dail  nore'-ta]:  see  San 
Juan  de  Nicaragua  (Index). 

San  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico,  city,  XIV.  608. 
San  Juan  district ,  Rocky  mountains,  XIV. 
377,  2  b. 

San  Juan  River  :  see  Nicaragua,  XII.  421,  2  a. 
San  Julian  de  Peyrero,  knights  of,  I.  260,  1  a. 
Sdnkhya  [san'-kya],  Hindoo  system  of  philoso¬ 
phy,  IX.  227,  2  b,  c.  Kapila’s,  228,  1  a. 

San  Lazaro  [san  la'-tsa-ro],  Venetian  island, 
Armenian  monastery  upon,  XI.  364,  2  b ; 
XVI.  297,  2  c. 

San  Leandro ,  county  seat,  I.  236,  1  b. 

San  Lucar  de  Barrameda  [san  loo'-kar  da  bar- 
ra-ma'-£Aa],  city  of.  Spain,  XIV.  608. 

San  Luis  [loo-eece'],  province  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  XIV.  608.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

San  Luis  Obispo,  county,  XI V. 608.  Capital, 2b. 
San  Luis  park,  Colorado,  V.  101,  1  b ;  XIV. 

377,  2  a,  380,  1  b  (valley). 

San  Luis  Potosi  [po-to-se'],  state  of  Mexico, 
XIV.  608.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

San  Luis  de  la  Junta  [da  la  poon'-ta]:  see 
San  Luis,  XIV.  608,  2  a. 

San  Luiz  de  Maranhdo  [san  loo-eece'  da  ma-ra- 
nyowDg'],  city,  XI.  143,  1  c. 

San  Marco ,  fortress,  St.  Augustine,  XIV.525, 1  b. 
San  Marcos  [-koce],  county  seat,  VIII.  548,  1  b. 
San  Marino  [ma-re'-no],  republic  of  Italy,  XIV. 

608.  Capital,  609,  1  a.  Referred  to,  IX. 
451,  2  ab. 

San  Martin  [mar-teen'],  volcano,  XI.  466, 1  ab. 
San  Martin,  Jose  de,  Argentine  general,  XIV. 

609. 

San  Martini  [mar-te'-ne],  Italian  composer, 
VIII.  542,  2  be. 

SanMartino,~Este,  leaning  belfry  of,  VI.  739,1c. 
San  Mateo  [ma-ta'-o],  county,  XIV.  609. 

San  Mateo  del  Pilon :  see  Morelos,  XI.  825,  2  c. 


San  Michele  [me-ka'-la],  hospital  of,  XII.  579,  2  c. 
San  Micheli,  architect :  see  Sammicheli  (Index). 
San  Miguel  [me-ghel'],  county,  XIV.  609. 

San  Miguel  [me-gaiT],  city  of  San  Salvador, 
XIV.  609. 

San  Miguel ,  city :  see  Piura,  XIII.  557,  2  c. 
San  Miguel,  Evariste,  duke  de,  Spanish  gen¬ 
eral,  XIV.  609. 

Sannazaro,  Jacopo  [san-na'-dza-ro],  Italian 
poet,  XIV.  609. 

San  Pablo  bay,  California,  XIV.  605,  2  b. 

San  Patricio  [pa-tre'-se-o],  county,  XIV.  609. 
Capital,  2  c. 

San  Pete  [pa'-ta],  county,  XIV.  609. 

San  Petronio,  basilica  of,  Bologna,  III.  18,  1  c. 
Sanquhar  declaration  [san'-kwar],  III.  656,  1  c 
(Cameronians). 

San  Rafael,  county  seat,  XI.  167,  1  c. 

San  Remo  [ra'-mo],  town  of  Italy,  XIV.  610. 
San  Roque  [ro'-ka],  city  of  Spain,  XIV.  610. 
San  SABA[sa'-ba], county, XIV. 610.  Capital,  1  b. 
San  Salvador'  [Sp.  sal-va-^ore'J,  republic  of 
Central  America,  XIV.  610.  History,  611, 

1  a.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

San  Salvador,  island,  Bahamas,  XIV.  611. 
San  Salvador,  city  of  Brazil :  see  Bahia. 
Sansam ,  mixed  oriental  race,  XI.  59,  2  a. 
Sansara  [san-sa'-ra],  in  Buddhism,  III.  398,  2  ab. 
Samculottides  [sa^-kii-lut-teed],  in  the  French 
revolutionary  calendar,  III.  580,  1  c. 

San  Sebastian  [sa-bas-te-an'] :  see  Saint  Se¬ 
bastian. 

Sanskrit,  literary  language  of  the  Hindoos, 
XIV.  611.  Written  character,  612, 1  b.  Eu¬ 
phonic  rules,  2  a.  Accents,  2  b.  Grammar, 

2  be,  615,  1  b.  Metre,  614,  1  a.  Literature, 
1  ab.  Sanskrit  grammars,  615,  2  b.  Diction¬ 
aries,  2  be. 

Sanskrit  college,  in  Benares,  II.  515,  1  a. 
Sanson,  Nicolas  [sang-song],  French  geographer, 
XIV.  616. 

San  Stefano  [sta'-fa-no],  church  of,  Bologna, 
III.  18,  1  c. 

Santa  Ana  [san'-ta  &'-nya],  county,  XIV.  616. 
Santa  Ana  de  Tamaulipas :  see  Tampico. 
Santa  Anna,  island :  see  Bananal. 

Santa  Anna,  Antonio  Lopez  de,  Mexican  gen¬ 
eral,  XIV.  616  ;  I.  235,  2c;  IX.  16,  2  c  ;  XI. 
477,  1  c,  2  be,  c,  478,  1  be,  479,  2  a ;  XV. 
677,  2  b,  be,  678,  1  ab,  c,  2  b.  (Died  1876.) 
Santa  Barbara,  county,  XIV.  617.  Capital, 1  c. 
Santa  Barbara,  island  of  Brazil,  III.  218,  1  c. 
Santa  Catharina  [ka-ta-re'-na],  province  of 
Brazil,  XIV.  617.  Capital:  see  Desterro. 


670 


SANTA 


SAPIENZA 


Santa  Clara,  county,  XIY.  617. 

Santa  Clara  College  :  see  San  Jose. 

Santa  Claus :  see  Christmas,  IY.  552,  1  b. 
Santa  Croce  [kro'-cha],  churcb  of,  in  Florence, 
YII.  275,  2  c. 

Santa  Crijz  [krooss],  county,  XIY.  617. 

Santa  Cruz ,  county  seat,  XIY.  618,  1  a. 

Santa  Cruz,  island,  West  Indies,  XIY.  618. 
Santa  Cruz,  capital  of  the  Canary  islands, 
XIY.  618. 

Santa  Fe  [fa],  Argentine  province,  XIY.  618. 
Santa  Fe,  county,  XIY.  618. 

Santa  Fe,  capital  of  New  Mexico,  XIY.  618 
(ill.). 

Santa  Fe  de  Bogota  :  see  Bogota. 

Santal ,  tribe  in  India,  IX.  214,  2  c. 

Santal'ic  acid ,  XIY.  597,  2  a. 

Santaline  [san'-ta-lin] :  see  Santalic  «ci7Z(Index). 
San'talum  (botany),  XIY.  596,  2  be.  S.  al¬ 
bum,  2  c  (ill.). 

Santa  Maria  [ma-re'-a],  city  of  Spain,  XIY. 

619. 

Santa  Maria  de  la  Almudena  [da  la  al-moo- 
£Aa'-na],  church  in  Madrid,  X.  835,  1  c. 
Santa  Maria  del  Fiore  [fe-o'-ra],  duomo  of 
Florence,  YII.  275,  1  ab. 

Santa  Maria  Maggiore  [mad-jo'-ra],  church  of, 
in  Bergamo,  II.  555,  1  b ;  in  Rome,  XIY. 
414,  2  a. 

Santa  Maria  Matricolare  [ma-tre-ko-la'-ra], 
cathedral  of,  Yerona,  XYI.  322,  2  be. 

Santa  Marta,  city  of  Colombia,  XIY.  619. 
Santa  Maura  [mow'-ra],  island,  XIY.  619. 
Santana ,  Pedro  [san-ta'-na],  president  of  Santo 
Domingo,  XIY.  623,  2  ab,  ff.  (Died  1864.) 
Santan'der  [Sp.  san-tan-£Mir'],  province  of 
Spain,  XIY.  619.  Capital  city,  620,  1  a. 
Santander  (Francisco  de  Paula  de,  1782-1840), 
S.  American  patriot,  III.  8,  2  b,  c ;  9,  1  a, 
be,  c,  2  c ;  Y.  89,  1  a. 

Santarem  [sang-ta-reug/],  town  of  Portugal, 
XIY.  620  ;  I.  297,  1  c. 

Santa  Rosa,  county,  XIY.  620. 

Santa  Rosa ,  county  seat,  XY.  165,  1  a. 

Santa  scala ,  in  the  Lateran,  X.  182,  2  c. 
Santee',  river  of  South  Carolina,  XIY.  620. 
Santerre,  Antoine  Joseph  [sang-tair],  French 
revolutionist,  XIY.  620. 

Santiago  [san-te-a'-go],  province  of  Chili,  XIY. 

620.  Capital  of  the  province  and  of  Chili,  2  b. 
Santiago,  Argentine  province,  XIY.  621. 
Santiago  de  Compostela  [da  kome-poce-ta'- 

la],  city  of  Spain,  XIY.  621. 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  city  of  Cuba,  XIY.  621. 


Santiago  de  Leon  de  Cardcas ,  city,  III.  765, 1  c. 

Santiago  delEstero :  see  Santiago,  XIY.621,1  b. 

Santiago  del  Nuevo  Extremo ,  city,  XIY.  621, 1  b. 

Santiago  de  los  Caballeros  [da  loce  ka-ba- 
lya'-roce],  city  of  Santo  Domingo,  XIY.  621. 
First  name  of  Old  Guatemala,  YIII.  292,  1  b. 

Santillana,  Marquis  de  [san-te-lya'-na] :  see 
Mendoza. 

Santo  Domingo,  republic,  West  Indies,  XIY. 
622.  Physical  features :  see  Hayti.  Boun¬ 
daries  and  extent,  1  ab.  Harbors  and  bays,  1  b. 
Soil  and  productions,  1  be.  Fauna,  1  c.  Min¬ 
erals,  2  a.  Climate,  2  b.  Population,  2  be. 
Religion,  623,  1  a.  Education,  1  ab.  Com¬ 
merce,  1  b.  Government,  1  be.  Army  and 
navy,  2  ab.  History,  ib.  Proposed  annexa¬ 
tion  to  the  United  States,  624,  1  ab ;  YIII. 
160,  1  b. 

Santo  Domingo-,  city,  XIY.  624.  Cathedral, 
2  a  (ill.).  History,  2  b. 

Santones  [san'-to-neez] :  see  Saintes. 

Santonine  [san'-to-nin],  drug,  XYI.  731,  1  ab ; 
YI.  670,  2  b. 

Santorin  :  see  Thera.  Wine,  YIII.  217,  1  a. 

Santorini,  Giovanni  Domenico  [san-to-re'-ne], 
Italian  anatomist,  XIY.  624.  Cartilages  of, 2  c. 

San  Vitale ,  Eleonora  [ve-ta'-la],  referred  to, 
YI.  517,  2  c. 

San  Zenone ,  church  of,  in  Yerona,  XYI.  322,  2  c. 

Sanzio ,  Raffaelle  [san'-tse-o] :  see  Raphael. 

Sdo  Felipe  de  Benguela  [sowng  fa-le'-pa  da  ben- 
ga'-la],  capital  city,  II.  527,  1  b. 

Sio  Francisco,  river  :  see  Brazil,  III.  220, 1  c. 

Saonchiogwa ,  Indian  chief,  IY.  161,  2  a. 

Saone  [soan],  river  of  France,  XIY.  625. 

Saone,  Haute  :  see  IIaute-Saone. 

SAONE-ET-LoiRE[-a-l  war],  department, XIY.  625. 

Sao  Paulo  [sowng  pow'-lo],  province  of  Brazil, 
XIY.  625.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Sao  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  [sowng  pa- 
dro  do  re'-o  gran'-da  do  sool],  province  of 
Brazil,  XIY.  625.  City,  626,  1  a. 

Sap:  see  Plant,  XIII.  582,  2  be  (movement 
of  liquids) ;  Fuel,  YII.  515,  2  c.  Circula¬ 
tion  of,  in  plants,  I.  194,  2  ab.  Crude  sap, 
XIII.  575,  1  c ;  582,  1  ab.  Green  sap  (pig¬ 
ment),  III.  390,  2  be. 

Sap ,  in  a  siege,  XY.  29,  2  b. 

Sapajou  [sap'-a-joo] :  see  Monkey,  XI.  750,  2  c. 
Horned,  751,  1  be. 

Sapan  Wood,  adyewood,  XIY.626 ;  III.  232,2  c. 

Saphra ,  in  Jewish  literature,  YIII.  595,  1  a. 

Sapienza ,  college  of  [sa-pe-en'-dza],  (university 
of  Rome,  so  named  from  its  inscription, 


- 


SAPINDUS 


SARGENT 


671 


Initium  sapientice  timor  Domini ),  I.  280,  2  b  ; 
XVI.  210,  2  c.  See  X.  347,  1  c. 

Sapindus  saponaria  (botany),  XV.  138,  2  a. 
Saponaria  officinalis  (botany),  XV.  138,  2  a. 
Saponifiable  fats ,  II.  729,  2  a. 

Saponification ,  XV.  138,  2  c. 

Sapor  :  see  Persia,  XIII.  322,  2  b. 

Sappers ,  in  a  siege,  XV.  29,  2  b. 

Sappiiire  [saf'-fer,  or  saf'-fire],  precious  stone, 
XIV.  626.  Blue  sapphire,  2  a  ;  red,  or  ruby, 
2  ab;  violet,  627, 1  a.  Artificial  sapphires,  1  b. 
Sappiio  [saf'-fo],  Greek  poetess,  XIV.  627. 
Sappho ,  the  German ,  so  called,  IX.  770,  1  a. 
Saps ,  a  color,  VII.  185,  2  b. 

SapsucJcer ,  bird,  XVI.  709,  2  a. 

Saptin  river :  see  Snake  River. 

Saptins :  see  Sahaptins. 

Sapucaia ,  tree,  III.  223,  2  c.  Sapucaia  nuts,  ib. 
Sap  wood ,  of  a  tree,  XIII.  580, 1  be ;  1. 259, 1  b. 
Sar :  see  Czar,  V.  622,  2  a. 

Sarabdi'tce ,  ancient  ascetics,  XI.  729,  1  b. 
Saracen'ic  architecture ,  I.  661,  2  c. 

Saracens,  XIV.  627.  Rome  threatened  by, 
X.  346,  2  b.  Third  siege  of  Constantinople 
by,  350,  1  b.  Byzantine  empire  assailed  by, 
351,  1  b.  Pontifical  territory  invaded  by, 
II.  318,  1  be.  Conquest  of  Sardinia,  XIV. 
632,  2  b. 

Saracus,  Assyrian  king,  II.  36,  2  b  ;  XIV.  631, 
1  ab. 

Saragossa,  province  of  Spain,  XIV.  627.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  2  c.  Sieges  of,  628, 1  a ;  XII.  816,  2  c. 
Saragossa,  Maid  of :  see  Agustina. 

Sarah  Sands,  a  gold  nugget,  VIII.  73,  1  a. 
Sarahsville ,  county  seat,  XII.  471,  2  a. 
Sarafcatzanes ,  nomadic  tribe,  I.  55,  1  be. 
Saramaca  negroes  [sa-ra-ma'-ka],  XI.  184,  2  ab. 
Saranac '  river,  I.  121,  2  a ;  XIII.  605,  1  be. 
Sarapis :  see  Serapis. 

Sarasvati  [sa-ras-va'-te],  Hindoo  goddess,  IX. 

224,  2  b  ;  226,  2  a ;  230,  1  a. 

Saratoga,  county,  XIV.  628. 

Saratoga,  Battle  of,  XIV.  628.  Proposed 
monument,  629,  1  ab. 

Saratoga  Springs,  village  of  New  York,  XIV. 
629.  Number  and  names  of  springs,  1  b. 
History,  2  a.  Analyses,  XI.  593,  1  b. 
Saratov  [sa-ra'-tov],  government  of  Russia, 
XIV.  629.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Sarawak',  state  in  Borneo,  XIV.  629.  Physi¬ 
cal  features,  2  c.  Minerals  and  vegetation, 
630, 1  b.  Population,  ib.  History,  1  c;  III. 
317,  1  a.  Government,  XIV.  630,  2  a.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  ab. 


Sarazins ,  sarazinois  [sa-ra-zanf?,  -ze-na] :  see  Ta¬ 
pestry,  XV.  568,  1  c. 

Sarber,  county,  XIV.  630. 

Sarchedon,  Assyrian  king,  VI.  723,  1  c. 

Sar'code  :  see  Animalcules,  I.  514, 1  b  ;  Pro¬ 
toplasm,  XIV.  35, 1  b  ;  VII.  311, 1  c  ;  VIII. 
34,  2  ab. 

Sarcolactic  acid,  X.  88,  2  a. 

Sarcolemma  (anatomy),  XII.  67,  2  b. 

Sarco'ma,  kind  of  tumor,  XVI.  29,  2  a. 

Sarcoph'aga  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  be.  S. 
carnaria,  VII.  294,  2  c ;  XIV.  374,  1  c  (ill.). 
S.  mortuorum,  VII.  295,  1  ab.  S.  Georgina, 
ib.  S.  sarracenise,  XIII.  550,  2  c. 

Sarcopsylla  penetrans  (entomology),  IV.  422, 
1  ab  (ill.). 

Sarcop'tes  (epizoa),  VI.  695,  1  b.  S.  liominis, 
ib.,  1  c.  S.  scabiei,  IX.  469,  2  ab. 

Sarcoramphus  (ornithology),  V.  217,  1  a.  S. 
gryphus,  ib.  (ill.).  S.  papa,  218,  2  a. 

Sarcostemma  argel  (botany),  referred  to,  XIV. 
769,  2  a. 

Sard,  precious  stone,  XIV.  630. 

Sardanapa'lus,  Assyrian  king,  XIV.  630 ;  II. 
32,  2  c.  Of  Rome,  so  called,  VI.  484,  2  c. 

Sardari  [sar-da'-re],  pass,  Elburz  mountains, 
VI.  494,  2  b. 

Sar'des,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  XIV.  631. 

Sardi,  ancient  Sardinians,  XIV.  632,  2  b. 

Sarcliani,  sold  by  auction  at  the  Capitoline 
games,  III.  757,  1  b. 

Sardica,  ruins  of,  XV.  167,  2  a.  Council 
(synod)  of,  ib. ;  I.  700,  1  be. 

Sardic  sea,  part  of  the  Mediterranean,  XI. 
253,  2  c. 

Sardine  [sar-deen'],  fish,  XIV.  631.  See  Sil- 
verside,  XV.  57,  2  c ;  Sprat,  287,  1  be. 

Sardinia,  island,  XIV.  631.  Coast,  2  c.  Sur¬ 
face,  632,  1  ab.  Minerals,  1  b.  Soil  and 
productions,  ib.  Climate,  2  a.  History,  2  ab. 
Kingdom  of :  see  Sardinian  States. 

Sardinian  States,  XIV.  632.  Extent  and 
population,  633, 1  a.  Origin  and  history,  ib. 

Sardts  :  see  Sardes. 

Sardonyx ,  precious  stone,  XII.  641,  2  b.  Sea 
Sard. 

SARDou,Victorien,  French  dramatist,  XIV.  633- 

Saree :  see  Sari. 

Sargasso  Sea:  see  Atlantic  Ocean,  II.  79, 
1  b,  80,  1  a;  XII.  783,  1  b.  Accumulation 
of  seaweed  in,  IV.  729,  1  c. 

Sargassum  (botany),  I.  299,  2  a.  S.  bacciferum, 
S.  natans,  II.  79,  2  a. 

Sargent,  Epes,  American  author,  XIV.  633. 


672 


SARGENT 


SAUNDERS 


Sargent  and  Greenleafs  lock,  X.  565,  2  a. 
Sargon  :  see  Assyria,  II.  35,  1  b. 

Sargus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  839,  2  c.  S.  ovis, 
840,  1  a  (ill.). 

Sari  [sa-ree'J,  city  of  Persia,  XIV.  633. 

Sarissa ,  military  weapon,  I.  734,  2  b ;  740,  2  b. 
Sark ,  Channel  island,  IV.  261,  2  c. 

Sarkidiornis  (ornithology),  VIII.  104,  2  c. 
Sarmatia,  in  classical  geography,  XIV.  633. 

Sarmatians,  IX.  584,  2  c. 

Sarmatic  pass,  of  the  Caucasus,  IV.  133,  1  c. 
Sarmiento,  Domingo  Faustino  [sar-me-ain'-to], 
Argentine  statesman,  XIV.  634. 

Sarmiento,  Aft.,  VII.  549,  2  a;  XV.  749,  1  a. 

Sierra  de,  XIII.  154,  1  c. 

Sarnen,  league  of,  Swiss,  XV.  531,  2  c. 

Sarnia,  town  of  Canada,  XIV.  634. 

Sarno,  town  of  Italy,  XIV.  634. 

Saros  [sha'-rosli],  county  of  Hungary,  XIV.  634. 
Sarpfoss ,  cataract,  Norway,  VIII.  35,  1  b. 
Sarpi,  Paolo,  Italian  historian,  XIV.  634. 
Sarpy,  county,  XIV.  635. 

Sarracenia  (botany) :  see  Pitciier  Plants, 

XIII.  547,  2  ab.  S.  purpurea,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
548,  1  b,  2  ab.  Other  species,  2  be,  ff. 

Sarsaparilla,  drug,  XIV.  635.  Indian,  2  c. 

American  or  false,  ib.  German,  748,  1  a. 
Sartenilla  of  Andalusia  [sar-ta-ne'-lya],  VI. 
390,  2  a. 

Sarthe  [sart],  department  of  France,  XIV .  635. 
Sarti,  Giuseppe,  Italian  composer,  XIV.  636. 
Sarto,  Andrea  Vanucchi  del,  Italian  painter, 

XIV.  636. 

Sarts,  race,  IX.  820,  2  c  (according  to  Vam- 
bery)  ;  XVI.  67,  1  c,  239,  2  b  (more  cor¬ 
rectly,  according  to  Shaw  and  Schuyler). 
Sarum,  Old,  England,  XIV.  636.  New  Sarum, 
2  ab.  See  Salisbury. 

Sarum  use ,  prayer  book,  V.  153,  1  ab. 
Sarvarthasiddha  (Buddha),  III.  393,  2  a. 
Sarzana ,  Tommaso  da  [sar-dza'-na],  (Pope 
Nicholas  V.),  XII.  429,  2  b. 

Saskatchewan,  river  of  British  America,  XIV. 
636. 

Sassafras,  tree,  XIV.  637.  S.  officinale,  1  a  (ill.). 
Sassan'idze,  Persian  dynasty,  XIV.  638. 
Sassari  [sas'-sa-re],  province  of  Sardinia,  XIV. 

638.  Capital  city,  1  b, 

Sassia,  part  of  Rome,  X.  354,  1  be. 
Sassoferrato  [sas-so-fair-ra'-to],  (Giovanni 
Battista  Salvi),  Italian  painter,  XIV.  638. 
Sassoline  [sas'-so-lin],  native  boric  acid,  III.  96, 
1  a,  2  a. 

Sasteretsi :  see  Wyandots. 


Satan  :  see  Devil,  and  Lucifer. 

Satanael,  in  Bogomile  theology,  II.  361,  1  b. 
Satara :  see  Sattara. 

Satellite ,  secondary  planet :  see  Moon  ;  Jupi¬ 
ter,  IX.  719,  2  ab;  Neptune,  XII.  229,  1  b; 
Saturn,  XIV.  641,  1  ab;  Uranus,  XVI.  220, 
2  c ;  and  Mars  (Index). 

Satellite  machine,  kind  of  orrery,  XII.  711,  2  a. 
Satin  Bower  Bird  :  see  Bower  Bird. 

Satin  Spar,  mineral,  XIV.  638. 

Satin  Wood,  of  commerce,  XIV.  638;  1. 807, 1  a. 
Satsuma  [sat-soo'-ma],  province  of  Japan,  XIV . 

638.  Clan,  2  be.  See  Kagoshima. 

Sattalieh  [sat-ta'-le-eh] :  see  Adalia. 

Sattara  [sat-ta'-ra],  collectorate  of  Bombay, 

XIV.  639.  Capital,  1  c. 

Saturation,  of  a  vapor,  XVI.  265, 1  ab.  Tem¬ 
perature  of  saturation  under  given  pressure, 

XV.  326,  2  a. 

Saturday,  XIV.  639.  Holy,  VI.  374,  2  a. 
Saturn,  in  mythology,  XIV.  639. 

Saturn,  sixth  planet,  XIV.  639.  Discoveries 
respecting,  XII.  567,  2  a.  Triple  appear¬ 
ance  of,  discovered  by  Galileo,  VII.  567,  2  b. 
Discovery  of  his  ring,  IX.  97,  2  b.  Peirce’s 
theory  respecting  the  rings,  XIII.  228,  1  c. 
Saturnalia,  ancient  Italian  festival,  XIV.  641. 
Saturnia  (entomology),  XV.  45,  1  a.  S.  (Sa¬ 
rnia)  Cynthia,  1  ab,  b ;  Mylitta,  1  ab ;  Io, 
XI.  869,  1  c ;  Maia,  ib. 

Saturnia  (Italy),  IX.  449,  1  ab. 

Saturni'adoe  (entomology),  X.  869,  1  b. 
Sa'tyrs,  in  Greek  mythology,  XIV.  642. 

Sau  [zow],  river :  see  Save. 

Sauchieburn ,  battle  of,  II.  287,  2  c ;  IX.  515, 2  ab. 
Sauco'na,  river  :  see  Saone. 

Sauk,  county,  XIV.  642. 

Sauk  Rapids,  county  seat,  II.  542,  1  b. 

Sauks :  see  Sacs. 

Saul,  king  of  Israel,  XIV.  642. 

Saul,  tree,  IX.  203,  2  ab. 

Saulcy,  Louis  Felicien  Joseph  Caignart  do 
[duh  so-se],  French  antiquary,  XIV.  642. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  :  see  Saint  Mary’s  Strait. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  [soo  saint  ma'-re;  Fr.  so 
sangt  ma-re],  or  Sault  de  Ste.  Marie,  village 
of  Michigan,  XIV.  642.  Of  Canada,  2  be. 
Saumaise  [so-maiz] :  see  Salmasius. 

Saumur  [so-mtir],  town  of  France,  XIV.  642. 
Saunders,  county,  XIV.  643. 

Saunders,  Prince,  Haytian  lawyer,  XIV.  643. 
Saunderson,  Nicholas,  English  mathematician, 
XIV.  643. 

Saunders  wood(  red  sandalwood),  XIV.  597, 1  c. 


SAUPPE 

Sauppe,  Hermann  [sow'-pSh],  German  philolo¬ 
gist,  XIY.  643. 

Saurians,  order  of  reptiles,  XIV.  643. 

Saurin,  Jacques  [so-ra"*],  French  Protestant 
clergyman,  XIV.  643.  u  Saurin’s  Bible,”  2  b. 

Sauroids ,  family  of,  VII.  616,  1  c. 

Saurom'atce ,  XIV.  634,  1  a  (Sarmatia). 

Saur ophidians,  referred  to,  II.  723,  2  ab. 

Saurophthalmes  [so-ro-ftalm],  XV.  80,  1  b 
(Skink). 

Saurop'sida,  division  of  vertebrates,  XIV.  643. 

Saururvs  (botany),  X.  552,  1  be.  S.  cernuus, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Saussure,  Horace  B6n6dict  de  [duh  so-slir], 
Swiss  naturalist,  XIV.  643.  His  vesicular 
theory  of  clouds,  and  their  suspension  in  the 
air,  IV.  709,  2  c  ;  I.  117,  1  c.  Theory  of 
glacial  motion,  VII.  829,  2  c. — Xicolas  Theo¬ 
dore,  XIV.  644, 1  a.  Albertine  Adrienne,  ib. 

Sauternes  [so-tairn],  district  of  France,  VII. 
411,  1  c.  Wines  of,  ib. 

Sauteux  [so-tuh],  (Ojibways),  XII.  605,  2  c. 

Sauveur,  Joseph  [so-vuhr],  French  mathema¬ 
tician,  XIV.  644. 

Sauvolle  [so-vul],  first  colonial  governor  of 
Louisiana,  X.  338,  1  c ;  II.  629,  2  a. 

Savage ,  John  (born  1828,  editor  and  author), 
Fenian  leader,  VII.  129, 1  ab;  130, 1  a,  be,  2  b. 

Savage,  Marmion  W.,  Irish  novelist,  XIV.  644. 

Savage,  Richard,  English  poet,  XIV.  644. 

Savage ,  Dr.  T.  S.  (American  missionary),  dis¬ 
coverer  of  the  gorilla,  VIII.  115,  2  c,  ff. 

Savage  of  Aveyron,  wild  boy,  IX.  170,  2  b. 

Savannah,  city  of  Georgia,  XIV.  644  (view). 
Description,  1  b.  Public  edifices,  1  c.  De¬ 
fences,  645,  1  c.  Commerce,  ib.  Govern¬ 
ment,  646,  1  a.  Education,  1  ab.  Church¬ 
es,  1  b.  History,  1  be. 

Savannah ,  county  seats,  I.  485,  1  a;  III.  489, 
1  a;  VIII.  453,  2  a. 

Savannah  cricket ,  XV.  855,  1  a. 

Savannah  River  :  see  Georgia,  VII.  716,  2  c. 

Savannahs :  see  Yemassees,  and  Shawnees, 
XIV.  833,  1  a. 

Savary,  Anne  Jean  Marie  Rene  [sa-va-re], 
duke  of  Rovigo,  French  soldier,  XIV.  646; 
I.  306,  2  a. 

Save,  river  of  S.  Europe,  XIV.  646. 

Savery,  Thomas ,  steam  engine  of,  XV.  339,  2  b. 

S a vigny,  Friedrich  Karl  von  [sa-ve'-nye],  Ger¬ 
man  jurist,  XIV.  647. 

Savile,  George  [sav'-il],  marquis  of  Halifax, 
English  statesman,  XIV.  647. 

Saville :  see  Savile. 

43 


SAXICAVA  673 

Sav'in  :  see  Juniper,  IX.  716,  1  b  (twice). 

Fungus  upon,  VII.  533,  1  a. 

Savings  Bank,  XIV.  647.  The  first  established 
in  Great  Britain,  2  ab :  see  Wakefield,  Pris¬ 
cilla.  First  in  France,  648,  2  c;  X.  174, 
1  be.  Post-office  savings  banks,  XIV.  648, 

1  c ;  XIII.  749,  2  b. 

Savitri  [sa-ve'-tre],  in  Hindoo  theology,  IX.  223, 

2  be ;  225,  1  a. 

Savoie  [sa-vwa],  department  of  France:  see 
Savoy,  XIV.  650,  2  a. 

Savoie,  Haute :  see  IIaute-Savoie. 

Savo'na,  city  of  Italy,  XIV.  649. 
Savonaro'la,  Girolamo,  Italian  reformer,  XIV. 

649.  Condemnation  and  execution,  2  b. 
Savonarola,Don  Jeremy  a,. 

Savonnerie  [sa-vun-re],  carpet  manufactory, 
Paris,  IV.  160,  1  c. 

Sav'oy,  territory  of  France,  XIV.  649.  De¬ 
partment  of  Savoie,  650,  2  a.  History,  ib. 
Savoy ,  St.  Mary  le ,  church,  London,  X. 598,1  be. 
Savoy  conference ,  London,  V.  154,  2  be. 

Savus,  river :  see  Save. 

Saw,  mechanical  instrument,  XIV.  651.  In 
ancient  times,  1  ab.  Forms,  1  b.  Manufac¬ 
ture  of,  1  c.  Teeth,  2  ab.  Circular  saws, 
652,  1  ab  ;  chain  saws,  1  c ;  band  saws,  2  a. 
Saws  worked  by  water  power,  2  ab. 

Sawbill  (goosander),  VIII.  104,  1  c. 

Saw  Fish,  XIV.  652.  Common,  653,  1  c  (ill.). 
Saw  Fly,  XIV.  653.  Elm  saw  fly,  2  c  (ill.) ; 

fir,  654,  1  ab  (ill.) ;  pine,  1  c ;  vine,  ib.  (ill.). 
Saw-whet  (owl),  XII.  755,  1  ab. 

Sawyer,  Thomas  Jefferson,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XIV.  654.  Caroline  M.,  author,  2  b. 
Sax:  see  Slate,  XV.  88,  1  c. 

Saxe,  John  Godfrey,  American  author,  XIV. 
654. 

Saxe,  Maurice,  count  de,  marshal  of  France, 
XI  V.  655;  X.  42,  1  c.  Relations  with  the 
young  pretender,  IV.  311,  2  be. 
Saxe-Altenburg  :  see  Altenburg. 
Saxe-Coburg  :  see  Coburg. 

Saxe  -  Coburg  -  Gotha  [sax-ko'-boorg-go'-ta], 
duchy  of  the  German  empire,  XIV.  655. 
Saxe-Lauenburg  :  see  Lauenburg. 
Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen  [-mi'-ning- 
en-hild'-boorg-how-zen],  duchy,  XIV.  655. 

S axe- W eimar-Eisen a  ch  [-vi'-mar-i'-zeh-nakh],, 
grand  duchy,  XIV.  656. 

Sax  horn ,  musical  instrument,  VIII.  818,  1  be. 
Saxic’ava  (mollusca),  XV.  400,  2  be.  S.  rugo- 
sa,  ib. 

Saaicava  sand ,  VI.  Ill,  2  c. 


674 


SAXICOLA 


SCARLATTI 


Saxic'ola  ruble' ola  (ornithology),  XV.  400,  2  c 
(ill.).  S.  rubetra,  401,  1  b. 

Saxif'raga  (botany),  XIV.  656,  1  be.  S.  Vir- 
giniensis,  1  c  (ill.);  Pennsylvania,  2  b; 
crassifolia,  2  c  (ill.);  umbrosa,  ib. ;  peltata 
and  sarmentosa,  657,  1  a.  Leaves  of  S.  cras¬ 
sifolia  a  substitute  for  tea,  I.  358,  2  b. 
Sax'ifrage,  plant,  XIV.  656.  Early  or  Vir¬ 
ginian,  1  c  (ill.) ;  swamp,  2  b ;  thick-leaved, 

2  c  (ill.) ;  umbrella,  657,  1  a.  Beefsteak 
and  strawberry  geranium,  &c.,  ib. 

Saxnot ,  in  Saxon  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Saxo  Grammaticus,  Danish  historian,  XIV. 
657.  His  history  of  Denmark,  I.  33,  2  b ; 
VI.  17,  2  a. 

Saxonia  Transalbiana ,  VIII.  772,  2  a. 

Saxons,  XIV.  657;  VII.  739,  1  b.  Saxon 
dynasty  in  Germany,  753, 1  a.  Saxon  archi¬ 
tecture,  I.  661,  1  b ;  662,  2  a. 

Saxons ,  in  Transylvania,  XV.  846,  2  a,  ab.  Land 
of  the,  2  be. 

Saxon  Switzerland ,  XIV.  658,  1  a. 

Saxony,  kingdom  of  Germany,  XIV.  657. 

Government,  658,  1  be.  History,  2  a. 
Saxony,  province  of  Prussia,  XIV.  659. 

Saxony  blue ,  in  dyeing,  VI.  341,  2  be. 

Saxton,  Joseph,  American  inventor,  XIV. 
659.  His  metallic  thermometer  (for  ocean 
depths),  II.  74,  2  a. 

Say,  Jean  Baptiste,  French  political  economist, 
XIV.  659;  XIII.  671,  1  ab.  Horace  Emile 
and  L6on,  XIV.  660,  1  a. 

Say,  Thomas,  American  naturalist,  XIV.  660. 
Sayanian  range ,  Altai  mountains,  I.  358,  1  c. 
Saybrooh  (post  township  and  village,  Conn.,  on 
Long  Island  sound),  origin  of  the  name,  VII. 
132,  1  c.  First  seat  of  Yale  college,  XVI. 
763,  2  b.  Saybrook  synod  (of  Congregation- 
alists,  authors  of  the  Saybrook  platform),  V. 
244,  2  b. 

Sayer's  plot,  alluded  to,  III.  174,  1  c. 
Sayornisfuscus  (ornithol  ogy) ,  XI II. 376, lb  (ill.) . 
Scabbard  Fish,  XIV.  660.  Silvery  hair-tail, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Scabeccio  [ska-bet'-clio],  preserved  tunny,  VII. 
228,  2  be. 

Scabies  [ska'-be-eez] :  see  Itch. 

Soj2vola,  Caius  Mucius  [sev'-o-la],  legendary 
Roman  hero,  XIV.  660 ;  XIII.  721,  1  a. 
Quintus  Mucius,  the  augur,  XIV.  660,  2  b. 
Quintus  Mucius,  the  pontifex,  ib. ;  X.  193,  2  c. 
Scala  [ska'-la],  noble  Italian  family,  XIV.  660. 
Scalaria  (mollusca),  XVI.  553,  2  a.  S.  Groen- 
landica,  2  ab.  S.  pretiosa,  2  b  (ill.). 


Scald  [skawld] :  see  Burns  and  Scalds. 

Scaldis ,  river:  see  Scheldt. 

Scalds  [skalds],  Scandinavian  bards,  II.  307, 

1  a ;  IX.  155,  1  be  (skalds). 

Scale,  a  graduated  line,  XIV.  661 ;  XVI.  537, 

2  c.  See  Gunter,  and  Sector. 

Scale,  Musical :  see  Music,  XII.  78,  2  a. 
Scales:  see  Weighing  Machines. 

Scales,  of  fishes :  see  Comparative  Anatomy, 
V.  183,  1  c. 

Scales ,  of  a  lily  bulb,  X.  267,  1  ab. 

Scal'iger,  Julius  Caesar,  Italian  philologist, 
XIV.  661.  Joseph  Justus,  1  c. 

Scaligerana,  1. 448,  2  be  (Ana)  ;  XIV .661,2  ab. 
Scaligeri  [ska-lij'-e-re] :  see  Scala. 

Scallions ,  XII.  631,  1  be  (Onion). 

Scallop  [skol'-lup],  bivalve,  XIV.  661  (ill.). 
Sca'lops  (zoology),  XI.  705, 1  be;  706, 1  c  (ill.). 
S.  aquaticus,  2  a. 

Scalps ,  Indian ,  first  brought  to  Boston,  III. 
127,  1  ab. 

Scaly  Ant-eater:  see  Pangolin. 

Scamander,  river  of  Troas,  XIV.  662.  See 
Troy,  XVI.  9,  2  c. 

Scammony,  plant  and  drug,  XIV.  662  (ill.). 

Adulteration  of,  I.  134,  1  c,  2  a. 
Scan'derbeg,  Albanian  prince,  XIV.  662;  I. 
244,  2  c. 

Scandinavia,  XIV.  663. 

Scandinavian  cosmogony ,  XII.  119,  2  b. 
Scanso'res,  order  of  birds,  XIV.  663. 
Scapa'nus  (zoology),  XI.  706,  1  c.  S.  aquati¬ 
cus,  ib. 

Scapegrace ,  bird,  VI.  153,  1  c. 

Scape  wheel ,  of  a  clock  or  watch,  IV.  696,  2  b. 
Scaphidu'rus  (ornithology),  VIII.  146,  1  c. 
Scapino  [ska-pe'-no],  VIII.  463,  2  a  (Harle¬ 
quin). 

Scap'ular,  part  of  a  religious  habit,  XIV.  663. 

Alleged  gift  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  XI.  218,  1  b. 
Scapulars ,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Scarabce'i,  in  gem  engraving,  VII.  663,  2  a. 
Scarabceidce  (entomology),  XIV.  663,  2  be;  II. 
477,  1  c. 

SoARABiEUS,  genus  of  beetles,  XIV.  663  (ill., 
664) ;  II.  477, 1  ab.  S.  enema  (ill.),  ib. ;  pil- 
lularius,  469,  1  ab;  sacer,  XIV.  60,  1  b,  664, 
1  a ;  iEgyptiorum,  ib. 

Scarborough,  town  of  England,  XIV.  664. 
Scarificator ,  in  cupping,  V.  579,  1  b. 
Scarlatina:  see  Fevers,  VII.  170,  1  ab.  S. 

anginosa,  1  c.  S.  rheumatica,  VI.  8,  2  a. 
Scarlatti,  Alessandro,  Italian  composer,  XIV. 
664.  Domenico,  composer,  1  c. 


SCARLET 


SCHISM 


675 


Scarlet  Fever:  see  Fevers,  VII.  170,  1  ab. 
Scarlett ,  Sir  James :  see  Abinger,  Lord. 

Scaro  [ska'-ro],  fish,  XIII.  127,  2  be. 

Scarpa,  Antonio,  Italian  anatomist,  XIV.  664. 

Scarpa’s  needle,  for  couching,  IV.  102,  1  c. 
Soarpanto,  island  of  Turkey,  XIV.  664. 
Scarpe ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  c. 

Scarp  walls ,  in  fortification,  VII.  329,  1  be. 
Scarron,  Paul  [skar-rdng],  French  author,  XI  V. 

664.  See  Maintenok,  XI.  39,  2  b. 

Scarus  (ichthyology),  XIII.  127,  1  b  (ill.).  S. 

Cretensis,  2  ab.  S.  Abilgaardii  and  guaca- 
maia,  2  c. 

Scatoph'aga  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  be.  S. 

stercoraria,  VII.  295,  1  b ;  furcata,  ib. 

Scaup  duck ,  VI.  289,  2  ab  (ill.,  288) ;  III.  733, 
2  ab,  734,  l  a. 

Scaurijs,  Marcus  iEmilius,  Roman  senator  and 
consul,  XIV.  664.  Officer  and  peculator,  2  c. 
Betrayer  of  Pompey,  665,  1  b.  Mamercus, 
orator  and  poet,  ib. 

‘ ‘ Scavenger s  daughter ,  the”  instrument  of  tor¬ 
ture,  XV.  815,  1  b. 

Scelidotherium ,  extinct  animal,  XII.  110,  2  be. 
Scena,  in  a  Greek  theatre,  XV.  685,  2  a. 
Schaaffhausen  [shaf-how-zen],  archaeologist, 
VII.  198,  2  c;  199,  1  a. 

Schabziegerkdse  [shap'-tse-gher-ka-zeh],  IV. 
352,  2  b. 

Schadow,  Johann  Gottfried  [sha'-do],  German 
sculptor,  XIV.  665.  Friedrich  Wilhelm  von 
Schadow-Godenhaus,  painter,  1  c. 

Schafarik  [sha'-fa-rik],  (Paul  Joseph,  1795- 
1861),  Slavic  scholar,  II.  789,  2  b,  c ;  XV. 
103,  2  a,  104,  2  a. 

Schafer,  Heinrich  [sha'-fer],  German  historian, 
XIV.  665. 

Sohaff,  Philip  [shaf],  American  scholar,  XIV. 

665.  His  views  of  the  Lutheran  worship, 
X.  734,  1  ab. 

Schaffhausen  [shaf'-how-zen],  canton  of 
Switzerland,  XIV.  666.  Capital,  1  b. 
Scharlachberger  wine  [shar'-lakh-bair-gher],  II. 
644,  1  c. 

Schauf'fler,  William  Gottlieb  [Ger.  show'- 
fler],  American  missionary,  XIV.  666. 
Schaumburg- Lippe  [showm'-boorg-lip'-peh], 
principality  of  Germany,  XIV.  666. 
Scheele,  Karl  Wilhelm  [sha'-leli],  Swedish 
chemist,  XIV.  666.  His  investigations  and 
discoveries  in  chemistry,  IV.  362,  1  c. 
Scheele'1  s  green  [sheelz],  V.  319,  1  a. 

Scheeletine  [sheel'-e-tin],  mineral,  XVI.  30,  1  b. 
Scheen :  see  Schene  (Index). 


Schef'fer,  Ary  [Fr.  shefr’],  French  painter, 
XIV.  666 ;  IV.  242,  2  b.  Henri,  painter, 
XIV.  666,  2  be. 

Scheffler ,  Johann:  see  Angelus  Silesitts. 

Scheiner  [shi'-ner],  (Christoph,  1575-1650,  Ger¬ 
man  Jesuit  and  professor),  discovery  of  the 
sun  spots  by  (1611),  XV.  471,  2  a. 

Scheldt  [skelt],  river,  XIV.  666. 

Schelestadt  [shail-stat] :  see  Sciilettstadt. 

Schelling,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Joseph  von 
[shel'-ling],  German  philosopher,  XIV.  667. 
See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  813,  2  a;  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XIII.  430,  1  a,  442,  1  c. 

“ Schellingism ,  New”  XIV.  669,  2  ab. 

Schema  de  Parvo  [ske'-ma],  Roman  Catholic 
catechism,  IV.  105,  1  b. 

Schemnitz  [shem'-nits],  town  of  Hungary, 
XIV.  669. 

Schenck,  Robert  Cumming  [skenk],  American 
statesman,  XIV.  670. 

Schene  [sheen],  (Richmond,  Eng.),  XIV.  322,  2  c. 

Schenectady  [ske-nek'-ta-de],  county,  XIV. 
670. 

Schenectady,  city  of  New  York,  XIV.  670. 

Schenkbier  [shenk'-beer],  II.  469,  2  c  (Beer). 

Schenkel,  Daniel  [sken'-kel],  German  theolo¬ 
gian,  XIV.  670. 

Scheria  [ske'-re-a],  legendary  island,  XIV. 
670;  V.  351,  2  b. 

Scherr,  Johannes  [shair],  author,  XIV.  670. 

Scherzer,  Karl  von,  chevalier  [shair'-tser], 
traveller,  XIV.  670. 

Scherzo  [skair'-tso],  in  music,  XII.  91,  1  b. 

Scheutz ,  G.  and  E.  [shoits],  calculating  ma¬ 
chine  of,  III.  569,  2  b. 

Scheveningen  [ska'-ven-ing-en],  Dutch  water¬ 
ing  place,  XIV.  671. 

Schick,  Gottlieb  [shik],  German  painter,  XIV. 
671. 

Schiedam  [ske'-dam],  town,  Netherlands,  XIV. 
671.  Schiedam  schnapps,  1  c.  See  Gin. 

Schiller,  Johann  Christoph  Friedrich  von 
[shil'-ler],  German  poet,  XIV.  671 ;  VII. 
767,  2  ab. 

Schilling,  Johannes,  sculptor,  XIV.  672. 

Schinderhannes  [shin'-der-lian-ness],  predatory 
leader,  IV.  343,  2  c. 

Sciiinkel,  Karl  Friedrich,  architect  and  painter, 
XIV.  672. 

Schinus  [ski'-nus],  (botany),  XIII.  281,  1  ab. 
S.  molle,  ib.  (ill.). 

Schism ,  the  great  [sizm],  between  the  Greek 
and  Roman  churches,  VIII.  218,  1  a.  Found¬ 
er  of,  XIII.  467,  2  c. 


670 


SCHISM 


SCHOMBURGK 


Schism ,  the  great  western ,  in  the  Roman  church, 
V.  268,  1  b.  See  Clement  VII.,  IV.  662, 

1  b-c.  Termination  of,  2  c. 

Schistes  o'nyx  [skis'-teez],  (mineralogy),  for 
cutting  cameos,  III.  653,  1  a. 

Schists  [sliists],  XV.  87,  2  b  (Slate). 

Schizogeny  [skiz-oj'-e-ne],  a  form  of  agamic 
multiplication,  XV.  320,  2  be. 

Schlagintweit,  Hermann,  Adolf,  and  Robert 
[shla'-ghin-twite],  German  travellers,  XIV. 
672 ;  VIII.  733,  2  b.  Eduard,  soldier  and 
author,  XIV.  673,  2  b.  Emil,  orientalist,  ib. 

Schlattee,  Michael  [shlat'-ter],  Swiss  mission¬ 
ary,  XIV.  673. 

Schlegel,  August  Wilhelm  von  [shla'-ghel], 
German  scholar,  XIV.  674.  Friedrich  Karl 
Wilhelm  von,  author,  1  c  ;  XI.  807,  2  a.  See 
Geemany,  Language  and  Literature  of,  VII. 
768,  1  be. 

Sohleichee,  August  [shli'-Tier],  philologist, 
XIV.  674. 

Schleiden,  Matthias  Jakob  [shli'-den],  bota¬ 
nist,  XIV.  674. 

Schleieemaohee,  Friedrich  Daniel  Ernst  [shll'- 
er-ma-kher],  theologian,  XIV.  675.  See 
Moeal  Philosophy,  XI.  807,  2  c,  813,  2  ab ; 
Philosophy,  XIII.  442,  1  b. 

Schleiz  [shlites] :  see  Reuss. 

Schlestadt  [shla'-stat] :  see  Schlettstadt. 

Schleswig  [Ger.  shies'- vieh],  part  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  XIV.  676.  History,  1  ab.  City,  1  c. 

Schleswig-Holstein  [-hole'-stine],  province  of 
Prussia,  XIV.  676.  History,  2  be;  VI.  14, 
1  ab;  VII.  757,  2  a. 

Schlettstadt  [shlet'-st&t],  town  of  Alsace, 
XIV.  677. 

Schley  [shla],  county,  XIV.  677. 

Schliemann,  Heinrich  [shle'-man],  German 
traveller,  XIV.  677. 

Schlossberg  [shluss'-bairg],  at  Laybach,  castle 
on  the,  X.  239,  2  b.  At  Eisenstadt,  palace 
of  the,  VI.  484,  1  b. 

Schlossee,  Friedrich  Christoph  [shlus'-ser], 
German  historian,  XIV.  678. 

Schlozee,  August  Ludwig  von  [shlo'-tser],  his¬ 
torian,  XIV.  678.  Kurd  von,  author,  2  b. 

Schmalkalden  :  see  Smalcald. 

Schmet ,  assumed  name,  VII.  582,  2  ab. 

Schmicl  (Josias),  assistant  of  Pestalozzi,  XIII. 
348,  1  ab,  b. 

Schmid,  Leopold  [shmit],  German  theologian, 
XIV.  678. 

Schmidt ,  A.  TF.  von,  his  plan  for  removing 
Blossom  rock,  III.  701,  2  be. 


Schmidt,  Heinrich  Julian,  German  author, 
XIV.  679. 

Schmidt  (Johann  Friedrich  Julian,  born  1825), 
astronomer,  XI.  800,  2  b  (Moon). 

Schnaase,  Karl  [shna'-zeh],  author,  XIV.  679. 

Schneekoppe  [shna'-kup-peh],  mountain,  XIV. 
327,  1  b. 

Schneidemuhl  [shnl'-deh-mul],  (town  of  Posen, 
Prussia),  Confession  of  (German  Catholic), 

VII.  736,  2  a.  New  Confession  of,  2  b. 

Schneidee,  Eugene  [shna-dair],  French  politi¬ 
cian,  XIV.  679.  (Died  1875.) 

Schneidee,  Hortense  Catherine,  French  ac¬ 
tress,  XIV.  679. 

Schneidee,  Johann  Gottlob  [shni'-der],  Ger¬ 
man  philologist,  XIV.  679. 

Schneiderian  membrane  (named  from  Konrad 
Victor  Schneider,  professor  at  Wittenberg, 
died  1680),  XII.  516,  1  be,  c. 

Schnetz,  Jean  Victor  [shnace],  French  painter, 
XIV.  679. 

Schnoee  von  Kaeolsfeld,  Julius  [shnur  fon 
ka'-rolss-felt],  German  painter,  XIV.  679. 
Ludwig  Ferdinand,  painter,  2  b. 

Schcelchee,  Victor  [shail-shair],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XIV.  679. 

Schoffee,  Peter  [sho'-fer  or  shef '-fer],  German 
printer,  XIV.  680 ;  VII.  96,  2  c,  97,  lb; 

VIII.  341,  2  ab.  Johann,  referred  to,  2  b. 

ScnoFiELD,  John  McAllister  [sko'-feeld],  Amer¬ 
ican  soldier,  XIV.  680. 

Schohaeie  [sko-ha'-re],  county,  XIV.  680. 

Schoharie ,  county  seat,  XIV.  680,  2  a. 

Schoiffer :  see  Schoffee. 

Scholars ,  at  Oxford,  XII.  764,  1  b.  Scholar¬ 
ships,  2  b. 

Scholasticism:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  439, 
1  b,  c;  Moeal  Philosophy,  XI.  811,  1  ab; 
Abelaed,  I.  19,  1  ab. 

Scholastic  method ,  in  logic,  X.  580,  1  c. 

“  Scholastic  novices ,”  Jesuit,  IX.  626,  1  c. 

Scholastic  philosophy :  see  Scholasticism  (In¬ 
dex). 

Scholastics,  formed,  Jesuit,  IX.  626,  2  a. 

Scholia  Veneta ,  of  the  Iliad,  XVI.  357,  1  a. 

Scholten,  Johannes  Hendrik  [skol'-ten],  Dutch 
theologian,  XIV.  680. 

Schombeeg, Frederick  Hermann, duke  of  [shom'- 
berg],  English  soldier,  XIV.  680. 

Schombeeg,  Henri  de,  count  [shong-bair], French 
soldier,  XIV.  681.  Charles,  1  b.  Mar6- 
chale  de,  ib. 

Schombuegk,  Sir  Robert  Hermann  [shom'- 
burk],  English  traveller,  XIV.  681. 


SCIIONBEIN 


SCHWARZENBERG 


677 


ScnoNBEiN,  Christian  Friedrich  [shon'-bine], 
German  chemist,  XIV.  681. 

Schonbrunn  [shon'-broon],  gardens  of,  near  Vi¬ 
enna,  XVI.  352, 1  a.  Peace  of,  VII.  420, 1  be. 
Schoodic  river  [skoo'-dik] :  see  Saint  Croix, 
river. 

School  Brothers  and  School  Sisters,  XIV. 

681.  School  sisters,  682,  1  be. 

Schoolcraft,  county,  XIV.  683. 

Schoolcraft,  Henry  Rowe,  American  author, 
XIV.  683;  XVI.  193,  2  b,  204,  1  a.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VIII.  10,  2  be. 

Schoolefs  mountain ,  referred  to,  XI.  844,  1  c. 
“  School  of  the  heart  f  Jesuit,  IX.  627,  1  a. 
Schools  :  see  College,  Common  Schools,  Edu¬ 
cation,  Infant  Schools,  Military  Schools, 
Normal  Schools,  Reformatories,  and  Uni¬ 
versity. 

School  system ,  public,  Roman  Catholic  oppo¬ 
sition  to,  IX.  33,  2  b. 

Schooner,  XIV.  855,  2  a ;  XII.  188,  2  be  ;  XVI. 
761,  2  be. 

Schooten’s  islands  [sko'-tenz],  I.  128,  2  a. 
Schopenhauer,  Arthur  [sho'-pen-how-er],  Ger¬ 
man  philosopher,  XIV.  683.  See  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  813,  2  b;  Philosophy,  XIII. 
442,  2  c. 

Schorl  [shorl],  XV.  823,  1  be  (Tourmaline). 
Schrader,  Julius  [shra'-der],  German  painter, 
XIV.  684. 

Schrankia  [skran'-ke-a],  (botany),  XI.  568,  1  b. 

S.  uncinata  and  angustata,  ib. 

Schreckhorn  [shrek'-horn],  Alpine  peak,  I.  352, 

1  a. 

Schrevel  [skra'-vel] :  see  Schrevelius. 
ScnREVELius,  Cornelius  [skra-va'-le-us],  Dutch 
scholar,  XIV.  684. 

Schreyer,  Adolph  [shrl'-er],  German  painter, 
XIV.  684. 

ScnROCKH,  Johann  Matthias  [shrok],  historian, 
XIV.  684. 

ScnRODER,  Antoinette  Sophie,  actress,  XIV.  684. 

Wilhelmine  Schroder-Devrient,  singer,  2  b. 
Schroder,  Friedrich  Ludwig,  actor,  XIV.  684. 
Sciirodter,  Adolph  [shro'-ter],  painter,  XIV. 
685. 

Schroeder  van  der  Kolk  [skroo'-der],  theory  of 
the  coagulation  of  the  blood,  II.  734,  2  a. 
Schron's  tables,  of  logarithms,  X.  578,  2  a. 
Schroter  (Johann  Hieronymus,  1745-1816),  ob¬ 
servations  of  the  moon  by,  XI.  800,  1  a. 
Sciiubart,  Christian  Friedrich  Daniel  [shoo'- 
bart],  German  poet,  XIV.  685. 

Schubert,  Franz,  composer,  XIV.  685. 


Schubert,  Gottliilf  Heinrich  von,  mystic,  XIAr. 

685. 

Schulenburg,  Wolfradine ,  countess  vonder[ shoo'- 
len-boorg] :  see  Minutoli,  XI.  622,  1  c. 
Schulte,  Johann  Friedrich  [shool'-teh],  theo¬ 
logian,  XIV.  685. 

Schultze,  Max  [shool'-tseh],  anatomist,  XIV. 

686.  See  Protoplasm,  XIV.  35,  1  be. 
Sciiultz-Schultzenstein  [shoolts-slioolts'-en- 

stine],  Karl  Heinrich,  physiologist,  XIV.  686. 
Schulze,  Ernst  Konrad  Friedrich  [shool'-tseh], 
poet,  XIV.  686. 

Schulze- Delitzsch,  socialist,  XV.  142,  2  c. 
Schumacher,  Heinrich  Christian  [shoo'-mA- 
kher],  Danish  astronomer,  XIV.  686.  Chris¬ 
tian  Andreas,  2  be. 

ScnuMANN,  Robert  [slioo'-man],  German  com¬ 
poser,  XIV.  686 ;  XII.  93,  1  be. 

Sciiurz,  Carl  [shoorts],  American  statesman, 
XIV.  687.  (Secretary  of  the  interior  1877.) 
Schuyler  [ski'-ler],  three  counties,  XIV.  688. 
Schuyler,  county  seat,  V.  53,  1  c. 

Schuyler,  Philip,  American  general,  XIV.  688. 
Schuylkill  [skool'-kil],  river,  XIV.  688. 
Schuylkill,  county,  XIV.  688. 

Schwab,  Gustav  [shwap],  German  poet,  XIV. 

688. 

Schwabe  [shwa'-beh],  (S.  Heinrich,  born  1789), 
observations  on  the  sun  spots,  XV.  472,  2  b. 
Schwaben  [shwa'-ben] :  see  Swabia. 
Schwabisch-  Gmiind  [shwa'-bish-]  :  see  Gmund. 
Schwabisch-Hall :  see  Hall  (in  Wtirtemberg). 
Schwalbach  [shwal'-bakh],  German  watering 
place,  XIV.  689. 

Schioanenburg  [shwa'-nen-boorg],  castle  of,  IV. 
677,  2  be. 

Schwann,  experiments  on  the  use  of  the  bile 
in  digestion,  II.  634,  2  a-b. 

Schwanthaler,  Ludwig  Michael  [sliwan'-ta- 
ler],  German  sculptor,  XIV.  689. 

Schwartz,  Marie  Sophie  [shwarts],  novelist, 
XIV.  689. 

Schwartzenberg  ;  see  Schwarzenberg. 
Schwarz,  Berthold,  alchemist,  XIV.  689. 
Schwarz,  Christian  Friedrich,  missionary, XIV. 
689. 

Schw  arzburg-Rudolstadt  [shwarts'  -  boorg- 
roo'-dole-stat],  principality,  XIV.  689. 

ScnwARZBURG-SoNDERSHAUSEN  [-zun'-  derce- 

how-zen],  principality,  XIV.  689. 
Schwarzenberg,  Friedrich  Johann  Joseph  Ce- 
lestinus  von  [sliwar'-tsen-bairg],  Austrian 
cardinal,  XIV.  689. 

Schwarzenberg,  Karl  Philipp,  prince,  and  duke 


678 


SCHWARZ  WALD 


SCOLOPAX 


of  Krumau,  field  marshal,  XIV.  690.  See 
Blucher.  Felix  Ludwig  Johann  Friedrich, 
prince,  statesman,  1  c ;  II.  146,  2  b,  147, 

1  ab,  c ;  VI.  542,  1  c. 

Schwarzwald  [-valt] :  see  Black  Forest. 
Schwegler,  Albert  [shwa'-gler],  German  his¬ 
torian,  XIV.  690.  His  definition  of  philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  430,  1  b. 

Schweidnitz  [shwide'-nits],  town  of  Prussia, 
XIV.  690.  Principality,  2  be. 

Schweigger,  Johann  Salomon  Christoph  [shwi'- 
gher],  physicist,  XIV.  690.  Schweigger’s 
multiplier  (galvanic),  VII.  593,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
VI.  515,  2  be. 

Schweinfurt  [shwine'-foort],  town  of  Bavaria, 
XIV.  691. 

Schweinfurt  green ,  a  poisonous  color,  XIII. 

53,  1  c;  V.  319,  1  ab. 

Schweinfurth :  see  Schweinfurt. 
Schweinfurth,  Georg  August,  German  trav¬ 
eller,  XIV.  691. 

Schweinitz,  Lewis  David  von  [von  shwi'-nits], 
American  botanist,  XIV.  691. 

Schweinsfeder  [shwinss'-fa-der],  XII.  98, 2  c  (ill.). 
Schweitzer  lease  [shwi'-tser-ka-zeh],  IV.  352, 1  c. 
Schweiz  [shwites] :  see  Switzerland. 
Sohwenkfeld,  Kaspar  von  [shwenk'-felt], 
founder  of  a  sect,  XIV.  691.  Schwenk- 
felders  or  Schwenkfeldians,  2  b. 

Schwerin  [shwa-reen'],  capital  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  XIV.  691.  Palace,  692,  1  a 
(ill.,  691). 

Schwerin,  Kurt  Christoph  von,  count,  Prussian 
field  marshal,  XIV.  692. 

Schwind,  Moritz  von  [fon  shwint],  German 
painter,  XIV.  692. 

Schwytz  [shwits],  canton  of  Switzerland,  XIV. 
692.  Capital,  2  a. 

Sciacca  [shak'-ka],  town  of  Sicily,  XIV.  692. 
Sciatica  [si-at'-e-ka] :  see  Neuralgia,  XII. 
257,  2  b. 

Sciglio  [she'-lyo],  promontory  of  Italy,  XIV. 

692.  Town,  2  b. 

Scilla  [sheel'-la] :  see  Sciglio. 

Scilla  [sil'-la],  (botany),  XV.  295,  2  a.  S. 
maritima,  ib.  (ill.). 

Scilla ,  painter,  his  work  on  fossils,  VII.  688, 1  a. 
Scillitine  [sil'-le-tinj,  XV.  295,  2  c  (Squill). 
Scilly  Islands,  England,  XIV.  692. 

Scin'cidce  (zoology),  XV.  80,  1  a. 

Scinci'ncB  (zoology),  XV.  80,  1  be. 

Scincoids ,  referred  to,  II.  723,  1  c ;  724,  1  he. 
Scincus  (zoology),  XV.  80,  1  c.  S.  officinalis, 

2  a  (ill.). 


Scinde  :  see  Sinde. 

Scindia  :  see  Gwalior. 

Scio  [she'-o],  Turkish  island,  XIV.  693.  Capi¬ 
tal,  2  a. 

Scion ,  in  grafting,  VIII.  139,  1  a. 

Scioto  [si-o'-to],  river  of  Ohio,  XIV.  693. 
Scioto,  county,  XIV.  693. 

Scipio,  Roman  family,  XIV.  693.  Publius 
Cornelius  Scipio  Africanus  Major,  2  c.  Pu¬ 
blius  Cornelius  Scipio  HSmilianus  Africanus 
Minor,  694,  2  be.  Quintus  Cascilius  Metel- 
lus  Pius,  695,  1  a. 

Scire  Facias  [sl'-re  fa'-se-as],  writ,  XIV.  695. 
Scirocco :  see  Sirocco. 

Scirophoria ,  festival,  XVI.  108,  2  he. 

Scirpus  lacustris  (botany),  III.  432,  2  c. 
Scissors-bill ,  bird,  XV.  78,  2  be. 

Sciu'ridce  (zoology),  XV.  297,  1  ab. 
Sciurop'terus  (zoology) :  see  Pteromys  (Index). 
Sciu'rus  (zoology),  XV.  297, 1  c.  S.  vulpinus, 
2  a ;  cinereus,  2  b ;  Lodovicianus,  2  c ;  Caro- 
linensis  or  migratorius,  ib.  (ill.,  298)  ;  fossor, 
298,  1  b ;  vulgaris,  1  c  (ill.) ;  maximus,  2  b ; 
Hudsonius,  IV.  418,  1  b. 

Scivias,  revelations  of  St.  Hildegard,  VIII.  725, 

1  a. 

Sclavonia:  see  Slavonia. 

Sclerodac' tylaBria' reus  (zoology),  XIV.  728, 1  c. 
Sclerogen' idee  (ichthyology),  VIII.  334,  2  b. 
Sclero'sis ,  of  the  brain,  III.  202,  2  b. 
Sclerosheleton ,  XIII.  424,  2  b. 

Scleros' tomum  syn'gamus  (zoology),  XIII.  384, 

2  b. 

Sclerot'ic  membrane ,  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  1  a. 
Scleroticonyxis ,  in  couching,  IV.  102,  1  c. 
Scleroti'tis ,  ophthalmic  disease,  XII.  646,  1  b. 
Sclerotium  (botany),  VII.  529,  2  b.  S.  clavus, 
VI.  708,  2  a. 

Sclopis  de  Salerano,  Paolo  Federigo,  count 
[sklo'-pees  da  sa-la-ra'-no],  Italian  jurist, 
XIV.  695.  (Died  1878.) 

Scoffies,  Montagnais  so  called,  XII.  149,  1  a. 
ScoTce ,  plant  (poke),  XIII.  641,  1  b. 

Scolaro ,  Paolo  or  Paolino  [sko-la'-ro],  (Pope 
Clement  III.),  IV.  661,  1  a. 

Scolecoph’ agus  (ornithology),  VIII.  145,  1  b. 
S.  ferrugineus,  1  be,  II.  676,  1  b ;  cyanO' 
cephalus,  VIII.  145,  2  a. 

Scolex}  of  the  taenia,  VI.  666,  1  b  (ilk). 
Scol'ithus  (palaeontology),  XIV.  695.  S.  line¬ 
aris,  696,  1  a  (ill.,  695).  Referred  to,  XV. 
282,  2  b. 

Scolopaci'nce  (ornithology),  XV.  132,  2  b. 
Scol'opax  rustic'ola  (ornithology),  XVI.  707, 


SCOLOPENDRA 


SCRIVENERS’  PALSY  679 


2  ab  ;  II.  653;  2  c.  S.  gallinula,  ib.;  Wilsonii, 
654,  1  a. 

Scolopendra  (zoology),  IV.  203,  1  c,  2  b.  S. 
cingulata,  2  be  ;  morsitans,  2  c  (ill.).  Ner¬ 
vous  system  of,  XII.  234, 1  c. 

Scolopendrium  (botany),  VII.  150,  2  a  (ill.,  S. 
officinarum). 

Scolpos ,  firearms,  XII.  101,  1  a. 

Scol'ymus  Hispan'icus  (botany),  XII.  774,  2  be. 
Scomber  scombrus  (ichthyology),  X.  791,  2  b. 
S.  colias,  792, 1  ab ;  vernalis,  1  bo  (ill.)  ;  De- 
kayi,  794,  1  a. 

Scopas,  Greek  sculptor,  XIV.  696. 

Scops  (ornithology),  XII.  753,  1  c.  S.  Asio, 

2  a  (ill.) ;  Aldrovandi,  2  b. 

Scopus  (ornithology),  XVI.  107,  2  b.  S.  um- 
bretta,  2  c  (ill.). 

Scorbutus :  see  Scukvy. 

Scoresby,  William,  English  navigator,  XIV. 

696.  William,  explorer  and  clergyman,  1  be. 
See  Arctic  Discovery,  I.  671,  2  c. 

Scorifier,  in  assaying,  II.  27,  1  b. 

Scorpio  (zoology),  XIV.  696,  2  b.  S.  Europseus, 

697,  1  b ;  occitanus,  ib. ;  afer,  1  be  (ill.). 
Scorpion,  XIV.  696  (ill.,  697).  Book  scorpions, 

697,  2  a.  First  appearance  of,  XV.  266,  2  a. 
See  Arachnida. 

Scorzonera  Hispanica(  botany),  XII.  774, 2b  (ill.). 
Scot,  Reginald,  English  author,  XIV.  697. 
Scotch  pig  iron ,  XIV.  699,  1  b. 

Scoter:  see  Duck,  VI.  291,  1  c. 

Scotia ,  in  the  Ionic  order,  I.  657,  1  c. 

Scotia ,  a  name  of  Ireland,  IX.  356,  1  c. 

Scotists ,  followers  of  Duns  Scotus,  VI.  318,  2  c. 
Scotland,  county,  XIV.  697. 

Scotland,  kingdom,  XIV.  697.  (Map.)  Coast, 
2  c.  Topography,  698,  1  a.  Hydrography, 
2  a.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  c.  Climate, 
699,  2  a.  Flora  and  fauna,  2  b.  Divisions 
and  population,  2  c.  Agriculture,  701,  1  a. 
Mines,  1  c.  Fisheries,  2  a.  Manufactures, 
2  b.  Commerce,  702,  1  ab.  Intercommuni¬ 
cation,  1  be.  Government,  2  ab.  Finances, 
703,  1  ab.  Religion,  1  b.  Education,  1  c. 
Periodical  press,  2  b.  History,  2  c.  See 
England. 

Scotland,  Church  of:  see  Presbyterianism, 
XIII.  810,  1  b.  Guarantee  for  its  integrity 
in  the  treaty  of  union,  VII.  468,  1  a ;  XIII. 
810,  2  be. 

Scots ,  Celtic  tribe,  IX.  355,  2  a  (Scoti),  356, 
1  be ;  XIV.  704,  1  c. 

Scott,  name  of  eleven  counties,  XIV.  706. 
Scott,  David,  Scottish  artist,  XIV.  707. 


Scott,  Michael,  reputed  wizard,  XIV.  707. 

Popular  tradition  of,  VI.  483,  1  a. 

Scott,  Thomas,  English  clergyman,  XIV.  707. 
Scott,  Sir  Walter,  Scottish  author,  XIV.  707. 
Controversy  with  Gourgaud,  VIII.  131,  2  c. 
Scott  monument,  VI.  406,  1  c  (ill.).  His 
recommendation  of  Irving  to  Murray,  IX. 
420,  2  a.  * 

Scott,  Winfield,  American  general,  XIV.  710. 
Scottophis  guttatus  (zoology),  V.  114,  2  b  ;  IV. 

420,  2  c.  S.  quadrivittatus,  ib. 

Scottsville ,  county  seat,  I.  328,  1  b. 

Scotus,  Duns  :  see  Duns  Scotus. 

Scotus,  John:  see  Erigena. 

Scougal,  Henry,  Scottish  clergyman,  XIV.  711. 
“  Scourge  of  God :  ”  see  Attila,  II.  95,  1  c. 

“  Scouring  the  horse  f  custom  of  the  Berkshire 
peasantry,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Scouring  rush ,  plant,  VIII.  832,  1  b. 

Scranton,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XIV.  711. 
Scraper ,  in  drilling  rock,  II.  699,  1  be. 

Scratch ,  in  the  prize  ring,  XIV.  74,  1  ab. 

“  Scratches ,”  in  the  horse,  VI.  695,  1  c. 
Screamer,  bird,  XIV.  711.  Horned  screamer, 
2  c  (ill.);  faithful,  712,  1  a. 

Screen ,  for  cleaning  rice,  XIV.  309, 1  be. 

Screen ,  VIII.  604,  1  b  (Hedge). 

Screens,  for  anthracite,  IV.  68,  1  a. 

Screw,  one  of  the  mechanical  powers,  XIV. 
712  ;  XI.  329, 1  a  (ill.).  Hunter’s  differential 
screw,  1  be.  Endless  screw,  ib.  (ill.). 

Screio  engine:  see  Steam  Engine,  XV.  346, 
2  ab  (ill.).  The  screw,  348,  2  c ;  Griffith’s, 
349,  1  be,  2  a.  Pitch  of,  2  a ;  thrust  of,  2  c. 
Tug-boat  screw,  1  b  (ill.) ;  Hirsh,  2  a  (ilk). 
First  naval  screw  vessel,  354,  1  b.  First 
screw  line-of-battle  ship,  XII.  186,  2  b.  U.  S. 
screw  ship  of  war  Wabash  (ill.),  187. 

Screw  pine ,  XIII.  36,  2  b ;  XI.  291,  2  c. 

Screw  Propeller  :  see  Steam  Navigation. 
Scribbling  machine,  for  carding  wool,  XVI. 
718,  2  c. 

Scribe,  Augustin  Eugene  [skreeb],  French 
dramatist,  XIV.  712. 

Scribes,  among  the  Hebrews,  XIV.  713. 
Scriblerus  club:  see  Pope,  XIII.  709,  2  ab. 
Scripto'res  libra' rii,  copyists,  XI.  131,  1  c. 
Scriptorium,  copying  room,  XI,  131,  2  a. 
Scriptures,  Holy  :  see  Bible,  and  VIII.  591, 
1  a ;  XIV.  395,  1  a. 

Scriv'en,  county,  XIV.  713. 

Scrivener,  Frederick  Henry,  English  clergy¬ 
man  and  scholar,  XIV.  71 3. 

Scriveners’  Palsy,  XIV.  713. 


680 


SCROFULA 


SEA  LEMON'S 


Scrof'ula,  disease,  XIY.  714.  Scrofulous  oph¬ 
thalmia,  XII.  645,  2  b. 

Scrubber ,  for  purifying  gas,  VII.  637,  1  b. 
Scruple,  weight,  XIV.  714. 

Scud'amore  (Sir  Charles,  M.  I).,  1778-1850),  on 
coagulation  of  the  blood  (“  Essay  on  the 
Blood,”  1824),  II.  733, 1  be,  c,  2  be. 

Scudder,  John,  American  missionary,  XIV. 

714.  Ilenry  Martyn,  clergyman,  715,  1  a. 
Scudery,  Georges  de  [skii-da-re],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XIV.  715.  Madeleine  de,  Mile.,  author¬ 
ess,  1  b. 

Sculls ,  double ,  row  boats,  XIV.  458,  2  b. 
Sculpin  :  see  Bullhead,  III.  426,  2  c,  427,  1  b. 

Deep-water,  XIV.  739,  2  a. 

Sculpture,  XIV.  715.  Materials  for,  2  a.  Poly- 
chromic  sculpture,  716, 1  ab;  polylithic,  ib. ; 
chryselephantine,  1  b.  Origin,  ib.  Eastern, 
2  a;  Egyptian,  717,  1  a;  Etruscan,  2  a; 
Greek,  2  c;  Roman,  720,  1  c;  Italian,  721, 

1  a,  XII.  796,  2  c;  French,  &c.,  XIV.  722, 

2  b ;  Spanish,  2  c  ;  German,  ib. ;  Danish, 
723,  1  a ;  English,  1  ab ;  American,  1  b. 

Soup :  see  Scuppaug. 

Scuppaug',  fish,  XIV.  723  (ill.). 

Scuryy,  disease,  XIV.  724. 

Scurvy  Grass,  XIV.  724  (ill.).  Another,  2  c. 
Scutari  [skoo'-ta-re],  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
XIV.  725 ;  V.  277,  1  b.  Of  European  Tur¬ 
key,  XIV.  725,  1  ab.  Lake  of,  1  b. 
Scutching,  of  flax,  VII.  265,  1  a.  Of  cotton, 
V.  413,  2  a. 

Scutellaria  (botany),  XV.  81,  2  b.  S.  galericu- 
lata,  2  c  (ill.). 

Scutibranchiates,  order  of  mollusks,XIV.725. 
Scutigera  [sku-tij'-e-ra],  (zoology),  IV.  203, 2  ab. 
Scutum ,  shield,  XIV.  853,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Scylla  :  see  Sciglio,  and  Charybdis  and 
ScYLLA. 

Scylla’ um :  see  Sciglio. 

Scylli’ida  (ichthyology),  XIV.  826,  2  c. 
Scyllium  (ichthyology),  VI.  183,  2  b  ;  XIV. 
827,  1  a. 

Scym’nida  (ichthyology),  XIV.  829,  2  b. 
Scymnus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  829,  2  b. 
Scymnus  (entomology),  X.  90,  2  b. 

Scytale  [si'-ta-le],  IV.  602,  2  a  (Cipher). 
Scythe  and  Sickle,  XIV.  725. 

Scythia,  in  ancient  geography,  XIV.  725.  Scyth¬ 
ians,  2  c,  726, 1  b  ;  XL  332,  2  a ;  XVI.  42, 1  c. 
Scythianus,  alleged  founder  of  the  Manichasans, 
XI.  106,  2  c. 

Scythop'olis,  town  of  Palestine,  XIV.  726. 
Sea  :  see  Ocean. 


Sea  Anemone  :  see  Actinia. 

Sea  aprons ,  species  of  algas,  I.  299,  1  c. 

Sea  artemisia ,  XVI.  731,  1  a. 

Sea  Bear  :  see  Seal,  XIV.  734,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Sea  beet ,  II.  472,  1  a. 

Seabury,  Samuel,  American  clergyman,  XIV. 

726.  Samuel  (2d),  clergyman,  2  b. 

Sea  Cat,  fish,  XIV.  726.  Northern,  727,  1  b 
(ill.).  Wolf  fish  so  called,  XVI.  698,  2  c. 
Sea  chicken,  fish,  VI.  219,  2  ab. 

Sea  conch ,  shell,  XV.  875,  2  be  (ill.). 

Sea  Cow  :  see  Manatee,  and  VIII.  741,  2  a. 
Sea  Cucumber,  marine  animal,  XIV.  727  (ills.). 
Sea  slug,  2  be ;  biche  de  mar  or  tripang,  728, 
2  be :  see  XII.  783,  1  a. 

Sea  date  shell :  see  Stone  Borer,  XV.  400,  2  b. 
Sea  Devil  :  see  Goose  Fish,  VIII.  109,  2  c. 
Sea  dog :  see  Seal,  XIV.  731,  1  be. 

Sea  Doye  :  see  Auk. 

Sea  ducks :  see  Eider  Duck,  VI.  482,  1  a. 

Sea  Egg  :  see  Echinus,  VI.  887,  1  b. 

Sea  Elephant  :  see  Seal,  XIV.  733,  1  c. 

Sea  Fan,  polyp,  XIV.  729  (ill.). 

Sea  firs,  marine  animals,  VIII.  165,  2  c. 

Sea  Fox:  see  Shark,  XIV.  829,  2  a  (ill.). 

Sea  grapes :  see  Squid,  XV.  294,  1  c. 

Sea  gypsies,  referred  to,  II.  264,  2  be. 

Seaham,  harbor  of,  X.  622,  1  ab. 

Sea  hare :  see  Mollusca,  XI.  723,  1  a. 

Sea  Hog  :  see  Porpoise,  XIII.  719,  2  c. 

Sea  Horse,  osseous  fish,  XIV.  729  (ill.).  See 
Walrus. 

Sea  Kale,  plant,  XIV.  729  (ill.,  730). 

Seal,  aquatic  mammal,  XIV.  730.  Anatomy, 

1  c.  Character,  731,  1  a.  Seal  fishery,  2  ab, 
734,  2  a;  VII.  536,  1  be,  538,  1  ab.  Com¬ 
mon  seal,  XIV.  732,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  Greenland  or 
harp,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  narrow-muzzled,  2  b  ;  leop¬ 
ard,  ib. ;  white-bellied  or  monk,  2  c  ;  hooded 
or  crested,  733,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  bottled-nosed,  or 
sea  elephant,  1  c.  Sea  lion,  northern,  2  c  ; 
southern,  734,  1  a  (ill.,  733).  Sea  bear, 
northern  (fur  seal),  1  ab  (ill.) ;  southern, 

2  b.  Bachelor  seals,  1  c,  2  ab.  Fossil  re¬ 
mains,  2  be. 

Seal,  signet,  XIV.  734.  Form,  735,  1  ah. 
Material  for  sealing,  1  b.  Devices,  1  c. 
Seals  in  place  of  or  with  signatures,  2  b, 
V.  289,  2  b ;  validity  of  an  instrument,  ib. 
Definition  of  a  seal,  XIV.  736,  lb;  V.  290, 
1  a.  Significance  in  law,  XIV.  736,  1  c ; 
implies  a  consideration,  ib.  Common  law  in 
relation  to  sealed  instruments,  V.  289,  2  b. 
Sea  lemons,  marine  animals,  XI.  722,  2  c. 


SEAL 


SECEDERS 


681 


Seal  Exgrating  :  see  Gem,  VII.  663,  1  a  (gem 
engraving). 

Sea  Leopard:  see  Seal,  XIV.  732,  2  b. 

Seale's  Station ,  county  seat,  XIV.  474,  2  be. 

Sea  lettuce ,  marine  plant,  XII.  774,  1  a. 

Seal  Fishery  :  see  Seal  (Index). 

Sealing  pan :  see  Sewerage,  XIV.  797,  2  be. 

Sealing  wax ,  X.  76,  1  c. 

Sea  Lion  :  see  Seal,  XIV.  733,  2  b  (ill.). 

Seal  islands :  see  Lobos  Islands. 

Seal  meadows ,  floating  ice  fields,  XIV.  731,  2  b. 

Sealsfield,  Charles,  German  author,  XIV.  736. 

Seaman,  XIV.  736.  Terms  and  conditions  of 
service,  2  b,  ff.  Shipping  articles,  2  be.  Ob¬ 
ligations  of  ship  owner  or  master,  737,  1  a. 
Punishment  for  disobedience,  1  c.  Desertion 
as  distinguished  from  absence,  2  ab.  Sail¬ 
or’s  right  to  be  brought  home,  2  c.  Relation 
of  freight  to  wages,  738,  1  b. 

Sea  mats :  see  Polyzoa,  XIII.  691,  1  a. 

Sea  mew  :  see  Mew. 

Sea  mice ,  XII.  229,  1  be.  Common  sea  mouse, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Sea  monh :  see  Squid,  XV.  294,  2  c. 

Sea  Mosses  :  see  Polyzoa,  XIII.  691,  1  a. 

Sea  mouse  :  see  Sea  mice  (Index). 

Sea  Nettle:  see  Acalepiue,  and  Jelly  Fish. 

Sea  pens :  see  Polyp,  XIII.  689,  2  a. 

Sea  Pie:  see  Oyster  Catcher,  XII.  774,  1  a. 

Sea  Porcupine,  fish,  XIV.  738.  Balloon  fish¬ 
es,  2  c  (ill.,  739).  Atinga,  ib.  Puffer  (swell 
fish),  739,  1  c  (ill.).  Other  names,  ib. 

Sea  Raven,  fish,  XIV.  739.  Common,  2  a 
(ill.).  Other  names,  ib. 

Search,  Right  of,  by  a  belligerent  on  the  high 
seas,  XIV.  739.  Doctrine  of  international 
law,  2  c.  Concession  to  belligerents  in  time 
of  war,  ib.  English  doctrines  of,  740,  1  b; 
IX.  595,  1  b;  XVI.  163,  1  a.  See  Neu¬ 
trality,  XII.  261,  1  c  ;  Prize,  XIV.  21,  1  be. 

Searcy  [sur'-se],  county,  XIV.  740. 

Searcy ,  county  seat,  XVI.  602,  2  a. 

Sea  Robin  :  see  Gurnard,  VIII.  335,  2  a. 

Sears,  Barnas,  American  clergyman  and  edu¬ 
cator,  XIV.  740.  President  of  Brown  uni¬ 
versity,  2  a.  Agent  of  the  Peabody  educa¬ 
tion  fund,  ib. 

Sears,  Edmund  Hamilton,  clergyman,  XIV.  740. 

Scars,  Capt.  Isaac  (1 729— ’86,  merchant  of  New 
York),  referred  to,  XIV.  350,  2  c. 

Sea  Serpent,  XIV.  740;  829,  1  a.  Factitious 
skeleton  of,  XVI.  748,  2  be. 

Sea  Sickness,  XIV.  741.  Remedies  and  pre¬ 
ventives,  2  a. 


Seaside  grape,  X.  13,  1  a. 

Sea  slugs ,  XIV.  727,  2  b ;  XII.  783,  1  a. 

Sea  snail:  see  Lump  Fisn,  X.  714,  1  ab. 

Sea  Snipe  :  see  Bellows  Fisn,  and  Pipe  Fish, 

XIII.  537,  1  a. 

Seasoning,  of  wood,  XVI.  704,  1  a. 

Seasons,  XIV.  741  (ill.,  742).  Astronomical 
length  of,  XVI.  775,  1  c. 

Sea  Spider,  marine  arachnid,  XIV.  742  (ill.). 
See  Spider  Crab. 

Sea  Squirt,  marine  animal,  XIV.  742. 

Sea  Swallow  :  see  Tern.  Fish  so  called,  VII. 
298,  1  ab. 

Seat,  of  the  hare,  VIII.  456,  2  ab. 

Seaton,  William  Winston,  American  journalist, 

XIV.  742. 

Seattle ,  county  seat,  IX.  834,  1  c. 

Sea  Unicorn  :  see  Narwhal. 

Sea  Urchin  :  see  Echinus,  and  XV.  400,  2  c. 
Sea  Weeds  :  see  Alg^e,  I.  299,  1  c  ;  Flag,  VII. 
247,  2  c ;  Fucus ;  and  Atlantic  Ocean,  II. 
78,  2  b. 

Sea  Wolf  :  see  Wolf  Fish. 

Seb,  Egyptian  divinity,  VI.  464,  1  a;  XII.  116, 
2  b,  c. 

Seba,  XIV.  834,  2  c  (Sheba). 

Sebaceous  matter,  of  the  skin,  I.  119,  1  b,  2  b. 
Sebago  pond  (about  10  by  12  m.),  V.  566,  1  ab. 
Sebas'te  :  see  Samaria,  XIV.  589,  2  a. 

Sebastes  Norvegicus  (ichthyology),  VIII.  368, 1  a. 
Sebas'tia  [classically,  seb-as-tl'-a],  ancient  city, 

XV.  72,  2  be. 

Sebastian,  county,  XIV.  742. 

Sebastian,  Dom,  king  of  Portugal,  XIV.  742 ; 

XIII.  740,  2  a. 

Sebastian,  Saint,  Roman  martyr,  XIV.  743. 
Sebastiani,  Francois  Horace  Bastien,  count 
[sa-bas-tya-ne],  French  soldier,  XIV.  743. 
Referred  to,  I.  259,  2  be. 

Sebastianists,  fanatical  sect,  II.  267,  2  b. 
Sebas'topol  [correctly,  seb-as-to'-pol],  fortified 
city  in  the  Crimea,  XIV.  743.  Siege  of,  V. 
485,  1  b. 

Sebora'im ,  Jewish  thinkers,  VIII.  595,  2  a. 
Sebustieh  [sa-boos-te'-eh],  site  of  Samaria, 

XIV.  589,  2  ab. 

Seca'le  (botany),  XIV.  503,  2  b.  S.  cereale,  ib. 

(ill.,  504).  S.  cornutum,  VI.  708,  1  c  (ill.). 
Secalia,  VI.  708,  2  ab  (Ergot). 

Se'cant,  in  trigonometry,  XV.  866,  1  a. 

Secchi,  Pietro  Angelo  [sek'-ke],  Italian  astron¬ 
omer,  XIV.  744.  (Died  1878.) 

Seceders,  from  the  Scottish  state  church,  VI 
139,  2  b. 


682 


SECESSION 


s£gu  R 


Secession ,  of  the  southern  states :  see  Con- 
fedeeate  States  of  Ameeica  (Index) ; 
United  States,  XVI.  174,  1  b,  £ ;  Davis, 
Jefferson,  713,  1  a,  ff. ;  Lincoln,  Abraham, 
X.  492,  1  c.  Ordinance  of  secession  passed 
without  the  assent  of  the  people  in  Ala¬ 
bama,  I.  233,  1  b;  in  Tennessee,  IX.  659, 

1  a;  in  Mississippi,  XI.  657,  1  c ;  in  North 
Carolina,  XII.  496,  2  a;  first  passed  by 
South  Carolina,  XV.  199,  1  ab. 

Secession  church ,  Scottish,  VI.  139,  2  be.  See 

XIII.  811,  1  be. 

Sechuana  dialect  [sech-wa'-na],  (language  of 
the  Bechuana),  I.  171,  1  c. 

Seckendoef,  Veit  Ludwig  von,  German  schol¬ 
ar,  XIV.  744.  Friedrich  Heinrich,  count, 
soldier,  2  a;  IV.  299,  1  b. 

Seckee,  Thomas,  English  prelate,  XIV.  744. 
Second,  a  division  of  time  or  space,  XIV.  744. 
Second  Adventists,  religious  sect,  XIV.  745. 

Seventh  Day  Adventists,  2  a. 

Secondaries ,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Seconde  [Fr.  suh-gongd],  in  fencing, VII.  120,  2  b. 
Seconds ,  in  weight :  see  Sceuple. 

Seceetaey  Bied,  XIV.  745  (ill.,  746). 
Seceetion:  see  Gland. 

Secret  societies ,  opposition  to,  I.  104,  1  c. 
Secro'le ,  English  settlement  in  Benares,  II.  515, 

2  a. 

Sectoe,  in  geometry,  XIV.  746.  Instrument,  lb. 
Seculae  Games,  Roman,  XIV.  746. 
Seculaeism,  a  system  of  civilization :  see 
Holyoake,  VIII.  774,  2  c. 

Secundus,  Johannes  :  see  Johannes  Seoundus. 
Sedaine,  Michel  Jean  [sa-dain],  French  dram¬ 
atist,  XIV.  746. 

Sedalia,  town  of  Missouri,  XIV.  747. 

Sedan'  [Fr.  sa-dang],  fortified  town  of  France, 

XIV.  747.  Sedan  chairs  (for  passengers, 
carried  by  hand),  1  b.  Battle  of,  VII.  397, 
la;  X.  800,  1  b  ;  XVI.  654,  1  b. 

Sedan  black,  color,  VI.  342,  2  ab. 

Sedanum :  see  Sedan. 

Sedative  salt  (boric  acid),  III.  96,  1  a. 

Sedge,  plant,  XIV.  747  (ill.).  Sand  sedge 
(German  sarsaparilla),  748,  1  a. 

Sedgwick,  county,  XIV.  748. 

Sedgwick,  Adam,  English  geologist,  XIV.  748. 
Sedgwick,  John,  American  soldier,  XIV.  748. 
Sedgwick,  Theodore,  American  statesman, 
XIV.  749.  Theodore,  lawyer,  1  b.  Susan 
Ridley,  authoress,  1  c.  Catharine  Maria, 
authoress,  ib.  Theodore,  lawTyer,  2  a. 
Sedilia ,  in  a  chancel,  IV.  253,  2  b. 


Sedition  law :  see  Alien  and  sedition  laws  (In¬ 
dex).  A  victim  of,  V.  310,  1  c  (Coopee). 
Sedley,  Sir  Charles,  English  poet,  XIV.  749. 
Seduction,  XIV.  749.  In  common  law,  and 
in  the  French  and  Prussian,  2  c,  ff.  In 
England  and  the  United  States,  750,  1  b. 
Parent’s  right  to  service,  2  ab.  Legal  com¬ 
plainant,  2  be.  Proof  of  the  crime,  2  c. 
Recent  statutes,  751,  1  a. 

Sedum,  genus  of  plants,  XIV.  751.  S.  tele- 
phium,  1  c  (ill.) ;  acre,  2  b  (ill.) ;  ternatum, 
pulchellum,  and  rhodiola,  2  c ;  carneum  va- 
riegatum,  and  spectabile  or  Fabaria,  752, 1  a; 
Sieboldii,  1  b  (ill.).  Parts  of  sedum,  XIII. 
585,  1  ab  (ills.). 

Seebach,  Marie  [za'-bakh],  German  actress, 
XIV.  752. 

Seed,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  574,  2  a.  Seed  leaves, 
575,  1  ab,  X.  267,  1  b;  of  tobacco,  XV. 
782,  2  b.  Nurture  and  distribution  of  seeds, 

XIII.  591,  2  b. 

Seedling  fruit ,  XIII.  207,  1  a;  potatoes,  766, 
1  be ;  strawberries,  XV.  415,  2  a. 

Seekonk  river,  XIV.  291,  2  c;  42,  2  be. 
Seeland,  island  of  Denmark,  XIV.  752. 
Seeley,  John  Robert,  English  author,  XIV.  752. 
Seemann,  Berthold  [za'-man],  German  natural¬ 
ist,  XIV.  752. 

Seemuller,  Anne  Moncure:  see  Ceane,  Anne 
Moncure. 

Seeress  of  Prevorst :  see  Prevorst  (Index). 
Sefaradic  (pronunciation  of  Hebrew),  VIII. 
599,  1  be. 

Segesta ,  ruins  of,  I.  260,  1  a. 

Seggar ,  case  for  baking  fine  stone  ware,  XIII. 

789,  2  c  (ill.,  790). 

Segment  of  an  arc ,  I.  640,  1  c. 

Segneei,  Paolo  [sa-nya'-re],  Italian  orator, 

XIV.  752. 

Segni,  Einaldo  di  (Pope  Alexander  IV.),  I. 
279,  2  ab. 

Segona ,  river  :  see  Saone. 

Segontium,  Roman  station,  site  of,  IV.  7,  1  a. 
Segovia,  province  of  Spain,  XIV.  752.  Capi¬ 
tal,  753,  1  a.  Alcazar,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Segreti,  i  [e  sa-gra'-te],  literary  society,  XIII. 
721,  2  ab. 

Seguin,  Edouard  [suli-gang],  French  physician, 
XIV.  753.  On  idiocy,  IX.  169,  1  be,  ff. 
Seguin  [se'-gwin],  county  seat,  VIII.  276,  1  b. 
Segue,  Philippe  Henri,  marquis  de  [sa-giir], 
French  soldier,  XIV.  753.  Louis  Philippe, 
count,  historian,  2  c.  Philippe  Paul  de, 
count,  historian,  754,  1  a. 


SEHIRIM 


SEMEN 


683 


Sehirim  [sa-he-reem'] :  see  Fairies,  VII.  63, 1  c. 
Seiches  [saish] :  see  Geneva,  lake,  VII.  671, 1  a. 
Seidlitz ,  general :  see  Seydlitz. 

Seidlitz  Powders  :  see  Rochelle  Salt. 
Seidlitz  Water  [side'-  or  sed'-lits],  XIV.  754. 
Artificial,  1  be. 

Seigniorage  [se'-nyur-age],  charge  for  coinage, 

XI.  617,  1  c. 

Seine  [sain],  for  mackerel  fishing,  X.  792,  2  a. 
Seine,  river  of  France,  XIV.  754. 

Seine,  department  of  France,  XIV.  754. 
Seine-et-Marne  [-a-marn],  XIV.  754. 
Seine-et-Oise  [-a-waz],  XIV.  754. 
Seine-Inferieure  [-ang-fa-re-ur],  XIV.  754. 
Seisin  [se'-zin] :  see  Livery  of  Seisin. 
Seismology  [sice-mol'-o-je],  VI.  359,  2  be. 
Seismographs,  363, 1  c.  Seismic  focus,  367, 
1  c.  Seismometer,  Cacciatore’s,  363,  2  c ; 
Lamont’s,  ib. ;  Palmieri’s,  ib. ;  Mallet’s,  364, 
1  a ;  Kreil’s,  1  b. 

Seistan  [sais-tan'J,  province  of  Afghanistan, 
XIV.  755. 

Seiurus  aurocapillus  [se-yu'-rus],  (ornithology), 

XII.  745,  2  a.  S.  Noveboracensis,  XV.  729, 

1  b. 

Seja'nus,  Lucius  iElius,  Roman  conspirator, 
XIV.  755. 

Sejour,  Victor  [sa-zhoor],  French  dramatist, 
XIV.  755. 

Sela  (Petra),  VI.  409,  2  b. 

Selachians  [se-la'-ke-anz],  cartilaginous  fishes, 
XIV.  755  ;  826,  1  c  ;  IV.  41,  2  be. 

Selachus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  828,  2  c.  S. 

maximus,  829,  1  a  (ill.) ;  elephas,  1  be. 
Selaginella  (botany),  X.  745,  1  ab.  S.  Kraus- 
siana  and  lepidophylla,  1  b. 

Selandria  (zoology),  XV.  109,  1  b.  S.  vitis, 
XIV.  654,  1  c  (ill.). 

Selassye ,  Walda ,  Abyssinian  chief,  I.  46,  2  b. 
Selbig ,  Elisa,  nom  de  plume,  I.  211,  1  b. 
Selborne,  Lord  [sel'-burn]  :  see  Palmer, 
Roundell. 

“  Selborne ,  Natural  History  of”  XVI.  603, 1  b. 
Selden,  John,  English  author,  XIV.  755. 
Selectmen :  see  Town,  XV.  827,  2  b. 

Selembria :  see  Peneus  (Index). 

Sele'ne  :  see  Luna,  and  Diana,  VI.  77,  2  a. 
Sel'enite  :  see  Gypsum,  VIII.  358,  1  c. 
Selenium,  elementary  substance,  XIV.  756. 
Selenides,  1  b.  Selenious  acid,  selenic  acid, 
selenites,  seleniates,  1  c. 

Seleni' uretted  hydrogen ,  XIV.  756,  1  c. 
Seleu'cia  [classically,  seh-lu-sl'-a],  several  an¬ 
cient  cities,  XIV.  756.  S.  on  the  Tigris,  1  c. 


Destruction  of,  V.  234,  2  a.  S.  Pieria,  strong 
fortress  of  northern  Syria,  XIV.  756,  2  ab. 

Seleucidce,  dynasty  of  the,  XIV.  757,  1  b.  Era 
of  the,  ib. 

Seleuci'des  alba  (ornithology),  II.  651,  2  c  (ill.). 

Seleucus  I.,  Nicator,  founder  of  the  Syrian 
monarchy,  XIV.  756. 

Seleucus  Cybiosactes ,  Syrian  pretender,  II.  552, 
2  b. 

Self-Defence,  law  of,  XIV.  757. 

Self-denying  ordinance ,  in  parliament,  V.  502, 
2  b  (Cromwell)  ;  VI.  736,  2  ab  (Essex). 

Self -fecundation,  of  insects,  XIII.  132,  2  c. 

Selfs,  seedling  tulips  (plain-colored),  XVI.  26,2  b. 

Selim  (Jehanghir),  IX.  208,  2  be. 

Selim  L,  sultan  of  Turkey,  XVI.  61,  1  c.  Selim 
II.  (1566-74),  XV.  160,  1  a ;  mosque  of,  I. 
132,  1  b.  Selim  III.,  XVI.  61,  2  be  (killed 
1808). 

Selinunte  [sa-le-noon'-ta],  site  of  Selinus,  XIV. 
757,  2  a. 

Selinuntine  marbles  [sel-e-nun'-tin],  XIV.  757, 
2  ab. 

Seli'nus,  ancient  Greek  colony  of  Sicily,  XIV. 
757.  Ruins,  2  a. 

Selish,  Indian  tribe,  VII.  261,  1  be. 

Seljoolcs :  see  Seljuks. 

SeljuTc  [sel-jook'J,  Tartar  chief:  see  Seljuks. 

Seljuks,  Asiatic  tribe,  XIV.  757.  Seljuk  dy¬ 
nasty  in  Persia,  XIII.  323,  1  c.  First  em¬ 
ployed  as  the  caliphs’  body  guard,  I.  341,  2  a. 

Selldrk,  town  of  Scotland,  XIV.  758,  1  b. 

Selkirk,  Alexander,  Scottish  seaman,  XIV. 
757.  See  Defoe,  and  Juan  Fernandez. 

SelJciric  settlement ,  in  Manitoba,  XI.  114,  1  c. 

Selkirkshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XIV.  758. 

“ Seller's  option ,”  in  stock  dealing,  XV.  388,  2  a. 

Selligue  [sa-leeg],  his  process  of  making  water 
gas,  VII.  640,  1  c.  Distillation  of  coal  oils 
by  him,  IX.  812,  1  a-2  a. 

Selli'nce,  XIV.  693,  1  a  (Scilly  Islands). 

Selma,  city  of  Alabama,  XIV.  758. 

Setters  water :  see  Seltzer  Water  (Index). 

Seltzer  Water  :  see  Mineral  Springs,  XI. 
594,  1  b. 

Selwyn,  George  Augustus,  English  clergyman, 
XIV.  758.  (Died  1878.) 

Semangs,  a  Malay  race,  XI.  60,  2  a. 

Semaphore ,  kind  of  telegraph,  XV.  609,  1  c. 

Semele  [sem'-e-le],  in  mythology,  XIV.  758; 
II.  193,  1  c. 

Semendria,  town  of  Servia,  XIV.  758. 

Semen  santonicce,  sanctum ,  or  contra,  drug, 
XVI.  730,  2  c. 


684 


SEMI-ARIANS 


SEPARATISTS 


Semi-Arians  (liomoiousians),  I.  700,  2  a. 
Semiglyph ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  a. 
Semi-mutes ,  V.  727,  2  c.  Instruction  of,  739,  2  c. 
Sem'ina  cataputice  minoris ,  VI.  777,  2  be. 
^eminoles,  Indian  nation,  XIV.  758.  Seminole 
wars,  ib. ;  VII.  284,  2  be  ;  IX.  491, 1  c ;  493, 

1  c ;  XII.  716,  2  c. 

Semi-ovip'arans:  see  Megasthenes,  XI.  359, 2  b. 
Semiozernoi  convent ,  in  Kazan,  IX.  776,  2  c  (ill.). 
Semipolatinsk',  province  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
XIV.  759.  Capital,  760,  1  a. 

Semie'amis,  queen  of  Assyria,  XIV.  760  ;  I.  723, 

2  ab;  II.  33,  2  c,  34,  2  ab ;  479,  2  c ;  XVI. 
252,  1  a. 

Semiramis  of  Lucca ,  sister  of  Napoleon,  III. 
25,  2  be. 

Semiramis  of  the  North ,  sovereigns  so  called, 
XI.  157,  2  ab ;  IV.  113,  1  b. 

Semi-Salic  law  of  succession ,  in  England,  VI. 
626,  1  a. 

Semitic  Race  and  Languages,  XIV.  760.  Al¬ 
phabets,  761,  2  c  (table  of,  762);  XIII.  455, 
2  c  (table,  Phoenician,  456) ;  XV.  547,  2  ab 
(table,  Syriac)  ;  XVI.  739,  1  a.  Semitic  idi¬ 
oms  of  Abyssinia,  I.  171,  1  ab.  See  Akabic 
Language  and  Liteeatuee,  and  Ethiopia, 
Languages  and  Literature  of. 

Semitones ,  in  music,  I.  70,  1  c. 

Semi-uncial  icriting ,  XI.  134,  1  a. 

Semlee,  Johann  Salomo  [zem'-ler],  German 
theologian,  XIV.  762. 

Semlin  [zem-leen'],  town  of  Slavonia,  XIV.  762. 
Semmeeing,  Alpine  mountain  chain,  XIV.  762. 
Railway,  763,  1  a. 

Semmes,  Raphael  [semz],  American  naval  of¬ 
ficer,  XIV.  763.  (Died  1877.) 

Semneh,  Egyptian  fortress,  VI.  749,  1  c. 
Semnopithe'cus  (zoology),  XI.  752,  2  b;  753, 
2  a.  S.  entellus,  2  be  (ill.). 

Sempach  [zem'-pakh],  town  of  Switzerland, 
XIV.  763.  Battle  of,  ib. :  see  "Winkeleied. 
Sempee,  Gottfried,  German  architect,  XIV.  763. 

Hans,  professor,  2  b.  Karl,  traveller,  ib. 
Sempervivum  (botany),  IX.  12,  2  c.  S.  tecto- 
rum,  13, 1  a,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  calcareum,  2  a  ;  arach- 
noideum,  ib.  (ill.) ;  arboreum,  2  ab  (ill.);  glu- 
tinosum,  2  c. 

Semple,  Robert  Baylor,  American  clergyman, 
XIV.  763. 

Sena ,  island  of  Gaul,  VI.  271,  1  b  (Deuids). 
Senac,  Jean  Baptiste  [sa-nak],  French  physi¬ 
cian,  XIV.  763.  Gabriel  Senac  de  Meilhan, 
author,  764,  1  a. 

Sena  Gallica:  see  Sinigaglia. 


Senate,  deliberative  assembly,  XIV.  764. 

Senatobia ,  county  seat,  XV.  582,  2  ab. 

Sena'tus  academ'icus,  XVI.  211,  2  c ;  213,  1  c. 

Senatus  consulta ,  decrees  of  the  Roman  senate, 
XIV.  764,  2  b;  IV.  619,  2  a. 

Senatus Consultum  de  Bacchanalibus ,  X.  193, 1  b. 

Seneca,  two  counties,  XIV.  765. 

Seneca ,  county  seat,  XII.  223,  2  a. 

Seneca,  Marcus  Annaeus,  Roman  rhetorician, 
XIV.  7 65.  Lucius  Annaeus,  philosopher,  2  b ; 
X.  196,  2  b. 

Seneca  Falls,  village  of  Xew  York,  XIV.  766. 

Seneca  Lake,  New  York,  XIV.  766. 

Seneca  Oil:  see  Peteoleum,  XIII.  367,  2  a. 

Seneca  snaJceroot,  XV.  130,  1  a  (ill.). 

Senecas,  Indian  nation,  XIV.  766 ;  IX.  412, 1  be. 

Senecio  scandens  (botany),  VII.  742,  2  c  (ill., 
743).  S.  vulgaris,  VIII.  270,  1  b ;  aureus 
and  elegans,  1  be. 

Senefeldee,  Aloys  [za'-neh-fel-der],  inventor 
of  lithography,  XIV.  767;  X.  526,  1  ab,  be. 

Senegal,  river  of  Africa,  XIV.  767. 

Senegal,  French  territory,  XIV.  767. 

Senegambia,  region  in  Africa,  XIV.  767. 

Senegine  [sen'-e-jin],  chemical  principle,  XV. 
130,  1  c. 

Se'nes ,  the  nine ,  VI.  271,  1  b  (Deuids). 

Seneschallus ,  of  Oxford,  XII.  762,  2  c. 

Senex  falcifer :  see  Scythe,  XIV.  725,  1  c. 

Senioe,  Nassau  William,  English  political  econ¬ 
omist,  XIV.  768;  XIII.  672,  2  ab. 

Senlis  [sang-leece],  town  of  France,  XIV.  768. 

Senna,  plant  and  drug,  XIV.  768  (ills.).  Ameri¬ 
can,  769,  2  a.  Confection  of,  XV.  561,  2  c. 

Sennaab  [sen-nar'],  country  of  Africa,  XIV. 
769. 

Sennacheeib  [sen-nak'-e-rib]  :  see  Assyeia, 
II.  35,  2  b. 

Senones  [sen'-o-neez],  ancient  Gauls,  VII.  648, 
2  a ;  XIV.  770,  1  c. 

Sens  [s&db],  town  of  France,  XIV.  770. 

Sensation ,  residual ,  in  harmony,  VIII.  469, 1  c. 

Sensibility ,  physiological ,  XIII.  485,  2  a ;  XII. 
233,  2  c. 

Sensitive  flames ,  XV.  175,  1  b.  See  Flame, 
VII.  255,  2  b. 

Sensitive  Plant:  see  Mimosa,  XI.  567,  2  a. 

Sensorium :  see  Coma,  V.  131,  1  ab. 

Senti'num ,  battle  of  XVI.  110, 1  b ;  VII.  647,2  b. 

Sepals ,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  585,  1  ab. 

“ Separated  Lutheran'1'1  churches ,  X.  535,  2  c. 

Separater ,  of  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  1  c. 

Separatists ,  those  Puritans  who  withdrew  from 
the  church  of  England,  referred  to,  V.  245,2  a. 


SEPEDOHIUM 


SERMANETO 


685 


Sepedonium  chrysospermum  (botany),  YIT.  531, 
2  b. 

Sephardim ,  a  division  of  the  Jews,  IX.  619, 1  ab. 
Sepher  Yetzirah,  cabalistic  treatise,  III.  521, 
1  b.  Sepher  haz-Zohar,  treatise,  ib. 

Sepia,  pigment,  XI  V.  770. 

Sepia  officinalis  (zoology),  Y.  596,  2  a  (ill.). 
Sepoys,  native  troops  of  India,  XIY.  770;  IX. 
209,  2  c.  Sepoy  revolt,  XIV.  770,  2  c;  II. 
833,  2  c;  III.  22,  1  a;  YI.  618,  2  c;  VIII. 
522,  1  ab ;  IX.  211,  1  b;  X.  233,  2  b,  c,  707, 
1  b*  XI.  357,  2  a;  XII.  129,  2  a,  741,  1  a. 
Seps,  genus  of  reptiles,  XIV.  771.  Four-toed 
seps,  1  ab.  S.  tridactylus,  1  b  (ill.). 
September,  month,  XIY.  771.  “Great  Sep¬ 
tember  gale”  in  1821,  XIY.  235,  1  b. 
September  massacres ,  in  France,  VII.  388,  1  a. 
Septem  Fratres,  mountain  range,  IY.  218,  2  ab. 
Sep'tennate,  the ,  term  of  office,  X.  800,  2  b. 
Septennial  act,  of  parliament,  VII.  703,  2  ab. 
Septicaemia,  puerperal,  XIY.  69,  1  b,  c. 
Septimania,  duchy  of:  see  Languedoc,  X.  152, 
1  a.  Province  of,  VII.  379,  2  ab. 

Septimius  Severus  :  see  Severus. 

Septinsular  republic,  IX.  330,  2  a. 

Septuagint:  see  Bible,  II.  613,  1  b. 

Septum,  nasal  partition,  XII.  516,  1  a.  Septa, 
in  marine  shells,  VIII.  98,  1  c. 

Sepulchre,  in  the  altar  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  I.  359,  2  b.  In  Greek  and  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  VIII.  101,  1  be. 
Sepulveda,  Juan  Ginez  de  [sa-pool'-va-£M], 
Spanish  historian,  XIV.  771.  His  attack 
upon  Las  Casas,  X.  179,  2  b. 

Sequana  [sek'-wa-na] :  see  Seine. 

Sequatchie,  county,  XIV.  771. 

Sequestrum,  separated  bone,  XII.  205,  2  c ; 
724,  1  b. 

Se'quin,  coin,  XIV.  771. 

Sequoia,  genus  of  trees,  XIV.  771.  Age  of, 
I.  184,  1  a;  size,  510,  2  a.  S.  sempervirens, 
XIV.  771,  2  c  (ill.,  772) ;  III.  606,  1  b.  S. 
gigantea,  XIV.  772,  2  a  (ill.),  773,  1  c;  III. 
606,  1  ab.  Age  of,  I.  184,  1  b ;  bark,  II. 
314,  1  a. 

Sequoyah,  county,  XIV.  773. 

Sequoyah  :  see  Guess,  George. 

Seraglio  [se-ral'-yo]  :  see  Constantinople, 
V.  275,  1  c. 

Serai  Humayun  [sa-rl'  hoo-ma-yoon']  :  see 
Seraglio  (Index). 

Seraing  [suh-rang],  village  of  Belgium,  XIV. 

773  ;  X.  417,  1  a.  See  Cockerill. 
Serampore',  town  of  India,  XIV.  773. 


Scrape  [sa-ra-pa'J,  kind  of  shawl,  VIII.  275, 
2  be  ;  292,  1  a. 

Serape'um  (temple  of  Serapis),  at  Alexandria, 
XIV.  773,  2  b;  at  Puteoli,  2  be;  at  Mem¬ 
phis,  2  c,  XI.  165,  2  b,  be. 

Seraphic  doctor  (Bonaventura),  III.  56,  1  a. 

Seraphine  [ser'-a-feen],  musical  instrument, 
XIV.  242,  2  b. 

Serapion,  abbot  (St.,  surnamed  Scholasticus, 
author  of  an  extant  treatise  against  the 
Manichseans),  referred  to,  XI.  728,  2  c. 

Sera'pis,  Egyptian  deity,  XIV.  773 ;  XII.  720, 
1  ab.  Statue  of,  VI.  568,  1  ab.  Shrine  and 
oracle  of :  see  Canopus. 

Serapis,  ship  of  war,  IX.  679,  1  ab. 

SerasJcier,  Turkish  title,  I.  723,  1  b. 

Serayevo  [sa-ra-ya'-vo] :  see  Bosna-Serai. 

Serbati  :  see  Rosmini  Serbati. 

Serbs :  see  Servia,  XIV.  780,  2  c. 

Serb  waywodeship  ofBanat  of  Femes,  II.  264, 2  a. 

Serena  [sa-ra'-na],  serenade,  XIV.  40,  2  a ; 
XII.  88,  2  b. 

Serendib,  a  name  of  Ceylon,  IV.  221,  2  c. 

Sereth  [ser-et'J,  river  (about  300  m.  long),  III. 
420,  1  b ;  XI.  703,  2  c,  704,  1  a. 

Serf,  feudal  slave,  XIV.  773.  Mediaeval  serf¬ 
dom,  774,  1  a.  In  France,  2  c;  in  Italy  and 
Germany,  775,  2  b;  in  England,  ib. ;  in  Po¬ 
land,  776,  1  a;  in  Hungary  (abolition  of), 
ib. ;  in  Russia,  1  ab.  Abolition  of  serfdom 
in  Prussia,  VIII.  452,  2  b.  Relaxation  of  it 
in  Russia,  I.  281,  1  b ;  partial  abolition,  283, 
1  ab ;  complete,  284,  2  b,  XIV.  494,  2  c, 
776,  1  b.  See  Allodium,  and  Feudal  Sys¬ 
tem,  VII.  162,  1  a,  ab. 

Serqeant  ["ser'-ient  or  sar'-ient],  origin  of  the 
title,  XIV.  535,  2  b. 

Sergeant,  lawyer,  X.  237,  1  b. 

Sergeant,  John  [sar'-jent],  American  jurist, 
XIV.  776. 

Sergipe  [sair-zhe'-pa],  province  of  Brazil,  XIV. 
776. 

Sergius  (Tychicus),  Paulician  leader,  XIII. 
177,  2  c. 

Serqius,  patriarch  of  Constantinople  (608-639), 
XI.  758,  1  b,  be. 

Seric’ulus  (ornithology),  XII.  694,  2  a. 

Serigny,  sieur  de  [suh-re-nye] :  see  Le  Moyne, 
X.  338,  1  b. 

Serinagur',  capital  of  Cashmere,  XIV.  776. 

Seringapatam',  city  of  Mysore,  XIV.  776. 

Seringat  (caoutchouc),  III.  735,  2  b. 

Sermaneto ,  Enrico  [sair-ma-na'-to] :  see  Caje- 
tan,  III.  560,  1  b. 


686 


SERMON 


SEVEN 


Sermon  on  the  mount ,  Jesus  Christ  s,  IX.  637, 
la.  A  Mohammedan  ceremony,  I.  627,  2  c. 
Seroline  [s&r'-o-lin],  in  blood,  IV.  514,  2  c. 

Serous  Membranes  :  see  Membrane,  and  I. 
462,  1  c. 

Seroux  d'Agincourt  [suh-roo  da-zhans-koor]: 

see  Agincourt,  I.  187,  2  a. 

Serpent,  musical  instrument,  XIV .  777. 

Serpent,  reptile,  XIV.  777.  See  Compara¬ 
tive  Anatomy,  and  Reptiles.  Systems  of 
classification:  see  Herpetology.  Poison  ap¬ 
paratus  :  see  Cobra  de  Capello,  Rattle¬ 
snake,  and  Viper.  As  a  type  of  yEscula- 
pius,  I.  152,  2  he.  Great  marine  serpent, 
so  called,  XVI.  813,  2  c.  See  Sea  Serpent. 
Serpent ,  rocket,  XIV.  117,  2  a;  367,  2  c. 
Serpentarius  (ornithology),  XIV.  745,  2  be. 

S.  reptilivorus,  2  c  (ill.,  746). 

Serpent  eater ,  bird,  XIV.  745,  2  c. 

Serpentine:  see  Marble,  XI.  147,  2  c. 
Serpentine ,  the ,  London,  X.  596,  2  c ;  XIII. 
102,  2  c  (see  map). 

Serpentine  barrens,  in  Pennsylvania,  XIII. 
256,  2  a. 

Serpent  isle ,  Black  sea,  II.  683,  1  a. 

Serpent  star ,  star  fish  (ill.),  XII.  644,  1  a. 
Serrano,  Francisco  [sair-ra'-no],  duke  de  la 
Torre,  Spanish  statesman,  XIV.  778. 

Serrano ,  Peter ,  most  probable  prototype  of 
Robinson  Crusoe,  V.  763,  2  c. 

Serranus  (ichthyology),  XIII.  284,  1  a. 

Serrated  suture ,  of  the  cranium,  I.  i  83,  2  b. 
Sertorius,  Quintus,  Roman  general,  XIV.  779. 
Serturner  [zair'-tur-ner],  (Friedrich  Wilhelm, 
died  1841),  discoverer  of  morphia,  I.  322,  2  a; 
XII.  648,  1  c. 

Serum :  see  Blood,  II.  732,  1  b,  c. 

Serval,  animal,  XIV.  779  (ill.). 

Servant  :  see  Master  and  Servant.  In¬ 
dented  servants,  VI.  573,  1  a  (Emigration). 
Servants  of  the  Virgin  Mary  :  see  Servites. 
Servetists ,  XIV.  780,  2  a  (Servetus). 

Serve'tus,  Michael,  Spanish  author,  XIV .  779. 

His  trial  and  execution  for  heresy,  780, 1  b,  If. 
Servia,  state  of  Europe,  XIV.  780.  Govern¬ 
ment,  781,  1  a.  History,  2  a. 

Servian  Language  and  Literature,  XIV.  783. 
Service  Berry  :  see  June  Berry,  IX.  713, 2  be. 
Service  Tree,  XIV.  784  (ill.)* 

Servilius ,  Roman  general,  IX.  425,  1  b. 
Ser'vites,  religious  order,  XIV.  785. 

Servitia ,  form  of  church  taxation,  I.  531,  1  a. 
Servius  Tullius,  sixth  king  of  Rome,  XIV.  785. 
Servus  pcence,  XV.  91,  2  c  (Slavery). 


Sesamoid  bones ,  XV.  639,  2  a. 

Sesostris  :  see  Egypt,  VI.  462, 1  be.  Referred 
to,  XIV.  239,  2  ab. 

Session ,  in  the  Presbyterian  church,  XIII.  809,1  b. 
Session ,  court  of  in  Scotland,  XIV.  702,  2  b. 
Ses'terce,  Roman  coin,  XIV.  785. 

Sester'tius ,  sestertium :  see  Sesterce. 

Sestos,  ancient  city,  XIV.  785. 

Sesuvium portulacastrum (botany),  XIV.  96,1  a. 

S.  pentandrum,  ib. 

Set  :  see  Demonology,  X .  794,  1  ab,  and  XII. 
116,  2  be,  720,  1  a. 

Set ,  the ,  of  elastic  materials,  XV.  419,  1  c. 
Setanario ,  a  Spanish  code,  I.  296,  1  a. 

Setaria  (botany),  XI.  556,  1  b.  S.  Italica  (var. 

Germanica),  1  c  (ilk). 

Sethites ,  class  of  Gnostics,  VIII.  54,  2  b. 

Sethos ,  Egyptian  king,  VI.  461,  2  c. 

Sethos  table ,  hieroglyphic  tablet,  I.  42,  1  c. 

Seti  I.  and  II. :  see  Egypt,  VI.  461, 2  c,  462,  2  b. 
Seton,  Elizabeth  Ann,  founder  of  the  sisters 
of  charity  in  America,  XIV .  785 ;  IV.  277, 2  c. 
Setoph'aga  (ornithology),  XIV.  239,  2  c ;  VII. 

296,  1  c.  S.  ruticilla,  XIV.  240,  1  a  (ill.). 
Setter,  dog,  XIV.  786  (ill.). 

Settle ,  Elkanah,  English  rhymester,  VI.  277, 1  c. 
Settlement,  under  the  poor  laws,  XIV.  <86. 
Law  of  settlement  and  removal,  XIII.  181, 1  c, 
182, 1  a.  Marriage  settlements,  XIV .  786, 2  b. 
Settlement ,  act  of  in  England,  XIII.  631,  2  b. 

See  George  I.,  VII.  703,  1  be. 

Settler ,  in  silver  refining,  XV.  51,  2  a. 

Setubal [sa-too'-bal],  city  of  P ortugal,  XIV.787# 
Sevajee r,  Mahratta  chief,  XI.  26, 2 be;  II.  125, 2  a. 
Sevastopol  :  see  Sebastopol. 

Seven  against  Thebes ,  the :  see  Adrastus,  and 
Eteocles  and  Polynioes.  ^ 

Seven  Barrows ,  referred  to,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Seven  Pines,  Battle  of:  see  Chickahominy, 
IV.  411,  1  be. 

Seven  sleepers ,  legend  of  the,  "V I.  679,  1  b. 
Grotto  of,  ib. 

Seventeen  Years1  Locust:  see  Harvest  Fly, 
VIII.  501,  2  a,  ff.  (ill.). 

Seventh  Day  Adventists:  see  Second  Ad¬ 
ventists,  XIV.  745,  2  a. 

Seventh  Day  Baptists,  XIV.  787. 

Seventh  Day  Baptists,  German:  see  Dun- 
kers,  VI.  316,  2  be. 

Seventh  Day  Dunkers ,  VI.  316,  2  be. 

Seven  weeks'  war ,  XIV.  56,  1  c  (Prussia). 

Seven  wise  men  of  Greece:  see  Bias,  Chilo, 
Cleobulus,  Periander,  Pittacus,  Solon, 

Thales. 


SEVEN 


SHAFTESBURY 


687 


Seven  Years’  War,  XIV.  787 ;  VII.  456,  2  c, 
706,  2  ab ;  X.  660,  2  c. 

Severians :  see  Monophysites,  XI.  757,  2  b. 
Severn,  river  of  England,  XIV.  788. 

Seve'rus,  Alexander :  see  Alexander  Severus. 
Severus,  Lucius  Septimius,  emperor,  XIV.  788. 

Arcb  of,  412,  2  b ;  720,  2  be. 

Sevier  [se-veer'],  three  counties,  XIV.  789. 
Sevier  (Gen.  John,  1745-1815),  governor  of 
Tennessee  (1788-1801,  1803— ’9),  his  quarrel 
with  Gen.  Jackson,  IX.  487,  1  a,  b. 
Sevierville,  county  seat,  XIV.  789,  2  ab. 
SkviGNk,  Marie  de  Rabutin-Chantal,  marquise 
de  [sa-ve-nye],  French  writer,  XIV.  789. 
Sevilla  [sa-ve'-lya] :  see  Seville. 

Seville  [sev'-il],  province  of  Spain,  XIV.  790. 
Capital  city,  1  b.  The  Giralda,  2  a  (ill.). 
Alcazar,  2  b  (ill.,  791).  University  of,  2  be. 
History,  2  c.  Treaty  of,  VII.  705,  1  a. 
Sevre-Kantaise ,  Sevre-Niortaise  [saivr’-nang- 
taiz,  -nyor-taiz],  rivers,  XIV.  791,  2  b. 
Sevres  [sev'-erz ;  Fr.  saivr’],  town  of  France, 
XIV.  791.  Porcelain  factory,  1  c ;  XIII. 
785,  2  a. 

SkvRES,  Deux  [du.h  saivr’],  department  of 
France,  XIV.  791. 

Seward,  two  counties,  XIV.  791. 

Seward ,  county  seat,  XIV.  791,  2  c. 

Seward,  Anna,  English  authoress,  XIV.  792. 
Seward,  William  Henry,  American  statesman, 
XIV.  792. 

Sewell,  William,  English  clergyman,  XIV. 

794.  Elizabeth  Missing,  authoress,  1  b. 
Sewel'lel,  rodent  animal,  XIV.  794  (ill.). 
Sewerage,  XIV.  794.  In  ancient  times,  2  c.  In 
Paris,  795,  1  b.  In  England,  2  b ;  of  Lon¬ 
don,  ib .,  and  X.  617,  2  b.  In  America,  XIV. 
796,  2  a.  Construction  of  sewers,  2  b  ;  ven¬ 
tilation,  797,  1  c.  Disposal  of  sewage,  2  c. 
Sewer  gas,  XIV.  797,  2  b. 

.Sewing  Machine,  XIV.  799.  Early  inven¬ 
tions,  1  ab  ;  Saint’s  machine,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  Thi- 
monier’s,  2  c ;  Hunt’s,  800,  1  a.  Through- 
and-through  machine,  1  b.  Fisher  and  Gib¬ 
bons’s  embroidery  machine,  1  c.  Lock-stitch 
machines,  2  ab  (ills.,  801,  802) ;  Howe’s,  &c., 
2  b,  ff.  Single-thread  chain  or  crochet  stitch 
machine,  802,  1  c  (ills.).  Double-loop  or 
chain  stitch,  808,  1  be  (ill.). 

Sextant,  for  measuring  angular  distances,  XIV. 
803  ;  122,  1  a. 

Sextus  Empiricus,  Greek  philosopher, XIV.804. 
Seychelles  [sa-sh&l] :  see  Mauritius,  XI.  293, 

1  ab. 


Seydlitz,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  von  [zide'-lits], 
Prussian  soldier,  XIV.  804. 

Seyffarth,  Gustav  [zi'-fartj,  German  archaeolo¬ 
gist,  XIV.  804. 

Seyid  [sa-yeed'],  Arabic  title,  XVI.  805,  2  be ; 
XII.  625,  2  a. 

Seymour,  Edward  [se'-mur],  duke  of  Somerset, 
English  statesman,  XIV.  804 ;  VI.  438,  1  ab, 
2  c,  if.  Lady  Jane,  XIV.  805,  1  b.  Sir 
Thomas,  Baron  Seymour,  VI.  438,  1  ab. 
Legal  murder  of,  2  b,  XIV.  805,  1  a ;  Cran- 
mer’s  share  in  it,  V.  460,  1  c. 

Seymour,  Horatio,  American  statesman,  XIV. 
805. 

Seyssel  asphaltic  rock  [sa-sel],  XIII.  193,  1  c. 
Sfondrati,  Nicold  [sfone-dra'-te],  (Pope  Greg¬ 
ory  XIV.),  VIII.  245,  1  b. 

Sforza  [sfor'-tsa],  Italian  family,  XIV.  806. 
Giacomuzzo  Attendolo,  founder  of  the  house, 
1  ab.  Francesco,  duke  of  Milan,  1  b ;  de¬ 
feat  of  the  Venetians  at  Caravaggio,  III. 
766,  2  b.  Galeazzo  Maria,  XIV.  806,  2  ab. 
Ludovico  (II  Moro),  2  b ;  XI.  295,  2  c,  298, 
1  a.  Massimiliano,  XIV.  806,  2  c.  Fran¬ 
cesco  II.,  807,  1  a. 

’sGrayesande  :  see  Gravesande. 

Shabaka :  see  Sabaco  (Index). 

Shabthai  Tzebi  [shab-ti'  tsa'-be],  impostor,  VIII. 
597,  2  a. 

Shack,  oak  mast,  XII.  551,  2  b. 

Shackle,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 
Shackleford,  county,  XIV.  807. 

Shad,  fish,  XIV.  807.  American,  1  ab  (ill.). 
European,  2  be.  Artificial  breeding  of,  VII. 
219,  2  c;  222,  1  a,  be,  2  ab. 

Shad  Bush:  see  June  Berry,  IX.  713,  2  b. 
Shad  flower,  IX.  713,  2  b. 

Shad  fly ,  referred  to,  XIV.  807,  1  c. 

Shaddock,  tree  and  fruit,  XIV.  808  (ill.). 
Shades  of  Death,  forest  so  called,  XIII.  258, 1  a. 
Shadwell,  Thomas,  English  dramatist,  XIV. 
808;  VI.  277,  1  c. 

S'Aq/,^^s[8ha/-fe-ites]:  see  Sunna,  XI.  697, 1  be. 
Shaft,  of  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  1  b ;  Ionic, 
657,  1  c;  Corinthian,  2  c. 

Shaft,  of  a  feather,  VII.  103,  2  c. 

Shaft,  of  a  wheel,  XVI.  591,  1  b. 

Shaft,  in  mining,  V.  69,  2  a,  ff . ;  XI.  571,  2  a, 
c,  572,  1  a. 

Shaftesbury,  Anthony  Ashley  Cooper,  first 
earl  of  [shafts'-ber-e],  English  statesman, 
XIV.  808.  His  friendship  with  Locke,  X. 
566,  2  a.  Anthony  Ashley  Cooper,  third 
earl,  philanthropist  and  free  thinker,  XIV. 


688 


SHAG 


SHASTRA 


809,  1  ab ;  XI.  807,  1  c,  812,  1  b.  Anthony 
Ashley  Cooper,  seventh  earl,  XIY.  809, 1  be. 
Shag  :  see  Cormorant,  Y.  859,  2  ab. 

Shag ,  coarse  tobacco,  XY.  783,  1  b. 

Shagreen',  a  preparation  of  leather,  XIY.  809. 
Shagreen ,  shark  scales,  Y.  183,  2  b. 

Shah  [ska],  sovereign  title,  XIII.  321,  1  be. 
Shahab  ud-Din  [ska'-kab  ood-deen'],  monarch, 
IX.  207,  2  ab. 

Shah-in-shah ,  sovereign  title,  II.  217,  1  c. 

Shah  JSfameh  [na'-meh],  Persian  epic,  VII.  209, 

2  b,  c ;  XIII.  326,  2  a. 

Shakers,  religious  sect,  XIV.  809.  History, 

1  ab.  Communities,  810,  1  a.  Worship, 
church  government,  &c.,  2  a.  Doctrines, 

2  c.  Connection  with  spiritualism,  812, 1  b ; 
XY.  276,  1  b. 

Shakespeare, William,  English  dramatist,  XIY. 
812.  His  family,  2  a.  Early  life,  2  be  ;  life 
in  London,  813,  2  c,  ff.;  personal  attacks 
upon,  814,  2  b.  His  works,  2  ab;  815,  1  ab, 
ft.  Popularity  in  his  lifetime,  816,  2  a. 
Close  of  his  life,  2  be.  Portraits,  817,  2  ab, 
c.  Personal  characteristics,  2  be.  Charac¬ 
ter  of  his  genius,  818,  1  a.  His  will,  1  c. 
Descendants,  ib. — Early  editions  of  his  plays, 

2  ab;  text,  819,  1  ab;  modern  editions,  1  c. 
His  critics,  2  ab ;  821, 1  c.  Shakespeariana, 
819,  1  be ;  822,  1  be.  Shakespearian  litera¬ 
ture,  820,  1  be.  Collier’s  emendations,  821, 

2  a.  Ireland’s  forgeries,  822,  1  a.  Trans¬ 
lations,  823,  1  b.  Spelling  of  his  name,  1  c. 
— Sources  of  his  plays :  see  Bandeulo,  and 
Boccaccio,  II.  769,  1  a.  His  birthplace: 
see  Stratford-upon-Avon,  XY.  411,  2  c 
(ills.).  Shakespeare  “jubilee,”  412,  1  ab. 
Shaking  palsy,  III.  203,  1  a. 

Shaking  props ,  game,  Y.  444,  2  c. 

Shak'opee ,  county  seat,  XIY.  707,  1  ab. 

Shale,  rock,  XIY.  823. 

Shalmaneser  II.,  king  of  Assyria,  II.  34,  1  c. 

Shalmaneser  IV.,  35,  1  b. 

Shama-i-Iran  [sha-ma'-e-e-ran'],  region  in  Per¬ 
sia,  YI.  494,  2  b. 

Shaman ,  inspired  man,  VII.  672,  1  ab. 
Sham'anism,  a  form  of  spirit  worship,  XIY. 
823;  X.  115,  1  a. 

Shamas,  Babylonian  deity,  XII.  117,  1  c. 
Sham-damn  skelp ,  in  gun  making,  VII.  356,  2  c. 
Shamirun  [sha-me-roon'J :  see  Shama-i-Iran 
(Index). 

Shammai ,  scAooZo/fsham'-ma-i],  XIII.  381,  2  be 
(Pharisees). 

Shammy  ( chamois )  leather ,  IY.  244,  2  c. 


Shamo  [sha'-mo],  plain,  VIII.  60,  2  a  (Gobi). 
Shamo'kin,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XIY.  823. 
Shampooing ,  in  the  bath,  II.  384,  2  b. 

Shamrock  :  see  Oxalis,  XII.  759,  1  a. 

Sham'yl,  Caucasian  chief,  XIV.  824. 

Shanars ,  devil  worshippers,  XI.  646,  2  be. 
Shane's  castle ,  referred  to,  I.  577,  1  b. 

Shanghai,  or  Slianghae  [shang-hi'J,  city  of  Chi¬ 
na,  XIY.  824  (ill.). 

Shanghai  fowls ,  IY.  780,  2  ab;  782,  2  c. 

Shank ,  of  an  anchor,  I.  464,  2  c;  467,  1  a. 

Shank  or  crook ,  in  horns  (musical  instruments), 

VIII.  818,  1  be. 

Shanmukha ,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  230,  1  be. 
Shannar  tribe ,  in  India,  XY.  849,  1  a. 

Shannon,  county,  XIV.  825. 

Shannon,  river  of  Ireland,  XIY.  825. 

Shannon ,  Wilson  (1802-’77,  governor  of  Ohio 
1838-’40,  1842-’4,  M.  C.  1853-’5),  governor 
of  Kansas,  IX.  754,  1  ab,  2  c. 

Shanny,  fish,  XIY.  825  (ill.) ;  II.  710,  2  a,  ab. 
Shans ,  race  of  Burmali,  III.  465,  1  be. 

Sharapan  pass,  Caucasus,  IY.  133,  1  c. 

Shares:  see  Stock  Exchange,  XY.  387,  2  c. 
Sharja,  town  of  Arabia,  XIY.  826. 

Shark,  XIY.  826.  Dog  fishes,  2  c.  White 
shark,  827,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  blue,  2  c ;  dusky,  small 
blue,  and  Atwood’s,  828,  1  ab.  Piked  dog 
fishes,  1  b.  Topes  or  hounds,  1  be.  Por¬ 
beagle  shark,  2  a;  mackerel,  2  ab  (ill.); 
gray,  2  c  ;  great  basking,  829,  1  a  (ill.).  Sea 
fox,  swingle-tail,  or  thresher,  2  a  (ill.). 
Cestracion,  2  ab.  Greenland  shark,  2  b ; 
hammer-headed,  830,  1  b  (ill.).  Fossil  re¬ 
mains,  2  a.  Shark  fisheries,  2  ab.  Arctic 
shark,  VIII.  233,  2  c. 

Shark  ray,  fish,  I.  493,  1  b. 

Sharon,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XIY.  830. 
Sharon,  plain  of,  Palestine,  XIII.  5,  2  b. 
Sharon  Springs,  New  York,  XIY.  830. 

Sharp,  Granville,  English  philanthropist,  XIY. 
830. 

Sharp,  James,  Scottish  prelate,  XIY.  831. 
Assassinated,  2  ab. 

Sharp,  John,  English  prelate,  XIY.  831.  Thom¬ 
as,  archdeacon,  2  be. 

Sharpe,  county,  XIY.  831. 

Shash :  see  Tasiikend. 

Shasta,  county,  XIY.  831. 

Shasta,  county  seat,  XIY.  832,  1  a. 

Shasta,  Mount :  see  Glacier,  YII.  828,  1  a ; 
Rocky  Mountains,  XIY.  379,  lb;  and  Sis¬ 
kiyou. 

Shastra,  or  Shaster :  see  Veda,  XYI.  280, 1  be. 


SIIAT-EL-ARAB 


SHELL 


689 


Shat-el-Arab  :  see  Euphrates,  VI.  778,  1  a,  c, 
and  IX.  823,  2  a. 

Shat'emuc  (Hudson  river),  IX.  30,  2  b. 

Shaving  of  the  beard,  II.  420,  2  b,  ff. 

Shaw,  Lemuel,  American  jurist,  XIV.  832. 

On  insanity  as  a  defence,  X.  716,  1  b. 
Shawangunk  mountain  [shong'-gum],  XII.  355, 
1  b,  665,  1  b;  XVI.  105,  1  c.  Geology  of, 
XII.  356,  1  be ;  XVI.  123,  2  c.  Lead  mines 
of,  X.  254,  2  be. 

Shaw'ano,  county,  XIV.  832. 

Shawano ,  county  seat,  XIV.  832,  1  c. 

Shawl,  garment,  XIV.  832. 

Shawl  goat,  XV.  704,  2  c  (Thibet). 

Shawnee',  county,  XIV.  832. 

Shawnees,  Indian  tribe,  XIV.  832. 
Shawneetown,  county  seat,  VII.  572,  1  b. 
Shays,  Daniel,  American  rebel  leader,  XIV. 
833.  Shays’s  rebellion,  1  c;  XI.  260,  1  a; 
III.  164,  1  a. 

Shea,  John  D.  Gilmary  [sha],  American  author, 
XIV.  833. 

Shearing  of  cloth,  XVI.  719,  2  ab.  Shearing 
machines,  2  b. 

Shearwater,  bird,  XIV.  833.  Greater,  834, 

1  ab  (ill.) ;  Manx,  1  c.  Another  so  called, 

2  a ;  XV.  78,  2  be. 

Sheathbill,  bird,  XIV.  834.  White,  2  ab. 
She' a  tree,  African  butter  plant,  III.  502, 1  a  (ill.). 
Sheba,  in  Arabia  Felix,  XIV.  834.  Queen  of, 
2  be;  I.  45,  2  be. 

Sheboygan,  county,  XIV.  834. 

Sheboygan,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XIV.  835. 
SnEOHEM  [she'-kem],  city  of  ancient  Palestine, 
XIV.  835  ;  IX.  728,  2  b. 

Shed ,  in  weaving,  XVI.  523,  2  a. 

Shedd,  William  Greenough  Thayer,  American 
clergyman  and  educator,  XIV.  835. 

Shedim,  of  the  Jews,  VII.  63,  1  c. 

Shee,  Sir  Martin  Archer,  English  painter,  XIV. 
835. 

Sheeahs  :  see  SniAns. 

Sheen :  see  Schene  (Index). 

Sheep,  XIV.  835.  Corsican  musimon,  or  mouf¬ 
flon,  836,  2  ab.  Asiatic  argali,  2  c  (ill.); 
African,  837,  1  ab ;  American  (Rocky  moun¬ 
tain  sheep),  1  c  (ill.).  Domestic  sheep,  2  ab  ; 
principal  breeds,  ib.  Fat-rumped  and  broad¬ 
tailed,  2  b  ;  merino,  2  c  (ill.,  838)  ;  Saxon,  Si¬ 
lesian,  and  Flemish,  838,  1  be ;  Astrakhan  or 
Bokharan,  ib. ;  Caucasian,  1  c ;  Leicester  or 
Dishley,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  Lincolnshire,  2  b ;  black¬ 
faced  or  heath,  &c.,  2  be.  Dorset,  South- 
down,  and  other  British  breeds,  839,  1  a. 
44 


American  breeds,  1  ab.  Diseases  of  sheep, 
2  a.  Statistics,  2  be. — Age  of  sheep,  I.  182, 
2  ab.  See  Wool,  XVI.  713,  1  ab. 

Sheep  berry ,  plant,  XVI.  33D,  1  b. 

Sheep  laurel,  plant,  IX.  737,  2  b. 

Sheep's  fescue,  grass,  VIII.  168,  1  c. 

Sheep’s  Head,  fish,  XIV.  839  (ill.,  840). 

Sheep  skins,  for  leather,  X.  271,  1  b. 

Sheep  sorrel,  XV.  171,  1  be  (ill.). 

Sheerness',  town  of  England,  XIV.  840. 

Sheet,  in  a  ship’s  rigging,  XIV.  865,  2  a. 

Sheffield,  town  of  England,  XIV.  840. 

Sheffield,  John :  see  Buckingham,  or  Buck¬ 
inghamshire,  Duke  of. 

Sheffield  scientific  school,  of  Yale  college,  XVI. 
765,  2  c  (ill.). 

Sheffield  of  Spain,  I.  243,  1  c  (Albacete). 

Shefford,  county  of  Canada,  XIV.  841. 

Shehaab,  Beshir,  emir,  VI.  275,  1  c. 

Sheikh  [shaik],  Bedouin  chief,  II.  450,  2  b,  c. 

Sheikh  al-Islam  :  see  Sheikh  ul-Islam  (Index). 

Sheikh  el-beled',  Egyptian  magistrate,  VI.  456, 
1  c. 

Sheikh  el-jeb'el ,  grand  master  of  the  Assassins, 
II.  25,  1  a. 

Sheikh  ul-Islam  [ool-iz'-lam] :  see  Turkey, 
XVI.  57,  2  be,  59, 1  ab  ;  Mufti,  XII.  26,  2  b. 

Sheil,  Richard  Lalor  [sheel],  Irish  orator,  XIV. 
841. 

Siiek'el,  Hebrew  weight  and  money,  XIV.  841. 

Shelburne,  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  XIV.  841. 

Shelburne,  county  seat,  XIV.  841,  2  a. 

Shelburne,  William  Petty,  earl  of:  see  Lans- 
downe,  X.  154,  2  a.  Friendship  for  Ben- 
tham,  II.  535,  1  a.  Shelburne  ministry  de¬ 
feated  by  a  whig  coalition,  VII.  708,  1  ab. 

Shelby,  name  of  nine  counties,  XIV.  841. 

Shelby,  county  seat,  IV.  658,  2  a. 

Shelby,  Isaac,  American  officer,  XIV.  842. 

Shelbyville,  city  of  Indiana,  XIV.  842. 

Shelbyville,  county  seats,  II.  448,  1  a;  XIV. 
841,  2  c;  842,  1  a,  c  (two),  2  b. 

Sheldonian  theatre,  at  Oxford,  XII.  763,  2  a. 

Sheldrake,  river  duck,  XIV.  842.  Common, 
843,  1  ab  (ill.);  other  names,  1  c.  Ruddy 
sheldrake,  2  a ;  other  names,  2  b.  See  Mer¬ 
ganser,  XI.  406,  1  a,  and  Goosander,  XIII. 
104,  1  c. 

Shelf,  in  a  ship’s  frame,  XIV.  863,  1  b. 

Shell,  in  gunnery,  I.  786,  1  c,  2  be ;  787,  1  be,  c  ; 
789,  1  b ;  793,  1  ab ;  794,  2  b. 

Shell,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  673,  2  a.  (See  plate.) 

Shell  boat,  for  rowing,  XIV.  458,  2  b  (ills.). 

Shell  Lao  :  see  Lac,  X.  76,  1  b. 


690 


SHELLEY 


SHIRKING 


Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe,  English  poet,  XIV. 
843.  Gretna  Green  marriage,  844,  1  b; 
separation,  2  a.  Second  marriage,  2  ab. 
Deprived  of  the  custody  of  his  children,  2  b. 
Death,  845,  1  a.  Characterization,  1  b.— 
Mary  Wollstonecraft  Godwin,  English  au¬ 
thoress,  1  be. 

Shelley's  case ,  rule  in,  I.  25,  1  c  (Abeyance). 
Shelliff’,  river  of  Algeria,  I.  303,  1  c. 

Shell  mounds ,  ancient ,  I.  643,  1  c.  Of  Brazil, 
III.  222,  2  a. 

Shelloohs ,  African  race,  II.  549,  2  c ;  X.  406, 1  c. 
Shells:  see  Conoiiifera,  CoNcnoLOGY,  Mol- 
lusca,  and  Cameo,  III.  652,  1  be. 

Shells ,  cocoa ,  IV.  789,  2  a. 

Shelter  tent ,  XV.  653,  2  a.  American,  2  b. 
Shelter  trench :  see  Fortification,  VII.  335,  2  c. 
Shelties ,  Shetland  ponies,  XIV .  852,  2  b. 
Shelton,  Frederick  William,  American  author, 
XIV.  845. 

Shem,  son  of  Noah,  XIV.  845. 

Shemitic :  see  Semitic  Race  and  Languages. 
Shenandoah  [shen-an-do'-a],  river,  XIV.  845. 
Seen ando An,  county,  XIV.  845. 

Shendy,  town  of  Egypt,  XII.  449,  2  a. 
Shenstone,  William,  English  poet,  XIV.  846. 
Shep'ard,  Charles  Upham,  American  physicist, 
XIV.  846  ;  XI.  591,  1  a. 

Shepherd ,  Anne ,  dwarf,  VI.  336,  1  ab. 

Shepherd  kings  :  see  Hyksos  (Index). 
Shepherdsville ,  county  seat,  III.  428,  2  a. 
Sheppey ,  isle  of, \  England  (9  by  4|-  m.),  XI, 
356,  2  a ;  XIV.  840,  1  c. 

Sherbrooke,  county  of  Canada,  XIV.  846. 
Town,  1  c. 

Sherburne,  county,  XIV.  846. 

Sherburne ,  town  (Xantucket),  XII.  132,  2  b. 
Shere  Ali:  see  Afghanistan,  I.  162,  2  a,  be. 
Shere  Khan ,  governor  of  Bengal,  IX.  208,  2  a. 
Sheridan,  two  counties,  XIV.  846. 

Sheridan ,  county  seat,  VIII.  155,  1  a. 
Sheridan,  Philip  Henry,  American  soldier, 
XIV.  846.  His  management  of  cavalry,  IV. 
147,  1  b. 

Sheridan,  Thomas,  Irish  clergyman,  XIV.  847. 
Thomas,  elocutionist,  2  a.  Frances,  novel¬ 
ist,  2  be.  Richard  Brinsley,  dramatist  and 
politician,  2  c. 

Sherif  [sha-reef'],  Mohammedan  noble,  XI. 
695,  1  ab. 

Sheriff,  county  officer,  XIV.  848.  Deputy 
sheriff,  849,  1  c.  Sheriff  principal  and  sher¬ 
iff  substitute,  in  Scotland,  702,  2  c.  See 
Jury,  IX.  723,  2  c,  and  Subpcena. 


Sherlock,  William,  English  clergyman,  XI V . 

850.  Thomas,  prelate,  2  a. 

Sherman,  two  counties,  XIV.  850. 

Sherman,  city  of  Texas,  XIV.  850. 

Sherman ,  county  seat,  XVI.  578,  2  c. 

Sherman,  Roger,  American  statesman,  XIV, 

850. 

Sherman,  William  Tecumseh,  soldier,  XIV. 

851.  See  Atlanta,  Chattanooga,  Savan¬ 
nah,  Vicksburg. — John,  statesman,  852,  1  a 
(Secretary  of  the  treasury  1877). 

Sherry  :  see  Spain,  Wines  of,  XV .  224,  1  a. 
Shervashidze,  Abkhasian  dynasty,  I.  26,  2  b. 
Sherwood,  forest  of  XII.  520,  1  ab. 

Sherwood,  Mary  Martha,  English  authoress, 

XIV.  852. 

Sheshapootosh ,  Hascapee  Indians,  XII.  149,  1  a. 
Shetland  Islands,  XIV.  852.  History,  2  b. 
Shetucket  river ,  Connecticut,  V.  251,  2  b. 

Shew ,  Joel  (1816-’55),  hydropathic  physician 
(author  of  several  works),  IX.  126,  1  ab. 
Shew  Bread  [sho],  of  the  Jewish  sanctuary, 
XIV.  852. 

Shiahs  [she'-az],  Mohammedan  sect,  XIV. 
853;  I.  624,  1  c;  IX.  428,  1  be;  XIII.  319, 

2  c.  See  Sunna. 

Shians :  see  Fairies,  VII.  65,  1  a. 

SniAWASSEE,  county,  XIV.  853. 

Shield,  XIV.  853  (ills.).  See  Armor. 

Shield,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671, 1  c.  (See plate.) 
Shield  grafting,  VIII.  141,  2  b. 

“  Shield  of  Minerva,  the,”  famous  dish,  XIII. 

127,  2  c. 

Shieldrake :  see  Sheldrake. 

Shields,  Horth  and  South,  towns  of  England, 
XIV.  854. 

Shieldsborough,  county  seat,  VIII.  434,  1  c. 

“  Shift,”  in  mining,  XI.  573,  2  b.  \ 

Shifu  [she-foo'],  paper  cloth,  XIII.  51,  1  a. 
Shiites  [slie'-ites] :  see  Shiahs  (Index). 
Siiikarpoor  [shik-ar-poor'],  town  of  India, 
XIV.  854. 

Shikellamy,  Cayuga  chief,  X.  575,  1  be. 

Shilka  river ,  I.  433,  1  a  (Amoor). 

Shilling,  coin,  XIV .  8o4.  Pine  tree  shilling, 

V.  25,  2  c. 

Shiloh,  town  of  Palestine,  XIV.  854. 

Shiloh,  Tennessee,  battle  of,  XIV .  854. 
Shimonoseki  [she-mo-no-sa'-ke],  town  of  Ja¬ 
pan,  XIV.  855.  Bombardment  of,  1  ab. 
Shiner  :  see  Dace,  V.  628,  2  a. 

Shingle,  beach  gravel,  VIII.  173,  2  c. 

Shingles,  for  roofing,  XIV .  420,  1  b. 
Shinking',  province  of  Mantchooria,  XIV.  So5 


SHINTO 


SHUBRICK 


691 


SniNTO,  a  religion :  see  Japan,  IX.  537,  2  c, 
ff.  Shinto  literature,  562,  1  a. 

Ship,  XIV.  855.  Varieties  of  ships,  1  c.  An¬ 
cient,  2  b;  mediaeval,  856,  1  c;  modern, 
2  b.  American  ships,  857,  2  b.  Modern  im¬ 
provements,  858,  1  c.  Steam  vessels,  859, 

1  b.  Iron  ships,  859,  2  c ;  composite,  860, 

2  a.  Ship  building,  2  c.  Masts  and  rigging, 
864,  2  a:  see  855, 1  c.  Sails,  865,  2  c.  The¬ 
ory  of  working  ship,  866,  2  a  (ill.).  Cables 
and  anchors,  867,  2  b.  Seaworthiness,  IX. 
316,  2  c. 

“ Ship  money”  arbitrary  tax,  VIII.  429,  2  a; 
VI.  624,  1  a. 

Shipp,  Albert  M.,  American  clergyman,  XIV. 

868. 

Shipping,  XIV.  868.  Custom  of  merchants, 
1  ab.  Property  in  ships,  1  c.  U.  S.  navigation 
laws,  2  a.  Rights  of  part  owners,  869,  1  a ; 
of  owner  and  shipper,  1  c.  Contract  of 
affreightment,  2  b.  Charter  party,  870,  1  a. 
Ship  master,  1  c.  Pilotage,  2  b. 

Shipping  articles ,  XIV.  736,  2  be. 

Ship's  husband,  XIV.  869,  1  b. 

Ships  of  the  line ,  XII.  185,  2  c  ;  187,  1  c. 

Ship  Worm,  XIV.  870  (ills.,  871) ;  XI.  722,  1  a ; 

V.  202,  1  c. 

SniRAZ  [she-raz'j,  city  of  Persia,  XIV.  871. 

Grapes  and  wine  of,  XIII.  317,  1  c. 

Shire  :  see  County. 

Shire  [she-ra'J,  river  of  Africa,  XIV.  872. 
Shiremote ,  county  court,  IX.  52,  2  c. 

Shirene',  of  Persian  poetry,  IV.  520, 1  be ;  XIII. 
323,  1  a. 

Shirin  [she-reen'J :  see  Shirene  (Index). 
Shirley,  James,  English  dramatist,  XIV.  872. 
Shirring,  of  India-rubber  cloth,  III.  739,  2  c. 
Shirueh  [shee'-roo-Sh] :  see  Siroes  (Index). 
Shirwa  [sheer'-wa],  lake  of  Africa,  XIV.  872. 
Shishak ,  Egyptian  king,  VI.  462,  2  c. 
Shishinwo  [she-sheen'-wo] :  see  Mikado,  XI. 
530,  2  b. 

Shistov :  see  Sistova. 

Shittim  wood,  I.  712,  1  b. 

Shiva:  see  Siva  (Index). 

Slikipetars,  Albanians,  I.  244,  2  b. 

Sho'a,  division  of  Abyssinia,  XIV.  872.  King¬ 
dom,  2  be. 

SnoDDY,  rag  wool,  XIV.  872.  Referred  to, 

VI.  65,  1  ab ;  XVI.  715,  1  ab. 

Shoe,  XIV.  873.  Ancient  forms,  1  b  (ills.)  ; 
mediaeval,  2  b  (ills.).  Shoes  of  Chinese  ladies, 
874,  1  be.  Wooden  shoes,  1  c.  Manufac¬ 
ture,  ib. ;  “  turn  ”  shoes,  2  b.  Boot  and 


shoe  machinery,  875,  2  a.  Production  in 
the  United  States,  875,  1  a.  Process  of  shoe¬ 
making,  876,  2  a. 

Shoe,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  862,  2  b. 

Shoemadoo,  pagoda  of,  XII.  790,  2  b. 

Shoemakers ,  “  team”  of,  XIV.  876,  2  c. 

Shogun  [sho-goon'J :  see  Japan,  IX.  542,  1  c. 
ff. ;  544,  2  ab  ;  545,  2  c,  ff. 

Shomer,  Jebel,  division  of  Arabia,  XV.  5. 

Shooting  star,  plant,  XIII.  838,  2  a. 

Shooting  Stars  :  see  Meteor. 

Shore,  Jane,  mistress  of  Edward  IV.,  XV.  6. 

Shorea  (botany),  IX.  203,  2  ab. 

“  Short,”  in  stock  dealing,  XV.  388,  1  c. 

Shorthand  reports,  of  congressional  speeches, 
first  made,  VII.  563,  2  b. 

Short  leg,  in  cricket,  V.  482,  1  b  (diagram). 

Shorts :  see  Wheat,  XVI.  588,  2  a,  b. 

Shoshocos,  Indians,  XV.  6,  2  a. 

Shosho'ne,  county,  XV.  6. 

Shoshone  river  :  see  Snake  River. 

Shoshones,  family  of  Indians,  XV.  6.  Sho¬ 
shones  proper,  2  a.  See  Bannacks. 

Shot  :  see  Lead,  X.  262,  2  be. 

Shotts :  see  Sahara,  XIV.  522,  1  b. 

Shoushwap,  Indians,  II.  85,  2  b. 

Shovel  fish,  XV.  432,  2  a. 

Shoveller  :  see  Duck,  VI.  289,  1  b. 

Shoic ,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  1  ab. 

Shrapnel  shell,  IV.  53,  1  b ;  I.  789,  1  ab. 

Shreveport,  city  of  Louisiana,  XV.  7. 

Shrew,  insectivorous  mammal,  XV.  7.  Mole 
shrew,  8,  1  a  (ill.,  7) ;  common  European, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Shrew  Mole  :  see  Mole,  XI.  706,  1  c  (ill.). 

Shrew  mouse  :  see  Shrew. 

Shrewsbury,  town  of  England,  XV.  8. 

Shrewsbury,  earl  of,  slain  by  Buckingham 
(George  Villiers)  in  a  duel,  III.  387,  1  a. 

Shreivsbury  case  (1871),  alluded  to,  III.  309,  2  b. 

Shrike  :  see  Butcher  Bird.  Great  American, 
III.  486,  2  be ;  great  cinereous,  487,  1  c ; 
loggerhead,  ib. 

Shrimp,  crustacean,  XV.  8.  Common,  2  b 
(ill.)  ;  American,  9,  1  a.  So-called  shrimp,  ib. 

Shropshire,  county  of  England,  XV.  9. 

Shrouds,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  a. 

Shrove  Tide,  in  the  church  calendar,  XV.  9. 
Shrove  Tuesday,  1  c ;  X.  344,  2  b  ;  IV.  9,  2  a. 

Shrub  yellow-root :  see  Yellow-Root. 

Shu,  in  Egyptian  mythology,  XII.  116,  2  ab. 

Siiubrick,  John  Templar,  American  naval  of¬ 
ficer,  XV.  9.  William  Branford,  naval  of¬ 
ficer,  2  ab. 


692 


SHUJAH 


SIEGE 


Shujah,  shah  of  Afghanistan,  I.  161,  1  c. 

Shulhan  Arakh,  in  Jewish  literature,  VIII. 
597,  2  h. 

Shulluhs  [sh oof-loos'] :  see  Shelloohs  (Index). 
Shumla  [shoora'-la],  city  of  Bulgaria,  XV.  9. 

Shumen  or  Shumna,  10,  1  a. 

Shurtleff  College,  Illinois,  XV.  10. 

Shushan :  see  Susa. 

Shute- Barrington :  see  Barrington,  II. 337, la. 
Shuttle ,  of  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  1  h.  Shuttle 
race,  2  a. 

Shwanpan ,  Chinese  counting  machine,  I.  5, 1  b. 
Shyster ,  pettifogging  lawyer,  X.  238,  1  c. 

Sialia  (ornithology),  II.  757,  1  c.  S.  Wilsonii, 
ib.  (ill.);  Mexicana,  2  a;  arctica,  2  b. 

Siam,  kingdom  of  Indo-China,  XV .  10.  Physi¬ 
cal  features,  2  a.  Climate,  2  he.  Vegeta¬ 
tion,  2  c.  Animals,  11,  1  a.  Minerals,  1  b. 
Population,  1  c.  Social  customs,  2  b.  Edu¬ 
cation,  12, 1  a.  Religion,  1  ab.  Missions,  1  b. 
Commerce,  1  c.  Currency,  2  a.  Govern¬ 
ment,  2  ab.  Code  of  laws,  13,  1  ab.  Mili¬ 
tary,  1  b.  History,  ib. — The  Siamese,  IX. 
253,  1  be. 

Siam,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XV.  13. 
Siamese  Twins  :  see  Monster,  XI.  765, 2  c  (ill.). 
Siberia,  XV.  14.  Divisions,  1  c.  Physical 
features,  2  a.  Geology  and  minerals,  15,  2  c. 
Climate,  16,  1  be.  Flora,  2  a.  Agriculture, 

2  be.  Fauna,  2  c.  Population,  17,  1  a.  In¬ 
dustries,  2  be.  Military  divisions,  18,  1  b. 
History,  1  c. 

Sibley,  county,  XV.  18. 

Sibley  tent ,  XV.  653,  2  b  (ill.). 

Sibour,  Marie  Dominique  Auguste  [se-boor], 
French  prelate,  XV.  18. 

Si-Bou-Zian ,  Algerian  rebel,  I.  306,  2  b. 

Sibyl,  mythical  prophetess,  XV.  18.  Cumeean 
sibyl,  19,1  a  ;  her  cavern,  V.  576,  1  c.  Sib¬ 
ylline  books,  X  V.  19, 1  ab.  “  Sibylline  Ora¬ 
cles,”  1  be ;  XVI.  208,  1  c  (Universalists). 
Sicania :  see  Sicily. 

Sicaed,  Rocb  Ambroise  Cucurron,abb6  [se-kar], 
French  philanthropist,  XV.  19.  His  system 
of  deaf-mute  education,  V.  733,  2  c. 

Sicca  Veneria ,  ancient  Xumidian  town,  IX. 
781,  1  c. 

Sichams  [si-ke'-us],  VI.  96,  2  a  (Dido). 

Sichem:  see  Shechem. 

Sicilia :  see  Sicily. 

Sicilian  sea ,  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Sicilian  vespers ,  XV.  20,  1  b  ;  IV .  299,  2  b. 
Sicilian  war ,  VIII.  193,  2  a,  ff. 

Sicilies,  The  Two,  kingdom  of  southern  Italy, 


XV.  19.  Sicilian  vespers,  20,  1  b.  Merged 
with  Victor  Emanuel’s  possessions,  21,  1  a. 
Sicily,  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  XV.  21. 
Physical  features,  1  c.  Geology,  2  b.  Cli¬ 
mate,  2  be.  Vegetation,  2  c.  Population, 
22,  1  ab;  original,  1  ab,  c.  History,  ib. : 
see  Sicilies,  The  Two. 

Sickingen,  Franz  von  [fon  zik'-ing-en],  Ger¬ 
man  soldier,  XV.  22  ;  V.  479,  1  c. 

Sickle  :  see  Scythe. 

Sickle-Bill  :  see  Curlew,  V.  583,  1  c. 

Sickles,  Daniel  Ephraim,  American  general, 
XV.  22. 

Sic'uli ,  ancient  Italian  race,  X.  202,  2  a ;  XV. 

22,  1  ab  (Siculians)  :  see  1  c. 

Sicyon  [sis'-e-on],  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XV. 

23.  Sicyonia,  territory,  1  b. 

Sicldim ,  vale  of,  VIII.  96,  2  c. 

Siddons,  Sarah,  English  actress,  XV.  23;  IX. 
785,  1  c. 

Sidereal  Time  :  see  Day.  Sidereal  day,  V, 
722, 1  b.  Sidereal  month,  XI.  799,  1  a.  Si¬ 
dereal  year,  XVI.  774,  2  ab. 

Siderite ,  ore  of  iron,  IX.  409,  la;  II.  558,  2  ab. 

Siderite  clay  ironstone,  IX.  408,  2  ab. 
Siderog'raphy  :  see  Engraving,  VI.  650,  2  a. 
Side-saddle  flower,  plant,  XIII.  548,  1  b. 

Si  Deus  in  terris ,  vellet  habitare  Bceterris ,  pro¬ 
verb,  II.  603,  2  be. 

Sidi  Moham'med  [se'-de],  emperor  of  Morocco, 
XV.  23. 

Sidmouth,  Lord  [sid'-muth]  :  see  Addington, 
Henry. 

Sidney ,  county  seats,  IV.  394,  2  a;  VII.  477, 1  c-, 
XI V.  842,  1  b. 

Sidney,  Algernon,  English  statesman,  XV.  23. 
Sidney,  Sir  Philip,  English  author,  XV.  24. 

Mary,  countess  of  Pembroke,  25,  2  b. 

Sidon,  ancient  city,  XV.  25. 

Sidonius  Apollinaris,  Cams  Sollius  Modestus, 
Latin  author  and  saint,  XV.  26. 

Sidra,  Gulf  of  [se'-dra] :  see  Syrtis. 
Siebenburgen  [ze'-ben-bur-ghen]  :  see  Tran¬ 
sylvania. 

Siebengebirge  range  [ze'-ben-geh-beer-geh],  VI. 
237,  1  c. 

Siebold,  Philipp  Franz  von  [ze'-bolt],  German 
traveller,  XV.  26.  Karl  Theodor  Ernst  von, 
physiologist,  1  c.  His  classification  of  mol 
lusks,  XI.  50,  2  b. 

Siedlce  [shedT-tseh],  government  of  Russia, 
XV.  26.  Capital,  2  a. 

Siegbert  [seeg'-bert] :  see  Sigebert  (Index). 
Siege,  XV,.  26.  Ancient  sieges,  2  be.  Transi- 


SIEGEN 


SILIQUE 


693 


tion  period,  27,  2  a.  Modern  sieges,  2  b 
(ill.,  28). 

Siegen  [ze'-ghen],  town  of  Prussia,  XY.  30. 

Siegert,  Karl  August  [ze'-ghert],  German  paint¬ 
er,  XY.  31. 

Siemens,  Ernst  Werner  [se'-menz ;  Ger.  ze'- 
mence],  German  inventor,  XV.  31.  Karl 
Wilhelm,  1  b.  Friedrich,  1  c.  Siemens’s 
gas  furnace,  VII.  543,  2  a,  ff.  (ills.) ;  VIII. 
14,  2  ab ;  XY.  363,  1  a.  Sponge  processes 
in  iron  making,  IX.  403,  2  c. 

Siena  [se-a'-na],  province  of  Italy,  XY.  31. 
Capital  city,  2  ab.  History,  2  b. 

Sienitza ,  fortress  of  Bosnia,  III.  112,  1  ab. 

Sienna  [se-en'-na] :  see  Siena. 

Sienna ,  or  burnt  sienna ,  a  paint,  III.  5,  2  c. 

Sierra  [se-er'-ra],  county,  XV.  31. 

Sierra ,  a  region  of  Peru,  XIII.  335,  2  a. 

Sierra  Leo'ne,  British  colony  in  Africa,  XY. 
32.  Colored  emigrants  to  :  see  Cuffee, 
Paul,  Y.  561,  2  a. 

Sierra  Madre  [se-air'-ra  ma'-£Ara] :  see  Mex¬ 
ico,  XI.  465,  1  c. 

Sierra  Morena  [mo-ra'-na] :  see  Spain,  XY. 
204,  1  b. 

Sierra  Nevada  [ne-va'-da ;  Sp.  na-va'-^a] : 
see  California,  III.  599,  2  b;  Kooky  Moun¬ 
tains,  XIY.  379,  1  a ;  Spain,  XY.  204, 1  be. 
Volcano  of  Mexico,  IX.  478,  2  c. 

Siete  Partidas,  Las  [las  se-a'-ta  par-te'-£Mss], 
a  Spanish  code  of  laws,  I.  296,  1  ab. 

Sieyes,  Emmanuel  Joseph,  count,  or  abbe  [se- 
yace],  French  statesman,  XV.  32. 

Sifans ,  the,  Asiatic  race,  IX.  253,  1  c. 

Sigbrit  Willius  [seeg'-brit  vil'-le-oos],  favorite 
of  Christian  II.,  IY.  524,  2  b,  c ;  526,  1  c. 

Sigebert  [se'-geh-bert],  king  of  Austrasia,  II. 
135,1  b(Siegbert);  III.  357,  2  b;  VII.  448,2b. 

Sigfrid  [seeg'-freed],  husband  of  Genevieve 
of  Brabant,  VII.  671,  2  b. 

Sigfried ,  in  German  legend,  XII.  419,  2  b. 

Sigfusson ,  Scemund ,  Icelandic  priest  and  schol¬ 
ar,  IX.  155,  1  b. 

Sight:  see  Vision. 

“  Sight  like  a  hawk, ^  proverbial,  VIII.  530,  2  be. 

Sight  trees ,  in  surveying,  XY.  492,  2  a. 

Sigillaria ,  fossil  plant :  see  Coal  Plants. 

Sigillaria ,  Roman  festival,  XIY.  641,  2  c. 

Sigismund  [sij'-is-mund ;  Ger.  ze'-ghis-moont], 
emperor  of  Germany,  XV.  33.  See  Ziska. 

Sigismund ,  king  of  Burgundy,  referred  to,  IY. 
708,  2  c. 

Sigismund  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  kings  of  Poland  : 
oee  Poland,  XIII.  645-’6. 


Sigmaringen  [zich'-ma-ring-en] :  see  IIohen- 

ZOLLERN. 

Sigmodon  (zoology).  XIV.  212,  2  c.  S.  his- 
pidus,  213,  1  a  (ill.). 

Sigmodon' tes  (zoology),  XII.  14,  1  b. 

Sigmodont  mice ,  XII.  14,  2  c ;  rats,  XIY.  212,  2  a. 
Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon ,  Y.  90,  2  ab,  c. 
Signal  posts,  telegraph,  XV.  609,  1  c.  First 
suggestion  of,  I.  433,  1  a. 

Signal  Service,  XY.  33.  Of  the  United 
States,  2  c.  Storm  signals,  34,  1  b;  graphic 
charts,  1  c.  “Probabilities,”  percentage  of 
verifications,  35, 1  ab.  Cautionary  signal,  ib. 
Signals,  Fog :  see  Lighthouse,  X.  457,  2  c. 
Signals,  Naval,  XV.  35.  International  code 
of,  2  a.  Distance  signals,  36,  1  a.  Meyer’s 
improvement,  1  b. 

Signature,  of  the  sheets  of  a  book,  III.  78,  1  b. 
Signs  of  the  ecliptic ,  YI.  392,  2  a. 

Sigourney  [sig'-ur-ne],  county  seat,  IX.  806,  2  b. 
Sigourney,  Lydia  Huntley,  American  author¬ 
ess,  XY.  36. 

Siguenza  y  Gongora,  Carlos  de  [se-gwain'-tha 
e  goan'-go-ra],  Mexican  scholar,  XY.  36. 
Si-LIamed  ben  Hamza,  Algerian  insurgent  lead¬ 
er,  I.  307,  1  b. 

Sihon,  river,  XY.  36.  See  Jaxartes. 

Sikas  [se'-kas],  Malay  race,  11.643,  2  c ;  264, 2  be. 
Sikhs  [seeks],  a  Hindoo  people,  XV.  36 ;  IX. 
216,  1  be.  Wars  with  them,  VIII.  454, 1  c; 
XIY.  92,  2  c;  XY.  37,  1  a.  See  Runjeet 
Singh. 

Sikkim,  state  of  British  India,  XV,  37. 

Sil  [seel],  river  of  Spain,  XI.  598,  2  b. 

Si-Lala  [se-la'-la],  Algerian  insurgent  leader, 
I.  307,  1  a,  ab. 

Silberhbrner,  Swiss  mountain  peaks,  IX.  714, 1  c. 
Sileni,  XIY.  642,  1  ab  (Satyrs). 

Silenus,  in  mythology,  XV.  37. 

Silesia,  Austrian,  XY.  38. 

Silesia,  Prussian,  XY.  38.  History,  2  ab. 
Silesian  school  of  poetry,  VII.  768,  1  c. 
Silesian  wars,  XY.  38,  2  b;  VII.  456,  1  a,  If. 
See  Maria  Theresa. 

Silesius ,  Angelas  :  see  Angelus  Silesius. 
Silica  :  see  Silicon. 

Silicates,  Soluble :  see  Glass,  Soluble.  Hy¬ 
drous  and  anhydrous,  XY.  39,  2  a. 

Silicic  acid,  XY.  39,  1  b.  S.  anhydride,  ib. 
Silicious  deposit,  in  alluvium,  I.  339,  2  a. 
Silicium :  see  Silicon. 

Silicon  (chemistry),  XY.  38.  In  pig  iron,  IX. 

370,  1  b ;  in  steel,  XY.  356,  2  a. 

Silique  [se-leek'],  a  form  of  fruit,  XIII.  591,  1  b. 


69d 


SILISTRIA 


SIMON 


Silis'tkia,  town  of  Bulgaria,  XV.  39. 

Silius  Italicus ,  Roman  poet,  X.  197,  1  c. 

Silk,  fibre,  XV.  40.  History  of  silk  manufac¬ 
ture,  1  b ;  processes  of,  41,  2  a.  “  Charged 
silks,”  V.  137,  2  c. 

Silh-cotton  tree ,  XV.  11,  1  a.  Referred  to, 
VII.  148,  2  c. 

Silk  Spider,  XV.  42  (ill.,  43).  Silk  of,  43, 1  be ; 
IV.  774,  1  a. 

Silhweed :  see  Milkweed,  XI.  545,  2  b. 
Silkworm,  XV.  43.  Moth,  1  c;  stages  of 
growth,  2  b  (ills.).  Cocoons,  44, 1  c.  Rear¬ 
ing,  2  c.  Other  kinds,  45,  1  a.— Fecundity 
of  the  silkworm,  IX.  313,  1  be.  Introduc¬ 
tion  of  into  Byzantium,  728,  1  c.  Reputed 
discoverer  of,  XIII.  230,  2  b. 

Silliman,  Benjamin,  American  physicist,  XV. 
45  ;  VII.  691,  2  ab.  Benjamin,  jr.,  physi¬ 
cist,  XV.  45,  2  be. 

Silloway,  Thomas  William,  architect,  XV.  46. 
Siio'am  (Old  Testament  and  poetic  form,  Si- 
loah),  a  pool  or  tank  near  Jerusalem,  IX. 
612,  2  ab ;  618,  2  ab  (twice). 

Silphium,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  46.  S.  lacinia- 
tum,  1  c  (ill.);  terebintliinaceum,  2  ab;  per- 
foliatum,  2  b. 

Silures  [sil'-u-reez],  Celtic  tribe  of  Wales,  XVI. 
427,  2  a. 

Silurian,  geologic  age,  XV.  46;  VII.  696, 
1  b,  ff.  In  the  classification  of  the  New 
York  geologists,  IV.  182,  2  ab;  XV.  46,  2  c. 
See  Murchison,  Sedgwick,  Adam,  and  Pa¬ 
laeontology,  XIII.  811-816. 

Silurum  insulae ,  XIV.  693,  1  a  (Scilly  Isl¬ 
ands). 

Silva  Marciana :  see  Black  F orest. 

Silvanella ,  fata ,  fairy,  VII.  63,  2  c. 

Silva'nus:  see  Mars,  XI.  190,  2  c. 

Silver,  XV.  47.  Properties,  2  b.  Alloys,  48, 

1  be.  Standard  silver,  2  b ;  I.  336,  2  a. 
Chemistry  of  silver,  XV.  48,  2  b.  Oxides, 

2  c;  fulminating  silver,  49,  1  a,  VII.  39, 
1  ab,  2  a;  sulphate,  XV.  49,  1  a;  nitrate, 
ib.,  XII.  463,  1  ab,  2  a ;  chloride,  XV.  49, 
1  ab,  2  b ;  bromide  and  iodide,  1  c,  2  be. — 
Metallurgy  of  silver,  1  c.  Native  silver,  2  a. 
Ores,  2  ab.  Treatment,  50,  2  ab ;  smelting 
processes,  ib . ;  amalgamation,  51,  1  a;  hu¬ 
mid  extraction,  52,  2  c.  Separation  of  sil¬ 
ver  from  gold,  VIII.  85,  2  b.—Uses  of  silver, 
XV.  53,  2  ab.  Comparative  value,  2  b. 
Estimated  product,  ib .,  ff. — Mines,  54,  1  be ; 
of  Europe,  ib. ;  of  Mexico,  55,  1  c;  of  Peru 
and  Bolivia,  56,  1  c ;  of  Chili,  2  b ;  of  the 


United  States,  2  c. — Silver  as  a  legal  tender 
in  the  United  States,  V.  27,  1  b,  ff.  “Silver 
scheme,”  I.  107,  1  c.  Silver  profit  fund, 
XI.  620,  2  a.  Brittle  silver :  see  Black 
Silver. 

Silver  age,  mythical,  I.  185,  2  c. 

Silver-bell  tree ,  XV.  137,  1  c. 

Silver  City ,  county  seat,  XII.  757,  1  b. 

Silver  fish:  see  Silverside,  and  Gold  Fish. 
Silver  foil ,  use  of,  XV.  48,  1  be. 

Silver  glance ,  ore,  XV.  49,  2  be. 

Silvering  amalgam ,  II.  667,  1  a. 

Silvering  of  mirrors,  I.  268,  1  a  (Aldehyde). 
Silver  Lady  chapel,  Innspruck,  IX.  292,  1  a. 
Silver  Mountain ,  county  seat,  I.  351,  2  a. 
Silverside,  fish,  XV.  57  (ill.). 

Silver  steel ,  alloy,  XV.  48,  1  c. 

Silvery  hair-tail,  fish,  XIV.  660,  1  c  (ill.). 
Silvio,  Monte :  see  Matterhorn. 

Silybum  Marianum  (botany),  XV.  713,  2  ab. 
Simae'this  (entomology),  XI.  870,  1  ab. 
Simaru’ba  cedron  (botany),  IV.  166,  2  c. 
Simbirsk  [sim-.beersk'J,  government  of  Russia, 
XV.  57.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Simcoe,  county,  XV.  58. 

Simcoe,  county  seat,  XII.  482,  1  a. 

Simcoe,  Lake :  see  Ontario,  XII.  635,  1  ab. 
Simeon,  son  of  Jacob  and  Leah,  XV.  58. 
Simeon ,  Paulician  leader  and  martyr,  XIII. 
177,  2  b. 

Simeon,  Charles,  English  clergyman,  XV.  58. 
Simeon  Stylites  :  see  Stylites. 

Simferopol,  town  of  the  Crimea,  XV.  58. 
Sim'ia  (zoology),  XII.  667,  2  a.  S.  cynocepha- 
lus,  II.  184,  2  a ;  satyrus,  III.  104,  2  a. 
Simi'adce  (zoology),  XI.  750,  1  be. 

Simice  catarrhi'ni  (zoology),  XI.  750,  1  c.  S. 
platarrhini,  ib. 

“  Similia  similibus  curanturf  VIII.  379,  1  b; 
783,  2  b  ;  I.  334,  2  ab. 

Simla,  summer  capital  of  British  India,  XV.  58. 
Simms,  William  Gilmore,  American  author,  XV. 
58. 

Simnel ,  Lambert,  English  pretender,  VI.  611, 
1  b;  VIII.  647,  2  c. 

Simocatta  :  see  Theophylact,  historian. 
Simo'is  [sim'-o-is],  river  of  Troas,  XVI.  9,  2  c. 
Simon,  Antoine  [se-mong],  jailer  of  Louis  XVII., 
X.  664,  1  c. 

Simon,  Dr.  [ze'-moan],  (Johann  Franz,  died 
1844),  of  Berlin,  experiments  on  discolora¬ 
tions  of  the  human  skin,  V.  91,  1  be,  2  a. 
Simon,  Jules,  French  statesman,  XV.  59. 

I  Simon,  Richard,  Biblical  critic,  XV.  59. 


SIMONE 


SIPHONOSTOMA 


695 


Simone  di  Maktino  [se-mo'-na  de  mar-te'-no] : 
see  Memmi. 

Simonians ,  religious  sect,  XV.  60,  1  b. 
Simonides  [si-mon'-e-deez],  Greek  poet,  XV. 
59;  I.  151,  2  c.  Mnemonics  invented  by, 
XI.  683,  1  c.  Simonides  the  Younger,  XV. 
59,  2  c ;  the  Elder,  ib. 

Simonin,  Louis  Laurent  [se-muh-nang],  French 
author,  XV.  59. 

Simonis ,  Menno  :  see  Menno  Symons. 

Simon  Magus,  magician,  XV.  60. 

Simonoseki  :  see  Siiimonoseki. 

Simon  Peter :  see  Petek,  Saint. 

Simon's  theory  of  inflammation,  IX.  276,  2  c. 
Simoom',  a  wind  from  the  desert,  XV.  60 ; 

XVI.  658,  2  c;  I.  165,  2  a. 

Simosaurians ,  VI.  589,  1  c  (Enaliosaueians). 
Simosaurus,  ib. 

Simpheropol :  see  Simfekopol. 

Simplicissimus ,  a  separatist :  see  Cypkian,  V. 

615,  1  c. 

Simplicists ,  German  sectaries,  VIII.  755,  1  a. 
Sim'plon  [Fr.  sang-plong] :  see  Alps,  I.  354,  1  c. 
Simpson,  two  counties,  XV.  60. 

Simpson,  Sir  James  Young,  Scottish  physician, 
XV.  60. 

Simpson,  Mathew,  American  clergyman,  XV.  61. 
Simpson,  Thomas,  English  mathematician,  XV. 

61 ;  X.  425,  1  be,  430,  2  be. 

Simkock,  Karl,  German  author,  XV.  61.  Trans¬ 
lation  of  the  Eddas,  VI.  400,  1  b.  (D.  1876.) 
Sims,  James  Marion,  American  surgeon,  XV.  61. 
Simulium  (entomology),  VI.  129,  1  c ;  II.  678, 
1  c.  S.  molestum,  ib. ;  VI.  129,  1  c.  S. 
nocivum,  ib. ;  II.  678,  1  c. 

Sin ,  Babylonian  moon  god,  XII.  117,  1  c. 

Sin,  mortal,  in  Eoman  Catholic  doctrine,  XIV. 
393,  1  c;  venial,  ib. 

Sinai  [si'-na],  group  of  mountains  in  Arabia, 
XV.  61.  Summits  of  historic  and  Biblical 
interest,  62,  1  ab.  Mt.  Sinai,  attempts  to 
identify  it,  1  b,  ff.  Horeb,  2  be.  Inscrip¬ 
tions,  referred  to,  VI.  460,  1  e. 

Sinalo'a,  state  of  Mexico,  XV.  63.  Town,  1  b. 
Sina'pis  (botany),  XII.  105,  1  a.  S.  alba  and 
nigra,  ib. ;  arvensis,  106,  1  c.  Sinapism,  1  b. 
Sin'olaie,  Sir  John,  Scottish  agriculturist, 
XV.  63.  Sir  George,  author,  2  a.  John, 
clergyman,  ib.  Catharine,  authoress,  2  b. 
Sin'daco ,  Italian  political  officer,  IX.  448,  1  b. 
Sinde  [sind],  division  of  Bombay,  XV.  63. 
History,  64,  2  b.  Plain  of,  IX.  200,  2  b. 
River :  see  Indus. 

Sindh :  see  Sinde. 


Sindhi  [sin-d’he'J,  a  language  of  India,  IX. 
216,  2  c;  218,  2  a. 

Sindhu,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  b. 
Sindia,  Family  of  :  see  Gwaliob. 

Sine,  in  trigonometry,  XV.  865,  2  b,  ff.  Cosine, 
2  c.  Versed  sine,  866, 1  a.  Co  versed  sine,  ib. 
— Law  of  the  sines,  in  optics,  XII.  654,  1  a. 
Singapoee',  province  of  the  Straits  Settlements, 
XV.  65.  Island,  1  b.  Capital  of  the  Straits 
Settlements,  1  c  (view).  History,  66,  1  a. 
Singapura :  see  Singapoee,  XV.  66,  1  a. 
Singeing  process,  in  calendering  goods,  III. 
580,  2  b. 

Singhalese' ,  IX.  221,  2  b.  See  Cingalese. 
Singhara  [sin-ga'-ra],  nut,  IV.  54,  2  ab. 
Singing  flames,  VII.  255,  2  b.  See  Pykophone, 
and  Sound,  XV.  175,  1  b. 

44  Single-speech  Hamilton,'1''  VIII.  423,  2  c  ;  III. 
456,  1  c. 

Sing  Sing,  village  of  New  York,  XV.  66.  State 
prison,  1  be. 

Sinhalese  :  see  Cingalese  Language. 
Sinigaglia  [se-ne-ga'-lya],  town  of  Italy,  XV.66. 
Sinister  chief,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a.  Sin¬ 
ister  base,  ib.,  and  c.  (See  plate.) 

Sinking  fire,  in  smelting  furnaces,  II.  743,  2  c. 
Sinks,  hollows  in  Florida,  VII.  281, 1  ab.  Sinks 
of  Nevada,  XII.  263,  2  c,  264,  1  b,  266,  2  be  ; 
IV.  568,  1  be.  Humboldt  sink,  IX.  47,  2  b. 
Sink  holes  of  Tennessee,  XV.  644,  2  a, 
Sinnet,  cord  of  cocoanut  fibre,  IV.  791,  1  b. 
Sino'pe,  seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  XV.  66. 

Sinto  :  see  Shinto  (Index). 

Sinub  [se-noob'] :  see  Sinope. 

Si' nus,  fistulous,  VII.  242,  2  a. 

Sinus  Abrahce,  X.  476,  1  c  (Limbo). 

Sinuses,  nasal,  XII.  515,  2  c. 

Sinusoids,  in  sonorous  vibrations,  XV.  179, 1  c. 
Sion :  see  Zion. 

Sion  college,  London,  V.  57,  2  c. 

Sion  house,  religious  institution,  III.  288,  1  b. 
Sioot  [se-oot/],  city  of  Egypt,  XV.  66. 

Sioux  [sewz ;  sing,  sew],  Indian  tribe,  XV.  66. 
Missions  and  schools,  67,  1  b,  2  ab.  Lan¬ 
guage,  2  c. 

Sioux  [sew],  county  of  Iowa,  XV.  68. 

Sioux  City,  city  of  Iowa,  XV.  68. 

Sioux  Falls,  county  seat,  XI.  602,  1  b. 

Sipho :  see  Fike  Engine,  VII.  210,  1  ab. 
Siphon:  see  Syphon. 

Siphonia  (botany),  III.  734, 1  c.  S.  cahucu,  ib.; 

elastica,  735,  1  b  (ill.). 

Siphonoph' ora  (mollusca),  XV.  400,  1  ab. 
Siphonos' toma  (epizoa),  VI.  694,  1  c. 


696 


SIPHRA 


SJiELLAND 


Siph'ra ,  in  Jewish  literature,  YIII.  595,  1  a. 
Siracusa ,  Siragosa :  see  Syracuse,  Italy. 

Sirang  [se-rang'] :  see  Ceram. 

Sircar  [sur'-kar],  Hindoo  broker,  III.  573, 1  c. 
Sirdar ,  Turkish  field  marshal,  XYI.  396,  2  a ; 
XY.  37,  1  b. 

Sir  Darya  [seer  dar'-ya] :  see  Jaxartes. 
Siredon  [si-re'-don] :  see  Axolotl,  II.  166, 1  c. 

S.  Mexicanus  and  maculatus,  2  c ;  liche¬ 
noides,  167, 1  a. 

Siren  (zoology),  XY.  68.  S.  lacertina,  1  he. 
Siren,  in  acoustics :  see  Lighthouse,  X.  458, 

1  a;  Sound,  XV.  175,  2  a  (ill.). 

Sirenia,  order  of  mammals,  XV.  68.  Sire- 
noids,  XI.  88,  2  c. 

Sirens,  mythical,  XY.  68. 

Sirhind  [seer-hind'],  region  of  India,  XY.  68. 
Town,  69,  1  b. 

Sirians ,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  206,  2  c. 

Siricius,  pope ,  enforcement  of  clerical  celibacy 
by,  IY.  171,  2  c. 

Siriemma,  Brazilian  bird,  III.  225,  2  ab. 
Siriones  [se-re-o'-nace],  mixed  race  of  Bolivia, 

III.  10,  2  b. 

Sirius  :  see  Dog  Star. 

Sirmium ,  battle  of,  VII.  730,  1  b. 

Sirmond,  Jacques  [seer-mong],  French  scholar, 
XY.  69. 

Sirocco,  a  suffocating  wind,  XY.  69;  XVI. 
658,  2  b;  I.  165,  2  a. 

Siroes  [sir'-o-eez],  king  of  Persia  (eight  months), 

IV.  520,  1  be ;  XIII.  323,  1  ab. 

Sirvente  [seer-vangt],  lyric  composition,  XII.  88, 

2  ab ;  XIY.  40,  1  be. 

Sisapona  Cetobrix,  Roman  town,  I.  340,  2  a. 
Sisit  [se-seet'J,  in  the  Chaldean  account  of  the 
deluge,  Y.  788,  1  a. 

Siskin  :  see  Aberdevine,  I.  23,  1  a. 

Siskiwit  :  see  Trout,  XVI.  9,  1  b. 

Siskiyou  [sis-ke-yoo';  locally,  sis'-e-kew],  coun¬ 
ty,  XY.  69. 

Sislciyou  mountains ,  XII.  678,  1  ab. 

Sismondi,  Jean  Charles  Leonard  Simonde  de 
[sees-mong-de],  French  historian,  XY.  69. 
On  political  economy,  XIII.  671,  2  a. 
Sisterhoods,  Roman  Catholic,  XY.  70.  Of 
the  5th  century  and  onward,  1  he;  Augustin- 
ian,  2  ab,  ff.  In  England,  2  c  ;  in  France,  ib. 
For  the  care  of  the  aged  and  the  homeless 
poor,  71,  1  b ;  in  Great  Britain,  1  c ;  in 
the  United  States,  ib.  For  the  care  of  the 
insane,  2  a.— Protestant,  2  b.  In  the  church 
of  England,  ib.  Sisters  of  mercy,  ib.  Sis¬ 
terhood  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  72,  1  a;  its 


branches,  ib.  Other  institutions,  1  ab,  ff. 
In  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  the 
United  States,  1  be.  Sisters  of  the  Holy 
Communion,  ib. 

Sisters ,  the,  twin  mountains  of  Celebes,  IY. 
168,  2  c. 

Sisters  of  charity :  see  Charity,  Sisters  of. 
Sisters  of  Providence,  referred  to,  XIY.  442,  2  a. 
Sistine  chapel  [sis'-teen] :  see  Vatican,  XVI. 
272,  1  ab,  c. 

Sisto'va,  town  of  Bulgaria,  XY.  72. 

Sis'yphus,  in  Greek  mythology,  XY.  72. 
Sisymbrium  (botany),  Y.  477,  1  a.  S.  offici¬ 
nale,  XII.  106,  2  b. 

Sitala  Durga  [se'-ta-la  door'-ga] :  see  Chittel- 
droog. 

Sitka:  see  Alaska,  I.  239,  2  b,  241,  1  c.  Sit¬ 
ka  spruce,  2  a. 

Sitoph'ilus  (entomology),  XYI.  535,  2  c. 

Sitta  (ornithology),  XII.  540,  2  b.  S.  Caroli- 
nensis,  2  c;  Canadensis,  541,  1  a;  Europasa, 

1  b  (ill.). 

Siva  [se'-va] :  see  India,  Religions  of,  IX.  228, 

2  a,  be,  229,  1  c,  2  a,  c ;  Juggernaut,  706, 

1  c;  Phallic  Worship,  XIII.  380,  2  be,  381, 

1  c.  Wife  of,  IX.  230,  1  a,  2  b  ;  sons  of,  1  b. 
Golden  temple  of,  at  Benares,  II.  514,  2  c. 

Siyas  [se-vas'],  vilayet  of  Turkey,  XY.  72. 
Capital,  2  be. 

Sivash :  see  Siwash  (Index). 

Sivatherium,  fossil  animal,  YI.  541,  1  b;  XIY. 
467,  2  a,  468,  2  c. 

Sivertsen ,  Gort  [se'-vert-sen] :  see  Adelaar. 
Sivori,  Ernesto  Camillo  [se-vo'-re],  Italian  vio¬ 
linist,  XY.  72. 

Siwah  [se'-wTa],  oasis,  XY.  73;  YI.  455,  1  b. 
Siward ,  Earl  [se'-ward],  VI.  433,  1  be,  c,  2  b ; 

X.  771,  2  be. 

Siwash  [se-vash'] :  see  Azov,  II.  175,  1  b,  and 

Y.  483,  2  b. 

“  Six  articles,  statute  of:  ”  see  Henry  YIII., 
YIII.  652,  2  c,  and  Y.  153,  1  c.  Adoption 
opposed  by  Cranmer,  460,  1  b.  Repealed, 
YI.  438,  1  b. 

Six  Nations:  see  Iroquois,  and  XII.  353,  2  b. 
Six  Principle  Baptists,  religious  sect,  XV .  73. 
Sixtus,  name  of  five  popes,  XY.  73.  Sixtus 
IY.,  2  ab ;  on  the  immaculate  conception, 
IX.  195,  1  c.  Sixtus  V.,  XY.  74,  1  b. 

Sizars ,  in  Cambridge  university,  III.  644,  2  b. 
Size,  or  sizing,  for  paper,  XIII.  47,  1  a.  Gold 
size,  in  gilding,  VII.  808,  1  c ;  oil  gold  size, 
2  ab. 

Sjaelland  [shel'-land] :  see  Seeland. 


SKAGER 


SLAVERY 


697 


Skager  Rack  [ska'-glier],  strait,  XV.  74. 

Skal  [skal],  kind  of  mountain,  IX.  150,  1  ab. 
Skald :  see  Scald  (Index). 

Skalzi ,  the,  X.  43,  1  c  (Kootenays). 

Skamania,  county,  XV.  74. 

Skanda,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  230,  1  be. 
Skaneateles  lake  [ska-ne-at'-e-less],  (16  m.  long), 
XII.  354,  2  ab;  631,  2  c. 

Skate,  XV.  74.  “Parlor”  skate,  75,  1  a. 
Skate,  fish:  see  Ray.  Smooth,  XIV.  222, 

1  be  (ill.) ;  common,  2  ab.  Skates’  barrows, 
221,  2  b. 

Skavronski,  father  of  Catharine  I.,  IV.  110,  2  a. 
Skeat,  Walter  William,  English  philologist, 
XV.  75. 

Skeeling  goose,  sheldrake  so  called,  XIV.  843,  2  a. 
Skeleton,  XV.  75  (ills.,  76).  Human,  1  c; 
skull,  ib. :  see  Brain  ;  ear.  bones,  2  c :  see 
Ear  ;  trunk,  77,  1  b ;  hip  bones,  ib. :  see 
Pelvis;  upper  extremities,  2  ab;  lower,  2  c. 
Of  the  lower  animals :  see  Comparative 
Anatomy.  Of  leaves  :  see  Leaf. 

Skelp ,  iron  for  gun  barrels,  VII.  356,  2  c. 
Skelton,  John,  English  poet,  XV.  78. 
Skenesborough  (Whitehall),  XVI.  605,  2  a. 
Skerryvore'  :  see  Lighthouse,  X.  460,  1  c. 
Skid'daw,  mountain  of  England,  XV.  78. 
Skimmer,  bird,  XV.  78.  Black,  2  ab  (ill.)  ; 
other  names,  2  be. 

Skin,  XV.  78  (ills.,  79).  See  Epidermis.  Ab¬ 
sorbent  powers  of  :  see  Absorption. 

Skin,  of  a  boat :  see  Rowing,  XIV.  458,  1  b. 
Skink,  family  of  lizards,  XV.  80.  Common, 

2  a  (ill.);  XI.  749,  1  b.  Great  galliwasp, 
XV.  80,  2  ab.  Five-lined  skink,  2  b. 

Skin  mite ,  VI.  694,  2  be  (ill.). 

Skinner,  Thomas  Harvey,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XV.  80. 

Skins,  for  leather,  X.  271,  1  a.  Fur,  treat¬ 
ment  of,  VII.  540,  2  c ;  for  felting,  VIII. 
510,  2  c. 

Skio  [ske'-o] :  see  Scio. 

Skioldebrand  [shol'-deh-brand],  alleged  discov¬ 
erer  of  the  fennec,  VII.  131,  1  b. 

Skipjack,  fish:  see  Bluefish,  II.  757,  2  c; 
Bonito,  III.  68,  2  a. 

Skipper,  of  a  fishing  vessel,  IV.  794,  1  c. 
Skipper,  cheese  maggot,  VII.  295,  2  a,  b  (ill.). 
Skirmishing ,  military,  in  America,  IX.  269, 
2  b;  in  Prussia,  271,  2  ab. 

Skoptzi ,  Russian  sect,  XIV.  485,  1  be. 
Skowhe'gan,  county  seat,  XV.  160,  2  c. 
Skralinger  [skra'-ling-er],  Esquimaux,  VIII. 
235,  1  ab. 


Skroellings  [skrel '-lings] :  see  Esquimaux,  VI. 
729,  2  b. 

Skrzynecki,  Jan  Boncza  [skrzhe-nets'-ke],  Po¬ 
lish  soldier,  XV.  81. 

Skua,  bird,  XV.  81.  Common,  1  be  (ill.). 
Arctic,  1  c. 

Skull  :  see  Comparative  Anatomy,  and  Skel¬ 
eton.  Fossil  human  skulls,  I.  643,  1  ab ; 
VII.  188,  2  c;  XI.  395,  2  c. 

Skullcap,  plant,  XV.  81  (ill.). 

Skunk,  animal,  XV.  82  (ill.).  Fur  of  the 
black  skunk,  VII.  539,  2  c. 

Skunk  Cabbage,  plant,  XV.  82  (ill.,  83). 
Skupshtina  [skoop-shte'-na],  national  assembly 
of  Montenegro,  XI.  780,  1  be;  of  Servia, 
XIV.  781, 1  b. 

Sky,  cause  of  its  blue  color,  II.  83,  2  b ;  X.  451, 

1  be.  Color  at  great  elevations,  I.  148,  1  c. 
Skye,  island,  Hebrides,  XV.  83.  Skye  terrier, 
663,  1  a  (ill.,  662). 

Skylark  :  see  Lark,  X.  172, 1  b  (ill.)*  Amer¬ 
ican,  2  b  (ill.). 

Sky  rocket ,  XIV.  117,  1  c. 

Sla  [sla] :  see  Sale. 

Slag ,  of  metallic  ores,  XI.  426,  1  c ;  of  iron, 
IX.  397,  2  c  ;  of  lead,  X.  257, 1  ab,  ff. 
Slaghock,  archbishop  of  Lund,  IV.  525,  2  c. 
Slander,  in  law,  XV.  83. 

Slane,  for  cutting  peat,  XIII.  218,  2  c  (ill.,  219). 
Slants  valley,  Xapoleon’s  first  burial  place, 
III.  46,  1  ab. 

Slang,  XV.  85.  Of  the  stock  exchange,  388, 

1  be.  Of  the  prize  ring,  XIV.  74,  2  b. 
Americanisms,  84,  2  ab :  see  Americanisms. 

Slat,  slate ,  in  basket  making,  II.  365,  2  b. 
Slate,  rock,  XV.  87.  Slate  pencils,  88,  2  b. 
Hornblende  slate,  VIII.  821,  1  c.  Enamel¬ 
ling  of,  VI.  591,  1  be. 

Slater,  Samuel,  American  manufacturer,  XV. 
88 ;  V.  412,  1  c. 

Slavata,  Count  [sla-va'-ta],  Bohemian  historian, 
II.  789,  1  a ;  XV.  709,  2  c. 

Slave,  origin  of  the  word,  XV.  94, 1  c(Slavery). 
Slave  Coast,  Africa,  XV.  89. 

Slave  kings ,  dynasty  in  India,  IX.  207,  2  b. 
Slave  river  (Mackenzie),  X.  791,  1  c. 

Slavery,  XV.  89.  Ancient,  1  c.  In  Greece, 

2  ab.  Helots,  2  c.  Supply  of  slaves,  ib. 
Number,  90,  1  a.  Condition  of  the  manu¬ 
mitted,  1  b. — Roman  slavery,  ib.  All  ranks 
of  war  prisoners  sold  into  slavery,  2  be. 
Multiplication  of  slaves  by  conquests,  91, 
1  a,  ft.  Effect  on  the  free  agricultural  pop¬ 
ulation,  ib.  Other  sources  of  slaves,  1  c,  ff. 


698 


SLAVI 


SMALCALD 


Employments  of  Roman  slaves,  92,  1  a.  Re¬ 
lation  to  the  master  and  treatment  by  him, 

1  b.  Marriage  of  slaves,  1  be.  Punish¬ 
ments,  1  c.  Manumission,  ib. ;  republican 
period  favorable  to  it,  2  ab ;  also  the  Chris¬ 
tian  emperors,  2  b.  Number  of  Roman 
slaves,  2  be.  Prices,  2  c.  Servile  insurrec¬ 
tions,  93, 1  a. — Slave  trade  of  antiquity,  1  c ; 
Roman,  2  b ;  fed  by  wars,  94,  1  ab.  Esti¬ 
mation  of  the  slave  trader,  1  b.  Influence  of 
slavery  on  the  decline  of  Rome,  ib.—  Slavery 
in  the  middle  ages,  1  c.  Enslavement  of 
prisoners  in  Moslem  and  Christian  wars,  94, 

2  a,  ff. — Negro  slavery,  95,  1  c.  Since  the 
discovery  of  America,  96,  1  ab.  Prevalence 
of  it  in  America,  2  b.  Ineffectual  remon¬ 
strances  of  the  colonies,  ib.  How  regarded 
in  England,  2  be ;  decision  of  Lord  Mans¬ 
field,  97,  1  a;  of  Chief  Justice  Holt,  1  b. 
Slave  trade  abolished,  2  a.  Emancipation 
movement,  ib.  Apprenticeship  system,  2  c ; 
abolition  of,  ib.  Slavery  in  France,  98,  1  a. 
The  slave  trade  abolished  by  various  coun¬ 
tries,  1  ab ;  by  the  United  States,  1  b ;  de¬ 
clared  piracy  by  the  United  States  and  Eng¬ 
land,  ib.  Slavery  in  Spanish  America,  1  c. 
Estimated  number  of  Africans  enslaved,  2  b  ; 
imported  into  British  colonies,  now  the  Uni- 

.  ted  States,  2  c  ;  census  of,  ib.  General  aver¬ 
sion  to  slavery,  and  action  of  the  several 
states,  99,  1  a,  ff.  Opposition  to  slavery  by 
eminent  statesmen  from  the  first,  2  a.  As¬ 
sociations  for  its  abolition,  2  b,  ff.  Missouri 
controversy,  2  c;  references,  ib.  American 
anti-slavery  society,  100,  1  a.  Liberty  party 
and  free-soil  party,  1  c.  American  abolition 
society,  and  church  anti-slavery  society,  2  ab. 
Effect  of  secession  on  the  relations  of  slavery 
to  the  government,  2  b,  ff.  Emancipation 
proclamation,  101,  2  be.  Slavery  prohibited 
in  U.  S.  territories,  102,  1  a.  Laws  for  ren¬ 
dition  of  fugitive  slaves  repealed,  ib.  Con¬ 
stitutional  amendment  prohibiting  slavery  in 
the  United  States,  1  ab ;  forbidding  compen¬ 
sation  for  slaves,  1  b.  Condition  of  the 
slave,  1  c.  Colonization  of  emancipated 
slaves,  2  c.  See  Colonization  Society. 

Siam :  see  Slavic  Race  and  Languages. 

Slavic  Race  and  Languages,  XV.  103.  Pan- 
slavic  movement,  2  b.  Old  or  Church  Sla¬ 
vic,  104,  1  a;  XI Y.  783,  2  be.  Living  Sla¬ 
vic  languages,  XV.  104,  1  be.  Religion  of 
the  ancient  Slavs,  2  a. 

Slavo-  Germanic  race ,  YI.  759,  2  b. 


Slavo-Lettic  race,  X.  374,  1  a. 

Slavonia,  Austro-Hungarian  province,  XY.104. 

Slavs  :  see  Slavic  Race  and  Languages,  and 
Russia,  XIY.  488,  2  b. 

Sledge ,  hammer,  VIII.  426,  1  c. 

Sleep,  XY.  105.  Condition  of  the  system  in 
natural  sleep,  2  ab.  Necessity  of,  IX.  131,  2  b. 

Sleeper,  of  a  railroad,  XIY.  170,  2  a;  179,  1  c. 

Sleeping  idol ,  of  Bangkok,  II.  270,  1  c. 

Sleidan,  Johann  [sll'-dan],  German  author, 
XY.  105. 

Sleight  of  hand,  IX.  707,  1  c. 

Sleswich :  see  Schleswig. 

Sleuth  hound,  II.  737,  1  b. 

“  Slickensidesf  in  lead  mines,  X.  250,  2  b. 

Slidell',  Alexander :  see  Mackenzie,  X.  789, 2  be. 

Slidell,  John,  American  politician,  XY.  105. 
Confederate  commissioner  to  France,  106, 

1  ab. 

Slide  rest,  of  a  lathe,  XYI.  73,  2  be. 

Sligo,  county  of  Ireland,  XY.  106.  Capital,  1  c. 

Slimes,  of  silver  ore,  XY.  52,  1  b. 

Slingsby ,  Philip ,  pseudonyme,  XYI.  644,  1  c. 

Slip,  potters’  material,  XIII.  786,  2  be;  788,  2  c. 

Sliver,  of  cotton,  Y.  413,  2  c. 

Sloane,  Sir  Hans,  British  naturalist,  XY.  106. 
His  bequest  to  the  British  nation,  2  b  ;  III. 
297,  2  a. 

Sloe,  tree,  XY.  106  (ill.,  107) ;  XIII.  620,  2  ab. 

Sloop,  XIY.  855, 2  ab.  Sloop  of  war,  XII.  188, 2  b. 

Sloth,  animal,  XY.  107.  Three-toed,  2  c  (ill., 
108).  Unau,  or  two-toed,  108,  1  b  (ill.). 

Sloth  bear,  II.  419,  1  a  (ill.). 

Slough  [sluf],  in  gangrene,  VII.  612,  1  b. 

Sloughing  phagedoena  [faj-e-de'-na],  hospital 
gangrene,  VII.  612,  2  b. 

Sloughter  [slow'-ter],  governor  of  New  York, 
X.  330,  2  c  (Leisler)  ;  XIII.  371,  2  be. 

Slov'aks,  Slavic  people,  XY.  108. 

Slovens  :  see  "Winds. 

Sloventzi :  see  Winds.  Language,  XIV.  783, 1  b. 

Slow  lemur,  lori  so  called,  X.  641,  2  b. 

Slubbing,  of  wool,  XYI.  718,  2  c.  Slubbing 
billy,  ib. 

Sludge,  in  petroleum  refining,  XIII.  372,  2  a. 

Slug,  mollusk,  XY.  108  (ill.,  109).  Common 
slug  of  New  England,  2  c ;  common  Euro¬ 
pean,  109,  1  a  (ill.). 

Slug  Worm,  larva,  XV.  109. 

Sluice,  in  gold  washing,  VIII.  83,  1  a,  2  a. 

Slums,  of  silver  ore,  XV.  52,  1  b. 

Sly  goose,  sheldrake  so  called,  XIY.  843,  2  a. 

Smalcald,  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  109.  Smal- 
cald league,  2  a;  IY. 295,  2  c,  296,  1  b;  XIII. 


SMALL 


SMITH 


699 


416,  1  be.  Articles  of  Sraalcald,  XY.  109, 
2  b ;  X.  728,  2  ab. 

Small  broom ,  parasitic  weed,  IY.  714,  2  be. 

Small'pox,  XY.  109.  First  appearance  of, 
2  b;  first  mention  of,  2  be,  I.  4,  1  c.  Phe¬ 
nomena  of,  XY.  109,  2  c,  ff.  Discrete 
smallpox,  110,  1  be;  confluent,  1  c,  2  c. 
After  effects  of  the  disease,  2  ab.  Compli¬ 
cations,  2  b.  Rate  of  mortality,  2  c.  Inocu¬ 
lation,  ib. ;  introduction  of,  111,  1  a.  Treat¬ 
ment,  ib. 

Smalt  [smawlt],  a  pigment,  IY.  76G,  2  b. 

Smar'agd:  see  Emerald. 

Smart,  Christopher,  English  author,  XY.  111. 

Smartweed  :  see  Polygonum,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Smeaton,  John,  English  civil  engineer,  XY. 
Ill;  X.  460, 1  a. 

Smectymnuus  :  see  Milton,  XI.  562, 1  ab.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  III.  566,  1  a. 

Smcds  battery ,  in  galvanism,  YII.  589,  2  a. 

Smell,  XY.  111.  Organ  of,  2  b.  Exciting 
causes  of,  2  be.  Acuteness  of  in  some  ani¬ 
mals,  112,  1  a.  Influence  of  habit,  1  ab. 

Smelt,  fish,  XY.  112.  Common  American,  1  be 
(ill.).  European,  1  c.  Sand  smelt,  57,  2  be. 

Smelting  :  see  Copper  Smelting  ;  Iron  Man¬ 
ufacture,  IX.  390,  2  a,  ff. ;  Lead,  X.  256, 
1  ab,  ff. ;  Metallurgy,  XI.  424,  2  c,  ff. ; 
Silver,  XY.  50,  2  ab. 

Smerdis ,  brother  of  Cambyses,  put  to  death, 
III.  647,  1  a.  Personated  by  Gomates,  1  b. 
See  Persia,  XIII.  322,  1  a. 

Smet,  Peter  John  de,  American  missionary, 
XY.  112. 

Smethport ,  county  seat,  X.  789,  1  a. 

Smew,  bird,  XY.  112  (ill.,  113).  Called  white 
nun,  2  c.  See  XI.  406,  2  c. 

Smibert,  John,  Scottish  painter,  XY.  113. 

Smilaci'na  (botany),  XV.  158,  2  ab. 

Smilacine  [smi'-la-sin],  XIV.  635,  2  b. 

Smilax,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  113.  S.  rotundi- 
folia,  1  c  (ill.) ;  pseudo-China,  2  ab ;  herba- 
cea,  2  c;  China,  114,  1  a.  Another  plant 
so  called,  1  b  (ill.). — S.  officinalis,  XIY.  635, 
1  c  ;  medica  and  papyracea,  2  a ;  syphilitica, 
ib.,  and  III.  224,  2  b. 

Smiles,  Samuel,  British  author,  XY.  114. 

Smirke,  SirRobert,  English  architect,  XY.  114  ; 
III.  298, 1  a.  Sydney,  XV.  114,  2  b  (d.  1877). 

Smith,  four  counties,  XV.  114. 

Smith,  Adam,  Scottish  philosopher,  XY.  115. 
On  political  economy,  XIII.  668,  2  be.  See 
Philosophy,  430,  1  a;  Moral  Philosophy, 
XI.  807,  1  c,  812,  1  c. 


Smith,  Albert,  English  author,  XY.  115. 

Smith,  Alexander,  Scottish  poet,  XV.  116. 
Smith,  Eli,  American  missionary,  XY.  116. 
Smith ,  Father :  see  Gallitzin,  VII.  582,  2  ab, 
583,  1  a. 

Smith,  George,  English  oriental  scholar,  XV. 
116.  (Died  1876.)  Cuneiform  inscriptions 
deciphered  by  him,  2  a;  Y.  576,  2  a.  Chal¬ 
dean  account  of  the  deluge,  Y.  787, 1  c,  ff. 
Smith,  Gerrit,  American  philanthropist,  XY. 
116. 

Smith,  Gold  win,  English  author,  XY.  117. 
Smith,  Henry  Boynton,  American  clergyman 
and  educator,  XV.  117.  (Died  1877.) 

Smith,  James,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XY.  117. 

Smith,  James  and  Horace,  English  authors, 
XY.  118.  “Rejected  Addresses,”  1  b. 
Smith,  Sir  James  Edward,  English  botanist, 
XY.  118. 

Smith,  John,  founder  of  Virginia,  XY.  118. 
See  Pocahontas,  and  Isles  of  Shoals,  IX. 
429,  1  be,  c.  Referred  to,  XYI.  150,  2  ab. 
Smith,  John  Augustine,  American  physician, 
XY.  119. 

Smith,  John  Lawrence,  American  chemist,  XY. 

119.  See  Emery,  VI.  570,  1  c,  571,  1  ab. 
Smith,  John  Pye,  English  clergyman,  XY.  120. 
Smith,  Joseph,  founder  of  the  Mormon  church, 

XY.  120  ;  XI.  831,  2  c,  833,  2  b  ;  YII.  42,  1  b. 
Ilyrum,  XY.  120,  2  a;  XI.  836,  1  a,  ab. 
Smith,  Joseph  Mather,  American  physician, 
XY.  120. 

Smith,  Robert  Payne,  English  orientalist,  XY. 

120. 

Smith,  Samuel  Stanhope,  American  clergyman, 
XY.  121. 

Smith,  Seba,  American  author,  XY.  121.  Eliza¬ 
beth  Oakes  (Prince),  authoress,  1  be. 

Smith,  Sydney,  English  author,  XV.  121.  One 
of  the  founders  of  the  “Edinburgh  Review,” 
2  ab.  Efforts  for  Catholic  emancipation, 
2  b;  “Peter  Plymley’s  Letters,”  ib.  In¬ 
vestment  in  Pennsylvania  stocks,  2  c ;  neg¬ 
lect  of  the  state  to  pay  interest  on  her  bonds, 
ib.  ;  his  “Petition  to  Congress,”  and  “Let¬ 
ters  on  American  Debts,”  ib. 

Smith,  Thomas  Southvvood,  English  physician, 
XV.  122. 

Smith,  William,  English  geologist,  XY.  122  ; 
YII.  689,  2  ab. 

Smith,  William,  English  scholar,  XY.  122. 
Smith,  William  Andrew,  American  clergyman, 
XY.  122. 


TOO 


SMITH 


SNOWDROP 


Smith,  Sir  William  Sidney,  English  admiral, 
XY.  123. 

Smith  Centre ,  county  seat,  XV.  115,  1  b. 
Smithfield ,  county  seats,  IX.  428,  2  b  ;  669,  2  c. 
Smithfield  Martyrs1  memorial  church ,  London, 
X.  598,  2  c. 

Smithing :  see  Saw,  XIV.  651,  2  a. 

Smithland ,  county  seat,  X.  545,  1  b. 

Smithson,  James,  English  physicist,  founder 
of  the  Smithsonian  institution,  XV.  123. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  scientific  establish¬ 
ment  at  Washington,  XV.  123  (ill.,  124). 
Smithsonite ,  mineral,  III.  564,  2  b;  XVI.  820, 

1  b. 

Smithville ,  county  seats,  III.  361,  2c;  V.  765, 

2  c;  X.  230,  1  c. 

Smoke  Tree  :  see  Sumach,  XV.  462,  1  be  (ill.)* 
Smoky  City ,  sobriquet,  XIII.  554,  2  c. 

Smoky  Hill  river  (about  400  m.  long),  IX.  747, 

2  be. 

Smolensk',  government  of  Russia,  XV.  125. 

Capital  city,  126, 1  a.  Prince  of,  X.  66,  1  be. 
Smollett,  Tobias  George,  British  author,  XV. 
126. 

Smolt ,  young  salmon,  XIV.  568,  2  a. 
Smooth-bore  gun ,  causes  of  deviation  in  a  ball 
projected  from  it,  XIV.  327,  2  b. 

Smooth  hound ,  fish,  VI.  183,  2  c. 

Smut ,  fungus,  VII.  531,  1  be,  532,  2  b;  XI. 

45,  1  c  (ill.). 

Smybert:  see  Smibert. 

Smyrna,  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  XV.  127  (ilk). 
Smyrna  nuts ,  VIII.  555,  1  b. 

Smyth,  county,  XV.  128. 

Smyth,  Thomas,  American  clergyman,  XV.  128. 
Smyth,  William  Henry,  British  naval  officer, 
XV.  128.  Charles  Piazzi,  astronomer  royal 
for  Scotland,  2  b.  Theory  of  the  great  pyra¬ 
mid,  and  of  the  astronomical  knowledge  of 
the  Egyptians,  II.  43,  2  b ;  XIV.  104,  2  a. 
Snags ,  of  the  deer,  V.  756,  2  b. 

Snag  tree ,  II.  679,  1  c  (ill.). 

Snail,  XV.  128.  Desert  snail  of  Egypt,  129, 
1  b.  Roman  or  vineyard,  id.  Common  gar¬ 
den  snail,  1  c.  American,  ib.  (ill.). 

Snake  :  see  Serpent. 

Snake  Bird:  see  Darter,  V.  692,  1  c,  anc 
Wryneck,  bird. 

Snakehead ,  plant,  XV.  131,  1  be. 

Snake  heads ,  in  railroad  tracks,  XIV.  173, 1  ab. 
Snake  River,  XV.  129;  IX.  166,  2  be,  167, 
1  a,  2  c. 

Snakeroot,  plant,  XV.  130.  Seneca,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
of  the  shops,  1  c ;  Virginia,  2  a,  c  (ill.) :  see 


Guaco;  Dutchman’s  pipe,  2  b;  Canada  (wild, 
or  Indian  ginger),  2  c  (ill.)  ;  black,  131, 1  ab  ; 
button,  ib. ;  white,  1  c.  Snakehead,  ib. 
Snakes,  Indians  :  see  Shoshones. 

Snaphaunce ,  gun  lock,  XII.  100,  2  b  (ill.,  98). 
Snapper ,  fish,  VIII.  368,  1  b. 

Snapping  Turtle,  XV.  131  (ill.).  Name  mis¬ 
applied,  2  c. 

Snath ,  of  a  scythe,  XIV.  725,  2  ab. 

Sneedsville ,  county  seat,  VIII.  434,  1  c. 
Sneeuwbergen  [sna'-uv-bair-ghen],  mountains, 
III.  743,  1  c. 

Sneezewort:  see  Yarrow,  plant. 

Sneezing,  XV.  131. 

Snell,  Willebrord,  Dutch  mathematician,  XV. 

132.  “  Snell’s  law,”  XII.  658,  1  a  (Optics)  ; 
X.  438,  2  b,  c. 

Snelling,  Josiah,  American  soldier,  XV.  132. 
Snethen,  Nicholas  [sne'-^en],  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  XV.  132. 

Sneyders  [sni'-derce] :  see  Snyders. 

Snipe,  group  of  wading  birds,  XV.  132.  Gray 
or  red-breasted,  2  c ;  American  or  Wilson’s, 

133,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  great  or  double,  2  a;  common 
European,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  Cape  snipe,  2  b.  Ash- 
colored,  red-breasted,  &c. :  see  Knot. 

Snoho'mish,  county,  XV.  133. 

Snohomish  City ,  county  seat,  XV.  133,  2  c. 
Snorra  Edda ,  VI.  399,  2  be. 

Snorre  Sturluson  :  see  Snorri  Sturlason. 
Snorri  Sturlason,  Icelandic  historian,  XV. 

133.  Edda  of,  VI.  399,  2  be. 

Snow,  XV.  134.  Condition  of  its  formation, 

1  c.  Snow  flakes,  2  be  (ills.).  Amount  of 
snowfall,  135,  1  ab.  Geographical  distribu¬ 
tion,  1  c.  Limit  of  perpetual  snow,  2a;  II. 
83,  2  a.  Non-conductor  of  heat,  XV.  135, 

2  ab.  Tinged  snow,  causes  of,  2c:  see  Al- 
gjs,  I.  299,  1  b ;  Blood  Rain,  II.  738,  2  b. 

Snowball,  plant :  see  Guelder  Rose,  VIII. 
296,  1  a. 

Snowball ,  fungus,  XII.  71,  2  b  (Mushroom). 
Snowberry,  shrub,  XV.  136  (ill.).  Wolfberry, 
2  a.  Indian  currant  or  coralberry,  2  ab. 
Snow  Bird,  XV.  136.  Common,  2  ab  (ill.); 

VII.  190,  2  ab,  b. 

Snow  Bunting  :  see  Bunting. 

Snowdon  mountains ,  Wales,  IV.  7, 1  ab;  XVI. 
425,  2  c.  Snowdon  or  Moel-y-Wyddfa, 
peak,  ib. 

Snowdrop,  flower,  XV.  137.  Common,  1  be 
(ill.).  Crimean,  1  c. 

Snowdrop  Tree,  XV.  137.  Four-winged,  2  a 
(ill.)  ;  two-winged,  2  ab. 


SNOWFLAKE 


SOHN 


701 


Snowflake,  flower,  XV.  137.  Spring,  2  c  (ill., 
138);  summer,  138,  1  b;  autumnal,  ib.  See 
Hyacinth. 

Snow  I/ilC,  county  seats,  VIII.  227,  2  b ;  XVI. 
724,  2  c. 

Snow  white ,  a  paint,  XVI.  826,  1  b. 

Snuff  :  see  Tobacco,  XV.  783,  1  c. 

Snuff  bean,  XV.  796,  1  c. 

Snyder,  county,  XV.  138. 

Snyders,  Francis,  Flemish  painter,  XV.  138. 

Snyers :  see  Snyders. 

So,  of  the  Bible :  see  Egypt,  VI.  463,  1  a,  and 
749,  2  b. 

SoaJcs,  in  tanning,  X.  273,  2  a. 

Soane,  Sir  John  (1753-1837,  professor  of  archi¬ 
tecture),  museum  of  (presented  by  him  to 
the  nation),  X.  605,  2  c. 

Soap,  XV.  138. 

Soap  bubble,  VI.  490,  2  c. 

Soapstone  :  see  Talc. 

Soap  tree,  XV.  138,  2  a.  Soapwort,  ib. 

Sobat',  tributary  of  the  Nile,  XII.  449,  1  b. 

Sobieski  [so-byes'-ke] :  see  John  III.  Sobieski, 
and  IX.  823,  1  c. 

Sobraon,  battle  of,  VIII.  128,  2  a ;  XV.  37,  1  c. 

Soe'age,  a  tenure  of  land,  XV.  655,  1  be;  in 
England,  V.  150,  1  a.  Abolition  of  in  Aus¬ 
tria,  II.  147,  1  c. 

Socialdemolcraten  [zo-tse-al'-da-mo-kra'-ten], 
German  political  party,  XV.  143,  1  a. 

Socialism,  doctrine  of  social  reorganization, 
XV.  139.  In  ancient  times,  2  b.  In  the  mid¬ 
dle  ages,  2  c.  In  modern  times,  140,  1  ab ; 
in  the  United  States,  2  a ;  France,  ib.,  2  b ; 
England,  142,  1  b ;  Germany,  2  be.  See 
International  Association. 

Social  science,  definition  of,  XIII.  663,  2  c. 

Social  war,  in  Roman  history,  XI.  173,  2  b ; 
XIV.  407,  1  b. 

Societe  J acclimatation  [so-se-a-ta  da-kle-ma- 
ta-se-ong],  in  Paris,  I.  59,  2  c. 

Societies,  Literary  and  Scientific,  XV.  143. 

Society,  in  Congregational  polity,  V.  243,  1  a. 

Society  of  Brothers :  see  Swift,  XV.  521,  2  a. 

“ Society  for  Equitable  Assurance, ”  England, 
X.  425,  1  c. 

Society  Islands,  S.  Pacific,  XV.  144. 

Society  of  Jesus :  see  Jesuits,  and  XI.  731,  1  a. 

Socii  formati ,  of  the  Jesuits,  IX.  627,  1  b. 

Socinian :  see  Socinus,  XV.  146,  1  ab. 

Soci'nus,  Laslius,  Italian  theologian,  XV.  145. 
Faustus,  2  b ;  XVI.  114,  2  ab. 

Sociology,  science  of  social  organization,  XV. 
146. 


Socorro,  county,  XV.  147. 

Socorro,  county  seat,  XV.  147,  1  c. 

Soo'otra,  island,  Indian  ocean,  XV.  147. 

Socrates  [sok'-ra-teez],  Greek  philosopher,  XV. 
147.  Philosophy  of,  XIII.  429,  2  c  ;  432,  2  c ; 
434,  1  a;  437,  2  b;  601,  2  b.  See  Moral 
Philosophy,  XI.  808,  2  a,  ab,  c.  The  hem¬ 
lock  he  drank  proved  to  be  that  of  the  pres¬ 
ent  day,  II.  531,  1  b. 

Soda,  XV.  149.  Caustic  soda,  2  b.  Normal 
carbonate,  150,  1  a.  Commercial  carbonate, 
2  be ;  uses  of,  2  c.  Bicarbonate,  152,  2  a ; 
biphosphate,  153, 1  a;  hyposulphite,  150,  2  ab, 
152,  1  a;  muriate,  XIV.  571,  1  a;  nitrate, 
XII.  462,  2  c ;  phosphate,  XV.  152,  2  c ; 
sulphate :  see  Glauber’s  Salt.  Decompo¬ 
sition  of,  VII.  597,  1  be. 

Soda  card,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  2  a. 

Sodality,  religious  guild,  VIII.  308,  1  a. 

Soda  Powders  :  see  Effervescence,  VI.  448, 1  c. 

Soda  Water  :  see  Mineral  Waters,  XI.  596, 
1  b,  597,  1  b ;  III.  774,  2  a. 

Sodermanland,  province  of  Sweden,  XV.  151. 

Sodic  bromide,  XV.  151,  2  be.  Sodic  carbo¬ 
nate,  150,  1  a,  2  be ;  acid  sodic  carbonate, 
152,  2  ab.  Sodic  chloride,  XIV.  571,  1  a 
(Salt);  iodide,  XV.  151,  2  be;  nitrate,  XII. 
462,  2  c.  Sodic-potassic  tartrate:  see  Ro¬ 
chelle  Salt.  Sodic  sulphate :  see  Glau¬ 
ber’s  Salt. 

Sodium,  alkali  metal,  XV.  151.  Salts,  2  be. 
Silicate  of,  153,  1  a;  139,  1  b.  General 
characteristics  of  sodium  salts,  153,  1  ab. 
Sodium  valerianate,  XVI.  246,  1  be. 

Sod'om,  in  Biblical  history,  XV.  153.  See 
Dead  Sea,  V.  725,  2  be,  727,  1  c. 

Sodoma,  II :  see  Razzi. 

Soest  [zost],  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  153. 

Sceurs  fideles  de  la  sagesse  [suhr  fe-dail  duh  la 
sa-zhess],  religious  order,  III.  254,  1  c. 

Sofala  [so-fa'-Ia],  country  of  Africa,  XV.  153. 
Town,  2  b. 

Soffar,  Persian  adventurer,  XIII.  323,  1  b. 

Soffarides ,  Persian  dynasty,  XIII.  323,  1  b. 

Soffet,  Tyrian  magistrate,  XIII.  454,  2  a. 

Soffioni,  vapor  vents,  III.  96,  2  b  ;  IX.  444,  1  c. 

Soffit,  in  architecture,  I.  657,  1  b. 

Sofia  [so-fe'-a] :  see  Tzarskoye  Selo. 

Softening  of  the  brain,  III.  198,  2  c;  202,  1  ab. 

Sogdiana,  in  ancient  geography,  XV.  153  ;  II. 
799,  2  a. 

Sohar,  town  of  Oman,  XV.  153. 

Sohl  [zole] :  see  Z6lyom. 

Sohn,  Karl  Ferdinand  [zone],  German  painter, 


702 


SOHO 


SOLOMON" 


XV.  154.  Paul  Eduard  Richard,  painter,  , 
1  ab.  Wilhelm,  painter,  ib. 

Soho  square ,  London,  X.  596,  2  a. 

Soil:  see  Agricultural  Chemistry,  I.  195, 

1  a,  ff.  Analysis  of  soils,  197,  1  c. 

Soissons  [swa-song],  town  of  France,  XV.  154. 

Soja  hispida  (botany),  XV.  202,  2  c. 

SohoJcis ,  Abenaqui  Indians,  I.  19,  2  c. 

Soicolski ,  archimandrite,  III.  423,  1  a. 

Sokoto  :  see  Sackatoo. 

Sol :  see  Helios. 

Sol  [sole],  in  music,  VII.  548,  2  a  ;  XII.  82,  2  b. 

Solage ,  count  de  [suh-lazh],  prisoner  in  the 
Bastile,  II.  376,  1  c. 

Solana'cece  (botany),  XIII.  764,  1  b. 

So'lander,  Daniel  Charles,  Swedish  naturalist, 
XV.  154;  II.  285,  2  c. 

Solan  Goose  :  see  Gannet. 

Solania ,  alkaloid,  referred  to,  VI.  304,  2  b; 
XII.  445,  2  a. 

Solanine  [sol'-a-nin],  alkaloid,  XIII.  765,  1  b; 
XII.  445,  2  a. 

Solano  [so-la'-no],  county,  XV.  154. 

Solano ,  a  wind,  VIII.  148,  1  c ;  XV.  205,  1  ab. 

Sola'num,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  154;  XIII. 
764,  1  b.  S.  iEthiopicum,  VI.  452,  1  ab; 
capsicastrum,  IX.  622,  2  c ;  Carolinense, 
XV.  155,  1  a;  crinitum,  2  c;  dulcamara, 

1  b  (ill.),  VI.  304,  2  b ;  hybridum-compac- 
tum,  IX.  623,  1  a  (ilk);  jasminoides,  XV. 
155,  2  c;  lycopersicum,  791,  2  ab;  macran- 
thum  and  marginatum,  155,  2  c;  melongela, 
VI.  451,  2  b ;  nigrum,  XII.  445,  1  b  (ill.) ; 
ovigerum,  VI.  452,  1  a;  pseudo-capsicum, 
IX.  622,  2  ab;  tuberosum,  XIII.  764,  1  b; 
Warscewiczii,  XV.  155,  2  c  (ilk). 

Solar  cycle ,  III.  579,  2  b. 

Solar  lamps,  X.  129,  2  c. 

Solar  spectrum  :  see  Spectrum,  and  Light,  X. 
440,  1  ab  (ilk). 

Solar  spots ,  cycle  o  f,  XI.  11,2a.  See  Sun  (Index). 

Solar  System  :  see  Planet,  and  Sun.  Its 
supposed  centre  of  motion,  I.  267,  1  be 
(Alcyone). 

Solar  Time  :  see  Day.  Solar  year  and  day  | 
and  lunar  month,  natural  relation  of :  see 
Calippus. 

Solar  way,  apex  of  the :  see  Star,  XV.  312,  1  c. 

Solder,  a  metallic  cement,  XV.  156.  Soft, 

1  ab,  667,  1  a;  coarse,  X.  263,  2  a;  com¬ 
mon,  ib. ;  fine,  ib. ;  hard,  I.  336,  1  b.  See 
Brazing. 

Soldering,  principle  of,  I.  336,  1  b ;  with  va¬ 
rious  metals,  ib. 


Soldering  fluid,  in  electrotyping,  VII.  601,  2  c. 

Soldering  iron ,  XV.  156,  1  c. 

Soldier  ant,  I.  540,  1  b. 

Soldier  bug,  spined,  XIII.  769,  2  c. 

Sole,  fish,  XV.  156.  Common,  2  ab  (ilk) ; ' 
New  York,  2  c. 

So'lea  (ichthyology),  XV.  156,  2  a.  S.  vulga¬ 
ris,  2  ab  (ilk). 

Soleil  [suli-lay’],  (Jean  Baptiste  Francois,  1798- 
1878,  optical  instrument  maker  of  Paris), 
suggestion  of  a  normal  unit  of  measurement 
by,  II.  588,  2  a.  Saccharimeter  of,  XV.  442, 

2  b,  c  (ilk). 

Soleinnes  [sub-lain],  bibliomaniac,  II.  622,  1  c. 

Sole  leather ,  X.  271,  1  a,  ab;  273,  1  be.  Sole 
leather  roller,  275,  2  a. 

“  Solemn  League  and  Covenant XIII.  810, 

2  a;  XVI.  260,  1  c. 

Solen  (conchology),  XIV.  225,  2  a.  S.  ensis, 
2  b  (ilk) ;  siliqua  and  curtus,  2  be. 

Solera  [so-la'-ra],  stock  wine,  XV.  224,  1  c. 

Soleure  [so-lilhr] :  see  Solothurn. 

Solfatara  [sole-fa-ta'-ra],  sulphur-yielding  fis¬ 
sure,  XV.  456,  1  a. 

Solferino  [sole-fa-re'-no],  Italy,  battle  of,  X\  . 
157. 

Solferino,  color,  VI.  343,  1  a. 

Solger,  Karl  Wilhelm  Ferdinand  [zole'-gher], 
German  author,  XV.  157. 

Solicitor,  X.  237,  1  a,  be,  2  a  (Lawyer). 

Solid  of  least  resistance ,  IX.  123,  1  b. 

Solida'go  (botany),  VIII.  90, 1  a.  S.  virgaurea, 

1  ab ;  thyrsoidea,  1  c ;  odora,  2  a ;  bicolor, 
ib. ;  Canadensis,  ib.  (ilk) ;  and  other  species. 

Solidungula  (zoology),  VIII.  824,  2  be ;  738, 

2  c  (solidungulate). 

Soliman  :  see  Solyman. 

Solimo'ens  (Port.  Solimoes,  so-le-moings'),  part 
of  the  Amazon,  I.  380,  2  a. 

Solingen  [zo'-ling-en],  town,  Prussia,  XV.  157. 

Solipeds,  XVI.  110,  2  c  (Unguiculata). 

Solis,  Antonio  de  [so-leece'],  Spanish  historian, 
XV.  157. 

Solis,  Juan  Diaz  de,  navigator,  XV.  157. 

|  Solitaire,  bird,  VI.  176,  2  c. 

Sollicitudo  omnium  Ecclesiarum,  papal  consti¬ 
tution,  IX.  195,  2  b. 

Solly,  Samuel,  English  surgeon,  XV.  157. 

Solmization,  in  singing,  XV.  157.  See  Are- 
tino,  Guido,  and  Music,  XII.  76,  1  be. 

Solms,  Marie  de,  princess  [Fr.  sulm;  Ger. 
zolmss],  XIV.  214,  1  c  (Rattazzi). 

Solomon:  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  586,  2  c.  His 
navy,  XIV.  239,  2  b. 


SOLOMON 


SOOCHOW 


703 


Solomon ,  pools  of, \  IX.  615,  2  a. 

Solomon,  Song  of :  see  Canticles. 

Solomon,  Wisdom  of:  see  Wisdom,  Book  of. 
Solomon  ben  Gabirol,  Jewish  philosopher  and 
poet,  XV.  157. 

Solomon  ben  Isaac,  rabbi,  XV.  157. 

Solomon  Islands,  S.  Pacific,  XV.  158. 
Solomon’s  Seal,  plant,  XV.  158  (ill.).  False 
Solomon’s  seal,  2  ab. 

Solon,  Athenian  lawgiver,  XV.  158 ;  II.  55, 

1  b.  His  constitution,  1  be ;  V.  6,  1  a. 
SoLorauRN  [zo'-lo-toorn],  Swiss  canton,  XV. 

159.  Capital,  1  b. 

Solstice  (astronomy),  XV.  159;  XIV.  741,  2  c. 
Solstitial  colure :  see  Solstice.  Solstitial 
points,  ib. 

Soltikoff, \  Count  Nicholas ,  I.  280,  2  c.  (Count 
Sergius),  IV.  Ill,  1  c. 

Solubility :  see  Water,  XVI.  495,  2  a,  ff. 
Soluble  Glass  :  see  Glass,  Soluble. 

Solution:  see  Water,  XVT.  495,  2  a,  ff. 
Solway  Fritii,  XV.  159. 

Sol  y  luna  [sole  e  loo'-na],  bird,  V.  86,  2  c. 
Sol'yman  II.,  the  Magnificent,  Ottoman  sultan, 
XV.  159.  See  Zrinyi. 

Soma ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  224,  2  a,  c; 

225,  1  be,  c. 

Somal:  see  Somauli. 

Somateria  mollissima  (ornithology),  VI.  481, 

2  a  (ill.).  S.  spectabilis,  482,  1  c  (ill.). 
Somauli,  African  tribes,  XV.  160. 

Sombrero  [some-bra'-ro],  discoverer  of  nitro¬ 
glycerine,  VII.  36,  2  a. 

Somers ,  Sir  George  [sunT-erz],  admiral  of  Vir¬ 
ginia,  XVI.  382,  1  a,  ab. 

Somers,  John,  lord,  English  statesman,  XV. 

160.  “Somers  Tracts,”  2  ab. 

Somerset,  four  counties,  XV.  160. 

Somerset ,  county  seats,  XIII.  311,  2  a;  XIV. 

78,  1  b;  XV.  161,  1  b. 

Somerset,  Edward  Seymour,  duke  of  (Pro¬ 
tector  Somerset) :  see  Seymour,  and  Ed¬ 
ward  VI. 

Somerset ,  Fitzroy,  Lord :  see  Raglan. 

Somerset ,  John  de  Beaufort ,  earl  of  IX.  655, 1  be. 
Somerset,  Robert  Carr,  earl  of :  see  Overbury, 
Sir  Thomas. 

Somerset  house ,  London,  X.  611,  1  a. 

Somerset  river ,  Africa,  XII.  547,  2  a,  c. 
Somersetshire,  county  of  England,  XV.  161. 
Somers  Islands  :  see  Bermudas. 

Somers  worth,  town,  New  Hampshire,  XV.  161. 
Somerville,  county,  XV.  161. 

Somerville,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XV.  161. 


Somerville ,  county  seats,  VII.  101,  2  b;  XI. 

827,  1  a;  XV.  161,  1  a. 

Somerville,  Mary,  British  physicist,  XV.  162. 
Somerville,  William,  English  poet,  XV.  162. 
Sommaire  philosophique  [sum-mair  fe-luh-suh- 
feek],  treatise  on  alchemy,  VII.  256,  1  a. 
Somme  [sum],  department  of  France,  XV.  162. 
Sommering,  branch  of  the  Alps:  see  Semmering. 
Sommering,  Samuel  Thomas  von,  German  phy¬ 
siologist,  XV.  162. 

Sommering ’s  steel  disk ,  for  the  microscope,  XI. 
520,  2  b. 

Somnambulism,  XV.  162;  III.  195,  1  c.  Sim¬ 
ple,  2  c  ;  morbid,  ib. ;  double  existence,  163, 

1  ab. 

Somnath  Pattan :  see  Somnauth. 

Somnauth  [som-nawt'],  town  of  India,  XV.  163. 
Somogy  [sho'-mody’],  county  of  Hungary,  XV. 
163. 

Somorrostro ,  iron  mine  of,  II.  662,  1  c. 

Sonata  [so-na'-ta],  musical  composition,  XV. 
163;  XII.  91,  1  b. 

Sonchus  [son'-kus],  (botany),  XV.  713,  2  ab. 
Soncino  [son-che'-no],  (town  20  m.  N.  N.  W. 
of  Cremona),  Hebrew  Bible  printed  at,  II. 
610,  2  b.  Battle  near,  VII.  50,  2  a. 
Sonderbund  [zun'-der-boont] :  see  Switzerland, 
XV.  532,  1  c ;  Jesuits,  IX.  633,  2  b. 
Sonderburg ,  castle  of  prison  of  Christian  II., 
IV.  526,  2  b.  District  of,  I.  357,  2  ab  (Alsen). 
Sondershausen  :  see  Schwarzburg-Sonders- 
hausen. 

Sondhaus',s  machine :  see  Sound,  XV.  183, 

2  ab  (ill.). 

Son'drio,  province  of  Italy,  XV.  163. 

Sone,  river  of  India,  XV.  163. 

Song  of  Songs  :  see  Canticles. 

Sonneberg  [zun'-neh-bairg],  town  of  Germany, 
XV.  164. 

SonneraVs  wild  cock  or  jungle  fowl  [sun-nuh- 
raz],  IV.  781,  1  a  (ill.).  (Pierre  Sonnerat, 
1749-1814,  French  traveller  and  naturalist.) 
Sonnet,  form  of  poem,  XV.  164. 

Sonnini  de  Manoncourt,  Charles  Nicolas  Si- 
gisbert  [sun-ne-ne  duh  ma-nong-koor],  French 
naturalist,  XV.  164. 

Sono'ma,  county,  XV.  164. 

Sonora,  state  of  Mexico,  XV.  165. 

Sonora ,  county  seat,  XVI.  40,  2  b. 

Sonorous  pulse,  XV.  181,  2  ab  (Sound). 
Son'tag,  Henriette  [Ger.  zun'-takh],  Countess 
Rossi,  German  singer,  XV.  165. 

Sonthal  [son-tal'],  tribe  in  India,  IX.  214,  2  c. 
Soocnow',  city  of  China,  XV.  165. 


704 


SOODAN 


SOUND 


Soodan',  territory  of  Africa,  XV.  165.  Ex¬ 
plorers,  166,  1  c.  Province  of  Egypt,  2  a. 
Soofees  :  see  Sufis. 

Sooloo',  chain  of  islands,  Indian  archipelago, 
XV.  166.  Island,  1  c,  2  a.  Town,  2  a. 
Soongaria  :  see  Turkistan,  XVI.  6T,  1  ab. 
Soonna :  see  Sunna. 

Soosoo',  dolphin  of  the  Ganges,  XV.  167  (ill.). 
Soothsayer  :  see  Mantis. 

Sophia  [so-fe'-a],  town  of  Bulgaria,  XV.  167. 
So'phia:  see  Proverbs,  XIV.  41,  2  b. 

Sophi'a  Alexeyev'na  :  see  Peter  I. 

Sophia  of  Celle  [tsel'-leh] :  see  George  I.,  VII. 
703,  2  b,  704,  1  b. 

Sophia  Dorothea,  crown  princess  of  Hanover, 
XV.  167;  X.  42,  1  h. 

Sophisms  of  Eubulides ,  specimen  of  the,  VL 
768,  1  a. 

Sophists:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  437,  2  ab  ; 

Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  808,  1  c. 

Sophocles  [sof-o-kleez],  Greek  tragic  poet, 
XV.  167.  Characterization,  168,  1  b. 
Sophocles,  Evangelinus  Apostolides,  American 
scholar,  XV.  168.  His  Greek  lexicon,  III. 
519,  1  ab. 

Sophonisba  :  see  Masinissa. 

Sophronius ,  patriarch  of  Jerusalem,  on  “  one 
mode  of  willing  and  working”  in  Christ, 
XI.  758,  1  b ;  VIII.  800,  1  a. 

Sorabs' ,  Slavic  tribe,  XVI.  552,  2  c. 

Sorac'te,  mountain  of  Italy,  XV.  168. 

Sora  rail ,  bird,  XIV.  169,  2  b. 

Sorbine  [sor'-bin],  saccharine  substance,  XY . 
441,  1  b. 

Sovbon ,  Robert  de  [sor-bong],  XV.  168,  2  c. 
Sorbonne  [sor-bun],  school  of  theology,  Paris, 
XV.  168.  Opposition  to  ultramontamsm, 
169,  2  a.  Suppressed,  2  b. 

Sorbs ,  trees  so  called,  XIV.  784,  2  ab. 

Sorbiis  (botany),  I.  806,  2  ab ;  XIV.  784,  2  a. 

S.  Americana,  I.  806,  2  b ;  aucuparia,  2  c. 
Sor'des,  in  typhus  fever,  VII.  167,  1  be. 

Sordino  [sor-de'-no],  musical  instrument,  XVI. 
367,  1  a. 

Sore ,  young  buck,  VII.  75,  1  c. 

Sorel',  town  of  Canada,  XV.  169. 

Sorel ,  river,  IV.  249,  2  a. 

Sorel,  Agnes :  see  Agnes  Sorel. 

So'rex  (zoology),  XV.  7,  2  b.  S.  personatus, 
2  be ;  araneus,  8,  1  b  (ill.). 

Sorgho :  see  Sorghum,  XV.  170,  1  b. 

Sorghum,  genus  of  grasses,  XV.  169.  S.  nu¬ 
tans,  2  c;  vulgare,  var.  saccliaratum,  170, 
1  b  (ill.),  III.  329,  1  be  (ill.) ;  andropogon, 


XII.  530,  1  a.  Cultivation  of  sorghum,  XV. 
170,  1  b,  ff.  Sorghum  molasses,  171,  1  a. 

Sori,  of  ferns,  VII.  149,  2  c. 

Soria,  province  of  Spain,  XV.  171.  Capital,  1  be. 
Sorites  [so-rl'-teez],  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  a. 

Soro ,  Feejee  mulct,  VII.  Ill,  2  c. 

Sorrel,  plant,  XV.  171  (ill.).  Sheep  sorrel, 

2  be  (ilk).  Wood  sorrel:  see  Oxalis.  Yel¬ 
low  wood  sorrel,  XII.  758,  2  c  ;  common,  ib. 
(ill.),  759,  1  b ;  violet,  1  a.  Salt  of  sorrel, 
758,  1  a,  759,  1  a ;  XIII.  763,  2  c. 

Sorrel ,  young  buck,  VII.  75,  1  c. 

Sorrel  tree  :  see  Tree  Sorrel. 

Sorrento,  city  of  Italy,  XV.  172. 

Sor'tes  convivia'les ,  X.  647,  1  ab. 

Sortes  Prcenesti’ nee,  XIII.  799,  2  c. 

Sortes  Virgilia'nce ,  XVI.  370,  2  c. 

Sos :  see  Shu  (Index). 

Soshi,  Japanese  miscellanies,  IX.  559,  2  b. 
Sosigenes  [so-sij'-e-neez],  (Alexandrian  astrono¬ 
mer),  III.  579,  1  c. 

Sosis  :  see  Shu  (Index). 

Sostom'agus ,  ancient  town,  IV.  69,  2  c. 
Sothern,  Edward  Askew  [su^'-ern],  American 
actor,  XV.  172. 

Sothic  year ,  IV.  557,  1  b ;  559,  1  b. 

Soto  :  see  De  Soto. 

Sot  well,  Nathaniel :  see  Southwell,  and  I. 
271,  1  a. 

Soubeiran  [soo-ba-rang],  (Eugene,  1797-1858, 
professor  of  pharmacy  in  Paris),  discovery 
of  chloroform  by,  IV.  502,  1  c ;  X.  415,  2  c. 
Soubise,  Benjamin  de  Bohan,  seigneur  do 
[soo-beez],  French  soldier,  XV.  172.  Charles 
de  Bohan,  prince  de,  soldier,  2  b. 

Soudan :  see  Soodan,  and  VI.  454,  2  b. 

Soufflot  [soo-flo],  (Jacques  Germain,  1713-80), 
architect,  XIII.  39,  1  be. 

Soul ,  distinct  powers  of  the,  first  taught  by 
Aristotle,  I.  706,  2  c.  Sommering’s  idea  of 
its  seat,  XV.  162,  2  b. 

Soul  of  the  world ,  X.  846,  2  a  (Magic). 
Soulanges  [soo-langzh],  county,  XV.  172. 
Soule,  Joshua  [sole],  American  clergyman,  XV. 
172. 

Soule,  Pierre  [soo-la/],  American  statesman, 
XV.  173. 

Soulie,  Melchior  Frederic  [soo-lya],  French 
novelist,  XV.  173. 

Soulouque,  Faustin  [soo-look'J,  Haytian  emv 
peror,  XV.  173 ;  VIII.  552,  2  c. 

Soult,  Nicolas  Jean  de  Dieu  [soolt],  duke  of 
Dalmatia,  French  soldier,  XV.  173. 

Sound,  XV.  174.  Origin  and  propagation  of 


SOUND 


SOUTHWORTI1 


705 


sound,  2  a  (ill.).  Pitch  and  determination 
of  the  number  of  vibrations,  175,  1  be  (ills.). 
Intensity  of  sound,  177,  1  be.  Timbre  of 
sound,  and  analysis  of  sounds,  2  ab  (ills.) ; 
VIII.  623,  2  c,  ff.  Reproduction  of  sono¬ 
rous  vibrations  from  curves  made  by  vibra¬ 
ting  bodies,  XV.  179,  1  be  (ills.).  Trans¬ 
mission  of  sound,  181,  1  be;  reflection  of, 
183,  1  a ;  refraction  of,  1  be  (ill.) ;  inter¬ 
ference  of,  2  b  (ills.).  Change  of  pitch  by 
translation  of  the  sounding  body,  184,  2  c. 
Perception  of  sounds  and  their  analysis  by 
the  ear,  185,  1  b.  Duration  of  residual  so¬ 
norous  sensations,  187, 1  c. — Sounds  observed 
at  great  distance,  I.  148,  1  b.  Effect  of 
pressure  and  temperature  on  its  transmission, 
VI.  492, 1  b.  Measurement  of,  by  pyrometer, 
XIV.  116,  1  ab.  Sound  produced  by  mag¬ 
netism,  XI.  6,  2  be. 

Sound,  The,  between  the  Cattegat  and  the 
Baltic,  XV.  188. 

Sounder ,  of  a  telegraph,  XV.  612,  1  c  (ill.). 

Sounding  :  see  Atlantic  Ocean,  II.  69,  2  a, 
and  Deedging,  Deep-Sea. 

Soundings ,  deep-sea ,  first  series  of,  II.  70,  1  a. 
Apparatus  for :  Brooke’s,  69,  2  b,  71,  2  b  ; 
Sand’s,  ib. ;  Trowbridge’s,  69,  2  b ;  Massey’s 
indicator,  2  c;  Stellwagen  cup,  71,  2  a; 
bulldog  machine,  2  b.  Deep-sea  thermome¬ 
ters,  74,  1  c ;  Six’s,  ib. ;  Saxton’s,  2  a ;  Mil- 
ler-Casella’s,  ib. 

Source  du  Par  [soorce  dii  par],  hot  spring,  IV. 
343,  1  a. 

Sour  gourd  (baobab),  II.  290,  1  b. 

Sour  Gum  :  see  Tupelo,  XVI.  40,  2  c. 

Souring  process,  in  bleaching,  II.  703,  2  c. 

Sour  sop ,  fruit,  V.  592,  2  c. 

Sour  water ,  of  dyers,  III.  208,  2  ab. 

Sour-wood ,  tree,  XV.  855,  1  c. 

Sousou :  see  Soosoo. 

South,  Robert,  English  clergyman,  XV.  188. 

South  Adams  :  see  Adams,  Mass. 

South  Amboy  :  see  Perth  Amboy. 

South  America  :  see  America,  I.  390,  2  a. 

Southampton,  county  of  Virginia,  XV.  188. 

Southampton ,  county  of  England :  see  Hamp¬ 
shire. 

Southampton,  town  of  England,  XV.  188. 

Southampton,  Henry  Wriothesley,  third  earl 
of,  English  statesman,  XV.  189. 

Southampton  island ,  Hudson  bay,  IX.  29,  1  c. 

SouTHAMPTONsniRE :  see  Hampshire. 

South  Australia,  British  colony,  XV.  189. 
Coast  line,  2  c.  Physical  features,  190,  1  a. 
45 


Minerals,  1  c.  Climate,  2  a.  Vegetation,  2  b. 
Animals,  2  c.  Government,  191,  1  a.  In¬ 
habitants,  1  ab.  Religious  organizations,  1  b. 
Education,  ib.  Commerce',  1  be.  History,  1  c. 
South  Australian  colonization  association ,  XV. 
191,  1  c. 

SouTn  Bend,  city  of  Indiana,  XV.  191. 

South  Carolina,  state,  XV.  191.  State  seal 
(ill.),  192.  Population,  1  b.  Topography,  2  c. 
Rivers,  193,  1  b.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  a. 
Natural  curiosities,  194,  1  a.  Climate,  1  b. 
Agriculture,  1  c.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Inter¬ 
communication,  195,  1  b.  Commerce,  2  a. 
Banks,  1  c.  Government,  ib.  Finances, 
196,  2  b.  Education,  197,  1  a.  Public  in¬ 
stitutions,  198, 1  a.  Religious  organizations, 

1  be.  History,  2  a.  Nullification  ordinance, 

2  be.  Ordinance  of  secession,  199,  1  ab ; 
repealed,  and  slavery  abolished,  2  a. 

Southcott,  Joanna,  English  religious  enthu¬ 
siast,  XV.  200.  Southcottians,  community 
of,  1  be. 

South  downs ,  England,  VI.  217,  2  c.  South 
down  mutton,  218, 1  a ;  sheep,  XIV.  839, 1  a. 
Southern,  Thomas,  British  dramatist,  XV.  200. 
Southern  Coalsack :  see  Galaxy,  VII.  559, 1  a. 
Southern  Dwina  :  see  Duna. 

Southernwood  :  see  Artemisia,  I.  773,  2  c. 
Southey,  Robert  [sow'TAe  or  sutfA'-e],  English 
author,  XV.  200.  Caroline  Anne  Bowles, 
201,  1  b. 

South  Foreland ,  promontory  of  England,  IX. 

794,  1  be.  North,  1  b. 

South  Kensington  museum,  London,  X.  605, 1  b; 
amphitheatre,  2  a. 

South  mountain,  Appalachians,  II.  759,  2  b ; 
XIII.  255,  2  a. 

South  Orange :  see  Orange,  XII.  666,  1  a,  be. 
South  park,  Colorado,  V.  101, 1  ab. 

South  Pass  City,  county  seat,  XV.  519,  1  c. 
South  sea  (Pacific  ocean),  XII.  780,  2  c. 

South  sea  bubble :  see  South  Sea  Scheme,  and 
VII.  703,  2  c. 

South  sea  company,  XV.  201,  1  c. 

South  Sea  Scheme,  XV.  201 ;  VII.  703,  2  c. 
Southwark  [su£A'-urk],  London,  X.  591,  2  a, 
592,  1  a ;  bridge,  1  b. 

SouTnwELL,  Nathaniel,  English  Jesuit  scholar, 

XV.  201. 

Southwell,  Robert,  English  author,  XV .  202. 
Southwick,  Solomon  (1774-1839,  journalist  o 
Albany),  antimasonic  leader,  I.  564,  2  a. 
Southworth,  Emma  D.  E.  (Nevitt),  American 
authoress,  XV.  202. 


706 


SOUVESTRE 


SPANKER 


Souyestre,  Emile  [soo-vestr’],  French  author, 

XV.  202. 

Souza ,  Thome  de  [so'-oo-za],  governor  of  Brazil, 
III.  231,  1  c. 

Souza  Botelho ,  Jose  Maria  de ,  marquis  [bo-ta/- 
lyoo],  Portuguese  diplomatist,  VII.  253,  1  c. 
Sovereign,  English  coin,  XIII.  794,  2  c.  First 
coined,  XI.  739,  2  b. 

Sovereign  of  the  Seas,  first  English  three-decker, 
XII.  184,  2  b  (ill.) ;  XIV.  857,  1  b. 

Sowbane ,  plant,  XIII.  508,  2  h. 

Sower ,  Christopher  (born  in  Germany,  died 
1758),  first  type  founder  in  the  United  States, 

XVI.  94,  1  c.  Printer  of  the  first  American 
edition  of  the  German  Bible,  ib.  Christo¬ 
pher,  jr.  (1721— ’84),  2  a. 

Sowerby,  James,  English  naturalist,  XV.  202. 
George  Brettingham,  2  b.  George  Bret- 
tingham  (2d),  ib. 

Sow  thistle ,  plant,  XV.  713,  2  b. 

Soy,  sauce,  XV.  202. 

Soya  (botany),  XIII.  203,  2  ab. 

Soyer,  Alexis  [swa-ya],  French  cook,  XV.  203. 
Soy  pea,  XIII.  203,  2  ab. 

Spa,  or  Spaa  [spa],  Belgian  watering  place, 
XV.  203  ;  II.  488,  2  c. 

Space  and  time ,  philosophical  notions  of,  estab¬ 
lished  by  Aristotle,  I.  706,  2  c. 

Spada,  Lionello  [spa'-da],  Italian  painter,  XV. 

203, 

Spadix,  of  plants,  XIII.  584,  2  c. 

Spagnoletto  [spa-nyo-let'-to],  Spanish  painter, 
XV.  203. 

Spahis  [spa'-hees],  Turkish  military  corps,  I. 
445,  2  c ;  III.  112,  2  a. 

Spain,  kingdom  of  Europe,  XV.  203.  (Map.) 
Coast  line,  2  a.  Rivers,  2  c.  Mountains, 

204,  1  a.  Geology,  1  c.  Minerals,  2  ah. 
Climate  and  soil,  2  he.  Flora  and  fauna, 

205,  1  ab.  Political  divisions  and  popula¬ 
tion,  2  a.  Inhabitants,  206,  2  ab.  Agricul¬ 
ture,  2  c.  Manufactures,  207,  1  h.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  a.  Commerce,  2  be.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  208,  1  a.  Finances,  2  be.  Coins, 
209,  1  a.  Religion,  1  ab.  Education,  2  a. 
Literary  societies,  libraries,  &c.,  2  c. — His¬ 
tory,  ib.  Roman  conquest,  210,  1  c.  Ger¬ 
man  invasions,  2  ab.  Arabian  conquest,  2  c. 
Early  Christian  kingdoms,  211,  1  b.  Union 
under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  2  c.  Austrian 
dynasty,  212,  1  be;  Bourbon,  2  c.  French 
domination,  213,  2  ab.  War  with  Napoleon, 
2  h.  Restoration  of  the  Bourbons,  214,  1  a. 
Reign  of  Isabella  II.,  2  be.  Revolution  of 


1868,  216,  1  be. — Spanish  interference  in 
Kentucky  (1790),  IX.  804,  2  b.  Attempt  to 
overthrow  Spanish  rule  in  North  America, 
786,  1  c.  Spanish  power  in  the  Netherlands, 
VIII.  161,  1  a;  I.  369,  2  c,  ff. 

Spain,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XV.  217. 
Literature,  early  period,  219,  1  ab;  second 
period,  under  Austrian  dynasty,  220,  2  a; 
third,  golden  era,  221,  2  a;  fourth,  modern, 
222,  1  c.  Catalan  literature,  223, 1  b.  Span¬ 
ish  American  literature,  1  c. — Foundation  of 
Spanish  prose,  I.  296,  1  a. 

Spain,  Wines  of,  XV.  223. 

Spalato  [spa-la'-to],  town  of  Dalmatia, XV.  225. 
Spalatro :  see  Spalato. 

Spalatum :  see  Spalato. 

Spalax  (zoology),  XI.  705,  2  b. 

Spalding  [spawl'-ding],  county,  XV.  225. 
Spalding,  Lyman,  American  physician, XV.  225. 
Spalding,  Martin  John,  prelate,  XV.  226. 
Spalding,  Solomon:  see  Mormons,  XI.  833,  lbc. 
Spallanzani,  Lazaro  [spal-lan-dza'-ne],  Italian 
naturalist,  XV.  226. 

Span ,  of  an  arch,  I.  641,  2  h. 

Spandatj  [span'-dow],  town,  Prussia,  XV.  227. 
Spangenberg,  August  Gottlieb  [spang'-en- 
bairg],  Moravian  bishop,  XV.  227. 
Spangenberg,  Friedrich,  German  painter,  XV. 
227. 

“  Spangled  beauf  plant,  IX.  157,  1  c. 
Spangles:  see  Wire,  XVI.  677,  2  ho. 
Spanheim,  Ezechiel  [span'-hime],  Swiss  author, 
XV.  227. 

Spaniel,  dog,  XV.  228  (ill.).  English  breed, 

1  b.  Water  spaniel,  ib.  Alpine,  or  St.  Ber¬ 
nard,  ib.  Newfoundland  dog,  1  c.  Spring¬ 
er,  ib.  King  Charles  spaniel,  ib.  Cocker, 

2  a.  Maltese  dog,  ib. 

Spanish  American  colonies,  independence  of, 
recognized,  I.  101,  2  c. 

Spanish  blaclc ,  X.  132,  1  he ;  V.  356,  2  a. 
Spanish  broom. ,  plant,  III.  329,  1  b. 

Spanish  brown,  paint,  XII.  574,  1  be. 

Spanish  Fly  :  see  Cantharides,  and  II.  477, 2  b. 
Spanish  juice  (liquorice),  X.  519,  1  c. 

SpANisn  Main  (geography),  XV.  228. 

Spanish  reds,  wines,  XV.  225,  1  be. 

Spanish  succession,  war  of  the ,  XV.  212,  2  c; 
IV.  297,  2  b;  X.  659,  1  b;  XIII.  413,  2  a; 
VI.  772,  1  he;  VIII.  616,  1  c;  XI.  177,  2  c. 
Spanish  Town ,  Jamaica,  referred  to,  X.  10, 1  be. 
Spanish  white  (whiting),  IV.  232,  1  b. 

Spanker,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  a.  Spanker 
mast,  858,  1  b. 


SPANNER 


SPECTRUM 


707 


Spanner ,  worm,  IAL  106,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Span  Worm:  see  Canker  Worm,  and  Cater¬ 
pillar. 

Spar:  see  Baryta,  Calcareous  Spar,  Feld¬ 
spar,  and  Fluor  Spar. 

Spar ,  red-lead  (chromium),  IV.  554,  2  be. 

Sparidoe  (ichthyology),  III.  240,  1  c. 

Sparks,  Jared,  American  historian,  XV.  228; 
XVI.  194,  2  c. 

Sparling ,  fish,  XV.  112,  2  a. 

Sparrenburg ,  castle  of. \  II.  628,  1  b. 

Sparring :  see  Pugilism,  XIV.  76,  1  a. 

Sparrow,  bird,  XV.  229.  American  species: 
white- crowned,  1  b  (ill.) ;  chipping  (chip 
bird),  2  ab ;  song  sparrow,  2  c.  Old  world 
sparrows:  domestic,  230,  1  be  (ill.);  intro¬ 
duction  of  into  the  United  States,  1  c.  See 
Finch,  VII.  191,  2  b. 

Sparrow  Hawk,  XV.  230.  American,  2  ab 
(ill.).  European,  2  c.  Of  another  genus, 
231,  1  a. 

Spars ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  864,  1  ab. 

Sparta,  city  of  ancient  Greece,  XV.  231 :  see 
Laconia.  Situation  and  description,  1  a,  ff. 
Traditional  and  mythical  era,  1  c;  earliest 
historical,  2  ab.  Lycurgan  legislation,  2  b. 
Division  of  land,  2  be.  Government,  2  c. 
Ephors,  232,  1  a.  Discipline  and  education, 
ib.  Career  of  conquest,  1  b.  Rivalry  with 
Athens,  2  a.  Peloponnesian  war,  ib. ;  peace 
of  Antalcidas,  2  b ;  battle  of  Leuctra,  ib. 
(See  Index.)  Relation  to  Philip  of  Macedon, 
2  be.  Attempted  restoration  of  the  Lycur¬ 
gan  institutions,  2  c.  Comes  under  Roman 
dominion,  233,  1  a. — Military  organization 
and  troops,  I.  739,  2  a-740,  1  a.  See 
Athens,  and  Greece. 

Sparta ,  county  seats,  II.  629,  1  c ;  V.  220, 
2  be;  VIII.  434,  l  b;  XI.  761,  1  a;  XVI. 
602,  2  b. 

Spartacus,  Roman  gladiator  and  insurgent 
leader,  XV.  233. 

Spartanburg,  county,  XV.  233. 

Spartanburg  C.  AT.,  county  seat,  XV.  233,  2  a. 

Spartium  scoparium  (botany),  III.  329,  1  a 
(ill.).  S.  junceum,  1  b. 

Spartivento,  Cape :  see  Cape  Spartivento. 

Sparus  (ichthyology),  V.  240,  2  c. 

Spas  [spaz],  the  waters  of,  XI.  592,  1  c. 

Spasm,  or  cramp,  I.  571,  2  c.  Causes  of,  572, 
1  ab.  Treatment,  1  b.  Complication,  2  ab. 
— Spasm  of  the  glottis,  V.  518,  2  c. 

Spat,  of  the  oyster,  VII.  217,  2  b ;  XII.  772, 1  b. 

Spathe  [spai£V],  of  a  plant,  XIII.  584,  2  c. 


Spathic  ore  (iron),  IX.  409,  1  a. 

Spatterdock,  plant,  XVI.  502,  2  c. 

Spatularia  (ichthyology),  XV.  432,  1  c. 

Spaulding,  Levi,  American  missionary,  XV. 
233. 

Spavin,  disease  of  the  horse,  XVI.  333,  1  c. 

Spawn ,  of  fish  or  frogs,  VI.  450,  2  a.  Of  mush¬ 
rooms,  XII.  70,  2  b. 

Spaying,  IV.  88,  1  c  (Castration). 

Spe'a,  Egyptian  structures,  I.  653,  2  c. 

Speaker,  presiding  officer  of  a  legislative  body, 
XV.  233. 

Spear  Bearer,  statue  by  Polycletus,  XIII.  686, 1  a. 

Spearmint,  XI.  614,  2  c,  615,  1  a  (ill.). 

Speautre  [spotr’],  (spelter),  XVI.  819,  2  a. 

“  Specie  circular ,”  the,  of  the  secretary  of  the 
U.  S.  treasury,  VII.  20,  1  a. 

Species,  XV.  233.  In  scientific  technology, 
2  c.  Genus,  family,  order,  &c.,  234,  1  a. 
Variety,  1  ab.  Characteristics,  1  b,  ff.  Sup¬ 
posed  physiological  fixedness  and  creation 
of  species,  235,  1  a.  Progress  of  opinion  on 
the  origin  of  species,  1  ab,  ff.  Linnaeus,  1  b  ; 
Cuvier,  1  c;  his  followers,  2  ab;  Lamarck, 
2  b;  his  definition  of  species,  2  c;  results, 
236,/ 1  ab,  ff*.  Darwin’s  service  to  science, 
2  a.  What  is  wanting  to  his  theory,  2  ab. 
— See  Genus  ;  Plant,  XIII.  592,  2  ab,  593, 
2  a ;  VIII.  371,  2  a,  372,  2  c ;  739,  1  ab,  be. 
Duration  of  fossil  species,  XII.  810, 1  a,  2  a. 

Specific  Gravity  :  see  Gravity,  Specific.  Dis¬ 
covery  of  the  principle,  I.  652,  1  a.  Of 
liquids,  how  determined,  IX.  124,  1  be ;  of 
solids,  1  c. 

Specif  cum  pur gans  Paracelsi,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 

Specie  boom  [spek  borne],  favorite  food  of  the 
African  elephant,  VI.  521,  1  c. 

Spectacles,  XV.  236.  For  aiding  sight  by 
correction  of  optical  defects,  1  c ;  of  muscu¬ 
lar  inefficiency,  237,  2  ab.  Forms  of  lenses, 
238,  1  c;  material,  ib.  Test  of  quality,  2  a. 
Frames,  ib.  Spectacles  for  far  and  near 
vision,  2  be ;  for  protection  from  excess  of 
light,  &c.,  2  c.  Earliest  known  use  of  spec¬ 
tacles,  1  a.  When  invented,  ib. 

Spectacle  snake,  IV.  771,  1  c. 

Spectre  candles,  fossil  remains,  II.  485,  1  be. 

Spectre  of  the  Brocken,  I.  352,  2  c. 

Spectrom' eter,  XV.  240,  2  b  (ill.). 

Spectroscope ,  XV.  239,  2  b.  Fraunhofer’s,  ib. 
(ill.) ;  Kirchhoff’s,  240,  1  b  (ill.). 

Spectroscopic  analysis,  of  the  sun,  &c.,  II.  46,  2‘c. 

Spectrum,  XV.  238.  Prismatic  spectrum,  2  c, 
239, 1  c;  X.  440, 1  a  (solar,  ill.).  Formation 


708 


SPECTRUM 


SPHENISCUS 


of  spectra,  XV.  239,  1  be.  Spectroscopes, 

2  ab,  240,  1  a  (ills.).  Fraunhofer’s  solar 
spectrum,  239, 2  b  (ill.).  Diffraction  or  inter¬ 
ference  spectra,  240,  1  c.  Measurement  of 
wave  lengths,  ib.  (ills.)  ;  248,  1  ab.  Ruther- 
furd’s  ruling  engine,  243,  1  a  (ill.).  Actions 
•  of  the  spectral  rajs,  244,  2  c  (ill.).  Heat 
actions  of  the  spectrum,  245,  1  c ;  chemical, 

246,  2  c.  Photographs  of  the  spectral  lines, 

247,  2  c.  Fluorescent  action  on  the  spectral 
rays,  248,  2  ab  (ills.). — See  Young,  Charles 
Augustus. — Secondary  spectrum  in  the  tele¬ 
scope,  628,  1  a. 

Spectrum  Analysis,  XV.  250  (ills.).  Applied 
to  the  stars,  253,  1  a;  to  nebulse,  254,  1  b 
(ill.);  to  comets,  1  c;  to  the  planets,  2  be. 
Specula,  plane  mirrors,  XII.  654,  1  c. 

Specular  ore  (iron),  IX.  406,  2  c ;  407,  1  c. 
Specular  schist ,  IX.  407,  2  be. 

Speculum,  concave  metallic  mirror,  XV.  254. 
Material,  2  c.  Mould  for  casting,  255,  1  be. 
Production  of  the  parabolic  figure,  2  be. 
Polishing,  256,  1  a.  Peculiarities  in  form 
and  application  to  use,  1  c.  Silver  specula, 
2  b ;  bronze,  III.  314,  2  b. 

Speculum  Diance :  see  Nemi. 

SpedalsJced ,  Norway  leprosy,  VI.  523,  1  ab. 
Speicher  island  [spi'-cher],  Dantzic,  V.  678,  2  be. 
Speiss  [spice],  mineral  deposit,  XII.  432,  1  b. 
Speke,  John  Hanning,  English  traveller,  XV. 

257;  I.  167,  1  a,  b. 

Speler'pes  (zoology),  XIV.  558,  1  be. 

Spelling ,  historical  instead  of  phonetic,  I.  348, 
1  c. 

Spelman,  Sir  Henry,  English  antiquary,  XV. 

257. 

Spelt,  kind  of  wheat,  XVI.  587,  2  c  (ill.). 
Spelter:  see  Zinc,  XVI.  816,  1  c.  Origin  of 
the  word,  819,  2  a. 

Spence,  Joseph,  English  author,  XV.  257. 
Spence,  William,  entomologist,  XV.  257. 
Spencer,  two  counties,  XV.  257. 

Spencer,  county  seats,  XII.  749,  1  a;  XIV.  354, 
1  b ;  XVI.  253,  2  a. 

Spencer,  Ambrose,  American  jurist,  XV.  257. 

John  Canfield,  jurist,  258,  1  a. 

Spencer,  George  (Father  Ignatius  of  St.  Paul), 
English  clergyman,  XV.  258. 

Spencer,  George  John,  second  Earl  Spencer, 
English  bibliophile,  XV.  258.  John  Charles, 
third  Earl  Spencer,  statesman,  1  b. 

Spencer,  Herbert,  English  philosopher,  XV. 

258.  Theories  of  evolution,  VII.  10,  2  be; 
12,  1  c;  13,  1  a;  14,  2  a,  if.  See  Moral 


Philosophy,  XI.  814,  2  b  ;  Philosophy, 
XIII.  446,  1  c.  On  political  economy,  XIII. 
670,  2  b ;  674,  1  c. 

Spencer,  Ichabod  Smith,  American  clergyman, 
XV.  259. 

Spencer,  Jesse  Ames,  clergyman,  XV.  259. 

Spencer,  Lady  Diana,  II.  424,  1  b. 

Spener,  Philipp  Jakob  [spa'-ner],  German  the¬ 
ologian,  XV.  260. 

Spenser,  Edmund,  English  poet,  XV.  260; 
VI.  633,  2  be. 

Speos:  see  Pyramid,  XIV.  104,  2  b. 

Speot'yto  (ornithology),  XII.  755,  1  c.  S.  cu- 
nicularia  and  hypogsea,  2  a. 

Speranski,  Mikhail  [speh-ran'-ske],  Russian 
statesman,  XV.  261. 

Sper' gula  pilif' era  (botany),  X.  222,  1  a. 

Sperm,  mineral,  so  called,  XIII.  371,  1  c. 

Spermaceti,  a  fatty  matter,  XV.  261 ;  XVI.  581, 

1  b  ;  III.  698,  2  b.  Spermaceti  candles,  2  be. 

Spermatia,  of  fungi,  VII.  533,  1  b  ;  of  lichens, 
X.  410,  1  a. 

Spermatozoa ,  discovery  of,  X.  314,  1  a.  With¬ 
in  the  ovum,  II.  343,  1  a. 

Spermogonia ,  of  lichens,  X.  410,  1  a. 

Spermophile  :  see  Prairie  Squirrel. 

Spermoph'ilus  (zoology),  XIII.  803.  S.  Bee- 
cheyi,  2  c ;  tredecim-lineatus,  804,  1  a  (ill.). 

Sperm  Whale  :  see  Whale,  XVI.  581, 1  a  (ills.). 

Spetzia:  see  Spezzia. 

Speusippus,  Greek  philosopher,  XV.  261. 

Speyer,  or  Speyr  [spi'-er,  spire] :  see  Spire. 

Spezia,  La  [laspa'-dze-a],  town  of  Italy,  XV.  261. 

Spezzia  [spet'-se-a],  island  of  Greece,  XV.  262. 
Town,  1  ab. 

Sphacelus  [sfas'-e  lus] :  see  Gangrene,  VII. 
612,  1  a. 

Sphacte'riu,  island  of  Greece,  XII.  178,  2  ab. 

Sphcerice  (botany),  VII.  532,  1  b.  Sphseria 
morbosa,  531,  2  be. 

Sphceriodac' tylus  (zoology),  VII.  657,  1  a. 

Sphwrob' olus  stella'tus  (botany),  VII.  533,  2  b. 

Sphcerosi' derite,  ore  of  iron,  IX.  409,  1  a. 

Sphagia :  see  Sphacteria  (Index). 

Sphagnum:  see  Mosses,  XI.  865,  2  be.  S. 
acutifolium  (ill.).  S.  palustre,  II.  778,  2  a. 

Sphaidiote  mountains,  III.  695,  2  c.  Sphakiot# 
mountaineers,  696,  2  b. 

Sphal'erite ,  zinc  ore, II.  708, 2  be;  XVI. 820, 1  b 

Spliargis  (zoology),  XVI.  79,  2  c.  S.  coriacea, 
81,  1  c  (ill.). 

Sphecoth' eres  (ornithology),  XII.  694,  2  a. 

Spheniscus  (ornithology),  XIII.  249,  2  a.  S. 
demersus,  2  be. 


SPHENOGRAMS 


SPIRA 


709 


Sphen'ograms  :  see  Cuneiform  Inscriptions, 
Y.  570,  2  c.  Splienography,  ib. 

Sphere,  in  geometry,  XV.  262 ;  VII.  701, 

1  ab.  In  geography,  XV.  262,  1  c :  see 
Globe.  In  astronomy,  ib. 

Spheres ,  harmony  of  the ,  XIV.  120,  2  ab  (Py¬ 
thagoras). 

Spherical  aberration ,  in  optical  instruments,  I. 
24,  2  a  (ill.) ;  XII.  656,  2  a  (ills.),  659,  2  be ; 
XV.  624,  1  ab,  626,  2  a. 

Spherothe'ca  panno'sa  (botany),  XI.  535,  1  a. 
SpniNX,  in  Greek  mythology,  XV.  262.  Rid¬ 
dle  of  the,  2  ab :  see  CEdipus.  In  Egypt, 

2  ab  (ill.). 

Sphinx,  baboon,  XV.  263. 

Sphinx  (entomology),  VIII.  532,  1  c.  S.  Car¬ 
olina,  XV.  781,  1  c.  S.  quinquemaculatus, 
ib. ;  VIII.  533,  1  b,  2  a  (ills.,  1  a,  532,  2  b) ; 
IV.  106,  2  b.  Fertilization  of  plants  by,  XII. 
672,  2  b  (ills.). 

Spnmx  Caterpillar  :  see  Hawk  Moth. 
Sphodrias ,  Spartan  general,  I.  186,  2  b. 
Sphygmogeaph  :  see  Pulse,  XIV.  80,  1  c  (ills.) ; 

Electricity,  VI.  489,  2  a. 

Sphyra  (ichthyology),  XIV.  830,  1  b.  S.  mal¬ 
leus,  ib. 

Spice  Islands  :  see  Moluccas. 

Spicewood  :  see  Feyer  Bush. 

Spichern ,  heights  of  [spe'-chern]  :•  see  Forbach. 
Spider,  insect,  XV.  263.  Anatomical  descrip¬ 
tion,  1  c.  Classification  of  spiders,  264,  1  c. 
Distribution  and  habits,  2  ab.  American 
species,  265,  1  b.  Wolf  spiders,  2  a  (ill.); 
jumping,  2  be  (ill.).  Long-legged  spider, 
266, 1  a ;  house,  1  b  (ill.).  Epe'ira,  1  be  (ill.). 
“Father  long-legs,”  1  c.  See  Arachnida, 
Cobweb,  and  Silk  Spider. 

Spider  Crab,  XV.  266  (ill.). 

Spider  Monkey  :  see  Monkey,  XI.  751,  la  (ill.). 
Spiegel,  Friedrich  [spe'-ghel],  German  orien¬ 
talist,  XV.  267.  * 

Spiegeleisen  [spe'-ghel-i-zen],  specular  iron,  IX. 
367,  2  a;  368,  1  b. 

Spielberg ,  castle  of  [speel'-bairg],  III.  359,  2  a. 
Spielhagen,  Friedrich  [speel'-ha-ghen],  Ger¬ 
man  novelist,  XV.  267. 

Spiess,  Heinrich  [speece],  painter,  XV.  267. 
Spigel  [spe'-ghel] :  see  Spigelius  (Index). 
Spigelia  Marilandica  (botany),  XIII.  532,  2  c 

(m.). 

Spigelius  [spi-ghe'-le-us],  (Adrian  van  den  Spi¬ 
gel  or  Spiegbel,  1578-1625,  Flemish  botanist 
and  anatomist,  professor  at  Padua),  referred 
to,  XIII.  532,  2  c.  Lobe  of,  X.  536,  2  c. 


Spike  :  see  Nail. 

Spike ,  of  plants,  XIII.  584,  2  ab. 

Spike ,  X.  215,  2  c  (Lavender).  Oil  of  spike,  ib. 
Spike'nard,  plant,  XV.  267. 

Spilocce’a  fructigena  [fruk-tij'-e-na],  (botany), 
VII.  533,  1  a. 

Spina ,  in  the  Roman  circus,  IV.  611,  1  c. 
SpiNAcn  [spin'-ich],  plant,  XV.  267  (ill.,  268). 
Spina'cia  olera'cea  (botany),  XV.  267,  2  c. 
Spinacidce  [spi-nas'-e-de],  (ichthyology),  XIV. 
828,  1  b. 

Spinal  column ,  XV.  77,  1  be;  XVI.  325,  1  b. 
See  Spinal  Diseases. 

Spinal  Cord:  see  Nervous  System,  XII.  235, 
1  c  (ill.).  Functions  of,  237,  2  a.  Reflex 
action  of,  238,  1  a.  Inflammation  of,  XV. 
269,  2  c.  Induration  or  sclerosis  of,  270, 

1  ab ;  271,  1  a. 

Spinal  Diseases,  XV.  268.  Spinal  meningitis, 

2  c.  Epidemic  cerebro-spinal  meningitis, 
269,  1  be.  Myelitis,  2  c.  Spinal  apoplexy, 
270, 1  b.  Progressive  locomotor  ataxia,  1  c. 
See  Brain,  Diseases  of  the. 

Spinal  marrow ,  proportion  of  to  brain,  XII. 
235,  2  b. 

Spindle  tree ,  XVI.  517,  2  c. 

Spindler,  Karl,  German  novelist,  XV.  271. 
Spine  :  see  Skeleton,  and  Spinal  Diseases. 

Scrofulous  caries  of  the,  XV.  268,  1  b. 

Spine,  in  plants,  XIII.  577,  1  c. 

Spine-belly ,  fish,  XIV.  739,  1  c. 

Spi'nel,  mineral,  XV.  271.  “Spinel  type,”  in 
mineralogy,  XI.  587,  2  be. 

Spin'et,  musical  instrument,  XIII.  48$,  1  b. 

Dumb  spinet :  see  Clavichord. 

Spin' if  ex,  grass,  II.  129,  1  b. 

Spink,  county,  XV.  271. 

Spinner ,  moth,  XI.  867,  2  c. 

Spinneret,  of  the  spider,  XV.  264,  1  b. 
Spinning  :  see  Cotton  Manufacture,  Linen, 
Rope,  and  Wool,  Manufactures  of. 

Spinning  for  fish,  I.  498,  1  c. 

Spinning  jenny,  V.  411,  2  a. 

Spinola,  Ambrosio  de,  marquis  [spe-no'-la], 
Spanish  soldier,  XV.  272. 

Spinoza,  Baruch  or  Benedict,  Dutch  philoso¬ 
pher,  XV.  272 ;  X.  323,  1  b,  324,  2  a.  Com¬ 
pared  with  Plotinus,  XIII.  615,  1  a.  On 
miracles,  XI.  625, 1  c.  See  Moral  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XI.  811,  2  c;  Philosophy,  XIII.  431, 
2  b,  441,  1  b. 

Spin' tharus,  architect  of  the  Delphic  temple, 
V.  784,  2  b. 

Spira:  see  Spire,  XV.  275,  1  c. 


710 


SPIRAEA 


SPOOTIN1 


Spirze'a,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  274.  S.  salici- 
folia,  1  e  (ill.) ;  Douglasii,  2  a ;  tomentosa, 
ib. ;  opulifolia,  2  b ;  prunifolia,  Reevesiana, 
lanceolata,  Portnnei  or  callosa,  ariasfolia, 
and  Thunbergii,  2  c ;  grandiflora  and  lobata, 
275,  1  a ;  aruncus  and  filipendula  (ill.),  1  b ; 
Japonica,  so  called,  ib. 

Spiracle ,  of  the  whale,  XVI.  579,  2  b. 

Spiral  spring ,  of  watches,  invention  of,  IX. 
98,  1  a. 

Spiral  Vessels  :  see  Air  Vessels. 

Spire,  or  Spires,  town  of  Bavaria,  XV.  275. 
Bishopric,  2  a.  Diets  of,  XIV.  245,  2  b, 
246,  la;  II.  108,  1  b. 

Spire,  of  Gothic  architecture,  I.  663,  2  b. 
Spirifer ,  fossil  shell,  III.  177,  2  c. 

Spirit:  see  Whiskey,  XVI.  597,  2  b.  Co¬ 
logne  spirit,  ib. 

Spiritist ,  XV.  275,  2  b.  Spiritism,  2  be. 

Spirit  Lake ,  county  seat,  VI.  90,  2  a. 

Spirit  of  the  Gape ,  seen  (in  fancy)  by  V asco 
da  Gama,  and  sung  by  Camoens,  VII.  604,  2  b. 
Spirit-rapping ,  XV.  276,  1  c. 

Spirit  of  Salt  :  see  Hydrochloric  Acid,  IX. 
108,  2  b. 

Spirits ,  ardent ,  adulteration  of,  I.  133,  2  b. 
Spirits  of  amber,  I.  382,  1  c. 

Spirits  of  hartshorn ,  I.  427,  2  b. 

Spiritual  coadjutors ,  Jesuit,  IX.  627,  1  c. 

“  Spiritual  Exercises ,”  Loyola’s,  IX.  627,  1  a, 
628,  2  a;  X.  697,  1  ab. 

Spiritualism,  XV.  275  ;  VIII.  478, 1  c  (Harris, 
Thomas  Lake).  Manifestations,  777,  1  be 
(Home,  Daniel  Dunglas). 

Spiritus ,  or  flatus :  see  Gas,  VII.  632,  2  b. 
Spiritus  asper,  in  Greek,  VIII.  209,  2  a. 
Spiritus  chloroformi :  see  Chloric  Ether. 
Spiritus  lenis,  in  Greek,  VIII.  209,  1  c. 
Spirting ,  young  herring,  VIII.  697,  1  ab ;  XV. 
112,  2  a. 

Spirogyra  [spe-roj'-e-ra],  (botany),  I.  300,  2  a. 
Spirol:  see  Carbolic  Acid,  III.  768,  1  ab. 
Spithead,  roadstead  of,  XIII.  736,  1  b ;  XVI. 
618,  2  c. 

Spits,  of  sandy  beach,  I.  339,  1  b. 

Spitzbergen,  group  of  Arctic  islands,  XV.  278. 
Climate  and  vegetation,  279,  1  c.  Animals, 
ib.  Minerals,  ib.  Sovereignty  of,  2  a.  His¬ 
tory,  ib. 

Spitz  Dog,  XV.  279  (ill.). 

Spitzkasten ,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  423,  2  a. 
Spitzlutten,  in  metallurgy,  XI.  423,  2  a. 

Spix  (Johann  Baptist  von,  1781-1826,  of  Mu¬ 
nich,  author  of  works  on  zoology,  and  on 


Brazil  and  its  natural  history),  his  expedi¬ 
tion  to  Brazil  referred  to,  XI.  213,  2  ab. 
His  anatomical  theory,  XIII.  423,  1  c. 

Spiza  [shpe'-za],  variety  of  salt,  XIV.  573,  2  b. 
Spi'za  (ornithology),  VII.  192,  2  c.  S.  ciris, 
ib. ;  amcena,  193,  1  b;  cyanea,  1  c. 

Spizaetus  (ornithology),  VI.  350,  1  a.  S.  or- 
natus,  ib. 

Spizella  (ornithology),  XV.  229,  2  ab.  S.  so- 
cialis,  ib. 

Splanchnoskeleton  (anatomy),  XIII.  424,  1  a. 
Spleen  (anatomy),  XV.  280  (ill.).  Splenic 
artery,  1  c ;  plexus,  ib. ;  corpuscles,  2  a. 
Splints,  disease  of  horses,  XVI.  333,  2  b. 
Splints,  in  basket  making,  II.  366,  1  b. 

Split,  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  be.  Splits,  2  b. 
Splugen  pass  [splii'-ghen],  Alps,  road  over,  I. 
354,  2  b. 

Spodos,  furnace  calamine,  XVI.  818,  2  c. 
Spoffoed,  Harriet  Elizabeth,  American  au¬ 
thoress,  XV.  280. 

Spohr,  Ludwig  [spore],  German  composer,  XV. 
280. 

Spokane  river,  IX.  166,  2  c. 

Spolatum:  see  Spalato. 

Spoletium :  see  Spoleto. 

Spoleto  [spo-la'-to],  city  of  Italy,  XV.  281. 
Spoliations,  French,  indemnity  for,  I.  104,  2  c. 
Sponge  [spunj],  XV.  281.  Formation  of,  1  c 
(ill.).  Varieties  of  texture  and  form,  2  be. 
Propagation,  2  c.  Sponge  attached  to  rock 
(ill.),  282.  Sponges  of  commerce,  1  c. 
Bleaching,  2  a.  Fossil,  2  ab.  See  Haeckel, 
VIII.  372,  2  ab,  c ;  Scolithus,  XIV.  696,  1  a. 
Sponge,  throwing  up  the,  in  the  prize  ring,  XIV. 
74,  1  b. 

Spongia,  XV.  282,  1  be  (Sponge). 

Spongida,  XV.  281,  1  be  (Sponge). 

Spongilla,  XV.  281,  2  c  (ill.). 

Spongioles  [spon'-je-oles],  of  plant  roots,  XIII. 
580,  1  a. 

Sponsalia,  Roman  betrothals,  II.  597,  2  b. 
Sponsors,  in  baptism,  II.  290,  2  c. 
Spontaneous  Combustion  :  see  Combustion, 
Spontaneous. 

Spontaneous  Generation,  XV.  282.  Cases 
regarded  as  such  by  Greek  naturalists,  2  be ; 
refutation  of,  283,  1  a.  Infusoria,  1  be,  2  c. 
Internal  parasites,  2  ab.  Evolution,  284, 
2  a.  Later  researches  on  infusoria,  2  be. 
See  Bacterium,  Pasteur,  and  Embryology, 
VI.  560,  2  a-c. 

Spontini,  Gasparo  Luigi  Pacifico  [spon-te'-ne], 
Italian  composer,  XV.  285 ;  XII.  92,  1  c. 


SPOONBILL 


SQUIKREL 


711 


Spoonbill,  wading  bird,  XV.  285  (ill.).  Ro¬ 
seate,  2  ah  ;  European,  28G,  1  a  (ill.,  285). 
Spoonwood ,  IX.  737,  2  a. 

Sporades  [spo'-ra-deez],  Grecian  islands,  XV. 
286  ;  V.  604,  2  b. 

Sporangia ,  of  ferns, VII.  149,  2  c ;  of  licliens, 
X.  409,  1  c. 

Sporendone' ma  mus'cce  (botany),  VII.  528,  2  b. 
Spores ,  of  ferns,  VII.  149,  2  c;  of  fungi,  529, 

1  ab ;  of  lichens,  X.  409  1  c  (ills.). 

Sporus ,  nickname,  VIII.  703,  2  a. 

Spot ,  or  spot  ball ,  in  billiards,  II.  642,  1  be. 

“  Spot  resolutions ,”  the ,  X.  490,  2  b. 
Spotswood,  John,  Scottish  prelate,  XV.  286. 
Spotted  cowbane ,  plant,  IV.  577,  2  a. 

Spotted  Fever  :  see  Fevers,  VII.  168,  2  c. 
Spottsylvania,  county,  XV.  286. 
Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Battles  at :  see 
Wilderness,  XVI.  621,  2  c. 

Sprague,  Charles,  American  poet,  XV.  286. 
Sprague,  William  Buell,  clergyman,  XV.  286. 
(Hied  1876.) 

Sprat,  fish,  XV.  287.  English,  1  b.  Sardines, 
1  be.  Lantern  sprats,  V.  533,  2  b. 

Sprat,  Thomas,  English  prelate,  XV.  287. 

“  Spread  eagle"  in  stock  dealing,  XV.  388,  2  b. 
Sprengel,  Kurt  [spreng'-el],  German  physician, 
XV.  287. 

Sprenger,  Aloys,  orientalist,  XV.  287. 

Spring,  season  of  the  year,  XV.  287. 

Spring,  Samuel,  American  clergyman,  XV. 

287.  Gardiner,  clergyman,  2  c. 

Spring  beauty ,  plant,  XIV.  96,  1  ab. 

Spring  beetle ,  VII.  213,  1  b.  Lightning  spring 
beetle,  1  be.  Larvae  of,  XVI.  678,  1  c. 
Springbok,  antelope,  XV.  288  (ill.). 

Springer ,  spaniel,  XV.  228,  1  c. 

Springfield,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XV.  288. 

United  States  armory,  2  ab. 

Springfield,  city  of  Ohio,  XV.  289.  Spring- 
field  seminary,  2  b.  Wittenberg  college,  ib. 
Springfield,  capital  of  Illinois,  XV.  289. 
State  capitol,  290,  1  b  (ill.,  289).  Lincoln 
monument,  1  be  (ill.). 

Springfield,  town  of  Missouri,  XV.  290. 
Springfield,  county  seats,  VI.  448,  2  c  ;  X.  482, 
1  a ;  545,  1  a ;  XIV.  356,  2  c ;  XVI.  475, 1  a. 
Springfield  presbytery,  IV.  545,  1  c. 

Spring  gun ,  lawful  use  of,  VIII.  783,  1  c. 
Spring  herring,  fish  so  called,  I.  275,  1  c. 
Spring  Place,  county  seat,  XII.  61,  2  ab. 
Springs,  mineral:  see  Mineral  Springs. 
Sprinhling,  as  a  form  of  Christian  baptism,  II. 
290,  2  a,  b. 


Spritsail,  referred  to,  XIV.  857,  1  c. 

Spruce,  name  for  coniferous  trees,  XV.  290. 
Black,  or  double,  2  c  (ill.).  White,  or  single, 

291,  1  b.  Menzies’s,  1  c!  Engelmann’s,  2  a. 
Patton’s,  2  c.  Norway,  ib.  (ill.).  Himalayan, 

292,  1  be. 

Spruce  partridge ,  VIII.  270,  2  c. 

Spurge,  plant,  XIV.  96,  1  ab. 

Spurgeon,  Charles  Haddon,  English  preacher, 
XV.  292.  Spurgeon’s  tabernacle,  X.  598,  2  b. 
Spurges,  family  of  plants,  VI.  777,  1  a. 

Spurred  rye,  VI.  708,  1  c  (ill.) ;  XIV.  504,  2  a. 
Spuezheim,  Johann  Gaspar  [spoorts'-liime], 
German  phrenologist,  XV.  292. 

Sputa,  morbid  expectorations,  III.  310,  1  be. 
Spuyten  Duyvel  [spi'-ten  di'-vel],  village  in 
New  York  city,  XII.  374,  1  b.  Creek,  ib., 
373,  2  be ;  VI.  380,  2  a. 

Spy,  in  war,  XV.  292. 

Spy  glass ,  XV.  622,  2  b  (Telescope). 

Squali,  division  of  sharks,  XIV.  827,  1  b. 
Squalus  borealis  (ichthyology),  VIII.  233,  2  c. 
Squama'ta,  referred  to,  II.  723,  2  ab  (Blind- 
worm). 

Square,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  1  a. 

Square,  in  mathematics,  XIV.  423,  1  a. 
Squash,  plant,  XV.  293.  Summer  squashes, 

1  c  (ills.,  crook-neck  and  scalloped).  Late 
varieties,  2  b  (ill.,  Hubbard). 

SQUAsn  Bug,  XV.  294  (ill.) ;  VIII.  629,  2  ab. 
Squati’na  an'gelus  (ichthyology),  I.  493,  1  a 
(ill.).  S.  Humerili,  2  a. 

Squeteague:  see  Weak  Fish. 

Squid,  mollusk,  XV.  294.  Common  squid  of 
New  England,  2  a ;  of  Great  Britain,  2  ab 
(ill.).  Gigantic  squids,  2  be. 

Squier,  Ephraim  George  [skwire],  American 
archaeologist,  XV.  295. 

Squill,  drug  and  plant,  XV.  295  (ill.). 

Squill,  crustacean,  XV.  296  (ill.)*  Sooth¬ 
sayer,  1  b. 

Squilla  (botany),  XV.  295,  2  a. 

Squilla  (zoology),  XV.  296,  1  a.  S.  mantis, 

2  a  (ill.). 

Squinting,  optical  deformity,  XV.  296. 

Squire :  see  Esquire. 

Squirrel,  XV.  297.  Fox  squirrel,  2  a,  b,  c. 
Gray  variety,  2  ab.  Black,  2  ab,  c.  Cat 
squirrel,  2  b.  Common  gray,  2  c  (ill.,  298)„ 
California  gray,  298,  1  b.  Eed  or  Hudson 
bay,  1  c.  Common  European,  ib.  (ill.). 
Malabar,  2  b. — Ground,  striped,  or  cheep¬ 
ing  squirrel :  see  Chipmunk.  Siberian  squir¬ 
rel,  fur  of,  VII.  539,  1  a. 


712 


SQUIRREL 


STANDARDS 


Squirrel,  Flying:  see  Flying  Squirrel,  and 
XIII.  379,  2  b. 

Squirrel  Corn  :  see  Dicentra,  VI.  87,  1  a. 
Squirrel  hake,  fish,  VIII.  385,  2  c. 

Squitch ,  grass,  V.  420,  2  b. 

Sramana  [sra-ma'-na],  in  Buddhism,  III.  394, 

1  b.  Sramanas  (sense-tamers),  400,  2  a. 

St.,  prefix  :  see  Saint,  Saint. 

Staal,  Marguerite  Jeanne  Cordier  de  Launay 
de,  baroness  [dull  stal],  French  writer,  XV. 
298. 

Stabat  Mater  [sta'-bat  ma'-ter],  hymn,  author 
of,  VII.  427,  1  a.  Composers  of  music  for, 
II.  40,  2  c ;  769,  2  ab ;  XIII.  9,  2  ab  ;  291, 

2  b  (also  Haydn,  Rossini,  and  many  others). 
Stabice ,  city  of  ancient  Italy,  IV.  68,  2  c. 
Stables  of  Solomon,  so  called,  IX.  615,  2  a. 
Stade  [sta'-deh],  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  298. 

Elbe  dues,  299,  1  a. 

Stadium,  ancient  arena  and  measure,  XV.  299. 
Stadtholder,  Dutch  official  title,  XV.  299. 
Stael-Holstein,  Anne  Louise  Germaine  X ecker 
de,  baroness  [duh  sta-el  ul-stang],  French  au¬ 
thoress,  XV.  299.  Characterization,  300, 1  c. 
Staempfli,  Jakob  [stemp'-fle],  Swiss  states¬ 
man,  XV.  300. 

Staff,  in  music,  XII.  77,  1  a,  2  b. 

Staffa,  island  of  Scotland,  XV.  300. 
Stafford,  two  counties,  XV.  301. 

Stafford,  town  of  England,  XV.  301. 
Stafford,  Henry,  duke  of  Buckingham:  see 
Buckingham,  Earls  and  Dukes  of,  III.  385, 
2  c.  Edward,  ib. 

Stafford,  William  Howard,  viscount,  XV. 
301.  Accused  by  Titus  Oates,  2  a.  Exe¬ 
cuted,  2  b. 

Stafford,  Miss :  see  Crebillon,  V.  469,  2  c. 
Stafford  C.  R.,  county  seat,  XV.  301,  1  b. 
Staffordshire,  county  of  England,  XV.  301. 
Staff  tree,  XVI.  517,  2  c. 

Stag,  red  deer  of  Europe,  XV.  301  (ill.,  302). 
Stag  or  hart,  302,  1  be.  Hind,  ib.  See 
Wapiti,  XVI.  447,  1  a. 

Stag  Beetle,  XV.  302  ;  IT.  477,  1  be  (ill.). 
European,  XV.  302,  1  c  (ill.).  Other  names, 
2  a.  Larvaa  of,  2  b.  Largest  New  England 
species  (horn  bug),  2  c ;  larvae,  ib. 
Stage-coach  travelling  (English),  in  the  17th 
and  18th  centuries,  IV.  723,  1  c. 

Stage  scenery,  movable,  inventor  of,  II.  608,  1  b. 
Staggered  tubes,  in  a  steam  boiler,  XV.  332,  1  c. 
Staggers,  disease  in  sheep,  VI.  666,  2  ab. 

Stag  Hound  :  see  Hound,  IX.  11,  2  b. 
Stagi'ra,  town  of  Macedonia,  XV.  302. 


Stagirite,  the  [staj'-e-rite],  I.  705,  2  c. 

Stagirus :  see  Stagira. 

Stagnelius,  E.  J.,  Swedish  poet,  XV.  515,  1  b. 
Stahl,  Friedrich  Julius  [stal],  German  jurist, 
XV.  303. 

Stahl,  Georg  Ernst,  chemist,  XV.  303.  See 
Chemistry,  IV.  360,  1  b,  2  a;  361,  2  ab,  b; 
362,  2  c;  363,  1  a,  b ;  Medicine,  XI.  351, 
1  ab.  His  theory  of  heat,  VIII.  567,  2  b ; 
of  inflammation,  IX.  274,  2  c. 

Stahr,  Adolf  Wilhelm  Theodor,  author,  XV. 

303.  (Died  1876.) 

“  Stained  drawings ,”  XVI.  500,  2  b. 

Stainer,  Jacob  [sti'-ner],  violin  maker,  XVI. 
365,  2  c. 

Stair,  Lord  :  see  Dalrymple. 

Stair,  master  of  (title  of  John  Dalrymple  dur¬ 
ing  his  father’s  life),  VIII.  31,  2  a  (twice). 
See  Dalrymple,  V.  647,  1  b. 

Staked  plain :  see  Llano  Estacado  (Index). 
Stakeholder,  XIII.  200,  1  b  (Payment). 

Stake  nets,  in  shad  fishing,  XIV.  807,  2  b. 
Stalac'tites  and  stalag'mites  (pendent  and  de¬ 
posited  concretions  formed  by  dripping  cal¬ 
careous  matter) :  see  Antiparos,  Mammoth 
Cave,  XI.  85,  2  c,  and  Wyandotte  Cave. 
Stale  {to  go  stale),  in  prize  ring,  XIV.  75,  2  a. 
Stalime'ne ,  Stalimni  :  see  Lemnos. 

Stambul  [stam-booF] :  see  Constantinople. 
Stamens,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  585,  1  ab,  c  (ills.) ; 
586,  2  be. 

Stamford,  town  of  Connecticut,  XV.  303. 
Stammering,  XV.  303.  Causes  of,  2  c.  Stut¬ 
tering,  304,  1  a ;  occasion  of  it,  ib.  Treat¬ 
ment,  1  be. 

Stamp  Acts,  XV.  304.  British  stamp  act  to 
tax  the  American  colonies,  XVI.  154,  2  b ; 
VII.  707, 2  a.  Opposition  to,  XVI.  154, 2  c,  ff.; 
XII.  731,  1  c ;  I.  85,  1  b ;  VIII.  662,  2  be ; 
X.  291,  1  be.  Referred  to,  XIV.  369,  1  a. 
Repeal  of,  XVI.  155, 1  ab. 

Stdmpfli :  see  Staempfli. 

Stamping,  in  gold  mining,  VIII.  84,  2  a.  Stamp 
mills,  ib. 

Stanchio  [stan'-ke-o] :  see  Cos. 

Standard :  see  Flag. 

Standard,  as  applied  to  coins,  V.  24,  2  ab.  For 
gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States,  ib. ;  in 
Great  Britain,  2  b. 

“  Standard  inscription ,”  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
II.  187,  1  a ;  189,  2  a. 

Standard  parallel,  in  U.  S.  surveys,  XV.  491, 2  a. 
Standards  of  weight  and  measure,  XVI.  537, 

I  2c;  English,  538,  2  b ;  American,  540,  1  c  ,* 


STANDERATII 


STARLING 


713 


French,  541,  1  a.  International  standard 
commission,  542,  1  c. 

Stdnderath  [sten'-dSh-rat],  Swiss  council,  XV. 
528,  1  a. 

Standisii,  Miles,  New  England  soldier,  XV. 
304.  Ilis  courtship  by  proxy:  see  Alden, 
John. 

Standish  hill ,  Duxbury,  Mass.,  YI.  335,  1  a. 

Stand  pipe,  of  gas  works,  VII.  636,  2  be ;  of 
water  works,  XYI.  510,  1  c. 

Stanfield,  Clarkson,  English  painter,  XY.  304. 

Stanford ,  county  seat,  X.  488,  1  a. 

Stanford,  John,  American  clergyman,  XV.  305. 

Stanhope,  James,  earl  [stan'-up],  British  states¬ 
man,  XY.  305.  Charles,  3d  earl,  2  a.  His 
process  of  stereotyping,  XIII.  850,  1  c ; 
printing  press,  851,  2  c  (ill.,  852).  Philip 
Henry,  5th  earl,  author,  XY.  305,  2  ab.  His 
humanity  to  Ivaspar  Hauser,  VIII.  515, 1  a. 

Stanhope,  Lady  Hester  Lucy,  XY.  305. 

Stanhope,  Philip  Dormer  :  see  Chesterfield. 

Stani  [sta'-ne],  a  nomadic  band,  I.  55,  1  be. 

Stan'islas  I.  Leszczynski  [lesh-chin'-ske],  king 
of  Poland,  XY.  306;  II.  116,  1  b. 

Stanislas  Augustus,  king  of  Poland  :  see  Po- 
niatowski,  and  Poland,  XIII.  647,  1  c. 
Referred  to,  VII.  681,  2  ab. 

Stanislaus,  county,  XY.  306. 

Stanko  :  see  Cos. 

Stanley,  two  counties,  XY.  306. 

Stanley ,  colony,  Falkland  islands,  VII.  73,  2  c. 

Stanley,  Arthur  Penrhyn,  English  clergyman, 
XY.  307. 

Stanley,  Edward  Henry  Smith,  lord :  see 
Derby,  earl. 

Stanley,  Henry  M.,  American  traveller,  XY. 
307  ;  X.  548,  2  b.  See  Lualaba  (Index). 

Stanley,  Thomas,  English  author,  XY.  308. 

Stanley  house ,  Chester,  Eng.,  IY.  388,  2  a  (ill.). 

Stannate ,  sodic ,  XY.  759,  2  c. 

Stanniferous  enamel ,  for  pottery,  XIII.  781, 1  c, 
782,  1  b.  Origin  of  the  term,  778,  1  c. 

Stannine ,  mineral,  XY.  760,  1  c.  Stannite,  ib. 

Stannius  (II.),  his  classification  of  reptiles,  VIII. 
694,  1  c. 

Stannous  chloride ,  XY.  759,  2  b. 

Stannum :  see  Tin,  XY.  759,  1  c,  760,  1  b. 

Stanstead,  county,  XV.  308.  Capital,  1  ab. 

Stanton,  two  counties,  XV.  308. 

Stanton ,  county  seats,  XI.  776,  2  c ;  XIII. 
795,  2  c;  XY.  308,  1  b. 

Stanton,  Edwin  McMasters,  American  states¬ 
man,  XY.  308.  Attorney  general  and  sec¬ 
retary  of  war,  2  a.  See  IX.  661,  1  be,  ff. 


Stanwix ,  Fort ,  XI Y.  401,  2  b. 

Stanze  of  Raphael  [stan'-dza],  XIY.  206, 1  a,  AT. ; 
XYI.  272,  1  c. 

Stapelia  (botany),  referred  to,  XI.  546,  2  b. 
Stapelia  mix ta, humorous  writings,  YII. 107,1  be. 
Sta'pes ,  of  the  ear,  YI.  351,  1  c. 

Staphylor' aphy ,  surgical  operation,  XII.  817, 
2  c ;  VIII.  459,  2  be. 

Staples  process ,  for  preparing  morphia,  XII. 
648,  2  c. 

Stapss  (Friedrich,  1792-1809,  shot  Oct.  17), 
would-be  assassin  of  Napoleon  (at  Schon- 
brunn),  III.  43,  2  c. 

Star,  XV.  308.  Constellations,  2  c.  Desig¬ 
nations  of  stars,  ib.  Magnitudes,  309,  1  b. 
Color,  310,  1  c.  Double  and  multiple  star 
systems,  2  a.  Variable  stars,  311, 1  a.  Tem¬ 
porary  and  new,  2  b.  Motion  of,  312,  1  b ; 
star  drift,  313,  1  b.  Constitution  of  the  si¬ 
dereal  heavens,  1  c.  Star  gauging  and  stel¬ 
lar  distribution,  2  a,  ff. — Influence  of  stars  on 
the  earth’s  temperature,  XI.  433,  2  ab ;  of 
shooting  stars,  2  be.  Acceleration  of,  I. 
56,  1  a.  First  designated  by  Greek  letters, 
II.  407,  2  b ;  XY.  308,  2  c.  Falling  stars, 
XI.  430,  2  b. 

Starch,  XV.  317.  Starch  granules,  2  ab,  ff. 
(ills.).  Manufacture,  318,  2  a.  Uses,  319, 2  a; 
in  diet,  YI.  103,  1  a.  Animal  starch,  XY. 
319,  2  ab. — Starch  gum,  YI.  65,  2  a ;  III. 
259,  1  c.  Starch  sirup  (liquid  honey),  II. 
313,  2  b.  Iodide  of  starch,  XII.  777,  2  b. 
Star  Chamber,  Court  of  the,  XY.  319;  YI. 
623,  2  c.  Cruel  sentence  of :  see  Prynne, 
XIY.  57,  2  ab. 

Star  City ,  county  seat,  X.  487,  2  b. 

Star  coral ,  Y.  540,  2  c  (ill.,  539). 

Star  Fish,  XY.  320.  Feather  star,  2  c.  Com¬ 
mon  star  fish,  321,  1  a  (ill.). 

Star  and  Garter  hotel ,  Richmond,  Eng.,  XIY. 
322,  2  c. 

Stare ,  bird  :  see  Starling. 

Stargard  [star'-gart],  town  of  Prussia,  XY. 

321.  Preussisch  Stargard  [proi'-sisli],  1  c. 
Stargazer,  fish,  XY.  321.  Mediterranean, 
2  ab  (ill.),  &c. 

Star  jelly  ( nostoc ),  species  of  algse,  I.  299,  1  c. 
Stark,  two  counties,  XY.  321. 

Stark,  John,  American  soldier,  XY.  322 ;  II. 

532,  2  a.  See  Bunker  Hill,  III.  436,  1  c,  ff. 
Starke,  county,  XY.  322. 

Starhville ,  county  seats,  X.  289,  2  a;  XII. 
608,  1  b. 

Starling,  bird,  XY.  322.  Common,  323,1  a  (ill.). 


714 


STARNAENAS 


STEAM 


Starnoe'nas  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  2  c.  S. 
cyanocephala,  ib. 

Star  of  Bethlehem,  plant,  XV.  323  (ill.). 

Star  of  South  Africa ,  diamond,  VI.  74,  1  b; 
I.  168,  1  b.  Star  of  the  South,  Brazilian 
diamond,  VI.  75,  1  c. 

Starovertzi ,  Russian  religious  sect,  XIV.  485, 1  c. 
Starr,  county,  XV.  323. 

“  Stars  and  bars  :  ”  see  Flag,  VII.  252,  1  a. 

“  Star-Spangled  Banner,  Thef  patriotic  song, 
IX.  816,  2  a;  II.  253,  1  a. 

Starvation  :  see  Abstinence. 

Stasis ,  of  thebloodin inflammation,  IX.  275, 2 ab. 
Stassfurt  [stas'-foort],  town  of  Prussia,  XV. 
323. 

State ,  member  of  the  federal  Union,  XVI.  160, 

1  c,  If.,  2  c ;  161, 1  b.  Dates  of  admission,  &c., 
119  (table).  See  Constitutional  Conven¬ 
tion,  V.  279,  2  be.  State  constitutions :  see 
the  several  states.  State  rights  :  see  Nulli¬ 
fication,  and  articles  there  referred  to.  Con¬ 
flict  of  state  and  federal  authority,  X.408, 1  b. 
Limitation  of  state  jurisdiction,  XV.  565,1  be. 

State,  sovereign ,  definition  of,  X.  223,  2  ab. 
Rights  of,  2  b ;  224,  1  a,  b,  2  be ;  225,  1  c, 

2  a.  Exclusive  jurisdiction,  extent  of,  224, 1  b. 
Staten  Island,  New  York,  XV.  323.  Sailors’ 

Snug  Harbor,  &c.,  2  c. 

Statenville ,  county  seat,  VI.  390,  1  c. 

Stater ,  gold ,  of  Miletus,  XII.  535,  2  c  (ill.,  536)  ; 
of  Sardis,  536,  1  a  (ill.).  Persian  stater,  or 
daric,  1  ab  (ill.).  Grecian  staters,  V.  32,  1  c. 
Statera ,  Roman  balance,  II.  234,  2  a. 
Statesborough ,  county  seat,  III.  428,  2  b. 

States  of  the  Church  :  see  Papal  States. 
States  General,  in  France,  XV.  323  ;  VII. 
385,  1  b ;  measures  of,  X.  97,  2  c.  Of  the 
Netherlands,  XV.  324,  2  a;  XII.  245,  2  ab, 
246,  2  c. 

Statesville ,  county  seat,  IX.  348,  1  b. 

Statics:  see  Mechanics,  XI.  315,  2  c. 

Station  houses ,  on  railroads,  XIV.  182,  1  c. 
Stationing  committee ,  Methodist,  XI.  453,  1  a. 
Statistics,  XV.  324.  Vital  statistics,  2  c. 
Statius,  Cmcilius:  see  C^ecilius  Statius. 
Statius,  Publius  Papinius,  Roman  poet,  XV. 

325  ;  X.  197,  2  a. 

Statuary  :  see  Sculpture. 

Statute  of  Frauds  :  see  Frauds,  Statute  of, 
and  XIV.  736,  1  b. 

“  Statute  of  Kilkenny ,”  IX.  357,  2  b. 

Statute  of  the  merchants ,  I.  78,  1  c. 

Statute  of  uses,  IV.  258,  2  be ;  II.  310,  2  b. 
Statute  of  Westminster  (mortmain),  XI.  853,  2  b. 


Statutes  of  Limitation:  see  Limitation,  Stat¬ 
utes  of. 

Statutum  Mercatorum ,  I.  78,  1  c. 

Staudenmaier,  Franz  Anton  [stow'-den-ml-er], 
German  theologian,  XV.  325. 

Staudlin,  Karl  Friedrich  [stoid-leen'J,  German 
theologian,  XV.  325. 

Staujfacher  [stowf/-fa-kher],  (Werner)  :  see 
Grutli,  and  Melchthal. 

Staujfenberg  [stowF-fen-bairg],  mountain  of 
the  Hartz,  VIII.  493,  2  c. 

Staunton,  river  of  Virginia,  XV.  325. 

Staunton,  city  of  Virginia,  XV.  325. 

Staunton,  Sir  George  Thomas,  English  author, 
XV.  325. 

Staunton,  Howard,  English  author,  XV.  326. 

Staupitz,  Johann  von  [stow'-pits],  German 
theologian,  XV.  326. 

Stavanger  [sta-vang'-ger],  town  of  Norway, 
XV.  326. 

Stavesacre,  plant,  V.  785,  2  c. 

Stavro'pol,  government  of  Russia,  XV.  326. 
Capital,  1  c. 

Stay,  of  a  crane,  V.  458,  2  b. 

Stays,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  1  be. 

Stay  sails ,  XIV.  865,  1  c. 

Steam,  vapor  of  water,  XV.  326.  Conditions 
of  temperature  and  pressure  in  its  forma¬ 
tion,  2  a,  ff.  Temperature  of  the  boiling 
point,  2  b.  Superheated  steam,  ib.  Total 
heat  of  steam,  327,  1  a.  Thermal  unit,  1  c. 
Steam  free  from  particles  of  water,  ib.  Elas¬ 
tic  force,  2  a,  ff.  Mixture  of  steam  and  oth¬ 
er  gas,  328, 1  ab.  Steam  from  sea  water,  ib. 
Advantage  of  superheating,  1  c.  Properties 
of  steam  (tables),  2  a. — Proposed  as  a  motive 
power  in  1690,  XIII.  54,  2  b.  See  Rumsey, 
XIV.  469,  1  a;  Fitch,  VII.  243,  2  b;  and 
Fulton,  Robert.  Application  to  ships  of 
war,  XII.  186,  1  ab. 

Steamboat  springs,  Nevada,  XII.  264,  2  a. 

Steam  Boiler,  XV.  329.  Forms  of,  1  ab.  Flue 
boilers,  1  be;  Cornish,  1  c,  342,  2  a;  Lanca¬ 
shire,  329,  1  c ;  fire  engine,  2  ab  (ill.) ;  loco¬ 
motive,  2  c  (ill.,  330)  ;  marine  flue  and  tube, 
330,  1  be  (ill.)  ;  water-tubular,  2  b ;  marine 
fire-tubular,  2  c  (ill.) ;  marine  high-pres¬ 
sure,  331,  1  b  (ill.).  Sectional  boilers,  1  c ; 
Stevens’s,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Harrison’s,  332, 1  b  (ill.); 
Babcock  and  Wilcox’s,  1  c  (ill.) ;  Root’s,  2  c. 
Proportions  and  efficiency,  333,  1  a.  Fuel, 
334,  1  a.  Incrustation  and  deposits,  1  b. 
Horse  power,  1  be.  Explosions,  causes  of, 
1  c;  II.  795,  2  c.  Steam  blast,  XV.  375, 1  a. 


STEAM 


STEINHEIL 


715 


Steam  Carriage,  XV.  335.  Road  locomotives, 
2  c,  ff.  (ills.).  Railroad  locomotives,  337, 
2  b.  British  express  engine,  338,  1  c  (ill.). 
Steam  chimney ,  XV.  330,  1  b. 

Steam  Engine,  XV.  339.  Early  contrivances, 

1  be ;  Hero’s,  ib.  (ill.).  First  practical  steam 
engine  (Newcomen’s),  2  be  (ill.,  340) ;  im¬ 
provements  on,  2  c.  Watt’s,  340,  2  a  (ill., 
341).  Form  of  the  steam  engine,  2  c.  Clas¬ 
sification  of  engines,  342,  1  a.  Leavitt’s 
pumping,  343,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  Corliss  engine, 

2  ab  (ill.) ;  Greene,  344, 1  b  (ill.).  American 
stationary  engine,  2  b.  Marine  steam  en¬ 
gine,  2  be ;  beam,  2  c  (ill.) ;  oscillating,  345, 
2  c  (ills.)  ;  screw  engine,  346,  2  a  (ills.) ;  com¬ 
pound  marine,  348,  1  a  (ills.).  The  screw, 
2  c  (ills.).  Steam  pressure  and  engine  power, 
350, 1  b  (ills.).  See  Steam  Navigation,  XV. 

353,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Steam  gun ,  Perkins’s,  XIII.  306,  2  b. 

Steam  gun  boat ,  XII.  187,  1  b. 

Steam  Navigation,  XV.  352.  Hulls’s  steamer 
(1736),  2  a  (ill.).  Fitch’s  steamboat  (1786), 
1  c  (ill.).  John  Stevens’s  steam  engine,  boil¬ 
er,  and  screws  (1804),  353,  1  ab  (ill.).  The 
Clermont  (1807),  1  c  (ill.).  Great  Eastern, 

354,  2  a  (ill.).  Steam  navigation  in  New 
York,  act  to  favor,  VII.  526, 1  b.  See  Bell, 
Henry,  Longstreet,  William,  &c. 

Steampipe,  the ,  geyser  in  California,  VII.  785, 2  b. 
Steam  settlers,  in  salt  works,  XIV.  579,  2  c. 
Ste'arates ,  XV.  355,  1  a. 

Steario  Acid,  XV.  354;  II.  313,  2  b. 

Stearine  [ste'-a-rin],  XV.  354,  2  c;  I.  119,  1  a; 
X.  170,  1  ab ;  XII.  605,  1  a.  Stearine  can¬ 
dles,  III.  698,  2  a. 

Stearns,  county,  XV.  355. 

Stearoptine  [ste-a-rop'-tin],  VI.  733,  2  a. 
Ste'atite  :  see  Talc. 

Steator'nis  (ornithology),  VIII.  58,  1  be.  S. 

Caripensis,  274,  2  c  (ilk). 

Steazo'on:  see  Epizoa,  VI.  694,  2  ab. 

Stec'odon ,  fossil  genus,  XI.  85,  2  b. 

Stedman,  Edmund  Clarence,  American  poet, 
XV.  355. 

Steel,  XV.  355.  Elements  of,  356,  1  a.  Phos¬ 
phorus  steels,  1  ab ;  silicon  steel,  2  b.  Com¬ 
pounds  of  with  metals,  2  c ;  steel  ores,  357, 
1  a.  Mushet’s  special  steel,  1  c.  Chrome 
steel,  2  a.  Classification  and  manufacture 
of  steels,  2  b.  Shear  steel,  358,  1  a.  Steel 
direct  from  the  ore,  ib. ;  from  pig  iron,  1  be. 
Puddled  steel,  ib.  Uchatius  steel,  2  b. 
Bessemer  steel,  2  c ;  Bessemer  or  pneumat¬ 


ic  process,  ib.  (ills.).  B6rard  process,  362, 

1  c.  Steel  from  wrought  iron,  2  a.  Martin 
process,  2  b.  Indian  steel,  or  wootz,  363, 

2  ab.  Cement  steel,  2  c.  '  Blister  steel,  364, 

1  a.  Mackintosh  or  Baron  steel,  1  c ;  Bar¬ 
on  process,  ib. — Properties  and  treatment  of, 

2  a.  Hardening,  tempering,  and  annealing, 
2  b.  Tungsten  and  titanium  steels,  365,  1  c. 
Burnt  steel,  366,  1  a.  Strength  of  steel, 

1  c.  Uses  of,  367,  2  c.  Production  of  in 
the  United  States,  368,  1  a. — See  Iron,  IX. 
367,  2  c ;  368,  2  ab  ;  390,  2  a ;  400,  2  a ;  403, 

2  a.  Indian  method  of  carbonizing:  see 
Damascus  Blades,  V.  654, 1  b,  c.  Lamina¬ 
ted,  for  gun  barrels,  VII.  357,  1  a. 

Steele,  county,  XV.  368. 

Steele,  Sir  Richard,  British  author,  XV.  368. 
Steel  Engraving  :  see  Engraving,  VI.  653,2  b. 
Steel  mills ,  for  light,  in  coal  mines,  V.  66,  1  b. 
Steelville ,  county  seat,  V.  466,  1  b. 

Steelyard  :  see  Balance,  II.  234,  2  a ;  XVI. 
537,  1  b. 

Steen,  Jan  [stain],  Dutch  painter,  XV.  368. 
Steenbock ,  Gen.  (Magnus,  1664-1717,  Swedish 
commander-in-chief),  barbarity  of,  I.  363,1  c. 
Steeple  bush ,  plant,  XV.  274,  2  a. 
Steeple-chasing ,  in  horse  races,  XVI.  50,  2  c. 
Steering  Apparatus,  XV.  369. 

Steevens,  George,  English  editor,  XV.  369. 
Ste/anovitch  [sta-fa-no'-vicli],  Servian  conspira¬ 
tor,  I.  288,  2  a. 

Steffens,  Heinrich,  German  author,  XV.  369. 
Stegano'pus  (ornithology),  XIII.  380,  1  c. 
Steier:  see  Steyer. 

Steilacoom  [sti-la-koom'J,  county  seat,  XIII. 
501,  2  c. 

Stein,  Charlotte  Albertine  Ernestine  von  [stine], 
baroness,  XV.  370. 

Stein,  Heinrich  Friedrich  Karl,  baron,  Ger¬ 
man  statesman,  XV.  369.  Policy  of  reforms 
in  Prussia,  VIII.  452,  2  ab. 

Stein,  Karl,  baron  :  see  Altenstein. 

Stein,  Lorenz,  political  economist,  XV.  370. 
Steinbach,  Erwin  von  [stine'-bakh],  architect, 
IV.  118,  2  be. 

Steinbart  (Gottliilf  Samuel,  1738-1809,  Ger¬ 
man  clergyman  and  philosopher),  referred 
to,  XI.  812,  2  c. 

Steinbock  :  see  Ibex,  IX.  142,  2  c. 

Steinbok ,  I.  545,  2  a  (Antelope). 

Steinheil  [stine'-hile],  (Karl  August,  1801-’70, 
professor  at  Munich,  organizer  of  telegraph 
systems  in  Bavaria,  Austria,  and  Switzer¬ 
land),  telegraph  of,  XV.  611,  2  ab. 


716 


STEIKLE 


STERNBERG 


Steinle,  Johann  Eduard  [stine'-leh],  German 
painter,  XV.  370. 

Steinthal,  Ileymann  [stine'-tal],  philologist, 
XV.  370. 

Stein  zum  Altenstein ,  Baron  non:  see  Alten- 
stein,  Karl. 

Stella:  see  Swift,  XV.  522, 1  a. 

Stellceburgum ,  observatory,  VIII.  710,  1  be. 

Steller  (Georg  Wilhelm,  l709-’45,  physician  and 
naturalist),  XI.  89,  2  c. 

Stellera  (zoology),  XI.  89,  2  c. 

Stellerine  [stel'-ler-in],  referred  to,  I.  513,  2  a. 

Stellio,  genus  of  lizards,  XV.  370.  Mentioned 
by  Pliny,  VII.  656,  1  c. 

Stelmatop' oda,  XI.  724,  2  b  (Molluscoids). 

Stem ,  of  plants,  XIII.  576,  2  c;  579,  1  b.  En¬ 
dogenous,  580,  2  be.  Perfoliate,  X.  266,  1  a. 

Stemmat'opus  (zoology),  XIV.  732,  2  c.  S.  cris- 
tatus,  733,  1  a  (ill.). 

Stendhal  [stang-dal] :  see  Beyle,  and  Carpani, 
IV.  17,  2  a.  Conjectured  original  of  bis 
duchess  of  San  Severino,  II.  487,  2  b. 

Steneosaurus,  fossil  crocodile,  VII.  651,  2  a. 

Steno ,  Michele ,  VII.  71,  2  b  (Falieri). 

Steno,  Nicolas  [sta'-no],  Danish  anatomist, 
XV.  370.  Steno’s  duct,  371,  1  a;  XIV.  566, 

1  a.  Referred  to,  XI.  589,  1  b.  His  views 
concerning  fossil  remains,  VII.  688,  1  a. 

Stenodac1  tylus  (zoology),  VII.  657,  1  a. 

Stenography,  XV.  371.  See  Phonography. 

Stenops  (zoology),  X.  339,  1  c.  S.  potto,  641, 

2  b;  tardigradus,  2  c  (ill.). 

Stenorhynchus  (zoology),  XIV.  732,  2  b. 

Stentor,  in  Grecian  legend,  XV.  371.  Sten¬ 
torian,  ib. 

Steph'anite ,  silver  ore,  II.  683,  2  c  ;  XV.  49,  2  c. 

Stephano'tis  floribunda  (botany),  XI.  546,  2  b. 

Steph'anus:  see  Stephens,  French  family. 

Stephen  [ste'-ven],  Saint,  XV.  371. 

Stephen,  name  of  ten  popes,  XV.  371.  I., 
Saint,  1  b.  III.,  1  c.  X.,  Frederick  of  Lor¬ 
raine,  2  b. 

Stephen,  king  of  England,  XV.  371 ;  VI.  607, 2  c. 

Stephen  I.,  Saint,  king  of  Hungary :  see  Hun¬ 
gary,  IX.  55,  2  b. 

Stephen,  king  of  Poland:  see  Bathori,  and 
Poland,  XIII.  646,  1  be. 

Stephen,  Sir  James,  English  statesman,  XV. 
372.  James  Fitzjames,  jurist,  2  b. 

Stephen  bell ,  of  the  new  parliament  bouse,  X. 
610,  1  a. 

Stephen  of  Blois,  VI.  607,  2  c.  See  Stephen, 
king  of  England. 

Stephens,  county,  XV.  372. 


Stephens ,  classification  of  insects  by,  VI.  6G2, 

1  ab. 

Stephens,  French  family  of  printers,  XV.  372. 
Henry,  its  founder,  2  c.  Robert,  373,  1  a. 
Henry,  1  be.  Paul,  1  c.  Anthony,  2  a. 
Stephens,  Alexander  Hamilton,  American 
statesman,  XV.  373. 

Stephens,  Ann  Sophia,  American  authoress, 
XV.  374. 

Stephens ,  James ,  Fenian  leader,  VII.  124, 2  b,  ft’. 
Stephens,  John  Lloyd,  American  traveller  and 
author,  XV.  374. 

Stephenson,  county,  XV.  374. 

Stephenson,  George,  English  engineer,  XV. 

374.  His  invention  of  the  safety  lamp,  375, 

1  a;  X.  130,  2  c.  His  claim  disputed,  XV. 

375,  1  a.  His  improved  locomotives,  2  a. — 
Robert,  engineer,  375,  2  be.  His  bridge  over 
the  Tweed,  II.  587,  1  a. 

Stephensville ,  county  seat,  VI.  704,  2  a. 

Steppes ,  plains  of  Siberia,  XV.  15,  1  ab;  of 
Turkistan,  XVI.  66,  2  c,  67,  1  b.  Kirghiz 
steppes,  X.  16,  1  a. 

Steps,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  2  a. 

Stercorarius  (ornithology),  XV.  81,  1  b.  S. 

catarractes,  1  be  (ill.). 

Stercorine ,  in  the  faBces,  IV.  514,  2  be. 
Sterculia  (botany),  VII.  148,  2  c.  S.  rupestris, 
III.  145,  2  a  (ill.). 

Stercus  diaboli,  drug,  I.  802,  1  c. 

Stefreo  chrome,  in  fresco  painting,  VII.  483, 1  b. 
Stereoch! romy :  see  Glass,  Soluble,  VIII.  25, 1  a. 
Stereom'etry,  art  of  measuring  solid  bodies,  VII. 
700,  1  a. 

Stereoscope,  XV.  376  (ills.);  XIII.  471,  1  be. 
Stereotype  :  see  Printing,  XIII.  850,  1  a,  ff. 
Stereotype  metal,  II.  667,  1  a.  Invention  of 
stereotyping,  XIII.  850,  1  b;  VII.  657,  2  b. 
Sterig'mata,  of  lichens,  X.  410,  1  a. 

Sterlet,  fish,  XV.  432,  1  a. 

Sterling  :  see  Pound  Sterling.  Earliest  use 
of  the  word,  XI.  738,  1  c. 

Sterling,  city  of  Illinois,  XV.  377. 

Sterling ,  Edward  (1773-1847),  referred  to,  V. 
767,  2  be. 

Sterling,  John  (son  of  Edward),  British  au¬ 
thor,  XV.  37.  Sterling  club,  2  c. 

Stern,  Daniel  [stairn] :  see  Agoult. 

Sterna  (ornithology),  XV.  659,  1  b.  S.  Caspia, 
1  be ;  Cayana,  1  c  (ill.) ;  fuliginosa,  2  ab ; 
Wilsoni,  2  be ;  liirundo  and  macrura,  2  c. 

“  Stern  all,"  in  whale  fishing,  XVI.  582,  2  ab. 
Sternberg  [stairn'-bairg],  towrn  of  Moravia, 
XV.  378. 


STERNE 


STIMPSON 


717 


Sterne,  Laurence,  English  author,  XV.  378. 

His  plagiarisms,  1  c.  Characterization,  2  b. 
Sterniiold,  Thomas,  English  writer,  XV.  378. 

Version  of  the  Psalms,  ib. 

Sternum ,  breast  bone,  IV.  387,  1  b;  XV.  76 
(ill.,  fig.  1,  15). 

Sterrometal ,  alloy,  I.  336,  2  c. 

Stesioii'orus,  Greek  poet,  XV.  378. 

Stet ,  mark  in  proof  reading,  V.  375,  1  be. 

Stet'  efeldtite,  silver  ore,  XV.  50,  1  be. 
Stethoscope:  see  Auscultation,  II.  126,  1  a. 
Stettin  [stet-teen'J,  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  379. 
Steuart,  Sir  James  Denham,  Scottish  political 
economist,  XV.  379  ;  XIII.  668,  1  c. 
Steu'ben,  two  counties,  XV.  379. 

Steuben,  Frederick  William  Augustus,  baron 
[Ger.  stoi'-ben],  American  soldier,  XV.  379. 
Steubenville,  city  of  Ohio,  XV.  380. 

Stevens,  four  counties,  XV.  380. 

Stevens,  Abel,  American  clergyman,  XV.  380. 
Stevens,  Alexander  Hodgdon, surgeon,  XV.  380. 
Stevens,  George  Alexander,  English  author, 
XV.  381. 

Stevens,  John,  American  inventor,  XV.  381. 
His  steam  boiler,  331,  2  a  (ill.). — Robert 
Livingston,  381,  1  c.  His  battery,  2  ab; 
369,  1  c ;  IX.  377,  2  be. — Edwin  Augustus, 
XV.  381,  2  a.  Stevens  institute  of  tech¬ 
nology:  see  Hoboken,  VIII.  751,  1  b. 
Stevens,  Joseph  [sta'-vence],  Belgian  painter, 
XV.  381.  Alfred,  painter,  2  be. 

Stevens,  Tliaddeus,  American  statesman,  XV. 
381. 

Stevenson ,  Robert ,  civil  engineer:  see  Light¬ 
house,  X.  460,  1  c.  Alan,  2  c. 

Steven's  Point ,  county  seat,  XIII.  722,  1  b. 
Stev'in :  see  Stevinus. 

Stevi'nus,  Simon,  Flemish  mathematician,  XV. 
382;  IX.  115,  2  be. 

Steward,  Lord  High,  in  England,  XV.  382; 

in  Scotland,  1  c. 

Stewart :  see  Stuart,  family. 

Stewart,  two  counties,  XV.  382. 

Stewart,  Alexander  Turney,  American  mer¬ 
chant,  XV.  382.  (Died  1876.) 

Stewart,  Balfour,  British  physicist,  XV.  382. 
Stewart,  Charles,  American  naval  officer,  XV. 
383. 

Stewart ,  Douglas ,  assumed  name,  XV.  172, 1  b. 
Stewart,  Dugald,  Scottish  philosopher,  XV. 

383.  See  Philosophy,  XIII.  445,  2  b. 
Stewart ,  Lord  James ,  earl  of  Murray,  III.  139, 
2  ab,  c,  140, 1  a.  See  Murray  (James  Stuart). 
Stewart,  John,  English  traveller,  XV.  384. 


Stewart,  Robert  Henry,  marquis  of  London¬ 
derry  :  see  Castlereagh. 

Stewart  Island  :  see  New  Zealand. 

Steyer  [sti'-er],  town  of  Austria,  XV.  384. 
Sthenic  and  asthenic ,  in  Brown’s  and  Brous- 
sais’s  theories  of  disease,  III.  337,  2  a. 

Stheno :  see  Gorgon. 

Stibium  (antimony),  I.  565,  1  a. 

Stick  of  buds ,  for  budding,  III.  404,  1  a. 
Stickleback,  fish,  XV.  384  (ill.). 

Stickney,  Sarah:  see  Ellis,  William. 
Stickney')s  method ,  in  blasting,  II.  697,  2  c. 
Sticta  pulmonacea  (botany),  X.  408,  2  b  (ilk). 
Stieglitz,  Christian  Ludwig  [steeg'-lits],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  XV.  384.  Heinrich,  poet,  2  c. 
Charlotte,  his  wife,  2  c :  see  Mundt,  XII. 
40,  2  b. 

Stieglitz,  Ludwig  von,  Russian  banker,  XV. 

385. 

Stifelius ,  inventor  of  algebraic  signs,  I.  302, 1  a. 
Stift,  division  of  Norway  (also  Denmark),  XII. 
506,  2  a. 

Stiftamtmand ,  governor  general,  IX.  152,  2  b 
(Iceland). 

Stig'and,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  I.  279, 1  be. 
Stigma ,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  585,  2  a ;  587,  2  a. 
Stigmaria  :  see  Coal  Plants. 

Stig’mata ,  legend  of  the,  VII.  424,  1  ab. 
Stiles,  Ezra,  American  clergyman,  XV.  385. 
Stilicho,  Flavius  [stil'-e-ko],  Roman  general, 
XV.  385 ;  I.  238,  1  a,  ff. ;  XVI.  563,  1  c, 
2  a,  ff. 

Still:  see  Distillation,  VI.  141,  1  a  (ill.). 
Edouard  Adam’s,  142,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Derosne’s, 
143,  2  a  (ill.). 

Stille,  Alfred  [stil'-le],  American  physician, 
XV.  385.  Moreton,  386,  1  a. 

Stil'ler  Freitag  [fri'-takh],  (Good  Friday),  VIII. 
101,  1  a. 

Stillingfleet,  Edward,  English  bishop,  XV. 

386. 

Stillingia  sebif  era  (botany),  XV.  559, 1  ab  (ilk). 
S.  sylvatica,  2  be. 

Stillion ,  of  a  brewery,  III.  261,  1  c. 

Still  people :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  b. 
Stillwater,  N.  Y. :  see  Saratoga,  Battle  of, 
XIV.  628,  2  a. 

Stili/water,  city  of  Minnesota,  XV.  386. 
Stillwater,  county  seat,  IV.  568,  1  c. 

Still  week,  VIII.  776,  1  b  (Holy  Wteek). 

Stilt,  bird,  XV.  386  (ilk). 

Stilton  cheese,  IV.  351,  2  c. 

Stimpson,  William,  American  naturalist,  XV. 
386. 


718 


STIMULATION 


STOMACH 


Stimulation :  see  Narcotics. 

Stinking  cedar ,  tree  so  called,  XV.  807,  2  c. 
Stinkstein,  kind  of  stone,  XVI.  667,  2  c. 

Stipa  (botany),  VI.  728,  2  b.  S.  tenacissima, 
VIII.  167,  1  c. 

Stipe ,  of  fungi,  VII.  529,  1  c. 

Stipple  engraving ,  VI.  652,  2  be. 

Stip'ules ,  of  plants,  X.  264,  1  c,  266,  1  c ;  VII. 
31,  1  a. 

Stirbey ,  Barbo  Demetrius  [steer'-ba],  (1798- 
1869),  liospodar  of  Wallachia,  XVI.  433,  2  b. 
Stirling,  town  of  Scotland,  XV.  387. 

Stirling,  Earl  of  :  see  Alexander,  William. 
Stirling ,  island  of  (Long  Island),  I.  287,  1  c. 
Stirling ,  Lord ,  in  American  history,  1. 287,  2  a. 
Stirling,  Sir  William  (Maxwell),  Scottish  au¬ 
thor,  XV.  387.  (Died  1878.)  Lady  Stirling- 
Maxwell:  see  Norton,  Caroline. 

Stirling  bridge ,  battle  of  XVI.  432,  1  a. 
Stirlingshire,  county  of  Scotland,  XV.  387. 
Sto'a  Basile’ius,  site  of,  II.  59,  2  c.  Stoa  Eleu- 
therius,  ib.  Stoa  Pcecile,  60,  1  b. 

Stoat  :  see  Ermine,  VI.  716,  1  be. 

Stobas'us,  Joannes,  Greek  compiler,  XV.  387. 
Stock  :  see  Gillielower,  VII.  811,  1  ab. 

Stock,  of  an  anchor,  I.  465,  2  c. 

Stock ,  in  bookkeeping,  III.  80,  2  b. 

Stock,  for  budding,  III.  403,  2  a.  In  grafting, 
VIII.  138,  2  c. 

Stock,  pledged,  rule  respecting,  XIII.  196,  1  c. 
Stock,  St.  Simon,  general  of  the  Carmelites, 

XIV.  663,  2  b;  XI.  218,  1  b. 

Stockade,  in  fortification,  VII.  328,  1  ab. 
Stockbridge,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XV.  387. 

Stockbridge  or  Housatonic  Indians,  2  b  ;  XI. 
701,  1  b ;  XII.  630,  1  a. 

Stockbridge  Bowl,  lake,  VIII.  536,  1  b. 

Stock  broker,  XV.  387,  2  c. 

Stock  companies,  for  marine  insurance,  IX. 
315,  1  c. 

Stock  Exchange,  XV.  387.  New  York  stock 
exchange,  388,  1  a.  Peculiar  terms,  1  be. 
Paris  bourse,  2  be.  London  stock  exchange, 
389,  1  a;  X.  615,  2  a. 

Stock  Fisn:  see  Cod,  IV.  796,  1  be. 
Stockhardt,  Julius  Adolf,  German  chemist, 

XV.  389. 

Stockholm,  capital  of  Sweden,  XV.  389. 
Royal  palace,  2  a  (ill.).  History,  390,  2  ab. 
“Blood  bath  of  Stockholm,”  2  c. 

Stocking,  XV.  390.  Stocking  frame,  391, 1  a; 
inventor  of,  ib. ;  another,  I.  718,  1  b.  Knit¬ 
ting  machines,  XV.  391,  1  b.  Stocking 
stitch,  ib. 


Stock  jobber,  XV.  387,  2  c. 

Stockmar,  Christian  Friedrich,  baron,  German 
physician,  XV.  392. 

Stockport,  town  of  England,  XV.  392. 

Stockton,  city  of  California,  XV.  392. 

Stockton ,  county  seat,  IV.  166,  1  c. 

Stockton,  Richard,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XV.  392.  Robert  Field, 
naval  officer,  2  c. 

Stockton,  Thomas  Hewlings,  American  cler¬ 
gyman,  XV.  393. 

Stockton-tjpon-Tees,  town  of  England,  XV. 
393. 

Stockwerke  [stuk'-vair-keh],  in  tin  mines,  XV. 
761,  1  a. 

Stoddard,  county,  XV.  393. 

Stoddard,  Richard  Henry,  American  author, 
XV.  393.  Elizabeth,  author,  2  c. 

Stoddard,  Solomon,  American  clergyman, 
XV.  394. 

Stoddart,  Col.,  English  officer,  II.  799,  2  be. 

Stoechades  [ste'-ka-deez],  islands,  IX.  130,  2  a. 

Stoerkodder  [stor'-kud-der],  legendary  Norse 
hero,  II.  583,  1  b. 

Stofflet,  Nicolas  [stuf-fla],  (1752— ’96),  Vendean 
general,  IV.  276,  1  b;  XVI.  288,  1  c,  2  a. 

Stoic  philosophy ,  Stoicism:  see  Stoics;  Phi¬ 
losophy,  XIII.  438,  2  b ;  Moral  Philosophy, 
XI.  809,  2  c. 

Stoics,  school  of  philosophers,  XV.  394.  See 
Zeno,  and  Stoic  philosophy  (Index). 

Stoker ,  furnace  tender,  VII.  636,  1  c. 

Stokes,  county,  XV.  394. 

Stokes,  George  Gabriel,  British  mathematician, 
XV.  394.  Experiments  on  rays  of  light, 
VII.  290,  1  a,  ff. 

Stoke-upon-Trent,  town  of  England,  XV.  394. 

Stoking,  furnace  feeding,  VII.  636,  1  c. 

Stolberg,  Friedrich  Leopold,  count  [stole'- 
bairg],  German  poet,  XV.  394.  Christian, 
count,  395,  1  be. 

Stolberg-  Gedern,  Gustavus  Adolphus,  prince  of 
[-ga'-dern],  I.  248,  2  c.  Princess  Louisa  of : 
see  Albany,  countess  of  (Index). 

Stolbova,  treaty  of,  XII.  759,  2  c. 

Stolon,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  577,  1  b. 

Stolp :  see  Stolpe. 

Stolpe  [stole'-peh],  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  395. 

Stomach  (anatomy),  XV.  395  (ills.);  I.  317, 
2  c  (ill.,  318);  V.  182,  1  c.  Experiments 
upon  its  digestive  powers:  see  Beaumont, 
William.  Self-digestion  of,  XI.  342,  1  c. 
Stomach  of  the  cicadadse,  VIII.  629,  2  c. 

Stomach,  Diseases  of  the,  XV.  396.  Inflam- 


STOMATA 


STRADELLA 


719 


matory,  2  c ;  structural,  397,  2  a ;  functional, 

398,  1  a. 

Stom'ata ,  of  a  leaf,  X.  265,  1  b  (ill.). 

Stomox'ys  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  b.  S.  cal- 
citrans,  VII.  295,  1  c. 

Stone  :  see  Rocks.  Artificial :  see  Concrete. 
Stone,  disease,  XV.  398.  Methods  of  removal, 
1  c.  Solution,  ib.  Extraction  by  the  ure¬ 
thra,  2  a.  Lithotomy,  ib.  Lithotripsy,  399, 
1  ab. 

Stone,  three  counties,  XV.  399. 

Stone,  Thomas,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XV.  399. 

Stone,  William  Leete,  American  author,  XV. 

399.  William  Leete,  jr.,  author,  2  c. 

Stone,  William  Oliver,  painter,  XV.  400. 

Stone  age ,  in  archaeology,  I.  185,  2  c;  642,  1  c; 

VII.  195,  2  b. 

Stone  Borer,  name  of  several  bivalve  shells, 
XV.  400  (ills.) ;  V.  202,  2  a  (pholades). 
Stone  Chat,  bird,  XV.  400  (ill.,  401). 

Stone  china ,  XIII.  786,  2  c. 

Stone  coal ,  stone  fuel  (anthracite),  earliest  use 
of,  I.  552,  1  ab ;  553,  1  a. 

Stone  Crop,  plant:  see  Seditm,  XIV.  751,  2  a 
(ill.).  Parts  of,  XIII.  585,  1  a  (ills.). 

Stone  fort ,  the ,  ancient  work,  XV.  644,  2  a 
(Tennessee). 

Stone  gray ,  a  pigment,  XVI.  826,  1  b. 
Stone'henge,  XV.  401  (ill.) ;  IX.  677,  2  c. 
Stone  lilies ,  referred  to,  VI.  387,  1  ab.  See 
Crinoidea. 

Stone  mountain ,  Georgia,  VII.  718,  1  a;  V. 
748,  1  c ;  765,  2  a. 

Stone  oxide ,  a  pigment,  XVI.  826,  1  b. 

Stone  River,  Battle  of :  see  Murfreesboro, 
XII.  55,  1  c. 

Stone  of  the  sibyl ,  at  Delphi,  referred  to,  V. 
785,  1  c. 

Stonesfeld  slate ,  XII.  641,  2  c  (Oolite). 

Stone  snipe ,  bird,  XV.  583,  2  ab. 

Stonewall  Jackson ,  sobriquet,  IX.  496,  1  c. 
Stoneware ,  XIII.  778,  2  c;  783,  1  c.  Com¬ 
mon,  787,  1  a;  fine,  ib .,  788,  2  b,  790,  2  b. 
Manufacture  of,  787,  2  c  (ills.). 

Stonies ,  American  Indians,  XII.  503,  2  a. 
Stonington,  town  of  Connecticut,  XV.  401. 
Stony  Point,  promontory  on  the  Hudson,  XV. 

402.  Recapture  of  the  fort  of,  1  ab. 

Stool ,  in  layering,  X.  240,  2  c. 

Stool  of  repentance :  see  Cutty  Stool. 

Stoping,  in  mining,  XI.  572,  2  c. 

Stoppage  in  Transitu,  in  law,  XV.  402. 
Stopping  out ,  in  engraving,  VI.  651,  2  c. 


Storax  :  see  Balsams,  II.  249,  2  a. 

Storch ,  A.  [storkh],  (Andrei,  1766-1839,  profes¬ 
sor  in  St.  Petersburg,  imperial  councillor, 
&c.),  on  political  economy,  XIII.  671,  2  a. 
Storch ,  or  Storch,  Nicolaus ,  a  fanatic  :  see  Mun- 
zer,  and  Abecedarians. 

Storer ,  D.  R.  (David  Humphreys,  born  1804)., 
naturalist,  IX.  162, 1  b. 

Storey,  county,  XV.  403. 

Stork,  bird,  XV.  403.  White,  2  b  (ill.).  Black, 
404,  1  b.  American,  ib. 

“  Storm  and  pressure  period  ,”  in  German  lit¬ 
erature,  X.  25,  1  c,  345,  1  c;  VII.  767,  2  a 
(Sturm-  und  Drangperiode). 

Storm  centre ,  IX.  82,  1  ab.  See  Storms. 

Storm  cock ,  XV.  728,  2  a  (Thrush). 

Stormont,  county,  XV.  404. 

Storms,  XV.  404.  Storm  areas,  1  be.  Storm 
centres  in  the  United  States,  1  c  (chart). 
Storm  warnings,  405,  1  a :  see  Signal  Ser¬ 
vice,  34,  1  b,  and  Aeroklinosoope. — Pois¬ 
son’s  or  Ferrel’s  law  of  storms,  IX.  81,  1  b. 
Espy’s  theory  of,  VIII.  381,  2  c;  referred 
to,  IX.  80,  2  c.  See  Cyclone,  and  Hurri¬ 
cane. 

Stormy  cape  (cape  of  Good  Hope),  VI.  80, 1  be ; 
VII.  604,  2  a. 

Storrs,  Richard  Salter,  American  clergyman, 
XV.  406. 

Storthing  [stor'-ting],  Norwegian  legislature, 
XII.  509,  2  b. 

Story,  county,  XV.  406. 

Story,  Joseph,  American  jurist,  XV.  406.  Wil¬ 
liam  Wetmore,  sculptor  and  author,  407, 1  a. 
Story  unkare  [stor-yoon'-ka-reh],  Lappish  deity, 
IX.  164,  2  b. 

Stoth'ard,  Thomas,  English  painter,  XV.  407. 
Charles  Alfred,  1  c. 

Stourbridge  clay  [stur'-brij],  (town  of  Worces* 
tershire,  England ;  pop.  8,000),  IV.  649,  2  c 
Stove:  see  Warming  and  Ventilation,  XVI. 

454,  1  b,  ff.  Whitw ell’s,  IX.  394,  1  c. 

Stow,  Baron,  American  clergyman,  XV.  407. 
Stow,  John,  English  antiquary,  XV.  407. 
Stowe,  Calvin  Ellis,  American  clergyman,  XV. 

407.  Harriet  Elizabeth  Beecher :  see  Beech¬ 
er,  II.  462,  2  b,  and  XVI.  196,  2  ab. 

Stowell,  William  Scott,  baron,  English  jurist, 
XV.  408. 

Strabis'mus  :  see  Squinting,  and  VII.  46,  2  be. 
Strabo,  Greek  geographer,  XV.  408  ;  VII.  684, 
1  a. 

Stradella,  Alessandro,  Italian  musician,  XV. 

408. 


720 


STRADIVARI 


STRENGTH 


Steadivaei,  Antonio  [stra-de-va'-re],  Italian 
violin  maker,  XV.  408;  XVI.  365,  2  a.  See 
Beegonzi. 

Stradivarius :  see  Steadivaei  (Index). 
Steaffoed,  county,  XV.  408. 

Steaffoed,  Thomas  Wentworth,  earl  of,  Eng¬ 
lish  statesman,  XV.  409 ;  IV.  279,  2  b,  ff. 
Steaits  Settlements,  British  colony,  XV.  409. 
Stroke,  in  ship  building,  XIV.  863,  1  a;  gar- 
board,  1  b;  limber,  1  ab;  binding,  1  c. 
Stealsund  [stral'-zoont],  town  of  Prussia,  XV. 

410. 

Steamonium:  see  Datuea,  V.  700,  2  a. 

Strand ,  the ,  London,  X.  594,  2  ab ;  619,  1  c. 
Strandberg,C.  W.  A.  (1818-’77),  Swedish  poet, 
XV.  515,  1  c. 

Strand  riders ,  patrol  guard,  I.  381,  2  b. 

Strand  wolf,  so  called,  IX.  101,  2  c. 

Strang,  Joseph,  Mormon,  II.  436,  1  c. 

Steange,  Sir  Robert,  English  engraver,  XV.  41 0. 
Stranger’s  fever,  I.  59,  2  a  (Acclimation). 
Strangles,  disease  of  horses,  XVI.  332,  2  b. 
Steas'bueg  [Ger.  strass'-boorg],  XV.  410.  Ca¬ 
thedral,  2  a  (ill.);  IV.  118,  2  be.  Gymna¬ 
sium,  VI.  413,  2  ab. 

Strasburg  turpentine,  VII.  209,  1  be ;  XVI. 
77,  1  c. 

Strass,  basis  for  artificial  gems,  VII.  665,  1  a. 
Strassburg :  see  Steasbueg. 

Strategic  points,  for  fortifications,  VII.  333,  2  c. 
Strate'gus ,  title  of  Greek  general,  I.  63,  1  ab ; 
738,  2  ab,  b. 

Steatfoed,  town  of  Canada,  XV.  411. 
Steatfoed  de  Redcliffe,  Stratford  Canning, 
viscount,  English  diplomatist,  XV.  411. 
Steatfoed-upon-Avon,  town  of  England,  XV . 

411.  Shakespeare’s  birthplace  and  tomb, 

412.  1  a  (ills.,  411). 

Strathclyde ,  kingdom  of,  XIV.  704,  1  b. 
Strathearn,  the  flower  of:  see  Oliphant,  Caro¬ 
lina. 

Straths,  Scottish  glens,  XIII.  333,  1  be. 
Stratiom' ydee  (entomology),  VI.  129,  2  c. 
Stratio'mys  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  a. 
Stratiotiki  [stra-te-ot'-e-ke],  a  port  of  Athens, 
XIII.  539,  2  ab. 

Stratoni' ce,  queen  of  Syria,  XIV.  757,  1  a ;  I. 
568,  1  b. 

Stratton,  Charles  S.  (Tom  Thumb),  II.  324,  1  b. 
Stratum  Malpigliii  (anatomy),  V.  189,  2  c. 
Steaubing  [strow'-bing],  town  of  Bavaria,  XV. 
412. 

Steauss  [stro  wee],  family  of  German  musicians, 
XV.  412. 


Steauss,  David  Friedrich,  German  theologian, 
XV.  412. 

Strauss- Durckheim  [-doork'-liime],  classifica¬ 
tion  of  fishes  by,  IX.  161,  1  a;  of  reptiles, 
VIII.  694,  1  be. 

Steaw,  XV.  413.  Straw  plaiting,  1  b.  Hats 
and  bonnets,  2  b.  Panama  hats,  2  c.  Use 
of  straw  in  paper  making,  XIII.  47,  2  a. 

Steawbeeey,  XV.  414.  Flowers  and  fruit, 

1  b  (ill.).  Species  and  varieties,  1  c.  Al¬ 
pine,  2  b  (ill.).  Cultivation,  415,  2  b. 

Strawberry  geranium,  XIV.  657,  1  a. 

Strawberry  Hill,  Horace  Walpole’s  seat,  XVI. 
441,  2  b. 

Strawberry  tomato ,  XIII.  481,  1  b. 

Strawberry  tree,  I.  639,  2  a  (ills.). 

Steays  :  see  Esteays. 

Straznick'y,  Dr.  E.  E.,  II.  41,  2  b  (Astoe  Li- 
beaey).  (Died  1876.) 

Steeet,  Alfred  Billings,  American  poet, XV.415. 

Street  broker,  XV.  388,  2  b  (Stock  Exchange). 

Streghe  di  Benevento  [stra'-ga],  witches,  II.  522, 

1  c. 

Strehlenau,  Niembsch  von  [neempsh  fon  stra'- 
leh-now] :  see  Lenau. 

Steelitz  [stra'-lits] :  see  Mecklenbueg,  XI. 
331,  2  a. 

Strel'itzes,  Russian  militia,  XIII.  350,  2  a. 

Strength  of  iron ,  IX.  372,  1  be.  Of  iron  beams : 
see  Beam. 

Steength  of  Mateeials,  XV.  415.  Resistance 
to  external  forces,  2  b.  Ultimate  strength, 
&c.,  2  be.  Factor  of  safety,  2  c.  Proof 
strength,  ib.  Tensile  resistance,  or  tenacity, 
416,  1  a.  Internal  pressure  in  cylinders, 

1  ab ;  stays,  1  c ;  shearing  strain,  ib.  Crush¬ 
ing,  2  a ;  formulas  for  tall  columns,  2  b. 
Collapsing  of  boiler  flues,  417,  1  a.  Trans¬ 
verse  strength  of  beams,  1  b;  torsional 
strength,  2  ab.  Resilience,  2  b ;  extension* 
of  iron,  418,  1  a ;  of  steel,  1  ab.  Effects  of 
heating  and  cooling,  &c.,  1  be.  Indentation, 

2  ab.  Proportions  of  parts,  2  b ;  bolts  and 
rivet  holes,  419,  1  a.  Elasticity,  1  b  ;  mo¬ 
dulus  or  coefficient  of,  1  c. — Testing  ma¬ 
chines,  2  a.  Riehle’s,  2  ab  (ill.).  Thurs¬ 
ton’s  automatic  recording,  420,  1  a  (ills.). 
Characteristic  differences  of  materials,  421, 
1  be.  Internal  strain,  2  a.  Strain  diagrams 
of  metals,  422,  1  a  (ill.).  Varieties  of  frac¬ 
ture,  1  c  (ills.).  Testing  within  the  limit  of 
elasticity,  424,  1  c.  Table  of  coefficients  of 
resistance,  423. 

Strength  of  steel,  XV.  366,  1  c. 


STREPSILAS 


STIJHL-W*EISSENBURG 


721 


Strep' silos  (ornithology),  XVI.  76,  2  be.  S. 
interpres,  2  c  (ill.). 

Stretcher  and  header  (or  hinder ),  in  bricklay¬ 
ing,  III.  269,  1  be. 

Striae ,  in  glass,  VIII.  20,  2  b. 

Striatella  arcuata  (botany),  VI.  85,  1  a. 

Stride,  layer  of  flax,  VII.  265,  1  be. 

Strickland,  Agnes,  English  authoress,  XV.  424. 

Strickland,  William  Peter,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XV.  424. 

Strigil  [strij'-il],  scraper  for  the  skin,  II.  884, 1  b. 

Strigi'nae  (ornithology),  XII.  752,  1  be. 

Strigops  (ornithology),  XII.  756,  1  c.  S.  ha- 
broptilus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Strikes,  of  working  men,  IX.  321,  2  c,  322, 
2  b ;  XV.  835,  2  a,  If. 

String ,  the,  in  billiards,  II.  642,  1  c.  Stringing 
for  the  lead,  ib. 

Stringham,  Silas  Horton,  American  naval  offi¬ 
cer,  XV.  425. 

Striso'res,  suborder  of  birds,  XV.  425. 

Strix  (ornithology),  XII.  752,  1  be.  S.  pratin- 
cola,  1  c  (ill.) ;  flammea,  2  b. 

Strob'ila ,  young  jelly  fish  (ill.),  IX.  601. 

StroTcr,  Great,  geyser  of  Iceland,  VII.  784, 1  a. 
Little,  1  ab. 

Strole,  Henry,  explorer,  V.  107,  2  c. 

Strombocarpa  (botany),  XI.  488,  1  a. 

Strom'boli,  island  of  Italy,  X.  517,  1  be.  Vol¬ 
cano  of,  XVI.  400,  1  a. 

Strombus  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  c.  S.  gigas, 
III.  652,  1  c,  2  a. 

Stro'meyerite,  silver  ore,  XV.  50,  1  ab. 

Stromkarl :  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  2  b. 

Strumming ,  fish,  III.  139,  1  ab ;  XV.  504,  1  a. 

Stromness',  town,  Orkney  islands,  XII.  696,  1  c. 

Strong,  Caleb,  American  statesman,  XV.  425. 

Strong,  James,  American  author,  XV.  425. 

Strongbow,  sobriquet,  IX.  357,  1  b. 

Strongyle  [strong'-ge-le],  XII.  190, 2  be  (Naxos). 

Strongylus  gigas  (entozoa),  VI.  668, 1  be  ;  equi- 
nus,  1  c;  longivaginatus,  ib. 

Strontia ,  oxide  of  strontium,  XV.  425,  2  c. 

Strontianite,  carbonate,  XV.  425,  2  c. 

Stronti'tes,  VIII.  811, 1  b.  See  XV.  426,  1  a. 

Strontium,  a  metal,  XV.  425.  Principal  salts, 
426,  1  a. 

Stro'phe ,  of  the  Greek  chorus,  IV.  518,  1  c. 

Strophom'ena  (mollusca),  III.  177,  2  c. 

Strossmayer,  Joseph  George  [struss'-ml-er], 
Croato-Slavonie  prelate,  XV.  426. 

Strother,  David  Ilunter  [strb^A'-er],  American 
artist,  XV.  426. 

Stroudsburg,  county  seat,  XI.  759,  2  a. 

46 


Strousberg,  Bethel  Henry  [strowce'-bairg], 
German  adventurer,  XV.  426. 

Strozzi  [strot'-se],  nom  de  guerre  of  Mazzini, 
XI.  307,  2  c. 

Structural  formulas,  in  chemistry,  XI.  718,  1  a 
(Molecule). 

Structure,  as  determining  species,  XV.  234, 1  ab. 
Struensee,  Johann  Friedrich,  count  [stroo'-en- 
za],  Danish  statesman,  XV.  427 ;  IV.  528, 
2  b,  be.  See  Caroline  Matilda. 

Struma  (scrofula),  XIV.  714,  1  a. 

Struthio  (ornithology),  XII.  724,  2  b.  S.  came- 
lus,  2  c  (ill.). 

Struthion'idce  (ornithology),  XV.  724,  2  b. 
Struthiop’ teris  (botany),  XII.  726,  1  ab.  S. 

Germanica,  ib.  (ill.) ;  Pennsylvanica,  1  c. 
Strutt,  inventor  of  stocking  frame,  I.  718,  1  b. 
Strutt,  Joseph,  English  antiquary,  XV.  427. 
Struve,  Friedrich  Georg  Wilhelm  von  [stroo'- 
feh],  Russian  astronomer,  XV.  427 ;  315, 

1  b ;  VII.  560,  1  b.  Otto  Wilhelm  von,  as¬ 
tronomer,  XV.  427,  2  b. 

Struve,  Georg  Adam,  jurist,  XV.  427.  Burk- 
hard  Gotthelf,  jurist,  428,  1  a. 

Strychnia,  vegetable  poison,  XV.  428. 
Strychnine  [strik'-nin] :  see  Strychnia. 
Strychnos  nux-vomica  (botany),  XII.  545,  2  c 
(ill.,  546),  I.  507,  2  a ;  Ignatia,  XII.  546, 

2  be ;  potatorum,  ib. ;  multiflora,  XV.  428, 
1  b  ;  tieute,  ib.,  XVI.  217,  2  a;  Castelnseana 
and  cogens,  723,  1  c. 

Strymon  :  see  Macedonia,  X.  782,  1  be,  2  a. 
Steype,  John,  English  clergyman,  XV.  429. 
Stuart,  royal  family,  XV.  429.  See  Charles 
Edward  (Index),  James  Francis  Edward, 
and  Stuart,  Henry  Benedict  Maria  Clement. 
Stuart,  Arabella  or  Arbella(the  lady  Arabella), 
XV.  429. 

Stuart,  Gilbert,  Scottish  author,  XV.  430. 
Stuart,  Gilbert  Charles,  American  painter, 
XV.  430. 

Stuart,  Henry  Benedict  Maria  Clement,  Car¬ 
dinal  York,  XV.  430. 

Stuart,  James,  English  antiquary,  XV.  430. 
Stuart,  John,  earl  of  Bute  :  see  Bute. 

Stuart,  Moses,  American  author,  XV.  430. 
Stub  damask,  stub  twist,  for  gun  barrels,  VII. 
356,  2  c ;  357,  1  a. 

Studdingsail  boom ,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  2  be. 
Studdingsails,  2  c. 

Students ,  senior  and  junior,  at  Oxford,  XII. 

764,  2  b.  Non  ascripti,  765,  2  c. 
STUHL-WEissENBURG[stool-vi'-sen-boorg],  coun¬ 
ty  of  Hungary,  XV.  431.  Capital  city,  1  b. 


722 


STURS 


sudhAuser 


Sture ,  Sten  [stoo'-ra],  regent  of  Sweden,  IY. 

525,  1  a.  Ilis  widow,  2  a. 

Sturgeon,  fish,  XY.  431.  Common  European, 

2  ab  (ill.).  Beluga,  2  c.  Sterlet,  432,  1  a. 
Sharp-nosed  sturgeon,  1  b  (ill.)  ;  short-nosed, 

1  be;  spoon-bill,  1  c. 

Sturleson:  see  Snorri  Sturlason. 

Sturm-  und  Drangperiode  [stoorm  oont  drang- 
pa-re-o'-da],  in  German  literature,  VII.  767, 

2  a.  See  Klinger. 

Sturnella  (ornithology),  XI.  311, 1  c.  S.  magna, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Sturnidce  (ornithology),  XY.  322,  2  b. 

Sturnus  (ornithology),  XY.  322,  2  b.  S.  vul¬ 
garis,  323,  1  a  (ill.,  322). 

Sturt,  Sir  Charles,  English  explorer,  XY.  432. 
Stutsman,  county,  XV.  432. 

Stuttering  :  see  Stammering. 

Stuttgart  [stoot'-gart],  capital  ofWurtemberg, 
XY.  432.  The  old  palace,  433,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Stuyvesant,  Petrus  [stl'-ve-sant],  governor  of 
New  York,  XY.  433. 

Sty,  tumor,  XY.  433. 

Stygic'ola  (ichthyology),  II.  723,  1  be. 

Style,  of  pistil,  XIII.  585,  2  a. 

Style,  Old  and  New  :  see  Calendar,  III.  579, 
2  a,  ff. ;  Chronology,  IY.  558,  2  b. 
Styleph'orus  (ichthyology),  XIY.  306,  1  c. 
Sty'lites  [as  a  personal  adjective,  sti-ll'-teez], 
pillar  saints,  XY.434.  St.  Simeon  Stylites,  1  ab. 
Sty'lobate ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656, 1  b  ;  Ionic, 
657,  1  c ;  Corinthian,  2  c. 

Styloceras  [sti-los'-e-ras],  (zoology),  XII.  47, 1  a. 
Stylospore ,  of  fungi,  VII.  533,  1  b. 

Stylus:  see  Pen,  XIII.  243,  1  b.  Referred  to, 
III.  73,  2  c  (ill.,  74). 

Stymphalian  birds ,  destruction  of  the,  VIII. 
679,  2  a. 

Stympha'lis ,  lake  of  Arcadia,  I.  640,  2  b. 
Styrax:  see  Balsams,  II.  249,  2  ab.  S.  offi¬ 
cinalis,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  benzoin,  545,  1  c  (ill.). 
Styria,  duchy  of  Austria,  XY.  434.  Origin 
of  the  name,  384,  1  b  (Steyer). 

Styx,  in  Greek  mythology,  XY.  434. 

Suabia  :  see  Swabia. 

Suaheli  dialect  [swa-ha'-li],  I.  171,  1  c. 

Suakin  [swa'-kin],  seaport  of  Nubia,  XY.  434. 
Suarez,  Francisco  [swa'-raitli],  Spanish  theo¬ 
logian,  XY.  435. 

Subahdar  [soo-ba'-dar],  Hindoo  viceroy,  IX. 

210,  1  a;  captain,  XIY.  770,  2  be. 

Sub- Apennines,  range  of  Italy,  I.  582,  2  b. 
Suber ,  of  bark,  II.  313,  2  c. 
NR&A#<7ra[soo-ba/-dra],  Hindoo  idol,  IX.  706,  lc. 


Subiaco,  desert  of  [soo-be-a'-ko],  refuge  of  St. 
Benedict,  II.  519,  2  ab. 

Subjective  and  objective  (subject  and  object) : 
see  Identity  (Index). 

Sublimates,  XY.  435,  1  be. 

Sublimation,  XY.  435  ;  YI.  140,  2  c. 

Sublime  Porte,  XY.  435  ;  XVI.  59,  1  a.  See 
Y.  275,  2  b. 

Sublingual  gland,  XIA7.  566,  1  c. 

Submaxillary  gland,  XIY.  566,  1  b. 

Subordinaries,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  a. 

Subpcena,  XY.  435.  See  Chancery,  IV.  258, 1  c. 

Subrahmanya  [soo-bra-man'-ya],  Hindoo  god  of 
war,  IX.  230,  1  be. 

Subrogation,  in  law,  XY.  435. 

Subscription,  in  .law,  XY.  435. 

Subsultus  tendinum,  in  typhus  fever,  VII.  167, 
1  be.  In  typhoid  fever,  168,  1  b. 

Sub'ulo  (zoology),  Y.  761,  1  ab. 

Succession,  in  Roman  law,  YI.  38,  2  b. 

Succinates,  XY.  436,  2  a. 

Succinic  Acid,  XY.  436.  Chemical  formation 
of,  VII.  142,  1  b. 

Succory  :  see  Chiccory. 

Succotash ,  article  of  food,  XI.  43,  2  b. 

Succoth,  VII.  29,  1  c  (Exodus). 

Suchau  [soo-chow'J :  see  Soochow. 

Suchet,  Louis  Gabriel  [su-sha],  duke  of  Albu- 
fera,  French  soldier,  XY.  436. 

SucTc,  the,  in  the  Tennessee  river,  I.  229,  2  a. 

Suckanhock :  see  Wampum. 

Sucker,  fish,  XY.  436.  Common,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
chub,  ib. ;  Missouri  and  buffalo,  437,  1  a. 

Sucker,  atmospheric  toy,  II.  83,  1  a. 

Sucker,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  577,  1  be.  Propaga¬ 
tion  by  suckers,  X.  240,  1  a. 

Suckiaug  (Hartford,  Conn.),  VIII.  488,  2  c. 

Sucking  Fish,  XY.  437.  Mediterranean,  2  a 
(ill.)  ;  Indian,  ib. ;  white-tailed  (shark  suck¬ 
er),  2  ab. 

Suckling,  Sir  John,  English  poet,  XV.  437. 

Su' crates,  XY.  441,  2  b  (Sugar). 

Sucre  [soo'-kra],  capital  of  Bolivia,  XY.  437. 

Sucre,  Antonio  Jos6  de,  S.  American  soldier, 
XY.  437;  III.  15,  2  c. 

Suction  pipe  of  fire  engine ,  invention  of,  VII. 
210,  2  b. 

Suction  pump,  XIY.  82,  1  b  (ill.). 

Sudatoria,  sweating  sickness,  XY.  501,  1  be. 

SuDERMANIA  !  See  SoDERMANLAND. 

Sudetic  Mountains:  see  Germany,  VII. 744, 2  c. 

Sudorifics  :  see  Diaphoretics. 

Sudhduser  [zoot'-hoi-zer],  salt-boiling  houses, 
II.  550,  2  ab. 


SUDRA 


SULPIIO-CARBONATES 


723 


Sudra  religion  [soo'-dra],  IX.  229,  1  be. 

Sudras,  Hindoo  caste,  IX.  206,  2  c ;  225, 2  be,  c. 

Sue,  Marie  Joseph  Eugene,  French  novelist, 
XV.  438. 

Suetonius  Tranquillus,  Cains  [swe-to'-ne-us], 
Roman  historian,  XY.  438  ;  X.  198,  1  ab. 

Sueyi  [swe'-vl],  German  tribe,  XV .  438. 

Su'ez  [properly,  swez  or  swaiz],  isthmus,  XV. 
438.  Gulf,  439,  1  ab.  Town,  2  a  (view). 
Canal,  III.  688,  2  c ;  X.  370, 1  b. 

Suffavean  dynasty ,  of  Persia,  XIII.  323,  1  c. 

Suffete ,  Carthaginian  magistrate,  IV.  37,  1  a. 

Suffocation  :  see  Asphyxia. 

Suffocatio  stridula  (croup),  V.  517,  1  b. 

Suffolk,  two  counties,  XV.  439. 

Suffolk,  county  of  England,  XV .  440. 

Suffolk,  county  seat,  XII.  131,  1  c. 

Suffolk  dank  system ,  II.  281,  1  a. 

Suffragan ,  bishop,  as  related  to  the  archbishop, 
I.  646,  1  b. 

Suffrage ,  right  of,  taken  from  free  colored  men 
in  X.  Carolina,  VII.  644,  1  b. 

Sufis  [soo'-feez],  Mohammedan  sect,  XV.  440. 
Their  doctrines,  XIII.  320,  1  a. 

Sufism ,  XIII.  320,  1  a ;  XI.  699,  1  be. 

Sugar,  XV.  440.  Natural  sugars,  2  a.  Sac- 
charimetry,  442, 1  ab  (ill.,  443).  Sugar  cane, 
444,  1  a  (ill.) ;  origin  of,  445,  1  a ;  culture 
of,  1  b.  Manufacture  of  cane  sugar,  2  c. 
Sugar  refining,  446,  2  c.— Beet  sugar,  447, 
2  be ;  II.  471,  2  ab.  Maple  sugar,  XV.  448, 2  a; 
production  and  trade,  2  b.  Grape  sugar, 
440,  2  c;  XI.  44,  2  a.  Sugar  from  palm 
juice,  XIII.  19,  2  c.  Adulteration  of,  I.  133, 
2  a.  Transformation  of  cane  sugar  and  milk 
sugar  into  alcohol  and  carbonic  acid,  VII. 
142, 1  c.  Extraction  of  sugar  from  the  beet 
and  cane  by  dialysis,  VI.  72,  2  c. 

Sugarberry ,  tree,  VIII.  365,  2  b. 

Sugar  bird,  VIII.  264,  2  a. 

Sugar  bush  (maple  orchard),  XI.  139,  1  b. 

Sugarloaf  mountain ,  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30, 1  a. 

Sugar  of  Lead  :  see  Lead,  X.  246,  1  ab ;  I. 
61,  2  b. 

Sugar  of  Milk  :  see  Milk,  Sugar  of. 

Sugar  pear ,  bush,  IX.  713,  2  c. 

Sugar  pine ,  of  California,  III.  606,  1  c. 

Sugar  seaweed  (dulse),  I.  299,  2  c. 

Sugden,  Edicard  Burtenshaw :  see  Saint  Leon¬ 
ards. 

Suggillation,  in  a  dead  body,  XI.  339,  2  a. 

Suhul ,  Michael  [soo-hool'],  Abyssinian  chief, 
I.  46,  2  a. 

Suicide  :  see  Felo  de  Se. 


Su'idas,  Greek  lexicographer,  XV.  449. 

Suidger  [swid'-gher],  (Pope  Clement  II.),  IV. 
660,  2  b. 

Suindinum :  see  Mans,  Le. 1 

Suint  [swint],  gas  from,  VII.  640,  1  ab. 

Suirah  [swe'-rah] :  see  Mogadore. 

Suisse  [sti-eece] :  see  Switzerland. 

Suisun  bay  [swe-soon'],  XIV.  605,  2  b. 

Sukhum  Kaleh  [soo'-koom  ka'-leh],  Russian 
town  in  Abkhasia,  I.  26,  2  be  (pop.  3,000). 

Sula  (ornithology),  VII.  613,  1  a;  III.  73,  1  a. 
S.  bassana,  VII.  613,  1  a,  c  (ill.) ;  fusca  (S. 
fiber),  III.  73,  1  a  (ilk)* 

Suleiman  [soo-la-man7] :  see  Solyman  II. 

Suli  [soo'-le],  castle  of,  XV.  449,  2  ab. 

Sulina  channel  [soo-le'-na],  of  the  Danube,  V. 
681,  1  c. 

Suliotes,  XV.  449 ;  I.  311,  1  b. 

Sulla,  Lucius  Cornelius  (Felix),  Roman  dicta¬ 
tor,  XV.  449. 

Sullivan,  six  counties,  XV.  450. 

Sullivan ,  county  seat,  XV.  451,  2  a. 

Sullivan,  Arthur  S.,  English  composer,  XV. 
451. 

Sullivan,  John,  American  general,  XV.  451. 
George,  lawyer,  452,  1  c.  James,  governor 
of  Massachusetts,  ib.  William,  lawyer,  2  a. 
John  Langdon,  engineer,  2  b. 

Sullivan’s  Island  :  see  Moultrie,  Fort. 

Sullivant,  William  Starling,  American  bota¬ 
nist,  XV.  452. 

Sullivantia  (botany),  XV.  453,  1  a. 

Sully,  county,  XV.  453. 

Sully,  Henry ,  application  of  friction  wheels 
by,  VII.  491,  2  b. 

Sully,  Maximilien  de  Bethune  [sii-le],  baron 
de  Rosny,  French  statesman,  XV.  453. 

Sully,  Thomas,  American  painter,  XV.  453. 

Sulphates,  XV.  453.  Of  alumina,  2  ab ;  of 
barium,  2  c ;  of  calcium  and  chromium,  ib. ; 
of  copper,  454,  1  a;  of  iron,  1  b.  Other 
metallic  sulphates,  1  c.  Alcoholic  sulphates, 
2  a.  Sulphate  of  soda :  see  Glauber’s  Salt. 

Sulphides,  XV.  454.  Bisulphide  of  carbon, 
2c:  see  Carbon  Disulphide.  Sulphide  of 
chlorine,  455,  1  ab.  Mercaptan,  1  b.  Sul¬ 
phide  of  calcium,  X.  478,  1  c. 

Sulphindigotic  acid,  VI.  341,  2  be. 

Sulphindylic  acid,  IX.  251,  1  c. 

Sulphion,  XIV.  583,  1  a. 

Sulphites,  XV.  455.  Sulphite  of  lime,  X.  478, 
2  ab. 

Sulpho-acids,  XV.  455,  2  c. 

Sulpho-carbonates,  III.  773,  2  a. 


724: 


STTLPHO-CARBONIC 


SUNDA 


Sulpho-carbonic  acid ,  XY.  454,  2  c.  See  Car¬ 
bon  Disulphide. 

Sulpho-cyanide  of  ally  le,  XII.  105,  2  c. 
Sulpho-cyanogen ,  in  saliva,  YI.  105,  1  a. 
Sulpho-methylic  acid,  XY.  454,  2  b. 
Sulpho-sinapisine  [-sin-a'-pe-zin],  XII.  105,  2  c. 
Sulphosion,  XIY.  583,  1  a. 

Sulpho-vinic  acid ,  I.  264,  2  a;  XV.  454,  2  a. 
Sulphur,  XV.  455.  Where  found,  456,  1  a. 
How  obtained,  1  ab.  Properties,  1  c.  Roll 
sulphur,  or  brimstone,  457,  1  a ;  flowers  of 
sulphur,  ib.  Compounds,  1  c.  Medical 
properties  and  uses,  458,  1  ab. — Sulphur  in 
iron,  IX.  370,  2  a;  in  steel,  XY.  356,  2  b. 
Sulphur  alcohol ,  III.  772,  2  b. 

Sulphuret  of  lead:  see  Galena  (ore). 
Sulphurets :  see  Sulphides. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  :  see  Hydrosulphu- 
rig  Acid.  Odor  of,  VII.  144,  1  b.  Gas, 
discovered,  II.  558,  1  c. 

Sulphu'ric  Acid,  XY.  458.  Discoverer  of, 
and  his  mode  of  obtaining  it,  1  c.  Process 
of  manufacture,  ib.,  If.  Distillation  of  Nord- 
hausen  acid,  2  a  (ill.).  English  process,  2  c. 
Class-room  apparatus,  459,  2  a  (ill.).  Pla¬ 
tinum  retort,  2  c  (ill.,  460).  Properties, 

460,  1  be.  As  an  antiseptic,  XII.  61,  1  be. 
Sulphuric  Ether:  see  Ether,  YI.  747,  1  be. 
Sul'phurous  Acid  :  see  Sulphur,  XY.  457, 1  c, 

2  a,  be,  c;  Disinfectants,  YI.  134,  2  ab. 
Sulphurous  anhydride ,  XY.  457,  1  c,  2  a,  b. 
Sulphur  springs:  see  Mineral  Springs,  XI. 
593,  1  c. 

Sulphur  Springs ,  county  seat,  VIII.  811,  2  b. 
Sulphydric  acid :  see  Hydrosulphuric  Acid. 
Sulpician  law,  Roman,  IY.  599,  1  be. 
Sulpicians,  Roman  Catholic  congregation  of 
priests,  XV.  460 ;  XI.  731,  1  a. 

Sulpicius  Severus,  Roman  historian,  XY.  461. 
Sul'tan  [correctly,  sool-tan'],  of  Turkey,  XYI. 
59,  1  a. 

Sulu  [soo-loo'J :  see  Sooloo. 

Sumach  [su'-mak  or  shoo'-mak],  plant,  XY. 

461,  Four  groups,  2  ab;  462,  1  ab,  b,  2  a. 
Smooth  sumach,  461,  2  ab  (ill.) ;  cut-leaved, 
2  c;  stag’s-horn,  ib.  ;  dwarf  or  mountain, 

462,  1  a;  fragrant,  1  b;  Venetian,  or  smoke 
tree,  1  be  (ill.).  Poison  ivy,  2  b  (ill.).  Poi¬ 
son  sumach,  2  c  (ill.).  Coral  sumach,  463, 
1  be.  Sumach  of  commerce,  1  c.  Japan 
wax,  2  ab  ;  lacquer,  2  b.  China  galls,  2  c  (ill.). 

Sumarokoff,  Alexei  Petrovitch  [soo-ma-rok'- 
6ff],  Russian  dramatist,  XY.  464. 

Sumatra  [soo-ma'-tra],  island,  XY.  464.  (Map.) 


Divisions,  1  b.  Physical  conformation,  1  c. 
Coast,  2  be.  Rivers,  465,  1  a.  Climate,  1  b. 
Vegetation,  ib.  Fauna,  1  c.  Inhabitants, 
2  ab.  Industries,  2  c.  History,  466,  1  a. 
Sumbawa  [soom-ba'-wa],  island,  XY.  466.  Mt. 
Tomboro,  2  a. 

Summation  tones,  in  harmony,  VIII.  469,  1  c. 
Summer,  season  of  the  year,  XY.  466.  Indian 
summer,  2  be. 

Summer  duck:  see  Wood  Duck. 

Summerfield,  John,  American  clergyman,  XY. 
466. 

Summer  haw ,  plant,  XY.  722,  1  c. 

Summer  Red  Bird:  see  Tanager,  XY.  563,  2  c. 
Summers,  county,  XY.  467. 

Summers,  Thomas  Osmond,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XY.  467. 

Summerside,  county  seat,  XIII.  838,  2  b. 
Summerville ,  county  seat,  IY.  341,  2  a. 
Summit,  three  counties,  XY.  467. 

Summons,  in  law :  see  Process,  XIY.  24,  2  c. 

Service  of  summons,  849,  2  c. 

Sumner,  three  counties,  XY.  467. 

Sumner,  county  seat,  XY.  467,  2  c. 

Sumner,  Charles,  American  statesman,  XV.  468. 
Sumner,  John  Bird,  English  clergyman,  XY. 
469. 

Sumpter,  county  seat,  XY.  870,  2  a. 

Sumter,  four  counties,  XY.  469. 

Sumter,  confederate  steamship :  see  Semmes, 
XIY.  763,  1  b. 

Sumter,  Fort,  XY.  470. 

Sumter,  Thomas,  American  revolutionary  gen¬ 
eral,  XY.  470. 

Sumter  Court  House,  county  seat,  XY.  469,  2  c. 
Sun,  XY.  470.  Motion  of,  312,  1  be;  471, 1  b. 
Surface,  1  c;  spots,  2  a;  dots  and  faculse, 

472,  2  be.  Solar  eclipses,  phenomena  of, 

473,  1  a.  Prominences,  ib.,  and  2  ab;  dis¬ 
tribution  of,  474,  2  a  (ill.).  Sierra  or  chro¬ 
mosphere,  473,  2  a.  Solar  explosion,  2  c 
(ills.,  474).  Corona,  474,  2  ab.  Solar  atmos¬ 
phere,  475,  2  ab.  Solar  heat,  2  c.  Physical 
constitution  of  the  sun,  476,  2  a.  Spherical 
domain  of,  XIII.  569,  2  be. 

Sun,  fountain  of  the ,  XY.  73,  1  b,  be ;  XII. 
560,  2  b. 

Sun  Bird,  XY.  476.  Fiery -tailed  (ill.),  477. 
Guitguits,  1  b. 

Sunburt,  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  XY.  477. 
Sunbury,  county  of  Hew  Brunswick,  XY.  477. 
Sunda  Islands,  Indian  archipelago,  XY.  477. 
Sunda  language,  IX.  578,  1  b. 

Sunda  ox,  XYI.  808,  1  c. 


SUXDA 


SURVEYING 


725 


Sunda  Strait,  XV.  477. 

Sunday,  XV.  477.  See  Lord’s  Day. 

Sunday  laws ,  X.  G36,  1  ab. 

Sunday  Schools,  XV.  477.  Statistics,  478,  1  c. 
Sunderbunds,  tract  in  British  India,  XV.  478  ; 

VII.  610,  2  a;  II.  523,  2  c. 

Sunderland,  town  of  England,  XV.  478. 
Sunderland,  Robert  Spencer,  second  earl  of, 
English  statesman,  XV.  479.  Charles  Spen¬ 
cer,  third  earl  of,  1  b. 

Sundese ,  people  of  Java,  IX.  575,  1  c. 
Sundevall, classification  of  birds  by,  XII.  708,1a. 
Sundew,  plant,  XV.  479.  Round-leaved,  2  b 
(ill.) ;  leaf  of,  for  entrapping  and  digesting 
insects,  480,  1  ab-2  c  (ills.).  Long-leaved, 
479,  1  be;  short-leaved,  1  c;  slender,  ib. ; 
thread-leaved,  ib.  (ill.,  480).  See  Insectivo¬ 
rous  Plants. 

Sun  dial ,  IV.  695,  2  a.  See  Dial. 

Sun  dog ,  VIII.  406,  2  a  (Halo). 

Sun  drops ,  plants,  XII.  585,  2  b. 

Sun  Fish,  XV.  480.  Common,  481,  1  b  (ill.). 

See  Jelly  Fish,  IX.  601, 1  c  (ill.),  and  Bream. 
Sunflower,  plant,  XV.  481.  Common,  2  a. 
Garden  sunflower,  2  c  (ill.).  Other  species, 
482,  1  a. 

Sunflower,  county,  XV.  482. 

Sung  aria  :  see  Turkistan,  XVI.  67,  1  ab. 
Sung  dynasty ,  in  China,  X.  59,  2  c. 

Sunk  country ,  the,  of  Missouri,  VI.  361,  2  be ; 

XII.  314,  1  be;  XV.  393,  2  ab. 

Sunna  [soon'-na],  Mohammedan  traditions,  XV. 
482. 

Sunn  hemp ,  VIII.  633,  2  be  (ill.) ;  XIV.  91,  1  c. 
Sunnis  [soon-neez'J :  see  Sunna  ;  IX.  428, 1  be ; 
IV.  54,  2  c.  Sunnis  and  Shiahs,  I.  311,  2  a; 
624,  1  c. 

Sunny  side:  see  Tarrytown,  XV.  574,  1  ab. 
Sunstroke,  XV.  482.  Symptoms,  1  c.  Treat¬ 
ment,  483,  1  ab. 

Sun  worship ,  grounds  of,  VIII.  567,  1  b  ;  XII. 
116,  1  a.  Practice  of,  II.  37,  la;  VIII.  619, 
1  c;  VI.  464,  1  a;  XII.  117,  1  a,  2  a;  XIV. 
150,  1  c  ;  XIII.  342,  1  a.  See  Sabaism. 
Suovetaurilia ,  Roman  sacrifices,  X.  725,  2  a. 
Super-calenders ,  sheet ,  XIII.  50,  2  a. 
Supercargo,  XV.  483 ;  VII.  54,  1  c. 

Superior,  Lake,  XV.  483.  Pictured  Rocks, 
484,  1  b. 

Superior  City ,  county  seat,  VI.  221,  2  c. 
Superior  oblique  muscle ,  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  2  c. 
Superiors ,  Jesuit ,  IX.  627,  1  b. 

Superphosphate ,  manure,  composition  of,  III. 
64,  1  be. 


“  Superposition  of  displacements ,”  law  of,  XV. 
180,  2  ab  (Sound). 

Super  speculum,  bull  of  Pius  V.,  IX.  195,  2  a. 
Suphis  [soo'-fis],  Egyptian  king,  IV.  374,  2  c. 
Supperuksoak ,  Esquimaux  deity,  VI.  729,  2  be. 
Supplementary  hypothesis:  see  Pentateuch, 
XIII.  276,  2  a. 

Supporters ,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  be. 
Supranaturalists ,  in  theology,  XV.  695,  1  c. 
Supra-pubic  operation ,  for  the  stone,  XV.  398, 
2  a;  399,  1  a. 

Supreme  court ,  of  England,  V.  430,  1  be ; 
XIII.  608,  1  c.  Of  the  United  States,  V. 
433,  1  a;  XVI.  141,  2  b;  chief  justices  of 
the,  188,  1  c. 

Surajah  Dowlah:  see  Clive,  IV.  693,  ff.,  and 
India,  IX.  210,  1  a. 

Surat', town  and  collectorate  of  India,  XV.484. 
Surety,  in  law,  XV.  484.  See  Guaranty. 
Surf  Bird,  XV.  485. 

Surgeon,  bird :  see  Jacana,  IX.  480,  2  a. 
Surgery,  XV.  485.  In  ancient  times,  2  a; 
modern,  486,  2  b.  Legal  obligations  of  sur¬ 
geons,  487,  2  c.  First  modern  work  of  im¬ 
portance  on :  see  Chauliac. 

Surgical  anatomy ,  I.  461,  1  a. 

Suricata  capensis  (zoology),  XV.  488,  1  c. 
Su'ricate,  animal,  XV.  488  (ill.). 

Surinam'  :  see  Guiana,  VIII.  303,  1  a. 
Surinam,  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  XV.  488. 
Surmullet ,  fish,  XII.  37,  1  a. 

Surnames ,  XII.  127,  2  b.  In  Irish  families, 
first  required,  III.  264,  1  a. 

Surnia  (ornithology),  XII.  756,  1  a.  S.  ulula, 
ib.  (ill.). 

Surrebutter ,  in  pleading,  XIII.  607,  2  c. 
Surrejoinder ,  in  pleading,  XIII.  607,  2  c. 
Surrentum :  see  Sorrento. 

Surrey,  county  of  England,  XV.  488. 

Surrey,  Henry  Howard,  earl  of,  English  poet, 

XV.  488. 

Surrey  chapel ,  London,  X.  598,  2  c. 

Surrogate  :  see  Probate,  XIV.  23,  1  be,  and 

XVI.  627,  1  c. 

Surry,  two  counties,  XV.  489. 

Surry  Court  House ,  county  seat,  XV.  489, 1  b. 
Surstrbmming ,  preparation  of  fish,  III.  139, 1  b. 
Surturbrandr ,  a  kind  of  coal,  IX.  151,  2  a. 
Surumpe  [soo-room-pa'],  inflammation  of  the 
eyes,  III.  14,  1  ab;  XIII.  338,  1  a. 
Surveying,  XV.  489.  Systems  of,  2  ab.  In¬ 
struments  for,  and  how  used,  2  be ;  490, 
1  ab,  c;  492,  2  a.  Surveys  of  U.  S.  public 
lands,  491, 1  c.  Plane  surveying:  see  Geod- 


726 


SURVEYORS 


SWEATING 


E8T ;  topographical :  see  Coast  Survey,  IV . 
790, 1  c  ;  maritime :  see  Hydrography. 

Surveyors ,  caterpillars,  IV.  106,  2  ab. 

Surveyor's  chain:  see  Gunter,  Edmund.  Sur¬ 
veyor’s  cross,  XV.  490,  1  b,  492,  2  a. 

Surville,  Marguerite  El6onore  Clotilde  de  "V  al- 
lon-Chalys  de  [siir-veel],  reputed  French  au¬ 
thoress,  XV.  492. 

Survilliers ,  Count  de  [sur-ve-ya],  assumed  name, 
III.  31, 1  ab. 

Survival  of  the  fittest,  principle  of,  VII.  14, 1  b. 

Survivorship  annuity ,  I.  534,  2  c.  Survivor¬ 
ship  policy,  X.  434,  2  b. 

Surya  [soor'-ya],  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  223,2  ab,  be. 

Sus  [soos],  territory  of  Morocco,  XV.  492. 

Sus  (zoology),  VIII.  756,  2  c.  S.  scrofa,  ih. ; 
aper,  II.  763,  2  c  (ill.,  764);  babirusa  (ill.), 
191,  2  c. 

Susa,  ancient  city  of  Persia,  XV.  493.  Site  of, 
ih. VI.  41,  1  c. 

Susanville ,  county  seat,  X.  181,  1  b. 

Susiana,  in  ancient  geography,  XV .  493.  See 
Elam,  and  Khuzistan. 

Susii ,  Persian  tribe,  referred  to,  XV.  493,  1  c. 

Susis :  see  Susiana. 

Suso,  Heinrich  [zoo'-zo],  German  writer,  XV. 
493. 

Suspension  Bridge,  village  of  New  Y  ork,  XII. 
419,  2  a. 

Suspension  bridges :  see  Bridge,  III.  273,  1  c 
(ills.).  At  Niagara  falls,  274,  2  ab ;  XIII. 
417,  2  c. 

Suspensory  ligament,  of  the  liver,  X.  536,  2  be. 

Suspensurce,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  383,  1  b. 

Susquehanna,  river,  XV.  493. 

Susquehanna,  county,  XV.  493. 

Susquehannas  :  see  Conestogas. 

Sussex,  three  counties,  XV.  494. 

Sussex,  county  of  England,  XV.  494. 

Sussex,  duTce  of:  see  Este,  VI.  739,  2  c. 

Sussex  Court  House,  county  seat,  XV.  494,  2  a. 

Sussmaier  [zus'-ml-er],  (or  Sussmeyer,  Franz 
Xaver,  1766-1803),  pupil  of  Mozart,  XII.  23, 
2b;  24,  1  ab. 

Sutherland,  county  of  England,  XV.  494. 

Sutherland,  George  Granville  Leveson  Gower, 
duke  of,  XV.  494. 

Sutlej,  river  of  India,  XV.  495. 

Sutras  [soo'-tras],  in  Hindoo  literature,  IX. 
222,  2  a,  b.  Sfitra  period,  2  c. 

Sutro  tunnel,  Nevada,  1. 122,  2  b  ;  XII.  265,  2  c. 

Suttee',  self-immolation  of  Hindoo  widows, 
XV.  495.  Suppression  of,  2  a. 

Sutter  [soot'-er],  county,  XV.  495. 


Sutter,  John  Augustus,  American  pioneer,  XV. 
495. 

Sutton ,  county  seat,  III.  215,  2  c. 

Sutton,  Amos,  English  missionary,  XV.  496. 
Suvaroff,  Alexei  Vasilievitch,  count  [soo-va'- 
rof],  Russian  soldier,  XV.  496. 

Suvorojf:  see  Suvaroff. 

Suwalki  [soo-val'-ke],  government  of  Poland, 
XV.  496.  Capital,  2  b. 

Suwanee :  see  Suwannee. 

Suwan'nee,  county,  XV.  496.  River,  VII. 
280,  1  c. 

Suwarrow  :  see  Suvaroff. 

Sveaborg  [sva'-a-borg],  fortress  of  Finland, 
XV.  496. 

Svertchkoff',  Nikolai,  Russian  artist,  XV .  497. 
Svetchin :  see  Swetchine. 

Sviatovist,  Slavic  deity,  XV.  104,  2  a. 

Swabia,  region  of  Germany,  XV.  497. 

Swabian  dialect ,  allusion  to,  I.  271,  2  a. 
Swahian  league ,  XIII.  216,  1  a.  “  Great  Swa¬ 
bian  league”  of  1488,  XV.  497,  2  a. 

Swaga,  native  borax,  III.  88,  2  be. 

Swain,  county,  XV.  497. 

Swain,  Charles,  English  poet,  XV.  497. 
Swainsborough,  county  seat,  VI.  557,  1  a. 
Swainson,  William,  English  naturalist,  XV. 
497.  His  classification  of  birds,  XII.  706, 
2c;  of  fishes,  IX.  161,  1  a;  of  reptiles,  VIII. 
694,  1  b. 

Swallow,  bird,  XV.  498.  Chimney  swallow, 

1  c,  520,  1  c  (Swift)  ;  barn,  498,  2  a  (ill.) ; 
cliff,  2  c  ;  white-bellied,  499, 1  b  (ill.)  ;  bank 
or  sand,  2  a  (ill.).  Esculent  swallow,  520, 

2  b  (Swift).  Sea  swallow,  XIII.  365,  2  b. 
Swallowwort,  Virginia,  XI.  546, 1  a  (Milkweed). 
Swammerdam,  Johannes,  Dutch  entomologist, 

XV.  499.  His  classification  of  insects,  VI. 
658,  2  c. 

Swan,  bird,  XV.  499.  European  wild  swan, 

500,  1  b;  tame,  1  c  (ill.);  American  or 
whistling,  2  b ;  trumpeter,  2  c.  Black  swan, 

501,  1  a.  Age  of  the  swan,  I.  182,  2  b. 
Swan  La~ke,  county  seat,  XVI.  70,  2  a. 

Swan  of  Holland:  see  Heinsius,  Nicolaas. 
Swan  of  Lichfield:  see  Seward,  Anna. 

Swann,  quarrel  with  Gen.  Jackson,  IX.  487, 1  c. 
Swan  Quarter,  county,  seat,  IX.  104,  1  b. 

Swan  River:  see  Western  Australia,  XVI. 

562,  2  ab. 

Swansea,  town  of  Wales,  XV.  501. 

Swash ,  the ,  channel,  VIII.  103,  1  a. 

Swatopluk,  prince  of  Moravia,  V.  620,  1  c. 
Sweating  process ,  for  separating  alloys,  I.  336, 


SWEATING 


SYBEL 


727 


1  a.  For  reducing  coins,  XI.  617,  1  b.  In 
tanning,  X.  273,  2  b. 

Sweating  Sickness,  XV.  501.  Description,  1  c. 

Treatment,  2  ab.  Appearances  in  Europe,  2  b. 
Swedbeeg,  Jesper  [sved'-bairg],  Swedish  cler¬ 
gyman,  XV.  501. 

Sweden,  kingdom,  XV.  501.  (Map.)  Coast,  502, 

1  a.  Surface,  1  b.  Lakes  and  rivers,  1  c. 
Geology  and  minerals,  2  be.  Soil  and  cli¬ 
mate,  503,  1  be.  Flora,  2  a.  Fauna,  2  be. 
Political  divisions,  504, 1  a.  Population,  2  a. 
Manufactures,  505, 1  a.  Commerce,  1  b.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  1  c.  Money,  weights,  &c., 

2  c.  Government,  506,  1  b.  Finances,  507, 

1  ab.  Army  and  navy,  2  a.  Religion,  2  c. 
Education,  508,  1  b.  History,  2  a.  Inde¬ 
pendence  of,  VIII.  337,  1  a :  see  Christian 
II.  WTar  between  Sweden  and  Napoleon  I., 
VIII.  340,  1  c. 

Sweden,  Language  and  Literature  of,  XV.  510 ; 
I.  171,  2  b. 

Swedenborg,  Emanuel,  Swedish  philosopher, 
XV.  515. 

“  Swedes :”  see  Turnip,  XVI.  75,  1  c. 

Swedish  and  Danish  languages ,  origin  of  the, 
VII.  741,  1  b. 

Swedish  turnips ,  XVI.  75,  1  c ;  II.  471,  1  c. 

“  Sweet,'1'1  in  lead  smelting,  X.  257,  2  a. 

Sweet  bay,  plant,  XI.  19,  1  ab. 

Sweetbread:  see  TnYMus  Gland,  and  XIII. 36,1  a. 
Sweet  Brier  :  see  Eglantine,  VI.  452,  1  be  ; 

Kose,  XIV.  434,  1  a  (ill.). 

Sweet  calabash ,  VIII.  149,  1  c. 

Sweet  fern,  plant,  II.  407,  1  be. 

Sweet  gale  ( myrica  gale),  plant,  II.  407,  1  b,  c. 
Sweet  Gum:  see  Liquidambar.  A  name  of 
the  liackberry,  VIII.  365,  2  b. 

Sweet  Potato  :  see  Potato,  Swreet. 

Sweet  sop,  fruit,  V.  592,  2  c. 

Sweetwater,  county,  XV.  519. 

Sweet  William  :  see  Pink,  XIII.  531,  1  a  (ill., 
530). 

Swell  fsh,  XIV.  739,  1  c  (ill.). 

Swells,  in  coal  mines,  V.  67,  1  a. 

Swetchine,  Anne  Sophie  [svetch-een],  French 
writer,  XV.  519. 

Siceyn  [swain],  (Dan.  Sven),  Danish  king,  his 
invasions  and  conquest  of  England,  III.  731, 
2c;  VI.  745,  2  a. 

Swieten,  Gerard  van  [van  swe'-ten],  Dutch 
physician,  XV.  519. 

Swietenia  mahagoni  (botany),  XI.  25,  1  c. 
Swift,  bird,  XV.  519.  Common  European,  or 
black  martin,  520,  1  a.  White-bellied,  1  ab 


(ill.).  American,  or  chimney  swallow,  1  c. 
Esculent  swift  or  swallow,  2  b  (ill.). 

Swift,  county,  XV.  520. 

Swift,  Jonathan,  British  author,  XV.  520. 

“  Tale  of  a  Tub,”  its  influence  on  his  pre¬ 
ferment  in  the  church,  521,  1  c.  Refused 
a  bishopric,  2  b.  Relations  to  V arina,  Stella, 
and  Vanessa,  2  c,  If.  “  Drapier’s  Letters,” 
522,  1  c.  Supposed  indebtedness  to  Ber¬ 
gerac,  II.  557,  2  ab. 

Swill-milk  disease,  of  cattle,  XII.  59,  1  c. 

Swim,  the  :  see  Air  Bladder. 

Swimming,  XV.  522.  Directions  for  learning 
to  float,  523,  1  a ;  to  swim  on  the  chest,  1  ab. 
The  side  stroke,  1  c ;  the  overhand  stroke, 

2  ab.  Speed  attained,  2  b.  Swimming  on 
the  back,  ib. ;  treading  water,  ib.  Diving, 

2  be ;  floating  on  the  back,  2  c.  Assisting 
one  drowning,  ib.  Remarkable  feats  of 
swimming,  524,  2  a,  ff. 

Swinburne,  Algernon  Charles,  English  poet, 
XV.  524. 

Swine  :  see  Hog. 

Swine  beans,  VIII.  634,  2  c. 

Swine  pox,  IV.  420,  1  c. 

Swingle-tail,  shark,  XIV.  829,  2  a  (ill.). 

Swingling  knife,  for  dressing  flax,  VII.  264,  2  c. 

Switch,  of  a  railroad,  XIV.  181,  1  b.  Switch 
tender,  ib. 

Switzerland,  republic,  XV.  524.  (Map.)  To¬ 
pography,  2  be.  Geology  and  minerals,  525, 

1  c.  Climate,  2  a.  Productions,  2  b.  Ani¬ 
mals,  2  c.  Manufactures,  526, 1  a.  Political 
divisions,  1  b.  Population,  2  a.  Eeligion,  2  c. 
Education,  527, 1  b.  Periodicals,  2  a.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  2  ab.  Finances,  528,  2  a.  Army, 

2  be.  History,  529,  1  ab.  Permanent  neu¬ 
trality,  XII.  259,  2  c. 

Switzerland,  county,  XV.  533. 

Sword,  a  weapon,  XV.  533.  Ancient  forms 
of,  1  c  (ills.).  The  most  famous,  2  b.  Manu¬ 
facture  of,  2  c.  Small  sword  for  fencing, 
534,  1  a.  Broadsword,  ib. 

Sword  Fish,  XV.  534.  Common,  1  c  (ill.). 

“  Sword  for  the  knots  of  academicians :”  see 
Chrysippus. 

Sword  lily :  see  Gladiolus. 

Swords,  of  a  loom,  XVI.  523,  2  a. 

Swynford,  Lady  Catharine,  wife  of  John  of 
Gaunt,  II.  425,  1  be ;  IX.  655,  1  be. 

Syb'aris,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  XV .  534 ;  \  . 
352,  2  a. 

Sybel,  Heinrich  von  [ze'-bel],  German  his¬ 
torian,  XV.  534. 


728 


SYCAMORE 


SYRIAC 


Sycamore,  tree,  XV.  535. 

Sycamore ,  county  seat,  V.  766,  1  b. 

Sycamore  maple ,  XI.  140,  1  a  (ill.). 

Sycee ',  Chinese  silver  bullion,  IV.  452,  1  a. 
Sychar ,  and  Sychem :  see  Shechem. 

Syc'orus ,  of  the  fig,  VII.  183,  1  be. 

Sydenham  [sid'-en-um],  England  (8  m.  S.  of 
London  bridge),  crystal  palace  at,  IX.  259, 

1  c;  decorative  painting  of,  679,2  c.  Aqua¬ 
rium  at,  I.  610,  2  c. 

Sydenham,  Floyer,  English  scholar,  XV.  535. 
Sydenham,  Thomas,  physician,  XV.  535.  Syd¬ 
enham  society,  2  a. 

Sydney,  capital  of  New  South  Wales,  XV.  535. 
Parliament  buildings,  2  c  (ill.).  Sydney  water 
works,  III.  138,  1  a  (Botany). 

Sydney,  capital  of  Cape  Breton,  XV.  536. 
Sydney ,  Sir  Philip :  see  Sidney. 

Sydney  Yendys,  nom  de  plume,  VI.  164,  1  c. 
Sydow,  Karl  Leopold  Adolf  [ze'-do],  German 
theologian,  XV.  536. 

Syene  [si-e'-ne] :  see  Asswan. 

Sy'enite  :  see.  Granite,  VIII.  152,  2  b.  Sye¬ 
nites,  XI.  588,  1  ab. 

Sylla  :  see  Sulla. 

Syllab'ic  alphabets ,  I.  348,  2  a. 

Syllabus,  collection  of  propositions  con¬ 
demned  by  Pius  IX.,  XV.  536. 

Syllogism ,  in  logic,  X.  579,  1  a;  conditional, 

2  a ;  hypothetical,  ib. ;  disjunctive,  2  ab. 
Syllogistics,  Aristotle's ,  I.  706,  2  b. 

Sylva’nus  (Constantine),  XIII.  177,  2  ab. 
Sylvanus  Urban ,  pseudonyme,  XIII.  296,  1  a. 
Sylvester,  two  popes,  XV.  537. 

Sylvester ,  inferior  cochineal,  IV.  779,  1  ab. 
Sylvia  atricapilla  (ornithology),  II.  676,  1  c 
(ill.).  S.  hortensis,  437,  1  a. 

Sylvi'adce  (ornithology),  II.  437,  1  a. 

Sylvine  [siT-vin],  IV.  501,  2  a;  XIII.  759,  2  c. 
Sylvius,  Jacobus,  French  anatomist,  XV.  538. 

Fissure  of  Sylvius,  1  b;  III.  191,  2  ab. 
Symbolon  Portus ,  bay  of  Balaklava,  II.  231,  2  b. 
Symbols,  Chemical,  XV.  538. 

Syme,  James,  Scottish  surgeon,  XV.  539. 

Syme’s  operation,  1  be. 

Symmaohus,  Ccelius  [sim'-ma-kus],  a  pope  and 
saint,  XV.  539 ;  I.  385,  1  a. 

Symmaohus,  Quintus  Aurelius,  Roman  author, 
XV.  539. 

Symmes,  John  Cleves  [slmz],  American  soldier, 
XV.  539. 

Symmetrical  affections,  in  pathology,  III.  310,2b. 
Sympathetic  Ink  :  see  Ink,  IX.  284,  1  b  ;  Bis¬ 
muth,  II.  667, 1  be;  Cobalt,  IV.  767,  1  c. 


Sympathetic  system ,  of  nervea,  XII.  234,  2  c; 
238,  1  c. 

Symphony,  in  music,  XV.  539;  XII.  90,  2  c. 
Symphoricarpus  (botany),  XV.  136,  1  b.  S. 
raceinosus,  2  a  (ill.) ;  occidentals,  ib. ;  vul¬ 
garis,  ib. 

Sym'phytum  officina’le  (botany),  V.  141,  2  a 
(ill.). 

Sympleg'ades  :  see  Argonauts,  I.  696,  2  c. 
Symplocarpus  (botany),  XV.  82,  2  c.  S.  foeti- 
dus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Symposium ,  Plato's ,  groundwork  of,  1. 179,  2  b. 
Synagogue,  Jewish  place  of  worship,  XV.  540. 
The  great  (“men  of  the  great  assembly”): 
see  Hebrews,  VIII.  591,  1  a. 

Synapta  (zoology),  XIV.  727,  2  c.  S.  Duver- 
na9  (ill.),  728. 

Synaspismus,  Greek attackingcolumn,I.  740, 2a. 
Syncope  [sing'-ko-pe],  swoon,  III.  197,  2  c. 

Treatment  of,  198,  1  ab. 

Syncretism,  plan  of  church  union,  III.  619,  1  b. 
Synergistic  controversy ,  in  the  Lutheran  church, 
X.  733,  1  b. 

Synesius,  Greek  philosopher,  XV.  540. 
Syn’gnathus  (ichthyology),  VII.  239,  2  a;  X. 
635,  1  c;  XIII.  536,  1  ab.  S.  Peckianus, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Synod,  in  church  organization  :  Presbyterian, 
XIII.  809,  1  b ;  Reformed  (Dutch)  church  in 
America,  XIV.  258,  1  ab ;  Reformed  church 
in  the  United  States,  260,  1  b. 

“  Synod  of  the  oalc ,”  V.  618,  1  be  ;  IV.  563,  2  a. 
Synovia,  animal  lubricating  fluid,  I.  784,  1  b. 
Synovial  membrane ,  sac,  or  sheath  (anatomy), 
I.  784,  1  b  (ill.).  Dropsy  of  the,  VII.  611,  2  c. 
Syntaxis ,  of  Ptolemy,  XIV.  64,  1  c. 

Syn'thesis,  in  logic,  XIII.  430,  2  ab. 

Syphax,  Numidian  prince,  XV.  540.  SeeMASi- 

NISSA. 

Syph'ilis,  disease,  XI.  349,  2  ab,  b ;  350,  1  ab. 

As  a  cause  of  insanity,  IX.  300,  1  ab. 
Syphon,  XV.  541.  Syphon  recorder,  for  ocean 
telegraphy,  719,  2  b. 

Syra,  Grecian  island,  XV.  541.  Capital,  1  b. 
Syracuse  [sir-a-kuce'J,  province  of  Sicily,  XV. 
541.  Capital,  1  c  (view,  542).  History,  2  a. 
War  with  Athens,  VIII.  193,  1  c. 

Syracuse,  city  of  New  York,  XV.  543. 

Syria,  territory  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  XV.  544. 
Description,  2  b.  Geology,  545,  1  b.  Cli¬ 
mate,  1  c.  Productions,  2  a.  Inhabitants, 
546,  1  a.  History,  1  c. 

Syriac  Language  and  Literature,  XV.  547 
(ill.,  alphabet) ;  I.  631,  2  ab. 


SYRIAN 


TACITUS 


729 


Syrian  Christians  (Jacobites),  XII.  240,  2  c.  j 
Of  Malabar  and  Travancoro  (Christians  of 
St.  Thomas),  XI.  47,  2  c ;  646,  2  c. 

Syrian  sea ,  XI.  354, 1  a  (Mediterranean  Sea). 

Syrianus ,  Greek  philosopher,  XIV.  25,  2  c. 

Syringa,  plant  and  genus :  see  Lilac,  X.  468, 

1  b.  S.  vulgaris,  1  c;  Persica,  2  a;  Josikiea, 
Emodi,  and  dubia  (Rothomagensis),  2  c.  See 
Philadelphia. 

Syringe ,  hypodermic  or  subcutaneous ,  XII.  650, 

1  a. 

Syrinx,  in  Greek  mythology,  XIII.  31,  2  b. 
Shepherd’s  flute,  origin  of,  ib. 

Syrni'nce  (ornithology),  XII.  754,  1  c. 

Syrnium  (ornithology),  XII.  754, 2  a.  S.  cinere- 
um ,ib.;  nebulosum,  2  ab  (ill.);  aluco,  755, 1  a. 

Syros  :  see  Syra. 

Syr'phidce  (entomology),  VI.  130,  1  a. 

Syrtica,  in  ancient  geography,  XV.  549,  1  b. 

Syrtis  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  2  b. 

Syrtis  Major,  and  Syrtis  Minor,  gulfs,  XV .  549. 

Syselman,  county  officer  in  Iceland,  IX.  152, 2  be. 


Sysla,  county  in  Ioeland,  IX.  152,  2  be. 
Szabadka  [sob'-od-kaw],  town  of  Hungary, 
XV.  549. 

Szabolcs  [sob'-olch],  county  of  Hungary,  XV. 
549. 

Szala  [sol'-aw] :  see  Zala. 

Szalay,  Laszlo  [sol'-aw-e],  Hungarian  histo¬ 
rian,  XV.  549. 

Szatmar  [sot'-mar],  county  of  Hungary,  XV. 
549.  Capital,  2  b. 

Szczekociny  [shtcheh-ko'-tse-ne],  Poland,  battle 
of,  X.  48,  2  a. 

Szechenyi,  Istvan,  count  [sa'-chen-ye],  Hunga¬ 
rian  statesman,  XV.  549. 

Szegedin  [sa'-geh-din],  city  of  Hungary,  XV. 
549. 

Szekelys  [sa'-keh-lees] :  see  Szeklers  (Index). 
Szeklers  [sek'-lers] :  see  Transylvania,  XV. 
846,  2  a. 

Szolnok,  Middle  [sol'-nok],  county  of  Hungary, 
XV.  550.  Town,  2  a. 

Szybik  [she'-bik],  kind  of  salt,  XIV.  573,  2  b. 


T 


T,  a  letter,  XV.  550.  How  its  sound  is  pro¬ 
duced,  1  ab.  Interchanges,  1  b.  Combined 
with  h,  ib.  In  modern  European  languages, 

1  be.  As  a  numeral,  1  c ;  an  abbreviation, 
ib.  See  D. 

Taba'nus  (entomology),  VI.  129,  2  a;  VII.  550, 

2  c.  T.  bovinus,  atratus,  cinctus,  and  lineola, 
VI.  129,  2  a. 

Tab'ard  inn,  London,  X.  620,  1  ab. 

Tabasco,  state  of  Mexico,  XV.  550. 

Tabasheer' ,  vegetable  secretion,  II.  261,  1  b. 
Tabellio'nes  foren'ses,  notaries,  XII.  517,  2  b. 

island  in  the  Nile,  XI.  728,2  b;  729,1  a. 
Tabernacle,  Hebrew  sanctuary,  XV.  550; 
652,  2  a. 

Tabernacles,  Feast  of,  XV.  551. 
Tabernac'ulum,  Roman  tent,  XV.  652, 2  ab  (ill.). 
Ta'bes  dorsa'lis,  spinal  disease,  XV.  270,  1  c. 
Table,  of  the  diamond,  VI.  75,  1  b. 

“Table,  thef  in  the  church  constitution  of  the 
Waldenses,  XVI.  425,  1  a. 

Table  lands :  see  Mountain,  XII.  8,  1  a. 

Table  mountain ,  Cape  Colony  (3,816  ft.  high), 
III.  752,  2  b  (ill.).  South  Carolina  (Pickens 
co.),  XV.  194,  1  a. 

Tablet  of  Abydos,  I.  42,  1  b ;  XV.  689,  1  ab. 
New,  XI.  166,  1  be. 


Tablet  of  Tuthmosis,  at  Karnak,  XV.  689,  1  a. 
Taboo' ,  a  custom  of  the  S.  Pacific  islands,  XII. 

412,  2  b;  VII.  Ill,  1  c. 

Tabor,  Mount,  in  Palestine,  XV.  551.  In 
Bohemia,  XVI.  829,  2  be. 

Taborites  :  see  Hussites. 

Tabot ,  in  Abyssinian  churches,  I.  49,  1  b. 
Tabriz  [ta-breez'],  city  of  Persia,  XV.  551  (ill.). 
Tab'ula  Amalphitana ,  maritime  code,  1. 374, 2  a. 
Tabula  Bantina,  bronze  tablet,  IX.  440,  1  b. 
Tabulae  Heracleenses,  VIII.  669,  2  c. 

Tabula  pads :  see  Pax,  XIII.  198,  2  b. 

Tabula  Peutingerana ,  map,  XIII.  376,  1  a. 
Tabulata:  see  Millepore,  XI.  551,  1  a,  b. 
Tacazze  [ta-kat'-seh],  river,  I.  43,  2  c. 

Tacca ,  plant,  XIV.  591,  2  a. 

Tachev  Alexandre  [ta-sha],  Canadian  archbish¬ 
op,  XV.  551. 

Tachenius  [ta-ke'-ne-us],  (Otto,  German  chemist 
in  Venice;  works,  1655— ’68),  IV.  359,  2  ab. 
Tachina  anon’yma  [tak'-e-na],  (entomology), 
XIV.  374,  1  be. 

Tachos  [ta'-kos],  Egyptian  rebel,  I.  186,  2  c. 
Tachypetes  [ta-kip'-e-teez],  (ornithology),  VII. 
499,  2  ab.  T.  aquilus,  2  c  (ill.);  ariel,  re¬ 
ferred  to,  500,  1  a. 

Tacitus,  Caius  Cornelius,  Roman  historian, 


730 


TACITUS 


TALENT 


XV.  552;  X.  197,  2  c.  Manuscript  of  his 
“Annals,”  X.  47,  2  be. 

Tacitus,  Marcus  Claudius,  Roman  emperor, 
XY.  552. 

Tacking ,  of  a  ship,  XIY.  867,  1  b. 
Tack'maiiack  :  see  Poplak,  XIII.  712,  2  a. 
Tacks ,  in  a  ship,  XIV.  865,  2  b. 

Tacksmen ,  in  the  Hebrides,  VIII.  600,  2  b. 
Tacon ,  Madagascan  vehicle,  X.  812,  1  be. 
Tacon'ic  System  :  see  United  States,  XYI. 
123,  2  a.  Taconic  mountains,  VIII.  235,  2  b. 
See  Taghkanic  range  (Index). 

Tacsonia  (botany),  XIII.  151,  2  c. 

Tactics ,  modern  military ,  inventor  of,  X.  357, 
1  c.  Upton’s  system  of  infantry  tactics,  IX. 
270,  1  a.  See  Aemy  (Index). 

Tactile  corpuscles ,  of  the  nerves,  XII.  232,  2  c ; 
XV.  820,  2  b. 

Tacubaya ,  massacre  of  [ta-koo-ba'-ya],  XI. 
187,  2  b. 

Tadema,  Lourenz  Alma  [al'-ma  ta-da'-ma], 
Dutch  painter,  XV.  552. 

Tadmor  :  see  Palmyra. 

Tadolini,  Adamo  [ta-do-le'-ne],  Italian  sculp¬ 
tor,  XV.  552. 

Tadorna  (ornithology),  XIV.  843, 1  a.  T.  vul- 
panser,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Tadousac  [ta-doo-sak'],  county  seat,  XIV. 
521,  2  c. 

Tadpole  :  see  Frog,  VII.  504,  1  c  (ills.). 

Tael  [tale],  Chinese  weight  and  money, XV.  553. 
T^enarum  [ten'-a-rum] :  see  Cape  Matapan. 
Taenia ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  b. 

Taenia  solium  (entozoa),  VI.  664,  2  c  (ills., 
664-’5).  T.  echinococcus,  666,  1  a  (ill.); 
coenurus,  2  ab. 

Tcenioidea ,  VI.  663,  2  c. 

Taffi ,  Andrea  (121 3-’ 94),  Italian  sculptor,  XI. 
857,  2  b. 

Tafilet',  division  of  Morocco,  XV.  553. 
Taganrog',  city  of  Russia,  XV.  553. 

Ta'ges ,  Etrurian  demon,  VI.  765,  2  c. 

Tagetes  [ta-je'-teez],  (botany),  XI.  166,  2  b. 
T.  erecta,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  patula,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  signata 
and  lucida,  ib. 

Taghkanic  range  [ta-ka'-nik],  XII.  355,  1  c. 

See  Taconic  System  (Index). 

Tagliacozzi  [ta-lya-kot'-se] :  see  Taliacotius. 
Taglioni,  Filippo  [ta-lyo'-ne],  Italian  ballet 
master,  XV.  553.  Maria,  dancer,  2  a.  Paul, 
ballet  master,  2  b.  Maria,  his  daughter,  2  b. 
Taguan[tn-gwa,nr],  flying  squirrel,  VII.  299, 2  ab. 
Tagus,  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  XV.  553. 
Tagus ,  Thessalian  chief  general,  XIII.  387,  1  b. 


Taherides  [ta'-her-ids],  Turkish  dynasty  in 
Ivhorasan  (820-872),  XVI.  69,  1  b. 

Tah-gali-jute,  X.  575,  1  b  (Logan). 

Tahiti  [ta-he'-te] :  see  Society  Islands. 

Tah'lequah,  capital  of  the  Cherokee  nation, 
XV.  554. 

Tahoe ,  lake  [ta'-ho],  XII.  264,  1  a. 

Tahraka ,  Ethiopian  king,  VI.  749,  2  be. 

Taihu  [ti-hoo'J,  lake  of  China,  IV.  443,  1  ab. 

Taiko  Sama  [ti'-ko  sa'-ma]  :  see  Hideyoshi 
(Index). 

Taikun  [ti-koon'J :  see  Japan,  IX.  543,  1  be. 

Tail ,  law  word  (fee  tail),  origin  of,  VII.  109, 1  a. 

Tail  coverts ,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Tailings,  of  ore,  XI.  422, 1  b;  VIII.  85, 1  a;  XV. 
52,  1  b. 

Tailler  [ta-ya] :  see  Tail  (Index). 

Taine,  Hippolyte  Adolphe  [tain],  French  au¬ 
thor,  XV.  554;  I.  154,  1  b  (^Esthetics). 

Taiping  Rebellion  [ti-ping'] :  see  China,  IV. 
463,  2  b,  ff. 

Tait,  Archibald  Campbell,  archbishop  of  Can¬ 
terbury,  XV.  554. 

Tait,  Peter  Guthrie,  British  mathematician, 
XV.  554. 

Taiwang-foo  [tl-wang-foo'],  capital  of  Formosa, 
VII.  322,  1  c. 

Taj  el-Arus  [taj  el-a-roos'],  native  Arabic  dic¬ 
tionary,  I.  623,  1  c. 

Tajiks  [ta-jeeks'],  Iranic  race,  IX.  347,  1  a; 
II.  209,  1  b,  799,  1  ab ;  XVI.  67,  1  c. 

Taj  Mahal,  mausoleum,  I.  191,  1  a  (ill.). 

Tajo  [ta'-kho] :  see  Tagus. 

Tajurra  [ta-joor'-ra],  town  of  Africa,  I.  80, 
1  ab.  Bay  of,  79,  2  c. 

Takkara  nation,  referred  to,  VI.  766,  1  b. 

Tak  Kesra,  ruins  of,  V.  543,  2  c. 

Talabri'ga :  see  Talavera  de  la  Reyna. 

Talapoin,  Buddhist  priests,  XIII.  832,  1  c. 

Talavera  de  la  Reyna  [ta-la-va'-ra  da  la  ra'- 
e-na],  town  of  Spain,  XV.  554. 

Talbot  [tawl'-but],  two  counties,  XV.  554. 

Talbot,  William  Henry  Fox,  English  author, 
XV.  554.  (Died  1877.) 

Talbot  breed  of  hounds,  II.  736,  2  c;  737,  1  b. 

Talbotton,  county  seat,  XV.  554,  2  be. 

Talc,  mineral,  XV.  555. 

Talcahuana  [tal-ka-wa'-na],  port  of  Chili,  V. 
198,  1  ab. 

Talcose  slates,  so  called,  XIV.  371,  1  ab. 

Talegalla  Lathami  (ornithology),  III.  367,  1  b 
(ill.). 

Talent,  ancient  weight  and  denomination  of 
money,  XV.  555. 


TALFOURD 


TANACETUM 


7  31 


Talfourd,  Sir  Thomas  Noon  [tawl'-furd],  Eng¬ 
lish  author,  XV.  555. 

Taliacotian  operation ,  in  surgery,  XV.  556, 
la;  II.  156,  2  a. 

Taliacotius,  Gasparo,  Italian  surgeon,  XV.  556. 
Taliafeero  [pronounced  tol'-e-ver],  X\ .  556. 
Talifa  [ta-le-foo'],  lake  of,  China,  XVI.  801,  2  a. 
Tal'ipes  equi'nus,  club-foot,  IV.  718,  2  a;  719, 

1  c.  T.  varus,  718,  2  be ;  valgus,  2  c. 
Talipot  Tree:  see  Palm,  XIII.  20,  2  c.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  I.  510,  2  a. 

Tails  Qualls ,  pseudonyme,  XV.  515,  1  c. 
Tallade'ga,  county,  XV.  556. 

Talladega,  city  of  Alabama,  XV.  556. 
Tallahassee,  capital  of  Florida,  XV.  556. 
Tallahatchie,  river  of  Mississippi,  XV.  556. 
Tallahatchie,  county,  XV.  556. 

Tallapoosa,  river  of  Georgia  and  Alabama, 
XV.  556. 

Tallapoosa,  county,  XV.  556. 
Talleyrand-Peeigoed,  Charles  Maurice,  prince 
de  [tal-la-rang-pa-re-gor],  French  statesman, 
XV.  557.  Intrigues  to  extort  money  from 
the  United  States  commissioners,  1. 91,  2  c,  ff. 
Pinckney’s  reply  to  him,  XIII.  521,  1  a. 

Tall  fescue ,  grass,  VIII.  168,  1  c. 

Tallies,  Jean  Lambert  [ta-lyang],  French  revo¬ 
lutionist,  XV.  558. 

Tallien,  Maclame  :  see  Chimay,  princess  of, 
and  III.  46,  2  be. 

Tallmadge ,  AT.  P.  (Nathaniel  P.,  1795-1864, 
U.  S.  senator  from  New  York  1833-’44, 
governor  of  Wisconsin  territory  1844-5), 
referred  to,  XV.  278,  2  a. 

Tallow,  XV.  559.  Vegetable  tallow,  1  b. 
Tallow  Teee,  XV.  559  (ill.) ;  IV.  445,  2  c. 
Tallulah ,  county  seat,  IX.  436,  1  b. 

Talma,  Francois  Joseph,  French  actor,  XV. 

559.  Mme.  Talma,  actress,  560,  1  b. 
Talmage,  Thomas  De  Witt  [tal'-mage],  Ameri¬ 
can  clergyman,  XV.  560. 

Talmud,  body  of  Jewish  laws,  &c.,  XV.  560. 
See  Mishna,  and  Hebrews,  VIII.  595,  1  b. 
Language  of  the,  I.  631,  2  c. 

Talon ,  in  ecart6,  VI.  384,  2  b. 

Taloolcdars,  a  landed  nobility  of  Oude,  XII. 
739,  1  c. 

Talpa  (zoology),  XI.  705,1  c.  T.  Europma, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  ceeca,  2  b. 

Talus ,  deified  inventor  of  the  saw,  XIV .  651, 1  b. 
Tahi,  nom  de  plume,  XIV.  361,  2  b. 

Tama  [ta'-ma],  county,  XV.  561. 

Tama ,  Feejee  indication  of  respect,  VII-  111,2  a. 
Tamandua  :  see  Ant-Eater,  I.  544,  1  be. 


Tamanend,  mythical  Delaware  chief,  1 . 778, 1  a. 
Tamanoir ,  ant-eater,  I.  544,  1  a. 

Tamaqua  [ta-maw'-kwa],  borough  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  XV.  561. 

Tam'arack:  see  Larch,  X.  168,  1  a. 

Tamarin ,  species  of  monkey,  XI.  181,  2  b. 
Tamarind,  tree  and  fruit,  XV.  561  (ill.). 

Tamar  Indus  Indlca  (botany),X\.561,lbc(ill.). 
Tamarisk,  shrub,  XV.  561.  Common,  562, 1  a 
(ill.).  Tamarisk  manna,  1  b. 

Tamarix  (botany),  XV.  561,  2  c.  T.  Gallica, 
562,  1  a  (ill.) ;  Africana,  mannifera,  and  ori- 
entalis,  1  b. 

Tamasp ',  king  of  Persia,  XII.  123,  2  a. 
Tamatave  [ta-ma-ta'-veh],  town  and  port  of 
Madagascar,  XV.  562. 

Tamaulipas  [ta-mow-le'-pas],  state  of  Mexico, 
XV.  562. 

Tamberlik,  Enrico,  Italian  singer,  XV .  562. 
Tambookis ,  African  tribe,  III.  547,  1  c. 
Tambourine  [tam-boo-reen'],  musical  instru¬ 
ment,  XV.  562. 

Tambov',  government  of  Russia,  XV.  562. 
Capital  city,  2  c. 

Tamburini,  Antonio  [tam-boo-re'-ne],  Italian 
singer,  XV.  562.  (Died  1876.) 

Tamburini,  Pietro,  Italian  theologian,  XV.  563. 
Tamerlane':  see  Timour  ;  Samaecand,  XIV. 

589,  1  a,  b ;  IX.  208,  1  ab. 

Tam’esis ,  Tamesa :  see  Thames. 

Tamgha ,  heraldic  sign  of  Turkish  sovereigns, 
V.  562,  1  a. 

Tamias  (zoology),  IV.  489,  1  c.  T.  striatus, 
lb.  (ill.)*,  quadrivittatus,  2  be;  Pallasii,  lb. 
Tamils'  :  see  India,  Races  and  Languages  of, 
IX.  215,  1  be.  Tamil  language,  219,  2  c; 
alphabet,  220,  1  ab ;  grammar,  221,  1  a. 
Tamina,  gorge  of  the  [ta-me'-na],  XIII.  377,  2  b. 
Tammany  :  see  Tamanend  (Index). 

Tammuz  (or  Thammuz,  oriental  Adonis,  widely 
worshipped :  see  Ezek.  viii.  14),  referred  to, 
XII.  118,  1  c. 

Tamoyas ,  S.  American  Indians,  XVI.  41,  1  c. 
Tarnpq ,  county  seat,  VIII.  729,  1  b.  Tampa 
bay,  lb. 

Tampang ,  cakes  of  benzoin,  II.  545,  2  ab ; 

currency  of  the  Bataks,  lb. 

Tampico  [tam-pe'-ko],town  of  Mexico,  XV .  563. 
Tamping ,  in  blasting  rock,  II.  699, 1  c.  lamp¬ 
ing  rod,  2  a.  Tamping  bar,  XIII.  94,  1  be. 
Tamulians ,  people  of  India,  IX.  214,  2  be ; 
215,  1  be. 

Tamuls ,  people  of  India,  IX.  215,  1  be. 

Tanace’ turn  vulga're  (botany),  XV .  567,  2  c  (ill.). 


732 


TANAGER 


TARDIGRADES 


Tan'ager,  bird,  XY.  5G3.  Scarlet  tanager, 
2  ab  (ill.).  Mississippi  tanager,  or  summer 
red  bird,  2  c.  Bishop  tanager,  564,  1  b. 
Festive  tanager,  ib. 

Tanagra  (ornithology),  XV.  564,  1  ab.  T. 
episcopus,  1  b. 

Tanagri'nee  (ornithology),  XY.  563,  1  c. 
Tanaim ,  Jewish  teachers,  YIII.  594,  2  c. 
Tanais  [tan'-a-is] :  see  Don. 

Tananarivo  [ta-na-na'-re-vo],  capital  of  Mada¬ 
gascar,  XY.  564. 

Tanaquil ,  queen  of  Rome,  XY.  572,  2  c ;  XIY. 
785,  1  c. 

Tanchelin  [tan'-keh-lin],  religious  fanatic,  I. 

81,  2  c.  (Killed  by  a  priest  about  1115.) 
Tancred,  Italian  crusader,  XY.  564. 

Taney  [taw'-ne],  county,  XY.  564. 

Taney,  Roger  Brooke,  American  jurist,  XY. 

565.  Dred  Scott  decision,  1  c. 

Tanganyika  [tan-ga-nye'-ka],  lake  of  Africa, 
XY.  565 ;  I.  167,  1  ab;  XII.  447,  2  b. 
Tangena ,  poisonous  fruit,  XII.  675,  1  c;  X. 
813,  1  be. 

Tangent ,  in  mathematics,  XY.  865,  2  c. 
Tangent  galvanometer ,  YII.  594,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Tanggalung,  civet,  II.  403,  1  c. 

Tangier  [tan-jeer'],  or  Tangiers,  city  of  Mo¬ 
rocco,  XY.  566. 

Tangipaho'a,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XY.  566. 
Tangle ,  species  of  algm,  I.  299,  1  c. 

Tanistry,  law  of,  III.  245,  2  a. 

Tanjore',  district  of  India,  XY.  566.  Capital, 
567,  1  a  (ill.,  566). 

Tanjore  pills,  IY.  772,  2  ab. 

Tanjur  [tan-joor'],  lamaic  work,  X.  117,  2  b. 
Tank  cars ,  for  petroleum,  XIII.  372,  1  a. 
Tankia,  boat  population  of  Canton,  III.  728, 1  c. 
Tannaiiill,  Robert,  Scottish  poet,  XY.  567. 
Tannates  (chemistry),  YII.  584,  1  b. 

Tannio  Acid,  XY.  567 ;  I.  571,  2  a,  ab ;  YII. 

577,  2  c,  584,  1  ab;  X.  272,  1  b. 

Tannin :  see  Tannio  Acid  (Index). 

Tanning  :  see  Leather,  X.  273,  1  be,  tf.  Tan¬ 
ning  materials,  272,  1  b. 

Tansy,  plant,  XY.  567  (ill.). 

Tantallon  castle,  Scotland,  II.  587,  1  a. 
Tan'talum:  see  Columbium. 

Tantalus,  in  Greek  mythology,  XY.  568. 
Tantalus  (ornithology),  XYI.  708,  2  c.  T.  lo- 
culator,  2  b  (ill.). 

Tantras,  in  Hindoo  literature,  IX.  229,  1  c. 
Tanzimat ,  Turkish  board  of  reforms,  I.  2,  1  b. 
Tao  [tow],  religion  of  the,  in  China,  IY.  454,  2  b. 
Too,  division  of  Corea,  Y.  350,  1  c. 


Taormina  [towr-me'-na] :  see  Tauromenium, 
XY.  585,  2  c. 

Taos  [ta'-oce],  county,  XY.  568. 

Tao-sze  [tow-sa'],  Chinese  sect,  IY.  454,  2  be. 
Tap,  tool,  XIY.  712,  2  be. 

Tap,  puddling  cinder,  IX.  400,  2  ab. 

Tapa  [ta'-pa],  bark  cloth,  XII.  30,  1  a;  III. 
234,  2  c;  II.  314,  1  b. 

Tapajos  [ta-pa'-zhoce],  river  of  Brazil,  III.  220, 
1  a. 

Tapanooly  residency,  Sumatra,  II.  379,  2  b; 

XY.  464,  1  be  (Tapanuli). 

Tape  Grass:  see  Yalisneria,  XYI.  249,  1  c. 
Tap'estry,  XY.  568. 

Tapeworm:  see  Entozoa,  YI.  663,  2  c.  Com¬ 
mon  tapeworm,  664,  2  c  (ills.,  664,  665). 
See  Embryology,  YI.  566,  1  b,  and  I.  61, 

1  c.  Remedy  for,  XI.  64,  1  a. 

Ta’pia  edu'lis  (botany),  X.  810,  1  be. 

Tapio'ca  :  see  Cassava,  IY.  62,  2  b. 

Ta'pir,  ungulate  mammal,  XY.  568.  Amerb 
can,  569,  1  a  (ill.) ;  Asiatic,  1  ab. 
Tapirotherium  (zoology),  X.  635,  1  b. 

Tapi'rus  (zoology),  XY.  568,  2  b.  T.  Ameri- 
canus,  569,  1  a  (ill.) ;  Malayanus,  1  ab. 
Tappahannock,  county  seat,  YI.  735,  1  c. 
Tappan,  Arthur  (1786-1865),  merchant  and 
abolitionist,  YII.  629,  1  a ;  XY.  100,  1  a. 
Tappan,  Henry  Philip,  American  clergyman, 
XY.  569.  On  logic,  X.  582,  1  c. 

Tappan  bay,  on  the  Hudson,  IX.  30,  1  b. 
Tapping,  for  dropsy,  YI.  266,  2  c. 

Taprob'ane,  Greek  name  of  Ceylon,  IY.  221,  2  c. 
Taptee',  river  of  India,  XY.  484,  1  c ;  IX.  202, 

2  b  (see  map). 

Tapu  [ta-poo'] :  see  Taboo  (Index). 

Taquia  [ta-ke'-a],  kind  of  fuel,  X.  159,  1  c. 
Tar,  XY.  569.  Uses  of  wood  tar,  570,  1  a. 

Tar  water,  1  b.  Coal  tar,  ib. 

Tar,  river  of  North  Carolina,  XY.  570. 
Tardbazan' :  see  Trebizond,  XY.  853,  1  be. 
Tarablus  [ta-ra'-bloos] :  see  Tripoli,  in  Syria. 
Tar’ antism,  nervous  affection,  XY.  570,  2  c. 

Tarantismus,  Y.  663,  2  c. 

Taranto  [ta'-ran-to],  city  of  Italy,  XY.  570. 
History,  2  a. 

Taranto,  Duke  of :  see  Macdonald,  X.  778, 1  c. 
Taran'tula,  spider,  XY.  570;  265,  1  c. 
Tarapacd  desert ,  Peru,  XIII.  337,  1  a. 

Tarare  [ta-rar],  town  of  France,  XY.  571. 
Tarascon  [ta-ras-kong],  town,  France,  XV.  571. 
Tarbes  [tarb],  town  of  France,  XY.  571. 
Tarboro,  county  seat,  YI.  404,  1  b. 
Tardigrades  :  see  Sloth. 


TxYRE 


TASSILO 


733 


Tare  :  see  Vetch. 

Tarentine  games  [tar'-en-tin],  XIV.  746,  2  b. 
Taren'tola  (zoology),  VII.  656,  1  c. 

Tarentula :  see  Tarantula. 

Tarentum  :  see  Taranto,  XV.  570,  2  a. 

Target  [tar'-ghet],  shield,  XIV.  853,  1  c. 
Targovitza ,  confederation  of  XIII.  647,  2  c. 
Targums,  Aramaic  versions  of  the  Hebrew 
Scriptures,  XV.  571 ;  I.  631,  2  c. 

Tarif  [ta-reef'] :  see  Tarik  (Index). 

Tarifa  [ta-re'-fa],  town  of  Spain,  XV.  572. 
Tariff,  derivation  of  the  word,  XV.  572,  1  ab. 
United  States  protective  tariff  of  1816,  sup¬ 
ported  by  Calhoun,  III.  585,  1  c ;  of  1828, 

586,  2  a,  XVI.  166,  2  a;  of  1832,  2  c,  III. 

587,  1  c.  Clay’s  compromise  tariff  of  1833, 
XVI.  167,  1  b,  III.  587,  2  b;  its  leading  fea¬ 
tures,  IV.  654,  2  a.  Tariff  of  1842,  XVI.  530, 
2  ab,  III.  590,  1  c ;  of  1846,  XVI.  169,  1  ab. 

Tariffville ,  Conn .  (Hartford  co.),  IV.  21,  2  b. 
Tarik  (or  Tarif)  ben  Zeyad  [ta-reek'  ben  za- 
yad'],  Saracen  leader,  VII.  800,  2  c;  XV. 
572,  1  ab  (Tarif  ibn  Malek). 

Tarkhan' ,  princely  title,  XIV.  589,  1  b. 

Tar  lake ,  in  Trinidad,  II.  672,  2  ab. 

Tarleton,  Bannastre,  English  soldier,  XV. 

572.  “  Tarleton’s  quarter,”  1  be. 

Tarn,  department  of  France,  XV.  572. 
Tarn-et-Garonne  [tarn-a-ga-run],  department 
of  France,  XV.  572. 

Taro  [ta'-ro],  Hawaiian  plant,  VIII.  526,  2  b. 

A  species  of,  VII.  807,  1  b. 

Tarots  [ta-ro],  game  of  cards,  III.  783,  1  a. 
Tarpeia  [tar-pe'-ya],  Roman  maiden,  XV.  572. 

Tarpeian  rock,  2  be.  Its  position,  III.  756,  2  a. 
Tarquin,  kings  of  Rome,  XV.  572.  Lucius 
Tarquinius  Priscus,  2  be.  Lucius  Tarquin- 
ius  Superbus,  573,  1  a;  XIV.  785,  2  a,  261, 
2  b.  Story  of  Lucretia,  XV.  573,  1  b. 
Tarquinii ,  ancient  city  of  Etruria,  VI.  765,  2  a. 
Tarquinius ,  Sextus ,  XV.  573,  1  b. 

Tarquinius  Collatinus,  XV.  573,  1  b;  III.  369, 
2  c.  . 

Tarraci'na:  see  Terraoina,  XV.  660,  2  c. 
Tar'raco :  see  Tarragona,  XV.  573,  2  b. 
Tarragani :  see  Terrai  (Index). 

Tarragon,  plant,  XV.  573 ;  I.  773,  2  c. 
Tarragona,  province  of  Spain,  XV.  573.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  2  b. 

Tarranseens,  Abenaqui  Indians,  I.  19,  2  c. 
Tarrant,  county,  XV.  573. 

Tarrytown,  village  of  New  York,  XV.  574. 
Tarshish,  Phoenician  city,  XV.  574.  Cartha¬ 
ginian  trade  with,  IV.  36,  2  b. 


Tarsus,  city  of  Turkey,  XV.  574. 

Tartan ,  a  Scottish  fabric,  XIV.  700,  2  a. 

Tartan ,  Assyrian  general-in-chief  (title),  II. 
35,  1  b,  2  c. 

Tartar,  XV.  574.  Crude  tartar,  XVI.  666, 
2  be.  Soluble  tartar,  XIII.  763,  1  c. 

Tartar,  Cream  of :  see  Cream  of  Tartar. 

Tartar  Emetic,  XV.  574;  V.  469, 1  c  ;  I.  565, 
2  b.  Tartar  emetic  poisoning,  remedy  for,  2  c. 

Tartar  of  the  teeth,  XV.  574,  2  b ;  VI.  105, 1  ab. 

Tartaric  Acid,  XV.  574;  576,  2  b.  Varieties 
of,  575,  1  c. 

Tartarotti,  able,  controversy  on  witches  and 
magicians,  III.  791,  1  b. 

Tartars,  Mongolian  or  Turanian  race,  XV.  575. 

Tar'tarus,  in  Grecian  mythology,  XV.  576 ; 
XIII.  623,  1  a. 

Tartarus  vitriolatus  (chemistry),  XIII.  761, 1  c. 

Tartary,  region  of  Asia,  XV.  576.  See  Tur- 
kistan,  XVI.  66,  1  be. 

Tartessus  (ancient  town  and  district  of  S. 
Spain) :  see  Tarshish,  XV.  574,  1  b,  2  a. 

Tartini,  Giuseppe  [tar-te'-ne],  Italian  violinist, 
XV.  576.  Composition  of  his  “Devil’s  So¬ 
nata,”  VI.  254,  2  b  (Dream). 

Tartrate  of  potash  and  soda:  see  Kochelle  Salt. 

Tartrates  (chemistry),  XV.  576. 

Tartufe,  comedy  of  Moliere,  XI.  719,  1  b,  c. 

Tarudant',  city  of  Morocco,  XV.  577. 

Taruga  [ta-roo'-ga],  species  of  deer,  V.  758,  2  a. 

Tarvisium :  see  Treviso,  XV.  862,  1  c. 

Tascher  de  la  Pagerie  [ta-sha  dull  la  pazh-re] : 
see  Bonaparte,  Josephine,  III.  46,  2  a. 

Taschereau,  Elzear  Alexandre  [tasli-ro],  Cana¬ 
dian  archbishop,  XV.  577. 

Taschereau,  Jules  Antoine,  French  author, 
XV.  577. 

Tashkend',  city  of  Turkistan,  XV.  577. 

Tasman,  Abel  Janssen,  Dutch  navigator,  XV. 
577 ;  VII.  113,  2  a. 

Tasmania,  British  colony,  XV.  577.  Island, 
2  c ;  other  islands,  578, 1  a.  Surface,  1  b.  Min¬ 
erals,  2  a.  Climate,  2  ab.  Soil  and  produc¬ 
tions,  2  b.  Animals,  2  c.  Commerce,  579, 
1  a.  Intercommunication,  1  ab.  Aborigines, 
1  b.  Inhabitants,  1  be.  Religion,  1  c.  Ed¬ 
ucation,  ib.  Government,  2  a.  History,  2  b. 

Tasmanian  or  native  devil,  V.  698,  2  c. 

Tasmanian  wolf,  XV.  578,  2  c.  See  Thyla- 
cine. 

Tassaert,  Nicolas  Francois  Octave  [tas-sair], 
French  painter,  XV.  579. 

Tassilo,  duke  of  Bavaria,  IV.  290,  2  ab;  II. 
402,  1  a  (Thassilo  II. ;  revolted  787). 


734 


TASSO 


TAYLOR 


Tasso,  Bernardo,  Italian  poet,  XV.  580. 

Tasso,  Torquato,  Italian  poet,  XY.  580 ;  IX. 
461,  2  a.  Source  of  liis  materials  for  the 
Gerusalemme  liberata ,  I.  60,  1  b  (Accolti). 
His  supposed  prison,  YII.  153,  1  c. 

Taste,  sense  of,  XY.  581.  Essential  condition, 
582,  1  b. 

Taste ,  principles  of:  see  ZEstiietics. 

“  Taste  ”  scheme ,  in  philosophy,  referred  to, 
XIII.  447,  1  b. 

Tata  [ta-ta/],  regal  title,  IX.  731,  2  ab  (Kaffa). 

Tatar  [ta'-tar] :  see  Tartars,  XY.  576,  1  b. 

Tatar- Bazar jih,  Turkish  town,  II.  354,  2  c. 

Tate,  county,  XY.  582. 

Tate,  Nahum,  English  poet,  XY.  582.  Tate 
and  Brady’s  version  of  the  Psalms,  2  be; 
III.  182,  2  c. 

Tatian,  ecclesiastical  writer,  XY.  582.  Ta- 
tianists,  583,  1  a.  Founder  of  the  sect  of 
Aquarians,  I.  609,  1  a. 

Tatius,  Achilles:  see  Aciiilles  Tatius. 

Tatnall,  county,  XY.  583. 

Tatsama ,  in  Dravidian  languages,  IX.  220,  1  c. 

Tatta,  town  of  British  India,  XY.  583. 

TattersalVs ,  London,  X.  613,  2  be. 

Tattler,  wading  bird,  XY.  583.  Tell-tale 
tattler,  2  a  (ill.);  spotted,  2  c. 

Tauchnitz,  Karl  Christoph  Traugott  [towkh'- 
nits],  German  publisher,  XY.  584.  Karl 
Christian  Philipp,  publisher,  1  b.  Christian 
Bernhard,  baron,  publisher,  1  be ;  X.  329, 
2  ab.  Tauchnitz  editions  of  English  classics, 
XY.  584,  1  c. 

Tattler,  Johann  [tow'-ler],  German  mystic, 
XY.  584.  His  relations  to  the  reformation, 
YII.  763,  2  c. 

Taunton  [tan'-tun],  city  of  Massachusetts,  X  Y. 
584.  River,  2  b,  c. 

Taunton,  town  of  England,  XY.  585. 

Taupo  [tow'-po],  boiling  lake  in  Hew  Zealand, 
YII.  784,  2  c. 

Tauric  Chersonesus ,  III.  113,  1  c. 

Tauric  festival,  of  the  druids,  YI.  270,  1  b. 

Taurida  [tow '-re-da],  government  of  Russia, 
XY.  585. 

Tauris :  see  Crimea,  Y.  484,  2  c,  and  Tabriz. 

Tauro-cholate  of  soda,  in  the  bile,  IY.  514,  2  b. 

Tauromenium,  ancient  city  of  Sicily,  XY.  585. 

Taurus,  range  of  mountains,  XY.  585. 

Tausig,  Karl  [tow'-zich],  German  pianist,  XY. 
586. 

Tautog  :  see  Blackfish. 

Tautoga  Americana  (ichthyology),  II.  677,  2  c 
(ill.,  678). 


Tavastehuus  [ta-vas'-t&h-hoos],  government 
of  Finland,  XY.  586.  Capital,  1  c. 

Tavasts ,  Finnish  tribe,  YII.  206,  1  c. 

Tavernier  [ta-vair-nya],  prisoner  in  the  Bastile, 
II.  376,  1  c. 

Tavernier,  Jean  Baptiste,  French  traveller, 
XY.  586. 

Tawas  City  [ta'-was],  county  seat,  IX.  332, 1  a. 

Taxation  and  representation ,  XY.  590,  2  ab. 
Taxation  without  representation,  resisted  by 
the  American  colonies,  XYI.  154,  2  b.  See 
Otis,  James,  XII.  731,  1  c.  First  protest 
against,  I.  107,  2  c. 

Taxes,  XY.  586.  Direct  and  indirect,  587, 1  c. 
Principles  of  taxation,  2  b.  Y arious  kinds  of, 
588,  2  b.  Taxation  and  protection,  590,  2  a. 

Taxidermy,  XV.  590. 

T agig,  of  the  Greek  church,  III.  257,  1  a. 

Taxodium  distichum  (botany),  Y.  614,  1  c  (ill.). 

Taxus  (botany),  XYI.  783,  2  c.  T.  baccata,  ib ., 
784,  1  be  (ill.) ;  brevifolia,  785,  1  be ;  Lind- 
leyana,  1  c;  globosa,  ib. 

Tay,  river  of  Scotland,  XY.  591. 

Taygetus  [ta-ij '-e-tus] :  see  Laconia,  X.  83,  2  a. 

Taylor,  six  counties,  XY.  591. 

Taylor,  Bayard,  American  author,  XY.  591 ; 
XYI.  199,  2  a.  (Minister  to  Germany  1878.) 

Taylor,  Brook,  English  mathematician,  XY. 
592. 

Taylor,  Edward  T.,  American  clergyman 
(Father  Taylor),  XY.  592. 

Taylor,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XY.  592. 

Taylor,  Sir  Henry,  English  poet,  XY.  592. 

Taylor,  Isaac,  English  author,  XY.  593.  Jef¬ 
freys,  1  c.  Ann  and  Jane,  ib.  Isaac,  cler¬ 
gyman,  2  a. 

Taylor,  Isidore  S6verin  Justin,  baron,  French 
author,  XY.  593. 

Taylor,  Jeremy,  English  theologian,  XY.  593. 

Taylor,  John  (“the  water  poet”),  English 
author,  XY.  594. 

Taylor,  John,  English  minister,  XY.  594. 

Taylor,  Hathaniel  William,  American  clergy¬ 
man  and  educator,  XY.  594 ;  XI.  815,  2  b. 

Taylor,  Richard,  English  printer,  XY.  594. 

Taylor,  Stephen  William,  American  educator, 
president  of  Madison  university,  XV.  594. 
Benjamin  Franklin,  author,  2  c. 

Taylor,  Thomas,  English  scholar,  XY.  595. 

Taylor,  Tom,  English  author,  XV.  595. 

Taylor,  William  Cooke,  Irish  author,  XY.  595. 

Taylor,  William  Mackergo,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XY.  595. 


TAYLOR 


TEIAS 


735 


Taylor,  Zachary,  president  of  the  United 
States,  XV.  595.  First  recipient  of  brevet 
rank  in  the  U.  S.  army,  2  c.  His  career  in 
the  Mexican  war,  596,  1  b,  ff.  Elected  presi¬ 
dent,  597,  1  a.  His  sudden  death,  2  a. 

Taylor  institution ,  at  Oxford,  XII.  763,  2  b. 

Taylor's  logarithmic  tables ,  X.  578,  1  c. 

Taylorsville,  county  seats,  I.  275,  2  be;  IX. 
656,  2  b;  XV.  257,  2  b. 

Taylorville ,  county  seat,  IV.  524,  1  c. 

Tazewell  [taz'-wel],  two  counties,  XV.  597. 

Tazewell ,  county  seat,  IV.  628,  1  a. 

Tazewell  Court  House,  county  seat,  XV.  597,  2  b. 

Tchad,  lake  of  Africa,  XV.  597. 

Tchahar  Bagh  [cha-har'  bag],  pleasure  ground 
at  Ispahan,  IX.  435,  1  c. 

Tchavdyr  [chav-deer'],  ruins  at,  I.  224,  2  b. 

Tchehel  Situn,  palace  at  Ispahan,  IX.  435,  1  c. 

Tchelinga,  chief,  I.  55,  1  be  (Acarnania). 

Tcheremisses,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  207,  1  a. 

Tcherlcessia :  see  Circassia. 

Tohernigov  [chSr'-ne-gov],  government  of  Rus¬ 
sia,  XV.  598.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Tchernovitz:  see  Czernowitz. 

Tchernozem,  kind  of  soil,  I.  195,  2  c. 

Tchihatcheff,  Petr  [che-ha-chef'],  Russian 
traveller,  XV.  598. 

Tchad  or  Finnish  family  [chood],  IX.  566,  2  c. 
See  Finns,  VII.  206,  2  ab. 

Tchudic  lalce,  XIII.  227,  2  c. 

Tchuf  ut  Kale  [ choo-foot'  ka-la'],  (Jews’  Castle), 
II.  229,  2  c. 

Tchuktchis  [chook-chees'],  native  tribe  in  Si¬ 
beria,  XV.  598 ;  VI.  729,  2  b.  In  Alaska, 
XV.  598,  2  ab. 

Tchuvashes,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  207,  1  ab. 

Tea,  XV.  598.  Tea  plant,  2  b  (ill.).  Culture 
of,  599,  1  c;  varieties,  600,  2  a.  Adultera¬ 
tions,  2  b;  “lie  tea,”  601,  1  a;  tea  leaf,  1  c 
(ill.).  Chemical  constituents  of,  2  a.  Prep¬ 
aration  of,  2  b.  Effects  of,  602,  1  a.  Sub¬ 
stitutes  for,  1  be;  599, 1  b.  Importation  into 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  602, 
1  c. — Paraguay  tea  (Jesuits’  tea) :  see  Mate. 

Tcaberry,  XVI.  674,  2  ab  (Wintergreen). 

Teache,  in  sugar  works,  XV.  446,  2  a. 

Teachers’  Institute,  XV.  602. 

Teak,  tree,  XV.  602  (ill.,  603).  African  teak, 
603,  1  be. 

Teal,  duck,  XV.  603.  Green-winged,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  blue-winged,  2  c. 

Tea  party,  Boston,  IX.  94,  1  b;  XVI.  155, 1  c. 

Tearer,  in  calico  printing,  III.  595,  2  c. 

Tearless  battle,  of  the  Spartans,  I.  650,  2  b. 


Tears,  XV.  604.  Lachrymal  glands,  1  a; 
puncta,  1  ab;  caruncle,  1  be. 

Teasel,  plant,  XV.  604  (ills.,  605).  Metallic, 
XVI.  719,  2  ab. 

Teaser,  machine,  VIII.  344,  1  a. 

Teasing,  of  cloth,  XV.  605,  1  b. 

Teasling,  of  cloth,  XV.  605, 1  b;  XVI.  719, 1  c. 

Teate  Marrucinorum  [te-a'-te] :  see  Chieti. 

Teba ,  Countess  [ta'-ba],  pseudonym e,  III.  55, 1  b. 

Tebbad,  kind  of  wind,  II.  798,  1  c. 

Tebriz:  see  Tabriz. 

Techichimecs  [ta-che-che-meks'],  ancient  Mexi¬ 
can  tribe,  XI.  472,  1  c. 

Technology,  XV.  605. 

TecTe,  Prince,  III.  646,  2  a. 

Teco'ma  (botany),  XVI.  15,  2  c.  T.  radicans, 
ib.  (ill.,  16);  grandiflora,  16,  1  c;  capensis 
and  jasminoides,  ib. ;  stans,  2  a;  speciosa, 
III.  223,  2  ab. 

Teetibranchiata  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  a. 

Tec’tona  gran’dis  (botany),  XV.  602,  2  be  (ill.). 

Tecumseh,  Indian  chief,  XV.  605. 

Tecumseh ,  county  seat,  IX.  657,  1  c. 

Tecumtha:  see  Tecumseh. 

Teentsin :  see  Tientsin. 

Tee-tee,  monkey,  XI.  751,  2  a. 

Teeter,  bird,  XV.  584,  1  a. 

Teeth,  XV.  606.  See  Comparative  Anatomy, 
V.  181,  2  b.  Diseases  of:  see  Dentistry. 
Artificial  teeth,  ib. 

Teeth,  in  a  clock  or  watch,  IV.  699,  2  c. 

Teez,  ruins  of,  IV.  271,  1  a. 

Te'gea,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XV.  607. 

Tegeatis  [te-je-a'-tis] :  see  Tegea. 

Tegenaria  medicinalis  (entomology),  XV.  266, 
1  b  (ill.). 

Tegctthojf  [ta'-ghet-huf],  ship,  expedition  of 
the,  XIII.  656,  1  b ;  I.  680,  1  c. 

TegettJioff  (Wilhelm  von,  baron,  born  1827), 
Austrian  admiral,  referred  to,  X.  522,  2  be. 

Tegmen,  of  a  plant,  XIII.  591,  2  c. 

Tegnapatam' :  see  Fort  St.  David. 

Tegn£r,  Esaias  [teg-nair'],  Swedish  poet,  XV. 
607. 

Teguexin  [Port.  ta-ga-sheeng/],  lizard,  X.  551, 2  b. 

Teha'ma,  county,  XV.  607. 

Tehama  [ta-ha'-ma],  desert  in  Arabia,  XVI. 
782,  1  ab;  I.  618,  1  a. 

Teheran,  or  Tehran  [ta-ha-ran',  ta-h’ran'], 
capital  of  Persia,  XV.  607  (ill.). 

Tehuantepec  [ta-wan-ta-paik'],  isthmus  of 
Mexico,  XV.  608.  Town,  1  be.  Projected 
canal,  ib. ;  III.  690,  1  b. 

Teias  [te'-yas],  Ostrogothic  king,  IX.  728, 1  ab. 


736 


TEJADA 


TEMPERATURE 


Tejada,  or  Lerdo  de  Tejada,  Sebastian  [lair'-do 
da  ta-kha'-da],  president  of  Mexico,  XV.  608. 
(Reelected  1876,  and  expelled  by  Diaz.) 

Tejo  [ta'-zho] :  see  Tagus. 

Tejus  monitor  (zoology),  X.  551,  2  b. 

Tekamah ,  county  seat,  III.  478,  2  a. 

Telagon,  animal,  II.  212,  1  c. 

Telamon ,  father  of  Ajax,  I.  225,  1  b. 
Tel-Bustak,  site  of  Bubastis,  III.  374,  2  a. 
Te'lea  Bolyphe'mus  (entomology),  XV.  45, 1  b. 
Telegraph,  XV.  608.  Signal  telegraphs,  2  b. 
Electric  telegraph,  609,  2  c;  XI.  849,  1  c; 
IX.  494,  2  be.  Early  attempts,  XV.  610, 

1  ab:  see  Wheatstone,  XVI.  590,  2  be. 
Morse’s,  XV.  611,  2  be,  615,  1  b  (ills.,  612). 
English  telegraph,  613,  1  ab.  Double-needle 
telegraph,  2  a.  Bain’s,  2  b.  Facsimile  or 
electric  copying  telegraphs,  614,  1  b.  Print¬ 
ing  telegraphs,  2  a ;  House’s,  ib. ;  Hughes’s, 
615,  1  ab ;  Phelps’s  “  combination  ”  instru¬ 
ment,  2  ab.  Dial  telegraphs,  2  c.  Construc¬ 
tion  of  telegraph  lines,  616,  1  c;  extent  of, 
617,  1  a.  Submarine  telegraphs,  1  be.  At¬ 
lantic  cables,  2  ab,  618,  1  c :  see  Field, 
Cyrus  West,  VII.  177,  1  c,  ff.  Western  ter¬ 
mini  of  the,  VI.  334,  2  c;  VIII.  566,  2  c. 
Time  required  for  transmission,  XV.  617, 

2  c,  619, 1  ab.  Telegraphic  disturbance,  1  c. 
Various  uses  of  the  telegraph,  2  a.  Multiple 
telegraphy,  620,  2  be. — Government  control 
of  telegraphs  in  England,  XIII.  749,  2  a. 

Teleky,  Laszlo  [tel'-eh-ke],  XV.  621. 
Telelograph ,  XV.  609,  1  b  (Telegraph). 
Telemachus  [te-lem'-a-kus],  XV.  621. 
Telemaque ,  Aventures  de  [a-vang-tur  duh  ta-la- 
mak],  by  Fenelon,  VII.  123,  2  a;  405,  2  ab; 
II.  302,  1  a. 

Telem'eter ,  a  graduated  scale,  IV.  760,  2  c. 
Teleosaurus,  genus  of  fossils,  XV.  621.  T. 

Chapmanni,  2  c ;  Cadomensis,  622, 1  ab  (ill.). 
Telephone,  XV.  621,*  (ills.);  discovery  of  the 
principles  of,  622,*  1  c ;  inventors  of,  622, 1  a. 
Telescope,  XV.  622.  Astronomical,  2  a  (ill.). 
Terrestrial,  2  b  (ill.).  Invention  of,  2  be ; 
Galileo’s,  623,  1  b  (ill.),  VII.  567,  1  b.  Im¬ 
provements  in  lenses,  &c.,  XV.  623,  2  be,  ff. ; 
prismatic  colors,  attempts  to  get  rid  of,  ib., 
624,  2  b,  c,  626,  1  ab,  be,  2b;  achromatic 
telescopes,  2  a.  Newton’s  telescope,  625, 
1  ab  (ill.) ;  Cassegrain’s,  1  c ;  Hadley’s,  2  a ; 
Herschel’s,  2  c  (ill.).  Object  glasses,  math¬ 
ematical  ratio  of,  626,  2  be.  Fraunhofer’s 
telescopes,  627,  1  be.  Optical  glass,  manu¬ 
facture  of,  2  a,  ff.  Dialytic  or  separated 


telescope,  2  c,  I.  66,  1  b ;  aplanatic,  XV. 
628, 1  b ;  Rosse’s,  629,  1  ab.  Silvered  lenses, 
1  c.  Helioscope,  630,  1  a.  Telescope  stand, 

1  b.  Use  of  telescope  in  differential  mea¬ 
surements,  2  a:  see  Micrometer.  Applica¬ 
tion  to  meridian  instruments :  see  Transit 
Circle.  For  photographing  the  transit  of 
Venus,  631, 1  b.  Collimating,  240, 1  b.  See 
Aberration,  I.  24,  1  be,  Achromatic  Lens, 
and  Speculum. 

Telfair,  county,  XV.  631. 

Telford,  Thomas,  British  engineer,  XV.  631. 
Telinga,  Hindoo  race,  IX.  215,  1  c. 

Teliosts,  a  class  of  fishes,  XV.  631. 

Tell,  William,  legendary  Swiss  hero,  XV.  631. 
See  Altorf,  Lucerne,  X.  704,  2  a,  and  Ktiss- 

NAOnT. 

Tell  Hum  [boom] :  see  Capernaum. 

Tellico ,  treaty  6f,  IV.  379,  1  ab. 

Tellograph ,  XV.  609,  1  b  (Telegraph). 

TelVs  chapel ,  at  Kiissnacht,  X.  65,  1  ab. 
Tell-tale,  bird :  see  Tattler. 

Tellu'ric  acid ,  XV.  633,  1  ab. 

Telluric  food ,  of  plants,  I.  195,  1  ab. 
Tellurium,  elementary  substance,  XV.  632  ; 

XI.  420,  2  be.  Discoverer  of,  X.  23,  1  a. 
Tellurium ,  astronomical  machine,  XII.  711,  2  a. 
Tellurous  acid ,  XV.  633,  1  ab. 

Tellus  :  .see  Terra. 

Telo  Hartius :  see  Toulon,  XV.  822,  1  ab. 
Teloph'orus  (entomology),  II.  476,  2  b. 

Telugu  [tel-oo-goor],  Hindoo  race,  IX.  215, 1  c. 

Language,  219,  2  c;  220,  2  a.  Alphabet,  ib. 
Temacuilcahuilia  [ta-ma-kweel-ka-we'-le-a], 
serpent,  II.  762,  2  c. 

Temes  [tem'-esh],  county  of  Hungary,  XV.  633. 
Temesvar,  city  of  Hungary,  XV.  633. 
Temiscamingue,  Lake  [tem-is'-ka-ming]  :  see 
Ottawa,  XII.  734,  2  a. 

TkMiscouATA  [ta-mis-kwa'-ta],  county,  XV.  633. 
Temminck  (Conrad  Jacob,  1778-1858,  Dutch 
naturalist),  classification  of  birds  by,  XIL 
705,  2  be. 

Tem'nodon  salta'tor  (ichthyology),  II.  757,  2  o 
(ill.,  758). 

Tem'pe,  valley  of  Greece,  XV.  633. 

Temper ,  alloy,  XIII.  377,  1  a  (Pewter). 
Temperament,  physical  and  mental,  XV.  633. 
Temperament,  of  the  organ,  unequal,  XIL  689, 

2  c;  equal,  690,  1  ab. 

Temperance  Societies  :  see  Total  Abstinence. 
Temperature ,  atmospheric,  II.  83,  1  be.  See 
Meteorology,  XI.  433, 1  b,  ff.  (ills.,  436,  437); 
Rain,  XIV.  185,  1  c. 


TEMPERED 


TEPANECS 


737 


Tempered  Glass,  XY.  634. 

Tempering ,  of  steel,  XV.  364,  2  be. 

Tempering ,  in  sugar  making,  XV .  446,  1  b. 

Templars,  military  order,  XV.  634. 

Temple,  Frederick,  English  bishop,  XV.  636. 

Temple,  Richard  Grenville,  earl,  statesman, 
XV.  636. 

Temple,  Sir  William,  statesman,  XV.  636. 

Temple ,  the ,  in  Paris,  X.  663,  2  c. 

Temple ,  the ,  in  London,  IX.  289,  2  c  (ills.,  290). 
Temple  garden,  290,  1  b. 

Temple  Bar ,  London,  X.  594,  1  c.  Temple 
church,  598,  1  b. 

Tenacity ,  of  materials,  XV.  416,  1  a. 

Tenaille  line  [teh-naik],  in  fortification,  VII. 
335,  2  a. 

Tenailled  system ,  VII.  329,  2  c. 

Tenancy  ~by  curtesy ,  in  law,  IX.  85,  2  a. 

Tenant:  see  Lease,  and  Tenure.  Tenant  at 
will,  X.  270,  1  a.  Tenant  on  sufferance,  1  b. 

Tenassep.im,  in  British  Burmah,  XV.  636. 

Tench,  fish,  XV.  637  (ill.). 

Tencin,  Claudine  Alexandrine  Gu6rin  de  [tang- 
sang],  French  woman  of  society,  XV.  637 ; 
I.  271,  2  a. 

Tenc'teri ,  ancient  German  tribe,  I.  271,  1  be. 

Tender,  in  law,  XV.  638. 

Tendo  Achillis  (anatomy),  XV.  78,  1  a.  In 
club-foot,  IV.  718,  2  be;  719,  1  be,  2  a. 

Tendon  (anatomy),  XV.  639. 

Ten'ebrce ,  office  of  \  VIII.  776,  1  c  (Holy  Week). 

Tene'brio  (entomology),  II.  477,  2  a.  T.  moli- 
tor,  XI.  313,  1  ab. 

Tenebrosi  [ta-na-bro'-ze],  school  in  painting, 
XII.  799,  2  be. 

Tenedos,  island,  Grecian  archipelago,  XV.  639. 

Tenement ,  dominant  and  servient :  see  Ease¬ 
ment. 

Tenerani,  Pietro  [ta-na-ra'-ne],  Italian  sculp¬ 
tor,  XV.  639. 

Tenerife  [ta-na-re'-fa] :  see  Teneriffe. 

Teneriffe  [ten-e-rif'],  island,  Canaries,  XV. 
640.  Peak,  1  b. 

Tenia ,  plant,  X.  398,  1  a. 

Teniers,  David,  the  elder  [ten'-yers],  Flemish 
painter,  XV.  640.  David,  the  younger,  2  a. 

“  Ten  of  liberty  and  peace ,”  Florentine  magis¬ 
trates,  X.  786,  1  be. 

Tennant,  William,  Scottish  poet,  XV.  640. 

Tennantite ,  mineral  (from  Smithson  Tennant, 
F.R.S.,  1761-1813,  professor  of  chemistry  at 
Cambridge),  XV.  50, 1  c. 

Tennemann,  Wilhelm  Gottlieb,  German  histo¬ 
rian  of  philosophy,  XV.  640  ;  XIII.  430,  1  b. 
47 


Tennent,  Sir  James  Emerson,  British  author, 
XV.  641. 

Tennessee,  state,  XV.  641.  State  seal  (ilk), 
ib.  Population,  2  be.  'Topography,  642, 

1  c.  Rivers,  2  be.  Geology,  2  c.  Miner¬ 
als,  643,  1  ab.  Natural  curiosities,  644,  1  c. 
Climate,  2  ab.  Soil,  2  b.  Flora,  2  be. 
Fauna,  645,  1  a.  Agriculture,  1  ab.  Man¬ 
ufactures,  2  ab.  Banks,  646,  2  a.  Inter¬ 
communication,  ib.  Government,  1  b.  Fi¬ 
nances,  647,  1  be.  Public  institutions,  2  a. 
Education,  2  c.  Libraries,  newspapers,  &c., 
649,  1  ab.  Religious  organizations,  1  b. 
History,  1  be. 

Tennessee  River,  XV.  650. 

Tennis,  game  of  ball,  XV.  651. 

Tenno :  see  Mikado,  XI.  530,  2  a,  and  Japan, 
IX.  538,  1  ab,  539,  1  c. 

Tennyson,  Alfred,  English  poet,  XV.  651. 
Frederick,  652,  1  b. 

Tenochtitlan  [ta-noach-te-tlan'],  original  name 
of  Mexico,  II.  176,  1  ab,  c ;  XI.  482,  2  c. 
Tenor,  in  music,  XV.  652. 

Tenorio :  see  Don  Jijan,  VI.  211,  1  c. 
Ten’otome ,  surgical  instrument,  IV.  719,  2  c. 
Tenot'omy ,  surgical  operation,  IV.  719,  2  ab  ; 

XV.  639,  2  b;  XVI.  741,  2  c. 

Ten! pins ,  game,  III.  168,  1  b,  2  a. 

Tenrec ,  animal,  VIII.  712,  1  c ;  XI.  292,  1  a. 
Tensas,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XV.  652.  River 
(about  250  m.  long),  XVI.  492,  1  c,  2  a. 
Tensile  resistance ,  of  materials,  XV.  416,  1  a. 
Tension ,  in  sewing  machines,  XIV.  802,  1  be. 
Automatic,  803,  1  a. 

Tenson  [tang-song],  poetic  combat,  XII.  88,  2  b ; 
XIV.  40,  1  c. 

Tent,  XV.  652  (ills.).  Hospital  tents,  654,  1  a 
(ilk). 

Tenter  den,  Lord :  see  Abbott,  Charles. 

Ten  thousand ,  retreat  of  the  :  see  Xenophon. 
Tenthredin' idee  (entomology),  IV.  106,  2  b; 
XIV.  653‘,  2  a. 

Tenthre'do  cera'si  (entomology),  XV.  109,  1  b. 
Tentorium,  Roman  tent,  XV.  652,  2  b  (ill.). 
Tentorium  cerebelli  (anatomy),  III.  188,  1  b; 
190,  1  a. 

Tenuch  [ta-nooch/],  Aztec  sovereign,  11.176, 1  c. 
Tenure,  of  property,  XV.  654. 

Teooal'li  [Sp.  ta-o-ka'-lye] :  see  Mexico,  XI. 

474,  2  b,  and  CnoLULA  (ilk). 

Teos,  ancient  Ionian  city,  XV.  656. 
Teotihuacan  [ta-o-te-wa-kan'],  pyramids  of,  I. 
397,  2  b. 

Tepanecs,  ancient  Mexican  race,  XI.  472,  1  c. 


738 


TEPELENI 


TERTIARY 


Tepeleni  [ta-pa-la'-ne],  town  of  Albania  (pop. 

about  3,000),  I.  310,  2  ab,  b. 

Tephillin ,  XIII.  477,  2  b  (Phylacteey). 
Tephri'tis  (entomology),  YI.  130,  1  c. 
Tepidarium ,  in  ancient  baths,  II.  383,  1  b  (ill.). 
Teplitz,  watering  place  of  Bohemia,  XV.  656. 
Teploff'  (Grigori,  died  1779),  Russian  senator, 
referred  to,  IV.  Ill,  2  b. 

Tequendama,  Falls  of  [ta-kain-da'-ma] :  see 
Bogota,  II.  782,  2  c. 

Tekamo  [ta'-ra-mo],  province  of  Italy,  XY.  656. 
Capital,  1  b. 

Teeatology,  branch  of  physiology,  XY.  656 ; 
XI.  764,  2  b. 

Terbia ,  an  earth,  XY.  656,  2  c. 

Teebium,  supposed  metal,  XY.  656. 

Teebueg,  Gerard  [tair'-burg],  Dutch  painter, 
XY.  657. 

Teeceiea  [tair-sa'-e-ra],  island,  Azores,  XV.  657. 
Terebenthene ,  XYI.  78,  1  a. 

Terebinthus :  see  Manich^ans,  XI.  107,  1  a. 
Terebmt'ulci  (brachiopoda),  III.  177,  2  c.  T. 
septentrionalis  (ill.)?  il>- 

Teee'do  :  see  Ship  Woem,  XI Y.  870,  2  c;  Y. 
202,  1  c;  XI.  722,  1  a.  T.  navalis,  XIY. 
871,  1  a  (ill.). 

Teeence,  Roman  comic  poet,  XY.  657. 
Terepentilene ,  XYI.  78,  1  ab. 

Teresa ,  Saint :  see  Theeesa. 

Teresia,  Mme.  [ta-ra'-ze-a],  dwarf,  YI.  335,  2  c. 
Terfezia  (botany),  XYI.  14,  1  a. 

Terges'te ,  ancient  city,  XY.  863,  2  c ;  864,  1  c. 
Tergesteum ,  edifice  in  Trieste,  XY.  864,  1  a. 
Teehune',  Mary  Virginia,  American  novelist, 
XY.  657. 

Ter'mes  (entomology),  XY.  657,  2  c.  T.  belli- 
cosus  (or  fatalis),  658,  2  a  (ill.) ;  frontalis, 
659,  1  a. 

Teemini-Imeeese  [tair'-me-ne-e-ma-ra'-za],town 
of  Sicily,  XY.  657. 

Terminus ,  Roman  deity,  XII.  118,  2  b,  be; 
534,  2  b ;  III.  756,  1  a. 

Tee'mites  [Lat.  ter'-me-teez,  plural  of  termes\ , 
white  ants,  XY.  657 ;  I.  169,  1  b. 

Ter  mo ,  G.  K.  [tair'-mo],  nom  de  plume,  III. 
309,  2  a. 

Termonde  [tair-mon'-deh] :  see  Dendeemonde. 
Teen,  bird,  XY.  659.  Caspian  tern,  1  be; 
Cayenne  or  royal,  1  c  (ill.)  ;  sooty,  2  ab ; 
Wilson’s,  2  be;  arctic,  2  c;  black,  660,  1  a. 
Referred  to,  VIII.  319,  2  c. 

Ternary  compounds ,  or  salts ,  XII.  475,  1  a. 
Constitution  of,  VII.  597,  2  be.  Ternary 
hypothesis,  XIY.  583,  1  be. 


Ternary  scale  of  numbers,  I.  708,  1  c. 

Teenate  [tair-na'-ta] :  see  Moluccas. 
Teenaux,  Guillaume  Louis,  baron  [tair-no], 
French  manufacturer,  XY.  660.  Benri 
Ternaux-Campans,  1  b.  Mortimer,  ib. 
Teeni  [tair'-ne],  town  of  Italy,  XY.  660. 
Teepan'dee,  Greek  musician,  XY.  660. 
Terpenes,  XYI.  77,  2  be  (Tuepentine,  Oil  of), 
Teepsichoee  [terp-sik'-o-re],  muse,  XY.  660. 
Teeea,  Roman  deity,  XY.  660. 

Tebeacina  [tair-ra-che'-na],  town  of  Italy,  XY. 
660. 

Teeea  Cotta,  earthenware,  XY,  660 ;  XIY. 

715,  2  b.  Corinthian  vases  of,  Y.  354,  2  a. 
Teeea  del  Fuego  :  see  Tieeea  del  Fuego. 
Teeea  di  Baei  :  see  Baei. 

Teeea  di  Lavoeo  :  see  Casebta. 

Teeea  d’Oteanto  :  see  Lecce. 

Terrai  [tair-rl'j,  pestilential  tract  in  India, 
VIII.  731,  2  a. 

Terra  Japonica ,  a  vegetable  extract,  VII.  607, 

1  be;  IV.  105,  2  c. 

Terrai',  land  breeze  in  Cuba,  VIII.  519,  2  c. 
Terra  Lemnia ,  medicinal  earth,  X.  336,  1  a. 
Terra  ponder osa,  II.  313,  1  a  (Baeium). 
Teeeapin,  land  tortoise,  XV.  661.  Yellow- 
bellied,  1  c ;  red-bellied,  2  a  (ill.) ;  Florida, 

2  ab;  chicken,  2  c;  salt-water,  662,  1  a. 
Teeee  Bonne  [Fr.  tair  bun;  usually,  tar  bone], 

parish  of  Louisiana,  XY.  662. 

Teeeebonne,  county  of  Canada,  XY.  662. 
Teeee  Haute  [ter'-re  hut;  Fr.  tail*  ote],  city 
of  Indiana,  XY.  662. 

Teeeell,  county,  XY.  662. 

Terreplein  [tair-plain' ;  Fr.  -plan?],  in  fortifica¬ 
tion,  VII.  329,  2  ab.  (See  plan.) 
Teeeesteial  Magnetism  :  see  Magnetism,  Ter¬ 
restrial. 

Terre  rerte  [tair  vairt],  XII.  805,  2  b  (Paints). 
“  Terrible  Tractor ationf  poem,  VII.  157,  1  be. 
Teeeiee,  dog,  XY.  662  (ill.). 

Territion,  in  torture,  XY.  814,  2  a. 

Territories,  western,  early  settlement  of,  VII. 

535,  2  a.  Surveys  of,  XY.  491,  1  c. 
Territory  of  the  United  States  south  of  the  Ohio , 
XY.  649,  2  ab. 

Tertian  type ,  of  fever,  VII.  164,  2  c.  Double 
tertian,  165,  1  a. 

Teetiaeians,  in  a  monastic  order,  XY.  663 ; 

VI.  200,  2  c ;  VII.  427, 1  a ;  XI.  730,  1  c. 
Tertiaries ,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Tertiary  order :  see  Teetiaeians  (Index). 
Tertiary  period,  in  geology,  VII.  697,  2  ab. 
Fauna  and  flora  of,  698,  1  a. 


TERTULLIAN 


THACKERAY 


739 


Tertullian,  churcli  father,  XY.  663;  X.  198, 
2  be.  On  dreams,  YI.  255,  2  a. 

Teruel  [ta-roo-aiT],  province  of  Spain,  XV. 
664.  Capital,  1  b. 

Tesa:  see  Theza. 

Tesohen  [ta'-shen],  town  of  Austria,  XY.  664. 
Peace  of,  ib. 

Tessa-Zion ,  learned  Abyssinian,  YI.  752,  2  a. 

Tessel'lce,  XY.  753,  1  a,  ab  (Tile). 

Tes'serce,  in  mosaic,  XI.  856,  2  a ;  857,  1  be. 

Tessin  [Fr.  ta-sang ;  Ger.  tes-seen'] :  see  Ticino. 

Testa ,  of  plants,  XIII.  591,  2  c. 

Test  act ,  in  England,  IX.  518,  1  ab,  c.  Repeal 
of,  YI.  139,  2  a. 

Testament:  see  Will,  and  YI.  57,  1  be.  Ro¬ 
man,  ib. 

Testament,  Old  and  New:  see  Bible  (Index). 

Testamur ,  at  Oxford,  XII.  766,  1  b. 

Testimony  :  see  Evidence. 

Testing  machines,  XY.  419,  2  a  (ills.)  (Strength 
of  Materials). 

Test  oath  cases ,  in  tbe  supreme  court,  II.  92, 1  a. 

Testry ,  battle  of,  XIII.  278,  1  b. 

Testudina'ria  elephan'tipes  (botany),  XY.  813, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Testudinata,  order  of  reptiles,  XY.  664  (ill.). 

Testudini'na  (zoology),  XY.  664,  2  b. 

Testu'do ,  a  covering  of  shields,  I.  740,  2  a. 

Testudo  elephantopus  (zoology),  XY.  813,  1  b. 
T.  Graeca,  1  b  ;  polyphemus,  812,  2  c ;  nigra, 
VII.  557,  1  b. 

Tet'antjs,  disease,  XY.  666. 

Tetarata  [ta-ta-ra'-ta],  boiling  spring  in  New 
Zealand,  VII.  784,  2  c. 

Tetrabranchia'ta  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  2  be. 

Tetradac' tylus  Decresien'  sis  (zoology),  XIY. 
771,  1  b. 

Tetragram’ maton,  the ,  X.  846,  2  a  (Magic). 

Tetragonol’  epis,  fossil  fish,  VII.  615,  2  a  (ill.). 

Tetrahe' drite,  mineral,  XY.  50,  1  c. 

Tetralogy ,  of  the  Greek  drama,  VIIL  213,  2  b. 

Tet'rao  (ornithology),  VIII.  270,  2  a.  T.  uro- 
gallus,  2  ab ;  hybridus,  2  be ;  Canadensis,  2  c ; 
phasianellus,  671,  1  c;  cupido,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
tetrix,  II.  676,  2  c  (ill.). 

Tetra'odon  (ichthyology),  XIV.  738,  2  a,  739, 
1  b  ;  YI.  499,  2  be.  T.  electricus,  2  c ;  tur- 
gidus,  XIY.  739,  1  b  (ill.). 

Tetraon'idce  (ornithology),  VIII.  270,  1  c. 

Tet'rapla ,  of  Origen,  XII.  692,  2  c. 

Tetrascope ,  IX.  735,  2  b  (Kaleidoscope). 

Tet'ricus ,  Roman  usurper,  II.  119,  2  b. 

Tetuan  [tet-oo-an'  or  tet-wan'],  city  of  Moroc¬ 
co,  XY.  667. 


Tetzel,  Johann,  German  monk,  XV.  667 ;  X. 
726,  2  c. 

Teu'cer,  king  of  Troy,  XY.  668.  Grecian  hero, 
1  ab. 

Teufelsdrbckh ,  Diogenes  [toi'-felce-drok],  in  Car¬ 
lyle’s  “  Sartor  Resartus,”  III.  797,  2  ab. 
Teufelsmuhle  [-mii-leh],  VIII.  493,  2  c  (Hartz). 
Teuffel,  Wilhelm  Sigismund  [toi'-fel],  German 
philologist,  XY.  668. 

Teut  [toit] :  see  Tuisco,  and  YU.  737,  1  be. 
Teuta ,  Illyrian  queen,  IX.  194,  1  a. 

Teutoburg  Forest  [toi'-to-boorg],  XY.  668; 
XYI.  569,  2  b. 

Teutonic  Knights,  religious  and  military  or¬ 
der,  XY.  668;  XIII.  644,  2  c.  Founder  of, 
VII.  451,  2  ab. 

Teutonic  languages:  see  Germanic  Races  and 
Languages. 

Teutonic  society ,  referred  to,  XIY.  596,  2  b. 
Teutons,  ancient  German  race,  XY.  669  ;  VII. 
737,  1  ab,  2  b. 

Tecere  [ta'-va-ra],  river:  see  Tiber. 
Tewkesbury,  town  of  England,  XY.  669. 
Texan' a,  county  seat,  IX.  483,  1  b. 

Texas,  state,  XY.  669.  State  seal  (ill.),  ib. 
Population,  670,  1  a.  Topography,  2  a. 
Coast,  2  c.  Rivers,  671, 1  ab.  Geology  and 
minerals,  2  a.  Climate,  2  c.  Soil,  672,  1  c. 
Fauna  and  flora,  2  a.  Agriculture,  2  c. 
Manufactures,  673,  1  b.  Commerce,  2  b. 
Banks,  2  c.  Intercommunication,  ib.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  674,  1  be.  Finances,  675,  1  a. 
Public  institutions,  1  c.  Education,  2  a. 
Libraries,  newspapers,  &c.,  676,  1  b.  Re¬ 
ligious  organizations,  ib.  History,  1  c.  An¬ 
nexation  of,  678,  2  b.  See  Houston,  Sam, 
and  IX.  837,  2  a. 

Texas,  county,  XV.  679. 

Texel,  island,  Netherlands,  XV.  679. 

Texier,  Charles  Felix  Marie  [ta-se-a],  French 
archaeologist,  XV.  680. 

Textiraria  globulosa  (ill.),  VII.  311,  2  a  (Fora- 
minifera). 

Teyde ,  peak  of  [ta'-e-da] :  see  Teneriffe. 
Tezcatlipoca  [tess-ka-tle-po'-ka],  Mexican  di¬ 
vinity,  I.  397,  1  a  (twice). 

Tezcuco  [tess-koo'-ko],  town  of  Mexico,  XY. 

680.  Kingdom  of,  XI.  472,  2  a. 

Tezel  [ta'-tsel] :  see  Tetzel. 

Thacii'er,  James,  American  physician,  XY.  680. 
Thacher,  Peter,  American  clergyman,  XY.  680. 
Thackeray,  William  Makepeace,  English  au¬ 
thor,  XY.  680.  Anne  Isabella,  authoress, 

681,  1  b. 


740 


THACKRAH 


THEODORA 


Thackrah ,  on  coagulation  of  the  blood,  II. 
734,  1  b,  c. 

Thaek,  Albrecht  [tair],  German  agricultural 
writer,  XY.  681. 

Thai,  the  [t’hi  or  ti],  Indo-Chinese  race,  IX. 
253,  1  be. 

Tha'is,  Athenian  courtesan,  XY.  681. 

Thais  (entomology),  III.  498,  1  b. 

Thakombau,  king  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  YII. 
113,  2  ab. 

Thakoors ,  Rajpoots,  IX.  214,  1  a. 
Thalassid'roma  (ornithology),  XIII.  365,  2  a. 
T.  pelagica,  2  b  (ill.). 

Thalassochelys  caouana  [tha-las-sok'-e-lis  ka- 
wa'-na],  (zoology),  XVI.  80,  2  a. 

Thalberg,  Sigismond  [tal'-bairg],  Swiss  pianist, 
XY.  681 ;  XII.  93,  2  c.  Zaire,  XY.  682, 1  a. 
Thaler  [ta'-ler],  coin,  XY.  682. 

Tha'les,  Greek  philosopher,  XY.  682.  His 
idea  of  the  figure  of  the  earth,  YI.  354,  2  c. 
Thali'a,  muse,  XY.  682. 

Thallium,  metal,  XY.  682. 

Thallo ,  one  of  the  Horae,  VIII.  816,  1  c. 
Thallogens ,  in  botany,  X.  408,  1  c. 

TJiallous  oxide ,  XY.  682,  2  b. 

Thallus ,  of  a  lichen,  X.  408,  1  c. 

Thames  [taimz],  river  of  Connecticut,  XY.  682. 
Thames,  river  of  Canada,  XY.  682.  Battle  of 
the  Thames,  683,  1  a;  IX.  663,  1  ab. 

Thames  [temz],  river  of  England,  XY.  683. 
Bridges,  X.  592,  1  ab.  River  quays,  or 
Thames  embankments,  1  c.  Tunnel,  616,  1  c. 
Subway,  617,  1  b. 

Thames  ballast ,  V.  208,  2  c. 

TnAN,Moricz  [tan],  Hungarian  painter,  XY.  683. 
Thanes ,  Anglo-Saxon  landholders,  I.  499,  2  b. 
Than'et,  Isle  of,  England,  XY.  683. 
Thanksgiving  Day,  religious  festival,  XY.  683. 
National:  during  the  revolution,  684,  1  ab ; 
on  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  1  b ;  for 
peace  (1815),  ib. ;  during  the  civil  war,  1  c; 
annual  since  that  time,  ib. 

Thargal  (Tidal  of  the  Bible),  YI.  485,  2  a;  IY. 
230,  2  ab. 

Thasos,  island,  Grecian  archipelago,  XY.  684. 
Thassilo  II.  [tas'-se-lo] :  see  Tassilo  (Index). 
Thatch ,  roofing,  XIY.  420,  1  a. 

Thatched  House  tavern ,  London,  I.  340,  1  c. 
Thatcher,  Benjamin  Bussey,  American  author, 
XY.  684. 

Thaumale’a  (ornithology),  XIII.  384,  2  b.  T. 
picta,  ib.  (ill.,  385). 

Thaumaturgist,  IX.  707, 1  a.  Thaumaturgy,  1  ab. 
u  Thaumaturgus  of  Britain,'1'1  Y.  595,  1  b. 


Thayendanega :  see  Brant,  Joseph. 

Thayer,  county,  XY.  684. 

The' a  (botany),  XV.  598,  2  b,  c. 

Theans,  class  of  Hindoos,  XI.  47,  2  ab. 
Theatines  [the'-a-tinz],  religious  order,  XY. 
684;  IY.  421,  2  c. 

Theatre,  XY.  685.  Greek,  1  c.  Roman,  686, 

1  a.  Largest  ancient,  1  b.  Of  the  middle 
ages,  1  c.  Of  England,  2  a.  Of  America, 

2  c.  Largest  theatres,  687,  1  c  (table).  Chi¬ 
nese,  2  a. 

Thebce :  see  Thebes. 

Theba'ic  version  of  the  Scriptures,  V.  333,  1  c. 
Thebaina  [theb-a-i'-na],  alkaloid,  XII.  650, 1  a. 
Thebais  [theb'-a-is],  Egypt,  XY.  687. 

Thebes,  in  Egypt,  XY.  687.  Ruins  of,  2  c; 
at  Gurna,  688,  1  a ;  at  Medinet-Abu,  1  b ;  at 
Luxor,  2  a  (ill.) ;  at  Ivarnak,  689,  1  a  (ill.). 
Thebes,  in  Greece,  XV.  689.  Expedition  of 
the  “seven  against  Thebes,”  I.  131,  1  a. 
Thebes,  county  seat,  I.  275,  2  c. 

Thecal  abscess,  XYI.  609,  2  c.  Treatment,  ib. 
The  Dalles  [dalz],  county  seat,  XYI.  468,  2  c. 
Theft:  see  Larceny.  “Theft  or  piracy”  in 
marine  insurance,  IX.  318,  2  ab. 

Theine  [the'-in] :  see  Caffeine,  and  Tea,  XY. 
601,  2  a. 

Theiner,  Augustin  [ti'-ner],  German  historian, 
XY.  689.  Johann  Anton,  theologian,  690,  2  a. 
Theiss  [tice],  river  of  Hungary,  XY.  690. 
Thekla  [tek'-la],  pseudonyme,  YI.  331,  1  a. 
Thelwall,  John,  English  author,  XY.  690. 
Themis,  in  Greek  mythology,  XY.  691. 
Themistius ,  heretic,  I.  188,  2  c. 

Themistocles  [the-mis'-to-kleez],  Athenian 
general,  XY.  691. 

Tiienard,  Louis  Jacques,  baron  [ta-nar],  French 
chemist,  XY.  691.  His  investigations  and 
discoveries  in  chemistry,  IY.  367,  1  ab,  b. 
Theobald,  Lewis,  English  author,  XY.  692. 
Theobro'ma  (botany),  III.  531,  2  c.  T.  cacao 
(ill.),  532. 

Theobromine  [the-o-bro'-min],  IY.  789,  2  ab. 
Theocracy  of  Christendom,  Leibnitz’s  plan  of, 
X.  323,  1  be;  324,  1  a. 

Theoc'ritus,  Greek  poet,  XY.  692. 

Theocritus,  modern:  see  Meli. 

Theoda'tus ,  Byzantine,  IX.  726,  2  c. 

Theodatus,  king  of  the  Ostrogoths,  I.  374,  1  a; 
IX.  727,  2  c,  728,  2  a. 

Theod'olite,  surveying  instrument,  XY.  692 
(ill.). 

Theodo'ra  :  see  Justinian,  IX.  727,  2  ab,  and 
II.  243,  2  c. 


THEODORE 


THESPIS 


741 


Theodore,  King :  see  Abyssinia,  I.  46,  2  b. 

Theodore  /.,  king  of  Corsica :  see  Neuhof. 

Theodore  Lascaris ,  emperor  of  Nicaea,  I.  292, 
2  c.  See  Lascaris,  X.  179,  la,  and  Nice, 
XII.  427,  2  c. 

Tiieod'oret,  Syrian  theologian,  XV.  693. 

Tiieod'oric,  the  Great,  king  of  the  Ostrogoths, 
XV.  693.  Referred  to,  I.  238,  2  a. 

Theodoric  the  Visigoth ,  referred  to,  I.  155,  2  b 
(twice) ;  VIII.  126,  1  c. 

Theodo'rus  of  Samos ,  ancient  cameo  engraver, 
III.  651,  2  c. 

Theodosia:  see  Kaffa. 

Theodosia ,  Roman  station,  VI.  309,  1  b. 

Theodosiopolis :  see  Erzerum,  VI.  722,  2  c. 

Theodosius,  Roman  general,  XV.  693. 

Theodosius  I.,  the  Great,  Roman  emperor, 
XV.  694;  I.  385,  1  a  (Ambrose). 

Theodosius  II,  Byzantine  emperor,  III.  513, 
2  b ;  IV.  622,  1  c ;  V.  7,  1  b.  Porphyry’s 
work,  “Against  the  Christians,”  destroyed 
by  his  order,  XIII.  719,  2  b. 

Theodosius  III.,  I.  458,  1  c;  III.  515,  1  b. 

Theodosius ,  Saint  (abbot  at  Kiev,  author  of  ex¬ 
tant  sermons,  died  about  1080),  catacombs 
of,  IX.  830,  1  b. 

Theognis,  Greek  poet,  XV.  694. 

Theology,  XV.  694.  First  used  in  its  modern 
sense,  2  c.  Branches  of,  695,  1  a,  ff.  In¬ 
fluence  of  Abelard,  1  b ;  of  Kant,  1  c.  In 
Roman  Catholic  schools,  2  a.  Scholastic 
theology,  2  b.  Types  of  in  the  Reformed 
church,  XIV.  253,  2  ab,  ff.  New  England 
theology,  254,  1  c. 

Theoph’ano  ( Theophania ),  Byzantine  empress, 
III.  516,  1  b.  German  empress,  her  daugh¬ 
ter,  XIII.  729,  2  b  ;  730,  1  a. 

Theoph'ilus ,  Byzantine  emperor,  III.  515,  2  b. 

Theophilus,  patriarch  of  Alexandria  (385-412), 
I.  291,  2  c. 

Theophrastus,  Greek  philosopher,  XV.  695. 
His  work  on  botany,  III.  131,  2  ab,  c ;  on 
minerals,  XI.  588,  2  c. 

Theoplironius,  ancient  sectary,  I.  188,  2  c. 

Theoph'ylact,  Simocatta,  Byzantine  historian, 
XV.  696. 

Theopiiylact,  Greek  theologian,  XV.  696. 

QeordKog :  see  Nestorius,  XII.  241,  2  c. 

Theowas ,  Saxon  slaves,  I.  499,  2  c. 

Thera,  island  of  Greece,  XV.  696  ;  VI.  676, 
lb.  A  variety  of  wine,  VIII.  217,  1  a. 

Theramenes  [the-ram'-e-neez],  Athenian  polit¬ 
ical  leader,  XV.  696. 

Therapeutce,  of  Egypt  (Jewish  sect),  I.  467, 1  c. 


Theresa,  Saint  [t&h-res'-sa  or  te-re'-sa],  Span¬ 
ish  mystical  writer,  XV.  696. 

Theresa ,  Saint ,  of  New  France:  see  Mary  of 
the  Incarnation. 

Theresians ,  religious  order,  XV.  697,  1  a. 
Theresiopel  [ta-ra-ze-o'-pel] :  see  Szabadka. 
Theri’aca,  medical  preparations,  XII.  647, 1  ab. 
The'riac  compound ,  medical,  XI.  347,  2  a. 
Therip'pides:  see  Demosthenes,  II.  797,  2  a. 
Therma:  see  Salonica,  XIV.  570,  2  b. 
Thermos  Herculis :  see  Mehadia. 

Thermae  Himerenses :  see  Termini-Imerese. 
Thermae  Selinuntae  :  see  Sciacca. 

Therma'ic  Gulf:  see  Salonica. 

Thermal  rays,  risible,  ratio  of  to  the  total  num¬ 
ber,  XVI.  91,  2  c. 

Thermal  springs,  XVI.  499,  1  a.  Indifferent, 
XI.  594,  2  c. 

Thermal  unit,  XV.  327,  1  c. 

Thermes,  palais  des  [pa-la  da  tairm],  Paris, 
XIII.  89,  1  c. 

Thermidor,  revolution  o/[tair-me-dor],  IV.  436, 
1  be.  See  France,  VII.  389,  2  b;  Robes¬ 
pierre,  XIV.  359,  2  a. 

Thermodynamic  unit ,  V.  378,  2  c. 
Thermo-Electricity,  XV.  697  (ill.).  Thermo¬ 
electric  pile,  or  battery,  698,  1  a  (ill.) ;  Far¬ 
mer’s,  II.  667,  1  be. 

Thermography,  XIV.  428,  2  c. 

Thermometer,  XV.  698.  Mercurial,  699,  1  a. 
Construction  of,  1  b.  Fahrenheit,  Reaumur, 
and  centigrade  thermometers,  2  a  (ill.).  Self- 
recording,  700,  la  (ills.).  Differential,  2  a. 
— Air  thermometer,  Jolly’s,  XIV.  Ill,  2  ab 
(ill.).  Deep-sea  thermometer,  II.  74,  1  c; 
Six’s,  ib. ;  Saxton’s,  2  a  ;  Miller-Casella,  ib. ; 
Wet-bulb,  IX.  133,  1  c. 

Thermopylae,  XV.  700.  Polyandrium,  701, 1  a. 

French  Thermopylae,  so  called,  I.  697,  1  c. 
Thermostat ,  of  the  automatic  fire  alarm,  XV. 
620,  1  c. 

Thermo-tension,  of  metals,  XV.  421,  2  be. 
Thermotics,  VIII.  567,  1  a. 

Theroigne  de  Mericourt  [ta-rwany’  duh  ma- 
re-koor],  French  revolutionist,  XV.  701. 
These’ um,  temple  at  Athens,  II.  60,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
XV.  701,  2  b. 

Theseus  [the'-suce],  legendary  hero,  XV.  701. 
Thes'iger,  Sir  Frederick:  see  Chelmsford. 
Thesmophoria,  Greek  mysteries,  XII.  115,  1  a. 
Thesmoth' etce,  of  Athens,  I.  667,  1  a. 

Thespice,  seat  of  the  worship  of  Eros,  VI.  718, 2  c. 
Thespis,  founder  of  Greek  tragedy,  XV.  701 ; 
VI.  245,  1  a. 


742 


THESSALONIANS 


THOMASIUS 


Thessalonians,  Epistles  to  the,  XV.  702. 
Thessaloni'ca  :  see  Salonica. 

Thessaly,  division  of  ancient  Greece,  XY.  702. 
Inhabitants,  2  b.  History,  2  c.  Present  po¬ 
litical  relations,  703,  1  a. 

Thethys ,  XY.  282,  1  be  (Sponge). 

Thetis,  in  Greek  mythology,  XY.  703;  XII. 
230,  1  ab. 

Thevart ,  Abraham  [ta-var],  early  glass  manu¬ 
facturer,  YIII.  9,  1  a. 

Thevenot,  Melcliisedech  [taiv-no],  French  trav¬ 
eller,  XY.  703.  Jean  de,  traveller,  1  be. 
Theza  [ta'-za],  town  of  Morocco,  XY.  703. 
Thiahi  [the-a'-ke] :  see  Ithaca,  Greece. 
Thian-shan  mountains  [te-an'-shan],  II.  8,  1  c. 
Thibaut  IY.  or  YI.  as  count  of  Champagne, 
I.  as  king  of  Navarre  [te-bo],  XY.  703. 
Thibaut,  Anton  Friedrich  Justus,  German  ju¬ 
rist,  XY.  703. 

Thibet  [tib'-et],  region  of  central  Asia,  XY. 
703.  Situation,  2  c.  Physical  features,  704, 

1  b.  Systems  of  drainage,  1  c.  Climate,  2  a. 
Yegetation,  2  b.  Minerals,  2  be.  Animals, 

2  c.  Inhabitants,  705,  1  a.  Manufactures 
and  commerce,  ib.  Language  and  literature, 

1  b.  Religion,  1  c.  Political  relation  and 
government,  ib.  History,  2  ab.  Thibetans, 
IX.  252,  2  ab. 

Thibet ,  Cashmere ,  or  shawl  goat ,  YIII.  57, 1  c; 
XY.  704,  2  c,  705,  1  a.  Attempts  to  natural¬ 
ize  it,  IY.  55,  2  c. 

Thibodeaux  [tib-o-do'J,  county  seat,  X.  103,  2  b. 
Thiergarten  [teer'-gar-ten],  park  in  Berlin,  II. 

565,  2  ab;  XIII.  104,  1  be. 

Thieeey,  Jacques  Nicolas  Augustin  [tyair-re], 
French  historian,  XY.  705.  Amedee  Simon 
Dominique,  historian,  706, 1  ab.  Gilbert,  1  be. 
Thiees  [tyair],  town  of  France,  XV.  706. 
Thiees,  Louis  Adolphe,  French  statesman,  XY. 
706.  (Died  1877.)  Action  of  the  Thiers 
ministry  in  behalf  of  Kossuth,  X.  49,  2  c. 
See  Commune  de  Paeis,  Y.  162,  1  b,  164, 

2  be ;  his  proclamation  for  a  final  attack  on 
Paris,  166,  2  a;  demolition  of  his  house, 
167,  1  c. 

Thieesch,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  [teersh],  German 
philologist,  XY.  707.  Heinrich  Wilhelm 
Josias,  theologian,  708,  1  a. 

Tliierwolff  [teer'-vulf] :  see  Wolff,  Wilhelm. 
Thieves'  Latin ,  XY.  85,  2  b  (Slang). 

Thilorier  [te-lo-re-a],  his  apparatus  for  lique¬ 
fying  carbonic  acid,  YIII.  578,  1  ab. 
Thimbleberry ,  XI Y.  210,  1  b  (Raspbeeey). 
Thionville  [tyong-veel] :  see  Diedenhofen. 


Thiosulphuric  acid ,  XY.  457,  2  a. 

Thied  Estate  :  see  States  Geneeal,  and  Y. 

280, 1  c;  VII.  380,  2  a,  b;  X.  661, 1  c,  662,  2  ab. 
Third  order  of  penitence,  in  monastic  orders, 
YI.  200,  2  c. 

Thirds ,  origin  of  the  term  :  see  Soeuple. 

Third  silver  ( tiers-argent ),  I.  368,  2  b. 
Thielwall,  Connop,  English  historian,  XY. 

708.  On  the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey,  YIII. 
779,  2  b. 

Thiest,  XY.  708. 

Thirty ,  the ,  battle  of,  II.  427,  2  c. 

Thirty  tyrants ,  of  Athens,  II.  56,  1  c;  YIII. 

195,  1  be.  See  Cephas,  and  Tiieeamenes. 
Thirty  tyrants ,  aqe  of  the ,  in  the  Roman  em¬ 
pire,  VII.  579,  2  ab. 

Tiiiety  Yeaes’  Wae,  XY.  708.  Beginning  of, 

709,  2  c ;  II.  789,  1  ab ;  VII.  133,  1  c.  Its 
influence  on  Czech  civilization,  II.  789,  1  ab  ; 
on  German,  VII.  754,  1  ab.  Peace  of  West¬ 
phalia,  XY.  711,  2  be.  See  Cheistina,  IY. 
548,  1  b;  Gustavus  II.,  Adolphus;  Tilly; 
and  Wallenstein. 

This :  see  Abydos,  I.  42,  1  ab. 

This'be  :  see  Pyeamus  and  Thisbe. 

Thistle,  plant,  XY.  712.  Common,  2  b  (ill.)  ; 
creeping  or  Canada,  713,  1  b  (ill.).  Native 
thistles,  2  a.  Cotton  thistle,  ib. 

Thistle,  Order  of  the,  XY.  713. 

Thistle  bird  :  see  Yellow  Bied. 

Thistlewood ,  Arthur  (born  1772,  leader  in  the 
Cato  street  conspiracy,  executed  1820),  re¬ 
ferred  to,  I.  129,  1  a. 

Tholuck,  Friedrich  August  Gotttreu  [to'-look], 
German  theologian,  XY.  713.  (Died  1877.) 
Tholus  of  AEsculapius,  YI.  681,  2  c. 

Thomas,  two  counties,  XY.  714. 

Thomas,  Charles  Louis  Ambroise  [tuh-ma], 
French  composer,  XY.  714;  XII.  93,  1  a. 
Thomas,  Christians  of  St. :  see  Oheistians  of 
St.  TnoMAS. 

Thomas,  George  Henry,  American  soldier,  XY. 
714.  See  Chattanooga,  Ciiickamauga,  and 
Nashville. 

TnoMAS,  Isaiah,  American  printer,  XY.  715. 
Thomas,  Joseph,  American  author,  XY.  715. 
Thomas ,  J.  J.,  on  budding,  III.  195,  1  b. 
Thomas,  Saint,  apostle,  XV.  715. 

Thomas  a  Kempis  :  see  Kempis. 

Thomas  Aquinas:  see  Aquinas.  On  the  im¬ 
maculate  conception,  IX.  195,  1  b. 
Thomasius,  Christian  [to-ma'-ze-oos],  German 
philosopher,  XY.  715.  Gottfried,  theologian, 
XY.  716,  1  a. 


TIIOMASSIN 


THRACE 


743 


Tiiomassin,  Louis  de  [tuh-mas-sang],  Frencli 
theologian,  XV.  716. 

Tiiomaston,  town  of  Maine,  XV.  716. 
Thomaston ,  county  seat,  XVI.  219,  1  a. 
Thomasville,  county  seat,  XY.  714,  1  c. 
Thomists  [to'-mists],  followers  of  Thomas  Aqui¬ 
nas,  XI.  719,  2  c. 

Thomomys  [thom'-o-inis],  (zoology),  VIII.  110, 

1  a,  2  c.  T.  bulbivorus,  111,  1  a  (ill.). 
Thompson,  county,  XY.  716. 

Thompson,  Augustus  Charles,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XY.  716. 

Thompson,  Benjamin  :  see  Rumfoed  (Index). 
Thompson,  Daniel  Pierce,  American  novelist, 
XY.  716. 

Thompson,  Elizabeth,  English  painter,  XY.  716. 

(Now  Mrs.  Charles  Butler.) 

Thompson,  Sir  Henry,  English  surgeon,  XY.  717. 
Thompson,  Joseph  Parrish,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XY.  717. 

Thompson,  Launt,  American  sculptor,  XY.  717. 
Thompson,  Thomas  Perronet,  English  political 
reformer,  XV.  717. 

Thompson,  Waddy,  American  lawyer,  XY.  717. 
Thompsonville,  village,  Connecticut,  XY.  718. 
TnoMS,  William  John  [tomz],  English  antiquary, 
XY.  718. 

Thomson ,  county  seat,  X.  781,  1  a. 

Thomson,  Anthony  Todd,  British  physician, 
XY.  718.  Katherine  Byerly,  authoress,  1  c. 
Thomson,  Charles,  American  patriot,  XY.  718. 
Thomson,  Edward,  clergyman,  XY.  718. 
Thomson,  James,  British  poet,  XY.  718. 
Thomson,  James,  British  civil  engineer,  XV. 
719.  On  glaciers,  VII.  830,  2  c. — Sir  Wil¬ 
liam,  mathematician,  XV.  719,  2  a.  Theory 
of  the  sun’s  heat,  VIII.  568,  1  c.  On  the 
scientific  measurement  of  time,  YI.  489,  2  ab  ; 
on  the  rigidity  of  the  earth,  490,  1  a.  On 
glaciers,  VII.  830,  2  c. 

Thomson,  Thomas,  British  chemist,  XY.  719. 
Thomson, William,  English  clergyman,  XV.  720. 
On  logic,  X.  582,  1  b. 

Thomson ,  Prof.  W.  (Wyville),  naturalist:  see 
Deedging,  Deep-Sea,  YI.  257,  1  c;  259, 
1  b,  c ;  260,  1  a. 

Thonnelier  [tiin-nuh-lya],  coining  press  of,  XI. 
619,  2  a. 

Thonon  [tuh-nong],  arrondissement :  see  CnA- 
BLAIS. 

Thoe  [thor  or  tor],  Scandinavian  deity,  XY. 

720  ;  XII.  119,  2  c.  Referred  to,  YI.  399,  2  a. 
Thor acente' 'sis,  surgical  operation,  YI.  266,  2  c. 
Thoracic  duct  (anatomy),  X.  749,  2  c. 


Thoeax,  the  chest,  XY.  720  (ill.). 

Thoeeatt,  Henry  David  [tho'-ro],  American 
author,  XY.  721. 

Thorfinn  [tor'-fin],  Norwegian  prince:  see  Mac¬ 
beth,  X.  771,  2  b. 

Thorfinn  Karlsefni ,  Icelandic  navigator,  XII. 
498,  1  b. 

Thori'num :  see  Thoeium. 

Tho'eium,  metal,  XV.  721.  Thorite,  1  c. 
Thorina,  ib.  Thorinic  chloride,  ib. ;  sul¬ 
phate,  2  a. 

Thoen,  plant,  XY.  721.  Cockspur  thorn,  2  be 
(ill.,  722) ;  other  native  species,  722,  1  b. 
Hawthorn,  1  c  (ill.).  Evergreen  or  pyra- 
canth  thorn,  2  c  ;  VIII.  604,  2  b. 

Thoen  [torn],  town  of  Prussia,  XV.  723. 

Thoen  Apple:  see  Datuea,  Y.  700,  2  a. 

Thoenbuey,  George  Walter,  English  author, 
XY.  723.  (Died  1876.) 

Thoenhill,  Sir  James,  English  painter,  XY. 
723. 

Thorns ,  of  plants,  XIII.  577,  1  c. 

Thoenton,  Bonnell,  English  author,  XY.  723. 

Thornton ,  Col.,  of  the  British  army,  at  New 
Orleans,  IX.  490,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Thoenton,  Matthew,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XY.  723. 

Thoenwell,  James  Henley,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XY.  723. 

Thoenyceoft,  Mary  (Francis),  English  sculp¬ 
tress,  XY.  724. 

Thoeough  Bass,  XY.  724;  XII.  81,  lb. 

Thoeoughwoet  :  see  Boneset. 

Thoepe,  Benjamin,  English  philologist,  XV.  724. 

Thorpe ,  T.  B.  (Thomas  Bangs,  born  1815,  au¬ 
thor  and  painter,  of  New  Orleans  and  New 
York),  referred  to,  XYI.  197,  1  ab. 

Thorvald  [tor'-vald],  Norse  navigator,  XII. 
498,  1  b. 

Thoewaldsen,  Bertel  [tor'-val-zen],  Danish 
sculptor,  XY.  724. 

Thot ,  the ,  of  the  gypsies,  X.  846,  2  a. 

Thoth ,  Egyptian  deity,  Y.  612,  2  c  (ill.);  XII. 
116,  2  c.  His  identity  with  Hermes,  VIII. 
684,  2  be. 

Thothmesium ,  ruins  of  the,  XY.  688,  1  be. 

Thou,  Jacques  Auguste  de  [duh  too],  French 
historian,  XY.  725.  Frangois  Auguste,  2  a. 

Thouaes:  see  Du  Petit-Thouaes. 

Thought  not  instantaneous ,  VIII.  623,  1  c. 

Tho’us  (zoology),  YI.  179,  1  c,  2  a. 

“  Thousand  and  One  Nights  f  I.  624,  1  a. 

Thoyras ,  sieur  de  [twa-ra] :  see  Rapin. 

Theace,  in  ancient  geography,  XV.  725„ 


744 


TIIRALE 


THYMUS 


Tiieale  :  see  Piozzi  (Index). 

Thrasaetus  harpyia  [thra-sa-e'-tus  har'-pe-ya], 
(ornithology),  YIII.  475,  1  a  (ill.). 

Theasher  :  see  Thrush,  XV.  729, 1  a  (ill.,  728). 
Thrasher  (grampus),  VIII.  147,  1  b. 
Thrasybu'lus,  Athenian  general,  XV.  726; 
VIII.  195,  1  c. 

Thrasyl'lus  :  see  Gynossema  (Index). 
Thrasyme'nus,  Lake :  see  Perugia,  and  Han¬ 
nibal,  VIII.  443,  1  a. 

Thread ,  of  a  screw,  XIV.  712,  2  a. 

Thread  Worm:  see  Entozoa,  VI.  670,  1  a; 
I.  804,  1  a. 

Threatening  Letters,  XV.  726. 

“  Three  chapters :  ”  see  Monophysites,  XI.  757, 
2  ab,  and  V.  278,  1  a. 

Three-handed  game ,  in  billiards,  II.  642,  2  c. 
Three  per  cents :  see  Consols. 

Three  Rivers,  city  of  Canada,  XV.  726. 

Three  sisters ,  rivers  of  Ireland,  II.  340,  1  b. 

“  Three  towns”  the ,  XIII.  624,  2  c  (Plymouth). 
Thresher  :  see  Shark,  XIV.  829,  2  a. 
Threshing  Machine,  XV.  726  (ill.,  727). 
Throckmorton,  county,  XV.  727. 
Throgmorton,  Sir  Nicholas,  English  states¬ 
man,  XV.  727. 

Thrombo'sis:  see  Brain,  Diseases  of  the,  III. 

198,  2  a.  Thrombus,  ib. 

Thronateeska  :  see  Flint  River. 

Throndhjem  [trond'-yem] :  see  Drontheim. 
Throstle ,  XV.  728,  2  b  (Thrush). 

Throstle  machine ,  in  cotton  spinning,  V.  414, 1  e. 
Throwing ,  in  pugilism,  XIV.  76,  2  c. 

Throwing ,  in  silk  manufacture,  XV.  42,  1  a. 

Of  pottery,  XIII.  787,  2  c. 

Throwing  wheel ,  potter’s,  XIII.  787,  2  ab. 
Thrown  singles ,  XV.  42,  1  ab  (Silk). 

Thrush,  bird,  XV.  727.  Wood  thrush,  728, 
1  a  (ill.)  ;  missel,  1  c ;  song,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  brown, 
or  thrasher,  729,  1  a  (ill.,  728) ;  water,  1  b. 
European  thrush,  XII.  745,  1  b.  Golden- 
crowned,  2  a. 

Thryoth’  orus  Ludomcia’nus  (ornithology),  XVI. 
735,  1  c. 

Thuanus  :  see  Thou,  Jacques  Auguste  de. 
Thucydides  [thu-sid'-e-deez],  Greek  historian, 
XV.  729 ;  VIII.  214,  1  b. 

Thucydides ,  Greek  statesman,  XIII.  292,  2  a. 
Thud  geyser ,  Wyoming,  VII.  786,  1  c  (ill.). 
Thuggee :  see  Thugs. 

Thugs,  sect  of  assassins.  XV.  729. 

Thuisco  [too-is'-ko] :  see  Tuisco. 

Thuja  (botany),  I.  638,  1  b ;  XI.  839,  2  b  (T. 
articulata).  Referred  to,  X.  401,  1  c;  T. 


gigantea,  2  ab.  T.  occidentalis,  I.  638,  2  a 
(ill.) ;  plicata,  ib. 

Thu'le,  in  ancient  geography,  XV.  730 ;  XIV. 

852,  2  be ;  VII.  683,  2  a,  684,  1  c. 

Thumb ,  Gen.  Tom ,  dwarf,  VI.  336,  1  be. 

Thun  [toon],  town  of  Switzerland,  XV.  730. 
Lake,  1  b. 

TnuNBERG,  Carl  Peter  [toon'-bairg],  Swedish 
botanist,  XV.  730. 

Thunder  :  see  Lightning. 

Thunder  bay ,  in  Lake  Huron,  IX.  78,  2  b. 
Thunderer ,  the ,  epithet  of  Jupiter,  IX.  718,  2  c. 
Thunderer ,  the ,  sobriquet  of  the  London  Times, 
V.  767,  2  be  (Delane). 

Thundering  legion ,  Roman,  I.  574,  2  c. 
Thunder  snake,  IV.  225,  2  b. 

Thunder  stone,  II.  485,  1  be  (Belemnites). 
Thurgau  [toor'-gow],  Swiss  canton,  XV.  730. 
Thurible,  IV.  190,  2  c  (Censer). 

Thurigau  [too'-re-gow],  XV.  529,  2  a  (Switz¬ 
erland). 

Thuringen  [tii'-ring-en] :  see  Thuringia. 
Thuringia,  region  of  Germany,  XV.  730.  Tliu- 
ringian  Forest,  2  c. 

Thurloe,  John,  English  statesman,  XV.  731. 
Thurlow,  Edward,  lord,  statesman,  XV.  731. 

Edward  Hovell-Thurlow,  lord,  writer,  1  c. 
Thurn  and  Taxis  [toorn] :  see  Post,  XIII.  748, 

1  b. 

Thuro,  in  Phoenician  mythology,  XII.  118,  1  c. 
Thurr  [t’hur  or  tur],  desert  in  India,  IX.  200,  2  b. 
Thursday,  XV.  731. 

Thurston,  county,  XV.  731. 

Thusnel'da ,  wife  of  Arminius,  I.  729,  2  b; 
730,  1  a. 

Thy’ amis,  river  of  Epirus,  IX.  526,  1  ab. 
Thyati’ra :  see  Akhissar. 

Thyes'tes  :  see  Atreus. 

Tiiylacine  [thi'-la-sin],  marsupial  animal,  XV. 
731  (ill.) ;  578,  2  c. 

Thylaci’nus  (zoology),  XV.  731,  2  b.  T.  liar- 
rissii,  732,  1  a  (ill.,  731). 

Thylacotherium  (palaeontology),  XV.  732,  1  b ; 
XII.  Ill,  1  b. 

Thymallus  (ichthyology),  VIII.  181,  1  be.  T. 
vulgaris,  1  b;  vexillifer  and  gymnothorax, 

2  ab ;  signifer,  2  c  (ill.). 

Thyme  [time],  plant,  XV.  732.  Wild  or  creep¬ 
ing,  1  c  (ill.) ;  garden,  ib. ;  lemon,  2  a. 
Thymic  asthma,  V.  518,  2  be. 

Thymus  (botany),  XV.  732,  1  c.  T.  serpyllum, 
ib.  (ill.) ;  vulgaris,  1  c,  XI.  174,  2  c ;  citriodo- 
rus,  XV.  732,  2  b. 

Thymus  Gland  (anatomy),  XV.  732  (ill.). 


TIIYNNUS 


TIGER 


745 


Thynnus  (ichthyology),  XVI.  39,  2  be.  T.  vul¬ 
garis,  2  c ;  secundo-dorsalis,  40,  1  a  (ill.) ; 
pelamys,  III.  68,  1  a  (ill.). 

Thyra,  Danish  princess,  betrothed  of  Prince 
Arthur  of  England,  IV.  529,  1  c. 

Thykoid  Gland  (anatomy),  XV.  733. 
Thyrosternum  Pennsylvanicum  (zoology),  XV . 
811,  1  b. 

Thyrsus ,  Bacchanalian  wand,  II.  193,  2  a. 
Tiaguanaco  [te-a-gwa'-na-ko] :  see  Titicaca, 
and  I.  399,  2  a,  i  ;  X.  159,  1  a. 

Tiahuanaco :  see  Tiaguanaco  (Index). 

Tia'ea,  XV.  733  (ills.). 

Tiaropsis  (zoology),  IX.  602,  1  ab. 

Tiars ,  a  class  of  Hindoos,  XI.  47,  2  ab,  be. 
Tibaldi,  Pellegrino  [te-bal'-de],  Italian  artist, 
XV.  734. 

Tibareni,  ancient  people,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Tibboos  :  see  Tuariks,  XVI.  21,  2  a,  and  V II. 
172,  1  c. 

Tibek,  river  of  Italy,  XV.  734. 

Tiberias  :  see  Gennesaket. 

Ti'beris :  see  Tiber. 

Tiberius,  emperor  of  Rome,  XV.  734. 

Tiberius  Apsimerus ,  usurper,  IX.  728,  2  a. 
Tibet  :  see  Thibet. 

Tibials,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

Tibia  utricularis ,  bagpipe,  II.  217,  1  a. 

Tibiscus :  see  Theiss. 

Tibullus,  Albius,  Roman  poet,  XV.  735 ;  IX. 
195,  2  c. 

Tibur  :  see  Tivoli. 

Tical  [te'-cal],  Siamese  coin,  XV.  12,  2  a. 

Tic  Douloureux  :  see  Neuralgia,  XII.  257,  2  b. 
Tiohborne  Trial  [tich'-burn],  XV.  735. 

Ticino  [te-che'-no],  canton  of  Switzerland, 
XV.  736.  River,  2  c. 

Tici'num,  ancient  city,  XIII.  194,  1  b,  2  c. 
Ticinus ,  river,  XV.  736,  2  c.  Battle  of  the, 
IV.  142,  2  be ;  VIII.  442,  2  c. 

Tick,  insect,  XV".  737 ;  VI.  695,  1  c. 

Tiokell,  Thomas,  English  poet,  XV.  737. 
Ticknor,  George,  American  author,  XV.  737. 
Ticondero'ga,  town  of  New  York,  XV.  737. 
Fort,  2  c.  Capture  of,  by  Allen,  738,  1  b; 
I.  328,  2  c.  Ruins  of,  VII.  713,  1  a. 

Tic  polonga,  snake,  IX.  204,  1  c. 

Ticuna  [te-koo'-na] :  see  Wooraea. 

Tidal,  Turanian  chief,  IV.  230,  2  ab;  VI.  485, 
2  ab. 

Tides,  XV.  738.  Relation  of  tides  to  the  moon’s 
phases,  2  a,  if.  Establishment  of  the  port, 
2  ab ;  of  the  place,  740,  1  b.  Spring  and  neap 
tides,  738,  2  be ;  740, 1  be.  Causesof,  739, 1  be. 


Variations  in,  740,  1  be ;  semi-diurnal  tides, 
ib.,  2  c ;  diurnal  inequality,  2  b  ;  retard  or  age 
of  the  tide,  741,  1  b;  luni-tidal  interval,  ib. ; 
half  monthly  inequality  An  time,  2  be.  Mo¬ 
tion  of  water  in  tide  waves,  2  a.  Tides  in 
inland  seas,  742,  2  b.  Complications  of,  2  c. 
On  the  coasts  of  the  United  States,  743, 1  be ; 
tide  tables,  744,  2  a ;  co-tidal  lines,  746,  1  a. 
On  the  British  coasts,  1  b  ;  in  Bristol  chan¬ 
nel,  III.  292,  2  b.  Influence  of  tidal  cur¬ 
rents  on  the  entrances  of  bays,  &c.,  XV.  746, 

1  b ;  hydraulic  system  of  New  York  harbor, 

2  b;  “tide  prism,”  747,  2  a.  “Single  day 
tide,”  744,  1  b.— In  the  bay  of  Eundy,  VII. 
527,  2  c.  Method  of  utilizing  the  force  of 
the  tide,  XIV.  226,  2  a.  See  Coast  Survey, 
IV.  761,  2  b.  Effect  of  the  earth’s  rigidity 
on  the  ocean  tides,  VI.  490,  1  a.  Influence 
of,  on  earth’s  temperature,  XI.  433,  2  c. 

Tie  beam ,  of  a  roof,  XIV .  421,  1  ab. 

Tieck,  Ludwig  [teek],  German  author,  XV. 
747;  VII.  768,  1  c.  Christian  Friedrich, 
sculptor,  XV.  748,  1  ab. 

Tiedemann,  Dietrich  [te^deh-man],  German 
philosopher,  XV.  748.  Friedrich,  physiolo¬ 
gist,  1  c. 

Tiedge,  Christoph  August  [teed'-geh],  German 
poet,  XV.  748. 

Tiefenau,  battlefield  o/[te'-feh-now],  VII.  197, 
2  c. 

Tientsin  [te-en-tseen7],  town  of  China,  XV. 

748.  Treaties  of,  2  c  ;  XIII.  233,  2  c.  Mas¬ 
sacre  of,  IV.  464,  2  be. 

Tierce  [teerce],  in  fencing,  VII.  120,  2  b. 
Tiermes  [teer'-mess],  Lapp  deity,  X.  164,  2  be. 
Tierra  del  Fuego  [te-air'-ra  del  fwa'-go],  group 
of  islands,  XV.  748. 

Tiers-argent  [Fr.  tyair-zar-zhaug],  alloy,  I.  368, 
2  b  (Aluminum)  ;  XII.  432,  2  a  (Nickel). 
Tiers  Etat  [tyair-za-ta] :  see  Third  Estate 
(Index). 

Ties,  railroad,  XIV.  170,  2  a. 

Tieute,  poison,  XVI.  217,  2  a. 

Tiffin,  city  of  Ohio,  XV.  749. 

Tiflis',  government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  X\ . 

749.  Capital  city,  2  a  (view). 

Tiger,  XV.  750  (ill.).  Tree  tiger,  so  called, 
751, 1  a.  Native  tiger  of  Tasmania,  578,  2  c. 
South  American,  IX.  506,  2  a. 

Tiger ,  insect,  VIII.  629,  2  b. 

Tiger  Cat,  XV.  750.  Animals  so  called,  2  b, 
751,  1  a.  Rimau-dalian,  750,  2  be  (ill.). 
Tiger  Flower,  XV.  751  (ill.). 

Tiger  lily,  X.  472,  1  ab. 


746 


TIGER 


TINGIS 


Tiger  Moth  :  see  Mora,  XI.  868,  1  b. 

Tighe,  Mary  [tl],  Irish  authoress,  XY.  751. 
Tiglath-Pileser  :  see  Assyria,  II.  34,  1  a. 

Tiglath-Pileser  II.,  2  be. 

Tigra'nes  raE  Great,  king  of  Armenia,  XY. 

751 ;  I.  724,  1  a.  Tigranes  I.,  723,  2  be. 
Tigre  [te'-gra],  state  of  Abyssinia,  XY.  751. 

Dialect  referred  to,  YI.  753,  1  ab. 

Tigridia  (botany),  XY.  751,  1  ab.  T.  pavo- 
nia,  1  be  (ill.). 

Tigris,  river  of  Asia,  XY.  752. 

Tiguri'ni ,  Helvetian  tribe,  XY.  529,  1  b. 

TiJcus  [te'-koos] :  see  Bulau. 

Tii/burg,  town  of  the  Netherlands,  XY.  752. 
Tilden,  Samuel  J ones,  American  lawyer,  XY. 
752. 

Tile,  XY.  752.  Decorated  tiles,  753,  1  a :  see 
Encaustic,  YI.  591,  1  be;  drain,  YI.  241, 

1  a  (ill.),  XIII.  786,  2  b;  floor,  2  c;  land, 

2  b ;  roofing,  2  c,  XIY.  420,  1  ab. 

Tilghman ,  Richard  [til'-man],  IX.  717,  2  ab. 
Tilia  (botany),  X.  501,  2  c.  T.  Americana, 

502,  2  b  (ill.) ;  heterophylla,  503,  1  a. 
Tilia'cece  (botany),  X.  502,  1  a. 

Tillamook',  county,  XY.  753. 

Tillamook,  county  seat,  XY.  753,  2  b. 
Tillandsia,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  753 ;  XIII. 
527,  2  c.  T.  usneoides,  XV.  754,  1  a  (ill.), 
I.  218,  2  b;  xipliioides,  ib. ;  utriculata,  XIII. 
547,  2  a,  XY.  753,  2  c. 

Tillemont,  Louis  Sebastien  le  Nain  de  [te- 
yuh-mong],  French  historian,  XY.  754. 

Tiller,  of  a  ship,  XIY.  863,  2  be. 

Tilletia  (botany),  referred  to,  VII.  532,  2  c. 
Tillodontia,  order  of  mammals,  XY.  754. 
Tillotherium :  see  Tillodontia. 

Tillotson,  John,  English  prelate,  XY.  754. 
Tilly,  Johann  Tserclaes,  count,  German  sol¬ 
dier,  XY.  755 ;  X.  843,  1  a. 

Tilpin :  see  Turpin. 

Tilsit,  town  of  Prussia,  XY.  755.  Treaty  of, 
ib. ;  I.  282,  1  a;  III.  42,  2  c;  VII.  459,  2  a; 
XIII.  648, 1  be ;  XIY.  492,  2  a ;  XYI.  464,  2  c. 
Tilton,  Theodore,  American  author,  XY.  755. 
Timbac ,  plant,  II.  215,  2  b. 

Timber:  see  Wood,  XVI.  704,  1  a. 

Timbre  [tim'-ber  ;  Fr.  tangbr’] :  see  Sound,  XY. 

177,  2  b;  Music,  XII.  74,  1  ab. 

Timbs,  John,  English  author,  XY.  755. 

Tirnby,  Theodore  R.,  inventor,  IX.  381,  1  he. 

Timby’s  revolving  turret  (monitor),  ib.  (ill.). 
Timbuctoo',  town  of  Africa,  XY.  755. 

Time,  measurement  of  minute  intervals  of,  YI. 
489,  2  a.  See  Velocimeter. 


Times,  London,  newspaper,  XII.  334,  2  c,  335, 

1  ab,  be.  See  Walter,  John,  and  Delane. 
Timoleon,  Corinthian  general,  XY.  756. 
Timon,  the  Misanthrope,  XY.,  756. 

Timon,  nom  de  plume,  V.  358,  1  b. 

Timor  [te-more'J,  island,  Indian  archipelago, 
XY.  756. 

Timo'theus,  Athenian  general,  XY.  757. 
Timothy,  disciple  of  Paul,  XV.  757. 

Timothy,  Paulician  leader,  XIII.  177,  2  b. 
Timothy,  Epistles  to,  XY.  757. 

Timothy  Grass,  XY.  757  (ill.,  758). 

Timothy  Titcomb ,  nom  de  plume,  VIII.  766,  2  c. 
Timour  [te-moor'J,  Asiatic  conqueror,  XY.  758. 
Timpa,  caves  of,  I.  190,  1  a. 

Timpanogos  [tiin-pa-no'-goce],  lake,  XI.  472, 

2  ab.  River,  XYI.  232,  2  a. 

Timrod,  Henry,  American  poet,  XY.  759. 
Timuquans,  Indian  tribe,  XY.  759. 

Tin,  XY.  759.  Tin  cry,  2  a.  Chemistry  of, 
2  ab ;  “  tin-prepared  liquor,”  2  c.  History 
of,  760,  1  a.  Distribution,  1  c;  “tin  floors,” 
761,  1  a ;  alluvial  tin  ore,  or  stream  tin,  1  ab. 
Metallurgy  of  tin,  762,  1  b ;  Saxon  shaft  fur¬ 
nace,  763,  1  a  (ill.);  grain  tin,  2  b.  Uses  of 
tin,  764,  1  a ;  tin  foil,  ib. ;  tin  plate,  or  sheet 
tin,  1  be. — Straits  tin,  XI.  48,  2  c.  Alloys  of  : 
see  Amalgam,  Britannia  Metal,  Bronze, 
Mirror,  Pewter,  and  Speculum. 

Tina ,  Etrurian  deity,  YI.  765,  2  be. 

Tinamo'tis  (ornithology),  XY.  765,  2  a. 
Tin'amou,  gallinaceous  bird,  XY.  765  (ill.). 

Great  tinamou,  1  c ;  rufescent,  ib. 

Tinamus  (ornithology),  XY.  765,  1  be.  T. 
Brasiliensis,  1  c. 

Tinea  (ichthyology),  XY.  637,  2  a.  T.  vul¬ 
garis,  ib.  (ill.). 

Tincal ,  crude  borax,  III.  88,  2  be ;  purification 
of,  2  c.  Tincana,  ib. 

Tinctura  Giobertina,  for  restoring  erased  writ¬ 
ing,  XIII.  12,  1  c. 

Tincture,  medical,  XY.  765. 

Tincture,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  a;  672,  2  c. 
Armed  of  a  tincture,  673,  1  b ;  langued  of, 
ib. ;  unguled  of,  1  be ;  attired  of,  ib. 

Tindal,  Matthew,  English  author,  XY.  765. 
Tindale,  William :  see  Tyndale. 

Tin'ece  (entomology),  XI.  870,  1  c.  Tinea  ves- 
tianella,  2  a ;  tapetzella,  pellionella,  and  cri- 
nella,i5. ;  granella,  ib.,  and  XYI.  589, 1  c  (ill.). 
Tinea  lupinosa ,  disease  of  the  scalp,  YI.  689, 1  b. 
Tinghai  [ting-hi'] :  see  Chusan,  IY.  570,  1  b. 
Tingis,  ancient  city,  XY.  566,  2  a. 

Tingis  (entomology),  VIII.  629,  2  be. 


TIN  ISLANDS 


TIZA 


747 


Tin  islands ,  XIV.  693,  1  a.  See  Cassiterides. 
Tinmouth ,  earl  of, ’  II.  586,  2  ab. 

Tinn£  [tin-na/],  American  Indians,  XV.  766. 
Divisions,  1  a. 

Tinne,  Alexandrine  Petronella  Francina  [tin'- 
neli],  Dutch  traveller,  XV.  766. 

Tinning  of  mirrors,  XI.  632,  2  c,  ff. ;  I.  375, 1  a. 
Tinnunculus  (ornithology),  IX.  814,  lb.  T. 
alaudarius,  1  c  (ill.) ;  cenchris,  2  c ;  sparve- 
rius,  XV.  230,  2  ab  (ill.). 

Tinoceras  [tin-os'-e-ras],  fossil  mammal,  XV. 
766. 

Tinstone ,  XV.  760,  1  c  (Tin). 

Tintellust :  see  Air,  I.  217,  1  a  (twice),  b. 
Tintoretto,  II,  Italian  painter,  XV.  766. 

Tioga,  two  counties,  XV.  766. 

Tiononta'tes:  see  Wyandots,  and  IX.  79,  2  c. 
Tip ,  brush  used  in  gilding,  VII.  808,  2  a. 
Tipare'nos :  see  Spezzia. 

Tippah,  county,  XV.  767. 

Tippecanoe  [tip-pe-ka-noo'],  river  of  Indiana, 
XV.  767.  Battle  of,  V.  709,  2  a ;  IX.  239,  2  ab. 
Tippecanoe,  county,  XV.  767. 

Tipperary,  county  of  Ireland,  XV.  767. 

Tippoo  Sultan,  or  Tippoo  Sahib,  sovereign  of 
Mysore,  XV.  767 ;  XI.  48,  1  b  ;  IX.  210,  2  a. 
Tipton,  two  counties,  XV.  767. 

Tipton,  county  seats,  IV.  166, 1  b;  XV.  768,  lab. 
Tiptonville,  county  seat,  X.  109,  2  a. 

Tip'ula  (entomology),  VI.  129,  1  c.  T.  olera- 
cea,  ib. 

Tipu'ladce  (entomology),  VIII.  51,  2  ab. 
Tiraboschi,  Girolamo  [te-ra-bos'-ke],  Italian 
author,  XV.  768. 

Tiras,  son  of  Japhetli,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Tiresias,  Greek  soothsayer,  XV.  768. 

Tirhalcah  [tir-ha'-ka],  Ethiopian  king,  II.  35, 
2  c;  VI.  749,  2  be. 

Tirida'tes,  Parthian  king,  XIII.  135,  1  ab. 

Tirsi  [teer'-se],  nom  de  plume,  VII.  184,  1  c. 
Tirthankaras,  saints  of  the  Jains,  IX.  508, 1  a. 
Tiruvalluver,  Tamil  author,  IX.  229,  1  c. 
Tiryns,  ancient  city  of  Greece,  XV.  768. 
Tisohbein,  Johann  Heinrich  Wilhelm  [tislF- 
bine],  German  painter,  XV.  768. 
Tischendorf,  Lobegott  Friedrich  Constantin 
von  [tish'-en-dorf],  German  Biblical  palaeog¬ 
rapher,  XV.  768. 

Tishomingo,  county,  XV.  770. 

Tisiphone  [ti-sif'-o-ne] :  see  Eumenides. 
Tissapher'nes,  Persian  general,  XV.  770 ;  I. 

186,  1  c,  2  a ;  262,  2  c  (twice). 

Tissot,  Simon  Andr6  [tees-so],  Swiss  physician, 
XV.  770. 


Tissues,  animal,  VIII.  745,  1  b. 

Tisza  [te'-sa] :  see  Tiieiss. 

Tit ,  blue,  bird,  XV.  775,  1  c.  Hanging  tit, 

2  a  (ill.). 

Titania,  fairy  queen,  VII.  65,  1  b. 

Titanium,  metal,  XV.  770.  Discovery  of,  X. 

23,  1  a.  In  iron  ores,  IX.  406,  2  b. 
Titanotherium :  see  Tinoceras,  and  VI.  673, 1  c. 
Titans,  in  Greek  mythology,  XV.  771 ;  V.  794, 

1  be. 

Titcomb,  Timothy,  nom  deplume, VIII.  766,  2  c. 
Tite,  Sir  William,  English  architect,  XV.  771. 
Tithes,  a  tax,  XV.  771. 

“  Tithe  war  ”  in  Ireland ,  IX.  359,  2  b. 

Tithing,  territorial  division,  XIII.  660,  2  b. 

See  Hundred,  and  Police,  XIII.  660,  2  b. 
Tithingman,  V.  267,  1  a. 

TitJionic  rays ,  I.  75,  2  b.  Tithonicity,  ib. 
Titho'nus ,  Trojan  prince,  II.  120,  2  c. 

Titi  [te'-te],  variety  of  monkey,  XVI.  294,  1  b. 
Titian  [tish'-an],  Italian  painter,  XV.  772. 
Titian  of  Verona,  the :  see  Brusasorci. 
Titicaca,  Lake  [te-te-ka'-ka],  XV.  773;  III. 
12,  2  c. 

Titiens :  see  Titjens. 

Titien'ses:  see  Romulus,  XIV.  419,  1  a,  and 
XIII.  167,  2  c. 

Titius  [te'-tse-oos],  (Johann  Daniel,  1729— ’96, 
professor  at  Wittenberg),  law  of,  XIII.  569, 

1  c.  See  Bode. 

Titjens,  Therese  [teet'-yence],  German  vocal¬ 
ist,  XV.  773.  (Died  1877.) 

Titlark,  bird,  XV.  773.  American,  774,  1  ab 
(ill.) ;  Missouri,  1  c.  European,  meadow,  or 
pipit  (titling),  ib. 

Titles  of  courtesy,  English,  XIII.  226,  1  a. 
Titling,  XV.  774,  1  c  (Titlark). 

Titmarsh ,  Michael  Angelo,  pseudonyme,  XV. 
680,  2  ab. 

Titmouse,  bird,  XV.  774.  Tufted,  2  be  (ill.)  ; 
black-capped,  775,  1  a;  great  titmouse,  or 
tit,  ib. ;  blue  tit,  1  c  ;  hanging  tit,  2  a  (ill.). 
Titus,  county,  XV.  775. 

Titus  (Titus  Flavius  Sabinus  Vespasianus),  Ro¬ 
man  emperor,  XV.  775.  Baths  of,  II.  383, 

2  a  (ilk).  Arch  of,  XIV.  412,  2  a  (ill.). 
Titus,  companion  of  St.  Paul,  XV.  776. 

Titus,  Epistle  to,  XV.  776. 

Titus  (Simeon),  Paulician  leader,  XIII.  177,  2  b. 
Titusville,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XV .  776. 
Tivoli  [te'-vo-le],  towTn  of  Italy,  XV.  776. 

Tiw  [tew] :  see  Tuesday. 

Tiz  [teez],  ancient  city,  IV.  271,  1  a. 

Tiza  [te'-sa],  mineral,  III.  89,  2  a. 


748 


TIZIANO 


TOLLENDAL 


Tiziano  Vecello  [te-tse-a'-no  va-chel'-lo] :  see 
Titian. 

Tlaloc ,  Mexican  divinity,  I.  397,  1  a. 

Tlascala :  see  Tlaxcala. 

Tlaxcala  [tlax-ka'-la],  state  and  city  of  Mexico, 
XV.  776.  Republic,  2  c;  Y.  385,  2  c. 
Tlemcen,  town  of  Algeria,  XY.  777. 

Tlicoatl  [tle-kwatl'J,  serpent,  II.  762,  2  c. 
Trnolus ,  Mt.,  I.  239,  1  a  (Ala-Shehe). 

Toad,  XY.  777.  Common  European,  2  c  (ill.)  ; 
natterjack,  mephitic,  or  green,  778,  2  a  ;  com¬ 
mon  American,  2  ab ;  accoucheur,  2  c ;  Su¬ 
rinam,  779,  1  b  (ill.). 

Toad  Fish,  XY.  779.  Grunting,  2  a;  common 
American,  2  ab  (ill.).  Care  of  its  young, 
YII.  239,  2  a. 

Toadstool ,  1. 173, 1  c  ;  YII.  528, 2  a;  XII.  70, 2  b. 
Tobacco,  XV.  779.  Tobacco  plant,  780,  1  a 
(ill.).  Extent  of  cultivation,  2  ab ;  methods, 
781,  1  a.  Hand  of  tobacco,  782,  1  b  (ill.). 
Yield,  2  a.  Varieties,  2  ab.  Preparation,  2  c. 
Cut  tobacco,  783,  1  b.  Snuffs,  1  c ;  use  of 
in  “  dipping,”  785,  1  ab.  Composition  of 
tobacco,  783,  2  c.  Adulterations,  784,  1  be. 
Medicinal  effects,  2  a.  Statistics,  785,  1  b. 
Tobacco ,  oil  of  ’  XY.  784,  1  b ;  XII.  437,  1  c. 
Tobacco  amaurosis ,  XV.  785,  1  a. 

Tobacco  camphor ,  volatile  oil,  XY.  784,  1  a. 
Tobacco  Indians :  see  Wyandots. 

Tobacco  Pipe  :  see  Pipe,  Tobacco. 
Tobacco-pipe  fish ,  XIII.  537,  1  a. 

Tobacco  worm ,  XY.  781,  1  c. 

Toba'go,  island,  West  Indies,  XY.  785. 

Tobe,  cotton  garment,  VIII.  450,  2  be. 

Tobias:  see  Tobit  (Index). 

Tobit,  book  of  the  Apocrypha,  XY.  785. 
Tobolsk',  government  of  Siberia,  XY.  786. 
Capital  city,  1  b. 

Toby ,  printing  block,  III.  595,  2  b. 

Tocantins  [to-kan-teenss'J,  river  of  Brazil,  XY. 

786. 

Tocat :  see  Tokat. 

Tocqtteville,  Alexis  Charles  Henri  Clerel  de 
[dull  tiik-veel],  French  author,  XY.  786. 
Tocuyo  [to-koo'-yo],  cotton  cloth,  III.  15,  1  ab. 
Tod,  James,  English  soldier,  XV.  786. 

Toda,  tribe  in  India,  IX.  215,  2  be;  XII.  218, 
1  be. 

Todd,  three  counties,  XY.  786. 

Todd,  Francis ,  charged  with  piracy  by  Garri¬ 
son,  YII.  628,  2  c. 

Todd,  Henry  John,  English  clergyman,  XY.  787. 
Todd,  James  Henthorne,  Irish  antiquary,  XY. 

787.  See  Beehon  Laws. 


Todd,  John,  American  clergyman,  XY.  787. 
Todd,  Robert  Bentley,  British  physiologist, 
XY.  787. 

Toddy ,  fermented  sap,  I.  763, 1  c ;  XIII.  19,  2  b. 
Toddy  Teee  :  see  Palm,  XIII.  18,  1  c  (ill.). 
Tod-hah-dohs ,  Indian  chief,  X.  575,  2  b. 
Todhuntee,  Isaac,  English  mathematician,  XY. 
787. 

Todi ,  Giacapone  da ,  author  of  “  Stabat  Mater,” 
YII.  427,  1  a. 

Todleben,  Franz  Eduard  [tote'-la-ben],  Rus¬ 
sian  military  engineer,  XY.  788.  (Com¬ 
mander-in-chief  in  Turkey  1878.) 

Toende  [ton'-deli],  Danish  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 
Tofana  :  see  Aqua  Tofana. 

Toga,  garment:  see  Pallium,  XIII.  16,  1  ab. 
Toggenburg ,  county  of  [tug'-gen-boorg],  XY. 

529,  2  b.  Second  war  of,  530,  2  c. 

Toggle  joint,  in  mechanics,  XI.  329,  1  c  (ills.). 
Togluk  [to-glook'],  dynasty  of,  in  India,  IX. 
207,  2  c. 

Togeul  Beg  [to-grool'] :  see  Seljuks. 

Togue,  fish,  XYI.  9,  1  ab. 

Toiles  de  Cholet  [twal  dull  sliuh-la],  fabrics,  IV. 
515,  1  ab. 

Toions,  Kamtchatdale  chiefs,  IX.  741,  1  b. 
Tokaido  [to-ki'-do],  highway  in  Japan,  IX. 
741,  1  c. 

Tokat',  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  XY.  788. 
Tokay  [to-ki'J,  town  of  Hungary,  XY.  788. 

Wine,  IX.  66,  1  be. 

Token,  XII.  535,  1  c  (Numismatics). 

To'kio,  capital  of  Japan,  XY.  788 ;  X.  13,  2  c. 
Fires  in,  Y.  237,  1  b. 

Tokolyi,  Imre :  see  Hungaey,  IX.  58,  1  ab. 
Tokugawa  [to-koo-ga'-wa],  sliogunate  of,  IX. 
542,  2  c. 

Toland,  John,  British  author,  XV.  788. 
Tole'do  [Sp.  to-la'-^o],  province  of  Spain,  XV. 
789.  Capital  city,  1  c.  Alcazar,  2  ab  (ill.). 
History,  2  b. 

Toledo,  city  of  Ohio,  XY.  790. 

Toledo ,  county  seat,  XY.  561,  1  ab. 

Toledo,  pyramid  of,  in  Peru,  I.  400,  2  c. 

Toledo  blades,  XY.  789,  2  b. 

Tolentino,  treaty  <?/[to-len-te'-no],  XIII.  559,  2b. 
Toleration ,  edict  of,  in  Austria,  IX.  688,  1  b. 
Toleration  act ,  English,  YI.  615,  2  c ;  XIY. 
233,  2  c. 

Tole'tum ,  XV.  789,  1  c  (Toledo). 

Toling,  for  wild  ducks,  III.  734,  1  a-c. 
Tolland,  county,  XY.  790. 

Tolland,  county  seat,  XY.  791,  1  a. 

Tollendal,  baron  of:  see  Lally. 


TOLLEXS 


TOPOLIAS 


749 


Tollens,  Hendrik  Corneliszoon,  Dutch  poet, 
XV.  791. 

Tolna  [tole'-naw],  county  of  Hungary,  XY.  791. 
Tolosa:  see  Toulouse. 

Tolstoi,  Russian  family,  XY.  791. 

Toltecan :  see  Toltecs  (Index). 

Toltecs,  ancient  Mexican  race,  XY.  791 ;  I. 
392,  2  a;  455,  2  a.  See  Mayas,  and  Mexi¬ 
co,  XI.  472,  1  a.  Their  solar  year,  481,  2  c. 
Their  picture  writing,  YIII.  721,  1  a. 

Tolu',  Balsam  of:  see  Balsams,  II.  249, 1  b  (ill.). 
Toluca  [to-loo'-ka],  city  of  Mexico,  XV.  791. 

“  Tom  alley”  X.  561,  2  a  (Lobster). 

Toman ,  Persian  coin,  XIII.  320,  2  be. 

Tomato,  XY.  791.  Varieties  of,  792,  1  ab 
(ills.,  791).  Tree  tomato,  2  a  (ill.).  Origin 
of  the  name,  I.  411,  1  b. 

Tombac ,  alloy,  XYI.  817,  1  b;  III.  213,  2  ab. 
Tombigbee,  river,  XY.  792. 

Tomb  mounds  of  Chaldea ,  drainage  of,  XI Y . 
795,  1  a. 

“  Tomb  of  the  Revolution,”  in  the  catacombs  of 
Paris,  IV.  96,  1  c.  “  Tomb  of  Victims,”  ib. 
Tomboro ,  Mt .,  volcano,  XY.  466,  2  a. 

Tom  Green,  county,  XY.  792. 

Tomham :  see  Dairies,  YII.  65,  1  a. 

Tomi ,  ruins  of,  X.  65,  2  a. 

Tomline,  George  [tom'-lin],  English  prelate, 
XY.  793. 

Tommaseo,  Xicolo  [tom-ma-za'-o],  Italian  au¬ 
thor,  XV.  793. 

Tom- o' -Bedlams,  Bedlam  beggars,  II.  450,  1  a-. 
Tomo'mi  Iwakura  [e-wa-koo'-ra],  Japanese 
statesman,  XY.  793 ;  IX.  546,  1  c. 

Tompkins,  county,  XY*.  793. 

Tompkins,  Daniel  D.,  American  statesman, 
XY.  793. 

Tompldnsville ,  county  seat,  XI.  760,  1  c. 
Tomsk,  government  of  Siberia,  XY.  793.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  794,  1  a. 

Toms  River,  county  seat,  XII.  573,  1  a. 

Tom  the  piper,  XI.  847,  1  a  (Morris  Dance). 
Tom  Thumb,  Gen.,  dwarf,  II.  324,  1  b. 

Tomtit ,  bird,  XY.  775,  1  c. 

Tom’yris ,  queen  of  the  Massagetae,  XI.  261, 1  a ; 
Y.  621,  2  b. 

Ton  [tun],  weight  and  measure,  XY.  794. 
Tonbridge :  see  Tunbridge. 

Tone,  Theobald  Wolfe,  Irish  revolutionist, 
XY.  794.  William  Theobald  Wolfe,  2  b. 
Tonga  bean :  see  Tonqua  Bean. 

Tonga  Islands:  see  Friendly  Islands. 
Tongataboo  :  see  Friendly  Islands,  YII.  492, 
2  c.  Cromlech  at  (ill.),  493. 


Tong-Jcing :  see  Tonquin  (Index). 

Tongs ,  for  gathering  oysters,  YI.  256,  2  a. 
Tongue,  XY.  794  (ills.).  Tongue  bone,  77,  2  ab. 
See  Comparative  Anatomy,  V.  177,  2  c ; 
178,  1  ab,  bc-2  ab ;  180,  2  b,  c. 

Tonicity ,  in  music,  XII.  84,  2  a. 

“  Tonic  sol-fa ,”  system  of  notation,  XII.  83, 1  b. 
Toning  bath,  in  photography,  XIII.  471,  1  a. 
Tonlca  bean :  see  Tonqua  Bean. 

Tonometer,  Scheibler's ,  XY.  177,  1  be. 

Tonqua  Bean  [ton'-ka],  XY.  796  (ill.). 

Tonquin  [ton-keen'] :  see  Anam,  I.  456,  2  a. 
Tonquin,  Gulf  of,  XY.  796. 

Tonquin  bean :  see  Tonqua  Bean. 

Tonsillitis,  XY.  796,  2  b.  See  Quinsy. 
Tonsils  (anatomy),  XY.  796. 

Tonstall  :  see  Tunstall. 

Tonti,  Lorenzo ,  XV.  796,  2  be;  797,  1  b. 
Tontine  [ton-teen'],  a  kind  of  life  annuity, 
XY.  796. 

Tonty,  Henry  de,  Italian  explorer,  XY.  797. 
See  La  Salle. 

Tooe'le,  county,  XY.  797.  Capital,  2  a. 
TooJcariJca,  Indians,  XY.  6,  2  a. 

Tooke,  John  Horne,  English  politician,  XY .797. 
Tooke,  William,  English  clergyman,  XY.  798. 

Thomas,  political  economist,  1  c. 

Tool,  of  gold  leaf,  YIII.  86,  2  b. 

Tooling ,  in  bookbinding,  III.  79,  2  c ;  blind 
tooling,  ib. 

Toombs,  Robert,  American  politician,  XY.  798. 
Toorkistan  :  see  Turkistan. 

Toothache  tree,  XIII.  830,  1  c. 

Top,  in  rope  making,  XIY.  425,  2  b. 

Top,  platform  of  mast,  XIY.  864,  2  b. 

Topare  [to-pa-ra'],  XIII.  682,2  a  (Pollanarrua), 
Topaz,  precious  stone,  XY.  798.  False,  2  c, 
Oriental,  XIY.  626,  1  b,  2  c;  IY.  561,  1  c. 
White,  XIY.  131,  2  c. 

Topcastle,  in  a  ship,  XIY.  856,  2  ab. 

Tope,  fish,  XIY.  828,  1  be.  Common  tope,  1  c. 
Tope,  burial  place,  II.  208,  2  a. 

Topeka,  capital  of  Kansas,  XY.  798.  State 
house,  2  c  (ill.,  799). 

Topffee,  Rudolphe  [tup-fair],  Swiss  novelist, 
XY.  799. 

Tophana  [to'-fa-na],  suburb  of  Constantinople, 
Y.  277, 1  ab. 

Tophet,  XY.  799.  See  Gehenna. 

Toplady,  Augustus  Montague,  English  clergy¬ 
man,  XV.  799. 

Toplitz  :  see  Teplitz. 

Topmast,  of  a  ship,  XIY.  864,  2  be. 

Topolias,  lake :  see  Copais. 


750 


TOQUERVILLE 


TORTOISE 


Toquerville  [to'-ker-vil],  county  seat,  IX.  742, 1  b. 

Tor ,  granite  hill :  see  Dartmoor,  V.  693,  2  a. 

Torazzo  [to-rat'-so],  belfry  tower  of  Cremona, 
Y.  474,  2  b. 

Torbane  hill  mineral ,  manufacture  of  gas  and 
oil  from,  IX.  812,  2  ab. 

Torben  Oxe  [ox'-eh],  Danish  courtier,  suspected 
of  poisoning,  IY.  524,  2  c. 

Torbernite ,  mineral,  XVI.  220,  1  b. 

Torch  thistle ,  plant,  XY.  713,  2  ab. 

Tore  lake,  Killarney,  IX.  832,  2  a. 

Torcular  Heroph'ili  (anatomy),  VIII.  692,  1  b. 

Toreno,  Jos6  Maria  Queypo  de  Llano  Ruiz  de 
Saravia,  count  of  [to-ra'-no],  Spanish  states¬ 
man,  XV.  799. 

Toreutic  art ,  of  the  ancients,  XI Y.  716,  1  ab. 

Torf^e'us,  Icelandic  scholar,  XY.  799 ;  IX. 
156,  1  a. 

Torfason ,  Thormodr :  see  Torf^eus  (Index). 

Torgau  [tor'-gow],  town  of  Prussia,  XY.  800. 
Book  of,  ib. ;  Y.  208,  2  a. 

Torgots ,  Calmuck  tribe,  III.  623,  2  a. 

Torino  [to-re'-no] :  see  Turin. 

Torlonia,  Alessandro,  prince,  Italian  capitalist, 
XY.  800. 

Tormentum :  see  Ballista,  II.  245,  1  a. 

Tor  modus :  see  Torf^eus. 

Torna  [tor'-naw],  county  of  Ilungary,  XY.  800. 

Tornacum :  see  Tournay,  XY.  824,  2  c. 

Tornado  :  see  Wind,  XYI.  659,  2  a. 

Tornea  (Swed.  Torned,  tor'-neh-o),  river,  XY. 
800.  Town  of  Finland,  1  c. 

Torngak ,  Esquimaux  deity,  YI.  729,  2  be. 

To'rontal,  county  of  Hungary,  XV.  800. 

Toronto,  capital  of  Ontario,  Canada,  XY.  800. 
University  of,  2  be  (ill.,  801). 

Torpedo,  genus  of  fishes,  XY.  802.  Electrical 
apparatus,  1  b.  Of  the  Mediterranean,  1  c. 
American,  2  a  (ill.).  Early  knowledge  of 
its  electric  power,  YI.  500,  2  b. 

Torpedo,  submarine  instrument  of  destruction, 
XV.  802.  Experiments  of  Fulton,  Colt,  and 
others,  803,  1  a,  fF.  TJse  of  in  the  late  civil 
war,  2  b.  Schools  for  investigating  subma¬ 
rine  warfare,  804,  1  a.  System  of  coast  de¬ 
fence,  1  b;  Austrian,  1  c  (ilk).  Offensive 
torpedoes,  2  c ;  Wood  and  Lay’s,  Whitehead’s, 
Harvey’s,  805, 1  a-c  (ills.).  Submarine  rock¬ 
ets,  2  a,  and  torpedo  boats,  2  b ;  Ericsson’s 
modification  of,  806,  1  a. 

Torquatus,  Titus  Manlius  Imperiosus,  hero  of 
Roman  story,  XY.  806. 

Torquay  [tor-ke'J,  town  of  England,  XY.  806. 
Kent’s  hole,  cavern,  2  a. 


Torquema'da,  Juan  de  [Sp.  tore-ka-ma'-^aj, 
Spanish  theologian,  XY.  806. 

Torquemada,  Tomas  de,  first  Spanish  inquisi¬ 
tor  general,  XV.  806 ;  IX.  294,  2  b.  His 
zeal  restrained  by  the  pope,  XV.  807,  1  a. 

Torre,  duke  de  la  [tore'-ra] :  see  Serrano. 

Torre  de  Belem  [da  ba-leng'],  II.  484,  1  b  (ill.). 

Torre  degli  Asinelli  [da'-lye  a-ze-nel'-le],  lean¬ 
ing  tower  of  Bologna,  III.  18,  1  a  (ill.). 
Torre  Garisenda  or  Mozza,  ib. 

Torre  del  Greco ,  coral  fishery  of,  Y.  342,  2  a. 

Torre  delV  orologio,  of  Venice,  XYI.  298,  1  c. 

Torre  de  oro,  of  Seville,  XIV.  790,  2  b. 

Torre  di  fame  [de  fa'-ma]  (tower  of  hunger), 
VII.  792,  1  c. 

Torrefied  starch ,  YI.  65,  1  c. 

Torres  Yedras  [tor'-ress  va'-drass],  town  of 
Portugal,  XV.  807.  Lines  of,^>.;  X.522, 1  ab. 

Torrey,  John,  American  botanist  and  chemist, 
XY.  807. 

Torre'ya,  genus  of  trees,  XV.  807.  T.  taxi- 
folia,  2  a  (ill.) ;  nucifera,  2  c ;  Calif ornica, 
808,  1  a. 

Torricelli,  Evangelista  [tor-re-chel'-le],  Italian 
mathematician,  XY.  808.  See  Barometer, 
II.  325,  2  c. 

Torsion,  in  amputation,  I.  442,  1  c. 

Torsion,  laws  of  the  elasticity  of,  YI.  489,  2  b- 
In  the  commercial  spring  balance,  2  c.  In 
the  Cavendish  experiment,  ib.  Theory  of,  ib. 

Torsion  Balance:  see  Balance,  II.  234,  1  c; 
Electricity,  YI.  503,  2  b  (ill.,  504);  357,  2  c. 

Torsion  process,  for  making  Damascus  steel,  Y. 
653,  2  c. 

7  • 

Torsk  :  see  Cusk,  Y.  592,  2  a. 

Torstenson,  Lennart,  count  of  Ortala,  Swe¬ 
dish  general,  XY.  808.  See  Christina, 
queen  of  Sweden,  and  Thirty  Years’  War. 

Tort,  in  law,  XY.  808.  Distinction  between 
private  injuries  and  public  wrongs,  2  b.  In¬ 
fringements  of  private  or  individual  rights, 
2  c  ;  wrong  must  be  shown,  809,  1  a.  Dam¬ 
age  presumed  in  legal  wrong,  *1  b.  Liability 
for  recklessness  or  negligence,  1  c.  Intru¬ 
sion  on  another’s  property,  or  usurpation  of 
it,  ib.  Misrepresentation  to  another’s  in¬ 
jury,  2  a.  Liability  of  public  officers,  2  b; 
of  corporations,  ib.  References  for  various 
kinds  of  torts  and  actions,  2  c. 

Torteau,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  2  c. 

Tortilla  [tore-te'-lya],  maize  cake,  XL  43,  2  b. 

Tortoise  [tor'-tis],  XV.  809.  General  charac¬ 
ters  :  see  Testudinata  ;  skeleton  (ill.),  ib. 
Families,  810, 1  b,  ff.  Painted  tortoise,  811, 


TORTOISE 


TOWER 


751 


2  be  (ill.)  ;  speckled  or  spotted,  2  c  (ill.,  812) ; 
geographic,  812,  1  a ;  sculptured,  1  b  (ill.) ; 
box  or  checkered,  1  c  (ill.).  Land  tortoises, 
2  ab ;  African  coui,  2  be ;  gopher,  ib .,  2  c,  ff. ; 
European,  813,  lb;  Galapagos,  ib.  Tortoise 
shell  of  commerce,  2  a;  XVI.  81,  1  ab.  Fos¬ 
sil  gigantic  tortoise,  XV.  812,  2  be.  See  Tur¬ 
tle.  Tenacity  of  life  :  see  Reptiles,  XIV. 
274,  2  ab. 

Tortoise  Plant,  XV.  813  (ill.). 

Torto'la,  West  Indian  island,  XV.  813. 

Tortosa,  city  of  Spain,  XV.  814. 

Tortrices ,  moths,  XI.  870,  1  b. 

Tortugas  [tor-too'-gass],  island  of  the  West 
Indies,  XV.  814.  See  Dry  Tortugas,  and 
Florida,  VII.  280,  1  ab,  b. 

Torture,  in  judicial  proceedings,  XV.  814. 
Technical  terms,  1  c.  Use  for  the  discovery 
of  guilt,  2  a ;  in  England,  2  b,  V.  152,  1  c ; 
by  the  inquisition,  XV.  814,  2  be.  General 
abolition  of,  2  c.  Instruments  and  methods, 
815,  1  a.  Forms  of,  as  punishment  for  crime, 
1  b.  For  extorting  a  plea  :  see  Peine  Forte 
et  Dure. 

Tor'ula ,  a  low  vegetable  germ,  II.  208,  1  b 
(Bacterium)  ;  XIII.  573,  2  be  ;  XVI.  775,  2  b. 
T.  cerevisise,  VII.  142,  2  ab ;  VI.  688,  2  b. 

Torus ,  of  plants,  XIII.  586,  1  a.  In  architec¬ 
ture,  I.  657,  1  c. 

Tory  :  see  Whig  and  Tory.  Long  ascendancy 
of  the  tories,  VII.  708,  1  b. 

Tosaphoth,  in  Jewish  literature,  VIII.  596, 1  a ; 
XV.  560,  2  c. 

Tosca ,  substance  of  obstructions  in  the  Plata, 
XIII.  597,  1  ab. 

Toscana  [tos-ka'-na] :  see  Tuscany. 

Toscanelli,  Paolo ,  cosmographer,  encourage¬ 
ment  of  Columbus  by,  V.  126,  1  ab. 

Tosohi,  Paolo  [tos'-ke],  Italian  engraver,  XV. 
815;  VI.  649,  2  a. 

Tosephta ,  in  Jewish  literature,  VIII.  595,  1  a. 

“  Toss  up”  on  the  stock  exchange,  XV.  388,  1  c. 

Total  Abstinence,  XV.  815.  Early  efforts  in 
America  against  intemperance,  2  ab.  Mod¬ 
ern  temperance  movement,  2  c.  License 
question,  816,  2  b.  Prohibitory  laws,  817, 
1  a.  Political  action,  2  c.  Total  abstinence 
societies,  818,  1  ab.  Great  Britain,  2  b. 

Tot'ila,  Gothic  king  of  Italy,  XV.  819;  VIII. 
126,  2  a ;  IX.  728,  1  a. 

Totis :  see  Dotis. 

Tottenville ,  Staten  Island,  XV.  323,  2  b  (twice). 

Touamotou  islands  [twa-mo-too'J :  see  Low 
Archipelago. 


Tou'oan,  bird,  XV.  819.  Toucans  proper,  820, 
1  b.  Toco  toucan,  ib. ;  yellow-breasted,  1  be ; 
aracari,  2  a;  yellow,  ib.  (ill.). 

Touch,  sense  of  feeling,  XV.  820.  Relative 
acuteness  at  different  points,  2  be.  Effect 
of  cold  and  heat,  821,  1  a  ;  of  other  agencies, 
1  b ;  of  cultivation,  1  be.  In  the  lower 
animals,  1  c. 

Touchstone:  see  Lydian  Stone,  and  IX.  570, 2  b. 

Toul  [tool],  town  of  France,  XV.  821. 

Toulmin,  Camilla  [tool'-min] :  see  Crosland'. 

Toulmin,  Joshua,  English  clergyman,  XV.  821. 

Toulon  [too-long],  seaport  of  France,  XV.  821 
(view,  822). 

Toulon  [too'-lon],  county  seat,  XV.  322,  1  ab. 

Toulouse  [too-looz],  city  of  France,  XV.  822. 
Church  of  St.  Sernin,  1  c  (ill.).  Synod  or 
council  of,  I.  253,  1  c ;  IX.  293,  2  b. 

Touraine,  old  province  of  France,  XV.  823. 

Tour  brune ,  la  [la  toor  brim],  VI.  560,  1  b. 

Tourcoing  [toor-kwang],  town  of  France,  XV. 
823. 

Tour  de  la  Pucelle ,  V..  189,  2  ab. 

Tourmaline  [toor'-ma-lin],  mineral,  XV.  823. 
Form  of,  V.  538,  2  b.  Polarization  of  light 
by  plates  of,  X.  446,  2  a  (ills.).  Tourmaline 
pincetto,  449,  1  a  (ill.). 

Tournai:  see  Tournay. 

Tour'nament,  XV.  823  ;  IV.  497,  2  a.  Joust, 
XV.  824,  1  b.  Arms  employed,  1  c.  Pas¬ 
sage  of  arms,  2  be. 

Tournay,  town  of  Belgium,  XV.  824. 

Tournefort,  Joseph  Pitton  de  [toor-nkh-for], 
French  botanist,  XV.  825. 

Touro ,  Judah ,  Jewish  philanthropist  (1775— 
1854,  merchant  of  Xew  Orleans,  born  in 
Newport),  XII.  327,  2  a;  330,  1  be;  IX. 
617,  2  c. 

Tours  [toor],  city  of  France,  XV.  825. 

Tourville,  Anne  Hilarion  de  Cotentin,  count 
de  [toor-veel],  French  admiral,  XV.  825. 

Tous  les  mois  [too  la  m  wa],  a  starch,  XV.  317, 2  c. 

Toussaint,  Frangois  Dominique,  surnamed 
L’Ouverture  [too-sang  loo-vair-tur],  Ilaytian 
general,  XV.  825.  Made  president  for  life, 
826, 1  c.  Treacherously  seized  and  conveyed 
to  France,  2  be.  Imprisonment,  barbarous 
treatment,  and  death,  2  c. 

Toutin,  Jean  [too-taDg],  artist :  see  Enamelling, 
VI.  590,  1  a. 

Towanda  [to-wan'-da],  county  seat,  III.  179,  2  b. 

Tower  Hamlets ,  London,  X.  592,  1  a. 

Tower  of  hunger :  see  Torre  di  fame  (Index). 

Tower  of  London,  X.  612,  2  b  (ill.,  613). 


752 


TOWER 


TRANSFER 


Tower  of  the  Winds ,  at  Athens,  VI.  68,  1  c. 

Towers ,  round ,  of  Ireland,  IX.  355,  1  a-b. 

Towhee  :  see  Chewink,  and  IV.  394,  1  b. 

Town,  XV.  827.  Germ  of,  1  ab.  In  European 
states,  1  b.  In  New  England,  1  c;  town 
officers,  2  b ;  town  meeting,  2  c.  County 
system  in  the  south  and  west,  ib.  Compro¬ 
mise  system,  828,  1  ab.  Boroughs  and  vil¬ 
lages,  1  c.  City,  2  a. — Town  or  township  in 
U.  S.  territories,  491,  2  ab. 

“  Town  and  gownf  quarrels  of  at  Oxford,  XII. 
761,  2  a. 

Townley,  Charles,  English  art  collector,  XV. 
828.  Townley  collection,  ib. 

Towns,  county,  XV.  828. 

Townsend ,  Rev.  John ,  his  labors  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  V.  732,  1  b. 

Townshend,  Charles  [town'-zend],  English 
statesman,  XV.  828.  Charles  (2d),  states¬ 
man,  829,  1  b.  Townshend’s  act,  taxing 
American  colonial  trade,  1  c;  I.  108,  2  a. 

Township  :  see  Town,  and  Surveying,  XV. 
491,  2  b.  Township  lines,  ib. 

Town's  lattice  truss ,  for  bridges,  III.  273,  1  b. 

Towsontown ,  county  seat,  II.  252,  2  b. 

Toxicodendric  acid ,  XV.  463,  1  b. 

Toxicodendron  :  see  Sumach. 

Toxicology  :  see  Poison,  XIII.  639,  1  a. 

Toxodon  (palgeontology),  XV.  829.  T.  Platen- 
sis,  2  a;  IX.  138,  1  b  (Hyrax). 

Trdbec'ular  tissue  (anatomy),  XV.  280,  1  c. 

Trachea  [tra'-ke-a  or  tra-ke'-a],  (anatomy),  X. 
721,  1  b  (ill.). 

Tracheli'na ,  class  of  animalcules,  I.  515,  1  c. 

Track' emys  scab' r a  (zoology),  XV.  661,  1  c. 

Tracheot'omy,  surgical  operation,  XV.  829. 
See  Croup,  V.  518,  1  c. 

Trachoni'tis ,  II.  359,  2  b,  c  (Bashan). 

Trachyp' terus  (ichthyology),  XIV.  306,  1  c. 

Trachyte  [tra'-kite],  a  volcanic  rock,  XV.  830. 

Tract  and  Publication  Societies,  XV.  830. 

Tractarianism,  religious  movement,  XV.  832. 

Tractors,  Metallic :  see  Perkins,  Elisha. 

“  Tracts  for  the  Times :  ”  see  Tractarianism. 

Tracy  :  see  Destutt  de  Tracy,  and  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  444,  1  a. 

Tracv,  William  de,  murderer  of  Thomas  a 
Becket,  II.  441,  2  b. 

Trade ,  Roman  contempt  of,  XIII.  665,  1  c. 
Trade  dollar ,  VI.  187,  la;  V.  27,  2  be. 

Trade  Mark,  XV.  832. 

Trader's  Hill ,  county  seat,  IV.  321,  2  b. 

Trade  sales ,  establishment  of,  III.  784,  2  be. 

Trades  Union,  XV.  833.  Trades  unions  in 


England,  834,  1  a  (table).  Objects  of,  1  c. 
Effects  of,  835,  1  a.  Trades  union  congress, 

1  be.  National  federation,  1  c.  Strikes  and 
lockouts,  2  a.  Trades  unions  in  Australia 
and  Canada,  2  be;  in  Europe,  2  c;  in  the 
United  States,  836,  2  c.  See  International 
Association. 

Trade  Winds,  XV.  837;  IX.  244,  2  c ;  XII. 

781,  2  b;  XVI.  658,  1  b-c. 

Traditor ,  special  use  of  the  word,  VI.  207, 

2  c;  208,  1  c,  2  c. 

Traf'algar,  cape  of  Spain,  XV.  838.  Battle 
of,  XII.  221,  2  c. 

Trafalgar  square ,  London,  X.  594,  2  b  (ill.). 
Trag'acanth:  see  Gum,  VIII.  321,  1  a. 
Tragedy :  see  Drama. 

Tragopan,  bird,  XV.  838  (ill.). 

Tragopo'gon  (botany),  XII.  774,  1  b.  T.  porri- 
folius,  ib.  (ill.). 

Trag'ulus  (zoology),  XII.  95,  2  b.  T.  Javani- 
cus,  ib. ;  Pygmceus,  2  c  (ill.,  96). 

Tra'gus,  Hieronymus,  German  botanist,  XV. 
838. 

Trail,  Mrs.  Catharine  Parr :  see  Strickland, 
Agnes,  XV.  424,  2  b. 

Trailing  Arbutus  :  see  Arbutus  (Index). 
Training  colleges ,  XII.  483,  2  c. 

Training  day,  annual  drill,  XI.  541,  1  b. 
Trajan,  Roman  emperor,  XV.  838;  X.  197, 
2  be.  Treatment  of  the  Christians,  2  b; 
XIII.  613,  2  ab.  Arch  of,  at  Ancona,  I.  469t 
1  a  (ill.)  ;  atBenevento,  II.  522, 1  a.  Forum 
and  column  of,  at  Rome,  XIV.  413,  1  a  (ilk). 
Trajan’s  wall,  in  the  Dobrudja,  X.  65,  1  b; 
VI.  165,  1  c. 

Trajectory ,  in  gunnery,  VIII.  325,  2  c. 
Trajectum  ad  Rhenum :  see  Utrecht,  XVI. 
237,  2  b. 

Trall,  Russell  Thacher,  American  physician, 
XV.  839.  (Died  1877.) 

Tram,  kind  of  silk  thread,  XV.  42,  1  b. 
Tramelogedia ,  species  of  drama,  I.  295,  1  b. 
Tramontana ,  a  wind,  XIV.  416,  2  c. 

Tramway,  XIV.  170,  2  a  (Railroad). 

Trani  [tra'-ne],  town  of  Italy,  XV .  840. 
Tranquebar  [tran-kwe-bar'j,  town  of  British 
India,  XV.  840. 

Transacincum ,  Roman  colony,  XIII.  349,  1  be. 
Transalpini:  see  Ultramontanists. 
Transcaucasia:  see  Caucasus,  IV.  133,  1  ab- 
Transoendental,  in  metaphysics,  XV.  840. 

School  of  Boston,  XIII.  447,  2  a. 

Transfer  paper,  X.  526,  2  c,  527,  2  b;  ink, 
527, 1  a. 


TRANSFERRING 


TREMOUILLE 


753 


Transferring  process ,  Perkins's,  in  engraving, 
VI.  653,  2  b. 

Transfusion  of  Blood,  XV.  840. 

Transit,  in  astronomy,  XV.  841.  Transits  of 
Venus,  2  ab,  ff. ;  photographing  of,  631,  1  b. 
Of  Mercury,  842,  2  a. 

Transit,  Engineer’s:  see  Theodolite. 

Transit  Circle,  astronomical  instrument,  XV. 
842  (ill.).  Transit  instrument,  2  c;  clock, 
843,  1  a ;  circle,  1  ab ;  telescope,  1  c. 
Transition ,  in  music,  XII.  85,  1  ab. 
Transmigrations  of  the  soul ,  IX.  226,  2  b.  See 
Metempsychosis. 

Transoxiana ,  in  ancient  geography,  II.  799,  2  a. 
Transubstantiation  :  see  Lord’s  Supper,  X. 
638,  2  a.  Term  first  used  controversially, 
2  b ;  officially,  184,  1  be. 

Transvaal  Republic  :  see  Boers,  II.  777,  1  a. 
Transversals ,  theory  of  in  geometry,  VII.  702, 
1  be. 

Transverse  fissure  (anatomy),  X.  536,  2  c. 
Transylvania,  grand  duchy  of  Austria-Hun¬ 
gary,  XV.  845.  History,  846,  2  c. 
Transylvania,  county,  XV.  847. 
Transylvania  University:  see  Lexington, 

Ky. 

Trap,  in  geology,  XV.  847 ;  VIII.  238,  2  c. 
Trapa  bispinosa  (botany),  IV.  54,  2  ab. 
Trapani  [tra'-pa-ne],  province  of  Sicily,  XV. 

847.  Capital  city,  2  a. 

Trap'ezus  :  see  Trebizond. 

Trapper ,  in  English  coal  mines,  V.  66,  2  a. 
Trapping ,  of  the  beaver,  II.  435,  1  b. 
Trappists,  a  branch  of  the  Cistercians,  XV.  847. 
Trararmes  :  see  Juggler,  IX.  707,  2  c. 
Trasgos:  see  Fairies,  VII.  64,  1  a. 

Trash ,  powdered  poppy,  XII.  648,  1  a. 
Trasimeno ,  Lake  [tra-ze-ma'-no] :  see  Perugia. 
Tras  os  Montes  [tras  oce  mong/-tess],  province 
of  Portugal,  XV.  848. 

Trass  :  see  Pozzuolana,  and  IV.  185,  1  c. 
Trastamare ,  Henry  of  [tras-ta-ma'-ra],  XIII. 
223,  2  c. 

Traubensteig  [trow'-ben-stFh],  VIII.  Ill,  1  c. 
Traumatic  causes ,  of  heart  disease,  VIII.  560,  2  c. 
Trausnitz ,  castle  of  [trowce'-nits],  X.  142,  1  a. 
Travancore',  state  of  British  India,  XV.  848. 
Travellers'  club ,  London,  X.  608,  1  a. 
Traveller's  joy,  plant,  IV.  659,  1  c.. 

Traveller's  tree ,  XIII.  547,  1  c;  X.  810,  1  b. 
Travelling  rods ,  in  mining  shafts,  V-71,  1  be. 
Trav'erse,  county,  XV.  849. 

Traverse ,  in  law,  XIII.  607,  2  a. 

Traverse  jury,  IX.  723,  2  a. 

48 


Traversing :  see  Surveying,  XV.  490,  2  a. 
Travertine  [trav'-er-tin],  kind  of  rock,  III.  568, 
1  ab ;  VIII.  548,  2  c. 

Trav'is,  county,  XV.  849.- 

Travis,  Col.  William  Barrett,  I.  236,  1  c. 

Trawl,  fishing  line,  IV.  794,  1  c. 

Tray,  in  playing  cards,  III.  783,  2  be. 
Treadwell,  Daniel,  American  inventor,  XV. 
849. 

Treason,  XV.  849 ;  I.  325,  2  c. 

Treasure  hill,  Nevada,  VIII.  414,  2  a,  b. 
Treasure  Trove,  XV.  852.  Law  of,  VII.  194, 

1  be. 

Treaties,  law  of,  X.  226,  1  b ;  228,  2  c. 
Trebbia,  river  of  Italy,  XV.  852. 

Trebbiano,  wine,  IX.  468,  2  b. 

Trebia :  see  Trebbia.  Battle  of  the,  ib. ;  IV. 

143,  1  a;  VIII.  442,  2  c ;  XIII.  487,  2  ab. 
Trebigne  [treh-bin'-yeh],  town  of  Herzegovina, 
XV.  852. 

Trebinie :  see  Trebigne. 

Treb'izond,  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  XV. 

853.  Capital  city,  1  be  (view).  History,  2  c. 
Tre'bucket  (cucking  stool),  V.  556,  2  ab. 

Tree ce :  see  Troyes,  XVI.  12,  2  a. 

Trecentists,  in  Italian  literature,  IX.  464,  1  c. 
Trecento  period  [Ital.  tra-chen'-to],  in  architec¬ 
ture,  I.  664,  2  be. 

Tredgold,  Thomas,  English  engineer,  XV.  854. 
Tree  Frog,  XV.  854.  Common  N.  American, 

2  a  (ill.) ;  green,  2  c.  Savannah  cricket,  855, 
1  a.  Flying  tree  frog,  ib.  (ill.). 

Tree  goose,  VIII.  107,  2  b. 

Tree-hopper ,  insect,  VIII.  502,  2  be ;  629,  2  c 
(ills.,  630). 

Tree’ nail  [commonly,  trun'-nel],  in  ship  build¬ 
ing,  XIV.  863,  1  be. 

Trees,  age  of:  see  Plants  (Index). 

Tree  Sorrel,  XV.  855  (ill.). 

Tree  toad,  XV.  854,  2  a. 

Tre'foil  :  see  Clover,  IV.  713,  2  c.  In  druidi- 
cal  mysticism,  V.  512,  1  c. 

Tregelles,  Samuel  Prideaux  [tre-glielz'],  Eng¬ 
lish  Biblical  scholar,  XV.  855. 

Trego,  county,  XV.  856. 

Trehala  manna,  XV.  441,  2  be. 

Trehalose:  see  Sugar,  XV.  441,  2  be. 

Trelo  -  Vuno  :  see  Hymettus. 

Tremat’oda  (entozoa),  VI.  667,  1  a. 

Tremblay,  Frangois  Leclorc  du  [dii  trang-bla] : 
see  Joseph,  Father. 

Trem’olite,  VIII.  821,  1  b  (Hornblende). 
Tremouille ,  Catherine  de  la  [tra-mooy’J,  prin¬ 
cess  de  Cond6,  V.  213,  2  b. 


754 


TREMPEALEAU 


TRIGG 


Teempealeau  [trem-pa-lo'],  (from  Fr.  trempe 
d  Veau ,  water-soaked),  county,  XV.  856. 

Teench,  Richard  Chenevix,  British  clergyman, 
XV.  856.  On  miracles,  XI.  625,  2  b. 

Trench  cavaliers ,  siege  mounds,  XY.  30,  1  b. 

Tbenck,  Franz  von  der,  baron,  Austrian  sol¬ 
dier,  XY.  856.  Friedrich  von  der,  baron, 
German  adventurer,  857,  1  a. 

Teendelenbueg,  Friedrich  Adolf,  German  phi¬ 
losopher,  XY.  857 ;  XIII.  443,  1  a. 

Teent,  river  of  England,  XY.  857. 

Teent,  city  of  Tyrol,  XY.  857. 

Teent,  Council  of,  XY.  857.  Referred  to,  X. 
241, 1  ab,  b.  On  the  eucharist,  640, 1  b.  On 
the  immaculate  conception,  IX.  195,  1  c. 

Trent ,  steamer ,  affair  of  the,  XY.  106,  1  ab  ; 
X.  227,  2  c  ;  XII.  261,  1  be ;  XYI.  176,  1  b, 
624,  1  a. 

Trente  et  quarante  [trangt  a  ka-rangt]:  see  Rouge 
et  Noie. 

Trente-un  [trang-tung] :  see  Rouge  et  Noie. 

Teenton,  capital  of  New  Jersey,  XY.  859. 
State  capitol,  2  a  (ill.).  Battle  of,  860,  1  ab. 

Trenton ,  county  seats,  Y.  630,  1  be;  YII.  801, 
2  b ;  VIII.  273,  2  c;  IX.  676,  2  c. 

Teenton  Falls,  village  of  New  York,  XY. 
860.  Falls,  ib. 

Teentschin  [tren-cheen'],  county  of  Hungary, 
XY.  860. 

Teepan'  and  Teephine',  surgical  instruments, 
XY.  860.  Trephining,  2  a.  Key’s  saw,  2  be. 

Treron  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  1  a. 

Teespass,  in  law,  XY.  860  ;  X.  167,  2  b.  Tres¬ 
pass  vi  et  armis ,  XY.  861,  1  a.  Trespass  on 
the  case,  1  b.  “  Trespass  act,”  in  New  York, 
VIII.  417,  1  a. 

Treuga  Dei :  see  Tbuce  of  God. 

Trevelyan's  experiment ,  in  heat,  VIII.  572,  2  a. 
His  apparatus,  2  ab. 

Teeves  (Fr.  Treves ,  traiv),  town  of  Prussia, 
XY.  861.  Porta  nigra,  2  c  (ill.).  “  Holy 
coat”  of,  2  a.  History,  2  c. 

Teevieanus,  Gottfried  Reinhold  [tra-ve-ra'- 
noos],  German  naturalist,  XY.  862.  Lu- 
dolf  Christian,  botanist,  1  b. 

Trevi'ri ,  Celtic  tribe,  XY.  861,  2  c. 

Teeviso  [tra-ve'-zo],  province  of  Italy,  XY. 
862.  Capital,  1  c.  Duke  of  :  see  Moetiee. 

Triad ,  in  music,  XII.  80,  1  b.  Triads  of  the 
Welsh  bards,  YI.  270,  1  c. 

Teiaditza  [tre-a-dit'-sa] :  see  Sophia. 

Triajuncta  in  uno ,  motto,  II.  389,  1  a. 

Teial  :  see  Juby,  Common  Law,  Y.  152,  1  a, 
and  Peocess.  By  combat,  I.  596,  2  b,  ff. 


Triangle:  see  Teigonometey,  XY.  865,  1  be, 
866,  2  a.  Incremental  idea  of  originated, 
II.  340,  2  ab. 

Triangulation,  in  surveying,  IY.  758,  2  ab. 
See  Sueveying,  XY.  489,  2  c,  ft'. 

Trias  (geology),  YII.  697,  1  c. 

Trias  of  German  states,  project  of,  II.  599,  2  b. 

Triascope,  IX.  735,  2  b  (Kaleidoscope). 

Triassic  series,  in  geology,  YII.  697,  1  be. 

Tribigild  [trib'-e-ghild],  Gothic  chief,  I.  641, 1  b. 

Tribonian :  see  Teibonianus  (Index). 

Teibonianus,  Roman  jurist,  XY.  862.  See 
Civil  Law,  IV.  623,  1  c,  2  a ;  624,  1  ab,  be. 

Tribo'nyx  (ornithology),  YII.  579,  2  b. 

Triboulet  [tre-boo-la],  jester  of  Francis  I.,  YII. 
308,  1  a. 

Teib'une,  Roman  officer,  XY.  862. 

Tribu'nus  cel'erum,  T.  mil'itum :  see  Teibune. 

Tribute  to  Algiers,  refused  by  the  United  States, 
I.  306,  lb;  the  example  followed  by  Eng¬ 
land,  ib. 

Trichechus  rosma’rus  [tri-ke'-kus],  (zoology), 
XYI.  442,  1  b. 

Teichina  Spiea'lis  [tre-ki'-na] :  see  Entozoa, 
YI.  669, 1  c  (ill.).  Production  of,  XY. 283, 2  a. 

Teichinop'oly,  town  of  India,  XV.  863. 

Trichiurus  leptu'rus ,  or  argen'teus  [trik-e-ft'- 
rus],  (ichthyology),  XIY.  660,  1  c  (ill.). 

Trichloracet'ic  acid,  IY.  500,  2  ab. 

Trichoglossus  (ornithology),  XIII.  124,  1  ab. 
T.  multicolor,  1  be. 

Tricoceph' dlus  dis'par  (entozoa),  YI.  669,  2  c 
(ill.,  670)  ;  III.  539,  2  a. 

Tei'coloe:  see  Flag,  YII.  250, 1  a.  Adoption 
of  in  France,  X.  97,  2  c. 

Tricoph'yton  ton'surans,  vegetable  parasite, 
XIII.  612,  2  ab;  VI.  689,  2  a  (ill.).  T.  spo- 
ruloides,  ib. 

Teicoupis,  Spiridion  [tre-koo'-pis],  Greek  his¬ 
torian,  XY.  863. 

Tricuspid  valve,  of  the  heart,  VIII.  558, 1  b  (ill.). 

Tridacna  gigas  (conchology),  IY.  629, 1  b  (ill.). 

Tridentum :  see  Teent,  city. 

Trid'ymite,  mineral,  XV.  39,  1  b. 

Triechard  [tre'-kard],  leader  of  the  Boers,  II. 
776,  1  a. 

Teiee  [treer] :  see  Teeves. 

Teieste  [tre-est7],  district  of  Austria,  XY.  863. 
Capital  city,  2  c  (view,  864).  Trieste  or  Aus¬ 
trian  Lloyd’s,  X.  555,  2  b. 

Trifolium  (botany),  IY.  713,  2  be.  T.  pra- 
tense,  2  c  (ill.,  714) ;  incarnatum,  714,  2  c; 
repens,  715,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Teigg,  county,  XY.  865. 


TRIGLA 


TRIVULZI 


755 


Trig'la  (ichthyology),  VIII.  334,  2  be.  T. 
gurnardus,  2  c  (ill.). 

Tri' glyph ,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  656,  2  c. 
Trigonom'etry,  XV.  865.  Trigonometrical 
functions,  1  c,  If.  (ill.)  ;  866,  1  ab.  Practical 
use  of,  1  be  (ill.).  As  a  branch  of  pure  alge¬ 
bra,  2  b.  Improved  by  the  Arabs,  I.  625, 1  c. 
Trihedral  angle ,  I.  456,  lb  (ill.). 

Trillium,  genus  of  plants,  XV.  866.  Common 
names,  867,  1  ab.  T.  grandiflorum  (great- 
flowered),  ib.  (ill.);  erectum  (purple),  ery- 
throcarpum  (red-fruited),  sessile,  and  dis¬ 
color,  1  c.  Nodding  trillium,  ib. 

Tri'lobite  (palaeontology),  XV.  867.  Families, 
868,  1  a.  Genera  and  species,  1  c,  2  b  (ill.). 
See  Crustacea,  V.  533,  1  ab,  c  ;  IX.  838,  2  b. 
Tril'ogy,  dramatic ,  VIII.  213,  2  b ;  I.  151,  2  c; 

VI.  245,  2  a. 

Trimble,  county,  XV.  868. 

Trimmers ,  political ,  referred  to,  XIV.  647, 1  c. 
Trimontium:  see  Piiilippopoli,  XIII.  418,  2  c. 
Trimountain:  see  Boston,  III.  116,  1  b. 
Trimurti  [tre-moor'-te],  Hindoo  trinity,  IX. 

228,  2  be;  229,  2  a. 

Trinacria :  see  Sicily. 

Trincomalee',  town  of  Ceylon,  XV.  868. 
Tringa  (ornithology),  XIV.  599, 1  c.  T.  mari- 
tima  (arquatella),  2  a  ;  alpina,  2  be;  Wilsonii, 
2  c  (ill.)  ;  minuta,  ib. ;  canutus,  X.  30,  2  c. 
Tringi'nce  (ornithology),  XIV.  599,  1  c. 
Tringoi'des  macula' rius  (ornithology),  XV.  583, 
2  c. 

Tein'idad  [Sp.  tre-ne-£7di£A/],  West  India  isl¬ 
and,  XV.  869. 

Trinidad ,  county  seat,  X.  178,  2  c. 
Trinitarians ,  religious  order,  VII.  115,  2  b; 
XI.  730,  1  b.  See  Brethren  of  the  Holy 
Trinity. 

Trinitrine  [tri-nl'-trin],  VII.  36,  2  a. 
Trinitrophen'ic  acid ,  XIII.  499,  2  be. 

Trinity,  in  theology,  XV.  869.  Order  of  the, 

VII.  115,  2  b. 

Trinity,  two  counties,  XV.  870. 

Trinity,  river  of  Texas,  XV.  870.  Of  Califor¬ 
nia,  2  b. 

Trinity  board ,  care  of  lighthouses  by,  X.  462, 
2  b  (twice).  See  Trinity  house  (Index). 
Trinity  College,  Hartford,  XV.  870  (ill.,  571). 
Trinity  house ,  board  of  merchants,  London 
(incorporated  in  1515),  X.  221,  1  be. 
Trioleine  [tri-o'-le-in],  XII.  614,  2  b. 

Trio'nyx  (zoology),  XV.  810,  2  a. 

Tbipang  [tre-pang'] :  see  Sea  Cucumber,  XIV. 
728,  2  c,  and  XII.  783,  1  a. 


Tripe  de  roche  [treep  duhrush],  lichen,  X.  411, 
1  a. 

Triple  alliance ,  of  England,  Holland,  and  Swe¬ 
den,  XV.  636,  1  c ;  I.  224,  1  b ;  X.  657,  2  b. 
Of  France,  Great  Britain,  and  Holland,  XII. 
700,  1  ab. 

Triple  phosphate,  of  magnesia  and  ammonia, 

VIII.  174,  2  b. 

Tripoli  [trip'-o-le],  polishing  material,  XV. 
871 ;  VI.  84,  1  c. 

Tripoli,  country  of  Africa,  XV.  871.  Capital, 
873,  2  a  (view).  Attack  on,  XIII.  806,  2  be. 
Treaty  wTith,  X.  268,  2  b. 

Tripoli,  town  of  Syria,  XV.  873. 

Tripolis :  see  Tripolitza. 

Tripolitana :  see  Tripoli,  XV.  872,  2  c. 

Tripolite ,  mineral,  XII.  642,  1  c. 

Tripolitza,  town  of  Greece,  XV.  874. 

Tripos, mathematical, III.  645,1  ab ;  classical,^. 

Tripp,  county,  XV.  874. 

Tripping  the  anchor,  I.  465,  1  c-2  a. 

Teiptol'emus,  in  Greek  mythology,  XV.  874. 

Triptych  [trip'-tik],  in  art,  VI.  130,  2  c. 

Triqueti,  Henri  de,  baron  [tre-kuh-te],  French 
sculptor,  XV.  874. 

Trireme,  ancient  galley,  VII.  575,  2  ab. 

Trismegistus  :  see  Hermes  Trismegistus. 

Tristan  da  Cunha  [tris-tan'  da  koo'-nya],  vol¬ 
canic  islands,  XV.  874.  See  I.  258,  2  ab. 

Trita  [tre'-ta],  Hindoo  divinity,  IX.  224,  2  b. 

Triticum  (botany),  XVI.  585,  2  c.  T.  vulgare, 
587,  2  b;  turgidum,  ib.,  XV.  413,  1  c;  mo- 
nococcum,  XVI.  587,  2  c  (ill.) ;  spelta,  ib. 
(ill.) ;  repens,  V.  420,  2  b  (ill.),  VIII.  166,  2  c. 

Triton,  in  mythology,  XV.  874. 

Triton,  genus  of  batrachians,  XV.  875.  T. 
palustris  (water  newt),  1  b  (ill.) ;  dorsalis,  2  a. 
Genus  of  mollusks,  2  be.  T.  variegatum  (sea 
conch),  2  be  (ill.)  ;  australe,  2  c. 

Trito'nis,  ancient  river,  II.  526,  2  c. 

Triumph,  celebration  of  victory,  XV.  875. 

Triumphal  arches ,  I.  642,  1  a-c. 

Triumvirate,  XV.  876.  First  triumvirate  of 
Home  (so  called),  XIII.  697,  2  b.  Triumvi¬ 
rate  of  Octavius,  Antony,  and  Lepidus,  I. 
576,  1  c-2  a;  II.  114,  2  b ;  X.  360,  2  c.  Tri¬ 
umvirate  of  Swiss  divines,  XII.  724,  1  b. 

“  Triumvirs  of  the  republic  of  letters  of  the  1 6th 
century, ”  XVI.  394,  1  a. 

Trivium  and  quadrivium,  of  the  middle  ages, 
IV.  66,  1  c;  V.  670,  1  ab.  Of  the  early 
Irish  monasteries,  VI.  412,  1  c. 

Trivulzi  hospital  [tre-vool'-tse],  of  Milan,  XI. 
532,  2  a.  Trivulzi  library,  2  a 


756 


TROAD 


TRUE 


Tro'ad ,  the  ( Troas ),  XYI.  9,  2  be. 

Trochil'ium  denta'tum  (entomology),  VIII.  533, 

2  ab.  T.  exitiosa,  2  b. 

Teochu,  Louis  Jules  [truh-shu],  French  soldier, 
XY.  876. 

Tece'zen,  in  ancient  Greece,  XY.  876. 

Trceze'ne ,  Trcezenia :  see  Tp.cezen. 
Teog'lodytes,  cave  dwellers,  XY.  876. 
Troglody'tes  (ornithology),  XYI.  735,  la.  T. 

parvulus,  1  ab  (ills.) ;  sedon,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Troglodytes  niger  (zoology),  IY.  439,  1  c  (ill.). 
Teogon,  genus  of  birds,  XY.  877.  T.  curucui 
(red-bellied  trogon),  2  ab  (ill.) ;  pavoninus,  ib. 
Trois Rivieres  [tr  wa  re- vyair] :  see  Theee  Rivees. 
Troja :  see  Teoy,  ancient. 

Troldy  troll:  see  Faieies,  YII.  64,  2  a. 

Trolly  Gustavus  [trul'-la],  archbishop  of  Upsal, 
IY.  525,  1  a-b.  (Killed  in  battle  1535.) 
Trolling,  I.  498,  1  c  (Angling). 

Teollope,  Edward  [trol'-lup],  English  author, 
XY.  877. 

Teollope,  Frances  (Milton),  English  novelist, 
XY.  877.  Thomas  Adolphus,  author,  878, 
1  ab.  Anthony,  novelist,  2  a. 

Trollope ,  Capt.  Sir  Eenry ,  the  last  English 
banneret,  II.  287,  2  b. 

Trombidium  sericeum  (entomology),  XIY.  374, 

1  b. 

Teom'bone,  musical  instrument,  XYI.  5.  See 
Sackbut. 

Trommel ,  for  sizing  ore,  XI.  423,  1  c. 
Trommels  test,  of  dextrine,  YI.  65,  2  c;  of 
urine,  66,  2  b. 

Teomp,  Maarten  Ilarpertzoon  van,  Dutch  ad¬ 
miral,  XYI.  5.  Cornelis  van,  admiral,  1  c. 
Trompe  [Fr.  trongp],  water  bellows,  II.  746, 

2  be.  See  Adhesion,  I.  116,  2  c. 

Trompettis  (ichthyology),  YII.  23  9>  2  b. 
Teomso,  diocese  of  Norway,  XYI.  5.  Capital,  2  c. 
Tron  church,  Edinburgh,  allusion  to,  YI.  406, 2  c. 
Teondhjem  [trond'-yem] :  see  Deontheim. 
Teoopial,  bird,  XYI.  6.  Common,  1  b  (ill.)  ; 

orchard,  2  a;  cassican,  ib.  (ill.). 

Teoost,  Gerard,  American  chemist  and  geolo¬ 
gist,  XYI.  6. 

Teop^'oltjm  (botany) :  see  Nastuetium,  XII. 
154,  2  ab.  T.  majus,  2  c;  minus,  155,  1  b 
(ill.) ;  peregrinum,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  tuberosum,  &c., 
2  a,  ff. 

Trophonius,  oracle  of,  XII.  661,  1  b.  Cave  of, 
ib. ;  referred  to,  I.  587,  1  c. 

Tropical  animals,  fossil  remains  of  in  arctic 
climates,  I.  242,  1  a. 

Teopio  Bied,  XYI.  6  (ill.,  7). 


Teopics,  in  astronomy,  XYI.  7 ;  in  geography, 

2  a. 

Tropidop hori'ncc  (zoology),  XY.  80,  1  be. 

Tropidorhynchus  corniculatus  (ornithology), 
XIII.  635,  1  c. 

Teoplong,  Raymond  Theodore  [tro-long], 
French  jurist,  XYI.  7. 

Teoppatj  [trup'-pow],  city  of  Austria,  XYI.  7. 

Trotman  anchor,  I.  466,  1  c  (ill.). 

Trotting,  in  horse  races,  XYI.  51,  2  be. 

Teottbadoues  :  see  Peovenqal  Language  and 
Liteeatuee,  XIY.  40,  1  b;  XII.  88,  1  c; 
YII.  403,  1  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  402, 1  a. 

Trouble,  in  coal  mines,  Y.  67,  1  a  (ill.,  69). 

Trouee  de  Belfort  [troo-a  duh  bel-for],  moun¬ 
tain  pass,  II.  486,  2  c. 

Teoup,  county,  XYI.  7. 

Teoup,  George  McIntosh,  American  statesman, 
XYI.  7. 

Troupville,  county  seat,  X.  695,  1  c. 

Tbousdale,  county,  XVI.  8. 

Teousseau,  Armand  [troo-so],  French  physi¬ 
cian,  XYI.  8. 

Teout,  XYI.  8.  Salmon  trout,  1  c.  Speckled 
trout,  2  a  (ill.).  Char,  2  c.  European  brook 
trout,  ib.  Gray  trout,  9,  1  a.  Siskiwit,  1  bc 
Artificial  breeding  of,  ib. ;  YII.  218,  1  bc. 

Trouvire  [troo-vair],  origin  of  the  name,  YII. 
402,  1  a.  Poems  of  the  trouv&res,  403,  2  a. 

Teouville  [troo-veel],  French  watering  place, 
XYI.  9. 

Teovee,  in  law,  XYI.  9.  Referred  to,  YII.  175, 
2  c. 

Teowbeidge,  John  Townsend,  American  au¬ 
thor,  XYI.  9. 

Teoy,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  XYI.  9.  His¬ 
tory,  10,  1  a.  Siege  of,  1  b.  Site  of,  2  a. 

Teoy,  city  of  New  York,  XYI.  11. 

Troy,  county  seats,  YI.  210,  2  c ;  X.  488,  1  b ; 
XI.  489,  1  bc  ;  XII.  564,  2  c ;  XIII.  511,  2  a. 

Teoyes  [trwa],  city  of  France,  XVI.  12.  Coun¬ 
cil  of,  VIII.  800,  2  b.  Treaty  of,  IY.  113,  2  bc. 

Teoyon,  Constant  [trwa-yong],  French  painter, 
XYI.  12. 

Teoy  Weight,  XVI.  12. 

Truce,  power  of  making,  X.  228,  1  a. 

Teuoe  of  God,  XYI.  13.  Of  1041,  YI.  295, 
2  c;  of  1095,  X.  344,  1  b.  Confraternity 
of,  VIII.  308,  1  b. 

Truckee  river,  Nevada,  XII.  264,  1  a. 

Truck  system,  of  axles,  II.  166, 1  b.  See  Steam 
Caeeiage,  XV.  338,  2  a. 

Trudaine's  lens,  III.  471,  2  b. 

True  bill,  finding  of  a  grand  jury,  IX.  723,  2  b. 


TRUFFLES 


TUCKER 


757 


Truffles  [tru'-f’lz],  fungi,  XYI.  13  (ill.);  VII. 
530,  2  b,  532,  1  be. 

Truinet ,  Charles  Louis  fitienne  [trii-e-nu] :  see 

Nuitter. 

Trujillo  [troo-khe'-lyo],  town  of  Spain,  XVI.  14. 
Trujillo,  town  of  Peru,  XVI.  14. 

Trumbull  [trum'-b’l],  county,  XVI.  14. 
Trumbull,  Benjamin,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  14. 

Trumbull,  James  Hammond,  philologist,  XVI. 
14. 

Trumbull,  John,  poet,  XVI.  14. 

Trumbull,  Jonathan,  revolutionist,  XVI.  14. 
Jonathan,  statesman,  15, 1  ab.  John,  painter, 
1  be.  Trumbull  gallery,  2  b. 

Trumpet,  musical  instrument,  XVI.  15. 
Trumpet ,  of  pitcher  plant,  XIII.  547,  2  c. 
Trumpet  creeper ,  plant,  XVI.  16,  1  b. 
Trumpeter,  in  ornithology:  see  Agami. 
Trumpet  Fish:  see  Bellows  Fish,  and  Pipe 
Fish,  XIII.  537,  1  a. 

Trumpet  Flower,  XVI.  15  (ill.,  16).  Great- 
flowered,  16,  1  c.  Others,  ib. 

Trumpet-leaf, ’  plant,  XIII.  548,  2  a.  Red- 
flowered,  1  c. 

Trumpets ,  plant,  XIII.  548,  2  a. 

Trunk  Fish,  XVI.  16  (ill.). 

Trunnion ,  of  cannon,  III.  709,  1  ab. 

Truro,  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  XVI.  16. 

Truro ,  county  seat,  V.  43,  2  b. 

Truss,  in  surgery,  XVI.  16. 

Truss ,  of  a  bridge,  Town’s  lattice,  III.  273, 1  b. 

Long’s,  2  a.  Howe’s,  2  ab. 

Truss ,  of  a  roof,  XIV.  421, 1  ab.  “  King-post,” 
ib.  (ill.).  “  Queen-post,”  1  be  (ill.). 

Trust ,  a:  see  Trusts  (Index). 

Trusta ,  H.,  pseudonyme,  XIII.  386,  2  c. 
Trustee,  XVI.  17,  2  c;  19,  1  c. 

Trustee  Process,  XVI.  17 ;  II.  91,  1  b. 

“  Trustee  system ,”  of  holding  church  property 
(Catholic),  IX.  33,  2  a. 

Trusts,  in  law,  XVI.  17 ;  VI.  700,  2  b. 

Truva,  pasturing  grounds  in  the  steppes,  VII. 
103,  1  c. 

Truxillo  [troo-khe'-lyo] :  see  Trujillo  (two). 
Truxtun,  Thomas,  American  naval  officer, 

XVI.  19. 

Trybactra ,  in  ancient  geography,  IT.  800,  2  b. 
Tryphon,  ancient  cameo  engraver,  III.  652, 1  ab. 
Tryst,  fair,  VII.  72,  1  c. 

Tsad:  see  Tchad. 

Tsana  [tsa'-na],  lake,  I.  167,  2  ab.  See  Tzana. 
Tsar  Kolokol,  bell  at  Moscow,  II.  496, 1  ab  (ill., 
ib.,  and  497). 


Tsarskoe  Selo  :  see  Tzarskoye  Selo. 

Tschirnhausen,  Ehrenfried  Walter  von,  count 
[cheern'-how-zen],  German  mathematician, 
XVI.  19;  III.  143,  1  c.'  His  lenses,  471, 

2  ab.  Ilis  copper  mirror,  2  b. 

Tschudi,  JEgidius  (Gilles),  [choo'-de],  Swiss 
historian,  XV.  20.  Johann  Jakob  von,  nat¬ 
uralist,  1  b.  Friedrich  von,  naturalist,  1  be. 

Tset'se,  fly,  XVI.  20  (ill.).  Effect  of  its  poison, 

2  ab. 

Tsiampa  [tse-am'-pa],  province  of  Anam,  I. 
456,  2  a. 

Tsuga  (botany),  VII.  207,  2  be;  VIII.  630,  2  ab. 

Tsuruga  [tsoo-roo'-ga],  city  of  Japan,  XVI.  21. 

Tu'am,  town  of  Ireland,  XVI.  21. 

Tuaregs :  see  Tuariks. 

Tuariks  [too-a-reeks'],  people  of  the  Sahara, 
XVI.  21 ;  VII.  172,  1  c.  See  Berbers,  and 
Libyans. 

Tubal :  see  Japheth,  IX.  566,  2  c. 

Tuber :  see  Plant,  XIII.  577,  2  b ;  Potato, 
764,  2  ab,  ff.  (ills.). 

Tuber  (botany),  XVI.  13,  1  c.  T.  sestivum, 
2  c ;  melanosporum,  ib.  (ill.) ;  magnatum,  ib. ; 
cibarium,  VII.  530,  2  b. 

Tuber  annulare,  of  the  brain,  III.  190, 2  a,  ab,  b. 

Tubercle,  of  the  lungs :  see  Consumption. 
Miliary,  V.  282,  2  c  ;  gray,  ib. ;  yellow,  283, 
1  a ;  crude,  ib.  Obsolete  tubercles,  285, 1  c. 

Tuber'cula  quadrigem'ina,  of  the  brain,  III. 
190,  1  a,  2  b  (quadrigeminal  bodies),  191, 
1  b  (ill.) ;  XII.  235,  1  b,  236,  1  a. 

Tuberculous  (or  tubercular )  disease  of  the  lungs: 
see  Consumption.  Tuberculous  infiltration, 
283,  1  a;  diathesis,  284,  2  c;  cachexy,  ib. 

Tuberculous  Meningi'tis  :  see  Brain,  Diseases 
of  the,  III.  201,  1  c. 

Tu'berose,  plant,  XVI.  21  (ill.). 

Tubic'olce  (annelida),  I.  533,  2  be. 

Tubifo'ra  mu'sica,  coral,  XI.  293,  1  ab. 

Tubingen  [tfi'-bing-en],  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
XVI.  22.  University  of,  ib.  Tubingen 
school  of  theology,  ib. ;  II.  398,  2  a. 

Tub  petticoat,  a  lady’s  dress,  VII.  92,  2  c. 

Tubular  action,  in  organs,  XII.  690,  2  c. 

Tubular  bridges,  material  of,  II.  414,  1  a.  See 
Bridge,  III.  275,  2  b  (ill.). 

Tubularia ,  jelly  fish,  IX.  601,  2  b. 

Tubulibranchiata  (mollusca),  XI.  723,  1  b. 

Tuckahoe',  underground  vegetable  growth, 
XVI.  22. 

Tuckahoe  river  (about  35  m.  long),  IV.  517, 1  a. 

Tucker,  county,  XVI.  22. 

Tucker,  Abraham,  English  metaphysician, 


758 


TUCKER 


TUNICA 


XVI.  22.  See  Moeal  Philosophy,  XI.  814, 
1  ab ;  Philosophy,  XIII.  445,  2  ab. 

Tucker,  Josiab,  British  clergyman,  XYI.  23. 
Tucker,  St.  George,  American  jurist,  XYI.  23. 
Henry  St.  George,  jurist,  2  a.  Nathaniel 
Beverley,  lawyer,  ib. 

Tuckerman,  Henry  Theodore,  American  au¬ 
thor,  XYI.  23 ;  200,  1  b. 

Tuckerman,  Joseph,  American  clergyman, 
XYI.  23. 

Tucson  [took-sone' ;  locally,  often  too'-sun], 
capital  of  Arizona,  XYI.  24. 

Tucuman  [too-koo-man'J,  province  of  the  Ar¬ 
gentine  Republic,  XYI.  24.  Capital  city,  2  a. 
Tuda ,  Tudaxera:  see  Toda  (Index). 

Tudela  [too-Z/m'-la],  city  of  Spain,  XYI.  24. 
Tudor,  line  of  English  sovereigns,  XYI.  24. 

Owen  ap  Tudor,  2  c;  IY.  113,  2  c,  114,  2  c. 
Tudor,  William,  American  author,  XYI.  25. 
Tudor  collegiate  building ,  II.  448,  1  b. 
Tuesday,  day  of  the  week,  XYI.  25. 

Tufa  :  see  Calcareous  Springs,  III.  568, 1  ab. 
Tufts  College,  Medford,  Mass.,  XYI.  25. 
Tugendbund  [too'-ghend-boont],  (league  of  vir¬ 
tue),  German  patriotic  (not  democratic)  so¬ 
ciety,  referred  to,  X.  58,  1  be. 

Tugeni ,  Swiss  tribe,  XY.  529. 

Tugium :  see  Zug,  XYI.  837,  1  c. 

Tui  [twe] :  see  Poe  Bird,  XIII.  635,  1  b,  and 

XII.  410,  2  b. 

Tui ,  in  northern  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Tuileeies  [tii-eel-re],  royal  palace  in  Paris, 
XYI.  25.  Tuileries  and  Louvre  before  1871, 

XIII.  79,  2  c  (ill.,  80). 

Tuisco  [too-is'-ko],  deity  of  the  ancient  Ger¬ 
mans,  XYI.  25 ;  YII.  737,  1  be. 

Tuisto :  see  Tuisco. 

Tube,  William ,  labors  of,  for  the  insane,  IX. 
298,  1  c. 

Tula  [too'-la],  government  of  Russia,  XYI.  26. 
Capital,  1  a. 

Tulare  [too-la'-ra],  county,  XYI.  26.  Lake,  1  b. 
Tule  land  [too-la'],  in  Nevada,  XII.  267,  1  ab. 
Tules,  marshes  in  California,  YII.  489,  1  c. 
Tulhuatecas  [tool-wa-ta'-kas] :  see  Toltecs. 
Tulip,  plant,  XYI.  26.  Garden,  florists’,  late, 
or  show  tulips,  1  c  (ill.,  27).  Tulip  mania,  2  a. 
Early  tulip  (Due  Yan  Thol),  2  be  (ill.).  Par¬ 
rot  tulip,  2  c  (ill.,  27).  Tulip  culture,  27,  1  c. 
Tulvpa  (botany),  XYI.  26,  1  be.  T.  suaveo- 
lens,  2  b  (ill.) ;  Turcica,  2  c  (ill.,  27) ;  cor- 
nuta,  ib. ;  oculis  solis,  ib. 

Tulip  Tree,  XYI.  27  (ill.). 

Tull,  Jethro,  English  agriculturist,  XYI.  28. 


Tulle  [till],  town  of  France,  XYI.  28. 

Tullia,  daughter  of  Servius  Tullius,  XIV.  785, 
2  a. 

Tullius,  Servius  :  see  Servius  Tullius. 
TuLuocn,  John  [tul'-luk],  Scottish  clergyman, 
XYI.  28. 

Tullum :  see  Toul. 

Tullus  Hostilius,  king  of  Rome,  XVI.  28 ;  I. 
243,  2  a. 

Tully,  William,  American  physician,  XYI.  28. 
Tulpin :  see  Turpin. 

Tultcha  [tool'-cha],  town  of  Bulgaria,  XYI.  29. 
Tultsha:  see  Tultcha. 

Tulu  [too-loo'J,  a  language  of  India,  IX.  215, 
2  b ;  220,  1  a. 

Tulun,  mosque  of  [too-loon'],  III.  553, 1  b  (ill.). 
Tulunides  [too-loo'-nids],  Turkish  dynasty  in 
Egypt,  XYI.  69,  1  b.  See  Egypt,  YI.  466, 

1  be  (Ahmed,  son  of  Tulun). 

Tuluxa:  see  Tulu  (Index). 

Turn,  or  Atmu  [toom,  at-moo'],  Egyptian  di¬ 
vinity,  XII.  116,  2  b ;  YI.  464,  1  ab. 

Tumbler ,  kind  of  pigeon,  XIII.  505,  1  b. 
Tumbler  locks ,  X.  562,  2  c,  ff. 

Tumblers ,  pupae  of  the  gnat,  VIII.  51,  1  a. 

Larvae  of,  in  stagnant  water,  YI.  129,  1  b. 
Tumblers ,  derisive  name  of  a  religious  sect, 
YI.  316,  1  c. 

Turnbur  [toom-boor'] :  see  Drum,  YI.  271,  2  be. 
Tumor,  morbid  swelling,  XYI.  29.  Tumors 
in  the  cranium,  III.  203,  1  be.  Adipose 
tumors,  I.  120,  2  a. 

Tun:  see  Ton. 

Tunbridge,  town  of  England,  XYI.  29. 
Tunbridge  Wells,  town  of  England,  XYI.  29. 
Tundra  [toon'-dra],  Siberian  waste  land,  XY. 

15, 1  c,  16,  2  ab ;  XIY.  478,  2  a ;  XYI.  762,  2  c. 
Tu’nes:  see  Tunis,  XYI.  31,  2  b. 

Tunganis  [toon-ga'-nees],  Mohammedans  of 
Kashgar,  IX.  771,  1  a.  Revolt  in  1863,  ib. 
Tungri ,  ancient  people,  III.  176,  1  b. 

Tungstate  of  lead ,  pigment,  XYI.  30,  lb.  Of 
soda,  dye,  ib. 

Tungsten,  metal,  XYI.  29.  Tungstic  acid, 
30,  1  a ;  anhydride,  ib. 

Tungting' ,  lake  of  China,  IY.  443,  2  a. 
Tunguragua[  toon-goo-ra'-gwa],  river,  1.379,1  a. 
Tunguses  [toon-goo'-ses],  Siberian  tribe,  XYI. 
30. 

Tungusians ,  XYI.  42,  1  c;  XV.  575,  2  c. 
Tunica,  county,  XYI.  30. 

Tunicates  :  see  Molluscoids,  XL  724,  1  c, 

2  b  (tunicata). 

Tunica  vaginalis  (anatomy),  XIII.  302,  2  b. 


TUNIS 


TURKS 


759 


Tunis,  Barbary  state,  XVI.  30.  Ilistory,  31, 

1  c.  Capital  city,  2  b  (ill.,  Bey’s  palace). 
Tunkers:  see  Dunkers,  and  II.  292, 1  c,  293,  2  b. 
Tunkhannock ,  county  seat,  XVI.  753,  1  a. 
Tunnel,  XVI.  32.  Ancient  tunnelling,  1  b. 

Kinds  of,  2  b.  Cross  sections,  ib.  (ills.). 
Tunnelling  through  soft  ground,  2  c ;  Eng¬ 
lish  plan,  33,  1  be  (ills.).  Tunnelling  through 
rock,  2  c  (ills.,  34).  Mont  Cenis  tunnel,  34, 

2  ab ;  St.  Gothard,  2  c.  American  tunnels, 
35,  1  be.  Hoosac  tunnel,  1  c,  ff. ;  Nesque- 
honing,  37,  1  c;  Musconetcong,  2  a;  oth¬ 
ers,  38,  1  a.  Tunnelling  machines,  36,  1  c. 
Machine  drilling,  38,  1  be.  Tunnelling  in 
cities,  2  a.  Subaqueous  tunnels,  2  b ;  Chi¬ 
cago  tunnel,  ib.  Proposed  tunnel  under  Eng¬ 
lish  channel,  39,  1  b.  Tunnelling  a  moun¬ 
tain:  see  Blasting,  II.  700,  1  be  (ills.). 

Tunneland ,  Swedish  acre,  I.  72,  2  c. 

Tunny,  marine  fish,  XVI.  39.  Common  Eu¬ 
ropean,  2  c;  American,  40,  1  ab  (ill.).  See 
Bonito. 

Tunstall,  Cuthbert,  English  prelate,  XVI.  40. 
Tuolumne  [twol'-um-ne],  county,  XV I.  40. 
Tuomey,  Michael  [too'-me],  American  geolo¬ 
gist,  XVI.  40. 

Tupa  Feuillei  (botany),  X.  559,  2  b. 

Tu'pelo,  tree,  XVI.  40.  See  Black  Gum. 
Tupi-Guaranis  [too-pe'-gwa-ra-nees'],  family  of 
S.  American  Indians,  XVI.  41 ;  III.  217, 1  b. 
Tupinambd  Indians  [too-pe-nam-ba/],  XI.  142, 
2  b  (Makaj6).  Exodus  of,  XVI.  41,  1  c. 
Tuplai  [too-pla'-e],  people  of  Asia,  IX.  566,  2  c. 
Tupper,  Martin  Farquhar,  English  author, 
XVI.  41. 

Tur,  Eugenia  [toor],nom  de  plume,  IX.  766,  2  c. 
Tura'cus  (ornithology),  XIII.  595,  2  b.  T.  pur- 
pureus,  2  b  (ill.). 

Turania,  part  of  Turkistan,  XVI.  68,  1  b. 
Turanian  Race  and  Languages,  XVI.  42. 
Turban  geyser ,  Wyoming,  VII.  787,  2  c. 
Turbellaria,  order  of  worms,  XIII.  568,  1  c. 
Tur'bine,  water  wheel,  XVI.  43.  Principles 
and  action  of,  1  c,  ff.  Forms  of,  2  c,  ff.  (ills.). 
Turbot,  marine  fish,  XVI.  45.  European,  1  c 
(ill.)  ;  brill  (pearl  or  smooth),  2  be ;  Ameri¬ 
can  or  spotted,  2  c. 

Turdetani ,  ancient  people,  XV.  210,  1  b. 
Turdus  (ornithology),  XV.  728,  la.  T.  mus- 
telinus,  ib.  (ill.) ;  viscivorus,  1  c ;  musicus, 
2  b  (ill.);  rnfus,  729,  1  a;  aquaticus,  1  b; 
torquatus,  XII.  745, 1  b  ;  merula,  ib .,  II.  675, 
1  b  (ill.) ;  migratorius,  XIV.  360,  1  b  (ill.) ; 
pilaris,  VII.  178,  2  b  (ill.). 


Turenne,  Ilenri  de  la  Tour  d’ Auvergne,  vis¬ 
count  de  [tii-rSn],  French  soldier,  XVI.  46. 
Another :  see  Bouillon,  III.  152,  1  b. 

Turf,  The,  XVI.  46.  Famous  English  blood 
horses,  47,  1  ab;  races,  49,  2  b.  Famous 
American  race  horses,  ib .,  50,  1  be ;  race 
courses,  2  ab.  Steeple-chasing,  2  c.  Trot¬ 
ting,  51,  2  be ;  famous  trotting  horses,  52, 1  c. 
Turgeneff,  Alexei  [toor-ghen'-ef],  Russian  his¬ 
torian,  XVI.  52.  Nikolai,  author,  2  c. 
Turgeneff,  Ivan,  Russian  novelist,  XV I.  53. 
Turgite ,  iron  ore,  IX.  406,  1  be ;  408,  1  a. 
Turgot,  Anne  Robert  Jacques,  baron  de 
l’Aulne  [tiir-go],  French  statesman,  XVI.  53. 
Turicum :  see  Zurich,  XVI.  838,  1  c. 

Turin',  province  of  Italy,  XVI.  53.  Capital 
city,  2  ab.  Porta  Palatina,  2  c  (ill.).  His¬ 
tory,  54,  1  b. 

Turin ,  peace  of  (1381),  VII.  676,  2  ab. 

Turk,  synonymous  with  Tartar  in  central  Asia, 
XV.  576,  1  a  (twice). 

Turk ,  little,  insect,  XIII.  621,  1  ab  (Plum). 
Turkey,  bird,  XVI.  54.  Common  wild,  2  a 
(ill.).  Two  other  species,  55,  1  b.  Domes¬ 
ticated,  1  be.  Turkey  pouts,  1  c.  Fossil,  2  a. 
Turkey,  or  The  Ottoman  Empire,  XVI.  55. 
(Map  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  and  of  Turkey  in 
Asia.)  Turkey  proper,  2  a.  Hydrography, 
2  c.  Topography,  56,  1  b.  Climate,  2  a. 
Minerals,  2  b.  Flora,  2  be.  Fauna,  57,  1  a. 
Races,  1  c.  Religion,  ib.  Education,  58, 1  a. 
Frank  communities,  1  be.  Native  Christians, 
or  rayahs,  1  c.  Jews,  2  c.  Government,  59, 
1  a.  Landed  property,  2  be.  Finances,  60, 
1  ab.  Army  and  navy,  1  be.  Commerce,  2  a. 
Intercommunication,  2  b.  History,  2  c. 
Turkey  alder ,  I.  268,  1  c. 

Turkey  Buzzard,  American  vulture,  XVI.  62 
(ill.,  63). 

Turkey  opium ,  adulteration  of,  I.  134,  1  c. 
Turkey  red ,  VI.  343,  1  c. 

Turkish  dynasty ,  in  Egypt,  XI.  73,  2  b. 

!  Turkish  Language  and  Literature,  X\  I.  63. 

Language,  2  b,  ff.  Literature,  64,  2  c,  ft. 

)  Turkistan  [toor-kis-tan'],  region  of  central 
Asia,  XVI.  66.  West  Turkistan,  2  b ;  Rus¬ 
sian,  67,  1  a ;  East,  2  b.  History,  68,  1  b. 
Turkle:  see  Turtle,  XVI.  79,  1  b. 
Turkmantchai,  peace  q/^toork-man-chl'],  XIV. 
,  493,  lb. 

;  Turkomans:  see  Turkistan,  and  Turks;  X\  . 
,  576,  1  a ;  II.  799,  1  b. 

;  Turks,  race,  XVI.  68.  League  against  (1518), 

X.  348,  1  c. 


760 


TURK’S  CAP 


TUYERE 


Turk's  cap ,  plant,  III.  533,  2  be  (ill.). 

Turk’s  Islands,  Bahama  archipelago,  XVI.  69. 

Turmeric,  rootstock,  XVI.  69  (ill.).  Medical 
use,  70,  1  b;  chemical,  1  be.  Turmeric  pa¬ 
per,  ib.  See  Curry,  V.  586,  2  ab. 

“  Turn”  in  faro,  VII.  89,  1  b. 

Turnacum :  see  Tournay,  XV.  824,  2  c. 

Turnberry  castle ,  Scotland,  II.  171,  1  a. 

Turnbull,  Robert,  American  clergyman,  XVI. 
70.  (Died  1877.) 

Turnbull's  blue ,  XIII.  763,  1  c. 

Turner,  county,  XVI.  70. 

Turner,  Joseph  Mallord  William,  English  paint¬ 
er,  XVI.  70. 

Turner,  Samuel  Hulbeart,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  72. 

Turner,  Sharon,  English  historian,  XVI.  72. 
Sydney,  clergyman,  2  ab. 

Turner,  William,  English  naturalist,  XVI.  72. 

Turner  schools,  IX.  507,  1  b.  See  Gymnas¬ 
tics,  VIII.  352,  1  ab. 

Turnhout  [turn'-howt],  town  of  Belgium,  XVI. 
72. 

Turning,  mechanical,  XVI.  72.  Lathes,  73, 
1  b,  ff.  Eccentric  turning,  74,  1  ab ;  geo¬ 
metric,  1  c  ;  elliptical,  2  a ;  irregular  (Blan¬ 
chard’s  machine),  2  b. 

Turnip,  XVI.  74.  Varieties,  75,  1  a  (ills.). 

Turnip  Fly,  XVI.  76.  English,  1  b  (ill.). 
White  butterfly,  1  c  (ill.). 

Turnkunst  [toorn'-koonst],  system  of  physical 
culture,  IX.  507,  1  ab. 

Turnplatz  [toorn'-plats] :  see  Gymnastics,  VIII. 
352,  1  ab. 

Turns,  kind  of  shoes,  XIV.  874,  2  b.  Machine 
for  making,  875,  2  c. 

Turnsole  :  see  Heliotrope,  VIII.  620,  2  ab. 

Turnspit  :  see  Terrier,  XIV.  663,  1  ab. 

Turnstone,  bird,  XVI.  76  (ill.). 

Turn-table,  of  a  railroad,  XIV.  181,  1  b. 

Turnyerein  [toorn'-fer-ine] :  see  Gymnastics, 
VIII.  352,  1  ab. 

Turocz  [too'-roats], county  of  Hungary, XVI. 77. 

Turo’nes,  Gallic  tribe,  XV.  823, 1  a  (Touraine). 

Turpentine,  oleo-resinous  substance,  XVI.  77. 
Boiled,  2  a.  White,  VII.  431,  2  b.  Spirits 
of  :  see  Turpentine,  Oil  of.  Turpentine  re¬ 
gion  of  North  Carolina,  XII.  491,  2  b. 

Turpentine,  Oil  of,  XVI.  77. 

Turpeth  mineral,  XI.  403,  1  c  (Mercury). 

Turpin,  archbishop  of  Rheims,  XVI.  78. 

Turques :  see  Turk’s  Islands. 

Turquoise  [tur-koiz'  or  -keez'J,  mineral,  XVI.  78. 

Turrecremata :  see  Torquemada,  Juan  de. 


Turret ,  in  Gothic  architecture,  I.  663,  2  c. 
Turretin,  Frangois  [tu-ruh-tang],  Swiss  theo¬ 
logian,  XVI.  79.  Jean  Alphonse,  1  a. 
Turretini  [toor-ra-te'-ne] :  see  Turretin. 
Turris  Julia :  see  Trujillo,  Spain. 

Turtelines  [tur'-te-lins],  pigeons,  XIII.  506,  1  a. 
Turtle,  reptile,  XVI.  79.  Origin  of  the  name, 

1  b.  Green,  80,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  loggerhead,  2  a ; 
hawk’s  bill,  or  imbricated,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  trunk, 
or  leathery,  81,  1  be  (ill.). 

“  Turtle-back  ”  model ,  of  ironclads,  IX.  380,  2  b. 
Turtle  Dove,  XVI.  81.  Common  European, 

2  c ;  collared,  ib.  (ill.,  82) ;  Cape,  82,  1  b ; 
Carolina,  1  c  (ill.). 

Turtle  grass ,  referred  to,  XVI.  80,  1  c. 

Turtur  (ornithology),  XVI.  81,  2  b.  T.  auri- 
tus,  2  c;  risorius,  ib.  (ill.,  82). 

Tuscaloosa,  county,  XVI.  82. 

Tuscaloosa,  city  of  Alabama,  XVI.  82. 
Tuscanica  signa,  in  sculpture,  XIV.  717,  2  b. 
Tuscan  language ,  IX.  455,  1  b,  2  c. 

Tuscan  order,  of  architecture,  I.  658,  2  a  (ill., 
656). 

Tuscan  sea,  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Tuscany,  division  of  central  Italy,  XVI.  83. 
History,  1  c. 

Tuscarawas  [tus-ka-raw'-us],  county,  XVI.  84. 
Tuscarawas  river,  XII.  101,  1  a  (Muskingum). 
Tuscaroras,  American  Indians,  XVI.  84. 
Tusci:  see  Etruria,  VI.  764,  1  c,  2  be. 

Tuscia :  see  Etruria. 

Tusco'la,  county,  XVI.  84. 

Tuscola,  county  seat,  VI.  221,  2  c. 

Tus'culum,  ruins  of :  see  Frascati. 
Tusoumbia,  city  of  Alabama,  XVI.  84. 
Tuscumbia,  county  seat,  XI.  551,  2  a. 

Tusk,  fish,  V.  592,  2  a. 

Tuske’gee,  county  seat,  X.  803,  2  a. 

Tusser,  Thomas,  English  poet  and  husbandman, 
XVI.  84.  His  poem  on  agriculture,  I.  203, 1  a. 
Tussila’go  farfara  (botany),  V.  114,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Tussock  grass,  VIII.  167,  1  c. 

Tussocks ,  caterpillars,  XI.  868,  2  c. 
Tutchonekutchin,  American  Indians,  IX.  787, 2  c. 
Tute’la :  see  Tudela. 

Tutenag,  alloy,  XII.  432,  2  ab. 

Tutia ,  zinc  oxide,  XVI.  819,  1  ab.  T.  Alex¬ 
andria,  817,  2  c. 

Tutty,  origin  of  the  word,  XVI.  819,  1  ab. 
Tutuila  [too-too-e'-la] :  see  Samoan  Islands. 
Tutuxiu  [too-too-khu/] :  see  Mayas,  XI.  298,  2  c. 
Tuxpan  [tooks'-p&n],  town  of  Mexico,  XVI.  85. 
Tuxtla  [tooks'-tla],  volcano,  XI.  466,  1  ab. 
Tuyere  [twe-yair',  ortweer],  in  a  blast  furnace 


TVASHTRI 


TYPIILOPHTHALMES 


761 


or  forge,  II.  742,  1  a,  743,  1  c ;  IY.  74,  1  c, 

2  c  (ills.);  VII.  318,  lb;  IX.  392,  1  c. 
Tvashtri ,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  224,  1  b. 

Tvek  [tvSr],  government  of  Russia,  XVI.  85. 
Capital,  1  b. 

Twain  cloud ,  IV.  711,  1  c. 

Tweed,  river  of  Scotland  and  England,  XVI.  85. 
Tweed,  William  Marcy,  American  politician, 
XVI.  85.  (Died  1878.) 

Tweeddale  :  see  Peeblesshire. 

Tweeling :  see  Damask,  V.  655,  2  c. 

“  Twelvemonth ,  a,"  in  law,  XI.  789,  2  c. 

Twelve  tables,  laws  of  the ,  IV.  619,  1  b ;  V.  6, 

1  c;  486,  1  c;  751,  1  be;  X.  192,  2  c. 
Twesten,  August  Detlev  Christian,  German 
theologian,  XVI.  85.  Karl,  author,  86,  1  a. 
Twickenham,  village  of  England,  XVI.  86. 
Twiggs,  county,  XVI.  86. 

Twiggs ,  Gen.  (David  Emanuel,  1790-1862,  brig¬ 
adier  general  U.  S.  A.),  surrender  of,  XV. 
679,  1  be;  XVI.  174,  2  c. 

Twilight,  XVI.  86.  Coloring  of  clouds,  87, 1  ab. 
Twilling :  see  Damask,  V.  655,  2  c. 

Twillying ,  of  wool,  XVI.  718,  2  a. 

Twin  flower,  X.  509,  1  ab  (Linn^ea). 

Twink,  bird,  IV.  225,  1  b. 

Twin-leaf,  plant,  IX.  597,  1  c;  XVI.  780,  2  c. 
Twiss,  Sir  Travers,  English  jurist,  XVI.  87. 
Twist,  in  rifle  bore,  XIV.  327,  2  ab ;  gaining 
twist,  2  b. 

Twitch,  grass,  V.  420,  2  b. 

Twite:  see  Linnet,  X.  512,  2  a. 

Two-eyes,  plant,  XIII.  143,  2  be. 

Two  Mountains,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  87. 

“  Two  Sisters  of  the  West,"  nom  de  plume,  XVI. 
451,  2  a. 

Ty'ana,  ancient  city  of  Cappadocia,  I.  587,  2  ab. 
Tybee',  island  and  sound,  XVI.  87. 

Tyburnia,  London,  X.  596,  1  b. 

Tyburn  road,  London,  X.  594,  1  b. 

Tyche  [ti'-ke] :  see  Fortuna. 

Tychicus  [tik'-e-kus],  Paulician  leader,  XIII. 
177,  2  c. 

Tycho  Brahe  :  see  Brahe. 

Tychsen,  Olaus  Gerhard  [tik'-sen],  German 
orientalist,  XVI.  87. 

Tycoon:  see  Japan,  IX.  543,  1  be. 

TygarVs  Valley  river,  XI.  757,  1  a. 

Tyler,  two  counties,  XVI.  87. 

Tyler,  county  seat,  XV.  115,  1  a. 

Tyler,  Bennet,  American  clergyman,  XVI.  88. 
Tyler,  John,  tenth  president  of  the  United 
States,  XVI.  88. 

Tyler,  Royall,  American  author,  XVI.  89. 


Tyler,  Samuel,  author,  XVI.  89. 

Tyler,  William  Seymour,  linguist,  XVI.  90. 
Tylor,  Edward  Burnett,  English  author,  XVI. 
90. 

Tymp ,  in  blast  furnace,  IX.  392,  1  c. 

Tympan,  of  printing  press,  XIII.  852,  1  b. 
Tympanic  membrane  (tympanum),  of  the  ear, 

XV.  186,  2  c;  187,  1  b. 

Tympanum  (anatomy) :  see  Ear,  VI.  351,  1  c. 

Instrument  to  aid  hearing,  372,  1  ab. 
Tympanum,  in  the  Doric  order,  I.  657,  1  b. 
Tympanum,  ancient  drum,  VI.  291,  2  be. 
Tyndale,  William  [tin'-d’l],  English  reformer, 

XVI.  90.  Lampooned  by  Sir  Thomas  More, 

2  a.  His  translation  of  the  Hew  Testament, 
ib.  Martyrdom,  2  ab. 

Tyndall,  John,  British  natural  philosopher, 
XVI.  90.  Investigations  on  diathermancy,  VI. 
82,  2  a,  ff. ;  on  heat,  VIII.  570, 1  ab  (ills.) ; 
on  gases,  &c.,  571,  1  c;  on  glaciers,  VII.  830, 

1  c,  2  b,  831,  1  a ;  on  light,  X.  451,  1  b. 
Tynda'reus ,  husband  of  Leda,  X.  286,  2  a;  IV. 

87,  2  a. 

Tyndaridce,  IV.  87,  2  a  (Castor  and  Pollux). 
Tyne,  river  of  England,  XVI.  92. 

Tynemouth  [tin'-muth],  town  of  England, 
XVI.  92. 

Tyng,  Stephen  Iligginson,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  92.  (Retired  1878.)  Stephen 
Higginson,  jr.,  clergyman,  2  b. 

Type,  in  printing,  XVI.  92.  Type  metal,  2  c; 
I.  336,  2  a,  565,  2  a ;  X.  263,  2  a.  Copper¬ 
facing,  XVI.  93,  1  a.  Type  casting,  1  ab ; 
history  of,  94,  1  a.  Wood  type,  93,  2  a. 
Invention  of  movable  type,  XIII.  846,  1  be, 

2  c;  sizes  of,  ib.  (ill.,  847),  XVI.  93,  2  b; 
font  of,  XIII.  847,  1  c.— Bodoni’s  collection 
of  types,  II.  773,  2  c.  Greek  type  first  used 
in  England,  XVI.  727,  2  ab. 

Type ,  in  mineralogy,  XI.  587,  2  b. 

Types,  Chemical,  XVI.  94. 

Type-Setting  Machine  :  see  Printing,  XIII. 
848,  2  be. 

Type  Writers,  XVI.  95.  Sholes  and  Glidden 
type  writer,  2  c  (ill.,  96);  Crandall’s,  96,  1  c 
(ill.).  Zaclios  steno-phonotype  reporter,  2  b. 
Typiia,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  97.  Common 
names,  1  a.  T.  latifolia  (broad-leaved  cat¬ 
tail),  1  b  (ill.) ;  angustifolia  (narrow-leaved), 
1  c. 

Typhlichthys  subterra’neus  [tif-lik'-this],  (ich¬ 
thyology),  II.  723,  1  b. 

Typ hlophthalmes  [Fr.  tif-lo-ftalm],  division  of 
lizards,  XV.  80,  1  b. 


762 


TYPHCEMIA 


UGEIANS 


Typhcemia ,  cattle  disease,  XII.  60,  1  ab. 

Typhoid  Fever  :  see  Fevers,  YII.  167,  2  ab. 
Abortive,  XV.  397,  1  ab. 

Typho-malarial  fever ,  VII.  165,  2  b  ;  168,  2  c. 

Typhon,  in  Greek  mythology,  XVI.  97 ;  XII. 
116,  2  b  ;  720,  1  a ;  V.  794,  1  ab. 

Typhoon  :  see  Hurricane,  IX.  80,  1  ab.  Origin 
of  the  name,  XVI.  659,  2  a. 

Typhus  :  see  Fevers,  VII.  166,  2  c.  T.  pe- 
techialis,  syncopalis,  or  gravior,  168,  2  c. 

Typographical  eye :  see  Correction  of  the 
Press,  V.  375,  2  b. 

Typographic  point :  see  Type,  XVI.  93,  2  be. 

Typography :  see  Printing,  XIII.  845,  2  b. 

Typos ,  edict  of  Constans  II.  on  the  Monothe- 
lite  dispute,  III.  515,  1  a;  XI.  758,  1  c.  Ee- 
ferred  to,  208,  1  b. 

Tyr ,  in  Scandinavian  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  a. 

Tyrannus  (ornithology),  IX.  837,  2  b.  T.  Ca- 
rolinensis,  ib.  (ill.)  ;  intrepidus,  ib. 

Tyrant  :  see  King  Bird. 

Tyrant  fly -catcher  (king  bird),  IX.  837,  2  b. 

Tyrants ,  in  Greece,  VIII..  188,  2  b.  Period  of 
the  tyrannies,  ib.  The  most  celebrated  ty¬ 
rants,  ib . 

Tyras :  see  Dniester. 

Tyre,  Phoenician  city,  XVI.  97.  Euins  of,  98, 
2  a  (view).  History :  see  Phoenicia,  XIII. 
454,  2  b.  Capture  of  by  Alexander,  I.  276, 
1  c ;  V.  234,  2  b. 

Tyree’,  island,  Scotland,  X.  460,  2  a. 

Tyrian  climax ,  pass,  XIII.  452,  2  a. 

Tyrian  dye :  see  Murex,  XII.  54,  2  b. 


tJ,  a  letter,  XVI.  101.  As  vowel  and  conso¬ 
nant,  1  a.  Sounds  in  English,  1  b  ;  in  other 
European  languages,  1  be.  Interchanges,  2  a. 

Uaphris  [wa'-fris],  king  of  Egypt,  I.  606,  1  c. 

Ubaldini ,  Ruggiero  [oo-bal-de'-ne],  archbishop 
of  Pisa,  VII.  792,  1  be. 

Ubicini,  Jean  Henri  Abdolonyme  [ii-be-se-ne], 
French  author,  XVI.  101. 

Ubii  [yu'-be-I],  Germanic  tribe,  V.  82,  2  c. 

TJbye  [oob-ya'],  king  of  Tigr6,  I.  48,  2  a. 

Ucayali  [oo-ka-ya'-le] :  see  Amazon,  I.  379, 
1  ab,  and  Peru,  XIII.  336,  1  b. 

Uccello  [oot-chel'-lo],  (Paolo  di  Dono),  Italian 
painter,  XVI.  101. 

JJchatius  steel  [oo-kha'-tse-oos],  XV.  358,  2  b. 

U'chees,  Indian  tribe,  XVI.  101. 


Tyrol  [tir'-ul ;  Ger.  te-role'],  province  of  Aus¬ 
tria,  XVI.  98.  History,  99,  la:  see  Ho- 
fer.  Government,  1  ab. 

Tyrone',  county  of  Ireland,  XVI.  99. 

Tyropoe/on ,  ravine  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  612,  2  b; 
614,. 1  c. 

Tyrrel  (Sir  James),  murderer  of  Edward  V., 
VI.  437,  2  c. 

Tyrrell,  county,  XVI.  99. 

Tyrrheni  (Etruscans),  VI.  764,  1  c.  Tyrrhenia, 
IX.  449,  1  ab. 

Tyrrhenian  sea ,  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Tyrseni  (Etruscans),  VI.  764,  1  c. 

Tyrt^e'us,  Greek  poet,  XVI.  99. 

Tyrwhitt,  Thomas  [ter'-it],  English  author, 
XVI.  99. 

Tytler,  William,  Scottish  author,  XVI.  99. 
Alexander  Fraser,  jurist,  100,  1  a.  Patrick 
Fraser,  author,  1  b. 

Tzahonian  dialect ,  VIII.  209,  1  a  (twice). 

Tzana  [tsa'-na],  lake  of  Abyssinia,  XVI.  100. 

Tzar  :  see  Czar. 

Tzarev' itch,  tzarevna ,  tzaritza,  Eussian  impe¬ 
rial  titles,  V.  622,  2  be. 

Tzar  KoloJcol ,  XI.  860,  1  a.  See  Tsar  Kolohol 
(Index). 

Tzarskoye  Selo  [tsar'-sko-yeh  sSh'-lo],  town 
of  Eussia,  XVI.  100 ;  XIII.  104,  2  a. 

Tzelcah ,  Moslem  almsgiving,  XI.  698,  2  a. 

Tzesarev’itch,  tzesarevna ,  titles,  V.  622,  2  c. 

Tzia  [tse'-a] :  see  Zea. 

Tzschirner,  Heinrich  Gottlieb  [cheer'-ner], 
German  theologian,  XVI.  100. 


Udall,  Nicholas,  English  author,  XVI.  101. 
Udine  [oo'-de-na],  province  of  Italy,  XVI.  101. 
Capital,  102,  1  a. 

Ueberweg,  Friedrich  [ii'-ber-ve'h],  German 
historian  of  philosophy,  XVI.  102 ;  XIII. 
430,  1  b. 

Ufa  [oo-fa'J,  government  of  Eussia,  XVI.  102. 
Capital  city,  1  c. 

Uflington  castle,  England,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Uflizi palace  [oof-fe'-tse],  gallery  of,VII.276, 1  b. 
Uggione,  Marco  da  [ood-jo'-na] :  see  Oggione. 
Ugocsa  [oo'-go-chaw],  county  of  Hungary, 
XVI.  102. 

Ugolino  [oo-go-le'-no] :  see  Gherardesca. 
TJgolino  (Pope  Gregory  IX.),  VIII.  244,  2  be. 
Ugrians  [oo'-gre-anz] :  see  Finns,  VII.  207, 1  b. 


UHLAND 


UMPQUA 


763 


Uhland,  Johann  Ludwig  [oo'-lant],  German 
poet,  XVI.  102. 

Uigurs  [we-goors'J :  see  Turks,  XVI.  69,  1  a ; 

Turkish  Language  and  Literature,  64,  2  c. 
Uinim  [we-neem'J,  IX.  330,  2  c  (Ionians). 
Uintaii  [win'-ta],  county,  XVI.  102.  Moun¬ 
tains,  2  c ;  XIV.  378,  1  a. 

Ujiji  [oo-je'-je],  district  of  central  Africa,  XVI. 

102.  Town,  103,  2  a. 

Ukiah,  county  seat,  XI.  385,  2  be. 

Ukkal,  class  of  the  Druses,  VI.  274,  1  a,  c. 
Ukraina  [oo-kra-e*-na] :  see  Ukraine. 

Ukraine  [yu'-krain],  former  province  of  Po¬ 
land,  XVI.  103.  See  Cossacks. 

Uladislas  king  of  Hungary,  X.  89,  1  c. 

Ular  sawad ,  serpent,  II.  762,  1  c. 

Uleaborg  (Swed.  Uledborg ,  oo'-la-o-borg),  lan 
of  Finland,  XVI.  103.  Capital,  1  b. 

Ulema  [oo-le'-ma],  the  learned  of  Turkey,  XVI. 

103. 

U'lex,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  103.  Common 
names,  2  a.  U.Europseus,  ^5.  (ill.) ;  nanus,  2  c. 
Ul'filas,  or  Ulfila,  Gothic  bishop,  XVI.  103. 
Uliarus :  see  Oleron. 

TJlikon  [oo'-le-kon],  fish,  I.  242,  1  b. 

Ullmann,  Karl  [ool'-man],  German  theologian, 
XVI.  104. 

Ulloa,  Antonio  de  [oo-lyo'-a],  Spanish  naval 
officer,  XVI.  104.  Expedition  to  S.  America, 
IX.  696,  2  c. 

Ullr,  Scandinavian  divinity,  XII.  120,  1  b. 

Ulm  [oolm],  city  of  Wurtemberg,  XVI.  104. 

Surrender  of  to  Hapoleon,  X.  795,  2  c. 
JJlmine  [ul'-min],  VI.  707,  1  b.  See  Humus. 
Ulmus  (botany),  VI.  550,  2  a.  U.  Americana, 
ib.  (ills.,  ib.,  and  551);  fulva,  551,  1  a  (ill.); 
racemosa,  1  c ;  alata,  2  a ;  campestris,  ib. 
(ill.) ;  montana,  2  b  (ill.),  XVI.  791,  2  o. 
Ulotriches  [u-lot'-re-keez],  (ethnology),  VI. 
757,  1  a. 

Ulphilas :  see  Ulfilas. 

Ulpian  (Domitius  Ulpianus),  Boman  jurist, 
XVI.  105  ;  X.  198,  2  c. 

Ulpia  Sardica ,  ruins  of,  XV.  167,  2  a. 

Ulrica  Eleono'ra  [ool-re'-ka],  (1688-1741), 
queen  of  Sweden,  XV.  509,  2  b. 

Uleici,  Hermann  [ool-re'-tse],  German  philos¬ 
opher,  XVI.  105 ;  XIII.  443,  1  c. 

Ulster,  county,  XVI.  105. 

Ulster,  province  of  Ireland,  XVI.  105. 
Ul'tima  Thu'le :  see  Thule  (Index). 
Ultrajectum :  see  Utrecht,  XVI.  237,  2  b. 
Ultramarine,  pigment,  XVI.  106 ;  XII.  805, 
2  a;  X.  161,  1  c;  II.  787,  1  be. 


Ultramon'  tane,  IX.  265,  1  a ;  VII.  578,  1  b. 
See  Ultramontanists. 

Ultramontanists,  XVI.  106.  See  Ultramon * 
tane  (Index). 

Ulva  (botany),  XII.  774,  1  a.  U.  lactuca,  1  ab ; 
latissima,  ib.,  and  VII.  248,  1  a  (ill.) ;  com- 
pressa,  I.  299,  1  be. 

Ulys'ses,  Homeric  hero,  XVI.  106.  See  Te- 
lemachus,  and  Palamedes. 

Umd  [oo-ma'j,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.228,2  a. 
Umatilla,  county,  XVI.  107. 

Umbagog  lake ,  Hew  England,  XII.  293,  1  b. 
Umbel ,  form  of  inflorescence,  XIII.  584,  2  ab, 
b,  be  (ills. :  see  Caraway,  and  Parsley). 
Umbellif era  (botany),  XIII.  129,  2  b. 

Umber,  pigment,  XVI.  107. 

Umbilical  vessels ,  in  the  foetus,  VI.  564,  2  be; 
cord,  2  c,  505,  1  c;  arteries,  564,  2  c;  vein, 
ib.,  X.  536,  2  c,  537,  1  ab. 

Umbilicus,  of  the  foetus  and  adult,  VI.  562, 1  a, 
565,  1  c.  Of  a  feather,  lower  and  upper, 
VII.  103,  2  c. 

Umbo,  of  a  shield,  XIV.  853,  2  ab. 

Umbo'nes,  in  sea  shells, V.  201,  2  c  (ill.)  ;  202, 1  c. 
Umbra,  in  the  sun’s  spots,  XV.  471,  2  c. 

Umbre  [um'-ber],  wading  bird,  XVI.  107. 
Tufted,  1  c  (ill.). 

Umbreit,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Karl  [oom'-brite], 
German  theologian,  XVI.  108. 

Umbrella,  XVI.  108.  Construction  of,  1  b. 
Ancient  use  of,  2  b.  First  use  of  in  Eng¬ 
land,  109,  1  a  (see  ITanway)  ;  in  the  United 
States,  1  b. 

Umbrella,  mollusk,  XVI.  109  (ill.);  V.  201, 
2  a  (ill.). 

Umbrella  Bird,  XVI.  109  (ill.).  Araponga, 
or  bell  bird,  2  c. 

Umbrella  tree,  XI.  20,  1  a ;  ear-leaved,  1  ab. 
Umbria,  country  of  ancient  Italy,  XVI.  110. 
Battle  of  (battle  of  Sentinum),  1  b.  Prov¬ 
ince  :  see  Perugia. 

Umbrians,  people  of  Italy,  IX.  439,  2  c.  Um¬ 
brian  language,  440,  1  a. 

Umbrina  (ichthyology),  IX.  838,  2  c.  U.  nebu- 
losa  (alburnus),  ib.  (ill.,  839);  VIII.  385,  2  c. 
Umbro-Oscan  language ,  IX.  440,  1  a.  Umbro- 
Samnite,  ib. 

Umea  (Swed.  Umea,  oo'-ma-o),  river  of  Swe¬ 
den,  XV.  502,  2  b.  (See  map.) 

Um  Keis  [oom  kace],  ruins  of,  VII.  550,  1  c. 
Umlaut  [oom'-lowt],  modified  sound,  I.  502, 
2  a  ;  503,  1  c. 

Ummerapura :  see  Amarapura. 

Umpqua,  river  of  Oregon,  XVI.  110. 


UMRITSIR 


UNITED  STATES 


764 

Umritsir:  see  Amritsir. 

U'ndka  mountains,  XV.  642,  1  c  ;  643,  2  c. 
Unakite,  granite,  XV.  643,  2  c. 

Unalashka  [oo-na-lash'-ka],  Aleutian  island,  I. 

240,  1  a ;  275,  1  a,  ab. 

Unam  sanctum,  papal  bull,  III.  66,  2  a. 

Unau  [oo'-now] :  see  Sloth,  XV.  108, 1  b  (ill.). 
Uncaria  gambir  (botany),  VII.  607,  1  be  ;  IV. 
105,  2  c. 

Uncas,  Indian  sachem,  XVI.  110. 

Uncials,  letters,  XI.  134,  1  a. 

Uncompahgre  mountains  [oon-kom-pa'-gra] 
Colorado,  V.  100,  2  a.  Peak,  XIV.  377,  2  be. 
Underbade,  in  a  brewery,  III.  259,  2  be.  • 
Under  coverts,  in  plumage,  VII.  105,  2  c. 

“  Underground  railroad,'1'1  VII.  521,  1  be. 
Underhand  sloping ,  in  mining,  XI.  573,  2  be. 
Under-leasing,  in  law,  X.  269,  2  b. 
Underwriters,  individual  insurers,  IX.  314,  1  c. 
Undulations ,  in  sound,  I.  69,  2  b. 

Ung  [oong],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI.  110. 
Unger,  Franz  [oong'-er],  German  palaeontolo¬ 
gist,  XVI.  110. 

Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis,  XII.  464,  2  ab. 
Ungtjioulata  and  Ungulata,  XVI.  110.  See 
Mammalia,  XI.  79,  2  b,  c ;  80, 1  a ;  82  (table). 
Un  Homme  de  Rien  [ung  nuin  duh  re-ang],  (a 
nobody),  pseudonyme,  X.  589,  2  ab. 

Uniaxial  crystals,  X.  441,  2  a. 

Unicoi,  county,  XVI.  111. 

Unicorn,  fabulous  animal,  XVI.  Ill;  XIV. 

289,  1  a.  Sea  unicorn,  XVI.  Ill,  1  b. 
Unicorn  Plant  :  see  Martynia,  XI.  214,  1  c. 
Uniformity ,  acts  of,  XII.  479, 1  c,  ff. 
Unigenitus,  papal  bull,  X.  661,  1  ab ;  IX.  688, 
1  b,  528,  1  b ;  I.  209,  2  c.  Referred  to,  IV. 
663,  1  c. 

Unimak  [oo-ne-mak'],  Aleutian  island,  I.  275, 
1  a,  ab. 

Unio  (mollusca),  XII.  104,  1  ab.  U.  margari- 
tifera,  1  b;  hyria,  XIII.  213,  2  b. 

Union,  name  of  sixteen  counties,  XVI.  111. 
Union,  county  seats,  VII.  435, 1  a ;  XI.  759, 2  ab. 
Union,  the,  of  Protestant  states  in  Germany, 
XIV.  463,  2  ab. 

Union,  the ,  club,  London,  X.  608,  1  b. 

Union  Christian  College,  Indiana,  XVI.  113. 
Union  college  :  see  Union  University. 

Union  of  England  and  Scotland,  VI.  616,  1  c  ; 
VII.  468, 1  a.  Of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
VII.  708,  2  b ;  IX.  359,  1  ab. 

Union  fags,  of  the  revolutionary  struggle,  VII. 
250,  2  c,  If. 

Union  jack:  see  Flag,  VII.  249,  2  c;  252,  1  a. 


Union party ,  in  the  United  Evangelical  church, 
XVI.  117,  1  be. 

Union  Springs,  county  seat,  III.  428,  2  b. 
Uniontown ,  county  seat,  VII.  101,  1  b. 

Union  University,  New  York  state,  XVI.  113. 
Unionville,  county  seats,  IX.  41,  lb;  XIV. 

100,  1  c ;  XVI.  Ill,  2  c. 

Unitarianism,  in  Christian  theology,  XVI.  113. 
Early  discussions  on  the  deity  of  Christ,  114, 
1  be.  Unitarianism  at  the  reformation,  2  a ; 
in  England,  2  b ;  in  New  England,  115,  1  a. 
Statistics,  1  be. — Father  *of  English  Unita¬ 
rians,  so  called,  II.  625,  2  c. 

Unitas  Fratrum  :  see  Moravians,  and  II.  787, 

1  a. 

United  Associate  Synod  of  the  Secession  Church, 
VI.  139,  2  c. 

United  Brethren :  see  Moravians. 

United  Brethren  in  Christ,  XVI.  115  ;  XI. 
460,  1  ab. 

United  Evangelical  Church,  XVI.  116. 
United  Evangelical  Synod  of  the  East,  XVI. 

118,  1  b.  Of  the  Northwest,  ib. 

United  Creek  church:  see  Russia,  XIV. 485, 2  a. 
United  Irishmen,  IX.  358,  2  c.  See  Grattan. 
United  Presbyterian  church ,  in  Scotland,  XIII. 

811,  2  a,  be ;  VI.  139,  2  c. 

United  Provinces  :  see  Netherlands,  XII. 
247,  2  be. 

United  Provinces  of  La  Plata,  III.  409,  2  c. 
United  Service  club,  London,  X.  607,  2  c. 
United  Service  museum,  London,  X.  605,  2  b. 
United  societies  :  see  Methodism,  XI.  448,  2  c. 
United  society  of  believers  in  Christ's  second 
appearing :  see  Shakers. 

United  States  of  America,  XVI.  118.  (Maps, 
eastern  part  and  western  part.)  Great  seal, 
ib.  (ill.).  States  and  territories,  119,  1  a; 
population  of,  120, 1  a.  Principal  cities,  2  c ; 
population  of,  121, 1  a.  Coasts,  1  c.  Rivers, 

2  a.  Lakes,  2  c.  Area  of  watersheds,  122, 

1  b.  Mountains,  1  c.  Geology,  123,  1  b. 
Natural  curiosities,  125,  1  ab.  Climate,  2  a. 
Diseases,  126,  1  ab.  Soil,  1  b.  Botany,  2  c. 
Zoology,  129,  1  c. — Statistics  of  population, 
130,  2  o  ;  of  agriculture,  132,  1  c ;  of  manu¬ 
factures,  133,  2  b ;  of  mining,  136,  1  c ;  of 
commerce,  137, 1  a ;  of  wealth,  &c.,  139, 1  be. 
— Government,  1  c.  Constitution,  142,  1  be. 
Army,  143,  1  b ;  national  cemeteries,  2  a 
(table).  Navy,  2  c.  National  debt,  144, 1  b. 
Receipts  and  expenditures,  145,  2  c.  Coin¬ 
age,  146,  1  c.  National  banking  system, 

2  be. — Education,  147,  1  c.  Charitable  in- 


UNITED  STATES 


UNIVERSITY 


765 


stitutions,  &c.,  148,  1  c.  Libraries,  2  ab. 
Newspapers  and  periodicals,  2  b.  Religion, 

2  c.— History,  149,  2  a.  Aborigines,  ib. 
Voyages  of  discovery,  2  be.  Spanish  colo¬ 
nization  of  Florida,  150,  1  a.  English  colo¬ 
nization,  1  bo  ;  seizure  of  Dutch  possessions, 
151,  2  a.  The  13  colonies,  152,  1  a.  Out¬ 
line  of  colonial  history,  1  be.  Indian  wars, 

1  c ;  French  and  Indian,  2  c.  State  of  the 
colonies  after  the  seven  years’  war,  153,  2  c. 
Resistance  to  parliamentary  oppression,  154, 

2  a.  Old  continental  congress,  155,  2  ab. 
Opening  of  the  revolutionary  war,  156,  1  a. 
Second  continental  congress,  2  a.  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  157,  1  b  (text).  Sur¬ 
render  of  Burgoyne,  158,  2  c.  French  al¬ 
liance,  159,  1  a.  Surrender  of  Cornwallis, 
160,  1  ab.  Treaty  of  peace,  1  be. — Period 
of  the  confederation,  2  a.  Constitution 
adopted,  2  b ;  amendments,  161, 1  b,  183, 1  c, 
184,  1  b,  185,  1  a.  Administration  of  Presi¬ 
dent  Washington,  161,  1  a;  formation  of 
parties,  2  a ;  Jay’s  treaty,  2  be.  President 
John  Adams,  162, 1  a  ;  threatened  war  with 
France,  ib. ;  alien  and  sedition  laws,  1  be. 
President  Jefferson,  2  a ;  English  encroach¬ 
ments,  2  c ;  embargo,  163,  1  b.  President 
Madison,  1  be;  war  with  England,  2  a; 
treaty  of  peace,  164,  2  a.  President  Monroe, 
165, 1  ab  ;  Missouri  controversy,  1  be;  anti¬ 
slavery  agitation,  2  c;  11  Monroe  doctrine,” 
166,  1  b.  President  John  Quincy  Adams, 

1  c;  protective  tariff,  2  a.  President  Jack- 
son,  2  ab ;  U.  S.  bank,  2  b ;  nullification,  2  c ; 
removal  of  the  deposits,  167,  1  c.  President 
Van  Buren,  2  a;  financial  distress,  2  b. 
President  Harrison,  168,  1  a;  his  death,  ib. 
President  Tyler,  1  ab ;  annexation  of  Texas, 

1  b,  c.  President  Polk,  2  a;  war  with 
Mexico,  ib. ;  Oregon  boundary,  169,  1  a. 
Anti-slavery  movements,  1  b ;  free-soil  party, 

2  c,  ff.  President  Taylor,  170, 1  be;  slavery 
compromise  measures,  2  a ;  death  of  the 
president,  2  b.  President  Fillmore,  ib.  Dec¬ 
larations  of  parties  on  slavery,  171, 1  a.  Presi¬ 
dent  Pierce,  2  a  ;  Kansas  and  Nebraska  bill, 
2  b;  Ostend  manifesto,  2  c.  Republican 
party,  172, 1  b,  ff.  President  Buchanan,  2  b  ; 
Kansas  troubles,  2  c.  Party  platforms,  173, 
1  b,  ff. ;  division  of  the  democrats,  1  be; 
election  of  Lincoln,  174,  1  b;  secession  of 
southern  states,  ib.  President  Lincoln,  2  a  ; 
opening  of  the  civil  war,  2  c ;  Union  forces 
raised,  175,  1  ab;  events  of  the  war, 2  a,ff. ; 


statistics,  182, 2  a;  confederate  cruisers, 2  c ; 
voluntary  charitable  aid,  183,  1  a.  Emanci¬ 
pation,  1  be ;  constitutional  amendments,  1  c, 

184,  1  b,  185,  1  a;  civil  Tights  bill,  184,  1  a. 
Presidential  reconstruction,  183,  2  a;  con¬ 
gressional  plan,  184,  2  a.  Election  of  1864, 

185,  1  a.  Assassination  of  Lincoln,  2  a. 
President  Johnson,  ib. ;  his  contest  writh 
congress,  2  b ;  impeachment,  2  c.  Election 
of  1868,  186,  1  a;  of  1872,  1  c.  President 
Grant,  ib.;  treaty  of  Washington,  187,  1  c; 
Geneva  tribunal,  &c.,  2  b.  List  of  presidents 
and  vice  presidents,  188  (table);  of  chief 
justices,  1  c. 

United  States,  Literature  of  the,  XVI.  188. 
Colonial  period  (1620-1775),  2  c ;  first  Ameri¬ 
can  (1775-1820),  190, 1  ab;  latest  American 
(1820-1876),  192,  1  c. 

United  Syrians ,  religious  sect,  IX.  500,  2  a. 

Unities ,  in  the  drama,  VI.  245,  1  b,  2  a. 

Unit  jar ,  Lane's,  for  measuring  the  electric 
charge,  VI.  510,  1  c. 

Unit  of  molecular  weight ,  X.  712,  1  ab. 

Unity  of  Brethren  (Bohemian  Brethren),  II. 
787,  1  a. 

Univalve  shells ,  V.  200,  2  a  ;  201,  1  b  (ills.). 

Universal  doctor :  see  Alain  de  Lille. 

Universalia,  general  notions,  I.  707,  1  c;  XIII. 
437,  2  c,  439,  2  ab ;  602,  1  ab. 

Universalists,  religious  denomination,  XVI. 
207.  Doctrines,  1  b.  History,  208, 1  c.  Sta¬ 
tistics,  2  b.  Legal  rights  of  contested  in 
Massachusetts,  XII.  63,  1  b. 

Universals :  see  Universalia  (Index). 

University,  XVI.  209.  Origin,  1  b.  Of 
Paris,  1  c ;  colleges  in,  V.  58,  1  c ;  supposed 
germ  of,  I.  267,  1  b  ;  decree  respecting  the 
immaculate  conception,  IX.  195,  1  be.  Of 
France,  XVI.  210,  1  a;  VII.  375,  1  c.  Oth¬ 
er  French  universities,  XVI.  210,  1  b. — Of 
Bologna,  1  c.  Of  Salerno,  2  ab.  Other 
Italian  universities,  2  be.  Roman  university  : 
see  Sapienza  (Index). — Of  Oxford  and  Cam¬ 
bridge,  2  c.  Of  Durham,  2il,  1  a.  Of  Lon¬ 
don,  1  b ;  V.  58,  2  ab  (chartered  by  William 
IV.)  ;  X.  604,  1  b.  London  university  (Uni¬ 
versity  college),  ib.  Universities’  test  act, 
XVI.  211,  1  c.— Universities  of  Scotland,  ib. ; 
of  Ireland,  212,  1  a;  of  Spain,  1  c;  of  Portu¬ 
gal,  2  c;  of  Austria-Hungary,  213,  1  a;  of 
the  German  empire,  1  b ;  of  Switzerland, 
214,  la;  of  Holland,  ib. ;  of  Belgium,  1  b  ; 
of  Scandinavia,  1  c;  of  Russia,  2  b ;  of 
Greece,  2  c;  of  Turkey,  &c.,  215,  1  a;  of 


766 


UNKIAR-SKELESSI 


URIA 


China  and  J apan,  1  ab ;  of  India  and  Aus¬ 
tralia,  1  b ;  of  the  United  States  and  Can¬ 
ada,  1  be ;  of  South  America,  1  c.  Univer¬ 
sity  statistics,  2  b  (table). 

Unkiar-Skelessi  [oon'-kyar  ska-les'-se],  (village 
near  Constantinople),  secret  treaty  of,  XII. 
702,  2  a. 

Unter  den  Linden  [oon'-ter],  street  of  Berlin, 

II.  563,  1  c. 

Untergdhrung  [oon'-ter-ga-roong],  in  brewing, 

III.  262,  1  be. 

Unterhefe  [oon'-ter-ha-feh],  in  brewing,  III. 
262,  1  be. 

Unterwalden  [oon'-ter-val-den],  Swiss  can¬ 
ton,  XVI.  216. 

Upanishads  [oo-pa'-ne-shads],  in  Hindoo  re¬ 
ligious  literature,  IX.  222,  2  b ;  227,  1  c. 
Upapurdnas  [oo-pa-poo-ra'-nas],  in  Hindoo  re¬ 
ligious  literature,  IX.  229,  1  c. 

Upasalca  [oo-pa'-sa-ka],  in  Buddhism,  III.  401, 

1  c.  Upasaki,  2  a. 

Upas  Tree,  XYI.  216  (ill.,  217).  Stories  about, 

2  c.  Poison  of,  217,  1  c. 

Upeneus  (ichthyology),  XII.  37,  1  c.  U.  ma- 
culatus,  ib. 

Upham,  Charles  Wentworth,  American  au¬ 
thor,  XVI.  217. 

Upham,  Thomas  Cogswell,  American  author, 
XVI.  217;  XIII.  447,  1  c. 

Upolu  [oo-po-loo'j :  see  Samoan  Islands. 
Upper  Alton ,  I.  362,  2  b  (Alton). 

Upper  Ashuelot ,  IX.  781,  1  b  (Keene). 

Upper  Canada :  see  Ontario,  province. 

“  Upper  cut”  in  pugilism,  XIV.  77,  1  a. 

Upper  Grove ,  county  seat,  VIII.  435,  1  a. 
Upper  leather ,  X.  271,  1  ab.'  Tanning  of,  275, 
2  be. 

Upper  Marlborough,  county  seat,  XIII.  842, 1  a. 
Upper  Sandusky ,  county  seat,  XVI.  745,  1  a. 
Uppstrom,  Andreas ,  his  reprints  of  Gothic 
manuscripts,  VIII.  125,  2  b. 

Upright,  basket-making  implement,  II.  366, 1  a. 
Up'sal,  district  of  Sweden,  XVI.  218.  Capital 
city,  1  b.  University  of,  214,  1  c,  218,  1  c. 
Gamla  Upsala,  2  ab.  Synod  of,  XIV.  249, 1  a. 
Upsala  [oop-sa'-la] :  see  Upsal. 

Upshur,  two  counties,  XVI.  218. 

Upson,  county,  XVI.  218. 

Upton,  Gen.  (Emory),  infantry  tactics  of,  IX. 
270,  1  a;  273,  2  a. 

Upupa  (ornithology),  VIII.  808, 1  b.  U.  epops, 
1  c  (ill.). 

Ur,  in  Chaldea,  IV.  228,  2  a;  230,  1  be. 
Urcemia,  disease,  VII.  170,  2  b  (Fevers). 


U'ral  [or  oo-ral'],  river  of  Russia,  XVI.  219. 
Uralians,  race,  VI.  756,  be  (table) ;  758,  1  c. 
Ural  Mountains,  Russia,  XVI.  219. 

Uralo- Altaic  race,  XVI.  42,  1  c. 

Uranate  of  soda,  XVI*  220,  1  b. 

Urania,  in  mythology,  XVI.  219. 

Urania  (entomology),  III.  500,  2  c. 

Urania  speciosa  (botany),  X.  810,  1  b. 

Uranic  compounds,  XVI.  219,  2  c. 

Uranienborg  [oo-ra'-ne-en-borg],  observatory 
of,  III.  184,  1  c;  XII.  566,  1  c. 

Uranium,  metal,  XVI.  219. 

Uranium  salts ,  fluorescent  properties  of,  XV. 
249,  1  a,  ff. 

Uranos' copus  (ichthyology),  XV.  321,  1  c.  U. 

vulgaris,  2  b  (ill.)  ;  anoplos,  ib. 

U'ranus,  in  classical  mythology,  XVI.  220. 
Uranus,  planet,  XVI.  220 ;  VIII.  698,  2  c ;  X. 
378,  2  b.  Irregularity  of,  how  caused,  XII. 
228,  1  c. 

Urari  [oo-r4'-re] :  see  Woorara. 

Urates  of  soda,  &c.,  XVI.  224,  1  c,  2  be. 
Urban,  name  of  eight  popes,  XVI.  221.  Ur¬ 
ban  II.,  1  b  ;  V.  528,  1  be.  Urban  V.,  XVI. 
221,  2  b.  Urban  VI.,  2  c;  IV.  622,  1  ab. 
Urban  VIII.,  XVI.  222,  1  ab. 

Urban'a,  city  of  Ohio,  XVI.  222. 

Urbana,  county  seat,  IV.  247,  2  a. 

Urbino  [oor-be'-no],  city  of  Italy,  XVI.  222. 
Urbi'num  Horten' se :  see  Urbino. 

Urce'ola  elas'tica  (botany),  III.  734,  2  a,  c  (ill., 
735). 

Urchin  (hedgehog),  VIII.  606,  1  ab. 

Urchin  Fish:  see  Sea  Porcupine, XIV. 739,  lc. 
Urdu  [oor-doo'J,  a  language  of  India,  IX.  217, 
1  a;  218,  2  c. 

Ure,  Andrew,  Scottish  chemist,  XVI.  223. 
Urea  :  see  Urine,  XVI.  224,  2  a.  Artificial 
production  of,  694,  2  c. 

Ure'do,  genus  of  fungi,  XVI.  223.  Referred 
to,  VII.  532,  2  c. 

Ure-ox :  see  Aurochs,  and  XII.  757,  2  b. 
Ure'ter  (anatomy),  II.  686,  1  be ;  IX.  827,  2  a. 

Of  birds,  II.  687,  1  c. 

Urethra  (anatomy),  II.  686,  1  c. 

Urfa  [oor'-fa] :  see  Edessa,  Mesopotamia,  VI. 
401,  2  b  ;  402,  2  a. 

Ur  gel,  Seo  de  [sa'-o  da  oor-khail'],  town  of 
Spain,  I.  480,  2  a.  Bishop  of,  his  relations 
to  Andorra,  2  b,  ff.  Regency  of,  VII.  138, 
1  c ;  XV.  214,  1  c. 

Urginea  maritima  (botany),  XV.  295,  2  ab  (ill.). 
Uri  [oo'-re],  Swiss  canton,  XVI.  223. 

Uria  (ornithology),  VIII.  309,  1  c.  U.  grylle, 


URIC 


UTRICULARIA 


767 


2  b  (ill.) ;  columba  and  troile  or  lomvia,  310,  | 
1  a;  arra,  1  b. 

Urio  Acid  :  see  Urine,  XYI.  224,  2  be,  and 
VIII.  174,  1  ab. 

Uric  acid  calculus ,  III.  570,  1  a. 

Uriconium:  see  Wroxeter. 

Urim  and  Thummim,  of  the  Hebrew  high  priest, 
XVI.  223. 

Urine,  XVI.  223.  See  Bladder,  II.  686,  2  c. 
Urinary  calculi,  removal  of,  687,  1  c :  see 
Calculi. 

Uriniferous  tubes ,  IX.  827,  2  a. 

Urn  :  see  Burial,  III.  452,  2  b,  453,  1  c  (ills.). 
Urnerloch  [oor'-ner-lukh],  tunnel,  Switzerland, 
VI.  57,  1  a. 

Urocyon  [yn-ros'-e-on],  (zoology),  VII.  358, 1  c ; 

359,  2  ab.  U.  littoralis,  2  c. 

Urode'la ,  order  of  amphibia,  I.  435,  2  c. 
Urot'richus  (zoology),  XI.  705,  1  c,  706,  2  b. 

U.  talpoides,  ib. ;  Gibbsii,  ib. 

Urquhart.  David  [ur'-kwurt],  British  author, 
XVI.  225. 

Urquiza,  Justo  Jose  de  [oor-ke'-sa] :  see  Ar¬ 
gentine  Republic,  I.  694,  2  b-696,  1  c. 
Urraca  [oor-ra'-ka],  queen  of  Castile  and  Leon, 
I.  295,  2  c  ;  296,  1  c. 

Ursa  Major,  and  Ursa  Minor :  see  Bear, 
Great  and  Lesser. 

Ursici’nus ,  Roman  general,  referred  to,  I.  426, 

1  be. 

Ur'sidce  (zoology),  IV.  10,  2  b  ;  11,  1  ab. 
Ursine  opossum  [ur'-sin],  V.  698,  2  be.  Another, 
XVI.  702,  2  c. 

Ur'sula,  Saint,  XVI.  225.  Reliquary  of :  see 
Memling. 

Ursulines,  monastic  order,  XVI.  225. 

Ursus  (zoology),  II.  417,  1  a.  U.  maritimus, 

1  c  (ill.) ;  horribilis,  2  c  (ill.,  418)  ;  spelasus, 
418,  2  a  ;  arctos,  ib. ;  Americanus,  ib.  (ill.) ; 
occidentalis,  419,  1  a  (ill.,  418);  labiatus,  ib. 
(ill.) ;  Isabellinus,  1  c  (ill.) ;  collaris,  2a;  or- 
natus,  2  ab  (ill.)  ;  Tibetanus,  2  be. 

Ur'tica  (botany),  XII.  254,  1  b,  be.  U.  urens, 

2  a  (ill.),  and  other  species. 

Urtica'cece  (botany),  XII.  254,  1  b. 

Urticaria:  see  Nettle  Rash. 

Urticece  [ur-tis'-e-e],  (botany),  XIII.  254,  1  b. 
Urucu  [oo-roo-koo7],  a  dye,  XIII.  61,  1  a. 
Uruguay  [oo-roo-gwl'],  republic  of  South 
America,  XVI.  226  (map).  Description, 
1  be.  Population,  &c.,  2  be.  Industries, 
227,  1  a.  Government,  2  b.  Education, 
religion,  &c.,  228,  1  ab.  History,  1  b. 
Uruguay,  river,  XVI.  228. 


URUMiAn  [oo-roo-me'-a],  town  of  Persia,  XVI. 

229.  Protestant  mission,  1  b.  Lake,  1  c. 
Urus  :  see  Aurochs,  and  II.  667,  2  ab  ;  XIV. 
468,  2  b. 

Use ,  in  law,  XI.  853,  2  b. 

Use ,  a,  in  welding,  VII.  318,  2  be. 

“  Use  of  Sarumf  liturgy,  X.  535,  2  a. 

Uses,  in  law,  XVI.  229.  Statute  of,  2  b ;  V. 

150,  2  c ;  VI.  700,  2  b. 

Ush'ant,  island  of  France,  XVI.  230. 

Ushas  [oo'-shas],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX. 
223,  2  c. 

Usher,  James,  Irish  prelate,  XVI.  230. 

Usip'etes ,  Germanic  tribe,  I.  271,  1  c. 

Usnea  (botany),  XV.  754,  1  a. 

Usquebaugh  [us-kwe-baw7] :  see  Whiskey. 
Ustariz ,  Geronimo  de  [oos-ta-reeth7],  on  political 
economy,  XIII.  667,  2  ab. 

Ustila'go  (fungus),  referred  to,  VII.  532,  2  c. 
U.  maydis,  XI.  45,  1  c. 

Usumasinta  River  [oo-soo-ma-seen7-ta]  :  see 
Guatemala,  VIII.  289,  2  a. 

Usury,  XVI.  230.  Usury  laws  of  England, 
2b;  of  the  United  States,  2  c.  What  con¬ 
stitutes  usury,  231,  1  a,  If.  Discount  of  in¬ 
terest,  2  a. 

Usus,  Roman  form  of  marriage,  V.  221. 

Utah,  territory,  XVI.  231.  Population,  2  b. 
Surface,  232,  1  ab.  Rivers  and  lakes,  1  c. 
Geology,  2  b.  Minerals,  2  c.  Climate,  233, 1  c. 
Soil  and  vegetation,  2  b.  Industries,  234, 1  b. 
Intercommunication,  2  ab.  Government,  2  c. 
Education,  235,  1  b.  Church  organizations, 
1  c.  History,  2  a. 

Utah,  county,  XVI.  235. 

Utah  lake,  VIII.  183,  2  c ;  XVI.  232,  2  a. 
UTAns,  or  Utes,  Indian  tribe,  XVI.  235. 

Uterus  (anatomy),  XII.  568,  2  c. 

Uther  Pendragon ,  in  British  mythology,  I. 
781,  1  b. 

Utica,  ancient  city  of  Africa,  XVI.  236. 

Utica,  city  of  New  York,  XVI.  236. 
Utilitarian  principle ,  of  government  and 
morals,  II.  534,  2  be  ;  535,  2  b. 

Utlatecas  [oot-la-ta'-kas] :  see  QuicnEs. 
Utopia,  political  romance,  XVI.  237 ;  XV. 
140,  1  b. 

Utraquists  :  see  Calixtines,  III.  618,  1  c. 
Utrecht  [yu'-trekt ;  Dutch,  u7-trekht],  province 
of  the  Netherlands,  XVI.  237.  Capital,  1  c. 
History,  2  b.  Treaty  of,  ib. ;  VII.  384,  1  a. 
Union  of,  XII.  247,  2  b. 

Utriculakia,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  237  (ill.). 
U.  neglecta,  238,  1  c ;  vulgaris,  2  a  (ill.). 


768 


UTTMANN 


VALENTI  A 


Uttmann ,  Barbara  [oot'-man],  (1514— ’75),  sup¬ 
posed  inventor  of  pillow  lace,  X.  77,  2  b. 
Uval'de  [Sp.  oo-val'-da],  county,  XVI.  238. 
Uvalde,  county  seat,  XVI.  239,  1  a. 

Uvaeoff,  Sergei  Semenovitch,  count  [oo-va'- 
rof],  Russian  statesman,  XVI.  239. 

Hvea,  pigment  layer  of  the  eye,  VII.  46,  1  be. 
Uvi  [oo'-ve],  Feejeean  plant,  VII.  110,  1  b. 


U'vttla  (anatomy),  XVI.  239;  XII.  817, 1  c  (ill.). 
TJ'wins,  Thomas,  English  painter,  XVI.  239. 
Uxbridge ,  earl  of:  see  Anglesey,  marquis  of. 
Uxmal,  ruins  of  [oox-maT],  XVI.  800,  1  b. 
Uz'becks,  people  of  Turkistan,  XVI.  239  ;  67, 
1  c-2  a,  69,  2  a ;  II.  799, 1  ab  ;  XV.  575,  2  c  •„ 
IX.  820,  2  c. 

Uzziah  :  see  Hebkews,  VIII.  588,  2  c. 


y 


V,  a  letter,  XVI.  239.  In  ancient  Italy,  1  c. 
In  Hebrew  and  probably  Phoenician,  2  c. 
Origin  of  its  present  form,  ib.  Interchanges, 
ib.  As  a  numeral,  240,  1  a.  On  old  French 
coins,  ib.  See  U. 

Vaagmeer  [vag'-mair],  fish,  XIV.  306,  2  a. 

Vaca,  CabeQa  de  :  see  Nunez,  Alvar. 

Vacca  (Francesco  Vacca  Berlinghieri,  professor 
at  Pisa,  died  1812),  his  theory  of  inflamma¬ 
tion,  IX.  275,  1  ab. 

Vaccaj,  Nicold  [vak-kl],  Italian  composer, 
XVI.  240. 

Vac'caeo,  Andrea,  Italian  painter,  XVI.  240. 

Vaccination,  XVI.  240.  Its  value  as  a  pro¬ 
tection  against  smallpox,  1  c.  Introduction 
and  spread  of :  see  Jennee,  Edward,  and 
Caeeo,  Jean  de. 

Vaccinium  (botany),  XVI.  612,  2  be ;  613,  1  c. 
V.  vitis  Idaea,  2  a  (ill.)  ;  Pennsylvanicum,  2  c ; 
vacillans,  614,  1  a ;  corymbosum,  1  b  (ill.) ; 
macrocarpon,  V.  456,  2  a ;  oxycoccus,  ib. ; 
myrtillus  (ill.),  II.  633. 

Vacheeot,  Etienne  [vash-ro],  French  philoso¬ 
pher,  XVI.  240. 

Vacoa,  or  vacoua  [va-kwa],  plant,  XIII.  37,  1  a ; 
XI.  291,  2  c. 

Vacuum ,  nature's  abhorrence  of  a ,  in  the  old 
philosophy,  II.  325,  1  c. 

Vacuum  case  barometer ,  II.  329,  2  a.  Becker’s 
improvement  of  it,  330,  1  b. 

Vacuum  line ,  in  the  steam  engine,  XV.  350,  2  b. 

Vacuum  pans ,  in  sugar  making,  XV.  447,  1  c. 

Vacuum  process ,  in  tanning,  X.  275,  1  b. 

Vadakar ,  tribe  of  India,  IX.  215,  2  c. 

Vadmel  [vad'-mel]  (or  wadmal),  woollen  fabric 
of  Iceland,  IX.  152,  1  c. 

Va'ga ,  river  :  see  Medway. 

Vaga,  Perino  del  [va'-ga],  Italian  painter, 
XVI.  241. 

Vagi’na  (anatomy),  XII.  568,  2  c. 

Vageant,  in  law,  XVI.  241. 


Vai$eshika  system  [vi-sa'-she-ka],  in  Hindoo 
philosophy,  IX.  227,  2  c. 

Vaillant,  Francois  Le  :  see  Le  Vaillant. 
Vair,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  671,  2  b. 

Vaisyas  [vice'-yas],  Hindoo  caste,  IX.  206,  2  c ; 
225,  2  c  ;  230,  2  b. 

Valais  [va-la],  Swiss  canton,  XVI.  241. 
Valckenaee,  Lodewijk  Casper  [val'-keh-nar], 
Dutch  scholar,  XVI.  241.  Jan,  statesman,  2  c. 
Valdegamas,  Marquis  de :  see  Donoso  Coetes. 
Valdez  :  see  Melendez  Valdez. 

Val  di  JVoto,  town  of  Sicily,  XII.  518,  2  be. 
Valdivia  [val-de'-ve-a],  province  of  Chili,  XVI. 

242.  Capital  city,  1  b. 

Valdivia ,  Pedro  de ,  conqueror  and  governor 
of  Chili  (1540-’59),  IV.  431,  2  a;  XVI. 

242,  1  be. 

Vale  of  Bed  Horse ,  VI.  404,  1  c. 

Valence  [va-langce],  town  of  France,  XVI.  242. 
Va'lence ,  chemical  atomicity,  II.  88,  2  a ; 
groups  of,  ib. 

Valencia,  county,  XVI.  242. 

Valencia  [Sp.  va-lain'-the-a],  ancient  kingdom 
of  Spain,  XVI.  242.  Province,  2  c.  Capi¬ 
tal  city,  243,  1  a. 

Valencia,  city  of  Venezuela,  XVI.  243. 
Valencia ,  county  seat,  XVI.  242,  2  a. 

Valencia ,  sea  of  XI.  353,  2  c. 

Valenciana ,  silver  mine  of  Mexico,  VIII.  279, 
1  c  ;  XV.  55,  2  be. 

Valencian  dialect ,  XIV.  39,  2  c. 

Valenciennes  [va-len-se-enz' ;  Fr.  va-lang-se- 
en],  town  of  France,  XVI.  243.  Valen¬ 
ciennes  lace,  X.  78,  2  b. 

Valenciennes,  Achille,  French  naturalist,  XVI. 

243. 

Val'ens,  Flavius,  Roman  emperor,  XVI.  244. 
Valentia ,  in  France:  see  Valence;  in  Spain: 

see  Valencia,  XVI.  243,  1  a. 

Valentia ,  ancient  province  of  Scotland,  XIV. 
704,  1  b. 


VALENTIN 


VAMPIRE 


769 


Valentin,  Gabriel  Gustav  [fA-len-teen'],  Ger¬ 
man  physiologist,  XVI.  244. 

Val'entine,  Saint,  XVI.  244.  St.  Valentine’s 
day,  1  be.  Origin  of  the  custom,  ib. 
Valentinian,  three  Roman  emperors,  XVI. 
244.  Flavius,  2  a.  Flavius,  his  son,  2  b. 
Placidius,  2  c. 

Valentinians,  Gnostic  sect :  see  Gnostics, 
VIII.  54,  1  c  (Valentinus). 

Valentinois,  Duchess  of  [va-lang-te-nwa] :  see 
Diana  of  Poitiers.  Duke  of :  see  Borgia, 
Cesare,  III.  94,  2  ab. 

Valenti'nus ,  a  Gnostic,  VIII.  54,  1  c. 

Valeria ,  Roman  province,  XIII.  88,  2  b. 
Valerian,  plant,  XVI.  245  (ill.).  Edible  vale¬ 
rian,  1  be  ;  medicinal,  1  c.  Medical  use,  2  c. 
Valerian  (Publius  Licinius  V alerianus),  Roman 
emperor,  XVI.  245. 

Valeriana  (botany),  XVI.  245, 1  ab.  V.  edulis, 
1  be ;  paucillora,  sylvestris,  officinalis  (ill.), 
and  pbu,  1  c. 

Valerianates ,  XVI.  246,  2  a,  ff. 

Valerianic  Acid,  XVI.  246. 

Valerianic  ethers ,  XVI.  246,  2  be. 

Valerian  laws ,  Roman,  referred  to,  III.  755, 1  c. 
Valeric  acid:  see  Valerianic  Acid. 

Valerius  Corvus,  Marcus,  Roman  general, 
XVI.  246. 

Valerius  Flaccus,  Caius,  Latin  poet,  XVI. 
247;  X.  197,  1  c. 

Valerius  Maximus,  Roman  author,  XVI.  247; 
X.  196,  2  a. 

Valerius  Poplicola :  see  Publicola,  and  III. 
755,  1  be  ;  VI.  92,  2  a. 

Valerius  Publicola  :  see  Publicola,  and  Va¬ 
lerius  Poplicola  (Index). 

Valesians ,  fanatical  sect,  VI.  776,  2  b.  Va- 
lesius,  its  founder,  ib. 

Valetta,  seaport  town  of  Malta,  XVI.  247 
(view).  University  of,  215,  1  ab. 

Valette,  Jean  Parisot  de  La  [la  va-let],  knigbt 
of  Malta,  XVI.  248. 

Valhalla  :  see  Mythology,  XII.  120,  1  b. 
Valiha ,  musical  instrument,  X.  812,  1  a. 
Valkyr'ies,  in  Scandinavian  mythology,  XII. 
581,  1  b;  120,  1  b. 

Valla,  Lorenzo,  Italian  scholar,  XVI.  248. 
Valladolid'  [Sp.  va-lya-£Ao-lee£7i'],  province 
of  Spain,  XVI.  248.  Capital  city,  2  a. 
Valladolid,  city  of  Mexico:  see  Morelia. 
Valladolid,  town  of  Mexico,  XVI.  248. 
Valladolid,  Honduras :  see  Comayagua,  V. 
133,  1  c. 

Vallandigham ,  Clement  L.  [val-lan'-de-gam], 

49 


(1822— ’71 ,  lawyer,  M.  C.  1857-’G3),  arrest 
of,  X.  494,  2  b. 

Vallauri,  Tommaso  [val-low'-re],  Italian  phi¬ 
lologist,  XVI.  248. 

Valle,  Pietro  della  [val'-la],  Italian  traveller, 
XVI.  248. 

Valle  Grande  [va'-lya  gran'-da],  in  Bolivia, 
III.  12,  2  c. 

Valle's  lead  mine ,  X.  254,  1  a  (twice). 

Valley,  county,  XVI.  249. 

Valley  Forge ,  Washington’s  encampment  at, 
XVL  158,  2  b ;  487,  1  b. 

Valley  of  Ilinnom,  IX.  612,  2  b. 

Valley  of  the  Inn :  see  Engadine. 

Valley  of  Ipsaca,  Sicily,  XI.  691,  1  b. 

Valley  of  Jelioshaphat ,  at  Jerusalem,  IX.  599, 
2  c ;  612,  2  ab. 

Valley  of  Shaveh ,  Palestine,  IX.  620,  1  ab. 

“  Valley  of  Wormwood ,”  II.  573, 1  b  (Bernard). 
ValliSre,  Mile,  de  La:  see  La  V ALLikRE. 
Vallisneria,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  249.  V. 

spiralis  (Americana),  1  c  (ill.);  III.  733,  1  be. 
Vallisnieri,  Antonio  [val-lis-nya'-re],  Italian 
naturalist,  XVI.  249.  On  spontaneous  gener¬ 
ation, VI.  560,  2  ab.  On  fossils,  VII.  688, 1  c. 
Vallombrosa,  abbey  of  Italy,  XVI.  249.  Val* 
lombrosians,  2  c. 

Valmore,  Marceline  Fffiicite  Josephe  Desbor- 
des,  French  authoress,  XVI.  250. 

Valmy ,  battle  of  VI.  311,  2  ab;  IX.  783, 1  ab. 
Valois ,  Felix  of:  see  Felix. 

Valois,  House  of  [va-lwa],  XVI.  250. 

Valonia  :  see  Oak,  XII.  558,  1  be.  Valonia 
oak,  1  b  (ill.). 

Valparaiso  [val-pa-ri'-so],  province  of  Chili, 
XVI.  250.  Capital  city,  1  c  (view). 
Valparaiso ,  county  seat,  XIII.  723,  1  a. 
Valtellina  [val-tel-le'-na],  valley  of  Lombar¬ 
dy,  XVI.  251.  Valtellina  massacre,  1  c. 
Valve ,  throttle ,  of  steam  engine,  XV.  341,  1  c. 
Screw  stop  valve,  ib.  Valve  gear,  2  b  ;  Ste¬ 
vens  valve  gear,  345,  1  ab.  Giving  lead  to 
the  valve,  347,  1  b  ;  to  give  lap  to,  ib.  Zeu- 
ner’s  valve  diagram,  1  be. 

Valve  cock ,  Hare's,  VIII.  458,  2  c. 

VaVvulce  conniven'tes  (anatomy),  IX.  323,  2  ab. 
Valvular  lesions ,  of  the  heart,  VIII.  562,  1  c. 
Vambery,  Arminius  [vam'-ba-re],  Hungarian 
traveller,  XVI.  251 ;  II.  800,  1  a,  2  be. 
Vam'pire,  in  zoology :  see  Bat,  II.  378,  2 
(ill.)  ;  III.  14,  2  c ;  V.  635,  lb;  XI.  59,  2  c. 
Vampire  of  the  ocean,  VI.  55,  2  a. 

Vampire,  fabulous,  XVI.  251. 

Vampire  cells :  see  Protoplasm,  XIV.  35,  2  be. 


770 


YAMPIRUS 


VAHNUCCIII 


Vampi’rus  (zoology),  II.  378,  1  c,  2  a.  Y.  spec¬ 
trum,  ib.  (ill.). 

Van,  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  XYI.  251. 
Lake,  252,  1  b. 

Van'adates  (chemistry),  XYI.  252,  2  c. 

Yana' die  anhydride ,  XYI.  252,  2  ab,  b ;  acid, 
253,  1  a. 

Vanad'inite ,  ore,  XYI.  252,  1  c. 

Van'adis ,  goddess,  XVI.  252,  1  c. 

Vanadium,  metal,  XYI.  252. 

Vanayl  de  Yongh  :  see  Saint-Elme. 

Van  Beneden ,  Prof.,  on  the  king  crab,  IX. 
838,  2  b.  Grouping  of  mollusks,  XI.  51, 
1  be.  Classification  of  batrachians  and  rep¬ 
tiles,  VIII.  694,  2  a;  of  fishes  (embryologi- 
cal  system),  IX.  161,  2  a ;  of  mammals,  XI. 
81,  1  be;  of  birds,  XII.  707,  2  ab. 

Van  Berkel ,  Dutch  negotiator,  I.  88,  2  be 
(Adams).  See  Laurens,  X.  209,  2  c. 
Vanbrugh,  Sir  John  [van-broo'],  English 
dramatist,  XYI.  253. 

Van  Buren,  name  of  four  counties,  XYI.  253. 
Van  Buren ,  county  seats,  IY.  35,  1  c  ;  Y.  465, 

1  c. 

Van  Buren,  Martin,  president  of  the  United 
States,  XYI.  253.  Albany  regency,  254,  1  a. 
On  the  elective  franchise,  1  ab ;  of  colored 
citizens,  1  b.  His  rejection  as  minister  to 
England,  ib. ;  IX.  492,  1  c.  Elected  presi¬ 
dent,  XVI.  254,  1  c.  Independent  treasury, 

2  c.  Presidential  canvass  of  1840,  255,  1  a. 
Opposition  to  the  annexation  of  Texas,  1  c. 
Candidate  of  the  free  democracy  (anti-sla¬ 
very),  ib.  Opposed  to  the  dismemberment  of 
the  Union,  2  b. — John,  American  lawyer,  ib. 

Vancouver,  George,  English  navigator,  XYI. 

255. 

Vancouver  Island,  XYI.  256.  Antiquities, 
2  b.  History,  ib. 

Vandalia,  town  of  Illinois,  XVI.  256. 
Vandals,  ancient  Germanic  barbarians,  XYI. 

256.  King  of  the  Vandals,  existing  title, 
IX.  834,  1  b. 

Vandalusia :  see  Andalusia. 

Vandamme,  Dominique,  count  [vang-dam], 
French  soldier,  XYI.  257. 

Vandemere' ,  county  seat,  XIII.  29,  2  be. 
Van'derbilt,  Cornelius,  American  capitalist, 
XYI.  257.  (Died  1877.) 

Vanderbilt  University,  Tennessee,  XYI.  258. 
Vanderburgh,  county,  XYI.  258. 

Van  der  Goes  :  see  Goes,  Hugo  van  der. 

Van  der  Heyden,  Jan  [hi'-den],  Dutch  painter, 
XYI.  258. 


Vanderhey  den's  ferry,  XYI.  12,  1  c  (Troy). 

Van  der  Hoeven  :  see  IIoeven.  His  division 
of  molluscoids,  XI.  724,  2  ab.  Classifica¬ 
tion  of  reptiles,  VIII.  694,  2  b ;  of  fishes, 
IX.  161,  2  a;  of  birds,  XII.  708,  1  c. 

Van'derlyn,  John,  American  painter,  XYI. 

258. 

Van  der  Meer,  Jan,  the  elder  [mair],  Dutch 
painter,  XYI.  259.  Jan,  the  younger,  1  b. 

Van  der  Meulen:  see  Meulen. 

Yandervel'de,  Adrian,  Dutch  painter,  XYI. 

259.  Willem,  the  elder,  painter,  1  be.  Wil¬ 
lem,  the  younger,  1  c. 

Vandevelde:  see  Vandervelde. 

Van  Diemen’s  Land  :  see  Tasmania. 

Van  Byclc  [dike] :  see  Vandyke. 

Vandyke,  Sir  Anthony,  Flemish  painter,  XYI. 
259.  His  kindness  to  Dobson,  YI.  165,  2  a. 

Vane,  of  a  feather,  VII.  104,  1  a. 

Vane,  Charles  William  Stewart:  see  London¬ 
derry,  Marquis  of. 

Vane,  Sir  Henry,  English  statesman,  XYI.  260. 

Vane,  Lady ,  referred  to,  XY.  126,  1  c. 

Vanellus  (ornithology),  X.  165,  2  c.  Y.  cris- 
tatus,  166,  1  be  (ill.);  Cayanensis,  1  c. 

Van  Erpen,  Thomas :  see  Erpenius. 

Vanessa  (entomology),  III.  498,  2  c.  Y.  Io, 
499,  1  a  (ill.)  ;  urticse,  ib. ;  cardui,  1  be  ;  An- 
tiopa,  1  a,  c  (ill.) ;  interrogationis,  2  b ;  com¬ 
ma,  2  be  ;  progne,  ib. 

Vanessa :  see  Vanhomrigh  (Index). 

Van  Eyck  :  see  Eyck. 

Van  Helmont  :  see  Helmont.  His  theory  of 
inflammation,  IX.  274,  2  c. 

Vanhomrigh,  Hester  (Vanessa),  relations  of 
with  Dean  Swift,  XY.  522, 1  a,  b.  Bequest 
of  to  Bishop  Berkeley,  II.  560,  1  c. 

Van  Horn,  buccaneer,  III.  375,  2  c. 

Van  Hove ,  Mile.,  wife  of  Talma,  XY.  560,  1  b. 

Vanilla,  genus  of  orchids,  XYI.  261.  Y. 

^  planifolia,  1  be  (ill.).  Vanilla  pods  or  beans, 
1  c,  2  ab.  Wild  vanilla,  2  c.  Attempts  to 
produce  in  the  East  Indies,  XII.  673,  1  a. 

Vanillic  acid ,  XYI.  261,  2  b. 

Vanilline  [va-nil'-lin],  XYI.  261,  2  b. 

Vanini,  Lucilio  [va-ne'-ne],  Italian  philosopher, 
XYI.  262. 

Vanishing  'points,  in  a  picture,  YI.  251, 1  a  (ill.). 

Van  Lennep  :  see  Lennep. 

Yanloo,  Jean  Baptiste  [vang-lo],  French  painter, 
XYI.  262.  Charles  Andre  (Carle),  1  c. 

Vannes  [van],  town  of  France,  XVI.  262. 

Van'ni,  Francesco,  Italian  painter,  XVI.  262. 

Vannucchi :  see  Vanucchi  (Index). 


VANNUCCI 


VASILI 


771 


Vannuoci,  Pietro  [van-noot'-che] :  see  Peru- 
gino. 

Van  OecTcelen's  automaton ,  II.  156,  1  a. 

Van  Oort,  Adam  :  see  Oort. 

Van  Oost,  Jacob,  the  elder  [oast],  Flemish 
painter,  XVI.  262.  Jacob,  the  younger,  2  b. 
Van  Oosterzee,  Jan  Jacob  [oas'-ter-za],  Dutch 
theologian,  XVI.  262. 

Van  Os,  Pieter  Gerard  [Sss],  Dutch  painter, 
XVI.  262. 

Vanozza ,  Rosa  [va-not'-sa],  mistress  of  Cardinal 
Rodrigo  Borgia  (Pope  Alexander  VI.),  I. 
279,  2  c ;  280,  1  a,  b. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen  (“the  patroon”), 
[ren'-se-ler],  American  statesman,  XVI.  263. 
Solomon,  soldier,  1  c.  Cortland,  clergyman, 
2  a. 

Van  Sohendel,  Petrus  [sken'-del],  Belgian 
painter,  XVI.  263. 

Vansittart,  Nicholas,  English  statesman,  XVI. 
263. 

Van  Swieten  :  see  Swieten. 

Vanucchi  [va-nook'-ke] :  see  Sarto,  Andrea  del. 
Van  Veen,  Otho  [vain],  Flemish  painter,  XVI. 
263. 

Vanvitelli,  Luigi,  Italian  architect,  XVI.  263. 
Van  Wart,  Isaac ,  one  of  Andre’s  captors,  I. 
483,  1  ab. 

Van  Wert,  county,  XVI.  264. 

Van  Wert ,  county  seat,  XVI.  264,  1  b. 

Van  Zandt,  county,  XVI.  264. 

Van  Zandt ,  tried  for  harboring  fugitive  slaves : 
see  Chase,  S.  P.,  IV.  327,  1  b,  and  Seward, 
W.  II.,  XIV.  792,  2  b. 

Vap  :  see  Gap,  VII.  617,  2  ab. 

Vapereau,  Louis  Gustave  [va-pro],  French 
author,  XVI.  264. 

Vapincum :  see  Gap. 

Vapor :  see  Atmosphere,  II.  81,  2  be ;  Boiling 
Point  ;  Clouds  ;  Dew  Dissociation,  VI. 
140,  1  be;  Evaporation;  Steam;  Vapori¬ 
zation  (Index).  Diffusion  of,  VII.  634,  1  be. 
Expansion  of,  32,  2  be.  Chemical  method 
of  extracting  and  weighing  aqueous  vapor, 
IX.  133,  2  ab. 

Vaporization,  XVI.  264.  Latent  heat  of, 
VIII.  577,  1  be  (ill.). 

“ Vapors,  the'1'1  (hysteria),  IX.  139,  2  b. 

Var,  department  of  France,  XVI.  266. 
Varangians  :  see  Northmen,  XII.  498,  1  c ; 
Russia,  XIV.  488,  2  c. 

Vara'nus  (zoology),  XI.  748,  2  a.  V.  Niloticus, 
749,  1  a  (ill.) ;  scincus,  1  b. 

Varec,  incinerated  sea  weed,  II.  311,  2  c. 


Vargas,  Juan  de,  one  of  Alva’s  blood  council, 
I.  370,  1  b. 

Vargas,  Luis  de,  Spanish -painter,  XVI.  266. 

Vari,  species  of  lemur,  X.  339,  1  be. 

Variation,  in  mathematics :  see  Combinations, 
V.  135,  2  ab. 

Varicella :  see  Chicken  Pox. 

Varicocele' ’,  disease,  XVI.  266,  2  b. 

Varicose  Veins,  XVI.  266. 

Variety :  see  Species,  XV.  234,  1  b. 

Varinas  :  see  B arinas. 

Variola :  see  Smallpox,  XV.  109,  2  b.  V. 
confluens,  110,  2  b  ;  discreta,  ib. 

Va'rioloid,  disease,  XVI.  267 ;  240,  2  a. 

Varix,  XVI.  283,  2  ab ;  I.  491,  1  c.  See 
Varicose  Veins. 

Varna,  town  of  Bulgaria,  XVI.  267.  Battle 
of,  1  c ;  I.  446,  2  be. 

Varnhagen  von  Ense,  Karl  August  Ludwig 
Philipp  [farn'-ha-ghen  fon  en'-seh],  German 
author,  XVI.  267.  Rahel  Levin,  1  ab,  ff. 

Varnish,  XVI.  267.  Ether  varnishes,  268, 1  ab; 
spirit,  1  b,  XIV.  277,  2  b  ;  volatile-oil,  XVI. 
268,  2  a ;  fixed-oil,  2  ab.  Other  kinds,  2  c. 
Recipes,  269,  1  b.  Liquid  resins,  2  a.  Cre¬ 
mona  varnish,  364,  2  c. 

Varnish  tree,  IX.  532,  1  be ;  XVI.  269,  2  a. 

Varo'li,  Costanzo,  Italian  anatomist,  XVI.  269. 

Varro,  Marcus  Terentius  (Reatinus),  Roman 
scholar,  XVI.  269;  X.  194,  2  c. 

Varro,  Publius  Terentius  (Atacinus),  Latin 
author,  XVI.  270  ;  X.  194,  2  b. 

Vartabeds,  Armenian  priests,  I.  725,  1  c. 

Vanina,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  223,  2  be. 

Varus,  Publius  Quintilius:  see  Arminius,  I. 
729,  1  c-2  a. 

Vas  [vosh],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI.  270. 

Vasa  [va'-sa],  government  of  Finland,  XVI. 
270.  Capital,  1  be. 

Vasa,  Gustavus :  see  Gustavus  I.  Mission 
among  the  Lapps  founded  by,  XI.  640,  1  ab. 

Vasa  deferentia  (anatomy),  alluded  to,  II.  686, 
2  ab. 

Vasarhely  [va'-shar-hely’],  town  of  Hungary, 
XVI.  270. 

Vasari,  Giorgio  [va-za'-re],  Italian  artist,  XVI. 
270 ;  IX.  462,  1  b. 

Vasco,  Miguel  de,  buccaneer,  III.  375,  2  a. 

Vasco  da  Gama  :  see  Gama. 

Vasconcellos ,  Diego  de,  Portuguese  officer,  I. 
258,  2  c. 

Vascones  [vas'-ko-neez],  (Basques),  ancient 
Spanish  tribe,  VII.  641,  1  b. 

Vasili  [va-se'-le] :  see  Eukotas. 


772 


VASILOPOTAMOS 


VEGETATIVE 


Vasilopot’amos  (Eurotas),  X.  83,  2  ab. 

Vasquez ,  Jose  [vas-kaitk'J,  nom  de  plume,  III. 
535,  1  a. 

Vassar,  county  seat,  XVI.  84,  2  b. 

Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  XVI.  270  (ill.). 
Vasu  [va-soo'J,  sister’s  son  (Feejee),VII.  111,2c. 
Vasvdr  [vosk'-var] :  see  Vas. 

Vdta  [va'-ta],  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  224,  1  b. 

Vdtch ,  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  224,  2  c. 

Vatel ,  celebrated  cook,  referred  to,  V.  300,  1  c. 
Vater,  Johann  Severin  [fa'-ter],  German  lin¬ 
guist,  XVI.  271. 

Vatican,  papal  palace  at  Rome,  XVI.  271. 
Museum,  272,  2  a;  picture  gallery,  2  c; 
library,  ib. 

Vatican,  Council  of  the,  XVI.  273.  Contro¬ 
versy  respecting  the  definition  of  papal  in¬ 
fallibility,  2  b.  “  Coblentz  Address,”  274, 
1  c.  Papal  letter  regulating  the  council,  2  c. 
Question  of  infallibility  introduced,  275,  2  be ; 
the  doctrine  established,  277,  1  a.  See  In¬ 
fallibility,  IX.  265,  1  c. 

Vatman,  in  paper  making,  XIII.  49,  1  a. 
Vattel,  Emmeric  de,  Swiss  publicist,  XVI. 

277.  On  the  law  of  nations,  X.  223,  1  be. 
Vattban,  S6bastien  Leprestre,  marquis  de  [vo- 

bang],  French  military  engineer,  XVI.  277 ; 
VII.  332,  1  c. 

Vaucanson,  Jacques  de  [vo-kang-song],  mechani¬ 
cian,  XVI.  277.  His  automata,  ib. ;  II.  155, 
1  a,  2  a. 

Vaucheria  [vaw-ke'-re-a],  (botany),  I.  300,  1  b. 
Vaucluse  [vo-kliiz],  department  of  France, 
XVI.  278.  Fountain  of,  1  b. 

Vatjd  [vo],  Swiss  canton,  XVI.  278. 
Vaudeville  [vo-duk-veel] :  see  Drama,  VI. 

247,  1  ab,  and  Basselin,  Olivier. 

Vaudois  [vo-dwa] :  see  Waldenses. 
Vaudreuil  [Fr.  vo-druy’],  county  of  Canada, 
XVI.  278. 

Vaudreuil,  French  Canadian  family,  XVI. 

278.  Philippe  de  Rigaud,  marquis  de,  gov¬ 
ernor  general,  2  be.  Pierre  de  Rigaud,  mar¬ 
quis  de,  governor  general,  2  c.  Louis  Phi¬ 
lippe  de  Rigaud,  marquis  de,  naval  officer, 

279.  1  a. 

Vaughan,  Henry  [vaw'-an  or  vawn],  British 
poet,  XVI.  279. 

Vaughan,  Robert,  clergyman,  XVI.  279. 
Vaulabelle,  Acliille  Tenaille  de  [vo-la-b&l], 
French  historian,  XVI.  279.  fileonore  de, 
author,  2  b. 

Vaunks  :  see  Cape  River. 

Vauquelin,  Louis  Nicolas  [vo-klang],  French 


chemist,  XVI.  279.  See  Chemistry,  IV. 
365,  1  c. 

Vautier,  Benjamin  [vo-tya],  Swiss  painter, 
XVI.  279. 

Vaux,  Pierre  de  [duh  vo] :  see  "Waldenses. 
Vaux-de-  Vire  [vo-duh-veer],  drinking  songs, 
II.  371,  1  c. 

Vauxhall  bridge ,  London,  X.  592,  1  be. 
Vaux-Praslin  [vo-prAlang],  Fouquet’s  chateau, 
XI.  375,  1  c. 

Vdyu  [va'-yoo],  Hindoo  deity,  IX.  223,  2  ab ; 
224,  1  b. 

Vazimba ,  the ,  extinct  race  of  Madagascar,  X. 
813,  1  c. 

Ye  [va],  in  Norse  mythology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 
Yecchio ,  palazzo  [pa-lat'-so  vek'-kyo],  in  Flor¬ 
ence,  galleries  of,  VII.  276,  1  ab. 

Yecellio ,  Tiziano  [va-chel'-le-o]  :  see  Titian. 
Yectigalia ,  in  Roman  law,  I.  192,  1  a. 

Vectis,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  2  be. 

Veda  [va'-da],  Bralimanic  scriptures,  XVI. 
280 ;  IX.  207,  1  a,  222,  1  c.  Gods  of  the, 
223,  2  a,  ff. 

Yeddngas ,  in  Sanskrit  literature,  IX.  222,  2  be  ; 
XVI.  280,  1  b. 

Yeddnta ,  in  Sanskrit  literature,  IX.  222,  2  c ; 
227,  2  b,  c ;  229,  1  a.  Vedanta-Sara,  227, 
2  be,  c. 

Yeda-  Yydsa  [  va'-da- vya'-sa],  legendary  author 
of  the  Vedas,  IX.  227,  2  b. 

Vedder,  Elihu,  American  artist,  XVI.  280. 
Vega,  Garcilaso  de  la:  see  Garcilaso  de  la 
Vega. 

Vega,  Georg  von,  baron  [fa'-ga],  German 
mathematician,  XVI.  280. 

Vega,  Lope  de  [lo'-pa  da  va'-ga],  (Lope  Felix 
de  Vega  Carpio),  Spanish  dramatist,  XVI. 
280  ;  XV.  221,  2  b. 

Yegetable  butter ,  XII.  739,  1  a. 

Vegetable  egg :  see  Egg  Plant. 

Vegetable  fibrine :  see  Gluten. 

Yegetable  insect  wax ,  XVI.  515,  2  be. 
Vegetable  Ivory  Tree  :  see  Phytelephas. 
Vegetable  marrow ,  XV.  293,  2  c  (Squash). 
Vegetable  matter ,  constituents  of,  I.  193,  2  a. 
Source  of  its  growth,  2  c,  194,  1  a.  Varia¬ 
ble  in  the  soil,  195,  1  a.  Natural  growth, 
ib. ;  artificial,  ib. 

Vegetables ,  forcing  of  IX.  7,  2  c. 

Vegetable  spermaceti ,  XVI.  515,  2  be. 
Vegetation ,  in  heart  disease,  VIII.  561,  2  c. 
Vegetation ,  organs  of  X.  264, 1  a ;  XIII.  576, 1  a. 
Vegetative  functions ,  XII.  544,  2  be  (Nutri¬ 
tion). 


VEHICLE 


VENICE 


773 


Vehicle ,  in  painting,  XII.  804,  2  b. 

Vehm,  the  holy:  see  Veiimic  Courts,  XVI. 
281,  1  c. 

Veiling erichte  [faim'-g£h-rich-t&h] :  see  Vehmic 
Courts. 

Vehmio  Courts  [va'-mik],  XVI.  281. 

Vehse,  Karl  Eduard  [fa'-zSh],  German  histo¬ 
rian,  XVI.  282. 

Veii  [ve'-yi],  Etruscan  city,  XVI.  282. 

Vein-,  in  mineralogy:  see  Mineral  Deposits, 
XI.  578,  1  b  (ills.) ;  Lead,  X.  250,  2  ab. 
Veins,  in  anatomy,  XVI.  282.  Pulmonary, 
IV.  606,  2  c  (ill.,  VIII.  557).  Hepatic  or 
intralobular  vein,  X.  537,  2  a  (ill.).  Um¬ 
bilical,  536,  2  c,  537,  1  ab ;  VI.  564,  2  c. 
Movement  of  the  blood  in,  IV.  609,  1  c. 
Veins  of  leaves ,  X.  264,  2  a  (ills.). 

Vein  stones ,  concretions  in  veins,  XVI.  283,  2  b. 
Veit,  Philipp  [fite],  German  painter,  XVI.  283. 
Vela,  Vincenzo  [va'-la],  Italian  sculptor,  XVI. 
284. 

Velarium ,  awning,  V.  110,  2  c. 

Velasquez,  Diego  [va-las'-kaith],  Spanish  knight, 

III.  567,  1  b. 

Velasquez,  Diego  Rodriguez  de  Silva  y,  Span¬ 
ish  painter,  XVI.  284. 

Velde,  Franz  Karl  van  der  [fan  der  fel'-deh], 
German  novelist,  XVI.  284. 

Velia,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  XVI.  284. 

Velino,  falls  of  the  [va-le'-no],  XV.  660,  1  c. 
Vel'itrce:  see  Velletri. 

Velleia  [vel-le'-ya],  ancient  Italian  city,  XIII. 
487,  2  a. 

Velleius  Paterculus  :  see  Paterculus. 
Velletri  [vel-la'-tre],  town  of  Italy,  XVI.  285. 
Vellore',  town  of  British  India,  XVI.  285. 
Vellum  :  see  Parchment,  XIII.  73,  2  be. 
Velocim'eter,  for  measuring  velocity  of  pro¬ 
jectiles,  XVI.  285  (ills.) ;  VIII.  324,  2  b. 
Velocipede  [ve-los'-e-peed],  XVI.  286. 
Velpeau,  Alfred  Armand  Louis  Marie  [vel-po], 
French  surgeon,  XVI.  286. 

Veltellin  [fel-tel-leen'J :  see  Valtellina. 
Velum  interpositum,  of  the  brain,  III.  188,  2  b. 
Velum  palati,  XII.  817,  1  b  (Palate). 

Velvet,  XVI.  287. 

Velvet ,  of  the  deer,  V.  759,  2  b.  “In  the  vel¬ 
vet,”  756,  2  b. 

Velvet  Booh,  Russian  record  of  nobility,  I.  294, 
1  a. 

Velveteen,  XVI.  287,  1  b  (Velvet). 

Vena  contractu :  see  Hydromechanics,  IX.  122, 
1  be  (ill.). 

Venaissin:  see  Comtat- Venaissin. 


Venango,  county,  XVI.  287. 

Vena  porta,  (anatomy),  X.  536,  2  c  ;  537, 1  ab,  b. 
Venasque  [vuh-nask],  town  of  France  (near 
Carpentras),  V.  195,  2  be. 

Vendace,  fish,  XVI.  287. 

Vendee,  La  [la  vang-da],  department  of  France* 
XVI.  288.  Insurrection  of,  1  b. 

Vendee,  the  Little ,  insurgent  body,  IV.  520,  2  c. 
Vendidad ,  division  of  the  Zend-Avesta,  XVI. 
810,  2  a,  c. 

Ven'dita,  III.  771, 1  c ;  alte  vendite,  2  a  (Car¬ 
bonari). 

Vendome  [vang-dome],  town  of  France,  XVI. 
288. 

Vendome,  Cesar,  duke  de,  French  prince,  X\  I. 
288.  Francois  de :  see  Beaufort,  duke  of. 
Louis,  duke  de,  2  c.  Louis  Joseph,  duke  de, 
general,  289,  1  a. 

Venedey,  Jakob  [fa  n&h-di'],  German  author, 
XVI.  289. 

Ven'edi,  XVI.  552,  2  be  (Wends). 

Veneer',  XVI.  289.  Pressed  work,  2  c. 
Venera'cea  (conchology),  XV.  400,  2  a. 
Ven'erie,  stag  hunting,  XV.  302,  1  b. 

Ven'eti,  early  Italian  race,  IX.  439,  1  a ;  XVI. 
290,  1  b. 

Venetia,  in  ancient  geography,  XVI.  290.  In 
modern,  1  c. 

Venetian  glass,  VIII.  8,  2  a  (ill.,  9).  Filigree 
glass,  23,  1  c  (ill.). 

Venezuela,  United  States  of  [ven-e-zu-e'-la ; 
Sp.  va-na-swa'-la],  XVI.  290  (map).  Divi¬ 
sions  and  population,  2  b.  Coast  line,  291, 

1  a.  Topography,  292,  1  b.  Hydrography, 

2  ab.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  c.  Climate, 
293,  1  c.  Flora,  2  b.  Fauna,  294,  1  b. 
Industries,  2  b.  Commerce,  2  c.  Govern¬ 
ment,  295, 1  c.  Education,  2  ab.  Religion, 
2  b.  History,  2  c.  Origin  of  name,  ib. 

Veni  :  see  Beni,  department  and  river. 

Veni,  vidi,  vici  (I  came,  saw,  conquered),  Ce¬ 
sar’s  report,  III.  542,  2  a. 

Venice,  province  of  Italy,  XVI.  296.  Capital 
city,  2  ab.  St.  Mark’s  place,  2  c  (ill.).  His¬ 
tory,  299,  1  a.  Marriage  with  the  Adriatic, 
298,  1  c,  299,  2  b;  XIV.  337,  2  c :  see  Bu- 
centaur.  Bank  of,  II.  273, 1  c ;  XI.  736, 1  a. 
Venice,  Gulf  of,  XVI.  300. 

Venice,  Little:  see  Arendal,  and  Venezuela, 
XVI.  295,  2  c. 

Venice ,  prince  of,  title  of  Eugene  de  Beauliar- 
nais,  II.  426,  2  a. 

Venice  of  the  Alps  (Bern),  II.  570,  2  a. 

Venice  of  Asia  (Serinagur),  XIV.  776,  2  b. 


774 


VENICE 


VERIA 


Venice  point,  lace,  X.  77,  2  b. 

Venice  sumach ,  shrub,  VII.  547,  1  c. 

Venice  turpentine ,  III.  264,  1  be ;  XVI.  77,  1  c. 
Veni're,  writ,  IX.  723,  2  c. 

Venius :  see  Van  Veen. 

Venloo  [ven-lo'J,  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
XVI.  300. 

Venom,  poisonous  secretion,  XVI.  300. 

Venous  hum ,  in  chlorosis,  IV.  504,  2  a. 

Venta  Belgarum:  see  Winchester,  England. 

T  entidius  (P.  Ventidius  Bassus),  Roman  gen¬ 
eral,  XIII.  136,  1  a. 

Ventilation  :  see  Warming  and  Ventilation. 
Ventilator  of  the  Hartz,  II.  746,  2  c. 

Ventricles  of  the  heart,  VIII.  557, 1  b ;  558,  2  b. 
Ventricular  valves,  VIII.  558,  1  a,  c. 
Ventriloquism,  XVI.  301.  How  effected,  2  ab. 
Ventura,  county,  XVI.  302. 

\entura  de  Raulica,  Gioacchino  [ven-too'- 
ra  da  row'-le-ka],  (Father  Ventura),  Italian 
pulpit  orator,  XVI.  302.  See  Philosophy, 

XIII.  445,  1  b. 

Venus,  in  mythology,  XVI.  302.  Worship  and 
temple  of  at  Paphos,  XIII.  53,  2  c. 

Venus,  planet,  XVI.  303.  Phases  of,  first 
discovered  by  Galileo,  VII.  567,  2  b.  Tran¬ 
sits  of,  predicted  by  Kepler,  IX.  808,  2  c ; 
first  observed  by  Horrox,  VIII.  824,  1  b. 
See  Transit,  and  Rittenhouse,  XIV.  348, 1  a. 
Venus  Anadyomene ,‘  painting  of  Apelles,  I. 

581,  1  c.  See  Anadyomene. 

Venus  of  Arles,  statue,  I.  718,  2  b. 

Venus  of  the  Capitol,  referred  to,  III.  757,  1  ab ; 

XIV.  415,  2  a. 

Venus  Cloacina,  IV.  695,  1  c. 

Venus  Erycina,  temple  of,  XIII.  381,  1  b. 
Venus  de ’  Medici,  statue,  XVI.  303,  1  a ;  VII. 
276,  1  b. 

Venus  mercenaria  (mollusca),  IV.  629,  1  c  (ill.). 

V.  verrucosa  (ill.),  V.  199,  1  b. 

Venus  of  Milo  :  see  Melos,  XI.  374,  2  b ;  XIV. 

696,  1  ab  ;  719,  2  b ;  XVI.  303, 1  a. 

Venus’s  Flower  Basket,  sponge, XVI. 305  (ill.). 
Venus’s  Fly  Trap  :  see  Dionhsa,  VI.  122,  2  b. 
Venus’s  Girdle,  jelly  fish,  XVI.  305  (ill.). 
Venus  urania  :  see  Urania. 

Venus  Victrix,  XIV.  719,  2  b.  See  Venus  of 
Milo  (Index). 

Vera ,  Augusta:  see  Philosophy,  XIII.  445, 1  b. 
(A.  Vera,  professor  of  philosophy  in  many 
French  colleges  ;  writings  chiefly  in  French, 
but  some  in  Italian  and  English.) 

Vera  Cruz  [va'-ra  krooce],  state  of  Mexico, 
XVI.  305.  City,  306,  1  a  (view). 


Vera  Cruz,  county  seat,  VI.  222,  1  a. 

Ver atria :  see  V eratrine. 

Veratrine  [ve-ra'-trin],  organic  base,  XVI.  307. 

Veratrum:  see  Hellebore,  VIII.  621,  2  a. 

Verbanus,  Lacus :  see  Lago  Maggiore. 

Verbascum  thapsus  (botany),  XII.  30,  1  be 
(ill.,  31);  blattaria,  31,  1  c;  lychnitis,  ib. ; 
Chaixii,  2  a. 

Verbena,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  307.  V.  ur- 
ticifolia  (nettle-leaved  verbena),  2  c ;  hastata 
(blue),  ib. ;  officinalis  (European),  ib. ;  Au- 
bletia  (Rocky  mountain),  308,  1  a.  Hybrid 
garden  verbenas,  ib.  (ills.,  307,  308).  V. 
cliamsedrifolia,  phlogifolia,  and  teucrioides, 
ib.  Sweet-scented  or  lemon  verbena,  2  a. 
Extract  of  verbena,  X.  337,  2  a. 

Verbena’ cea:,  XV.  602,  2  be ;  XVI.  307,  2  ab. 

Verboeckhoven,  Eugene  Joseph  [vair-book'- 
ho-ven],  Belgian  painter,  XVI.  308.  Charles 
Louis,  painter,  2  b. 

Vercellce :  see  Vercelli. 

Vercelli  [vair-chel'-le],  city  of  Italy,  XVI. 
308.  Raudian  fields,  309,  1  a. 

V ERcnkRES  [vair-shair'J,  county  of  Canada, 
XVI.  309. 

Vercheres,  county  seat,  XVI.  309,  1  ab. 

Vercinget'orix ,  Gallic  chief,  I.  273,  1  ab ;  VII. 
648,  2  c. 

Vekd,  Cape:  see  Cape  Verd. 

Vekd  Antique:  see  Marble,  XI.  145,  2  c, 
147,  2  c,  148,  1  a. 

Verdea  [vair-da'-a],  green  wine,  IX.  468,  2  b. 

Verdi,  Giuseppe  [vair'-de],  Italian  composer, 
XVI.  309 ;  XII.  92,  2  b. 

Verdigris  [ver'-de-greece] :  see  Copper,  V. 
319,  1  ab ;  I.  61,  2  b. 

Verditer,  a  pigment,  V.  319,  1  ab  ;  II.  757, 1  b. 

Verdun  [vair-diing],  town  of  France,  XVI.  309; 
VII.  379,  2  c;  IV.  284,  2  c. 

Vere,  Sir  Aubrey  de,  Irish  poet,  XVI.  310. 
Aubrey  Thomas  de,  author,  1  a. 

Verenabad  [fa-ra'-na-bat],  hot  spring,  II.  21 1 , 1  a. 

Verge,  of  watch  escapement,  IV.  701,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Vergennes  [ver-jenz'],  city,  Vermont,  XVI.  310. 

Vergennes,  Charles  Gravier,  count  de  [vair- 
zhSn],  French  statesman,  XVI.  310 ;  I.  88, 
1  be,  ff. 

Vergil,  Polydore,  English  historian,  XVI.  310. 

Vekgniaud,  Pierre  Victurnien  [vair-nye-o], 
French  revolutionist,  XVI.  310. 

Verhuel,  Admiral  [vair'-oo-el],  (1754-1845 ; 
peer  of  France  1819),  reputed  father  of  Na¬ 
poleon  III.,  III.  48,  2  ab ;  II.  427,  1  c. 

Vekia  [va-re'-a],  Turkish  town,  XVI.  311. 


VERIFY 


VESANTARA 


775 


Verina ,  Byzantine  empress,  II.  3G4,  1  b. 
Vermejo :  see  Beemejo. 

Veemicelli:  see  Macaeoni. 

Vermiform  appendix  (anatomy),  III.  539,  2  a. 
Veemigli,  Pietro  Martire  [vair-me'-lye],  Italian 
reformer,  XYI.  311. 

Veemilion:  see  Cinnabae,  IY.  599,  1  c,  GOO, 

1  a.  Adulteration  of,  1  c. 

Veemilion,  three  counties,  XYI.  311. 

Vermilion ,  county  seat,  IY.  651,  2  c. 
Vermilionville ,  county  seat,  X.  93,  1  c. 
Vermillion :  see  Veemilion. 

Veemont,  state,  XYI.  311.  State  seal  (ill.), 
312.  Population,  1  b.  Topography,  2  b. 
Hydrography,  2  be.  Geology,  313,  1  a. 
Minerals,  1  c.  Natural  curiosities,  2  be. 
Climate,  2  c.  Flora  and  fauna,  314,  1  a. 
Agriculture,  1  b.  Pisciculture,  2  ab.  Manu¬ 
factures,  2  b.  Commerce,  315,  1  a.  Inter¬ 
communication,  2  a.  Banks,  &c.,  1  c.  Gov¬ 
ernment,  ib.  Finances,  316,  1  b.  Public 
institutions,  2  a.  Education,  2  be.  Libra¬ 
ries,  newspapers,  &c.,  317,  2  b.  Religious 
organizations,  2  c.  History,  ib. 

Veemont,  University  of  :  see  Buklington,  III. 
461,  1  a. 

Vermont  boy  calculator ,  XI Y.  516,  2  c. 

Veene,  Jules  [vairn],  French  author,  XYI.  319. 
Veenet  [vair-na],  family  of  French  painters, 
XYI.  319.  Antoine,  2  a.  Claude  Joseph 
(Joseph  Yernet),  2  b.  Antoine  Charles  Ho¬ 
race  (Carle  Yernet),  2  c.  Jean  Emile  Horace 
(Horace  Yernet),  320,  1  a. 

Vemeuil ,  marchioness  de  [vair-niiy’] :  see  En- 
teagues.  Gaston  Henri  de,  YI.  671,  2  b. 
Veenieb  [ver'-ne-er],  instrument  for  subdivi¬ 
ding  divisions  of  a  scale,  XYI.  320  (ill.). 
Vernier ,  Peter  [vair-nya],  (of  Burgundy,  1580- 
1637),  inventor,  XYI.  321,  1  ab. 

Veenon,  three  counties,  XYI.  321. 

Vernon ,  county  seats,  IX.  483,  1  b ;  604,  2  b ; 

XIY.  602,  1  b ;  XYI.  474,  1  c. 

Veenon,  Edward,  English  admiral,  XYI.  321. 
Veenon,  Robert,  English  collector  of  paint¬ 
ings,  XYI.  321. 

Verodu'num :  see  Y eedun. 

Veeon,  Louis  Desire  [va-rong],  French  journal¬ 
ist,  XYI.  321. 

Yeeon,  Pierre,  French  writer,  XYI.  322. 
Veeona  [va-ro'-na],  province  of  Italy,  XYI. 

322.  Capital  city,  2  a  (view).  Congress  of, 

323,  2  a. 

Veeonese,  Paul  [va-ro-na'-za] :  see  Cagliaei, 
Paolo. 


Veron'ica ,  $£.,her  miraculous  portrait  of  Christ, 
IY.  523,  1  c. 

Veeplanck,  Gulian  Crommelin,  American  au¬ 
thor,  XYI.  323. 

Verports ,  Incomparable ,  XYI.  26,  2  ab  (Tulip). 
Verrazani:  see  Veeeazzano. 

Veeeazzano,  Giovanni  da  [vair-rat-sa'-no], 
Florentine  navigator,  XYI.  323. 

Yee'ees,  Roman  governor,  XYI.  324.  Cicero’s 
orations  against,  IY.  574,  2  ab. 

Verria :  see  Y eeia. 

Verriani,  Roman  calendar,  YII.  93,  2  c. 

Verrill ,  Prof,  (of  Yale  College),  his  classifica¬ 
tion  of  polyps,  XIII.  689,  2  a. 

Yeeeocchio,  Andrea  [vair-rok'-ke-o],  Italian 
artist,  XYI.  324. 

Yeesailles  [ver-sailz' ;  Fr.  vair-say’],  city  of 
France,  XYI.  324.  Convention  of,  YII. 
398,  2  b.  Peace  of,  399, 1  ab ;  760, 1  b,  2  a. 
Versailles ,  county  seats,  XI.  827,  2  b;  XIY. 

346,  2  a;  XYI.  708,  2  a. 

Verses ,  in  Greek  New  Testament,  origin  of,  XY. 

373,  lb;  II.  612,  1  b. 

Version,  in  obstetrics,  XII.  570,  2  b. 

Verst,  Russian  mile,  XIY.  487,  1  a. 

Vert,  in  heraldry,  YIII.  671,  2  a. 

Vert  de  Ouignet  [vair  dull  ghe-nya],  pigment, 
IY.  555,  1  c. 

Yee'tebea  :  see  Skeleton,  XY.  77, 1  b  ;  Com- 
paeative  Anatomy,  Y.  173,  1  a,  ff . ;  and 
Philosophical  Anatomy. 

Vertebrce,  cranial,  Oken’s  theory  of,  XIII.  422, 
2  b ;  Goethe’s,  423,  1  b. 

Yeetebea'ta,  branch  of  the  animal  kingdom, 
XYI.  325. 

Yeetigo,  in  pathology,  XYI.  325. 

Yeetnee,  Rosa  (Jeffrey),  American  authoress, 
XYI.  326. 

Yeetot,  Ren6  Aubert  de  [vair-to],  French  his¬ 
torian,  XVI.  326. 

IYr^a<iw[vair-tu-ga-dang] :  seeFAETHiNGALE. 

Vebtumnus,  god  of  the  seasons,  XYI.  326. 
Verulam,  baron:  see  Bacon,  Francis. 

Verulia  (ornithology),  XIII.  506,  2  a.  Y.  ca- 
runculata,  ib. 

Vebus,  Lucius :  see  Antoninus,  Marcus  Au¬ 
relius,  I.  574,  1  c,  2  a.  Marcus  Annius,  1  c. 
Veevain:  see  Yeebena. 

Yeeviees  [vair-vya],  town  of  Belgium,  XYI. 

326. 

Vervins  [vair-vang],  treaty  of,  YII.  383,  1  a. 
Vesalius,  Andreas,  Flemish  physician,  XYI. 
326. 

Vesantara,  Buddhist  legend  of,  III.  400,  1  c. 


776 


YESICA 


YICQ  D’AZYR 


Vesi'ca  urina'ria  (anatomy),  II.  686,  1  b. 
Vesic'ula  a'eris ,  in  the  bird’s  egg,  VI.  450,  2  b. 
Vesiculce  semina'les ,  alluded  to,  II.  686,  2  ab. 
Vesicular  stomati'tis,  III.  703,  1  ab. 

Vesir  [va-zeer'J :  see  Vizier. 

Vesontio :  see  Besanqon,  II.  590,  1  c. 

Vesoul  [vuh-zool],  town  of  France,  XYI.  326. 
Vespa  (entomology),  XYI.  492,  2  c.  Y.  vul¬ 
garis,  493,  1  a  (ill.);  Britannica,  2  b;  cra- 
bro,  VIII.  823,  1  c ;  maculata,  2  c. 
Vespasian,  Roman  emperor,  XVI.  827. 
A7espers,  daily  evening  service,  XYI.  327. 
Vespert\lio  (zoology),  II.  376,  2  c  (ill.,  Y.  com¬ 
munis). 

Vespiary ,  wasp  nests,  XVI.  493,  1  a. 

Vespucci,  Amerigo  [a-ma-re'-go  ves-poot'-che], 
Italian  navigator,  XYI.  327.  Iiis  voyage  to 
Brazil  referred  to,  III.  231,  1  b. 

Vessels,  in  plants,  XIII.  579,  1  a. 

Vesta,  goddess,  XVI.  328. 

Vesta ,  asteroid,  II.  38,  2  b. 

Vestalia ,  festival,  XYI.  328,  1  c. 

Vestal  Virgins,  priestesses  of Vesta,  XVI.  328. 
Vestris,  family  of  dancers,  XVI.  328  ;  II.  244, 
1  ab.  Angiolo  Maria  Gasparo,  XVI.  328,  2  c. 
Gaetano  Apollino  Baldassare,  ib.  Marie  Au¬ 
guste  (Vestris-Allard,  or  Vestris  II.),  329, 1  a. 
Auguste  Armand,  1  b.  Madame  (Barto- 
lozzi),  ib. 

Vesunna :  see  Perigueux. 

Vesuvian ,  mineral,  IX.  176,  1  be. 

Vesuvian  salt ,  XIII.  761,  1  c. 

Vesuvius,  volcano  of  Italy,  XVI.  329  (map, 
330).  Eruption  of  472,  X.  350,  1  a. 
Veszpr:em  [ves'-praim],  county  of  Hungary, 
XVI.  330. 

Veta  [va'-ta],  sickness,  III.  14,  1  b ;  XIII.  338, 

1  a. 

Vetch,  plant,  XVI.  331  (ill.).  Leaf  of,  X.  266, 

1  b  (ill.). 

Veterinary  schools ,  VI.  431,  1  c. 

Veterinary  Science,  XVI.  331.  Epizootic 
influenza,  2  b.  Strangles,  or  distemper,  332, 

2  b.  Diseases  of  bones,  333,  1  a ;  spavins, 

1  c ;  splints,  2  b ;  ringbones,  334, 1  a.  Shoe¬ 
ing  and  diseases  of  the  feet,  1  c ;  navicular 
disease,  2  c ;  founder,  335,  2  a ;  corns,  2  c. 
Breaking  and  training  of  horses,  336,  1  b. 

Vet'iver,  name  of  aromatic  grasses,  XVI.  336 ; 

'  X.  337,  2  a;  XIII.  289,  1  c. 

A  eto,  executive  check  on  legislation,  XVI.  337. 

“ Veto  act”  of  the  Scottish  general  assembly, 
VII.  468,  1  be. 

Vetranio,  Roman  usurper,  V.  279,  1  a. 


Ateuillot,  Louis  [vfth-yo],  French  author,  XVI. 
337. 

AAevay  [vhh-va],  Swiss  town,  XAH.  337. 
Vevay',  county  seat,  XV.  533,  1  be. 

Vevey :  see  Vevay. 

Veys,  African  tribe,  X.  398,  2  ab. 

Vezere  [vuh-zair],  river,  VI.  214,  2  a ;  V.  381, 2  c. 
Via  Appia:  see  Appian  Way. 

T  ia  Crucis ,  V.  Ill,  1  ab  (Colosseum). 

Viadrus :  see  Oder. 

Via  lactea :  see  Galaxy. 

A  iardot,  Louis  [vyar-do],  French  author,  XVI. 

337.  Michelle  Pauline  Garcia,  vocalist.  338, 

1  a. 

Viaro  Pasha ,  sobriquet,  III.  759,  1  a. 

Atiatka  [vyat'-ka],  government  of  Russia,  XVI. 

338.  Capital  city,  1  c. 

Vibinum :  see  Bovino. 

Vibiscum :  see  A7evay. 

A"  iborg  [ve'-borg],  government  of  Finland,  XVI. 
338.  Capital,  2  a. 

Vibration :  see  Harmony,  VIII.  466,  2  a ; 
Sound,  XA  .  174,  2  a.  AAbration  fraction  of 
an  interval,  XII.  79,  2  b. 

Vibrio,  genus  of  minute  organisms,  XArI.  338 ; 

I.  571,  1  b.  In  fermentation,  A" II.  144,  2  a. 
Vibrionia :  see  Vibrio. 

Vibrions ,  A7II.  144,  2  a.  See  AAbrio. 
AAburnum,  genus  of  shrubs,  XA7I.  338.  A7, 
lantanoides,  lantana,  and  lentago,  339,  1  b ; 
dentatum,  2  a ;  acerifolium,  ib.  (ill.) ;  tinus, 

2  b  (ill.);  opulus,  VIII.  295,  2  be  (ill.,  296); 
macrocephalus,  296,  1  b;  plicatum,  ib. 

Vi'ce-co'mes :  see  Viscount,  and  Sheriff,  XIV. 
848,  2  c. 

AAcente,  Gil  [zheel  ve-seng'-ta],  Portuguese 
dramatist,  XVI.  339. 

Vicentia,  ancient  city,  XATI.  340,  1  ab,  c. 
AAcenza  [ve-chen'-dza],  province  of  Italy,  XA7I. 

340.  Capital  city,  1  ab. 

AAcenza,  Duke  of :  see  Caulaincourt. 

Vicetia  :  see  Vicentia  (Index). 

AVcnY  [ve-she],  town  of  France,  XVI.  340. 

A7ichy  water,  XI.  594,  1  a. 

Vicia  (botany),  XA7I.331, 1  a.  V.  sativa,  ib.  (ill.). 
Vick,  Henry,  clock  of,  IV.  696,  1  c  (ill.). 
A7icksburg,  city  of  Mississippi,  X\TI.  340. 

Military  operations  against,  341,  1  a. 

Arico,  Francesco  de  [ve'-ko],  Italian  astronomer, 
XVI.  342. 

AAco,  Giovanni  Battista,  Italian  author,  XAM. 

342.  See  Pnn.osopnY,  XIII.  444,  2  a. 

Vicq  d’Azyr,  Felix  [veek  da-zeer],  French 
physician,  XVI.  842. 


VICTOR 


VILLA 


777 


Victor,  Claude,  duke  of  Belluno,  French  sol¬ 
dier,  XVI.  342. 

Victor ,  Saint  (Richard  of  St.  Victor,  a  Scot¬ 
tish  monk  in  the  monastery  of  St.  Victor, 
Paris,  died  1173) :  see  Moral  Philosophy, 
XI.  810,  2  c. 

Victor  Amadeus  II.,  duke  of  Savoy  and  king 
of  Sardinia,  XVI.  343. 

Victor  Emanuel  I.,  king  of  Sardinia,  XVI.  343. 
Victor  Emanuel  II.,  king  of  Italy,  XVI.  343; 

IX.  452,  1  be.  (Died  1878.) 

Victoria,  colony  of  Australia,  XVI.  344. 
Victoria,  county  of  Texas,  XVI.  346. 
Victoria,  three  counties  in  Canada,  XVI.  346. 
Victoria ,  county  seat,  XVI.  346,  1  c. 

V ic'toria,  capital  of  British  Columbia,  XVI.  346. 
Victoria  :  see  Hong  Kong,  VIII.  797,  2  b. 
Victoria  (Victoria  Alexandrina),  queen  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  empress  of 
India,  XVI.  346.  Encouragement  of  Eng¬ 
lish  lace  manufacture,  X.  79,  1  c. 

Victoria ,  “  Mother  of  Legions see  Bagaud^e. 
Victoria  embankment ,  London,  X.  592,  1  c. 
Victoria  Falls  :  see  Zambesi,  and  1. 166, 1  ab. 
Victoria  Land ,  Antarctic  ocean,  I.  543,  2  b ; 

Arctic,  672,  2  c.  (See  maps.) 

Victorian  Gothic ,  in  architecture,  I.  666,  1  c. 
Victoria  Nile,  river  of  Africa,  XII.  547,  2  c. 
Victoria  H’yanza  :  see  H’yanza  ;  Africa, 
I.  167,  1  b ;  and  Kile,  XII.  447,  1  b. 

Victoria  park,  London,  X.  597,  1  c ;  XIII. 

101,  2  c  (map),  103,  2  ab. 

Victoria  Regia:  see  Water  Lily,  XVI.  504, 

1  c  (ill.)*  Leaves  of,  2  a;  X.  266,  2  be. 
Structure  of  stems,  &c.,  I.  217,  2  c. 

Victor- Perrin  [-pa-rang] :  see  Victor,  Claude. 
Vicuna  [ve-koo'-nya] :  see  Llama,  X.  553, 1  a, 

2  b. 

ViQvdmitra  [vis-va'-me-tra],  Hindoo  king,  IX. 
225,  2  a. 

Vida,  Marco  Girolamo  [ve'-da],  Italian  poet, 
XVI.  348. 

Vidalia,  county  seat,  V.  208,  1  b. 

Vidarr,  Scandinavian  deity,  XII.  120,  1  a. 
Vidian  nerve,  XVI.  348,  1  be. 

Vidius,  Vidus,  Italian  physician,  XVI.  348. 
Vidocq,  Eugene  Frangois  [ve-duk],  French  de¬ 
tective,  XVI.  348. 

Vidua  (ornithology),  XVI.  522,  2  ab.  V. 
paradisea,  2  b. 

Vieillot  [vya-yo],  classification  of  birds  by, 
XII.  705,  2  b. 

Vieira,  or  Vieyra,  Antonio  [ve-a'-e-ra],  (1608- 
’97),  Portuguese  Jesuit  and  missionary  (also 


court  preacher  and  diplomatist,  and  a  cele¬ 
brated  author  in  prose  and  verse),  XIII.  743, 
2c;  II.  267,  2  b. 

Viel-Castel,  Horace  de, 'count  [vy&l-kas-tel], 
French  author,  XVI.  348.  Louis  de,  baron, 
historian,  2  be. 

Vien,  Joseph  Marie  [vyang],  French  painter, 
XVI.  348. 

Vienna  [ve-en'-na],  capital  of  Austria-Hun¬ 
gary,  XVI.  349.  Description,  1  b.  Hew 
opera  house,  2  c  (ill.).  Squares,  350,  1  b. 
Churches,  &c.,  1  c;  St.  Stephen’s  cathedral, 
2  a  (ill.).  Art  treasures,  2  c.  Libraries, 
351,  1  b.  Education,  ib. ;  university,  ib. 
Parks,  &c.,  2  a.  History,  352,  1  ab.  Con¬ 
gress  of,  2  a ;  XI.  397, 1  be.  Treaty  of  (1809), 
referred  to,  XVI.  464,  2  c. 

Vienna,  ancient  City:  see  Vienne',  town. 

Vienna,  county  seats,  VI.  213, 1  b ;  IX.  657, 1  a ; 
X.  487,  2  b;  XI.  165,  1  ab. 

Vienna  caustic,  X.  480,  1  a. 

Vienne  [vyen],  department  of  France,  XVI.  353. 

Vienne,  town  of  France,  XVI.  353. 

Vienne,  Haute:  see  Haute- Vienne. 

Viersen  [feer'-zen],  town  of  Prussia,  XVI.  353. 

Vieta,  Frangois  [vya-ta],  French  mathema¬ 
tician,  XVI.  353  ;  I.  302,  1  ab  ;  VII.  701,  2  a. 

Viete  [vyait] :  see  Vieta. 

Vieussens,  Raymond  [vyuh-sangce],  French 
physician,  XVI.  353.  “Valve  of  Vieus¬ 
sens,”  1  c;  III.  190,  1  c. 

Vieuxtemps,  Henri  [vyuh-tang],  Belgian  violin¬ 
ist,  XVI.  353. 

Vieyra,  Antonio :  see  Vieira  (Index). 

V igilius,  pope,  XVI.  353. 

Vigne,  Pietro  delle  [ve'-nya] :  see  Vineis. 

Vignola,  Giacomo  Barozzio  da  [da  ve'-nyo-la], 
Italian  architect,  XVI.  353. 

Vigny,  Alfred  Victor  de,  count  [dtih  ve-nye], 
French  poet,  XVI.  353. 

Vi'go,  county,  XVI.  354. 

Vigo  [ve'-go],  town  of  Spain,  XVI.  354. 

Vigors,  classification  of  birds  by,  XII.  706,  1  c. 

Viking,  Scandinavian  sea  rover,  VIII.  506,  2  a. 

Vikramaditya  [ve-kra-ma'-dit-ya],  Hindoo 
king,  IX.  735,  2  c ;  736, 1  a. 

Vilayet  [ve-la-yet'],  Turkish  administrative 
division,  XVI.  354. 

Vilfa  vagineeflora  (botany),  XIV.  374,  1  a. 

Vili  [ve'-le],  in  Horse  mythology,  XII.  119,  2  b. 

Villa :  see  Borough,  III.  107,  1  ab. 

Villa  del  Fuerte  [ve'-lya  del  fwair'-ta] :  see 
Fuerte. 

Villa  Eugenie ,  Biarritz,  II.  607,  2  a  (ill.). 


778 


VILLA 


VIOLA 


Villa  Faustina ,  Roman,  III.  480,  2  c. 

V illafeanca,  town  of  Italy,  XVI.  854.  Treaty 
of,  2  b ;  IX.  453,  1  a;  III.  51,  1  be. 

Village :  see  Boeough,  III.  107,  1  ab ;  Town, 
XV.  828,  1  c. 

Villani,  Giovanni  [veel-la'-ne],  Italian  histo¬ 
rian,  XVI.  354. 

Villa  Beal  [ve'-lya  ra-al'] :  see  San  Ceistobal, 
XIV.  596,  1  c. 

Villarica  [veel-la-re'-ka] :  see  Oueo  Peeto. 

Villa  Bica  de  Vera  Cruz  [ve'-lya] :  see  Veea 
Ceuz,  XVI.  306,  2  c. 

Villaes,  Claude  Louis  Hector  de,  duke  [ve-lar], 
French  soldier,  XVI.  355 ;  III.  657,  2  be. 

Villegagnon ,  Vice  Admiral  [veel-ga-nyong], 
(Xicolas  Durand,  chevalier  de,  1510— ’71), 
referred  to,  III.  231, 1  c-2  a.  (Colony  broken 
up  through  a  dispute  about  the  eucharist.) 

Villegas,  Esteban  Manuel  de  [ve-lya'-gass], 
Spanish  poet,  XVI.  355. 

Villein:  see  Seef,  XIV.  774,  1  c,  775,  2  b; 
Magna  Chaeta,  X.  850,  1  a;  Feudal  Sys¬ 
tem,  VII.  162,  1  ab. 

Villele,  Jean  Baptiste  S6rapliin  Joseph  de, 
count  [ve-lail],  French  statesman,  XVI.  355. 

Villemain,  Abel  Francois  [veel-mang],  French 
author,  XVI.  356. 

Ville  Marie  [veel  ma-re], (Montreal), XI.  796, 1  b. 

Villemessant,  Jean  Hippolyte  de  [veel-ma- 
s4ng],  French  journalist,  XVI.  356. 

Villees,  Charles  Francois  Dominique  de  [ve- 
ya],  French  philosopher,  XVI.  356. 

Villi,  of  the  mesentery,  I.  318,  2  a  (ill.). 

Villiees,  George  [vil'-yerz] :  see  Buckingham, 
Earls  and  Dukes  of. 

V illoison,  Jean  Baptiste  Gaspard  d’Ansse  de 
[ve-lwa-zong],  French  philologist,  XVI.  356. 

Vilna :  see  Wilna. 

Viminal  hill ,  Rome,  XIV.  409,  1  ab ;  410,  2  a. 

Vina  [ve'-na],  Hindoo  musical  instrument,  XII. 
86,  2  b ;  87,  1  a. 

Vinago  :  see  Pigeon,  XIII.  506,  1  a. 

Vinaigrette  [ve-na-gret],  (wheelbarrow  chair), 
invention  of,  XIII.  145,  1  a. 

Vinca  (botany),  XIII.  304,  1  c.  V.  minor,  2  b 
(ill.);  major,  id. ;  herbacea,  305,  1  a;  rosea, 

1  b  (ill.,  304). 

Vincennes  [vin-senz'],  city  of  Indiana,  XVI.  357. 

Vincennes  [va"g-sen],  town  of  France,  XVI. 
357.  Wood  of,  XIII.  101,  1  b. 

Vincennes,  Jean  Baptiste  Bissot,  sieur  de, 
American  soldier,  XVI.  357. 

Vincent,  William,  English  scholar,  XVI.  357, 

Vincent  de  Paul  :  see  Paul,  Vincent  de. 


Vincetoxicum  nigrum  (botany),  XL  546,  2  ab. 
Vinci,  Leonardo  da  [da  vin'-che],  Italian  paint¬ 
er,  XVI.  358.  His  almost  universal  genius, 
1  c.  See  Geology,  VII.  687,  2  be.  Sup¬ 
posed  inventor  of  canal  locks,  III.  683,  2  c. 
Vincum :  see  Bingen. 

V indelicia,  Roman  province,  XVI.  358. 
Vindhya  Mountains  [vind'-ya],  XVI.  358. 
Vindicta :  see  Manumission. 

Vindobona  :  see  Vienna. 

Vindocinum :  see  Vendome,  town. 

Vindonissa,  ancient  city,  III.  354,  2  c. 

Vinds:  see  Winds.  Language,  XIV.  783,  1  b. 
Vine  :  see  Geape. 

Vine  of  the  cross ,  a  tree,  specific  for  stanching 
effusion  of  blood,  V.  86,  2  ab. 

Vineam  Domini ,  papal  bull,  IV.  663,  1  c. 

Vine  black ,  X.  132,  1  be. 

Vinegae,  XVI.  359.  Adulteration  of,  2  b;  I. 

134,  1  ab.  Scented,  XIII.  290,  1  b. 

“ Vinegar  of  the  four  thieves ,”  XIV.  464,  1  c. 
Vinegar  Hill,  battle  of  VI.  656,  2  b. 

Vinegae  Plant,  XVI.  359;  VII.  532,  2  a. 
Vin'eis,  Petrus  de,  Italian  jurist,  XVI.  360. 
Vineland,  village  of  Hew  Jersey,  XVI.  360. 
Vinee,  Charles,  English  lawyer,  XVI.  360. 
Vinet,  Alexandre  Rodolphe  [ve-na],  Swiss  au¬ 
thor,  XVI.  360. 

Vingolf  in  northern  mythology,  XII.  120,  1  b. 
Vinland:  see  Hoetiimen,  XII.  498,  1  b;  I. 
667,  2  b. 

Vino  de  color  [ve'-no  da  ko-lore'],  boiled  must, 

XV.  224,  1  be. 

Vinom'eter,  IX.  125,  1  b  (Hydeometee). 

Vino  mezeal  [ve'-no  mess-kal'],  a  distilled  spirit, 
I.  180,  1  c. 

Vino  secco,  sack,  referred  to,  XV.  225,  1  c. 
Vinos  de  pasto  [ve'-noce  da  pas'-to],  table 
wines,  XV.  224,  1  ab. 

Vins  fermes,  du  midi,  de  remede  [vang  fairm, 
du  me-de,  diih  rub-maid],  VII.  411,  2  be,  c. 
Vinton,  county,  XVI.  360. 

Vinton ,  county  seat,  II.  542,  1  be. 

Vinton,  Alexander  Hamilton,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  361.  Francis,  clergyman,  1  b. 
Vinton,  Justus  Hatch,  American  missionarv, 

XVI.  361. 

Viol:  see  Violin,  XVI.  364,  1  c.  Viol  da 
gamba,  2  a ;  bastarda,  366,  2  c ;  d’amour,  ib. 
Viola  [ve-o'-la],  musical  instrument,  XVI.  361 ; 

366,  1  ab.  Viola  de  bardone,  367,  1  a. 

Vi'ola  (botany),  XVI.  361,  2  ab.  V.  pedata, 

362,  1  b  (ill);  tricolor,  2  b  (ill);  odorata, 

363,  1  c  (ill.) ;  and  other  species. 


YIOLE 


VISALIA 


779 


Viole  [ve-ul],  favorite  of  Du  Bellay,  II.  503,  1  c. 
Violet,  XVI.  361.  Stemless  violets,  362,  1  a; 
birdVfoot  violet,  1  b  (ill.).  Leafy-stemmed 
violets,  1  c.  Pansy,  2  b  (ill.).  Sweet  violet, 
863,  1  c  (ill.). 

Violet  shell ,  mollusk,  XI.  T23,  1  b. 

Violet  wood ,  XIV.  441,  1  ab. 

Violin,  XVI.  363;  XIT.  74,  2  c.  Celebrated 
makers,  XVI.  364,  2  a,  tf.  Origin  of  the 
bow,  366,  2  ab.  Other  instruments  of  the 
violin  family,  1  ab,  2  c.  Great  players,  367, 

1  a.  Kaiser  violin,  VII.  666, 1  ab.  See  Amati, 
Gemunder^Guaeneei,Salo,  Steadivaei,  and 

V UILLAUME. 

Violine  [vi'-o-lin],  emetic  principle,  XVI.  363, 

2  a. 

Viollet-le-Duo,  Eugene  Emmanuel  [vyul-la- 
luh-duk],  French  architect,  XVI.  367. 
Violoncello  [ve-o-lon-chel'-lo],  musical  instru¬ 
ment,  XVI.  367 ;  366,  1  ab. 

Violone  [ve-o-lo'-na],  XVI.  366,  1  b. 

Viotti,  Giovanni  Battista  [vyot'-te],  Italian 
violinist,  XVI.  367. 

Viper,  XVI.  367.  Common  European,  2  c 
(ill.,  368)  ;  horned,  368, 1  c ;  short-tailed,  2  ab. 
Vip'era  aspis  (zoology),  II.  18, 1  c ;  berus,  XVI. 

367,  2  c  (ill.,  368)  ;  arietans,  368,  2  f>b. 
Viper'idce  (zoology),  XVI.  367,  2  c. 

Viraj  [ve-raj'],  Hindoo  deity,  VI.  522,  2  a. 
Virchow,  Rudolf  [feer'-kho],  German  physi¬ 
ologist,  XVI.  368.  His  theory  of  inflamma¬ 
tion,  IX.  276,  2  c. 

Vir'eo,  genus  of  birds,  XVI.  369.  V.  olivaceus 
(red-eyed  vireo),  2  a  (ill.)  ;  barbatulus  (Whip- 
Tom-Ivelly),  2  b ;  Noveboracensis  (white¬ 
eyed),  2  be ;  solitarius,  2  c. 

Vireolanius  (ornithology),  XVI.  369,  1  b. 
Vireosylvia  (ornithology),  XVI.  369, 1  b,  2  ab. 
Vieey,  Julien  Joseph  [ve-ra],  French  physician, 
XVI.  369.  His  classification  of  the  human 
race,  VI.  754,  1  c. 

Virgil  (Publius  Virgilius  Maro),  Roman  poet, 
XVI.  370.  Palimpsest  of  his  poems,  XI. 
132,  2  b. 

V irgilia,  genus  of  trees,  XVI.  371.  Yellow- 
wood,  1  b  (ill.). 

Virgilius  Evangelizans ,  IV.  204,  2  a  (Cento). 
Virginal,  musical  instrument,  XVI.  371;  XIII. 
488,  1  ab. 

Virginal  booh ,  Queen  Elizabeth’s,  II.  649, 1  ab. 
Virgin  city  (Bayonne),  II.  410,  1  a. 

“  Virgin  fort ,  the  :  ”  see  Widin. 

Virginia,  state,  XVI.  371.  State  seal  (ill.), 
372.  Population,  1  ab.  Topography,  2  c. 


Rivers,  373,  2  c.  Geology,  374,  1  b.  Min¬ 
eral  springs,  2  ab.  Minerals,  2  b.  Natural 
curiosities,  375,  1  c.  Climate,  2  a.  Soil, 
2  c.  Flora,  376, 1  a.  Agriculture,  1  b.  Fish- 
eries,  2  b.  Manufactures,  2  c.  Commerce, 

377. 1  be.  Intercommunication,  2  c.  Banks, 
378,  1  b.  Government,  ib.  Finances,  379, 
1  ab.  Public  institutions,  2  a ;  eastern  luna¬ 
tic  asylum,  2  b,  642,  1  a.  Education,  380, 
1  a.  Libraries,  newspapers,  &c.,  381,  1  c. 
Religious  organizations,  2  a. — History,  2  b. 
Early  extent  of  the  name,  ib.,  150,  1  c: 
see  Amidas.  Colonization  of,  150,  2  a, 
381,  2  be :  see  Sandys,  and  Smith,  John. 
Resistance  of  the  house  of  burgesses  to  Eng¬ 
lish  encroachment,  XVI.  383,  1  b  ;  VIII. 
662,  2  be,  663,  1  c,  2  b,  c.  Revolution,  664, 
1  c,  If. ;  XVI.  383,  1  c,  ff.  Secession,  2  c. 

Virginia ,  army  of,  XIII.  711,  1  a. 

Virginia,  story  of :  see  Claudius  Ceassus. 
Virginia,  the,  iron-clad  ram,  IX.  381,  1  a. 
Virginia,  University  of,  XVI.  385  (ill.,  386). 
Virginia  City,  Nevada,  XVI.  387. 

Virginia  City,  Montana,  XVI.  387. 

Virginia  Creeper,  XVI.  387  (ills.,  388);  IX. 
477,  2  b. 

Virginia  military  institute,  X.  389,  2  c ;  XI. 

538,  1  c  ;  XVI.  380,  2  be. 

Virginian  blade  sand ,  II.  742,  2  c. 

“  Virginian  controversy ,”  XIV.  792,  2  a. 
Virginia  nightingale :  see  Cardinal  Bird,  III. 
781,  1  a. 

Virginian  silfc :  see  Milkweed,  XI.  546,  1  a. 
Virginia  plan ,  for  federal  constitution,  VIII. 

417. 1  c. 

Virginia  potato :  see  Artichoke,  I.  782,  1  c. 
Virginia  rebel,  the:  see  Bacon,  Nathaniel. 
Virginia  swallowwort:  see  Milkweed,  XI.  546, 

1  a. 

Virgin  Islands,  West  Indies,  XVI.  388. 
Virginius  affair :  see  Santiago  de  Cuba,  XIV. 

621,  2  c ;  United  States,  XVI.  188,  1  a. 
Virgin’s  Bower:  see  Clematis,  IV.  659,  2  b 
(ill.). 

Virgin's  fountain ,  Jerusalem,  IX.  618,  2  ab. 

V iriathus  [ve-ri'-a-thus],  Lusitanian  warrior, 
XVI.  388 ;  X.  725,  1  c. 

Viriconium :  see  Weoxetee. 

Virility,  period  of,  I.  181,  1  a. 

Virlc  [veerk],  a  people  in  Russian  Georgia, 
VII.  727,  1  c. 

Viroqua,  county  seat,  XVI.  321,  1  c. 

Virus  :  see  Venom,  XVI.  300,  2  c. 

Visalia ,  county  seat,  XVI.  26,  1  b. 


780 


YISCACHA 


YOGHT 


Yiscaciia  [vees-ka'-cha] :  see  Lagostomus,  X. 

104,  2  ab ;  Lagotis,  105,  1  a. 

Viscon'ti,  family  of  rulers  of  Milan,  XYI.  389  ; 

X.  588,  2  c. 

Visconti,  Ennio  Quirino,  Italian  arch  geologist, 
XYI.  389.  Louis  Tullius  Joachim,  French 
architect,  390,  1  a. 

Visconti ,  Madame ,  II.  583,  2  c. 

Visconti ,  Tebaldo  (Pope  Gregory  X.),  YIII. 
244,  2  c. 

Viscosity ,  in  solids  or  fluids,  YI.  488,  1  be. 
Yiscount  [vi'-kownt],  in  the  British  peerage, 
XYI.  390. 

Yiscum  (botany):  see  Mistletoe,  XI.  675,  1  c. 

Y.  album,  ib.  (ill.). 

Vishegrad ,  Bosnian  fortress,  III.  112,  1  ab. 
Yishnu:  see  India,  Religions  and  Religious 
Literature  of,  IX.  223,  2  c ;  228,  1  c,  2  be,  c. 
Avatars  of,  229,  2  ab :  see  Avatar.  Tem¬ 
ple  of :  see  Bhadrinatii. 

Vishnu-Sarma ,  Hindoo  writer,  II.  627,  2  a. 
Yisigotiis:  see  Goths,  and  Spain,  XY.  210, 
2  ab. 

Visio  Isaiai ,  in  the  canon  of  the  Catharists,  IY. 
116,  2  b. 

Yision,  XYI.  390.  Conditions  of,  1  be.  Pro¬ 
vision  for  varying  intensity  of  light,  391, 1  ab. 
Field  of  vision,  1  c.  Line  of  vision,  2  b. 
Simultaneous  action  of  both  eyes,  advan¬ 
tages  of,  392,  1  a.  Adaptation  of  the  eye 
to  varying  distances,  1  c.  Persistence  of 
visual  impressions,  393,  1  a.  See  IX.  807, 
2  a;  XYI.  92,  1  a;  II.  559,  2  c. 

Visitation ,  order  of  the :  see  Chantal. 

Vis  medicatrix  naturae ,  IX.  274,  2  be. 

Vispered ,  in  the  Zend-Avesta,  XYI.  810,  2  be. 
Yis'tttla,  river  of  Europe,  XYI.  393. 

Vistula  country  :  see  Poland,  XIII.  643,  1  be. 
Visual  angle ,  XII.  654,  2  c  (ill.,  655). 

Visurgis :  see  Weser. 

Vital  air :  see  Oxygen,  XII.  770,  2  c. 

Vital  forces:  see  Carpenter,  W.  B.,  IY.  18,  2  c. 
Vitandus,  penalty  of  excommunication,  YII. 
24,  2  b. 

Vitch,  Russian  adjunct,  meaning  of,  XII.127,  2  c. 
Vite,  Giovanni  della  [ve'-ta] :  see  Miel. 
Vitebsk  [ve-tepsk'J,  government  of  Russia, 
XVI.  393.  Capital,  2  be. 

V itellius,  Aulus,  Roman  emperor,  XYI.  393. 
Vitellus  :  see  Egg,  YI.  450,  2  c ;  Embryology, 
561,  2  a. 

Viterbo  [ve-tair'-bo],  town  of  Italy,  XYI.  394. 
Vitiges  [vit'-e-jeez],  king  of  the  Goths,  referred 
to,  II.  494,  2  b. 


Viti  islands  [ve-te'J :  see  Feejee. 

Vitis  (botany),  YIII.  162,  2  b.  Y.  vinifera, 
163,  1  a  (ill.);  labrusca,  asstivalis,  cordifolia, 
and  vulpina,  2  ab. 

Vitop'olis,  ancient  city,  YII.  246,  1  b,  2  a. 

Vitoria  [ve-to'-re-a],  town  of  Spain,  XYI. 
394.  Battle  of,  1  be  ;  549,  2  c. 

Vitoria ,  duke  de  la  :  see  Espartero. 

Vitreous  humor :  see  Eye,  YII.  46,  2  a. 

Vitriol,  Blue:  see  Copper,  Y.  319,  1  a. 

Vitriol,  Oil  of:  see  Sulphuric  Acid,  and  IX. 
107,  2  a. 

I  atrium  obsidianum ,  III.  651,  2  a. 

Vitro  di  trino  [ve'-tro  de  tre'-no],  glass,  YIII. 
23,  2  c. 

Vitruvius  Pollio,  Marcus,  Roman  architect, 
XYI.  394. 

Viu  [ve-oo'J,  Feejeean  plant,  YII.  110,  2  a. 

Vivent  les  gueux  [veev  la  guh],  war  cry  of  the 
Dutch  uprising,  III.  243,  1  b. 

Viverra  civetta  (zoology),  IY.  617,  1  a  (ill.). 
Y.  zibetta,  2  b ;  rasse,  ib. ;  genetta,  YII. 
668,  1  a. 

Yives,  Juan  Luis  [ve'-vace],  Spanish  scholar, 
XYI.  394. 

Viviani,  Vincenzo  [ve-vya'-ne],  Italian  mathe¬ 
matician,  XYI.  394. 

Vivisection,  XYI.  394.  Discussion  of  its  im¬ 
portance,  396,  1  a. 

Yizagapatam',  district  of  British  India,  XYI. 
396.  Capital,  1  c. 

Viziadroog' :  see  Gheriah. 

Vizier,  Vizir,  or  Vesir  [viz'-yer,  ve-zeeP],  Ot¬ 
toman  title,  XYI.  396 ;  59,  2  a.  Grand  vizier 
of  Persia,  XIII.  321,  1  c. 

Vlaardingen  [flar'-ding-en],  town  of  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  XYI.  396. 

Vladikavkar,  pass  of,  IY.  133,  1  c. 

Vladimir  [vlad'-e-mer],  government  of  Russia, 
XVI.  396.  Capital  city,  397,  1  a. 

Vladimir  the  Great  :  see  Russia,  XIY.  489, 
1  c. 

Vlaenderen  [flan'-der-en] :  see  Flanders. 

Yliessingen,  or  Ylissingen  [flees'-ing-en] :  see 
Flushing. 

Voahena,  tree  of  Madagascar,  X.  810,  1  c. 

Vocal  chords,  XYI.  397,  2  c  ;  398,  1  be. 

Yode'na:  see  Edessa,  YI.  402,  1  b. 

Vogel,  Eduard  [fo'-ghel],  German  traveller, 
XYI.  397;  II.  345,  1  b. 

Vogelsgebirge  [fo'-ghelce-geh-beer-geh],  moun¬ 
tain  range,  YIII.  706,  1  a. 

Vogesen  [fo'-geh-zen],  mountains:  see  Vosges. 

Voght,  Karl,  extradition  case  of,  YII.  44, 1  b. 


VOGT 


VORSTIUS 


781 


Vogt,  Karl  [fokht],  German  naturalist,  XVI.  397. 
On  mollusca,  XI.  51, 1  c.  His  classification  of 
amphibians  and  reptiles,  VIII.  694,  2  a ;  of 
fishes,  IX.  161,2  a;  of  mammals,  XI.  81, 1  h. 

Vogue,  Charles  Jean  Melchior  de,  count  [vo- 
gu-a],  French  archaeologist,  XVI.  397. 

Voguls ,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  207,  1  b. 

Voice,  XVI.  397.  Condition  of  its  formation, 
398,  1  a.  IIow  produced,  1  c.  Recurrent 
laryngeal  nerves,  2  c.  Weakening  or  loss 
of  voice  from  various  causes,  ib .,  ff. — Char¬ 
acter  of  the  human  voice,  XII.  75,  2  a. 

Voigtlcind  [foikht'-lant],  (anciently  a  very  ex¬ 
tensive  lordship,  ruled  by  the  ancestors  of 
the  princes  of  Reuss  with  the  title  of  voigt), 
referred  to,  XIV.  658, 1  a. 

Voiture,  Vincent  [vwa-tur],  French  poet, 
XVI.  399. 

Voivodina  [voi-vo-de'-na],  II.  264,  2  a. 

Volaterrce :  see  V olteeka. 

Volatile  elements ,  of  plants,  XIII.  581,  2  b. 

Volatile  Oils:  see  Essential  Oils. 

Volcan  de  Ansango  [vole-kan'  da  an-sang'-go], 
lava  stream,  I.  571,  1  a. 

Volcanic  tufa ,  XVI.  400,  2  ab,  c. 

Volcano,  XVI.  399.  Localities  and  directions 
of  volcanic  vents,  2  a  ;  number  of,  2  c ;  linear 
arrangement,  ib.  Circumstances  in  which 
they  differ,  400,  1  a.  Explanation  of  the 
phenomena,  1  be.  Gaseous  products  of, 
2  c.  Agencies,  401,  1  a.  Nature  of  ma¬ 
terials  ejected,  1  ab ;  identity  of  in  all  geo¬ 
logic  periods,  2  b.  Hypotheses  of  their  ori¬ 
gin,  402,  1  ab.  See  IX.  70, 1  ab. 

Vole,  meadow  mouse,  XI.  312,  1  a. 

Volet ,  fitienne  [vuh-la],  executed  as  a  heretic, 
IV.  132,  2  b. 

Volga,  river  of  Russia,  XVI.  403. 

Volga' ic  branch  of  the  Fimis,  VII.  206,  2  c. 

Volhynia,  government  of  Russia,  XVI.  403. 

Volkmann,  Alfred  Wilhelm  [folk'-man],  Ger¬ 
man  physiologist,  XVI.  403. 

VolJconsJci  (Prince  Peter,  1776-1852,  general, 
constant  companion  of  Alexander  I.  and 
minister  of  the  imperial  household  under 
Nicholas),  referred  to,  I.  283,  2  a. 

Volkslieder  [folks'-le-der],  German  popular 
songs,  VII.  764,  2  c. 

VoVksrad  [folks'-rad],  legislative  assembly  of 
the  Boers,  II.  776,  2  c ;  777,  1  be. 

Volney,  Constantin  Francois  Chasseboeuf, 
count  de  [vul-na],  French  author,  XVI.  403. 

Vol'ogda,  government  of  Russia,  XVI.  404. 
Capital  eity,  1  b. 


Vologe'ses  Parthian  king,  referred  to,  I.  237, 

1  be.  Vologeses  III.,  XIII.  136,  2  ab. 
Volsci,  people  of  Italy,  XVI.  404  ;  IX.  439, 2  a. 
Volsinii:  see  Bolsena. - 
Volta,  Alessandro,  Italian  physicist,  XVI.  404. 
See  Animal  Electricity,  I.  518,  2  a-c ;  Gal¬ 
vanism,  VII.  586,  1  a. 

Volta'ic  batteries ,  VII.  588,  1  c,  ff.  (ills.). 
Voltaic  current ,  VII.  587,  1  c. 

Voltaic  electricity  :  see  Galvanism. 

Voltaic  light ,  referred  to,  III.  770,  2  b.  See 
Electric  Light. 

Voltaic  pile,  VII.  588,  2  a  (ill.).  Discovery 
of,  I.  518,  2  c. 

Voltaic  resistance  measurer,  XIV.  114, 1  c  (ill.). 
Voltaire,  Frangois  Marie  Arouet  de  [vul-tair], 
French  author,  XVI.  404.  Imprisonment 
of  La  Beaumelle  at  his  instigation,  II.  430, 
1  a.  Interference  in  favor  of  the  Calas  fam¬ 
ily,  III.  566,  2  b.  His  visit  to  Congreve,  V. 
247,  2  a.  Inscription  on  the  church  built 
by  him  at  Ferney,  VII.  149,  1  c.  His  criti¬ 
cism  of  Dante,  V.  673,  1  b. 

Voltaire  of  Poland,  so  surnamed,  X.  54,  1  c. 
Voltam'eter ,  Faraday’s,  VII.  84,  1  c ;  596,  2  c 
(ill.,  597).  Differential,  XIV.  114,  1  b  (ill.). 
Volterra,  town  of  Tuscany,  XVI.  407. 
Volteera,  Daniele  da,  Italian  painter,  XVL 

407.  See  Palmaroli. 

Volturno  [vol-toor'-no],  river  of  Italy,  XVI. 

408. 

Volundr ,  Norse  hero,  II.  562,  1  c. 

Volunteer,  XVI.  408. 

Volusia,  county,  XVI.  408. 

Volutes’,  in  the  Ionic  order,  I.  657,  2  a. 

Vomer ,  partition  of  the  nostrils,  XII.  515,  2  c. 
Vomer  (ichthyology),  VI.  219,  2  c.  V.  Brownii, 
220,  1  a. 

Vom'iccc ,  of  the  lungs,  V.  282,  2  c. 

Vomiting,  XVL  408. 

Von  Bibra,  on  the  bromine  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  III.  307,  2  c.  See  Bibra,  Ernst  von. 
Vondel,  Joost  van  den,  Dutch  poet,  XVL  408. 
Von  Passeyr  [fon  pas'-sire] :  see  IIofee,  VIII. 
754,  1  be. 

V orarlbeeg  [for-arl'-bairg],  district  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  XVL  408. 

Voronezh',  government  of  Russia,  XVL  409. 
Capital  city,  1  b. 

Voeontzoff',  Mikhail,  count,  Russian  states¬ 
man,  XVL  409.  Mikhail,  soldier,  2  a. 
Vorosmarty,  Mihaly  [vo'-rosh-mar-te],  Hun¬ 
garian  poet,  XVL  409. 

Vorstius, Conrad, German  theologian, XVI.409. 


782 


VORTIGERN 


WAFER 


Vortigern  [vor'-te-ghern],  British  king,  YIII. 
636,  1  be. 

Vortumnalia ,  Roman  festival,  XVI.  326,  1  c. 
Vortumnus :  see  Vertumnus. 

Vos,  Martin  de,  Flemish  painter,  XVI.  410. 
Vosges  [voazh],  mountains,  XVI.  410. 

Vosges,  department  of  France,  XVI.  410. 
Voss:  see  Vossius. 

Voss,  J ohann  Heinrich  [fuss],  German  scholar, 
XVI.  410. 

Vossius,  Gerard  Johannes,  Dutch  philologist, 
XVI.  411.  Isaac,  author,  1  be. 

Votiaks,  Finnish  tribe,  VII.  206,  2  c. 

Vouet,  Simon  [vwa],  French  painter,  XVI. 
411. 

Voulge  [voolj] :  see  Bill,  II.  639,  1  c. 

Voussoir  [voo-swar'J,  of  an  arch,  I.  641,  2  b. 
Vries  island :  see  OsniMA. 

Vriesland:  see  Friesland. 

Vritra  [vre'-tra],  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX. 
224,  1  a. 

V uillaume,  Jean  Baptiste  [vii-e-yome],  French 
violin  maker,  XVI.  411. 

Vul,  Assyrian  divinity,  XIII.  380,  2  c. 

Vulcan,  god  of  fire,  XVI.  411.  Sons  of:  see 
Cabiri,  III.  526,  1  c. 

Vulcanice  insulce:  see  Lipari. 


T  ulcanists  and  Neptunists,  in  geology,  VII. 
689,  1  b. 

Vulcanization ,  of  caoutchouc,  III.  737,  2  be; 
of  gutta  percha,  VIII.  344,  2  b. 

Vulcanized  rubier ,  III.  736,  1  c,  ff. ;  VIII. 
103,  1  c. 

Vulcano  [vool-ka'-no],  island,  III.  96,  1  c. 

Vulgate:  see  Bible,  II.  613,  2  a.  Papal  edi¬ 
tion  of,  2  be.  First  printed,  614, 1  b ;  XIII. 
846,  2  a. 

Vul'pes  (zoology),  VII.  358,  1  a.  V.  fulvus, 
2  a  (ill.) ;  vulgaris,  2  c  (ill.,  359)  ;  macrourus, 
359,  1  b ;  velox,  1  c ;  lagopus,  2  a  (ill.),  537, 
2  be;  Virginianus,  359,  2  a;  littoralis,  &c., 
2  c;  Zaarensis,  130,  2  c. 

Vulpius,  Christian  August  [fool'-pe-oos],  Ger¬ 
man  author,  XVI.  412.  Johanna  Christiane 
Sophia,  wife  of  Goethe,  1  b. 

Vultur  (ornithology),  XVI.  412,  2  b. 

Vulture,  bird  of  prey,  XVI.  412.  Griffon,  or 
tawny  vulture,  413,  1  a  (ill.).  Egyptian 
(Pharaoh’s  chicken),  ib.  Black  vulture,  or 
carrion  crow,  2  b  (ill.).  California  vulture, 
2  ab  (ill.) ;  III.  606,  2  b. 

Vulture ,  bearded :  see  Lammergeyer. 

Vulturi'nce  (ornithology),  XVI.  412,  1  c,  2  b. 
Vulturnus:  see  Volturno. 


w 


W,  a  letter,  XVI.  413.  Its  sounds,  1  c;  origi¬ 
nally  guttural,  414,  1  ab.  Interchanges,  ib. 
Initial  wh  in  English,  1  b. 

Waadt,  Waadtland  [vat'-lant] :  see  Vaud. 
Waagen,  Gustav  Friedrich  [va'-ghen],  Ger¬ 
man  writer,  XVI.  414. 

Waal  [val],  river :  see  Rhine,  XIV.  287,  2  ab. 
Waal-bogt  (Wallabout),  III.  326,  1  c. 

Wabash  [waw'-bash],  two  counties,  XVI.  414. 
Wabash,  county  seat,  XVI.  414,  2  a. 

Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  IX.  235,  1  c. 
Wabashaw  [waw'-ba-shaw],  county,  XVI.  414. 
Wabashaw ,  county  seat,  XVI.  414,  2  be. 
WABAsn  College,  Indiana,  XVI.  414. 

Wabash  River:  see  Indiana,  IX.  233,  1  b. 

Origin  of  the  name,  XI.  187,  1  a. 
Wabaun'see,  county,  XVI.  415. 

Wage,  Master  Robert,  Anglo-Norman  poet, 
XVI.  415. 

Wacht  am  Rhein,  Die  [de  vakht  am  rine],  Ger¬ 
man  patriotic  song,  VII.  770, 1  c ;  XVI.  623, 
1  bo. 


Wachusett  [waw-chu'-set],  capture  of  the  Flor¬ 
ida  by  the,  II.  219,  2  a.  See  X.  497,  2  a. 

Waco  [wa'-ko],  county  seat,  X.  797,  2  b. 

Waday  [wa-di'],  kingdom  of  Africa,  XVI.  415. 

Waddel  (James,  D.  D.,  1739-1805),  the  blind 
preacher  (after  1785),  referred  to,  I.  285,  2  c. 

Wadding,  Luke,  Irish  scholar,  XVI.  415. 

Waddington,  William  Henry  [Fr.  va-danB-tone], 
French  archieologist,  XVI.  415.  (Minister 
of  foreign  affairs  December,  1877.) 

Waddy ,  Australian  weapon,  II.  132,  1  b. 

Wade,  Benjamin  Franklin,  American  states¬ 
man,  XVI.  416.  (Died  1878.) 

Wadena  [wll-de'-na],  county,  XVI.  416. 

Wadena ,  county  seat,  XVI.  416,  1  c. 

Wadesboro,  county  seat,  I.  538,  1  b. 

Wadsworth,  James,  American  philanthropist, 
XVI.  416.  James  Samuel,  general,  2  a. 

Wady  [wa'-de],  channel  of  a  watercourse,  I. 
619,  1  c;  VIII.  606,  1  c ;  XV.  62,  1  a.  W. 
Haninali,  IX.  612,  2  c. 

Wafer ,  used  at  the  sacrament,  X.  639,  2  b. 


WAGADROGADRO 


WALEWSKI 


783 


Wagadrogadro ,  Feejeean  plant,  VII.  110,  2  a. 

Wage-fund  theory ,  in  political  economy,  XIII. 
673,  2  b. 

Wager,  in  law,  XVI.  416. 

Wager  of  Battle  :  see  Appeal,  I.  596,  2  b, 
If.,  and  Champion.  Introduction  of  judicial 
combat  into  England,  2  c ;  its  continuance 
there,  249,  1  a,  I.  596,  2  c. 

Wager  of  Law  :  see  Criminal  Law,  Y.  487, 
2  be. 

Wager  policies,  in  insurance,  IX.  316,  1  a. 

Wagler  [va'-gler],  (J.  Georg,  1800-’32,  pro¬ 
fessor  at  Munich),  classification  of  reptiles 
by,  VIII.  693,  2  c. 

Wagner,  Richard  [Ger.  vag'-ner],  German  com¬ 
poser,  XVI.  416 ;  XII.  93,  1  be.  Johanna, 
actress,  XVI.  418,  2  b. 

Wagner,  Rudolph,  physiologist,  XYI.  418. 
Moritz  Friedrich,  naturalist,  419,  1  a. 

Wagner,  Rudolf  Johannes,  chemist,  XVI.  419. 

Wagner  free  institute  of  science,  XIII.  401,  2  c. 

Wagon,  the,  constellation,  II.  420,  2  a. 

Wagram  [va'-gram],  Austrian  village,  and  bat¬ 
tle  of,  XVI.  419.  Prince  of:  see  Berthier. 

Was:  see  Panda. 

Wahab,  Abd-el :  see  Abd-el-Wahab. 

Wahabees  [wa-ha'-beez],  or  Wahabites,  Mo¬ 
hammedan  sect,  XVI.  419. 

Wahkiak'um,  county,  XVI.  420. 

Wahlstatt  [val'-stat] :  see  Liegnitz,  X.  418,1  b. 

Wahoo:  see  Elm,  VI.  551,  2  a. 

Wahsatoii,  county,  XVI.  420. 

Wahsatcii  Mountains  :  see  Rocky  Mountains, 
XIV.  377,  2  c,  and  Utah,  XVI.  232,  1  ab. 

Waiblingen  [vi'-bling-en] :  see  Guelphs  and 
Ghibellines,  VIII.  296,  1  c. 

Waikur  [vi-koor'J,  Indians  of  Lower  California, 
III.  613,  2  c. 

Wain  wright,  Jonathan  May  hew,  American 
clergyman,  XVI.  420. 

Waite,  Morrison  Remich,  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States,  XVI.  420. 

Waitz,  Georg  [vites],  German  historian,  XVI. 
420. 

Waitz,  Theodor,  German  author,  XVI.  420. 

Waitzen  [vi'-tsen],  town  of  Hungary,  XVI.  420. 

“  Waived ,”  disregarded  by  law :  see  Out¬ 
lawry,  XII.  743,  1  a. 

Wajiji  [wa-je'-je],  African  people,  XVI.  103, 1  a. 

Wake,  English  festival,  XVI.  421.  Irish  fu¬ 
neral,  1  b  ;  III.  454,  1  a. 

Wake,  county,  XVI.  421. 

Wake,  William,  English  prelate,  XVI.  421. 

Wakefield,  Gilbert,  theologian,  XVI.  421. 


Wakefield,  Priscilla,  authoress,  XVI.  422„  See 
Savings  Bank,  XIV.  647,  2  b. 

Wake-Robin,  plant,  XVI.  422  (ill.)  ;  XV.  867, 
1  ab. 

Wakley,  Thomas,  English  physician,  XVI.  422. 

Wakulla,  county,  XVI.  423. 

Wakulla,  spring,  XV.  556,  2  ab. 

Walachei  [va-la-khF]:  6ee  Wallachia. 

Walaeus,  advocate  of  a  missionary  seminary, 
XI.  640,  1  c. 

Walhurga,  St. :  see  Walpurgis  Night. 

Walcheren  [waF-ker-en],  island,  Netherlands, 
XVI.  423.  Walcheren  expedition,  ib.  ;  re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  709,  1  ab,  XI.  523,  2  c. 

Wr alckenaer,  Charles  Athanase,  baron  [val- 
kuh-nair],  French  author,  XVI.  423.  His 
classification  of  spiders,  XV.  264,  1  c. 

Waldeck  [vaF-dek],  German  principality,  XVI. 
423.  George  Frederick,  prince  of,  2  b. 
Christian  Augustus,  prince  of,  2  be. 

Waldeck,  count,  prince  and  bishop  of  Munster, 
I.  449,  2  c. 

Waldeck,  Jean  Fr6d6ric  de,  baron  [val-dek], 
French  artist,  XVI.  423. 

Waldemar,  constitution  of,  XIV.  676,  1  b. 

Walden'ses,  Christian  denomination,  XVI. 
424;  XIII.  178,  1  a. 

Waldensian  dialect,  XIV.  39,  2  be. 

Wtaldmuller,  Ferdinand  Georg  [valt'-mtil-ler], 
German  painter,  XVI.  425. 

Waldo,  county,  XVI.  425. 

Waldo,  Peter:  see  Waldenses. 

WALDOBOROUGn,  town  of  Maine,  XVI.  425. 

Waldo  patent :  see  Waldoborougii. 

Waldron,  county  seat,  XIV.  706,  2  a. 

Waldstein  [v41t'- stine],  Bohemian  count,  re' 
f erred  to,  IV.  49,  1  ab.  See  Wallenstein. 

Waldus,  Petrus :  see  Waldenses. 

Wales,  principality  of  the  British  empire,  XVI. 
425.  Coast  line,  2  b.  Surface,  2  c.  Geol¬ 
ogy  and  minerals,  426,  1  b;  Roman  mines,  1  c. 
Climate,  soil,  and  productions,  2  ab.  An¬ 
cient  remains,  2  b.  Divisions  and  popular 
tion,  2  be.  Industries  and  commerce,  427, 
1  ab.  Intercommunication,  1  b.  Educa¬ 
tion,  1  c.  Religion,  ib.  History,  2  a. 

W  ales,  Language  and  Literature  of :  see  Celts, 
Languages  and  Literature  of  the,  IV.  178,  2  b. 

Wales,  prince  of,  title,  XVI.  428,  1  a ;  VI.  434, 
1  b,  608,  2  a.  His  crest  and  motto,  VI.  439, 
1  c,  V.  470,  2  a;  coronet,  371,  2  c. 

Walewska,  countess  [va-lev'-ska].  referred  to, 
III.  55,  2  ab  (twice) ;  XVI.  428,  1  b. 

Walewski,  Alexandre  Florinn  Joseph  Colonna, 


7S4 


WALHALLA 


WALRUS 


count  and  duke  [va-lev-ske],  French  states¬ 
man,  XVI.  428. 

Walhalla,  or  Valhalla  [val-hal'-la] :  see  My¬ 
thology,  XII.  120, 1  ah,  and  Ratisbon,  XIV. 
213,  2  b. 

WalhaVla ,  county  seat,  XII.  574,  2  b. 
Walhonding  river ,  Ohio,  XII.  101,  1  a. 
Walker,  three  counties,  XVI.  428. 

Walker,  Amasa,  American  political  economist, 
XVI.  428  ;  XIII.  677,  2  ab.  Francis  Amasa, 
XVI.  429,  1  a. 

Walker,  Frederick,  English  painter,  XVI.  429. 
Walker,  James,  American  clergyman, XVI.429. 
Walker,  John,  English  lexicographer,  XVI. 429. 
Walker,  Robert  James,  American  statesman, 
XVI.  429  ;  IX.  755,  2  ab. 

Walker,  Sears  Cook,  American  mathemati¬ 
cian,  XVI.  429. 

Walker,  William,  American  adventurer,  XVI. 

430  ;  V.  396,  2  b.  Referred  to,  XVI.  258, 1  a. 
Walker  river,  Xevada,  XII.  263,  2  c.  Lake, 
264,  1  ab. 

Walkerton ,  county  seat,  III.  351,  2  a. 

“  Walking  cases,”  in  yellow  fever,  VII.  166,  2  b. 
Walking  fern :  see  Walking  Leak. 

Walking  Leaf,  fern,  XVI.  430  (ill.). 

Wall,  of  Antoninus,  I.  575,  2  a ;  of  Hadrian 
and  Severus,  ib .,  VIII.  370,  1  c,  XIV.  704, 
1  ab,  789,  1  c ;  of  Trajan,  X.  65,  1  b,  VI. 
165,  1  c.  Great  wall  of  China,  IV.  457,  2  b 
(ill.,  458). 

Wallabout,  Brooklyn,  origin  of  the  name,  III. 
326,  1  c. 

Wallaby ,  Australian  animal,  II.  130,  2  b. 
Wallace,  county,  XVI.  431. 

Wallace,  county  seat,  XVI.  431,  1  a. 

Wallace,  Alfred  Russel,  English  naturalist, 
XVI.  431.  On  animal  development,  VII. 
11,  2  be ;  12,  2  a. 

Wallace,  Horace  Binney,  American  author, 
XVI.  431. 

Wallace,  SirWilliam, Scottish  patriot, XVI.431. 
Wallace,  William  Vincent,  Irish  composer, 
XVI.  432. 

WALLAcniA  [wal-la'-ke-a],  country  of  S.  E. 

Europe,  XVI.  432.  History,  433,  1  b, 
WALLAcniAN  Language  and  Literature,  XVI. 
433. 

Wallace,  James  William,  American  actor, 
XVI.  434.  John  Lester,  actor,  2  b. 

Walla  Walla,  county,  XVI.  434. 

Walla  Walla,  city  of  Washington  territory, 
XVI.  435. 

Wallenstein,  Albrecht  Wenzel  Eusebius  von, 


count  [val'-len-stine],  duke  of  Friedland,  &c., 
Austrian  general,  XVI.  435. 

Waller,  county,  XVI.  437. 

Waller,  Edmund,  English  poet,  XVI.  437. 
Waller’s  plot,  2  b.  Refugee  in  the  Bermu¬ 
das,  II.  569,  1  be. 

Waller,  SirWilliam,  English  general,  XVI.437, 

Wallerius  (Johann  Gottschalk,  1709-85,  pro¬ 
fessor  of  chemistry  and  metallurgy  at  Upsal), 
work  on  mineralogy  by,  XI.  589,  1  ab. 

Wallette  [wal-let'J,  county,  XVI.  438. 

Wall  Flower,  plant,  XVI.  438  (ill.).  Other 
names,  1  c. 

Wall  gilliflower :  see  Wall  Flower. 

Wallich,  Dr.,  on  bathybius,  II.  391,  1  b. 

Wallin,  J.  0.  [val-leen'j,  (Johan  Olof,  arch¬ 
bishop  of  Upsal  1837),  Swedish  religious 
poet,  XV.  514,  2  be. 

Wallingford ,  Conn.  (11  m.  X.  of  Mew  Haven), 
communistic  society  of,  XII.  529,  1  b. 

Wallis  [val'-lis],  Switzerland:  see  Valais. 

Wallis,  assumed  name  of  Richard  Cromwell, 
V.  508,  1  c. 

Wallis,  John,  English  mathematician,  XVI. 
438.  His  system  of  deaf-mute  instruction, 
V.  731,  1  be. 

Wallis,  Samuel,  English  navigator,  referred  to, 
IV.  35,  2  ab  ;  XV.  144,  2  c. 

Wallis,  Severn  Teackle,  American  lawyer, 
XVI.  438. 

Wallisville ,  county  seat,  IV.  238,  2  b. 

Wallon,  Henri  Alexandre  [val-lons],  French 
author,  XVI.  438. 

Walloon  process,  in  iron  manufacture,  referred 
to,  IX.  398,  2  b. 

Walloons,  people  of  Belgium,  XVI.  439. 

Walloostook ’  river,  Maine,  XI.  30,  1  a ;  XIV. 
533,  1  c. 

Wall  Paper  :  see  Paper  Hangings. 

Wall  pepper,  plant,  XIV.  751,  2  be. 

Wallsall:  see  Walsall  (Index). 

Walnut,  tree,  XVI.  439.  Flowers  and  fruit, 
2  a  (ills.).  Black  walnut,  2  c  (ill.,  440). 
Rock  walnut,  440,  1  c.  European,  ib.  (ill.) ; 
double,  2  a.  White  walnut :  see  Butternut. 

Walpole,  Sir  Robert,  earl  of  Orford,  English 
statesman,  XVI.  441.  See  George  I.  and 
George  II.  Horatio,  Baron  Walpole  of 
Wolterton,  2  a.  Horace,  author,  2  ab. 

Walpurga,  St.,  II.  520,  2  ab.  See  Walpurgis 
Might. 

Walpurgis  Might  [Ger.  val-poor'-ghis],  XVI. 
442.  St.  Walpurgis,  ib. 

Walrus,  marine  arctic  mammal,  XVI.  442  (ill.). 


WALSALL 


WARP 


785 


Walsall  [wawl'-sawl],  borough  of  England, 
XVI.  443.  (More  commonly  Wallsall.) 
Wdlschland  [velsh'-lant],  popular  German  name 
of  Italy,  XVI.  425,  2  b. 

Walsh,  Robert,  American  author,  XVI.  443. 
Walsingham,  Sir  Francis  [wfll'-sing-um],  Eng¬ 
lish  statesman,  XVI.  443. 

Walter,  John,  founder  of  the  London  “Times,” 
XVI.  443.  John  (2d),  2  b.  John  (3d),  2  c. 
Walter,  Thomas  Ustick,  American  architect, 
XVI.  443. 

Walterborough ,  county  seat,  V.  63,  1  c. 

Walters,  Mrs.  Lucy ,  mistress  of  King  Charles 
II.,  and  mother  of  the  duke  of  Monmouth, 
IV.  283,  2  be ;  XI.  754,  2  a. 

Walter  the  Penniless :  see  Crusades,  V.  528,  2  b. 
Wal'tham,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XVI.  444. 
Walther  yon  der  Vogel weide  [val'-ter  fon 
der  fo'-ghel-vi-deh],  German  minnesinger, 
XVI.  444. 

Walton,  two  counties,  X\H.  444. 

Walton,  Brian,  English  prelate,  XVI.  444. 

See  Polyglot,  XIII.  687,  2  c. 

Walton,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XVI.  444. 

Walton,  Izaak,  English  author,  XVI.  445. 
Walworth,  two  counties,  XVI.  445. 
Walworth,  Reuben  Hyde,  American  jurist, 
XVI.  445.  Mansfield  Tracy,  novelist,  2  b. 
Clarence,  2  be. 

Warnba ,  King  (Visigothic  king  of  Spain  about 
672-80),  referred  to,  VIII.  311,  2  b. 
Wampano'cigs:  see  Massachusetts  Indians, 
and  XIV.  297,  1  a. 

Wampum,  Indian  currency,  XVI.  445  ;  II.  412, 
2  b.  Wampumpaque,  ib.  Wampumpeag, 
XVI.  445,  2  c. 

Wandering  Jew,  The,  XVI.  446. 

Wandering  Jew ,  plant,  XIV.  657,  1  a. 
Wanderoo'  :  see  Macaque,  X.  766,  2  b. 
Wandsbeck  Messenger :  see  Claudius,  Matthias. 
Wane  cloud ,  IV.  711,  1  be. 

Wapakoneta ,  county  seat,  II.  107,  2  a. 
Wapello,  county,  XVI.  446. 

Wapello ,  county  seat,  X.  666,  2  c. 

Wapiti  [wa-pe'-te],  deer,  XVI.  446  (ill.).  Other 
names,  447,  1  a.  See  Elk,  VI.  541,  1  a ; 
Buck,  III.  385,  1  c. 

Wappeks,  Gustave,  Flemish  painter,  XVI.  447. 
War:  see  references,  XVI.  447. 

War,  public ,  X.  227,  1  b. 

War  of  the  public  weal :  see  League  of  (Index). 
Warbeck,  Perkin,  pretender  to  the  English 
throne,  XVI.  447 ;  IX.  515,  2  be. 

50 


Warbler,  bird,  XVI.  447. 

Warburton,  Eliot  Bartholomew  George,  Brit¬ 
ish  author,  XVI.  447. 

Warburton,  William,  English  author  and 
bishop,  XVI.  448.  His  “  Divine  Legation” 
attacked  by  Gibbon,  VII.  797,  2  a. 

Ward,  Artemas,  American  general,  XVI.  448; 

X.  299,  2  be ;  I.  86,  2  c. 

Ward,  Artemus:  see  Browne,  Charles  Farrar. 
Ward,  Captain,  his  invention  of  the  life  belt, 
X.  424,  1  ab. 

Ward,  Edward  Matthew,  English  painter,  XVI. 
448. 

Ward,  Henry  Augustus,  American  naturalist, 
XVI.  449. 

Ward,  James,  English  painter,  XVI.  449. 
Ward,  John  Quincy  Adams,  American  sculp¬ 
tor,  XVI.  449., 

Ward,  Nathaniel,  English  clergyman, XVI. 449. 
Ward,  Robert  Plumer,  English  author,  XVI.449. 
Ward,  Samuel,  American  patriot,  XVI.  449. 
Samuel,  soldier,  2  c. 

Ward,  W.  H.,  his  facsimiles  of  the  Hamath 
inscriptions,  VIII.  409,  2  a. 

Ward,  William,  English  missionary,  XVI.  450. 
Wardian  cases,  for  plants,  VII.  152,  1  a. 
Wardlaw,  Ralph,  Scottish  clergyman,  XVL 
450.  On  miracles,  XI.  625,  2  b. 

Weirdie,  Col. :  see  Clarke,  Mary  Anne,  IV, 
641,  1  c. 

Ware,  county,  XVI.  450. 

Ware,  Bed  of :  see  Bed,  II.  445,  1  ab  (ill.). 
Ware,  Henry,  American  clergyman,  XVI.  450. 
Henry,  jr.,  clergyman,  2  ab.  John,  physi¬ 
cian,  2  be.  William,  clergyman,  2  c. 
Warehouseman,  in  law,  XVI.  451. 
Waresborough,  county  seat,  XVI.  450,  1  c. 
Warfield,  county  seat,  XI.  207,  2  c. 

Warfield,  Catharine  Anne  (Ware),  American 
authoress,  XVI.  451.  (Died  1877.) 
Warming  and  Ventilation,  XVI.  451.  Dete¬ 
rioration  of  air,  2c;  its  effects,  452,  1  c ; 
amount  required,  2  ab.  Natural  ventilation, 
453,  1  b ;  artificial,  1  c.  Fireplaces  and 
grates,  ib. ;  stoves,  454, 1  c  ;  hot-air  furnace, 
455,  1  c.  Water  as  a  vehicle  for  heat,  456, 
1  a;  steam,  1  c.  Ventilating  fans  and  chim¬ 
neys,  2  be.  Gas  jets,  457,  1  b.  Point  of 
entrance  of  fresh  air,  1  c. 

Warm  Springs,  village  of  Virginia,  XVI.  457. 
Warner,  Charles  Dudley,  American  author, 
XVI.  457. 

Warner,  Susan,  authoress, XVI.458.  Anna, lb. 
Warp:  see  Weaving,  XVL  523,  1  a.  Warp 


786 


WARRAH 


WASHINGTON 


beam,  1  b;  warping,  1  c.  Warp  machine, 
in  lace  making,  X.  80,  1  a. 

Warrah  (wolf  fox),  VII.  73,  2  b. 

Warranties ,  lineal  and  collateral,  V.  755,  1  c. 
Warranty,  in  law,  XVI.  458.  In  convey¬ 
ances  of  lands  :  see  Deed.  In  marine  insu¬ 
rance,  IX.  316,  2  ab,  ff.  In  fire  insurance, 
319,  2  c,  fie. 

Warree',  XIII.  222,  1  a  (Peccary). 

Warren,  of  rabbits,  XIV.  139,  1  be. 

Warren,  name  of  fourteen  counties,  XVI.  459. 
Warren ,  county  seats,  III.  181,  1  b;  XVI.  14, 

1  c ;  460,  1  a. 

Warren,  James,  American  patriot,  XVI.  461. 
Mercy,  authoress,  2  a. 

Warren,  Sir  John  Borlase,  English  admiral, 
XVI.  461. 

Warren,  Joseph,  American  patriot,  XVI.  461. 
John,  physician,  462, 1  c.  John  Collins,  phy¬ 
sician,  2  a.  Jonathan  Mason,  surgeon,  2  be. 
Warren ,  Lavinia ,  dwarf,  VI.  336,  1  c. 
Warren,  Samuel,  English  author,  XVI.  462. 
(Died  1877.) 

Warren,  William,  American  actor,  XVI.  463. 
Warren,  William  Fairfield,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  463. 

Warrensburg ,  county  seat,  IX.  657,  1  b. 
Warrenton ,  county  seats,  VII.  95,  2  a ;  XI. 

198,  2  a ;  XVI.  460,  1  c  (two),  461,  2  a. 
Warrick,  county,  XVI.  463. 

Warrington,  Lewis,  American  naval  officer, 
XVI.  463. 

Warrior,  the ,  iron-clad,  IX.  381,  2  c ;  382, 

2  a  (ill.,  386). 

Wars  [warce],  plant,  VIII.  450,  2  be. 
War'saw,  government  of  Russian  Poland,  XVI. 
463.  Capital  city,  2  c.  History,  464,  2  a. 
Duchy  of,  2  c;  XIII.  648,  1  be. 

Warsatc,  county  seats,  II.  542,  1  c;  VII.  572, 
la;  X.  48,  la;  XIV.  319,2b;  XVI.  752,  2  c. 
Warschau,  Warszawa  [var'-show,  var-sha'-va] : 
see  Warsaw. 

Wart,  excrescence,  XVI.  465. 

Wartburg  [Ger.  vart'-boorg],  eastle,  XVI.  465  ; 
VI.  483,  1  c  (ilk).  Wartburg  war,  musical 
tournament,  724,  2  a  ;  XVI.  465,  2  a.  Wart¬ 
burg  festival,  2  b. 

Wartburg ,  county  seat,  XI.  827,  1  a. 

Wart  Hog,  XVI.  465.  African,  2  c  ;  masked 
water  hog,  466,  1  a  (ill.) ;  painted  pig,  1  b. 
Warton,  Joseph,  English  author,  XVI.  466. 
Thomas,  author,  2  a. 

Warty  growths,  in  heart  disease,  VIII.  561,  2  c. 
Warville,  Brissot  de  [var-veel] :  see  Brissot. 


Warwick,  county,  XVI.  466. 

Warwick,  town  of  Rhode  Island,  XVI.  466. 
Warwick  [wor'-rik],  borough  of  England,  XVI. 

467.  Warwick  castle,  1  a  (ill.). 

Warwick,  Guy,  earl  of,  XVI.  467. 

Warwick,  John  Dudley,  earl  of:  see  Dudley. 
Warwick,  Richard  Neville,  earl  of,  XVI.  467. 
See  Edward  IV.  Earl  of  (Edward  Planta- 
genet,  his  grandson,  and  nephew  of  Edward 
IV.),  VIII.  647,  2  c ;  648,  1  ab. 

Warwick  G.  H.,  county  seat,  XVI.  466,  2  c. 
Warwickshire,  county  of  England,  XVI.  468. 
Wasco,  county,  XVI.  468. 

Waseca,  county,  XVI.  468. 

Wash ,  the,  estuary  of  England,  VI.  598,  2  b. 
Washer,  in  gas  works,  VII.  637,  1  b. 
Washington,  territory,  XVI.  469.  Population, 

1  b.  Surface,  2  b.  Coast  line,  2  c.  Rivers, 

470,  1  a.  Geology  and  minerals,  2  a.  Cli¬ 
mate,  2  b.  Flora  and  fauna,  2  c.  Industries, 

471,  1  b.  Commerce,  2  ab.  Government, 

2  c.  Education,  &c.,  472,  1  b.  History,  1  c. 
Washington,  name  of  28  counties,  XVI.  472. 
Washington,  capital  of  the  United  States,  XVI. 

476  (map,  477).  Streets,  2  be;  circles,  477, 
2  a.  The  capitol,  2  b  (ill.,  478)  ;  bronze  door 
of,  XIV.  388,  1  c.  President’s  house  (white 
house),  XVI.  479,  2  a  (ill.,  478).  Treasury  de¬ 
partment,  2  b  (ill.).  State,  war,  and  navy 
building,  2  c  (ill.).  Corcoran  art  building, 

480. 1  c  (ill.).  Government,  2  c.  Charitable 
institutions,  481,  1  a.  Education,  1  be.  Li¬ 
braries,  2  be.  History,  2  c.  Burning  of  by 
the  British,  X.  826,  2  c;  responsibility  for 
its  capture,  I.  736,  1  b. 

W  ashington,  borough,  Pennsylvania,  XVI.  482. 
Washington,  county  seats,  II.  424,  1  c ;  VII. 

102. 1  a;  VIII.  634,  lb;  IX.  169, 1  a;  XIV. 

208.2  b;  285,1  b;  XVI.  475,  2  c;  476,1  b; 
623,  2  b. 

Washington,  county  of  (now  District  of  Colum¬ 
bia),  VI.  146,  2  b. 

Washington,  district  of:  see  Tennessee,  XV. 
649,  2  a. 

Washington,  Bushrod,  American  jurist,  XVI. 
482. 

Washington,  George,  first  president  of  the 
United  States,  XVI.  482.  Voyage  to  the 
West  Indies,  483,  2  a.  Conflicting  French 
and  English  claims,  2  c.  Expedition  through 
the  wilderness,  484, 1  a.  French  and  Indian 
war,  1  b ;  Braddock’s  defeat,  485,  1  b  (see 
Craik,  James).  Marriage,  2  ab.  Life  at 
Mt.  Vernon,  2  b,  487,  2  a.  Commander-in- 


WASHINGTON 


WATER 


chief  in  the  revolutionary  war,  486,  2  a  ;  ap¬ 
pointed  lieutenant  general  of  the  French 
army,  X.  96,  2  c.  Reprimand  of  Gen.  Lee 
at  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  301,  1  b.  Let¬ 
ter  to  the  Pennsylvania  assembly  on  the  dis¬ 
tress  of  the  army,  XII.  792,  1  ab.  Refusal 
of  a  court  of  inquiry  to  St.  Clair,  XIY.  528, 

1  b.  Headquarters  at  Newburgh,  XII.  279, 

2  ab;  at  Cambridge,  III.  641,  2  c  (ill.,  642). 
Washington  elm,  ib.  (ill.,  642).  Gift  to 
Princeton  college,  XIII.  842,  2  b.  Conven¬ 
tion  for  framing  the  constitution,  XYI.  488, 

1  a.  His  presidency,  1  be.  Intercession  in 
behalf  of  Lafayette,  X.  98,  2  c.  Quasi  war 
with  France,  XYI.  490,  1  a.  Last  illness, 

1  ab.  Personal  appearance,  &c.,  2  b.  Por¬ 
traits  of,  2  c :  see  Stuart,  Gilbert.  Writings 
of,  491,  1  a;  190,  2  b.  Eulogy  on,  by  Hen¬ 
ry  Lee,  490,  2  b ;  X.  304,  1  b. 

Washington ,  Maximilian  de,  baron,  I.  376, 1  a. 
Washington,  William  Augustine,  American 
soldier,  XYI.  491. 

Washington ,  treaty  of ,  XYI.  187,  1  c. 
Washington  college :  see  Washington  and  Lee 
University. 

Washington  and  Jefferson  college,  XYI.  482, 1  c. 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  XYI.  491 
(ill.). 

Washington  park,  Brooklyn,  III.  319,  2  b.  In¬ 
terment  of  revolutionary  martyrs,  326,  2  be. 
Revolutionary  intrenchments  at,  X.  626, 1  ab. 
Washington  University:  see  Saint  Louis, 
XIV.  546,  1  a. 

Washita  [wash'-e-taw],  river,  XYI.  492. 
Washita,  counties :  see  Ouachita. 

Washoe,  county,  XYI.  492. 

Washoe  process,  of  silver  extraction,  XY.51, 2  c. 
Washtenaw,  county,  XYI.  492. 

Wasp,  XYI.  492.  Social  wasps,  493, 1  a  (ill.) ; 
solitary,  2  a.  Their  nests,  1  ab,  ff.  (ill.) ; 
characteristics,  2  a.  Rust-red  social  wasp, 
XIII.  770,  1  c. 

Wasp,  sloop  of  war,  IX.  678,  1  ab.  Another, 
II.  692,  1  a. 

Waste ,  of  silk,  XV.  42,  1  a. 

Waste  weirs,  of  canals,  III.  681,  2  c. 

Watauga,  county,  XYI.  494. 

Watauga  association ,  XY.  649,  2  a  (Tennessee). 
Watch:  see  Clocks  and  Watches,  IV.  700, 

2  b.  Invention  of  the  spiral  spring,  IX.  98, 
1  ab.  First  made,  XII.  539,  2  c. 

Watches,  pitcher  plant,  XIII.  548,  2  a. 

Watch  song,  in  early  German  literature,  VII. 
763,  2  a. 


Water,  XYI.  494.  As  a  standard  of  weight, 

1  c.  Physical  characteristics  of,  2  a.  Dis¬ 
tribution  of,  495,  1  b.  Solvent  power  of, 

1  c.  Of  the  ocean,  406,  2  be.  In  rocks, 
498,  1  b.  Mineral  waters,  2  b. — Discovery 
of  its  composition,  IY.  155,  1  a.  Effect  of 
lead  upon,  X.  248,  1  b.  Water  in  the  atmos¬ 
phere,  II.  83,  2  c ;  84,  2  b.  Medicated  or 
perfumed  water,  YI.  733,  1  b.  Test  of  im¬ 
pure  water,  VIII.  545,  1  a. 

Water  bed,  inventor  of,  I.  762,  1  c. 

“  Water  Beggars ,”  in  Dutch  history,  I.  370,  2  c. 
Water  bellows,  I.  116,  2  c ;  II.  745,  2  b,  746, 

2  be.  Use  of  in  mining  (water  blast,  or  hy¬ 
draulic  bellows),  XI.  576,  1  a. 

Water  blast :  see  Water  bellows  (Index). 
Waterborough,  county  seat,  Y.  63,  1  c. 

Water  buck,  I.  545,  2  a  (Antelope). 

Water  Bug,  XYI.  499  (ill.).  Boat  flies,  2  c. 
Waterbury,  city  of  Connecticut,  XYI.  500. 
Water  casks,  charring  the  interior  of:  see 
Chevreul,  IY.  393,  2  be. 

Water  chinquapin  (water  lily),  XYI.  504,  1  b. 
Water-color  Painting,  XYI.  500.  Stained 
drawings,  2  b.  Body-color  painting,  501, 1  ab. 
Water  Cress,  plant,  XYI.  501.  Spurious,  XIV. 
725,  1  a. 

Water  crow ,  Y.  692,  2  b. 

Water  cure :  see  Hydropathy. 

Wateree',  river  of  S.  Carolina,  XYI.  501. 
Water  festival,  Thibetan,  X.  117,  1  c. 
Waterford,  county  of  Ireland,  XYI.  501.  Cap¬ 
ital  city,  2  be. 

Waterford,  village  of  New  York,  XYI.  502. 
Water  frame,  and  water  twist,  in  cotton  man¬ 
ufacture,  Y.  411,  2  c. 

Water  gas,  VII.  639,  1  b ;  IY.  272,  2  a. 

Water  glass :  see  Glass,  Soluble.- 
Water  hemlock,  poisonous  plant,  IV.  577,  2  a. 
Water  hog,  III.  763,  2  c.  Masked,  XYI.  466, 
1  a  (ill.). 

Waterhouse,  Alfred,  English  architect,  XYI. 
502. 

Waterhouse,  Benjamin,  American  physician, 
XYI.  502. 

Waterland,  Daniel,  English  theologian,  XYI. 

502.  On  the  eucharist,  X.  732,  2  ab. 
Waterlanders  :  see  Mennonites,  XI.  389,  2  a. 
Water  of  Leith,  near  Edinburgh,  YI.  405,  2  c; 

408,  1  be. 

Water  lemon,  plant,  VIII.  149,  1  be. 

Water  Lily,  XYL  502.  Yellow,  or  yellow 
pond  lily,  2  c  (ill.).  Pond,  or  water  nymph, 

503,  1  be;  stamens  and  petals,  1  c  (ill.). 


788 


WATERLOO 


WAX 


Common,  2  a ;  lily  pads,  ib.  Sweet-scented, 
ib.  (ill.).  Common  European  and  Asiatic, 
2  c ;  blue  lotus  of  the  Nile,  ib.  Nelumbo,  504, 

1  b  (ill.) ;  sacred  lotus,  1  c.  Victoria,  ib.  (ill.). 
Waterloo',  Belgium,  battle  of,  XVI.  505. 
Waterloo,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  506. 
Waterloo,  city  of  Iowa,  XVI.  507. 

Waterloo ,  county  seats,  IV.  638,  2  b;  XI.  760, 

2  b  ;  XIV.  765,  1  c. 

Waterloo,  Antoni  [wa-ter-lo'J,  Dutch  engra¬ 
ver,  XVI.  507. 

Waterloo  bridge ,  London,  X.  592,  1  b. 

Water  maize ,  XVI.  505,  1  a. 

Water  mark,  on  paper,  XIII.  48,  2  c ;  49,  1  a. 
Watermelon-  :  see  Melon,  XI.  373,  2  be.  Car¬ 
olina,  374,  1  a  (ill.);  other  varieties,  1  b. 
Citron  watermelon,  1  c  (ill.). 

Water  Meter,  XVI.  507.  Cochrane’s,  1  c 
(ill.).  Duboys’s,  2  b. 

Water  mole ,  animal,  XII.  709,  1  c. 

Water  newt ,  XV.  875,  1  b  (ill.). 

Water  nymph  (water  lily),  XVI.  503,  1  be. 
Water  Oats  :  see  Rice,  Indian. 

Water  opossum  :  see  Yapock. 

Water  pepper,  plant,  XIII.  689,  1  a. 

Water  persicaria,  plant,  XIII.  688,  2  c. 

“  Water  poet,  the :  ”  see  Taylor,  John,  XV. 
594,  1  ab. 

Water-proof  clothing,  Japanese,  XIII.  51,  1  a. 
Water  rail,  bird,  XIV.  169,  2  ab. 

Water  Ram  :  see  Hydraulic  Ram. 

Water  Rat,  Tasmanian  animal,  XVI.  507. 
Water -retting,  or  rotting,  of  flax,  VII.  264,  1  a. 
Waters,  bag  of  (obstetrics),  XII.  569,  2  c;  570, 
1  a. 

Water  salamander ,  XV.  875,  1  a. 

Water  scorpion,  XVI.  500,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Water  Shield,  aquatic  plant,  XVI.  508  (ill.). 
Water  sky,  XIII.  653,  2  c. 

Waterson,  theory  of  the  sun’s  heat,  VIII.  568,  lc. 
Water  Spout,  XVI.  508. 

“  Water  syringes  useful  at  fires :  ”  see  Eire  En¬ 
gine,  VII.  210,  1  be. 

W  aterton,  Ch  arles,  Engli  sh  n  aturalist,  XVI. 5 08. 
Watertown,  city  of  New  York,  XVI.  508. 
Watertown,  city  of  Wisconsin,  XVI.  509. 
Water  turkey,  V.  692,  2  b. 

Waterville,  town  of  Maine,  XVI.  509.  Colby 
university  (Waterville  college),  2  ab. 
Watervliet  arsenal:  see  West  Troy. 
Waterway,  of  a  ship,  XIV.  863,  1  be. 

Water  Wheel:  see  Wheel,  XVI.  592,  2  b. 
Water  Witch,  American  exploring  steamer : 
see  Paraguay,  XIII.  68,  1  c. 


Water  Works,  XVI.  509.  Reservoir  system, 
510,  1  a.  Gravity  system,  ib.  Stand-pipe 
system,  1  c ;  Brooklyn  water  works,  2  ab. 
Holly  system,  511,  2  c;  Rochester  water 
works,  ib. 

Watery  flounder,  turbot,  XVI.  45,  2  c. 

Watkins,  H.  E.,  surgeon,  on  the  causes  of  dis¬ 
ease  in  Andersonville  prison,  I.  474,  2  c. 

Watkins  Glen,  XII.  357,  2  b.  Referred  to,  III. 
716,  1  a. 

Watonwan  [wat'-on-wan],  county,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  Dr.,  experiments  in  the  transmission 
of  electricity,  XV.  610,  1  be. 

Watson,  Elkanah,  American  merchant  and  au¬ 
thor,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  James  Craig,  astronomer,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  John  Fanning,  author,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  Musgrave  Lewthwaite,  English  sculp¬ 
tor,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  Richard,  prelate,  XVI.  512. 

Watson,  Richard,  clergyman,  XVI.  513. 

Watt,  James,  Scottish  inventor,  XVI.  513. 
James  (2d),  2  b.  Gregory,  2  c. 

Watteau,  Jean  Antoine  [va-tol,  French  paint¬ 
er,  XVI.  514. 

Watts,  George  Frederick,  English  painter, 
XVI.  514. 

Watts,  Isaac,  English  clergyman,  XVI.  514. 

Wat  Tyler  :  see  Richard  II.,  XIV.  313,  2  a. 

Watzmann,  Mt.  [vats'-man],  Bavaria,  II.  550, 1  c. 

Wauke'gan,  city  of  Illinois,  XVI.  514. 

Waukesha,  county,  XVI.  514. 

Waukesha,  county  seat,  XVI.  514,  2  c. 

Waupac'a,  county,  XVI.  515. 

Waupaca,  county  seat,  XVI.  515,  1  ab. 

Wausau,  county  seat,  XI.  145,  1  c. 

Waushara,  county,  XVI.  515. 

Wautoma ,  county  seat,  XVI.  515,  1  b. 

Wave:  see  Light,  X.  435,  1  c;  Sound,  XV. 
182,  2  ab;  Acoustics,  I.  69,  2  b;  and  Tides. 

Wave  form,  and  wave  lines,  in  ship  building, 
XIV.  858,  2  be. 

Wave  front,  of  light,  X.  435,  2  ab. 

Waverley,  county  seats,  III.  249,  1  c;  IX.  51, 
2  c ;  XIII.  511,  2  c. 

Wavy  line,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  672,  1  a  (ilk). 

Wax,  XVI.  515.  Animal,  1  c.  Vegetable, 
2  be,  ff.  Mineral  resemblances,  516,  1  be. 
Japan  wax,  XV.  463,  2  ab.  Wax  insect: 
see  China,  IV.  446,  1  c. 

Waxahachie,  county  seat,  VI.  547,  2  b. 

Waxbill:  see  Finch,  VII.  190,  1  c. 

Wax  Figures,  XVI.  516. 

Wax  Myrtle:  see  Bayberry. 


WAX 


WEIGHTS 


789 


Wax  Plant,  XVI.  510  (ill.,  517). 

Waxwing,  bird,  XVI.  517.  Bohemian, 2  ab  (ill.). 
Waxwork,  shrub,  XVI.  517  (ill.,  518).  Other 
names,  2  c;  780,  2  c. 

Way,  Right  of :  see  Realty. 

Wayfaring  tree ,  XVI.  339,  1  b. 

Wayland,  Francis,  American  clergyman  and 
author,  president  of  Brown  university,  XVI. 
518.  See  Moral  Philosophy,  XI.  815,  2  b. 
Wayland  Smith's  cave ,  II.  561,  1  be. 

Wayne,  name  of  fifteen  counties,  XVI.  518. 
Wayne,  Anthony,  American  soldier,  XVI.  520. 
Waynesborough ,  county  seats,  III.  455,  2  b; 

XVI.  519,  2  a  (two). 

Waynesburg ,  county  seat,  VIII.  227,  2  a. 
Waynesville ,  county  seats,  VIII.  553,  2  a ;  XIV. 
78,  2  a. 

Ways,  for  launching  ships,  XIV.  863,  2  c. 
Waywode,  military  and  civil  officer,  XVI.  521. 

Referred  to,  XIV.  782,  la;  II.  57,  2  b. 
Weak  Fish,  XVI.  521  (ill.). 

Weakley,  county,  XVI.  521. 

Weasel,  XVI.  521.  Common  American,  2  b; 

European,  2  be  (ill.)  ;  bridled,  522,  1  a. 
Weather ,  changes  of  predicted  by  the  barome¬ 
ter,  II.  328,  2  be.  Weather  bureau,  329, 1  b. 
See  Signal  Service. 

Weathercock,  sobriquet,  XV.  829,  1  c. 
Weatherford ,  county  seat,  XIII.  109,  2  c. 
Weather  glass ,  XV.  698,  1  c. 
u  Weathering of  peat,  XIII.  218,  1  b. 

Weather  rose ,  in  meteorology,  XI.  446, 1  c  (ills.). 
Weathersford  (William,  a  half-breed),  a  Creek 
Indian  chief,  IX.  489,  1  c. 

Weaver  Bird,  XVI.  522.  Nests  of,  1  b  (ill.). 
Social  or  republican  weaver,  2  a.  Whydah 
finches  or  widow  birds,  2  ab. 

Weaverville,  county  seat,  XV.  870,  2  ab. 
Weaving,  XVI.  522.  Plain,  523,  1  a.  Hand 
loom,  1  b.  Jacquard  loom,  524,  1  a,  525, 1  b. 
Power  loom,  524,  2  a,  ff.  Electric  loom, 
525,  1  c.  American  inventions,  2  be. 

Webb,  county,  XVI.  526. 

Webb,  Samuel  B.,  American  soldier,  XVI.  526. 

James  Watson,  journalist,  1  b. 

Webbe,  Samuel,  English  composer,  XVI.  526. 
Web'er,  county,  XVI.  526. 

Weber,  Albrecht  Friedrich  [va'-ber],  German 
orientalist,  XVI.  527. 

Weber,  Ernst  Heinrich,  physiologist,  XVI.  526. 
Wilhelm  Eduard,  physicist,  2  c.  Eduard 
Friedrich,  physiologist,  527,  1  a. 

Weber,  Karl  Maria  Friedrich  Ernst  von,  baron, 
composer,  XVI.  527 ;  XII.  93,  1  ab. 


Webster,  name  of  seven  counties,  XVI.  527. 
Webster ,  county  seat,  IX.  482,  2  b. 

Webster,  Benjamin,  English  actor,  XVI.  528. 
Webster,  Daniel,  American  statesman,  XVI. 
528.  Legal  career,  529,  1  ab,  2  ab;  Dart¬ 
mouth  college  case,  2  be :  see  Dartmouth 
College  (Index).  Public  life,  1  b ;  530, 1  b. 
Appearance  and  habits,  2  b.  Works,  2  c; 
201,  1  a. 

Webster,  Ebenezer,  American  patriot,  XVI. 

533.  Ezekiel,  lawyer,  1  b. 

Webster,  John,  English  dramatist,  XVI.  533. 
Webster,  Noah,  American  philologist,  XVI. 

533  ;  VI.  94,  2  c,  95,  1  b. 

Webster ,  Pelatiah  (1725-95,  merchant  of  Phil¬ 
adelphia),  on  money,  &c.,  XIII.  674,  2  c. 
Webster,  Thomas,  English  painter,  XVI.  534. 
Webster  City,  county  seat,  VIII.  413,  2  c. 
Webster  Court  House,  county  seat,  XVI.  527,  2  c. 
Wedderburn,  Alexander,  British  jurist,  XVI. 

534.  His  attack  upon  Franklin,  VII.  438,  2  a. 
Wedge:  see  Mechanics,  XI.  328,  2  c  (ill.). 
Wedgwood,  Josiali,  English  potter,  XVI.  534; 

XIII.  783,  1  a.  Wedgwood  ware,  1  ab  (ill.) ; 
786,  2  c. 

Wednesday,  XVI.  534. 

Wedowee,  county  seat,  XIV.  199,  1  c. 

W eed,  Thurlo w,  American  j ournalist,  XV 1. 534. 
Week,  XVI.  535.  See  Calendar,  III.  578,  2  b. 
Weenix,  or  Weeninx,  Jan  Baptist  [wa'-niks, 
-ninks],  the  Old,  Dutch  painter,  XVI.  535. 
Jan  the  Younger,  2  be. 

Weeper :  see  Penance,  XIII.  244,  2  c. 

Weeping  philosopher :  see  Heraclitus. 

Weevil,  insect,  XVI.  535.  Grain  weevil,  2  c; 
nut,  536,  1  a;  pea,  1  ab  (ill.);  palm,  1  be; 
pine,  1  c ;  white  pine,  ib.  (ill.,  V.  581) ;  plum  : 
see  Curculio. 

Weft :  see  Weaving,  XVI.  523,  1  a. 
Weg'efarth,  county,  XVI.  536. 

Wehrgeld  [vair'-ghelt] :  see  Blood  Money,  II. 

738,  1  c,  and  III.  755,  2  a. 

Weichsel  [vike'-sel] :  see  Vistula. 

Weigela  [wl-ghe'-la],  shrub,  XVI.  536  (ill.). 
Bush  honeysuckle,  2  c.  Chinese  and  Japan¬ 
ese,  ib. 

Weighing  Machines,  XVI.  537. 

Weigh  lock,  of  a  canal,  III.  681,  2  b  (ill.). 
Weight ,  in  the  prize  ring,  XIV.  75,  2  b. 
Weights  and  Measures,  XVI.  537.  Natural 
measures  of  space  and  time,  2  b.  The  balance, 
or  scales,  2  c.  Plistory:  in  ancient  times, 
538, 1  c  ;  in  England,  2  b,  542, 1  be ;  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  540,  1  c.  Metric  standards,  541,  1  a. 


790 


WEIL 


WERNER 


International  standard  commission,  542,  1  c. 
Summary  of  weights  and  measures,  543-’4. 
Weil,  Gustav  [vile],  German  orientalist,  XVI. 
544. 

Weilen,  Joseph  [vi'-len],  poet,  XVI.  545. 
Weimar  [vl'-mar],  city  of  Germany,  XVI.  545. 
Weimar,  Bernhard,  duke  of:  see  Bernhard. 
Weinland ,  Dr.,  his  classification  of  tape  worms, 

VI.  666, 2  c.  On  the  color  of  birds’  feathers, 

VII.  106,  2  b. 

Weir,  Robert  Walter  [weer],  American  paint¬ 
er,  XVI.  545.  John  Ferguson,  2  ab. 
Weisbach,  Julius  [vice'-bakh],  German  mathe¬ 
matician,  XVI.  545. 

Weishattpt,  Adam  [vice'-howpt],  founder  of 
the  Illuminati,  XVI.  545. 

Weissenburg  [vl'-sen-boorg],  county  of  Hun¬ 
gary  :  see  Stuhl- Weissenburg. 
Weissenburg,  town  of  Alsace,  XVI.  546. 
Weissenburg,  III.  795,  1  b  (Carlsburg). 
Weissenfels  [vi'-sen-felce],  town  of  Prussia, 
XVI.  546. 

Weland ,  mythical  Norse  hero,  II.  562,  1  c. 
Welby,  Amelia  B.,  American  poetess,  XVI.  546. 
Weld,  plant,  XVI.  546  (ill.). 

Weld,  county,  XVI.  546. 

Weld,  Theodore  Dwight,  American  philan¬ 
thropist,  XVI.  546.  Angelina  Emily  Grimke, 
his  wife,  2  c. 

Welf :  see  Guelphs  and  Ghibellines,  VIII. 

296,  1  c;  Dante,  V.  670,  2  b. 

Welhaven,  Johan  Sebastian  Cammermeier 
[vel'-ha-ven],  Norwegian  poet,  XVI.  547. 
Welland,  river  of  Canada,  XVI.  547.  Wel¬ 
land  canal,  ib. ;  III.  687,  2  b. 

Welland,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  547. 
Welland,  county  seat,  XVI.  547,  1  c. 
Wellesley  [welz'-le],  province  of  the  Straits 
Settlements,  XVI.  547. 

Wellesley,  Arthur:  see  Wellington,  duke  of. 
Wellesley,  Richard  Colley,  marquis,  British 
statesman,  XVI.  547. 

Wellington,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  548. 
Wellington,  city  of  New  Zealand,  XVI.  548. 
Wellington,  Arthur  Wellesley,  duke  of,  Brit¬ 
ish  soldier,  XVI.  548.  Referred  to,  XIV. 
229,  2  b. 

Wellington  barracks,  London,  X.  613,  1  b. 
Wellingtonia :  see  Sequoia,  XIV.  772,  2  b. 
uWell  of  souls,”  in  Jerusalem,  IX.  615,  1  be. 
Wells,  county,  XVI.  550. 

Wells,  dark,  in  the  microscope,  XI.  521,  1  c. 

W ells,  David  Ames,  American  economist,  XVI. 
550 ;  XIII.  677,  2  c. 


Wells,  Horace,  American  dentist,  XVI.  551. 
Wells,  Samuel  Roberts,  American  phrenolo¬ 
gist,  XVI.  551. 

Wells,  William  Charles,  British  physician, 
XVI.  551.  Experiments  on  the  formation 
of  dew,  VII.  60,  2  c. 

Wellsborough,  county  seat,  XV.  767,  1  b. 
Wellsburg,  county  seat,  III.  316,  1  c. 
Wellwood:  see  Moncreiff. 

Weis,  Ernst  von  [fon  velce],  German  baron, 
.  advocacy  of  foreign  missions  by,  XI.  640,  1  b. 
Welsh  language ,  IV.  178,  2  b.  Literature, 

179. 1  b. 

Welwitschia,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  551.  W. 
mirabilis,  ib.  (ill.,  552).  Growth  of,  XIII. 
576,  1  b. 

Wen,  tumor,  XVI.  552. 

Wen'ceslas,  German  emperor,  XVI.  552.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  829,  1  c,  2  a.  See  Nepomucen. 
Wends,  Slavic  tribe,  XVI.  552;  III.  209,  2  a,  b; 

X.  724,  2  b.  Southern  Wends  :  see  Winds. 
Wener  [va'-ner],  lake,  Sweden,  XV.  502,  2  a. 
WTensleydale ,  Lord:  see  Parliament,  XIII. 
113,  2  a,  h. 

Wentletrap,  mollusk,  XVI.  553  (ill.);  XI. 
723,  1  c. 

Wentworth,  county,  XVI.  553. 

Wentworth,  county  seat,  XIV.  369,  1  a. 
Wentworth,  Charles  Watson:  see  Rocking¬ 
ham,  marquis  of. 

Wentworth,  Thomas :  see  Strafford  (Index). 
Wentworth,  William,  early  colonist  of  New 
Hampshire,  XVI.  553.  John,  lieutenant 
governor,  2  c.  Benning,  governor,  554, 1  a, 

318. 1  a;  “Lady  Wentworth,”  554,  1  b.  Sir 
John,  governor,  1  be.  John,  patriot  (“Col. 
John,”  or  “Judge  John”),  2  b.  John,  jr., 
patriot,  2  be.  John,  English  lawyer,  2  c. 
John,  American  journalist,  ib. 

Wenzel  [ven'-tsel] :  see  Wenceslas. 

Wenzel  (Karl  Friedrich,  1740-’93),  on  chemical 
equivalents :  see  Chemistry,  IV.  365,  2  b. 
Werburgh ,  St.,  abbey  of,  IV.  389, 1  a  (Chester). 
Wergeland,  Henrik  Arnold  [vair'-geh-land], 
Norwegian  poet,  XVI.  555. 

Wermland  [vairm'-land],  lan  of  Sweden,  XVI. 
555. 

Werner,  Abraham  Gottlob  [vair'-ner],  German 
mineralogist,  XVI.  555  ;  XI.  589, 1  b.  Views 
of  geology,  VII.  688,  2  ab  ;  690,  2  a. 

Werner,  Anton  von,  painter,  XVI.  555. 
Werner,  Friedrich  Ludwig  Zacharias,  drama¬ 
tist,  XVI.  555. 

Werner,  Karl,  painter,  XVI.  555. 


WERNERIANS 


WEST 


791 


Wernerian s :  see  Geology,  VII.  689,  1  b. 

VYesel  [va'-zel],  town  of  Prussia,  XVI.  556. 

Synod  of,  XIV.  254,  2  c. 

Weseb  [va'-zer],  river  of  Germany,  XVI.  556. 
Wesley,  Samuel,  English  clergyman,  XVI. 
556.  Samuel,  teacher,  2  a.  John,  founder 
of  Methodism,  2  b;  his  “Notes  on  the  New 
Testament,”  II.  526,  1  c.  Charles,  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  558,  2  c.  See  Methodism. 
Wesleyan  booh  concern ,  XI.  453,  1  c. 

Wesleyan  grove ,  seat  of  a  Methodist  camp  meet¬ 
ing,  VI.  403,  2  c. 

Wesley ans :  see  Methodism,  XI.  452,  1  b. 
Wesleyan  University,  Connecticut,  XVI.  559 
(view). 

Wesleyan  University,  Ohio,  XVI.  560. 
Wessel,  John  [ves'-sel],  a  “  reformer  before 
the  reformation,”  XVI.  560. 

Wessex,  kingdom  of  the  Saxon  heptarchy, 
XVI.  560. 

West,  Benjamin,  Anglo-  American  painter,  XVI. 

560. 

West,  Stephen,  American  clergyman,  XVI. 561. 
Westall,  Richard,  English  painter,  XVI.  561. 
William,  1  c. 

West  Baton  Rouge,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XVI. 

561. 

West  Bend ,  county  seat,  XVI.  475,  2  b. 

West  Bridgewater  :  see  Bridgewater. 
Westbury ,  Lord  Chancellor  (Richard  Bethell, 
Baron  Westbury,  born  1800,  chancellor 
1861),  referred  to,  III.  264,  2  be. 
Westchester,  county  of  New  York,  XVI.  561. 
West  Chester,  borough  of  Pennsylvania, 
XVI.  561. 

Westcott,  Brooke  Foss,  English  clergyman, 
XVI.  562. 

West  End ,  London,  X.  618,  2  be. 
Westerbotten,  lan  of  Sweden,  XVI.  562. 
Western  Australia,  British  colony,  XVI.  562. 
“  Western  company ,”  grantees  of  Louisiana, 
X.  677,  2  c. 

Western  Empire,  XVI.  563. 

Western  Islands :  see  Azores,  and  Hebrides. 
Wester  Norrland,  lan  of  Sweden,  XVI.  565. 
Western  posts ,  held  by  Great  Britain  in  viola¬ 
tion  of  the  treaty  of  1783,  XVL  161,  2  b ; 
surrender  of  (1796),  2  c. 

Western  Reserve ,  district  of  Ohio,  XII.  602,  2  a. 
Western  Reserve  college ,  IX.  28,  2  ab. 
Westerwald  [ves'-ter-valt],  mountain  range  of 
Germany,  XVL  565. 

Westfalen  [vest'-fa-len] :  see  Westphalia. 
West  Feliciana,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XVL  565. 


West  Flanders :  see  Flanders,  West. 

WYst  Indies,  XVI.  566.  (Map.) 

Westinghouse  air  brake ,  III.  206,  2  a. 

West  Liberty ,  county  seat,-  XI.  827,  1  b. 

West  Lothian :  see  Linlithgowshire. 
Westmacott,  Sir  Richard,  English  sculptor, 
XVL  567.  Richard,  his  son,  1  b. 
Westmanland  [vest'-man-land],  lan  of  Sweden, 
XVI.  567. 

Westmeath,  county  of  Ireland,  XVL  567. 
Westminster,  district  of  London,  X.  591,  2  c. 
Westminster  bridge,  592, 1  ab.  Westminster 
hall,  610,  2  a.  New  palace  of,  609,  2  a. 
School,  604,  1  c. 

Westminster,  county  seat,  IV.  29,  1  b. 
Westminster  Abbey  :  see  London,  X.  600, 1  a 

'  (ill-). 

Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  XVI.  567. 
“  Confession  of  Faith,”  568,  1  b  ;  XIII.  810, 
2  c.  Westminster  catechism,  XVI.  567,  1  c. 
“ Westminster  Review,'1'1  II.  538,  1  a;  XIII. 
295,  2  ab. 

Westmore'land,  two  counties,  United  States, 
XVL  568. 

West'moreland,  county  of  England,  XVL  569. 
Westmorland,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  569. 
Westmorland,  England:  see  Westmoreland. 
Weston,  city  of  Missouri,  XVL  569. 

Weston,  county  seat,  X.  383,  1  b. 

Westover  manuscripts ,  III.  507,  2  c  (Byrd). 
Westpha'les,  Saxon  tribe,  XVI.  569,  2  c. 
Westphalia,  province  of  Prussia,  XVI.  569. 
Duchy  of,  2  c.  Circle  of,  ib.  Kingdom  of, 
570,  1  ab ;  III.  27,  2  a.  Peace  (or  treaty) 
of:  see  Thirty  Years’  War  (Index). 

West  Plains,  county  seat,  IX.  22,  2  a. 

West  Point,  village  of  New  York,  XVI.  570 
(view) ;  IX.  30, 1  ab.  U.  S.  military  academy, 
XVL  570,  2  a;  XI.  538,  1  b. 

West  Point,  county  seats,  V.  53,  1  be ;  569,  2  a. 
West  Troy,  village  of  New  York,  XVI.  572. 
West  Union,  county  seats,  I.  82,  1  b ;  VI.  174, 
1  c;  VII.  102,  1  c. 

Westville,  county  seat,  XV.  60,  2  b. 

West  Virginia,  state,  XVI.  572.  State  seal 
(ill.),  ib.  Population,  2  c.  Topography, 
573,  1  c.  Flora,  2  be.  Minerals,  2  c ;  min¬ 
eral  springs,  574,  2  ab.  Climate,  2  b.  Agri¬ 
culture,  ib.  Manufactures,  575,  1  ab.  In¬ 
tercommunication,  2  b.  Commerce,  2  be. 
Government,  2  c.  Finances,  576,  2  a.  Pub¬ 
lic  institutions,  2  be.  Education,  2  c.  Li- 
'  • 

braries,  newspapers,  &c.,  577,  2  ab.  Religious 
organizations,  2  b.  History,  2  c. 


792 


WESTWOOD 


WHEEL 


Westicood  (John  Obadiah,  born  1805,  professor 
of  zoology  at  Oxford),  classification  of  in¬ 
sects  by,  VI.  662,  1  a. 

Wether  ell ,  Sir  Charles  (1770-1846,  attorney 
general),  allusion  to,  III.  293,  1  c. 

Wetherell ,  Elizabeth ,  pseudonyme :  see  War¬ 
ner,  Susan. 

Wet-lime  process,  for  purifying  gas,  VII.  637,  lb. 

Wetmore,  county,  XVI.  578. 

Wetstein :  see  Wettstein. 

Wette,  Wilhelm  Martin  Leberecht  de  :  see  De 
Wette. 

Wetter  [vet'-ter],  lake,  Sweden,  XV.  502,  2  a. 

Wettstein,  Johann  Jakob  [vet'-stine],  Swiss 
scholar,  XVI.  578. 

Wetumplca ,  county  seat,  VI.  553,  1  a. 

Wet'zel,  county,  XVI.  578. 

Wexford,  county  of  Michigan,  XVI.  578. 

Wexford,  county  of  Ireland,  XVI.  578.  Capi¬ 
tal,  579,  1  a. 

Weyer’s  Cave,  Virginia,  XVI.  579. 

Weyhill,  fair  of,  I.  481,  1  a ;  VII.  58,  2  ah. 

Weymouth  [wa'-muth],  town  of  Massachusetts, 
XVI.  579. 

Whale,  XVI.  579.  Baleen  'whales,  580,  1  b ; 
right,  or  Greenland,  1  c  (ill.) ;  southern,  or 
cape,  2  c;  black,  XIV.  430,  2  a.  Sperm 
whales,  XVI.  581, 1  a  (ills,).  Bottle-nosed: 
see  Dolphin,  VI.  192,  2  ab ;  white,  or  be¬ 
luga,  193, 1  a;  howling,  1  ab.  Bottle-nosed 
of  Honfleur,  XVI.  581,  2  c ;  toothless,  ib. 
Fossil  whales,  ib.  Age  of,  I.  182,  2  c. 

Whale  bait,  XI.  722,  1  c. 

Whalebone,  XVI.  582;  VIII.  817,  1  c.  Of 
the  rorqual,  XIV.  429,  2  ab. 

Whale  Fishery,  XVI.  582.  Outfit,  1  be. 
Capture  of  whales,  2  a.  From  the  United 
States,  583,  1  b ;  Great  Britain,  2  b.  His¬ 
tory,  2  c. 

Whale  louse,  XVI.  579,  2  c. 

Whale  oil,  process  of  “  trying  out,”  XVI.  583, 

1  ab. 

Whalley,  Edicard  (general) :  see  Goffe,  Wil¬ 
liam  (Index). 

Wharton,  county,  XVI.  584. 

Wharton,  county  seat,  XVI.  584,  1  c. 

Wharton,  Francis,  American  author,  XVI.  584. 

Wharton,  Grace  and  Philip ,  pseudonvmes 
XV.  718,  2  a. 

Wharton,  Henry,  English  clergyman,  XVI. 

584. 

Wharton,  Thomas,  English  physician,  XVI. 

585.  Wharton’s  duct,  ib. ;  XIV.  566,  1  be. 

Wharton,  Thomas  Wharton,  marquis  of,  Eng¬ 


lish  statesman,  XVI.  584.  Philip  Wharton 
duke  of,  2  c. 

Whatcom  [hwat'-kum],  county,  XVI.  585. 

Whatcom,  county  seat,  XVI.  585,  2  a. 

Wiiately,  Richard,  English  prelate,  XVI.  585. 
His  “  Elements  of  Logic,”  X.  581,  1  a. 

Wheat,  XVI.  585.  Wheat  genus,  2  c.  Cul¬ 
tivation  of,  586,  1  c,  ff*.  Varieties,  2  c; 
spring,  ib. ;  winter,  ib.,  587,  1  a  (ills.). 
“Mummy  wheat,”  2  ab ;  Egyptian,  2  b; 
one-grained,  or  St.  Peter’s  corn,  2  c  (ill.) ; 
spelt,  ib.  (ill.).  Constituents  of  wheat,  588, 
1  a.  Flour,  1  ab ;  wheat  grain,  ib.  (ill.) ; 
wheaten  grits,  2  b.  Wheat  straw,  2  be; 
attacked  by  mildew  (ill.),  VII.  532,  2  a. 

Wheat  Fly,  XVI.  588  (ill.,  589). 

Wheat  grass,  V.  420,  2  be  (Couch  Grass). 

Wheatley,  Phillis,  negro  poetess,  XVI.  589. 

Wheat  Moth,  XVI.  589.  Corn  moth,  1  c 
(ill.).  Angoumois  grain  moth,  2  ab. 

Wheaton,  Henry,  American  publicist,  XVI. 
589.  Editions  of  his  “  Elements  of  Inter¬ 
national  Law,”  590,  2  a;  V.  661,  1  be;  X. 
235,  2  c.  Definition  of  the  law  of  nations, 
X.  222,  1  ab. 

Wheatstone,  Sir  Charles,  English  physicist, 
XVI.  590.  His  invention  of  the  polar  clock, 
X.  451,  1  b.  Experiments  in  acoustics,  XV, 
174,  2  c.  Stereoscope,  376,  1  c  (ill.).  Sys¬ 
tem  of  telegraphs  for  cities,  620, 1  b.  Dura¬ 
tion  of  an  electric  spark  measured  by,  VI. 
508,  1  a  (ill.). 

Whedon,  Daniel  Denison,  American  clergy¬ 
man,  XVI.  591. 

Wheel,  XVI.  591.  Varieties,  1  b.  Train  of 
wheels,  2  a.  Carriage  wheels,  2  b ;  car, 
592,  1  b ;  water,  2  b  :  see  Turbine. — Con¬ 
struction  of  a  coach  wheel,  IV.  724,  1  c. 
Wheel  and  axle,  XI.  327,  1  b  (ills.).  Potter’s 
throwing  wheel,  XIII.  787,  2  ab  (ills.). 
Broad  tread  car  wheels,  XIV.  173,  2  c. 

Wheel,  instrument  of  torture,  referred  to,  XV. 
815,  1  c. 

Wheeler,  Prof,  his  preparation  of  calomel,  HI. 
624,  2  c. 

Wheeler,  Sir  Hugh,  British  commander  at 
Cawnpore,  IV.  158,  2  a. 

Wheeler,  William  Adolphus,  American  lexi 
cographer,  XVI.  593. 

Wheeling,  city  of  West  Virginia,  XVI.  593. 

Wheelock,  Eleazar,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  594.  John,  1  c.  See  Dartmouth 
College,  V.  695,  2  a,  If. 

Wheel  stones :  see  Encrinite,  VI.  593,  1  c. 


WHEELWRIGHT 


WHITE 


793 


Wheelwright,  John,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  594. 

Wheelwright,  William,  capitalist,  XYI.  594. 
Whelk,  mollusk,  XYI.  595  (ill.) ;  XI.  723,  1  c. 
WnEWELL,  William  [hu'-el],  English  philoso¬ 
pher,  XYI.  595.  Referred  to,  XIII.  446,  2  c. 
WhewelVs  anemometer ,  I.  489,  2  a. 

Whig  and  Tory,  XYI.  595.  Tory  party  in  the 
United  States,  596, 1  a  ;  whig,  ib.,  1. 104,  2  c. 
Whiggamore ,  XYI.  595,  2  a  (Whig  and  Tory). 
Whimbrel:  see  Curlew,  Y.  584,  1  be. 

Whin:  see  Ules.  Another:  see  Woodwaxen. 
Whin  Chat  :  see  Stone  CnAT. 

Whip ,  of  windmill,  XYI.  661,  2  be. 

Whip ,  the ,  challenge  trophy,  XYI.  48,  1  c. 
Whipple,  Abraham,  American  naval  officer, 
XYI.  596. 

Whipple,  Edwin  Percy,  author,  XYI.  596. 
Whipple,  William,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XYI.  596. 

Whippoorwill,  bird,  XVI.  596  (ill.). 
Whip-Tom-Kelly:  see  Vireo,  XYI.  369,  2  b. 
Whirlicote ,  kind  of  carriage,  IY.  723,  1  a. 
Whirlwind,  XYI.  597. 

Whisker ,  part  of  the  beard,  II.  420,  2  b. 
Whiskey,  XYI.  597.  Manufacture  of  in  Scot¬ 
land,  YI.  141,  2  c.  Adulteration  of,  I.  134, 
1  a.  Whiskey  barrel,  II.  336,  1  a. 

“Whiskey -jack”  young  jay,  IX.  580,  1  a. 
Whiskey  liver ,  disease,  YI.  266,  1  b. 

Whiskey  rebellion  or  insurrection ,  XIII.  271, 

1  ab ;  X.  304,  1  ab ;  XYI.  489,  2  be.  Re¬ 
ferred  to,  VII.  23,  2  a;  572,  2  b;  III.  178, 

2  ab ;  XI.  541,  2  a. 

Whist,  game  of  cards,  XYI.  598.  Modern 
rules  of  short  whist  (text),  599,  1  a. 

Whistle,  steam  alarm,  I.  239,  1  a. 

Whistler,  George  Washington,  American  en¬ 
gineer,  XYI.  601. 

Whiston,  William,  English  clergyman, XVI.  601. 
Whitaker,  John,  clergyman,  XYI.  601. 
Whitbread,  Samuel,  statesman,  XYI.  602. 
Whitby,  town  of  Canada,  XYI.  602. 

Whitby,  Daniel,  English  clergyman,  XYI.  602. 
WniTE :  see  Color.  Permanent  white,  adul¬ 
terating  pigment,  XY.  453,  2  c. 

White,  name  of  five  counties,  XYI.  602. 
White,  Andrew  Dickson,  American  scholar, 
XVI.  602. 

White,  Gilbert,  English  naturalist,  XYI.  603. 

On  the  pulvilli  of  flies,  YII.  294,  2  a. 

White,  Henry  Kirke,  English  poet,  XYI.  603. 
White,  James,  explorer,  V.  107,  2  c. 

White,  JosephBlanco,  English  author, XYI.603. 


White,  Peregrine,  first  English  child  born  in 
New  England,  XVI.  603. 

White,  Richard  Grant,  American  author,  XYI. 
603. 

White,  William,  American  bishop,  XYI.  604. 
White  Ant:  see  Termites. 

White'bait,  fish,  XYI.  604  (ill.). 

White  Bear  (polar  bear)  :  see  Bear,  II.  417, 

1  c  (ill.). 

White  Brethren:  see  Brethren,  White. 
White' cap,  raspberry,  XI Y.  210,  1  c. 

“  White  companions ,”  freebooters,  IY.  662,  1  a. 
White  copper,  XYI.  817,  1  be  (Zinc). 

White  crow,  condor  so  called,  Y.  218,  2  b. 
Whitefield,  George  [hwit'-feeld],  English  cler¬ 
gyman,  XYI.  604.  Whitefield  Methodists, 
XI.  453,  2  b.  Whitefield’s  chapel  in  Lon¬ 
don,  X.  598,  2  b. 

White  Fish,  XYI.  605. 

Whitejish  (white  whale),  YI.  193,  1  a. 

White  flux,  for  assaying,  Y.  469,  1  c. 

White  granite  ware,  XIII.  790,  2  b. 

White  gunpowder,  YII.  38,  1  c. 

Whitehall',  village  of  New  York,  XYI.  605. 
Whiteha'ven,  seaport  of  England,  XYI.  605. 
White'head,  William,  English  poet,  XYI.  605. 
White  Horse ,  Saxon  or  Danish  monument,  II. 

562,  1  c.  Scouring  of  the,  ib. 

White  house:  see  Washington,  city  (Index). 
White  Knives,  American  Indians,  XY.  6,  2  a. 
White  ladies :  see  Fairies,  YII.  64, 1  b.  White 
lady  of  Avenel,  ib. 

White  Lead  :  see  Lead,  X.  245,  2  ab,  ff. 
Whitelocke,  Bulstrode  [hwit'-lok],  English 
statesman,  XYI.  605. 

White  man's  fly  (bee),  II.  456,  2  c. 

White  man's  foot  (plantain),  XIII.  594,  2  c. 
White  metal:  see  Britannia  Metal. 

White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  XYI. 

606.  Allusion  to,  I.  589,  2  b. 

White  nun,  bird,  XY.  112,  2  c. 

White  Pine,  county,  XYI.  607. 

WniTE  Plains,  town  of  New  York,  XYI.  607. 
Battle  of,  2  c. 

White  pom  fret,  fish,  XI.  60,  1  b. 

White  rabbit ,  VIII.  457,  1  b  (Hare). 

White  rainbow,  VIII.  406,  1  a. 

WniTE  River:  see  Arkansas,  I.  714,  1  ab. 
White  river,  Indiana,  IX.  233,  1  be. 

White  river  (Nile),  I.  166,  2  b.  See  Nile. 
White's,  club,  London,  X.  607,  2  be. 

Whites,  the,  Ghibelline  faction,  VIII.  297,  1  be. 
Whitesburg ,  county  seat,  X.  373,  2  b. 

White  Sea,  XYI.  608. 


794 


WHITESIDES 


WIEN 


Whitesides,  county,  XVI.  608. 

White’s  process,  for  making  gas,  VII.  640,  2  a. 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  village  of  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  XVI.  608. 

White  Swelling,  disease,  XVI.  608. 

White  Syrians ,  Semitic  race,  III.  759,  1  b. 
White-top ,  grass,  VIII.  168,  1  a. 

Whiteville ,  county  seat,  V.  123,  1  b. 
Whitewater  river ,  of  Missouri,  IV.  88,  1  b.  Of 
Indiana,  IX.  233,  1  b. 

Whiteweed:  see  Daisy,  V.  638,  2  a. 
Whitewood:  see  Tulip  Tree,  XVI.  28,  la; 

Alburnum,  I.  259,  1  c. 

Whitfield,  county,  XVI.  609. 

Whitfield,  George:  see  Whitefield. 
Whitgift,  John,  English  prelate,  XVI.  609. 
Whiting:  see  Hake,  VIII.  385,  1  a,  c. 
Whiting :  see  Chalk,  IV.  232,  1  b. 

Whiting ,  Richard ,  abbot :  see  Glastonbury. 
Whiting,  William,  American  lawyer,  XVI.  609. 
Whitley,  two  counties,  XVI.  609. 

Whitley  C.  H '.,  count}1-  seat,  XVI.  609,  2  b. 
Whitlock ,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  {Kemble),  IX.  784, 1  c. 
Whitlow,  abscess,  XVI.  609. 

Whitman,  county,  XVI.  610. 

Whitman,  Sarah  Helen,  American  poetess, 
XVI.  610.  (Died  1878.) 

Whitman,  Walt,  American  poet,  XVI.  610. 
Whitney,  Eh,  American  inventor,  XVI.  610. 

Invention  of  the  cotton  gin,  V.  406,  1  ab. 
Whitney,  Josiah  Dwight,  American  geologist, 
XVI.  610. 

Whitney,  Mrs.  Myra  Clark:  see  Gaines,  VII. 
554,  2  b. 

Whitney,  William  Dwight,  American  philolo¬ 
gist,  XVI.  610.  His  opinion  of  the  chro¬ 
nology  of  Sanskrit  literature,  IX.  222,  2  c. 
Views  on  the  origin  of  language,  X.  146,  2  c, 
147,  1  b,  148,  1  c.  His  physical  scheme  of 
the  English  spoken  alphabet,  XIII.  458,  2  ab. 
Whitneyville,  Conn,  (suburb  of  New  Haven), 
XVI.  610,  2  b. 

Whitsunday :  see  Whitsuntide  (Index). 
Whit'suntide:  see  Pentecost,  XIII.  277,  1  ab. 
Whit'temore,  Amos,  American  inventor,  XVI. 
611.  Machine  for  making  cards,  ib. ;  III. 
781,  2  be. 

W hittemore,  Thomas,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  611. 

Whittier,  John  Greenleaf  [hwit'-te-er],  Amer¬ 
ican  poet,  XVI.  611 ;  198,  1  c. 

Whittingham,  William  Rollinson,  American 
bishop,  XVI.  612. 

Whitworth,  Sir  Joseph,  English  mechanician, 


XVI.  612.  “Whitworth  scholarships,”!  b. 
Whitworth  gun,  I.  793,  1  c-2  a  (ill.) ;  III. 
712,  1  c  (ill.). 

Whooping  Cough  [hoop'-ing],  XVI.  612. 
Whortleberry,  XVI.  612.  Black,  613,  1  be 
(ill.);  dwarf,  1  c.  Dangleberry,  ib.  (ill.). 
Cowberry,  2  a  (ill.).  Dwarf  blueberry,  2  be ; 
swamp,  614,  1  b  (ill.). 

Whydah,  port  of  Dahomey,  V.  634,  2  c. 
Whydah  Bird:  see  Weaver  Bird,  XVI.  522, 
2  ab. 

Whydah  finch :  see  Whydah  Bird  (Index). 
Whydah  vampire  bat,  VI.  635,  1  b. 

Whymper,  Edward,  English  traveller,  XVI. 

614.  Frederick,  2  a. 

Wiblingen :  see  Waiblingen  (Index). 

Wichern,  Johann  Heinrich  [ve'-'Aern],  German 
philanthropist,  XVI.  614. 

Wiclie's  Land  [ve'-chez],  discovery  of,  XV.  279, 
2  ab. 

Wichita  [wish'-e-taw],  two  counties,  XVI.  614. 
Wichita  mountains,  IX.  246,  2  a,  c. 

Wick,  of  a  candle,  proper  construction  of,  III. 
699,  1  b. 

Wicket,  in  the  game  of  cricket,  V.  482,  1  c. 

Single  or  double,  2  a. 

Wickliffe:  see  Wycliffe. 

Wicklow,  county  of  Ireland,  XVI.  614.  Capi¬ 
tal,  615,  1  a. 

Wicky,  plant,  IX.  737,  2  c. 

Wiclif:  see  Wycliffe. 

Wicom'ico,  county,  XVI.  615.  River,  1  a. 
Wic'opy,  shrub,  XVI.  615  (ill.).  Other  names, 
2  b. 

Widdin:  see  Widin. 

Wide-gab  (goose  fish),  VIII.  109,  2  c. 

Widgeon,  river  duck,  XVI.  615.  European, 
616,  1  ab  (ill.,  615).  American,  615,  2  c; 
III.  733,  2  a. 

Widin  [vid'-in],  town  of  Bulgaria,  XVI.  616. 
WidmannstaetV  s  figures  [vid'-man-stets],  in 
aerolites,  I.  145,  1  c  (ill.). 

Widow ,  arms  of,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  a. 
Widow  Bird:  see  Weaver  Bird,  XVI.  522, 2  ab. 
Widow's  cross,  plant,  XIV.  751,  2  c. 

Wied,  Prince  of  [veet] :  see  Neuwied. 
Wiedemann  and  Franz  [ve'-deli-man,  frants], 
on  conduction  of  heat,  VIII.  572,  1  be. 
Wied-Neuwied,  princes  of,  XII.  262,  2  a. 
Wieland,  Christoph  Martin  [ve'-lant],  German 
author,  XVI.  616. 

Wieliczka  [vyeh-litch'-ka] :  see  Salt,  XIV. 
571,  1  ab. 

Wien  [veen]:  see  Vienna. 


WIENER 


WILLAMETTE 


795 


Wiener  Wald  [ve'-ner  valt],  IX.  732,  2  c. 

Wieniawski,  Henri  [vyeh-nyav'-ske],  Polish 
violinist,  XVI.  G17. 

Wier's  cave  :  see  W eyee’s  Cave. 

Wieetz,  Antoine  Joseph  [veerts],  Belgian 
painter,  XVI.  617.  Wiertz  museum,  2  b. 

Wierus  (Johann  Wier  or  Weier,  1515-’88,  phy¬ 
sician  to  the  duke  of  Cleves,  opponent  of 
belief  in  sorcery),  demonographer,  his  infer¬ 
nal  court,  V.  794,  2  c. 

Wiesbaden-  [veece'-ba-den],  city  of  Prussia, 
XVI.  617. 

Wieselbueg  [ve'-zel-boorg],  county  of  Hun¬ 
gary,  XVI.  618. 

■Wife  :  see  Husband  and  Wife,  and  Maeeiage. 

Wife,  arms  of  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  a. 

Wig,  XVI.  618.  Wig  and  gown,  X.  237,  2  b. 

Wig' an,  borough  of  England,  XVI.  618. 

Wigand  [ve'-gant],  humorous  priest,  IX.  732, 2  c. 

Wigglers ,  larvse  in  stagnant  waters,  VI.  129, 
1  b ;  VIII.  50,  2  c. 

Wight,  Isle  of,  England,  XVI.  618. 

Wight,  Peter  Bonnett,  American  architect, 
XVI.  619. 

Wightman,  William  May,  clergyman,  XVI.  619. 

Wigtonshiee,  county  of  Scotland,  XVI.  619. 

Wilbeefoece,  William,  English  philanthropist, 
XVI.  619.  Robert  Isaac,  clergyman,  2  c. 
Samuel,  bishop,  620,  1  a. 

Wilbeoed,  or  Willibrod,  Saint,  XVI.  620. 

Wilbur ,  Dr.  Hervey  B .,  superintendent  of 
schools  for  idiots,  IX.  173,  2  c ;  174,  1  a. 
Dr.  Charles  T.,  175,  1  a. 

Wilcox,  two  counties,  XVI.  620. 

“  Wild  boar  of  the  Ardennesf  X.  417,  1  c. 

Wild  Cat:  see  Cat,  IV.  92,  2  b  (ill.),  and 
Lynx,  X.  754,  1  b. 

Wild  celery ,  III.  733,  1  be ;  XVI.  249,  2  b. 

Wild  cow ,  of  Celebes,  IV.  168,  2  b. 

Wilde,  Richard  Henry,  American  author,  XVI. 
620. 

Wilde  Beest  [wil'-deh  baist] :  see  Gnu. 

Wilde  honden ,  IX.  101,  2  c  (Hyaena). 

Wilder ,  Prof  B.  G.  (of  Cornell  university), 
anatomical  theory  of,  XIII.  429,  2  a. 

Wildeeness,  Battles  of  the,  XVI.  620;  X. 
307,  2  c;  VIII.  159,  1  b. 

Wild  garlic  or  leek ,  X.  312,  2  c  ;  VII.  624,  2  c. 

Wild  lemon ,  XIII.  633,  1  c. 

Wild  rock  pigeon,  IV.  27,  2  a. 

Wild  women :  see  Faieies,  VII.  64,  2  c. 

Wiley,  Isaac  William,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  622. 

Wilfeed,  Saint,  bishop  of  York,  XVI.  623. 


Wilhelm,  Karl  [vil'-helm],  German  musician, 
XVI.  623. 

Wilhelmshaven  [vil'-helmce-ha-fen],  seaport 
town  of  Germany,  XVI-.  623. 

WiLnELMSHonE  [-ho-eh] :  see  Cassel,  IV.  63, 

1  b  (view). 

Wilibald,  Saint  (brother  of  St.  Walpurgis,  died 
about  785),  VI.  481,  1  b. 

Wilibald  Alexis  :  see  IIaeing. 

Wilibaldsburg  [ve'-le-balts-poorg],  castle,  VI. 
481,  1  b. 

Wilkes,  two  counties,  XVI.  623. 

Wilkes,  Charles,  American  naval  officer,  XVI. 
623.  Affair  of  the  Trent,  624, 1  ab  ;  176, 1  b ; 
X.  227,  2  c.  His  geographical  discoveries, 
VII.  685,  2  a.  First  to  determine  longitude 
by  electro-magnetic  telegraph,  X.  628,  1  be. 
(Died  1877.) 

Wilkes,  John,  English  politician,  XVI.  624. 
Contest  with  the  Grenville  administration 
referred  to,  VII.  707,  1  c. 

Wilkesbaeee  [wilks'-bar-re],  city  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  XVI.  624.  Origin  of  the  name,  625, 1  b. 
Wilkesborough,  county  seat,  XVI.  623,  2  a. 
Wilkie,  Sir  David,  Scottish  painter,  XVI.  625. 
Wilkin,  county,  XVI.  625. 

Wilkins,  Sir  Charles,  English  orientalist,  XVI. 
625. 

Wilkins,  John,  English  prelate,  XVI.  625. 
Wilkinson,  two  counties,  XVI.  626. 
Wilkinson,  James,  American  soldier,  XVI.  626. 
Wilkinson,  Jemima,  fanatic,  XVI.  626. 
Wilkinson,  Sir  John  Gardner,  English  Egyp¬ 
tologist,  XVI.  626.  On  Egyptian  iron  mines 
and  iron  utensils,  IX.  389,  2  be. 

Wilkinson,  John  James  Garth,  English  au¬ 
thor,  XVI.  627. 

Will,  in  law,  XVI.  627.  By  whom  property 
may  be  disposed  of  by  will,  1  c.  What  men¬ 
tal  incapacity  invalidates  a  will,  2  a.  Case 
of  a  married  woman  by  common  law,  2  b. 
Verbal  form,  ib.  Execution  and  attestation, 

2  c.  Revocation  of,  628,  1  ab.  Republica¬ 
tion,  1  c.  Construction  of,  2  a.  See  Legacy, 
and  Peobate. 

Will,  county,  XVI.  628. 

Will,  the,  reference  to  Cameron’s  theory  of, 
III.  655,  2  a ;  Edwards’s,  VI.  444,  1  a ;  Spi¬ 
noza’s,  XV.  273,  1  be;  Leibnitz’s,  X.  325, 
1  b ;  implied  in  the  system  of  Arminius,  I. 
731,  1  ab,  and  of  Calvin,  III.  632,  2  b,  c. 
Willaert  [wil'-lart],  composer,  XII.  89,  1  a. 
Willamette  Rivee  [wil-la'-inet] :  see  Oeegon, 
XII.  678,  2  c. 


796 


WILLARD 


WILLOW 


Willard,  Emma,  American  educator, XVI.  628. 

Willard's  bromus ,  grass,  IV.  384,  1  c. 

“  Will  Bigamy ,"  sobriquet,  V.  443,  2  a. 

Willdenow,  Karl  Ludwig  [vil'-deh-no],  German 
botanist,  XVI.  629. 

Willems,  Florent,  Belgian  painter,  XVI.  629. 

William  I.,  the  Conqueror,  king  of  England, 
XVI.  629.  His  claims  to  the  crown  favored 
by  Pope  Alexander  II.,  I.  279,  1  b.  His  mar¬ 
riage  legalized  by  papal  dispensation,  X.  142, 
2  b.  Ruins  of  castle  built  by  him,  470,  1  b. 

William  II.,  king  of  England,  XVI.  630. 

William  III.,  king  of  England  and  stadtholder 
of  Holland,  XVI.  630.  Victory  at  Agbrim, 
I.  187,  1  b. 

William  IV.,  king  of  England,  XVI.  631. 

William  I.,  king  of  Prussia  and  emperor  of 
Germany,  XVI.  632. 

William  I.,  king  of  the  Netherlands,  XVI.  633. 

William  II.,  king  of  the  Netherlands,  XVI.  633. 

William  III.,  king  of  the  N etherlands,  XVI. 633. 

William  I.,  king  of  Wiirtemberg,  XVI.  634. 

WTlliam,  duke  of  Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel : 
see  Brunswick,  House  of,  III.  364,  2  a 
(Frederick  William,  duke  of  Brunswick). 

William  I.  and  II.,  electors  of  Hesse-Cassel : 
see  Hesse-Cassel,  VIII.  707,  1  c,  2  a. 

William  and  Mart,  College  of,  XVI.  634  (ill.). 

William  Jewell  college ,  X.  401,  1  b. 

William  of  Aquitaine ,  count ,  II.  573,  2  b. 

William  of  Champeaux  [sliang-poJ,  French 
scholar,  XVI.  635. 

William  of  Malmesbury  :  see  Malmesbury, 
William  of. 

William  of  Nassau,  the  Silent,  prince  of 
Orange,  XVI.  635.  Adopts  the  reformed 
faith,  636, 1  b.  Intrusted  with  full  authority 
by  the  estates  of  Holland,  2  a.  Indepen¬ 
dence  of  the  United  Provinces,  2  be.  As¬ 
sassinated,  637,  1  a.  Characterization,  ib. 

William  of  Occam :  see  Occam. 

William  of  Wykeham  [wik'-um],  English 
statesman,  XVI.  637. 

William  Rufus:  see  William  II.,  of  England. 

William  the  Lion  :  see  Scotland,  XIV.  704, 
2  be. 

Williams,  two  counties,  XVI.  637. 

Williams ,  David,  one  of  Andre’s  captors,  I. 
483,  1  a. 

Williams,  Eleazar,  American  clergyman,  XVI. 
637.  “  The  Lost  Prince,”  2  c. 

Williams,  Ephraim,  American  soldier,  XVI. 
637.  Founder  of  Williams  college,  638, 1  a; 
642  1  c. 


Williams,  Helen  Maria,  English  authoress, 
XVI.  638. 

Williams,  Jesse  L.,  American  engineer,  XVI. 
638. 

Williams,  John,  American  clergyman,  “  the 
redeemed  captive,”  XVI.  638. 

Williams,  John,  English  missionary,  XVI.  638. 
Williams,  Monier,  English  orientalist,  XVI.  639. 
Williams,  Roger,  founder  of  Rhode  Island 
colony,  XVI.  639.  Denial  of  the  magistrates’ 
right  to  punish  for  any  but  civil  offences,  1  c. 
Banished  by  the  general  court,  2  b.  Funda¬ 
mental  article  in  the  government  of  the  town 
of  Providence,  640,  1  b. 

Williams,  Rowland,  English  clergyman,  XVI. 
641. 

Williams,  Samuel  Wells,  American  sinologue, 
XVI.  641. 

Williams,  William,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XVI.  641. 

Williams,  William  R.,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  641. 

Williamsburg,  city  of  Virginia,  XVI.  641. 
Williamsburg,  county,  XVI.  642. 
Williamsburg,  county  seat,  V.  439,  2  b. 
Williamsburgh,  N.  Y. :  see  Brooklyn,  III. 

317,  2  c;  318,  1  a;  327,  1  a. 

Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  XVI.  642. 
Williamson,  three  counties,  XVI.  643. 
Williamson,  Hugh,  physician,  XVI.  643. 
Williamsport,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XVI.  643. 
Williamsport ,  county  seat,  XVI.  461,  1  a. 
Williamston,  county  seat,  XI.  207,  2  c. 
Williamstown,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XVI. 

643.  Origin  of  the  name,  642,  2  a. 
Williamstown,  county  seat,  VIII.  155,  1  b. 
Willibrod  :  see  Wilbeord. 

Willis,  Francis,  English  clergyman,  XVI.  644. 
Willis,  Nathaniel,  American  journalist,  XVI. 

644.  Nathaniel  Parker,  author,  1  b ;  196, 
1  c,  198,  1  b. 

Willis,  Thomas,  English  physician,  XVI.  644. 

“  Circle  of  Willis,”  2  be ;  I.  458,  2  b. 

Willis's  rooms,  London,  I.  340, 1  b  (Almack’s). 
W illiston,  Samuel,  American  philanthropist, 
XVI.  644. 

Willius,  Sigbrit:  see  Sigbrit  Willius  (Index). 
Will  o'  the  wisp,  IX.  177,  2  ab. 

Willoughby,  Sir  Hugh,  English  explorer,  XVI. 
645  ;  I.  669,  1  a. 

Willow,  plant,  XVI.  645.  Flowers,  1  c  (ilk). 
White,  646, 1  b  ;  golden,  or  yellow  osier,  1  c ; 
blue,  ib.  Brittle  or  crack  willow,  2  a ;  va¬ 
rieties,  2  c.  Weeping,  647,  1  a  (ill.,  646); 


WILLOW 


WINDSOR 


797 


American,  1  b;  Kilmarnock,  ib.  Shining 
(glossy),  1  c  (ill.,  646).  Herb-like,  2  a  (ill.). 
See  Osier. 

Willow  family ,  of  plants,  XIII.  711,  1  be. 
Willow  fly :  see  Mayfly,  XI.  302,  1  b. 

Willow  grouse ,  bird,  XIV.  60,  2  b  (ill.). 
Willowing ,  of  cotton,  V.  413,  2  a. 

Will's  co fee  house ,  London,  referred  to,  VI. 
277,  2  b. 

W illughb y,  Francis  [wiF-lo-be],  English  natu¬ 
ralist,  XVI.  647.  His  classification  of  birds, 
XII.  704,  2  b. 

Willying,  of  wool,  XVI.  718,  2  a. 

Wilmington,  city  of  Delaware,  XVI.  647  (ill.). 
Wilmington,  city  of  North  Carolina,  XVI.  648. 
Wilmington ,  county  seat,  IV.  685,  1  c. 

Wilmot,  John :  see  Rochester,  earl  of. 

Wilmot  proviso  (David  Wilmot,  1814— ’68,  M.  C. 
1845-51,  U.  S.  senator  1861-’3,  afterward  a 
U.  S.  judge),  VII.  472,  2  ab ;  XVI.  169,  2  b. 
Wilna  [vil'-na],  government  of  Russia,  XVI. 

649.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Wilson,  four  counties,  XVI.  649. 

Wilson,  county  seat,  XVI.  650,  1  a. 

Wilson,  Alexander,  American  ornithologist, 
XVI.  650. 

Wilson,  Augusta  (Evans),  novelist,  XVI.  650. 
Wilson,  Daniel,  English  prelate,  XVI.  650. 
Wilson,  Daniel,  British  author,  XVI.  651. 
Wilson ,  Gen.  (James  H.),  his  management  of 
cavalry,  IV.  147,  2  a,  ff. 

Wilson,  Henry,  vice  president  of  the  United 
States,  XVI.  651. 

Wilson,  Horace  Hayman,  English  orientalist, 
XVI.  652. 

Wilson,  James,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  XVI.  652.  Bird,  American 
clergyman,  2  a. 

Wilson,  John,  Scottish  author,  XVI.  652. 

James,  naturalist,  653,  1  b. 

Wilson,  Richard,  English  painter,  XVI.  653. 

W  ilson,  Sir  Robert  Thomas,  English  general, 
XVI.  653. 

Wilson,  William  Dexter,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  653.  His  system  of  logic,  X.  581,  2  c. 
Wilts :  see  Wiltshire. 

Wiltshire,  county  of  England,  XVI.  653. 
Wiltzes ,  Slavic  tribe,  referred  to,  III.  209,  2  a 
Wimmer ,  Rev.  Boniface ,  American  Benedictine 
abbot,  II.  520,  1  c. 

Wimpffen,  Emmanuel  Felix  de  [vangp-fung ;  Ger. 
vimp'-fen],  French  soldier,  XVI.  654.  Re 
ferred  to,  III.  54,  2  a,  c. 

Winamac ,  county  seat,  XIV.  78,  1  c. 


Winceby  field,  battle  of,  V.  502,  1  ab. 

VTnchell,  Alexander,  American  geologist, 
XVI.  654. 

Winchester,  city  of  Virginia,  XVI.  654.  His¬ 
tory,  655,  1  a.  Battle  of,  2  a. 

Winchester,  city  of  England,  XVI.  655.  Win¬ 
chester  cathedral,  2  c  (ill.,  656). 

Winchester,  county  seats,  IV.  636,  1  a;  VII. 

434,  1  b;  XIV.  199,  2  a;  707,  1  a. 
Winchester,  Elhanan,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  656. 

Wincing,  in  calico  printing,  III.  597,  1  b. 
Winckelmann,  Johann  Joachim  [vink'-kel- 
man],  German  archaeologist,  XVI.  656.  His 
influence  on  art  and  poetry,  VII.  767,  1  b. 
Wind,  XVI.  657.  Measurements  of  its  force, 

1  c.  Observations  on,  2  b.  Different  kinds 
of,  658,  1  b,  If.  Pressure  of,  659,  2  c. — 
Effect  of  high  elevation  on  velocity  of,  I. 
148,  1  b.  Storm  winds :  see  Hurricane, 
Storms,  and  Whirlwind.  Law  of  rotation 
around  a  storm  centre,  IX.  81,  1  a.  Varia¬ 
tions  and  retardations  of,  XIII.  629,  2  c. 
Influence  on  the  temperature  of  the  earth, 
XI.  433,  2  c.  See  Meteorology,  XI.  436, 

2  b,  ff.  (diagrams). 

Windage ,  in  gunnery,  VIII.  324,  2  c. 
Wind-break,  VIII.  604,  1  b  (Hedge). 

Wind  chest,  of  an  organ,  XII.  689,  1  a. 

Winder,  Gen.  (William  II.,  1775-1824,  lawyer 
of  Baltimore) :  see  Armstrong,  I.  736,  1  b- 
Gen.  John  H.  (his  son,  1800-’65),  commander 
of  Andersonville  prison,  I.  474,  1  c,  2  c. 
Win'dermere,  English  lake,  XVI.  660. 

Wind  Flower  :  see  Anemone. 

Wind  gauge ,  for  organs,  XII.  688,  2  c. 
Windham  [wind'-um],  two  counties,  XVI.  661. 
Windham,  William,  English  statesman,  XVI. 
661. 

Wind-hover ,  bird,  IX.  814,  2  b. 

Windischgrdtz,  Prince  [vin'-dish-graits],  (Al¬ 
fred,  1787-1862,  Austrian  field  marshal, 
commander-in-chief  1848-’9),  II.  146,  1  c, 
2  b;  393,  2  a;  IX.  60,  1  ab,  ff. 

Windish  March ,  a  borderland,  XVI.  663,1  b. 
Windmill,  XVI.  661.  Method  of  equalizing 
action  of,  XIV.  226,  2  a. 

Wind  river,  Wyoming,  XVI.  750,  1  a.  Wind 
River  mountains,  749,  2  ab,  b ;  XIV .  376, 1  c. 
Wind  rose,  thermal,  XI.  440,  1  c.  Hygromet- 
ric,  442,  1  c. 

Winds,  a  Slavic  people,  XVI.  663. 

Winds,  tower  of  the,  in  Athens,  VI.  68,  1  c. 
Windsor  [win'-zer],  county,  XVI.  663. 


798 


WINDSOR 


WIRE 


Windsor,  town  of  Connecticut,  XVI.  663. 

Windsor  Locks,  town,  2  ab. 

Windsor,  town  of  Ontario,  Canada,  XVI.  663. 
Of  Nova  Scotia,  2  c. 

Windsor,  borough  of  England,  XVI.  663. 
Windsor  castle,  664,  1  a  (view).  Frogmore, 

1  c.  View  in  Windsor  park,  XIII.  95. 
Windsor,  county  seat,  II.  585,  1  c. 

Windsor ,  poor  knights  of,  IV.  267,  1  be. 

Wind  trunks,  of  an  organ,  XII.  689,  1  a. 
Windward,  heating  to,  XIV.  867,  1  b. 
Windward  Islands  :  see  West  Indies,  XVI. 

566,  2  a,  and  Leeward  Islands. 

Wine,  XVI.  664.  Composition  of  grape  juice, 
665, 1  c.  Sweet  or  fruity  wine,  2  be;  dry,  2  c; 
pricked,  666,  1  ab ;  white,  1  c ;  brisk,  2  b ; 
sparkling,  ib. ;  still,  ib.  Bouquet,  2  c.  Quan¬ 
tity  of  alcohol,  667,  1  a.  Effect  of  climate 
and  situation,  2  a;  grape  culture,  2  b.  Cur¬ 
rant  wine,  &c.,  668,  1  a. — Adulteration  of 
wine,  I.  133,  2  b.  Use  in  the  sacrament, 
X.  639,  2  c. 

Wine  barrel,  II.  336,  1  a. 

Wine'brenner,  John,  American  clergyman, 
XVI.  668. 

Winebrennerians :  see  Winebrenner. 
Wine-press  festival  {Lencea),  II.  192,  2  a. 

Wines,  Enoch  Cobb,  American  philanthropist, 
XVI.  668. 

Wine  stone,  XVI.  666,  2  be. 

Winfield,  county  seats,  V.  442,  1  b ;  XIV.  99, 

2  a ;  XVI.  669,  1  c. 

Wing  passages,  in  iron-clad  ships,  IX.  383,  1  b. 
Wings,  in  the  Greek  theatre,  XV.  685,  2  b. 
Wings,  of  a  windmill,  XVI.  661,  2  ab. 

Win'ifrid  or  Winifreth  (St.  Boniface),  III.  66, 
2c;  67,  1  a. 

Winkelried,  Arnold  Struth  von  [vin'-kel-reet], 
Swiss  patriot,  XVI,  669. 

WAnkin  de  Worde  :  see  Worde,  Wynkin  de. 
Winlock,  Joseph,  American  astronomer,  XVI. 
669. 

Winn,  parish  of  Louisiana,  XVI.  669. 
Winneba'go,  three  counties,  XVI.  669. 
Winnebago,  lake  of  Wisconsin,  XVI.  669. 
Winnebagoes,  Indian  tribe,  XVI.  669. 
Win'neshiek,  county,  XVI.  670. 

Winnipeg,  capital  of  Manitoba,  XVI.  670. 
Winnipeg,  lake,  XVI.  671.  River,  2  a. 
Winnipego'sis,  or  Winnipegoos,  lake,  XVI.  671. 
Winnipesaukee,  Winnipesockee :  see  Winni- 

PISEOGEE. 

Winnipiseogee  [  win-ne-pe-sok'-ee],  lake  of 
New  Hampshire,  XVI.  671. 


Winnisimmet ferry,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  IV.  355, 1  c. 
Winnsborough,  county  seats,  VII.  62,  2  a; 
434,  1  a. 

Wino'na,  county,  XVI.  671. 

Winona,  city  of  Minnesota,  XVI.  672.  First 
state  normal  school,  1  c  (ill.). 

Winona,  county  seat,  XI.  786,  2  b. 

Winooski  river,  Vermont,  XVI.  312,  2  c. 
Winslow,  Edward,  governor  of  Plymouth 
colony,  XVI.  672. 

Winslow,  Forbes  Benignus,  English  physician, 
XVI.  672. 

Winslow,  Jacques  Benigne,  French  anatomist, 
XVI.  672.  “Foramen  of  Winslow,”  2  c. 
Winslow,  John  A.,  American  naval  officer, 
XVI.  673.  Sinking  of  the  Alabama,  1  a. 
See  Semmes. 

AVinslow,  Miron,  American  missionary,  XVI. 

673.  Hubbard,  clergyman,  1  b. 

Winstanley,  Henry,  English  engineer,  X.  459, 
1  c  (twice). 

Winston,  two  counties,  XVI.  673. 

Winston,  county  seat,  VII.  326,  1  a. 

Winston,  G .,  on  glass  painting,  VIII.  26,  1  a ; 
27,  1  be. 

Winter,  season  of  the  year,  XVI.  673. 

Winter,  Peter  von  [vin'-ter],  German  com¬ 
poser,  XVI.  673. 

Winterberry,  XVI.  673  (ill.,  674). 

Winter  clover,  XIII.  143,  2  be. 

Winter  cress,  XIV.  724,  2  c;  XVI.  501,  2  a. 
Wintergreen,  plant,  XVI.  674  (ill.).  Other 
names,  2  a.  Salal  berry,  2  b.  Another 
(spotted  wintergreen) :  see  Chimaphila. 
Winterhalter,  Franz  Xaver  [vin'-ter-hal-ter], 
German  painter,  XVI.  674. 

Winter  mew  :  see  Mew. 

Winter  palace,  at  St.  Petersburg,  XIV.  552, 1  a 
(ill.,  551). 

Winter's  bark,  tree,  XIII.  155,  2  c. 

Winterset ,  county  seat,  X.  821,  1  c. 
Winterthur  [vin'-ter-toor],  town  of  Switzer¬ 
land,  XVI.  675. 

Winthrop,  J ohn  [win'-thrup],  governor  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  colony,  XVI.  675.  John,  govern 
nor  of  Connecticut,  1  c.  John,  scholar,  2  ab. 
Robert  Charles,  statesman,  2  b. 

Winthrop,  Theodore,  author,  XVI.  675. 
Winton,  county  seat,  VIII.  701,  2  b. 

Winy  aw  bay,  South  Carolina,  XV.  193,  1  a. 
Winzes,  small  shafts  in  mines,  XI.  571,  2  c. 
Wire,  XVI.  676.  “Wire  drawers,”  “wire 
millers,”  “  wire  smiths,”  1  b.  Iron  and  steel 
wire,  2  a.  Draw-plate,  2  b.  Wollaston’s 


WIRE 


WOLCOTT 


799 


process  for  fine  wire,  677,  1  b.  Gold  wire, 

1  c.  Uses  of  wire,  2  a;  in  telegraphy,  XV. 
610,  1  c,  ff.,  616,  1  c.  Kerite  wire,  2  a. 
Wire  rope  or  cables:  see  Bridge,  III.  274, 

1  b,  ff. ;  Rope,  XIV.  426,  2  ab,  ff.  (ills.). 

Wire  twist ,  for  gun  barrels,  VII.  356,  2  b; 
357,  1  a. 

Wire  Worm,  XVI.  678.  Canada  wire  worm, 

1  be  (ill.).  Other  kinds,  1  c. 

Wirt,  county,  XVI.  678. 

Wirt,  William,  American  lawyer,  XVI.  678 ; 

191. 1  b.  Anti-masonic  candidate  for  presi¬ 
dent,  IX.  492,  2  b. 

Wirt  Court  House ,  county  seat,  XVI.  678,  2  b. 
Wirtemberg  :  see  Wurtemberg. 

Wirz ,  Henry  [Ger.  veerts],  superintendent  of 
Andersonvihe  prison,  I.  474,  1  c;  475,  1  a. 
Trial  and  execution,  1  ab. 

Wisby,  Laws  of:  see  Law  Merchant,  X.  219, 2  b. 
Wiscasset,  town  of  Maine,  XVI.  679. 
Wisconsin,  state,  XVI.  679.  State  seal  (ill.), 
ib.  Divisions  and  population,  1  c.  Topog¬ 
raphy,  680, 1  c.  Rivers  and  lakes,  2  b.  Ge¬ 
ology,  681,  1  a.  Minerals,  2  c.  Climate, 
682,  1  a.  Fauna  and  flora,  1  be.  Antiqui¬ 
ties,  2  a.  Agriculture,  2  b.  Manufactures, 

683. 1  a.  Intercommunication,  2  be.  Com¬ 
merce,  684, 1  b.  Banks,  1  c.  Government, 
ib.  Finances,  685, 1  a.  Public  institutions, 
1  b.  Education,  2  c.  Libraries,  newspapers, 
&c.,  687, 1  a.  Religious  organizations,  1  be. 
History,  2  a. 

Wisconsin,  University  of,  XVI.  687. 
Wisconsin  River,  XVI.  688. 

Wisdom,  Book  of,  XVI.  688. 

Wise,  two  counties,  XVI.  688. 

Wise,  Daniel,  American  clergyman,  XVI.  688. 
Wise,  Henry  Alexander,  politician,  XVI.  689. 
(Died  1876.) 

Wise,  Henry  Augustus,  author,  XVI.  689. 

Wise  Court  House ,  county  seat,  XVI.  688,  2  c. 
Wiseman,  Nicholas,  English  cardinal,  XVI.  689. 
Wish'art,  George  (the  Martyr),  Scottish  cler¬ 
gyman,  XVI.  689. 

Wishart,  George,  historian,  XVI.  690. 
WisnTONWisH :  see  Prairie  Dog,  XIII.  803, 1  c. 
Wislica ,  diet  of  [vis-le'-tsa],  IV.  56,  2  c. 
Wismar  [viss'-mar],  town  of  Germany,  XVI. 
690. 

Wissembourg  [vees-sang-boor]  :  see  Weissen- 
burg. 

Wistar,  Caspar,  American  physician,  XVI.  690. 
Wistaria,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  690.  W.  fru- 
tescens,  1  c;  Sinensis' (Chinese  wistaria),  2  b 


(ill.) ;  magnifiea,  brachybotrys,  and  multi- 
juga,  2  c. 

Wister,  Annis  Lee,  authoress,  XVI.  691. 

Witch  and  Witchcraft,  .XVI.  691.  Witch 
mark,  1  be.  Salem  witchcraft,  1  c,  ff. :  see 
Mather,  Cotton,  XI.  278, 1  ab ;  Burroughs, 
George,  III.  477  ;  XIII.  227,  2  c.  In  Boston 
and  vicinity,  III.  127,  1  c.  Last  conviction 
for  in  England,  VIII.  389,  2  c.  Trials  for 
abolished  in  Germany,  XV.  715,  2  c.  Liter¬ 
ature  of :  see  Mather,  Cotton,  XI.  278, 1  ab, 
ff. ;  Calef,  Robert. 

“  Witches ’  Caldron mud  spring  in  California, 
VII.  785,  2  b. 

Witches ’  kidneys ,  in  Gulf  stream  driftwood, 
II.  77,  2  ab.  " 

Witch  grass ,  V.  420,  2  b. 

Witch  Hazel,  plant,  XVI.  691  (ill.,  692). 

Witebsk  [ve-tepsk'] :  see  Vitebsk. 

Witenagemote  [wit-e-na-gh  e-mote'],  Anglo- 
Saxon  legislative  assembly,  I.  499,  2  a;  VI. 
620,  1  c.  Meaning  of  the  term,  and  charac¬ 
ter  of  the  assembly,  XIII.  112,  2  b. 

Wither,  George,  English  poet,  XVI.  692. 

Witherspoon,  John,  a  signer  of  the  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  XYI.  692.  President 
of  the  college  of  New  Jersey,  2  c. 

Witness:  see  Evidence. 

Witt,  Count,  referred  to,  I.  283,  2  c. 

Witt,  Jan  de:  see  De  Witt. 

Witte,  Pieter  de  [deh  wit'-teh] :  see  Candido. 

Wittekind,  or  Wittikind :  see  Charles  I. 
(Charlemagne),  IV.  290,  1  c  (twice). 

Witten  [vit'-ten],  town  of  Prussia,  XVI.  693. 

Wittenberg  [vit'-ten-bairg],  town  of  Prussia, 
XVI.  693. 

Wittoba,  temple  of,  II.  632,  2  a. 

Wittsburg,  county  seat,  V.  514,  1  c. 

Wo  ad,  plant,  XVI.  693  (ill.).  A  dye  or  pig¬ 
ment,  2  b. 

Woadwaxen:  see  Woodwaxen. 

Woburn,  town  of  Massachusetts,  XVI.  693. 

Woburn  Abbey ,  alluded  to,  II.  449,  2  be. 

Wodrow,  Robert,  Scottish  historian,  XVI.  694. 

Woffington,  Margaret  (Peg  Woffington),  Irish 
actress,  XVI.  694. 

Wohler,  Friedrich  [vo'-ler],  German  chemist, 
XVI.  694.  Investigations  and  discoveries. 
IV.  368,  1  be,  2  a. 

Woiwodina  [voi-vo-de'-na] :  see  Waywode. 

Wolcott,  John  [wool'-kut],  English  satirist, 
XVI.  694. 

Wtolcott,  Roger,  colonial  governor  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  XVI.  695.  Oliver,  a  signer  of  the 


800 


WOLD 


WOODCOCK 


Declaration  of  Independence,  1  b.  Oliver 
(2d),  lawyer,  1  c. 

Wold  (moor),  XVI.  790,  2  b. 

Wolf,  XVI.  695.  European,  2  a  (ill.).  North 
American,  or  common  gray,  2  c.  Prairie 
(coyote),  696,  1  be  (ill.).— Wolf  skins,  VII. 
539,  2  a.  Diver  wolf,  XII.  736,  1  b. 

Wolf, \  in  organ  octaves,  XII.  690,  1  b. 

Wolf,  Christian  von,  baron  [vulf],  German 
philosopher,  XVI.  696.  On  logic,  X.  580, 
2  be.  On  international  law,  223,  1  b.  See 
Mokal  Philosophy,  XI.  812,  2  be ;  Philoso¬ 
phy,  XIII.  430, 1  a,  431, 1  ab,  2  ab,  c,  441,  2  a. 

Wolf,  Friedrich  August,  German  scholar, 
XVI.  696.  His  merit  as  a  classic  editor,  X. 
191,  2  b. 

Wolf  of  Badenoch,  VI.  524,  1  c. 

Wolf  berry,  plant,  XV.  136,  2  a. 

Wolfe,  county  of  Kentucky,  XVI.  697. 

Wolfe,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  697. 

Wolfe,  Charles,  British  poet,  XVI.  697. 

Wolfe,  James,  English  general,  XVI.  697. 

Wolfenbuttel  [vuF-fen-biit-tel],  city  of  Ger¬ 
many,  XVI.  697.  “Wolfenbuttel  Frag¬ 
ments,”  2  b ;  XIV.  265,  1  ab ;  X.  371,  1  b. 

Wolff,  Albert,  German  sculptor,  XVI.  697. 

Wolff,  Emil,  German  sculptor,  XVI.  697. 

Wolff,  Joseph,  clergyman  of  the  English 
church,  XVI.  697. 

Wolff,  Wilhelm  (Thierwolff),  German  sculp¬ 
tor,  XVI.  698. 

Wolffian  bodies,  the  (anatomy),  IX.  828,  2  a. 

Wolf  Fish,  XVI.  698.  European,  2  be.  Ameri¬ 
can,  2  c  (ill.).  Sea  cat,  ib. ;  IV.  110,  1  ab. 

Wolf  fox  (warrah),  VII.  73,  2  b. 

Wolfian  theory ,  of  the  Homeric  poems,  VIII. 
779,  2  c ;  780,  2  c. 

Wolfeam  [woF-fram] :  see  Tungsten,  XVI. 
29,  1  c. 

Wolf’s  crag ,  of  the  “  Bride  of  Lammermoor,” 
II.  588,  1  a. 

Wolf's  head ,  to  bear  a,  XII.  742,  2  c. 

Wollaston,  William  [wool'-las-tun],  English 
author,  XVI.  699.  See  Moral  Philosophy, 
XI.  812,  1  b. 

Wollaston,  William  Hyde,  English  natural 
philosopher,  XVI.  699;  VII.  83,  1  c,  2  a. 
On  the  solar  spectrum,  X.  441,  1  b.  Wollas¬ 
ton’s  galvanic  battery,  VII.  589,  2  b ;  goni¬ 
ometer,  VIII.  98,  2  b ;  method  of  preparing 
wires  for  telescopes,  XVI.  677,  1  be:  see 
Ductility. 

Wollstonecraft,  Mary  [wool'-stun-kraft] :  see 
Godwin,  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  VIII.  64,  1  c. 


Wolowski,  Louis  Francois  Michel  Kaymond 
[vuli-luv-ske],  French  economist,  XVI.  699. 
Wolseley,  Sir  Garnet  Joseph  [woolz'-le],  Brit¬ 
ish  soldier,  XVI.  699. 

Wolsey,  Thomas,  cardinal  [wool'-ze],  XVI. 
699.  See  Henry  VIII.,  VIII.  649,  2  a,  ff., 
and  Anne  Boleyn.  Alluded  to,  VII.  54, 1  a. 
Wolverene:  see  Glutton.  Skins  of,  VII. 
539,  2  a. 

Wolverhampton,  town  of  England,  XVI.  700. 
Wolzogen,  Karoline  von  [vole'-tso-ghen],  Ger¬ 
man  authoress,  XVI.  700. 

Woman ,  in  marriage  :  see  Husband  and  Wife. 
In  the  legal  profession,  X.  238,  1  c.  In  the 
universities  of  the  past,  XVI.  210,  2  ab,  If. 
Woman's  Meadow,  battle  of  I.  729,  2  c. 
Woman’s  Rights,  XVI.  701;  547,  1  ab;  X. 
381,  2  a. 

Womb,  office  and  functions  of  the,  XII.  568,  2  c. 
Wombat,  animal,  XVI.  702  (ill.).  Other  names, 

1  c.  Fossil  species,  703,  1  be. 

Wood,  XVI.  703.  Seasoning,  704,  1  a.  Du¬ 
rability,  1  b.  Beauty,  2  a.  Colors,  2  c. 
Uses,  705,  1  a. — For  paper  making,  XIII.  47, 

2  c.  Preservation  of  :  see  Preservation  of 
Wood.  Gravity  of,  VII.  516,  1  b.  Woody 
fibre :  see  Plant,  XIII.  578,  2  a,  ff.  (ills.). 

Wood,  five  counties,  XVI.  705. 

Wood,  Anthony  a,  English  antiquary,  XVI.  706. 
Wood,  J.  T.,  discoveries  of  in  the  ruins  of 
Ephesus,  VI.  678,  2  c. 

Wood,  Robert,  British  archeologist,  XVI.  706. 
Wood,  William ,  his  patent  for  coining  far¬ 
things,  &c.,  VII.  704,  la.  “  Wood’s  money,” 
V.  26,  1  b. 

Wood,  William  Maxwell,  American  surgeon, 
XVI.  706. 

Wood  ashes ,  uses  of,  II.  5,  2  a ;  in  distilleries, 
2  c ;  as  cement  for  pipes,  ib. 

Woodbine:  see  Honeysuckle,  VIII.  796,  2  a. 
Woodbridge,  Timothy :  see  Blind,  II.  721 
(table). 

Woodbridge  (Rev.  William  Channing,  1794-  • 
1845),  geographer,  alluded  to,  I.  266,  2  b. 
Woodbridge  Lady-day  fair,  VII.  58,  2  b. 

Wood  bugs,  VIII.  629,  2  a. 

Woodbury,  county,  XVI.  706. 

Woodbury ,  county  seats,  III.  713,  1  b ;  VIII. 
36,  1  a. 

Woodbury,  Levi,  American  statesman,  XVI. 
706. 

Woodchuck,  animal,  XVI.  706  (ill.,  707). 
Woodcock,  bird,  XVI.  707.  American,  1  b 
(ill.).  European,  2  b. 


WOOD  DUCK 


WORDSWORTH 


801 


Wood  Duck,  XYI.  707  (ill.).  Mandarin  duck, 
708,  1  be. 

Wood  Engraving  :  see  Engraving,  YI.  G50, 

2  ab. 

Woodfall,  William,  English  journalist,  XYI. 

708.  Henry  Sampson,  1  c. 

Woodford,  two  counties,  XYI.  708. 

Wood  grass ,  XY.  169,  2  c. 

Wood  gunpowder ,  Schultze’s,  YII.  36,  1  b. 

Wood  hangings:  see  Wood,  XYI.  705,  1  a. 
Woodhouse  Grove  Wesleyan  seminary ,  III.  180, 

1  a. 

Woodhouselee,  Lord :  see  Tytler,  Alexander 
Fraser. 

Wood  Ibis,  bird,  XYI.  708  (ill.). 

Woodland ,  county  seat,  XYI.  786,  2  a. 

Wood  louse,  Y.  744,  1  c  (Death  WATon). 

Wood  Mouse  :  see  Mouse,  XII.  14,  2  ab. 

Wood  naphtha ,  I.  62,  1  b. 

Wood  nettle,  XIV.  195,  2  b ;  XII.  255,  1  a. 
Woodpecker,  bird,  XYI.  709.  Hairy,  2  ab ; 
ivory-billed,  2  be  ;  black,  or  log  cock,  2  c 
(ill.,  710) ;  three-toed,  710,  1  b ;  red-headed, 

1  be ;  flicker,  yellow-shafted,  or  pigeon, 

2  a  (ill.) ;  green,  2  b  ;  piculets,  ib. 

Wood  pheasant,  X.  760,  2  a. 

Wood  Rat  :  see  Rat,  XIY.  212,  2  b. 
Woodroof:  see  AYoodruff,  plant. 

Woodruff,  plant,  XYI.  710  (ill.). 

Woodruff,  county,  XYI.  711. 

Wood  Rush  :  see  Luzula,  X.  740,  2  be. 
Woods,  Leonard,  American  clergyman  and 
educator,  XYI.  711.  Leonard  (2d),  presi¬ 
dent  of  Bowdoin  college,  1  c. 

Wood's  drill,  III.  100,  2  a  (ill.). 

Woodsfield,  county  seat,  XI.  760,  2  a. 

Wood's  fusible  alloy,  III.  538,  1  b. 

Woodson,  county,  XYI.  711. 

Wood  Sorrel:  see  Oxalis,  XII.  758,  2  be. 
Wood  spirit,  I.  62,  1  a ;  265,  2  b.  See  Pyrox- 
ylio  Spirit. 

Woodstock,  town  of  Vermont,  XYI.  711. 
Woodstock,  town  of  Canada,  XYI.  711.  Town 
of  Hew  Brunswick,  2  b. 

Woodstock,  county  seat,  XIY.  845,  2  c. 
Woodville,  county  seats,  XYI.  88, 1  a ;  626, 1  b. 
Woodville,  Elizabeth  (died  1486),  wife  of  Ed¬ 
ward  IV.,  YI.  436,  2  b. 

Wood  vinegar,  XIY.  109,  2  a. 

Wood  walkers,  apes,  YII.  796,  1  b. 

Woodward,  William,  his  geological  system  re¬ 
ferred  to,  YII.  688,  1  be. 

Wood'waxen,  plant,  XYI.  711  (ill.,  712).  Other 
names,  2  c. 

51 


WooDwoRTn,  Samuel,  American  author,  XYI. 
712. 

Woody  nightshade,  YI.  304,  2  b. 

Woof:  see  Weaving,  XYI.  523,  1  a. 

Wool,  XYI.  712.  Structure  of,  1  c  (ill.,  sec¬ 
tions  of  Southdown  and  Saxon).  Varieties 
of,  2  b.  Merino  sheep,  713,  1  b.  Commer¬ 
cial  statistics,  2  a,  if.  Grades  of,  for  manu¬ 
facture,  718,  1  c. 

Wool,  Manufactures  of,  XYI.  714.  Ancient, 
2  be.  In  England,  715, 1  a ;  France,  716, 1  a; 
America,  1  b.  Processes  of  woollen  manu¬ 
facture,  718, 1  a ;  of  worsted,  720, 1  c.  Wool 
moating,  718, 2  be.  W ool  combing  machines, 
721,  1  a. 

Wool,  John  Ellis,  American  soldier,  XYI.  721. 

Woollett,  William,  English  engraver,  XVI.722. 

Woolman,  John,  American  Quaker  preacher, 
XYI.  722. 

Woolner,  Thomas,  English  sculptor,  XVI.  722. 

Woolsack,  the ,  lord  chancellor’s  seat,  X.  609,2  b. 

Woolsey,  Theodore  Dwight  [wool'-ze],  scholar, 
president  of  Yale  college,  XYI.  722. 

Woolston,  Thomas,  English  author,  XYI.  722. 

Woolwich  [wool'-ij],  parish,  England,  XYI.722. 

Woonsocket,  town,  Rhode  Island,  XYI.  723. 

Woorara,  Woorari,  orWourali,  poisons,  XYI. 
723.  Referred  to,  293,  2  c. 

Wooster,  city  of  Ohio,  XYI.  724. 

Wooster,  David,  American  general,  XYI.  724; 
Y.  662,  2  be. 

Wootz :  see  Damascus  Blades,  Y.  653,  2  a,  c ; 
Steel,  XY.  363,  2  ab. 

Worcester  [woos'-ter],  two  counties,  XYI.724. 

Worcester,  city  of  Massachusetts,  XYI.  724. 
Soldiers’  monument,  725,  1  a  (ill.). 

Worcester,  city  of  England,  XYI.  726.  Bat¬ 
tle  of,  the  “crowning  mercy,”  1  be;  Y. 
505,  2  be. 

Worcester,  Edward  Somerset,  marquis  of, 
English  inventor,  XYI.  726.  His  steam  ap¬ 
paratus,  XY.  339,  2  a. 

Worcester,  John  Tiptoft,  earl  of,  statesman, 
XYI.  726. 

Worcester,  Joseph  Emerson,  American  lexi¬ 
cographer,  XYI.  726.  See  Dictionary,  YI. 
95,  1  b. 

Worcester,  Hoah,  clergyman,  XYI.  726.  Sam¬ 
uel,  727,  1  b.  Samuel  Melanchthon,  1  c. 

Worcestershire,  county  of  England,  XYI.  727. 

Worde,  Wynkin  de,  English  printer,  XYI.  727. 

Worden,  John  Lorimer  [wur'-den],  American 
naval  officer,  XYI.  727. 

Wordsworth,  William,  English  poet,  XYI.  727. 


802 


WORKHOUSE 


WURMSER 


Christopher,  clergyman,  729,  1  a.  Chris¬ 
topher  (2d),  bishop,  1  b.  Charles,  bishop,  2  a. 

W orkhouse  :  see  Pauperism,  XIII.  181, 2  ab,  ff ., 
186,  1  c;  XIV.  12,  1  c. 

“  Workhouse  test”  for  paupers,  XIII.  186,  1  c. 

Working  load ,  for  materials,  XV.  415,  2  be. 

Work  of  necessity  or  charity ,  in  law,  X.  637, 1  a. 

Worm,  of  a  screw,  XIV.  712,  2  b. 

Worm,  potato,  VIII.  532,  2  c,  533,  1  b ;  IX. 
158,  2  a. 

Worm  Grass  :  see  Pinkroot. 

Worming ,  of  a  screw,  XIV.  712,  2  b. 

Worms  :  see  references,  XVI.  729. 

Worms  [vorms],  city  of  Germany,  XVI.  729. 
Cathedral,  2  c  (ill.,  730).  Diet  of,  XIV.  245, 
2  b  ;  X.  727,  1  c.  Council  of,  VIII.  800,  2  c. 

Wormseed,  drug,  XVI.  730.  American  worm- 
seed,  plant,  1  c  (ill.) ;  European,  2  c  (ill.). 

Worms  lamp,  X.  129,  1  be. 

Wormwood,  XVI.  731  (ill.).  Oil  of,  2  a.  Salts 
of,  2  ab.  See  I.  34  (Absinth)  ;  773,  2  c. 

Wornum,  Ralph  Nicholson,  English  author, 
XVI.  731. 

Woronzoff:  see  Vorontzoff. 

Worsaae,  Jens  Jacob  Asmussen  [vor'-saw-Sh], 
Danish  archaeologist,  XVI.  731. 

Worsted:  see  Wool,  Manufactures  of,  XVI. 
720,  1  c.  Origin  of  the  name,  715,  1  c ; 
XII.  515,  1  c. 

Wort:  see  Brewing,  III.  259,  1  a,  2  he,  260, 
2  a ;  VI.  142,  1  a. 

Worth,  three  counties,  XVI.  732. 

WoRTn  [vort],  town  of  Germany,  XVI.  732. 
Battle  of,  X.  800,  1  a. 

Worth,  William  Jenkins,  American  soldier, 
XVI.  732. 

Wotan :  see  Wuotan  (Index). 

Wotton,  Sir  Henry,  English  author,  XVI.  732. 

Wotton,  William,  English  author,  XVI.  732. 

Woulfe's  bottles  (Peter  Woulfe,  F.  R.  S.,  Eng¬ 
lish  chemist,  died  1806),  VII.  633,  2  b  (ill.). 

Wouverman,  Philip  [wow'-ver-man],  Dutch 
painter,  XVI.  732. 

Wrack  Grass,  XVI.  733  (ill.). 

Wrangel,  Karl  Gustaf,  count  [vrang'-el],  Swe¬ 
dish  soldier,  XVI.  733. 

Wrangell,  Ferdinand,  baron,  Russian  travel¬ 
ler,  XVI.  733.  Wrangell  Land,  734,  1  a. 
See  Arctic  Discovery,  I.  669,  2  b. 

Wrangler,  university  term,  III.  645,  1  b.  Se¬ 
nior  wrangler,  ib. 

Wrasse  [ras],  fish,  XVI.  734.  Ballan  wrasse, 
1  c  (ill.) ;  striped,  ib. ;  rainbow,  2  a ;  gilt¬ 
headed,  ib. 


Wraxall,  Sir  Nathaniel  William,  English  au¬ 
thor,  XVI.  734.  Sir  Frederick  Charles  Las- 
celles,  author,  2  b. 

Wray :  see  Ray,  John. 

Wreath,  in  heraldry,  VIII.  674,  1  b. 

Wren,  bird,  XVI.  735.  Kitty  wren,  1  ab  (ill.)  ; 

great  Carolina,  1  c ;  house,  2  a  (ill.). 

Wren,  Sir  Christopher,  architect,  XVI.  735. 
Wright,  three  counties,  XVI.  736. 

Wright,  Arthur  W.,  observations  on  the  solar 
corona,  XV.  475,  2  a. 

Wright,  Elizur,  American  abolitionist,  XVI. 
736. 

Weight  (D’Arusmont),  Frances,  Scottish  re¬ 
former,  XVI.  736. 

Weight,  Silas,  American  statesman,  XVI.  737. 
Weight,  Thomas,  English  antiquary,  XVI.  737. 
Weight,  William,  British  orientalist,  XVI.  737. 
Wrightsville ,  county  seat,  IX.  656,  1  c. 
Wrisberg,  Heinrich  August  [vriss'-bairg],  Ger¬ 
man  anatomist,  XVI.  738.  Cartilages  of 
Wrisberg,  1  a.  Nerve  of  Wrisberg,  ib. 

Wrist  plate,  of  a  steam  engine,  XV.  343,  2  b. 
Writ,  in  law,  XVI.  738.  Origin  of :  see  Plead¬ 
ing,  XIII.  606,  2  c.  Writs  of  assistance,  III. 
127,  2  be;  XVI.  154,  2  a.  See  Otis,  James, 
XII.  731,  1  b.  Defence  of  them  by  Gridley, 
attorney  general,  VIII.  254,  2  ab. 

Writ  of  possession,  in  law,  VII.  25,  2  c. 

Writ  de  proprietate  probanda,  XIV.  273,  1  a. 
Writ  de  replegiari  facias,  XIV.  272,  2  ab. 

Writ  de  retorno  habendo ,  XIV.  273,  1  c. 

Writer  to  the  signet,  X.  237,  1  c  (Lawyer). 
Writers’  Cramp:  see  Scriveners’  Palsy. 
Writing,  XVI.  738.  (Chart.)  Various  systems, 
2  a.  Egyptian  hieratic,  2  ab  (ill.,  739).  Dif¬ 
ferent  alphabets,  739,  1  a.  Phoenician,  XIII. 
455,  2  be  (ill.,  456).  Runic:  see  Runes. 
Semitic,  XIV.  761,  2  be  (ill.,  762);  I.  622,  2  be. 
Russian :  see  Glagolitic,  and  Russia,  Lan¬ 
guage  and  Literature  of.  Japanese,  IX.  548, 

1  be  (ills.).  Standard  alphabet,  XVI.  740, 1  b. 
Writing  in  the  Homeric  age,  VIII.  780,  1  b. 

Writings,  ancient,  restoration  of,  IX.  282, 

2  ab ;  XIII.  12,  1  be. 

Wrottesley,  John,  baron  [rots'-le],  English 
astronomer,  XVI.  741. 

Wroxeter,  village  of  England,  XVI.  741. 
Wry'neck,  bird,  XVI.  741  (ill.). 

Wryneck,  disease,  XVI.  741. 

Wulfila :  see  Ulfilas. 

Wuotan,  Saxon  deity,  XII.  120, 1  be;  581,  2  b. 
Wurmser,  Dagobert  Sigismund  [voorm'-zer], 
Austrian  soldier,  XVI.  742. 


WttRTEMBERG 


XANTHOXYLUM 


803 


Wurtemberg  [vur-  or  vir'-tem-bairg],  kingdom 
of  Germany,  XYI.  742.  Government,  2  c. 
History,  743,  2  a.  “  Wurtemberg  ckurcli 
property,”  IY.  553,  1  ab. 

Wurtz,  Charles  Adolphe  [vurts],  French  chem¬ 
ist,  XYI.  744.  On  Berzelius’s  formulas,  II. 
87,  2  be. 

Wurzburg  [vurts' -  boorg],  city  of  Bavaria, 
XYI.  744. 

Wuttke,  Heinrich  [voot'-keh],  German  histo¬ 
rian,  XYI.  744. 

Wyandot',  county,  XVI.  744. 

Wyandots,  Indian  tribe,  XVI.  745. 
Wyandotte,  county,  XVI.  745. 

Wyandotte,  city  of  Michigan,  XVI.  745. 
Wyandotte  Cave,  XYI.  745. 

Wyandotte  constitution ,  of  Kansas,  IX.  756, 1  c. 
Wyatt,  James,  English  architect,  XYI.  745. 

Sir  Jeffrey  Wyatville,  746,  1  a. 

Wyatt,  Sir  Matthew  Digby,  architect,  XYI. 
746. 

Wyatt,  Richard  James,  sculptor,  XYI.  746. 
Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas,  poet,  XVI.  746.  Sir 
Thomas,  soldier,  2  a.  Wyatt’s  rebellion,  2  ab; 
YI.  531,  2  b. 

Wyatville ,  Sir  Jeffrey ,  architect:  see  Wyatt, 
XYI.  746,  1  a. 

Wych  elm ,  YI.  551,  2  b  (ill.) ;  XYI.  691,  2  c. 
Wyciierly,  William,  English  dramatist,  XYI. 

746. 

Wyoh  Hazel  :  see  Witch  Hazel. 

Wyc'liffe,  John  de,  English  reformer,  XYI. 

747.  Persecution  of  his  adherents:  see  Chau¬ 
cer,  IY.  342,  1  a.  Wycliffe’s  Bible,  a  MS. 
copy  in  Hereford  cathedral,  VIII.  681,  1  be. 

Wykeham,  William  of :  see  William  of  Wyke- 
ham. 


Wylie,  Andrew,  American  educator,  XYI.  748. 

Wyman,  Jeffries,  American  comparative  anato¬ 
mist,  XYI.  748.  On  the  structure  of  bones, 
III.  58,  2  b.  On  the  mode  of  development 
of  fishes,  VII.  239,  2  b;  240,  1  a.  On  the 
structure  of  the  pin-tailed  duck,  Y.  175,  2  a. 
On  the  spinal  cord  of  fishes,  176,  2  c.  On 
the  eyes  of  blind  fish,  177,  1  b ;  VII.  48,  2  b. 
On  the  division  of  mammals  into  placentals 
and  implacentals,  XI.  78,  2  be.  On  the  ana¬ 
tomical  relation  of  fore  and  hind  limbs,  XIII. 
429,  1  c. 

Wyndham,  Sir  William,  British  statesman, 
XVI.  749.  Sir  Charles,  earl  of  Egremont,  1  b. 

Wynkin  de  Worde  :  see  Worde. 

Wyo'ming,  territory,  XYI.  749.  Surface,  &c., 
2  a.  Yellowstone  national  park,  750,  2  c 
(map).  Geology  and  minerals,  751,  1  c. 
Climate,  2  c.  Productions,  ib.  Industries, 
752,  1  a.  Government,  1  b. 

Wyoming,  three  counties,  XVI.  752. 

Wyoming  Valley,  XYI.  753.  Massacre  of 
Wyoming,  1  c.  Wyoming  coal  field,  I.  551, 
2  c,  552,  lb:  see  Lackawanna. 

Wyrgilt  [vir'-ghilt],  blood  money,  II.  738,  1  c. 

Wyse ,  Lcetitia,  daughter  of  Lucien  Bonaparte, 
III.  34,  2  c. 

Wysocici,  Peter  [ve-sots'-ke],  (1799-1837,  died  in 
Siberia),  Polish  revolutionist,  XIII.  648,  2  a. 

Wyss,  Johann  Rudolf  [viss],  Swiss  author, 
XYI.  753. 

Wytiie  [with],  county,  XYI.  753. 

Wytiie,  George,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  XYI.  754. 

Wytheville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  754,  1  a. 

Wyttenbach,  Daniel  [vit'-ten-bakh],  Dutch  phi¬ 
lologist,  XYI.  754. 


X 


X,  a  letter,  XYI.  754.  Sounds,  1  b;  Spanish, 
Portuguese,  and  Russian,  1  c.  Latin  nume¬ 
ral,  ib. 

Xaimaca  [klil-ma'-ka] :  see  Jamaica. 

Xalapa  [kha-lu'-pa] :  see  Jalapa. 

Xalisco  [kha-lees'-ko] :  see  Jalisco. 

Xanthian  marbles  [zan'-the-an],  VII.  117,  2  b. 
Xanthidium  (protophyte),  referred  to,  YI.  43, 
2  b  (ill.,  X.  armatum). 

Xanthine  [zan'-tliin],  animal  secretion,  XYI. 
754. 

Xanthip'pe  :  see  Socrates,  XY.  147,  2  c. 


Xanthippus ,  Athenian  general,  referred  to, 
VIII.  190,  2  be ;  XII.  108,  1  c. 
Xanthopicrite ,  vegetable  principle,  XIII.  830, 
2  b. 

Xanthofftera  semicro'cea  (entomology),  XIII. 
550,  2  be. 

Xantiiorhamnine  [zan-tho-ram'-nin],  dye, 
XYI.  754. 

Xanthori'za  apii folia  { botany),  XVI.  780,  2  ab. 
Xanthorrhoe'a  (botany),  VIII.  171,  2  a.  X.  ar- 
borea,  australis,  and  hastilis,  2  b. 
Xanthox'ylum  (botany),  I.  807,  1  a;  II.  549, 


804 


XANTHUS 


YALKUT 


2  ab.  X.  Americanum,  XIII.  830,  1  c  (ill.) ; 
Carolinianum,  2  c;  clava  Herculis,  ib.,  and 
VIII.  680,  1  b. 

Xanthus  :  see  Lycia,  X.  742,  2  ab. 

Xanthus ,  Homeric  river :  see  Scamander.  . 
Xantippe :  see  Xanthippe  (Index). 

Xavier,  Saint  Francis  [zav'-e-er;  Sp.  kha-ve- 
air'],  Spanish  missionary,  XVI.  754 ;  IX. 
630,  1  a.  Referred  to,  XI.  385,  1  a. 

Xenia  [ze'-ne-a],  after-dinner  presents,  XVI. 

755.  Epigrams,  ib. 

Xenia,  city  of  Ohio,  XVI.  755. 

Xenien  [ksa'-ne-en] :  see  Xenia. 

Xenoorates  [ze-nok'-ra-teez],  Greek  philoso¬ 
pher,  XVI.  756. 

Xenodochium  [zen-o-do'-ke-um],  lodging  place 
for  strangers,  XI.  729,  1  a. 

Xenophanes  [ze-nof'-a-neez],  Greek  philoso¬ 
pher,  XVI.  756  ;  VI.  497,  1  a;  XIII.  437, 1  a. 
Xenophon  [zen'-o-fon],  Athenian  author,  XVI. 

756.  See  Political  Economy,  XIII.  665, 1  a. 
Xenos  (entomology),  XVI.  493,  2  b. 

Xerez  [kha-raith'] :  see  Jerez. 

Xerez,  Francisco  de,  Spanish  historian,  XVI. 

757. 

Xerob'ates ,  genus  of  reptiles,  XV.  812,  2  c. 
Xerxes  [zurk'-seez],  king  of  Persia,  XVI.  757. 

His  bridge  over  the  Hellespont,  XIV.  423,  2  a. 
Ximenes  de  Cisneros,  Francisco  [“he-ma'-nace 


da  thees-na'-roce ;  in  English,  ze-me'-neez], 
Spanish  cardinal  and  statesman,  XVI.  758. 
See  Polyglot,  XIII.  687,  1  c. 

Ximenes  de  Quesada,  Gonzalo  [da  ka-sa'-£Aa], 
Spanish  explorer,  XVI.  759 ;  II.  783,  1  ab, 
Ximo :  see  Kiushiu. 

Xingu  [sheeng-goo'],  river,  III.  220,  1  ab. 
Xiphias  (ichthyology),  XV.  534,  1  b.  X.  gla- 
dius,  1  be  (ill.). 

Xiphiidce  (ichthyology),  XV.  534,  1  a. 
Xiphosu'ra  (crustacea),  V.  533,  2  be ;  IX.  838, 

1  b. 

Xipotheca  tetradens  (ichthyology),  XIV.  660, 1  c. 
Xorullo  [kho-roo'-lyo] :  see  Joeullo. 

Xylene'  (chemistry),  XVI.  759. 

Xyleu'tes  (entomology),  IV.  107,  1  ab. 
Xylidine\ zi'-le-din],  (chemistry),  XVI.  760, 1  a. 
Xylocopa  violacea  (entomology),  II.  458,  2  c. 
Xylography  :  see  Engraving,  VI.  650,  2  ab. 
Xyloidin  [Fr.  ze-lwa-dang] :  see  Collodion,  V. 
78,  1  b  (twice). 

Xyloidine  [zi-loi'-din],  explosive  compound, 
XVI.  760 ;  VII.  36,  1  b. 

Xylol  [zi'-lol] :  see  Xylene,  and  III.  769,  1  c. 
Xylostro'ma  gigan'teum  (botany),  VII.  529,  2  b. 
Xyrichthys  (ichthyology),  XIV.  225,  1  b.  X. 
cultratus,  1  c  (ill.). 

Xyris  :  see  Yellow-eyed  Grass,  XVI.  779, 

2  c.  X.  flexuosa,  780, 1  ab ;  var.  pusilla,  ib. 


Y 


Y,  a  letter,  XVI.  760.  Sounds,  1  ab  ;  in  Hun¬ 
garian,  1  b.  Use  in  Latin  and  Spanish,  ib. 
Pythagorean  letter,  1  c. 

Y  [i],  arm  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  I.  443,  1  c,  2  b ; 
XVI.  839,  1  be. 

Yacht  [yot],  pleasure  craft,  XVI.  760.  Yacht 
clubs,  1  c  ;  British,  2  b ;  American,  761,  1  a. 
Regattas,  ib .,  If.  Special  privileges,  760,  2 
ab;  in  the  United  States,  761,  2  c. 

Yack ,  fruit,  III.  234,  1  c,  2  c. 

Yagna  [yas'-na],  Zend-Avesta,  XVI.  810,  2  a. 
Yacub  Khan  [ya'-koob],  I.  162,  2  ab,  be. 
Yadkin,  river  of  North  Carolina,  XVI.  762. 
Yadkin,  county,  XVI.  762. 

Yadkinville ,  county  seat,  XVI.  762,  1  c. 

Yafa  [ya'-fa] :  see  Jaffa. 

Yaik  [yike] :  see  Ural. 

Yak,  animal,  XVI.  762  (ill.);  IV.  128,  2  a. 
Yak'ima,  county,  XVI.  762. 

Yakima  City ,  county  seat,  XVI.  762,  2  c. 


Yakuts  [ya-koots'J,  people  of  Siberia,  XV.  17, 
1  c  ;  69,  2  ab.  Yakut  dialect,  63,  2  ab. 

Yakutsk  [ya-kootsk'J,  province  of  Siberia, 
XVI.  762.  Capital,  1  b. 

Yalabusha :  see  Yalobusha  (Index). 

Yale,  Elihu,  patron  of  Yale  college,  XVI.  763. 

Yale  College,  XVI.  763.  History,  2  a.  In¬ 
structors,  764,  1  ab.  Organization,  1  b. 
Departments  of  instruction,  765,  1  ab.  Phi¬ 
losophy  and  the  arts,  1  b  ;  graduate  instruc¬ 
tion  in,  2  b.  Sheffield  scientific  school,  2  c. 
Faculty  of  theology,  767, 1  ab ;  of  law,  1  be ; 
of  medicine,  2  a.  Library,  2  b.  Museum 
of  natural  history,  2  c.  Buildings,  764,  2  ab 
(ills.:  library,  ib. ;  Sheffield  hall,  766;  di¬ 
vinity  colleges  and  Marquand  chapel,  ib. ; 
Peabody  museum,  768). 

Yale  lock ,  X.  563,  2  b. 

Yalkut  [yal-koot'],  in  Jewish  literature,  VIII. 
596,  1  a. 


YALOBUSHA 


YELLOW-ROOT 


805 


Yalobusha  [yal-o-boo'-sha],  (more  commonly 
Yalabusha),  county,  XYI.  768. 

Yalobusha  river,  XVI.  774,  1  a  (Yazoo). 

Yam,  plant,  XVI.  768  (ill.).  Wild,  2  c.  Cul¬ 
tivated  yams,  769,  1  a;  Chinese,  1  c  (ill.); 
Decaisne’s,  2  b. 

Yam'a ,  in  Hindoo  mythology,  IX.  225,  1  b, 
230,  2  a;  X.  117,  1  b. 

Yamabushi,  Japanese  sect,  IX.  539,  1  c. 
Yamachiche  [yam-a-sheesh'J,  county  seat,  XIV. 
548,  1  be. 

Yamadutas ,  Yama’s  messengers,  IX.  230,  2  a. 
Yamaska,  county  of  Canada,  XVI.  769. 
Yamassees :  see  Yemassees. 

Yam'hill,  county,  XVI.  769. 

Yam  suf,  or  suph  [yam  soof],  Hebrew  name 
of  the  Red  sea,  VI.  721,  2  c ;  XIV.  239, 1  c. 
Yancey,  county,  XVI.  769. 

Yanceyville ,  county  seat,  IV.  91,  1  ab. 

Yangtse  [yang-tse'],  river  of  China,  IV.  442, 2  ab. 
Yanina  :  see  Janina. 

Yankee,  XVI.  770. 

Yankee  Doodle,  popular  air,  XVI.  770.  Use 
of  it  forbidden  in  South  Carolina,  1  b. 
Yankton,  county,  XVI.  770. 

Yankton,  capital  of  Dakota,  XVI.  770. 
Yanktons  :  see  Sioux. 

Ya'pock,  marsupial  animal,  XVI.  770  (ill.). 
Yaquis  [ya'-kees],  Mexican  Indians,  XVI.  771. 
“  Yards ,”  of  the  moose,  VI.  539,  2  c. 

Yarhi :  see  Solomon  ben  Isaac. 

Yarkand',  city  of  Turkistan,  XVI.  771.  River, 
1  c. 

Yar'ke,  monkey,  XI.  752,  1  a. 

Yarmouth  [yar'-muth],  county  of  Nova  Scotia, 
XVI.  771.  Port  of  entry,  2  a. 

Yarmouth,  borough  of  England,  XVI.  771. 
Yaroslav  [ya-ro-slav'j,  government  of  Russia, 
XVI.  771.  Capital  city,  2  c. 

Yaroslav,  grand  duke  of  Russia :  see  Russia, 
XIV.  489,  2  a,  b. 

Yarranton ,  Andrew ,  on  political  economy,  XIII. 
666,  1  c. 

Yarrell,  William,  British  naturalist,  XVI.  772. 

On  the  plumage  of  birds,  VII.  106,  1  c,  2  b. 
Yarriba :  see  Yoruba. 

Yarrow,  plant,  XVI.  772  (ill.). 

Yarrow,  river  of  Scotland,  XVI.  772. 

Yarrow,  town  :  see  Jarrow. 

Yasous  II.  [ya'-soos],king  of  Abyssinia,  1.46, 1  c. 
Yassy  :  see  Jassy. 

Yates,  county,  XVI.  772. 

Yates,  Edmund  Hodgson,  English  novelist, 
XVI.  772. 


Yates,  William,  English  missionary,  XVI.  773. 

Yathreb :  see  Medina,  XI.  353,  1  c. 

Yaupon,  shrub,  XVI.  773  (ill.).  “  Black  drink  ” 
of  the  Indians,  2  a. 

Yavanas:  seeloNiANS,  IX. 330,  2 be;  331,  2  ab. 

Yavapai  [ya-va-pi'J,  county,  XVI.  773. 

Yavato  [ya-va'-to],  maggot,  VII.  110,  2  b. 

Yavnan  (Cyprus),  IX.  330,  2  c. 

Yawl:  see  Yacht,  XVI.  761,  2  c. 

Yazoo',  river  of  Mississippi,  XVI.  774. 

Yazoo,  county,  XVI.  774. 

Yazoo  City,  county  seat,  XVI.  774,  1  b. 

Yeames,  William  Frederick,  English  painter, 
XVI.  774. 

Year,  XVI.  774.  Sidereal,  2  ab  ;  mean  length, 
2  b.  Anomalistic,  2  c;  mean  length,  ib. 
Tropical,  775,  1  b;  mean  length,  1  be.  In¬ 
crease  in  length  since  the  age  of  Hipparchus, 
1  c. — Civil  year,  different  dates  of  its  com¬ 
mencement,  III.  579,  2  c,  ff.  See  Calendar, 
and  Chronology.  Great  or  Platonic  year, 
VII.  215,  2  ab.  Toltec  year,  XI.  481,  2  c. 

Yeast,  XVI.  775  (ills.) ;  VII.  142,  2  a  (ills., 
143). 

Yeast  plant ,  VII.  529,  2  a,  532,  2  a ;  XIII. 
573,  2  be.  See  Yeast. 

Yeast  Powders,  XVI.  777. 

Yed'o  :  see  Tokio  (Index). 

Yehudim  [ya-hoo-deem'] :  see  Hebrews. 

Yeisk  [yaisk],  town  of  Russia,  XVI.  778. 

Yekaterinburg  [ySh-ka-ter-in-boorg'],  city  of 
Russia,  XVI.  778  (view). 

Yekaterinodar',  town  of  Russia,  XVI.  778. 

Yekaterinograd',  town  of  Russia,  XVI.  778. 

Yekaterinoslav',  government  of  Russia,  XVI. 
778.  Capital  city,  779,  1  a. 

Yelisavetgrad  :  see  Elisabethgrad. 

Yell,  county,  XVI.  779. 

Yellow  Bird,  XVI.  779  (ill.).  Summer  yellow 
bird,  2  ab. 

Yellow-eyed  Grass,  XVI.  779. 

Yellow  Fever:  see  Fevers,  VII.  165,  2  c. 
Yellow  fever  zone,  ib.  Mild  yellow  fever, 
so  called,  169,  2  a. 

Yellow  flag,  sign  of  a  hospital,  IX.  7,  2  c. 

Yellow-hammer,  bird,  XVI.  780. 

“  Yellow  jacket ,”  wasp,  VIII.  823,  2  c. 

Yellow-legs,  bird,  XVI.  780. 

Yellow  Medicine,  county,  X\  I.  780. 

Yellow  osier ,  XVI.  646,  1  c. 

Yellow-poll  warbler,  bird,  XVI.  779,  2  ab. 

Yellow  pond  lily,  XVI.  502,  2  c  (ill.). 

Yellow  River:  see  China,  IV.  442,  2  a,  c. 

Yellow-root,  plant,  XVI.  780 ;  XIV.  65,  2  b. 


806 


YELLOWS 


YOUNG 


Yellows ,  the ,  vegetable  disease,  XIII.  208,  1  a. 
Yellow  Sea,  XVI.  780. 

Yellow  Springs,  village  of  Ohio,  XVI.  781. 
Yellowstone  National  Park  :  see  Wyoming, 
XVI.  750,  2  c  (map),  and  XIV.  376,  1  c. 
Yellowstone  River,  XVI.  781. 
Yellow-tiiroat,  bird,  XVI.  781  (ill.). 
Yellow-wood,  tree:  see  Virgilia/;  Osage 
Orange,  XII.  714,  2  b  ;  Prickly  Ash,  XIII. 
830,  1  c ;  Yellow-root,  XVI.  780,  2  ab. 
A  name  for  fustic,  VI.  342,  1  a. 

Yellville ,  county  seat,  XI.  .169,  1  a. 
Yemassees',  Indian  tribe,  XVI.  781 ;  XIV. 
833,  1  a. 

Yem'en,  Turkish  province  in  Arabia,  XVI.  782  ; 
I.  617,  2  c. 

Yemma ,  Japanese  deity,  IX.  539,  1  ab. 
Yenibazar :  see  Novibazar. 

Yenikale  [yen-e-ka/-la],  strait  of,  III.  113,  1  c. 
Yenisei  [yen-e-sa'-e],  river  of  Siberia,  XVI.  783. 
Yeniseisk  [yen-e-saisk'],  government  of  Sibe¬ 
ria,  XVI.  783.  Town,  2  c. 

Yenishehr  [yen-e-shair'J :  see  Larissa. 

Yerba  Buena  [yair'-ba  bwa'-na],  former  name 
of  San  Francisco,  XIV.  602,  2  a;  605, 1  a,  ab. 
F<?r5&?a?[yair'-ba-lace],  plantations,  XIII.65,1  c. 
Yerba  mate :  see  Mate,  and  XIII.  65,  1  c. 
Yericer ,  the ,  in  euchre,  VI.  769,  1  c. 

Yermak  Timofeyejf  [yair'-mak  te-mo-fa'-yef], 
conqueror  of  Siberia  (killed  1584),  XIV.  18, 
1  c ;  V.  391,  2  be. 

Yeshts,  in  the  Zend-Avesta,  XVI.  810,  2  c. 
Yesso :  see  Yezo. 

Yes  tor ,  granite  hill,  V.  693,  2  a. 

Yew,  tree,  XVI.  783  (ill.,  784).  English,  784, 
1  be ;  Darley  yew,  1  c  (ill.).  American,  785, 
1  a.  Irish,  1  ab.  Dwarf,  weeping,  &c.,  1  b. 
Silver-leaved,  ib.  Florida,  ib.  Pacific,  1  be. 
Mexican,  1  c.  Age  of,  I.  184,  1  a,  b. 
Yezdegerd  [yez'-de-jerd],  three  Persian  kings, 
XVI.  785.  Yezdegerd  III.,  2  a :  see  Sassa- 
nidje. 

Yezid  [yeh-zeed'],  caliph,  I.  13,  1  a. 

Yez'o,  island  of  Japan,  XVI.  785.  Its  inhabi¬ 
tants,  IX.  541,  2  a. 

Ymir  [e'-mer],  in  Scandinavian  mythology, 
XII.  119,  2  b. 

Yohni ,  XIII.  380,  2  c  (Phallic  Worship). 
Yoke,  passing  under  the,  IV.  136,  2  be. 
Yokohama  [yo-ko-ha'-ma],  city  of  Japan,  XVI. 
785. 

Yolk,  of  the  egg,  VI.  450,  2  c.  Segmentation  of 
in  mammals  discovered :  see  Barry,  Martin. 
Yolk,  of  wool;  XVI.  712,  2  c. 


Yolo,  county,  XVI.  786. 

Yomuts  [y  e-moots'], Turkoman  race,  IX.  820, 2  c. 
Yonge,  Charles  Duke  [yiing],  English  author, 
XVI.  786. 

Yonge,  Charlotte  Mary,  authoress,  XVI.  786. 
Yongh,  Vanayl  de :  see  Saint-Elme. 

Yonkers,  city  of  New  York,  XVI.  786. 

Yonne  [yun],  department  of  France,  XVI.  787. 
Yoritomo,  Japanese  hero,  IX.  542,  1  c. 

York,  five  counties,  United  States,  XVI.  787. 
York,  two  counties,  Canada,  XVI.  788. 

York,  city  of  Pennsylvania,  XVI.  788. 

York,  city  of  England,  XVI.  788.  York  min< 
ster,  2  b  (ill.) ;  IV.  119,  1  c. 

York,  county  seat,  XVI.  788,  1  b. 

York :  see  Toronto,  XV.  802,  1  ab. 

York,  Cardinal :  see  Stuart,  Henry  Benedict 
Maria  Clement. 

York,  Duke  of,  title,  XVI.  789.  Frederick, 
son  of  George  III.,  2  c :  see  Clarke,  Mary 
Anne.  Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  con¬ 
test  between  :  see  Boses,  war  of  the  (Index). 
Yorke,  Charles,  English  lawyer,  XVI.  790. 
Yorke,  Philip :  see  Hardwicke,  Earls  of. 

Charles  Philip,  ib. 

York  River,  Virginia,  XVI.  790. 

Yorkshire,  county  of  England,  XVI.  790. 
Yorktown,  village  of  Virginia,  XVI.  791.  First 
siege  of,  1  a.  Second,  1  c ;  IV.  410,  1  c,  ff. 
Yorktown  period,  in  geology,  XI.  622,  2  b. 
Yorkville,  county  seat,  XVI.  788,  1  ab. 

York  von  Wartenburg,  Hans  David  Ludwig, 
count,  Prussian  soldier,  XVI.  791. 

Yo'ruba,  country  of  Africa,  XVI.  791. 
Yosemite  [yo-sa-me'-ta],  valley  of  California, 
XVI.  792  (view).  (Map.)  Yosemite  fall, 

793,  1  c  (ilk). 

You att,  William  [yoo'-at],  English  veterinary 
surgeon,  XVI.  794. 

You'mans,  Edward  Livingston,  American  scien¬ 
tific  writer,  XVI.  794.  Eliza  Anne,  2  a. 
Young,  county,  XVI.  794. 

Young,  Alexander,  American  clergyman,  XVI. 

794. 

Young,  Arthur,  English  writer  on  agriculture, 
XVI.  794. 

Young,  Brigham,  Mormon  ruler,  XVI.  795  ; 

XI.  834,  2  a,  836,  1  b,  ff.  (Died  1877.) 
Young,  Charles  Augustus,  American  astrono¬ 
mer,  XVI.  795.  His  observation  of  a  solar 
explosion,  XV.  473,  2  c  (ills.)  ;  of  solar  spec¬ 
trum,  475,  1  a,  2  be. 

Young,  Edward,  English  poet,  XVI.  796 ;  VI. 
640,  1  ab. 


YOUNG 


ZAMACOIS 


807 


Young,  Thomas,  English  physicist,  XYI.  796. 
His  theory  of  interference  of  light,  X.  436, 
2  b ;  442,  1  c ;  443,  2  b. 

Young  Europe ,  political  association :  see  Maz- 
zini,  XI.  308,  1  b. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Associations,  XYI. 

796.  Young  women’s  Christian  associations, 

797.  2  be. 

Young's  modulus  of  elasticity ,  YI.  489,  1  a. 
Youngstown,  city  of  Ohio,  XYI.  797. 

Young  territory :  see  Texas,  XY.  669,  2  c. 
Youth ,  period  of  I.  181,  1  a. 

Yphan'tes  Baltimore  (ornithology),  II.  257, 1  c. 
Ypres  [eepr’],  city  of  Belgium,  XYI.  798. 
Ypsilanti,  city  of  Michigan,  XYI.  798. 
Ypsilanti,  or  Ypsilantis,  Greek  family,  XYI. 

798.  Athanasius,  1  c.  Alexander,  ib. ;  re¬ 
ferred  to,  I.  283,  2  be.  Constantine,  XYI. 
798,  1  c.  Alexander  (2d),  2  a.  Demetrius, 
2  b.  Prince  Gregory  Ypsilanti,  2  c. 

Yreka,  county  seat,  XY.  69,  2  b. 

Yriarte,  Ignacio  [e-re-ar'-ta],  Spanish  painter, 
XYI.  799. 

Yriarte,  Juan  de,  Spanish  scholar,  XYI.  799. 

Tomas  de,  author,  1  b. 

Ysano  [e-sa'-no],  plant,  XII.  155,  2  a. 

Yssel  [I'-sel],  river,  XII.  243,  1  a. 

Yttria  (chemistry),  XYI.  799,  2  a. 

Yttrium,  metal,  XYI.  799. 

Yuba  [yoo'-ba],  county,  XYI.  799. 

Yuba  City ,  county  seat,  XV.  495,  2  c. 

Yuca plant,  use  of  in  paper  making,  X.  475,  2  ab. 


Yucatan  [yoo-ka-tan'],  peninsula  of  Mexico, 
XVI.  799.  Ancient  remains,  800,  1  ab. 
History,  1  c. 

Yucatan,  state  of  Mexico,  XYI.  800. 

Yugas ,  era  of  the  Jains,  IX.  508,  1  be. 

Yugyakarta:  see  Jokjokerta. 

Yukon  River:  see  Alaska,  I.  240,  2  b. 

Yulan ,  tree  (magnolia),  XI.  20,  2  c. 

Yule,  Henry,  English  author,  XYI.  800. 

Yule  log ,  or  Christmas  block ,  IY.  551,  2  b. 

Yuma  [yoo'-ma],  county,  XYI.  800. 

Yuma ,  county  seat,  XVI.  801,  1  a. 

Yumala ,  Yumara,  Finnish  deity, YII.  206, 1  be. 

Yumas,  American  Indians,  XYI.  801. 

Yumula  :  see  Yumala  (Index). 

Yuncas  [yoon'-kas],  people  of  Peru,  XIII.  341, 
2  b ;  XIY.  150,  2  a. 

Yunnan',  province  of  China,  XVI.  801.  Eng¬ 
lish  expeditions  to,  2  b. 

Yunx  torquilla  (ornithology),  XYI.  741,  1  c 
(ill.). 

Yusuf  [yoo'-soof],  (Joseph),  son  of  Abdul- 
Aziz,  I.  16,  2  a. 

Yusuf  I.,  king  of  Granada  (1333-54),  referred 
to,  I.  310,  1  a. 

Yusuf  el- Feri,  emir,  I.  14,  2  a. 

Yusuf  ibn  Tashfyn ,  founder  of  Morocco,  and  of 
the  Almoravide  dynasty  in  Spain,  I.  345,  2  be. 

Yverdun,  or  Yverdon  [e-vair-dung,  -dong],  town 
of  Switzerland,  XYI.  801. 

Yvon,  Adolphe  [e-vong],  French  painter,  XYI. 
801. 


z 


Z,  a  letter,  XVI.  802.  Sounds  of  in  different 
languages,  1  ab.  As  a  numeral,  ib. 
Zaandam  [zan'-dam] :  see  Saardam. 

Zacapa  [sa-ka'-pa],  town  of  Guatemala,  XVI. 
802. 

Zacatecas  [sa-ka-ta'-kass],  state  of  Mexico, 
XYI.  802.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Zaccaria  [dzak-ka-re'-a],  a  founder  of  the  Bar- 
nabites,  II.  318,  2  c. 

ZAcn,  Franz  [tsakh],  German  astronomer,  XYI. 

802.  Baron  Anton,  2  c. 

Zachariah :  see  Zechariah. 

“ Zachary  Boyd's  Bible,"  III.  172,  1  ab. 

Zaclios  steno-phonotype  reporter,  XYI.  96,  2  b. 
ZACYNTnus :  see  Zante. 

Zadhurmuz  [zad-hoor'-mooz],  leader  of  a  Man- 
icheean  sect,  XI.  108,  1  c. 


Zaffre:  see  Cobalt,  IY.  767,  1  c. 

Zagazig,  town  of  Egypt,  XYI.  802. 

Zagos'kin,  Mikhail,  Russian  author,  XYI.  803. 

Zagreus  Diony'sus  [za'-gruce],  in  the  Orphic 
cosmogony,  XII.  711,  1  b. 

Za'gros,  mountain  range,  XYI.  803;  XIII. 
315,  1  a. 

Zahn,  Johann  Karl  Wilhelm  [tsan],  German 
architect  and  painter,  XYI.  803. 

Zaire  :  see  Congo,  Y.  241,  2  b. 

Zala  [zol'-aw],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI.  803. 

Zalaca,  battle  of  [tha-la'-ka],  I.  345,  2  c. 

Zaleucus,  Locrian  lawgiver,  XYI.  803. 

Za'ma,  town  of  Numidia,  XYI.  803.  Battle 
of,  VIII.  444,  1  ab. 

Zamacois,  Eduardo  [tha-ma-ko'-eece  or  -kois'], 
Spanish  painter,  XVI.  803. 


808 


ZAMAREA 


ZEREIDES 


Zamarra  [tha-m&r'-ra],  death  costume  of  vic¬ 
tims  of  the  inquisition,  IX.  295,  1  b. 
Zambesi  [zam-ba'-ze],  river  of  Africa,  XVI. 
803;  I.  166,  1  c. 

Zambos ,  half-breeds,  XII.  424,  1  ab. 

Zamojski,  Jan  [za-moi'-ske],  Polish  statesman, 
XVI.  804.  Andrzej,  count,  statesman,  1  c. 
Zamora  [tha-mo'-ra],  province  of  Spain,  XVI. 
804.  Capital  city,  2  b. 

Zamora  [sa-md'-ra],  original  name  of  Maracay- 
bo,  XI.  142,  1  c.  (Present  name  of  the  for¬ 
mer  state  of  Barinas,  Venezuela.) 

Zamora,  Antonio  de,  Spanish  dramatist,  XVI. 
804. 

Zamorin ,  rajah  of  Calicut,  VII.  605,  1  a,  c. 
Zamoyski :  see  Zamojski. 

Zampieri  [dzam-pya'-re] :  see  Domenichino. 
Zancle  [zan'-kle] :  see  Messina,  XI.  418,  1  be; 
VIII.  733,  2  c. 

Zanesville,  city  of  Ohio,  XVI.  804. 
Zanguebar  :  see  Zanzibar. 

Zanta ,  lake  of,  XIV.  725,  1  b. 

Zan'te,  Grecian  nomarchy,  XVI.  805.  Isl¬ 
and,  1  c.  “Zante  currants,”  ib.  Capital 
city,  2  a. 

Zany ,  harlequin,  VIII.  463,  1  c. 

Zanzibar,  country  of  Africa,  XVI.  805.  Isl¬ 
and,  806,  1  b.  City,  1  c. 

Zapata  [sa-pa'-ta],  county,  XVI.  806. 

Zapolya  [za'-po-lyaw] :  see  Hungary,  IX.  57, 
2  a,  ab ;  Austria,  II.  144,  1  b  ;  Ferdinand, 
VII.  132,  2  b. 

Zaporogians ,  Cossack  tribe,  V.  391,  2  a. 

Zaqui  [sa'-ke],  a  regal  title,  XII.  107,  2  ab. 
Zara  [za'-ra],  capital  of  Dalmatia,  XVI.  806. 
Zarand  [zor'-and],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI. 
806. 

Zarias'pe,  capital  of  Bactria,  II.  208,  1  be. 
Zauschne'ria  (botany),  XVI.  807.  Z.  Cali- 
fornica,  1  ab  (ill.). 

Zavala  [sa-va'-la],  county,  XVI.  807. 

Zax :  see  Slate,  XV.  88,  1  c. 

Zaylali :  see  Zeilah. 

Ze'a,  island  of  Greece,  XVI.  807. 

Zea'land,  province  of  the  Netherlands,  XVI. 
807. 

Ze’a  mays  (botany),  XI.  42,  1  ab.  Z.  crypto- 
sperma,  2  c. 

Zebra,  animal,  XVI.  807  (ill.). 

Zebu,  Indian  ox,  XVI.  808  (ill.). 

ZEBti  Island  :  see  CebIt. 

Zebulon ,  county  seat,  XIII.  511,  1  c. 

Zebulun,  son  of  Jacob,  XVI.  808. 

Zechariaii,  Hebrew  prophet,  XVI.  808. 


Zedekiah  :  see  Hebrews,  VIII.  589,  2  b. 
Zeeland  [za'-land] :  see  Zealand. 

Zeilah  [za'-la],  Egyptian  seaport,  XVI.  808. 
Zeisberger,  David  [tsice'-bair-gher],  Moravian 
missionary,  XVI.  809. 

Zeitz  [tsites],  town  of  Prussia,  XVI.  809. 
Zelle  :  see  Celle. 

Zeller,  Eduard  [tsel'-ler],  German  scholar, 
XVI.  809. 

Zeller,  Jules  Silvain  [zel-lair],  French  histo¬ 
rian,  XVI.  809. 

Zelter,  Karl  Friedrich  [tsel'-ter],  German  com¬ 
poser,  XVI.  810. 

Zemaun,  sovereign  of  Afghanistan,  1. 161,  1  a; 

VIII.  675,  1  a. 

Zem’indary ,  a  land  revenue  system  in  India, 

IX.  205,  2  c.  Zemindars,  landholders,  ib. ; 
II.  525,  1  c. 

Zemplen,  orZemplin  [zem'-plain,  -pleen],  coun¬ 
ty  of  Hungary,  XVI.  810. 

Zem-zem ,  holy  well:  see  Mecca,  and  I.  6,  2  c. 
Zenai’da  (ornithology),  XIII.  506, 1  c.  Z.  ama- 
bilis,  ib. 

Zenaida  Dove  :  see  Pigeon,  XIII.  506,  1  c. 
Zenaidura  Carolinensis  (ornithology),  XVI.  82, 

1  c  (ill.). 

Zend-Avesta,  the  Zoroastrian  scriptures,  XVI. 
810.  Zend,  1  c;  811,  1  a.  Avesta,  810, 

2  a ;  age  and  place  of  origin,  1  c.  Zoroas¬ 
trian  literature,  811,  1  ab.  Sanskrit  version 
of,  1  b.  Its  difficulties,  1  be. 

Zend  Language  :  see  Zend-Avesta.  Restora¬ 
tion  of  by  Burnouf,  III.  472,  1  b. 

Ze'nick  :  see  Suricate. 

Zenith,  XVI.  811.  Zenith  sector,  VI.  356,  2  a. 
Zeno,  of  Elea,  Greek  philosopher,  XVI.  811 ; 
XIII.  437,  1  b. 

Zeno,  Greek  philosopher,  XVI.  811 ;  XI.  809, 
2  b,  c ;  XIII.  438,  2  b. 

Zeno,  emperor  of  the  East,  XVI.  811. 

Zeno,  Apostolo  [dza'-no],  Italian  poet,  XVI.  812. 
Zeno,  Nicol6  and  Antonio,  Italian  navigators, 
XVI.  812. 

Zenobia,  Septimia,  queen  of  Palmyra,  XVI. 
812  ;  XIII.  28,  1  c.  See  Aurelian,  II.  119, 
2  ab. 

Zeolite,  mineral,  XVI.  813 ;  XV.  39,  1  c. 
ZEPnANiAH,  Hebrew  prophet,  XVI.  813. 
Zephyria :  see  Halicarnassus. 

Zerah ,  of  Scripture,  VI.  749,  2  ab. 

Zeram  :  see  Ceram. 

Zerbst  [tsairpst],  town  of  Germany,  XVI.  813. 
Zerda ,  African  animal,  VII.  131,  1  c. 

Zereides ,  Moorish  dynasty,  I.  304,  1  c. 


ZERHAZY 


ZONE 


809 


Zerhdzy  [zair'-M-ze] :  see  Esterhazy. 

Zeta,  early  name  of  Montenegro,  XI.  780,  1  c. 

Zetland  :  see  Shetland  Islands. 

Zet'terstedt,  Johan  Wilhelm,  Swedish  natu¬ 
ralist,  XVI.  813. 

Zettinie,  or  Zettinje  :  see  Cettigne. 

Zeugitana ,  ancient  district,  Africa,  XVI.  31, 1  c. 

Zeuglodon,  fossil  animal,  XVI.  813. 

Zeus  [zuce] :  see  Jupiter.  Zeus  Ammon,  I. 
426,  1  c.  Zeus  Canobus,  III.  720,  1  ab. 

Ze'us ,  genus  of  fishes,  VI.  219,  1  a.  Z.  faber 
(ill.),  ib. ;  ocellatus,  2  be. 

Zeus  Panhellenius ,  temple  of,  I.  140,  2  c. 

Zeux'is,  Greek  painter,  XVI.  814. 

Zeuze’radce  (entomology),  XI.  869,  2  ab. 

Zhitomir  [zhe-to'-mer],  town  of  Russia,  XVI. 
814. 

Zho,  hybrid  animal,  X.  88,  2  b. 

Zhukoff'ski,  Vasili,  Russian  poet,  XVI.  815. 

Zhukovsky,  I.  284,  1  a.  See  Zhukoffski. 

Zhupan,  Servian  chief,  XIV.  781,  2  b. 

Ziani,  Sebastiano  [dze-a'-ne],  doge  of  Venice, 
VI.  182,  2  ab.  Marriage  of  the  Adriatic 
instituted  by  him,  2  b;  III.  376,  2  ab. 

Zianides  [ze-an'-idz],  dynasty  of  Fez,  I.  304,  1  c. 

Zib'eth:  see  Civet,  IV.  617,  2  b. 

Zidon  :  see  Sidon. 

Ziem,  Felix  [zyang],  French  painter,  XVI.  815. 

Ziethen,  Hans  Ernst  Karl,  count  [tse'-ten], 
Prussian  soldier,  XVI.  815. 

Ziethen,  Hans  Joachim  von,  Prussian  soldier, 
XVI.  815. 

Zimmermann  [tsim'-mer-man],  chemist,  on  co¬ 
agulation  of  blood,  II.  733,  2  c ;  on  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  ammonia,  734,  1  a. 

Zimmermann,  Albert, German  painter,  XVI.  815. 

Zimmermann,  Clemens  von,  painter,  XVI.  815. 

Zimmermann,  Johann  Georg  von,  Swiss  phy¬ 
sician  and  author,  XVI.  815. 

Zinc,  metal,  XVI.  816.  Alloys  of,  817,  1  b. 
Uses  of,  1  c.  Compounds,  2  be ;  butter  of, 
818,  1  a.  nistory,  2  be.  Metallurgy,  820, 
1  b ;  manufacture  of,  1  c  ;  Hasenclever  fur¬ 
nace,  821,  1  b  (ill.);  English  method,  822, 
1  b ;  Silesian  and  Belgian,  1  c ;  Belgian  fur¬ 
nace,  823,  2  a  (ill.) ;  in  the  United  States, 
824,  1  be.  Zinc  white,  or  oxide  of  zinc, 
826,  1  a;  formation  of,  XIV.  584,  2  be. 
Chloride  of,  use  as  a  disinfectant,  VI.  134, 
1  be;  in  arresting  dry  rot  in  timber,  ib., 
and  XIII.  825,  1  be. 

Zincic  acetate ,  XVI.  818,  2  be;  chloride,  1  a; 
sulphate,  1  c. 

Zincite,  ore,  XVI.  820,  1  be. 


Zingarelli,  Nicold,  Italian  composer,  XV 1. 826. 
Zingian  dialect  (African),  I.  171,  1  be. 

Zin1 giber  offcina'le  (botany),  VII.  814,  1  c  (ill.). 
Zingis  Khan  :  see  Genghis  Khan. 

Zinguebar :  see  Zanzibar. 

Zinnia,  genus  of  plants,  XVI.  826.  Z.  elegans, 
827,  1  a  (ills.).  Other  species,  2  a. 
Zinzendorf,  Nikolaus  Ludwig,  count  [tsin'- 
tsen-dorf],  Moravian  bishop,  XVI.  827. 
Count  Christian  Renatus,  828,  1  be. 

Zion,  Mount,  XVI.  828. 

Zipa  [se'-pa],  Muysca  title,  XII.  107,  2  ab. 

Zips  [tsips],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI.  828. 
Zircon,  mineral,  V.  538,  2  c.  See  Zirconium. 
Zirconia,  XVI.  829,  1  b  (Zirconium). 
Zirconium,  metal,  XVI.  828. 

Zis'ka,  John,  Hussite  military  leader,  XVI.  829. 
Zittau  [tsit'-tow],  town  of  Saxony,  XVI.  830. 
Ziu  [tse'-oo],  Swabian  god,  XII.  120,  1  c. 
Zizania  aquatica  (botany),  XIV.  310,  1  b  (ill.). 
Z.  miliacea,  2  b. 

Zizim  [ze-zeem'],  brother  of  Bajazet  II.,  II.  101, 
1  a ;  227,  2  b. 

Zizka :  see  Ziska. 

Zizyphus  (botany),  IX.  709,  1  b.  Z.  vulgaris, 
ib.  (ill.) ;  jujuba,  2  b ;  lotus,  ib. ;  Baclei,  ib. 
Zlaam,  class  of  Druses,  VI.  274,  2  a. 

Znaym  [tsnime],  city  of  Moravia,  XVI.  830. 
Zoantho'ria,  I.  74,  2  a  (Actinia). 

Zoar,  village  of  Ohio,  XVI.  830.  Zoar  soci¬ 
ety,  2  b;  XV.  140,  2  b. 

Zo'ar,  village  of  Palestine,  X.  645,  2  ab. 
Zoar'ces  (ichthyology),  II.  710,  2  ab.  Z.  vivip- 
arus  and  anguillaris,  2  b. 

Zodiac  (astronomy),  XVI.  830. 

Zodiac  of  Denderah,  VI.  7,  2  a;  X.  373,  2  c. 

Of  Esne,  ib. ;  VI.  728,  1  a. 

Zodi'acal  Light,  XVI.  831. 

Zoe'a,  young  crab,  V.  449, 1  a.  Zoea  stage,  ib. 
Zoega,  Georg  [zo-a'-ga],  Danish  antiquary, 
XVI.  832. 

Zohak,  castle  of,  ruins,  II.  262,  2  b. 

Zohrab,  Armenian  Biblical  scholar,  I.  727,  1  c. 
Zo'ilus,  ancient  critic,  XVI.  833. 

Zollern:  see  Hohenzollern. 

Zollverein  [tsul'-fer-ine],  German  customs 
union,  XVI.  833 ;  VII.  748,  1  c,  754,  2  c, 
755,  2  b,  758,  1  b,  759,  1  c. 

Zolyom  [zo'-lyom],  county  of  Hungary,  XVI. 
833. 

Zombor,  city  of  Hungary,  XVI.  833. 

Zonaras,  Joannes,  Byzantine  historian,  XVI. 
833. 

Zone,  geographical,  XVI.  834. 


810 


ZONOTRICHIA 


ZYMOTIC 


Zonotrichia  [zo-no-trik'-e-a],  (ornithology), 
VII.  191,  2  b.  Z.  graminea,  2  be;  Lincolnii, 
192, 1  a  (ill.) ;  lencopbrys,  XV.  229, 1  be  (ill.). 

Zoography  [zo-og'-ra-fe],  a  description  of  ani¬ 
mals,  I.  510,  2  c. 

Zoology,  scientific  study  of  the  animal  king¬ 
dom,  XVI.  834;  I.  510,  2  c. 

Zooloos,  South  African  nation,  XVI.  834  (ill , 
III.  546);  XII.  156,  1  c. 

Zoonomy ,  comparative  physiology,  I.  510,  2  c. 

Zobph'yta  helianthoi1 dea,  I.  74,  2  a  (Actinia). 

Zo'ophytes  (zoology),  XVI.  834;  I.  510,  1  b; 
V.  339,  2  a;  XIII.  689,  1  c. 

Zoospore,  spore  of  algie,  I.  300,  1  c. 

Zobthome ,  V.  339,  2  a  (Coral). 

Zootomy,  comparative  anatomy,  I.  510,  2  c. 

Zorndorf  [tsorn'-dorf],  (village  near  Kustrin), 
battle  of,  VII.  457,  1  b. 

Zoroaster  [zo-ro-as'-ter],  founder  of  the  ancient 
Persian  religion,  XVI.  834;  IX.  346,  1  c, 
2  a.  Modern  followers  of:  see  Guebres, 
and  Parsees.  Zoroastrian  literature  :  see 
Zend-Avesta. 

Zorrilla  y  Moral,  Jose  [thore-re'-lya  e  mo¬ 
ral'],  Spanish  poet,  XVI.  835. 

ZosTmus,  Greek  historian,  XVI.  835. 

Zos'tera  (botany),  XVI.  733, 1  b.  Z.  nana,  1  c ; 
marina,  1  a  (ill.),  III.  733, 1  be ;  vallisneria,  ib. 

Zouaves  [zwavz],  in  the  French  army,  XVI. 
835.  In  the  United  States  army,  2  be. 

Zozo'ro,  plant,  X.  810,  1  b. 

Zrinyi,  Miklos,  count  [zrin'-ye],  Hungarian  sol¬ 
dier,  XVI.  835. 

Zschokke,  Johann  Heinrich  Daniel  [tshuk'- 
keh],  German  author,  XVI.  836. 

Zucoarelli,  Francesco  [dzook-ka-rel'-le],  Ital¬ 
ian  painter,  XVI.  836. 

Zucoaro,  Taddeo  [dzook-ka'-ro],  Italian  paint¬ 
er  XVI.  836.  Federigo,  painter,  2  c. 

Zug  [tsoog  or  tsookh],  Swiss  canton,  XVI.  837. 
Lake  of,  1  b.  Capital,  1  c.  Derivation  of 
the  name,  XV.  529,  1  b. 

Zuider  Zee  :  see  Zuyder  Zee. 

Zuinglius  :  see  Zwingli. 


Zulu  dialect  [zoo-loo'],  1. 1 71, 1  c.  See  Zooloos. 

Zumbuscii,  Kaspar  [tsoom'-boosh],  German 
sculptor,  XVI.  837. 

Zumpt,  Karl  Gottlob  [tsoompt],  German  schol¬ 
ar,  XVI.  837.  August  Wilhelm,  2  ab. 

ZuStga  :  see  Ercilla  y  Zuniga. 

Zunu  breed  of  sheep  [zoo-noo'J,  XIV.  837,  2  b. 

Zunz,  Leopold  [tsoonts],  German  Hebraist, 
XVI.  837. 

Zurbaran,  Francisco  [thoor-ba-ran'],  Spanish 
painter,  XVI.  837. 

Zurich  [zu'-rik ;  Ger.  tsti'-rich],  Swiss  canton, 
XVI.  838.  Capital  city,  1  c.  Derivation  of 
the  name,  XV.  529,  1  b. 

Zurich,  Lake  of,  XVI.  838. 

Zurita,  Geronimo  [thoo'-re-ta],  Spanish  histo¬ 
rian,  XVI.  838 ;  XV.  221,  1  c. 

Zut'phen,  city  of  the  Netherlands,  XVI.  839. 
Battle  of,  1  b. 

Zutugil  nation  [thoo-too-kheel'j,  referred  to 
XIV.  149,  2  be. 

Zuyder  Zee  [zoi'-der  za],  bay  or  gulf  of  Hol¬ 
land,  XVI.  839. 

Zuzims,  VIII.  816,  2  b  (Horites). 

Zweibrucken  [tswl'-briik-ken],  city  of  Bavaria, 
XVI.  839.  County,  2  c;  duchy,  ib. 

Zwickau  [tswik'-kow],  city  of  Saxony,  XVI 
840. 

Zwingli,  Ulric  or  Huldreich  [tswin'-gle],  Swiss 
reformer  and  patriot,  XVI.  840.  His  view 
of  the  sacrament,  X.  639,  1  b. 

Zwirner,  Ernst  Friedrich  [tsweer'-ner],  Ger¬ 
man  architect,  XVI.  843. 

Zwolle  [zwdl'-l&h],  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
XVI.  843. 

Zygce'na  (ichthyology),  XIV.  830,  1  b.  Z. 
malleus,  ib.  (ill.). 

Zygamidm  (ichthyology),  XIV.  830,  1  a. 

Zygapoph'ysis  (anatomy),  XIII.  424,  2  c  (ill.). 

Z ygne'ma  (botany),  XIII.  574,  1  b  (ill.). 

Zygob'atis  (ichthyology),  XIV.  223,  1  c. 

Zymo'sis,  in  pathology,  XVI.  843. 

Zymot'ic  diseases,  VII.  165,  2  c;  XV.  152,  1  c. 
See  Zymosis. 


THE  EXD» 


AN  ANALYTICAL  INDEX 


TO  THE 


ABBE 

Abbe,  Cleveland,  American  physicist,  I.  809. 

Abbot,  American  engineer.  His  theory  of  bar 
formation,  IX.  857,  2  c,  858, 1  a. 

Abbot,  Josiah  G.,  American  statesman,  VI. 
814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Abbu  Hubba,  Chaldea,  I.  822,  2  a. 

Abdul-Aziz  [ab-dool-a-zeez'J,  Turkish  sultan, 
deposed,  XI.  891,  2  c;  XIY.  891,  1  c. 

Abdul  Hamid ,  II.  [ab-dool  ha-meed'],  Turkish 
sultan,  XI.  891,  2  c ;  XIY.  891,  2  c. 

Abdul- Kerim  Pasha,  Turkish  commanding  gen¬ 
eral,  XIY.  892,  2  a,  b. 

Abdul-Medjid  [ab-dool-med-jeed'j,  sultan  of 
Turkey,  XIY.  891,  2  a. 

Abdurrahman,  brother  of  Shere  Ali,  I.  812, 
1  a. 

Aberdeen',  Scotland,  Lord  Lindsay’s  observa¬ 
tory  at,  XII.  845,  2  a. 

Abner,  Capt.,  English  soldier,  XY.  904,  2  be. 

AchenbacJi,  Andreas  [a-khen-bakh],  painter, 
XVI.  854,  2  c. 

Acne,  skin  disease,  XY.  882,  1  a. 

Actinophone,  XIV.  885,  1  c. 

Adakh,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 

Adams,  Gen.,  special  Indian  agent,  Y.  805,  2  c. 

Adams,  John  Couch,  astronomer,  XI.  898,  2  b ; 
director  of  Cambridge  observatory,  XII. 
845,  1  ab;  XY.  914,  1  c. 

Aerophone  [a'-er-o-phone],  instrument  for  mag¬ 
nifying  sound,  YI.  807,  2a,  b. 

Afghanistan',  alleged  causes  of  the  war  of 
1878— ’9,  I.  810  ;  a  treaty  negotiated,  811,  be. 

Agattu,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 


ALEUTIAN  ISLANDS 

Ahmed ,  Pasha :  see  Arabi. 

Ainmuller,  Maximilian  Emanuel  [Ine'-mul-ler], 
artist,  XII.  825,  2  c. 

Airy,  Sir  George  B English  astronomer.  His 
lunar  theory,  XI.  898,  2  ab;  of  the  royal  ob¬ 
servatory,  Greenwich,  XII.  844,  2  c. 

Akhun ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2 
c;  819,  2  a. 

Akkas,  race  of  dwarfs,  I.  812. 

Akron,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Aksakoff,  Iran,  founder  of  the  Panslavic  move¬ 
ment,  XIII.  855,  2  c,  856,  2  a,  c. 

Akutan,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b,  818,  2  c ; 
819,  1  b,  2  b. 

Alabama,  population  and  counties  of,  I.  812 ; 
resources  of,  ib. ;  financial  condition  of,  813, 
1  a,  b ;  turpentine  interest  in,  VII.  851, 1  c. 

Alameda,  California,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Alas'ka,  territory,  extent  of,  I.  813  ;  origin  of 
name,  2  a;  shore  line  of,  2  b ;  surface  of,  c ; 
its  mountains,  814,  1  a,  b ;  climate,  c,  2  b ; 
productions,  c,  815,  1;  inhabitants,  2;  816, 
1  a;  business  centres,  b;  politics  of,  be;  fur 
trade,  2  a,  b;  whale  fishery,  c;  fisheries, 
817, 1  a,  b ;  minerals,  b,  c,  2  a;  forests,  a,  b  ; 
history,  b,  c,  818,  1  a,  b;  Russian  trading 
companies,  b,  c,  2  a;  surrendered  to  the 
United  States,  b ;  authorities  on,  ib. ;  forests 
in,  VII,  852,  1  c,  2  a. 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b ;  observatory  at, 
844,  2  b ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Albinos ,  XY.  888,  2  a. 

Aleu'tian  Islands,  position  and  divisions  of, 


812 


ALEUTS 


ARGELANDER 


I.  818;  extent  of,  819,  1  a;  volcanoes,  hot 
springs  and  earthquakes,  b ;  vegetation  in, 
c ;  settlements  in,  ib.,  2  a ;  harbors  and  passes, 
b ;  authorities  on,  c. 

Aleuts  [al'-ey-oot],  a  race  of  people  in  Alaska, 
I.  815,  2  b ;  comparatively  civilized,  816,  1 
b  ;  seal  fishing  of,  2  b  ;  ill-treatment  of,  818, 
1  a,  c;  derivation  of,  819,  1  a;  origin  of,  2 
a,  b. 

Alexander  II,  Emperor  of  Russia,  death  of,  I. 
819,  2  c,  820,  1  b ;  nihilism  in  the  reign  of, 
XII.  835,  1  c;  attempts  on  the  life  of,  838, 
1  b;  Panslavism  in  the  reign  of,  XIII.  856, 

1  a ;  concludes  an  armistice  with  Turkey, 
XIV.  893,  2  b. 

Alexander  III.,  Alexandrovitch,  Emperor  of 
Russia,  I.  819.  Proclamations  of  the  Nihil¬ 
ists,  820,  1  a,  b,  c.  Coronation,  2  a.  His 
children,  ib.  In  the  Russo  -  Turkish  war, 
XIV.  892,  2  c;  893,  1  a. 

Alexander  VII.,  pope,  XII.  842,  2  a. 

Alexander ,  Prince  of  Battenburg  and  Bulgaria, 
XIV.  894,  2  a. 

Alexander ,  Prince  of  Hesse,  XIV.  894,  2  a. 
Alexander  Vogorides ,  Prince  (Aleko  Pasha), 
XIV.  894,  2  a. 

Alexander  Archipelago,  I.  820. 

Alexandria  Bay ,  New  York,  XV.  921,  1  a. 
Alexandria ,  Egypt,  VI.  809,  1  a,  811,  1  b; 
riot  in,  c;  bombardment  of,  2  a;  fortifica¬ 
tion  of,  812,  1  b;  obelisks  at,  XII.  842,  1  b, 

2  c;  pharos  of,  XIV.  896,  2  c;  catacombs 
of,  897,  1  a. 

Alexandria ,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Alfonso  XII.,  King  of  Spain,  I.  820. 

Ali  Pasha ,  I.  821,  1  a. 

Alison ,  Sir  Archibald ,  at  Alexandria,  VI.  812, 

1  b. 

Allegheny ,  Pa.,  Observatory  of,  XI.  898,  1  c; 
XII.  844,  1  c.  Population  of,  XIII.  861, 

2  ab. 

Allen ,  Prof.,  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin, 
his  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Allen ,  William ,  governor  of  Ohio,  VIII.  840, 

1  b. 

Allentown ,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  b. 

Alopecia,  or  baldness,  XV.  888,  2  b. 

Altoona ,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Amatignak ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I. 
818,  2  c. 

Ambler ,  Dr.,  American  explorer,  I.  833,  1  a; 
V.  828,  2  a. 

Amchitka,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818, 

2  c ;  819,  1  be. 


Amherst  College,  observatory  at,  XV.  915,  2  b. 
Amherst  Island ,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands, 
XV.  920,  2  c. 

Amici,  telescope  maker,  XV.  914,  1  c,  915,  1  b. 
Amlia,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Amukhta,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818, 
2  c,  819,  2  b. 

Anderson,  Ada,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  2  ab. 
Anderson,  Mary,  American  actress,  I.  820. 
Andrassy,  Count,  Austrian  chancellor,  XIV. 
891,  1  a,  b,  c. 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  observatory  at,  XII.  844, 
2  a;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Annapolis,  Md.,  XI.  879,  2  b. 

Antofagasta,  Bolivia,  nitrate  deposits  at,  IV. 
813,  1  be. 

Appleton,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

Arabi  AnMED  Pasha,  Egyptian  soldier,  I.  820. 
Ordered  to  preserve  order  in  Alexandria, 
821,  1  b.  Defeated  by  the  English,  c.  Ban¬ 
ished,  2  a;  II.  816,  2  a.  Presents  Arab 
grievances  to  the  khedive,  VI.  810,  1  be. 
Made  minister  of  war,  811,  1  a.  At  Kafr 
Dawar,  812,  1  a.  He  spares  the  Suez  canal, 
c.  Surrenders,  813,  1  b. 

Arabi  Bey :  see  Arabi  Ahmed  Pasha. 

Arbor  vitce,  tree,  VII.  852,  2  a,  c. 

Archaeology  [ar-ke-ol'-o-je],  I.  821.  Prof. 
Maspero’s  discoveries  in  Egypt,  2  b,  c.  He 
enters  ancient  pyramids,  822,  1  a.  Discov¬ 
eries  relating  to  Pharaoh,  b.  To  the  deluge, 
be.  To  Babylon,  c.  Sippara,  2  a,  b.  Olym¬ 
pia,  c,  823,  1. 

Archery,  Modern,  (ills.)  I.  827,  828;  I.  823. 
Experts  in,  2  c.  Targets,  824,  1  a.  Ladies 
proficient  in,  be.  Royal  Company  of  Arch¬ 
ers,  c.  Woodmen  of  Arden,  825,  1  a.  Royal 
Toxophilite  Society,  b.  Tables  of  scores, 
2  b.  In  America,  c.  The  bow,  826,  1  b. 
The  string,  2  c.  The  arrow,  827,  1  b.  Bra¬ 
cer  and  finger  tips,  2  b.  Quiver,  c.  Method 
of  shooting,  828,  1  a.  Physical  effects,  830, 
1  b.  Vocabulary  of,  2  b.  Books  on,  831, 

1  c. 

Arcimis,  Seilor,  director  of  the  Madrid  obser¬ 
vatory,  XII.  846,  2  b. 

Arctic  Discovery,  I.  831.  Map,  833.  Expe¬ 
dition  under  Capt.  Nares,  831,  2  ab.  One 
under  Capt.  Young,  832,  1  a.  One  under 
De  Long  and  Chipp,  1  c.  Capt.  Howgate’s 
plan,  833, 1  a.  Discoveries  of  Nordenskjold, 

2  c.  Expedition  under  Schwatka,  834,  1  c. 
Argelander ,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  August  [ar'- 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC 


BALTIMORE 


813 


gh8h-lan-der],  German  astronomer,  XV.  895, 

2  bo,  896,  1  a,  c,  2  a. 

Argentine  Republic.  Observatory  at  Cordoba, 
XII.  846,  2  b ;  XV.  894,  2  b,  896,  2  a,  914, 

1  c. 

Arizona  Territory,  I.  884.  Financial  condi¬ 
tion  of,  835, 1  a,  b.  Mining  resources,  2  a,  b,  c. 
Indians  in,  836,  1  a,  2  a.  Forests  in,  VII. 
852,  1  b,  2  b,  c,  854,  1  a,  b,  c. 

Arkansas  [ar'-kan-saw],  state,  I.  836.  Coun¬ 
ties  and  population,  1  b,  c,  2  b,  c.  Suit  against 
Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  railroad,  2  c. 
Forests  in,  VII,  851,  2  c. 

Arles  [arl],  France,  obelisk  at,  XII,  842,  2  b. 
Armstrong,  John,  American  soldier,  I.  837. 
Army  Worm,  I.  837  (ills.).  In  moth  state,  1  c. 
Caterpillar  state,  2  b.  On  the  march,  838, 

1  b.  Various  invasions  of,  c.  Preventives, 

2  a,  b.  Its  parasites,  c. 

Arnin,  Harry  von,  German  statesman,  I.  838. 
Arnold,  George,  American  poet,  I.  839. 
Arnold,  Isaac  Newton,  American  author,  I. 
839. 

Arnold,  Samuel  Greene,  American  historian,  I, 
839. 

Arthur,  Chester  Alan,  twenty-first  president 
of  the  United  States,  I.  839.  Collector  of 
the  port  of  New  York,  840,  1  a;  vice-presi¬ 
dent,  2  a  ;  his  cabinet,  b. 

Ash ,  tree,  VII.  850,  1  c ;  green  ash,  2  b. 

Ashe,  of  Quebec  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 
Aspen,  tree,  VII.  850,  1  be. 

Asten,  Dr.  von,  astronomer,  V.  808,  1  b. 
Asteroids,  II.  801 ;  table  of,  801,  802. 

Asthma,  remedy  for,  VIII.  837,  2  a;  IX.  854, 
1  a ;  XV.  903,  1  b. 

Astley,  Sir  John,  patron  of  sport,  XIII.  858, 
1  b,  c. 

Astoria,  Oregon,  XII.  854,  1  a. 

Astronomy,  II.  802 ;  works  on,  809,  2  c. 

Comets,  V.  806,  2  b. 

Atchison,  Kansas,  IX.  868,  2  c. 

Athens,  observatory  at,  XV.  915,  1  c. 

Athens,  Ga.,  VII.  860,  2  b. 

Athens,  Tenn.,  university  at,  XV.  917,  1  a. 
Atka,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c, 
819,  2  a,  b. 

Atkinson,  Edward,  organizes  an  exhibition  of 
cotton,  II.  803,  1  a. 

Atlanta  Cotton  Exposition  (ill.),  II.  803 ; 
VII.  859,  2  c. 

Atlanta,  Ga.,  cotton  factory  at,  VII.  860,2  a; 
population,  b. 

Atrophia:  see  Atrophic  Affections. 


At'rophic  affections  of  the  skin,  XV.  880,  2  a,  c, 
888,  2  a. 

Attu ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c, 
819,  2  a,  b. 

Auburn,  Me.,  XI.  875,  2  b. 

Auburn,  N.  Y.,  prison  at,  XII.  834,  2  c,  835, 

1  b;  steam  heating  at,  XV.  899,  1  b. 

Augier,  Guillaume  Victor  Emile  [o-ghe-a], 

French  dramatist,  X.  855,  2  c. 

Augusta,  Ga.  Its  cotton  factories,  VII.  859, 

2  c ;  population,  860,  2  b. 

Augusta,  Me.,  XI.  875,  2  b. 

Augustus,  Emperor  of  Rome,  brings  an  obelisk 
from  Heliopolis,  XII.  842,  1  c. 

Aurora,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Austin ,  Texas,  college  at,  XV.  919,  1  b;  asy¬ 
lums,  2  b ;  population,  920,  1  b. 

Australia,  Ostrich  farming  in,  XII.  854,  2  a ; 

pituri  found  in,  XIII.  862,  2  a. 

Avatanak,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  819, 
2  a. 

Averysboro,  N.  C.,  II.  804. 

Ayrton,  Prof,  electrician,  VI.  816,  2  a. 

Bab'ylon,  Chaldea,  I.  822,  1  c,  2a;  hanging 
gardens  of,  XIV.  896,  2  c. 

Bacteria :  see  Germ  Theory  op  Disease. 
Badger,  George  Percy ,  Arabic  scholar,  XIV. 
886,  1  a. 

Baeyer,  chemist.  His  process  of  making  indi¬ 
go,  IX.  846,  1  c,  847,  1  b. 

Bagehot,  Walter,  English  author,  II.  804. 
Bailey,  James  Montgomery,  American  hu¬ 
morist,  II.  804. 

Bailly,  Leon  [ba-ye],  French  painter,  XV. 
921,  2  c. 

Bakhuysen,  van  der  Sande  [bak'-hoi-zen],  direc¬ 
tor  of  the  Leyden  observatory,  XII.  846, 1  b. 
Bakunin,  Michael  [ba-koo-nin'],  Russian  revo¬ 
lutionist,  XII.  836,  1  b;  journal  of,  2  c;  his 
death,  837, 1  a,  2  b  ;  his  successor,  838,  2  c ;  his 
sympathy  with  Panslavism,  XIII.  855,  2  be. 
Baldness,  XV.  888,  2  b. 

Balfour,  Francis  Maitland,  English  physicist, 
II.  804. 

Ball,  Dr.,  director  of  the  Dunsink  observa¬ 
tory,  Dublin,  XII.  845,  1  b ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 
Balsam ,  tree,  VII.  850,  1  be,  852,  1  c. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Johns  Hopkins  University 
at,  IX.  864,  1  c;  hospital  at,  XI.  878,  2  a. 
Schools,  b;  cotton-mills,  879,  1  a.  Popula¬ 
tion,  2  b.  Oleomargarine  factory  at,  XII. 
852,  1  a. 


814 


BANCROFT 


BIMETALLISM 


Bancroft ,  Dr.,  XIII.  862,  2  a. 

Bangor ,  Maine,  XL  875,  2  b. 

Baquemado ,  [ba-ka-ma'tfAo],  Chilian  com¬ 
mander,  IV.  815,  1  b. 

Barclay ,  observatory  of,  at  Leyton,  XII.  845, 
1  c;  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Barclay- Allardice,  Robert  (Robert  Barclay), 
pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  1  c,  2  a. 

Bargossi ,  Italian  pedestrian,  XIII.  859,  2  c. 

Barker,  Prof. ,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XV.  907, 
1  a. 

Barnard ,  </.  £.,  American  general,  on  opening 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  IX.  857,  1  c,  2 
a,  859,  2  c. 

Barneby ,  of  the  Worcester  observatory,  XV. 
915,  1  a. 

Barrias  [bar-re-a],  French  painter,  XVI.  849, 
1  a. 

Barringer ,  V.  C.,  American  statesman,  XV. 
922,  1  be. 

Barry ,  Thomas  F. ,  captain  of  an  American 
whaling  schooner,  I.  834,  1  c. 

Barton,  Clara,  American  philanthropist,  II. 
805. 

Basutos,  tribe  of  S.  Africa,  II.  805.  They 
swear  allegiance  to  England,  1  c.  Rebellion 
among,  2 ;  expense  to  England,  806,  1  a. 

Bates  college  (U.  S.)  observatory ,  XV.  915, 
1  c. 

Baton  Rouge ,  La.  [bat'-un-roozh],  X.  865,  2  c. 

Battenberg ,  Prince  Alexander ,  of  Bulgaria,  III. 
804,  2  a. 

Baudelaire,  Charles  Pierre  [bode-lare],  French 
poet,  II.  806. 

Bay ,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Bayard,  Thomas  Francis,  American  states¬ 
man,  II.  806 ;  of  the  electoral  commission, 
VI.  814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Bayley ,  Col.,  English  soldier,  attacked  by  the 
Basutos,  II.  805,  2  b. 

Bayley,  G.  IF.  R.,  American  engineer.  His  ap¬ 
pointment  on  the  jetty  work,  IX.  859,  2  c. 

Beaconsfeld,  Earl  [bek'-uns-feeld],  Benjamin 
Disraeli,  V.  816,  2  b. 

Beale,  Lionel  S.,  English  physician,  his  opposi¬ 
tion  to  germ  theory,  VII.  864,  1  ab,  2  a. 

Beard,  George  Miller,  American  physician,  II. 
807. 

Bearded  women,  XV.  887,  2  c. 

Bede,  Guthbert :  see  Bradley,  Edward. 

Bedgery,  XIII.  862,  1  c. 

Beech,  tree,  VII.  850,  2  b,  851,  2  c. 

Beetles,  Holub’s  collection  of,  VIII.  843,  2  a. 

Behring,  Vitus  [ba'-ring],  navigator,  I.  817,  2 


b,  c;  discoverer  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  819, 
2  b. 

Behrmann  [bair'-man],  astronomer,  XV.  894, 
2  b,  896,  1  c. 

Bell,  his  steel  process,  XV.  899,  2  a. 

Bell,  Alexander  Graham,  inventor,  XIII.  862, 
1  a,  c;  XIV.  883,  2  b,  884,  1  a,  2  a;  XV. 
909,  2  b.  His  telephone  (ills.),  c,  910,  911,  1  c. 

Bell,  Thomas,  English  naturalist,  II.  807. 

Bender.  His  steel  process,  XV.  899,  2  a. 

Bennett ,  James  Gordon,  buys  the  Pandora  and 
renames  her  the  Jeannette,  I.  832,  1  c;  in¬ 
troduces  polo,  XIII.  865,  1  c. 

Bennington,  Vt.,  XVI.  848,  2  c. 

Benson,  Edward  White,  English  clergyman, 
II.  807. 

Bentonville,  N.  C.,  II.  808. 

Benzine,  discovery  of,  X.  861,  2  c. 

Bergh,  Henry,  American  reformer,  II.  808. 

Bering :  see  Behring. 

Berlin  observatory,  XII.  845,  2  c;  XV.  915, 
1  a. 

Berlioz,  Hector  [bair-lyo],  French  composer, 
XVI.  855,  1  c. 

Berneux  [bair-niih],  missionary  in  Corea,  V. 
815,  1  c. 

Bernhardt,  Sarah,  French  actress,  II.  809. 

Bernini,  Giovanni  Lorenzo  [bair-ne-ne],  Italian 
sculptor  and  architect,  erects  the  obelisk  of 
the  Piazza  Pavona,  XII.  842,  2  a. 

Bernouilli,  Baniel  [bair-nool-ye],  inventor  of 
the  kinetic  theory  of  gases,  X.  862,  1  a. 

Bessel,  stellar  researches  of,  XV.  894,  2  c.  Of 
the  Konigsberg  observatory,  915,  1  b. 

Bessemer,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  a. 

Bessemer,  Henry,  English  engineer.  His  fur¬ 
nace,  XV.  899,  1  c,  2  a,  c,  900,  1  ab. 

Bibles,  ip  the  Lenox  library,  X.  860,  2  b. 

Bicycle,  II.  809  (ill.).  Weight  of,  2  c.  Ori¬ 
gin  of,  810,  1  a,  b.  Improvements  in,  b. 
Works  on,  2  b. 

Biddeford ,  Me.,  XI.  875,  2  b. 

Biddulph,  A.  S.,  English  general,  occupies 
Candahar,  I.  811,  1  ab. 

Bilimek,  Major  von,  Hungarian  officer.  His 
modification  of  the  Kriegsspiel,  X,  855,  2  a. 

Billings,  J.  S.,  U.  S.  surgeon-general’s  office. 
His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  be. 

Bimetallism,  II.  810.  Definition,  2  c.  Stand¬ 
ard  of  gold  and  silver  changed,  811,  1  b. 
World’s  stock  of  gold  and  silver,  2  a.  Argu¬ 
ments  for  monometallism,  b,  c,  814,  1  be. 
Table  of  the  two  metals  as  coin,  812,  1  b. 
Silver  production  in  U.  S.  A.,  2  b.  German 


BINGHAMTON 


BROMHEAD 


815 


stock  of  silver,  b.  Trade  dollar,  813,  2  a. 
International  bimetallic  congress,  b.  Annual 
production  of  gold  and  silver,  814,  1  b.  Ar¬ 
gument  for  bimetallism,  c. 

Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  insane  asylum,  XII.  834. 

2  b.  Population,  835,  1  b. 

Biorka ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  819,  2  a. 
Birch ,  tree,  VII.  850,  1  c,  852,  1  a. 
Birmingham ,  his  catalogue  of  red  stars,  XV. 
896,  1  b. 

Birt,  of  the  London  observatory,  XV.  915, 
1  b. 

BirthmarTc ,  skin  affection,  XV.  886,  2  c. 
Bishop ,  of  the  London  observatory,  XV.  915, 
1  b. 

Bismarck,  Dak.,  II.  814;  V.  821,  2  a. 
Bismarck- Schiinhausen,  Otto  Eduard  Leopold, 
Prince  [biss'-mark-shon'-how-zen],  German 
statesman.  On  papal  infallibility,  VII.  840, 

1  a,  841,  1  c.  Von  Boon  retires  in  favor  of, 
XIV.  890,  1  c. 

Black ,  J.  S.,  American  judge,  VI.  814,  1  b. 
Black,  William,  British  novelist,  II.  814. 
Blackburn,  nenry,  English  author,  II.  815. 
Blackmore,  Richard  Doddridge,  English  au¬ 
thor,  II.  815. 

Black  Walnut,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Blaine,  James  Gillespie,  American  statesman, 
II.  815.  Speaker  of  the  House,  2  b.  His 
chances  at  the  Cincinnati  convention  of  1876, 
c.  Chicago  convention  of  1880,  VII.  856, 

2  b.  Secretary  of  state,  c,  857,  1  a.  Con¬ 
vention  of  1876,  VIII.  840,  1  b.  His  name 
proposed  in  1876  by  Ingersoll,  IX.  847,  1  c. 

Blake ,  David ,  American  inventor,  IV.  802,  1  b. 
Blake,  William,  English  artist  and  poet,  XIV. 
890,  1  b. 

Blanchet  [blang-sha],  French  engineer.  His  pro¬ 
ject  for  building  the  Isthmus  canal,  IX.  849, 
2  c. 

Bleuler  [bloi-ler],  Swiss  color-bearer,  V.  806, 
1  a. 

Blignieres,  M.  de  [ble-ny8r],  minister  of  public 
works  in  Egypt,  VI.  809,  2  b,  c. 

Bloody  sweat ,  XV.  886,  1  b,  2  a. 

Bloomfield,  Arthur,  English  architect,  VIII. 
839,  1  c. 

Bloomington,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Blunt,  John  Henry,  English  author,  II.  816. 
Blunt,  Wilfred  Scawen,  English  author,  II. 
816.  Anne  Isabella  Noel,  wife  of  Wilfred, 
ib. 

Boats ,  portable,  VII.  854,  2  c.  Life,  855,  1  a. 
Dredge,  IX.  864,  1  a. 


Boehm,  Joseph  Edgar  [bom],  German  sculptor, 
II.  816. 

Bogolinboff,  nihilist  convict,  XII.  837,  2  c. 

Bogoslofir,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818, 
2  c ;  volcano,  819,  1  b. 

Boise  City,  Idaho,  IX.  841,  1  b. 

Bolivia:  see  Chili,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  war 
between. 

Bonn  observatory  [bun],  XII.  845,  2  c;  XV. 
896,  1  b,  915,  1  c. 

Boole,  George,  English  mathematician,  III. 
801. 

Booth ,  Edwin ,  American  actor,  IV.  817,  2  a. 

Boss,  L.,  director  of  the  Dudley  observatory, 
XII.  844,  2  b.  Drawings  of  the  sun’s  corona, 
XV.  907,  2  b,  914,  1  c. 

Boston ,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c.  Popu¬ 
lation,  882,  1  b.  Oleomargarine  factory  at, 
XII,  852,  1  a. 

Bouldyr,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818, 
2  c. 

Boundary,  between  Ontario,  Manitoba,  and  the 
Dominion  government,  XI.  876,  2  b;  be¬ 
tween  Virginia  and  Maryland,  879,  1  a;  of 
Nebraska,  XII.  826,  2  b ;  between  Texas  and 
the  Indian  nation,  XV.  920,  1  a. 

Bouquet,  Henry,  English  soldier,  III.  805,  2  b, 
c,  806,  1  a,  b. 

BRADLAUGn,  Charles,  English  agitator,  III.  801. 

Bradley,  Edward,  English  author  (Cuthbert 
Bede),  III.  801. 

Bradley,  Joseph  P.,  American  judge,  VI.  814, 
1  ab,  815,  1  b. 

Brady,  William  Maziere,  Irish  clergyman,  III. 
801. 

Brandt,  Prof.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Univer¬ 
sity,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Brattleboro ,  Vt.,  XVI.  848,  2  c. 

Bredichin ,  T.,  Russian  astronomer,  on  the 
nebulae,  XII.  827,  1  a.  Director  of  the  Mos¬ 
cow  observatory,  846,  1  c ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Brenham,  Texas,  XV.  920,  1  b. 

Brewer,  Thomas  Mayo,  American  ornitholo¬ 
gist,  III.  802. 

Brewster,  Benjamin  H,  American  statesman, 
I.  840,  2  b. 

Bridge,  built  by  Eads,  VI.  802,  2  c,  803,  1  a ; 
over  the  East  river,  804,  2  c. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Bristow,  Benjamin  II.,  at  the  Cincinnati  con¬ 
vention,  1876,  VIII.  840,  1  b. 

Brittan,  Harriet  G.,  missionary  in  India,  XVI. 
858,  2  c. 

Bromhead ,  Lieut.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860,  2  c. 


816 


BROOKE 


CALDERON 


Brooke ,  G.  F.,  English  actor,  V.  825,  2  a. 

Brooke,  Stopford  Augustus,  English  clergy¬ 
man,  III.  802. 

Brook  Farm  Association ,  XIV.  889,  1  c. 

Brookings ,  Dakota,  V.  821,  2  c. 

Brooklyn ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b.  Observatory 
at,  XV.  914,  1  c,  915,  1  c. 

Brooks ,  Dr .,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Brooks ,  IF  i?.,  American  astronomer.  Dis¬ 
covers  a  comet,  XV.  908,  1  b. 

Broun ,  of  the  Trevandrum  observatory,  XV. 
915,  1  c. 

Brown,  Ford  Madox,  English  painter,  XIV. 
890,  2  b. 

Brown,  IT.,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  1  c,  2  a,  b, 
859,  2  a. 

Brown,  Joseph  Emerson,  governor  of  Georgia, 
III.  802. 

Browne,  Hablot  Knight,  English  artist  (Phiz), 
III.  802. 

Browne,  Sir  Samuel,  English  general,  com¬ 
mands  first  division  of  the  Khyber  Pass  army, 
I.  810,  2  b,  811,  1  a,  b. 

Brownsville,  Texas,  XV.  920,  1  b. 

Brugsch,  Emil  [brooksh],  I.  821,  2  b. 

Bruhns,  G.,  director  of  the  Leipsic  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  846,  la;.  XV.  915,  1  b. 

Briinnow  [briin'-no],  astronomer,  on  nebuhe, 
XII.  827,  1  a. 

Briinnow  [briin'-no],  astronomer,  I.  809,  1  b. 

Br unnow ,  Russian  ambassador,  XV.  879,  1  c. 

Brush ,  C.  F.,  electrician,  VI.  816,  1  b.  His 
electric  lamp  (ills.),  819,  2,  820,  1.  His  con¬ 
tinuous-current  machine,  824,  1  c  (ills.), 
825. 

Brussels  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  b ;  XV.  914, 
1  b. 

Bryant,  William  Cullen,  American  poet  and 
journalist.  His  connection  with  Gay,  VII. 
857,  2  b. 

Buckingham ,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  b, 
915,  1  a. 

Buckshots,  another  name  for  Molly  Maguires, 
which  see  XI.  896. 

Buddhism,  in  Corea,  V.  812,  2  c,  814,  1  a,  c. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b.  Polo  at,  XIII. 
865,  1  c. 

Bulgaria,  III.  803.  Population,  1  a ;  indus¬ 
tries,  b,  c ;  history  of  the  people,  c,  2  ;  edu¬ 
cation,  2  c;  revolutionary  movement,  804, 
1  a  ;  delivered  from  Turkish  rule,  b  ;  Russian 
administration,  c  ;  iu  the  Russo-Turkish  war, 
XIV.  892,  2  b. 


Bulgaria ,  Prince  of,  narrow  escape  of,  XII. 
838,  2  b. 

Burdette,  Robert  Jones,  American  humorist, 
III.  804. 

Burgin ,  electric  lamp,  efficiency  of,  VI.  827. 
Buried  cities,  a  puzzle,  XIV.  882,  2  c. 
Burlington ,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Burlington,  Vt.,  XVI.  848,  2  c. 

Burnaby,  Frederick,  English  traveller,  III.  804. 
Burnand,  Francis  Cowley,  English  humorist, 
III.  805. 

Burnes,  Sir  Alexander ,  British  geographer  and 
diplomatist,  I.  811,  2  a. 

Burnett,  Frances  Hodgson,  American  novel¬ 
ist,  III.  805. 

Burnham,  E.  IF.,  astronomer,  XII.  844,  2  a. 

Discovers  double  stars,  XV.  893,  2  b,  915, 1  c. 
Burns,  treatment  of,  XV.  886,  1  ab. 

Burns ,  Patrick ,  clerk  in  a  Tuscarora  coal  office. 

Killed  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI.  896,  2  a,  c. 
Burroughs,  John,  American  author,  III.  805. 
Burrows,  Gen.,  British,  defeated  by  Ayub 
Khan,  I.  812,  1  a. 

Bushy  Run,  battle  of,  III.  805. 

Butcher,  Samuel  Henry,  English  scholar,  III. 
802. 

Butylene,  discovery  of,  X.  861,  2  c. 

Byrnes,  John,  telescope  maker,  XV.  915,  1  be. 
Byron,  George  Gordon,  Lord,  English  poet,  as¬ 
sists  at  Shelley’s  cremation,  V.  818,  1  b ; 
XV.  922,  2  b. 

Byron,  Ada,  daughter  of  the  preceding,  II. 
816,  2  ab. 

Cabanel,  Alexandre  [ka-ba-nel],  French  paint¬ 
er,  XIV.  2  c. 

Cable,  George  Washington,  American  author, 
III.  806. 

Cabool' ,  Afghanistan,  Russian  embassy  to,  I. 
810,  1  be  ;  England  demands  the  privilege  of 
an  envoy  at,  2  a ;  Russia  withdraws  her  em¬ 
bassy,  c ;  British  resident  at,  811,  1  c,  2  a ; 
massacre  of  English  at,  b ;  Gen.  Roberts 
abandons,  c. 

Caceres,  Gen.,  Peruvian  soldier,  IV.  815,  2  c, 
816,  1  a. 

Cadogan,  Lady  Adelaide,  XIV.  882,  2  c. 
Cailletel  [kay'-ta],  French  chemist,  liquefies 
the  “  permanent  ”  gases,  X.  862,  2  a. 
Calcutta ,  India,  observatory  at,  XV.  915,  1  a; 

“  American  Home  ”  in,  XVI.  859, 1  a. 
Calderon ,  Dr.  Garcia,  tries  to  organize  a  pro¬ 
visional  government  in  Lima,  IV.  815,  b. 


CALDERON 


CENSUS,  UNITED  STATES  817 


Calderon,  Philip  Ilermogenes,  English  paint¬ 
er,  III,  806. 

California,  III.  806.  Population  and  counties, 
2  c,  807,  1  a ;  taxes,  b ;  resources,  2  a,  b,  c. 
Forests  in,  VII.  852,  1  be,  2  b,  c,  858,  1  b,  c, 
2  a,  b,  c,  854,  1  a,  b.  Ostrich  farming  in, 
XII.  854,  2  b. 

Caligula ,  Emperor  of  Rome,  brings  an  obelisk 
from  Heliopolis,  XII.  842,  1  be. 

Calver ,  telescope  maker,  XY.  914,  1  a. 
Camacho ,  Gen.,  president  of  Bolivia,  IY.  814, 
2  b. 

Cambridge  (Eng.)  observatory ,  XII.  845,  1  ab ; 
XY.  896,  1  b,  914,  1  c. 

Cambridge ,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 

population,  882,  1  b. 

Camden ,  N.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Cameron,  Yerney  Lovett,  English  traveller, 
III.  809 ;  imprisonment  of,  in  Abyssinia, 
XIY.  886,  1  b. 

Campbell ,  of  the  observatory  at  Brooklyn,  XY. 

914,  1  c. 

Campbell ,  A.  J.,  American  explorer,  discovers 
Luray  cavern,  X.  866,  1  a. 

Campbell,  Bartley,  American  dramatist,  III. 
809. 

Camphor ,  used  in  manufacture  of  celluloid, 
IY.  801,  2  a. 

Canada,  Dominion  of  (map),  III.  808 ;  bounda¬ 
ries  of,  1  c,  2  c ;  financial  condition  of,  809, 

1  a,  b ;  canals,  railways,  and  population,  c. 
Candahar ',  Afghanistan,  occupied  by  the  Brit¬ 
ish,  I.  811,  1  ab,  2  b,  812,  1  a,  2  a. 

Canning  of  fruits  and  vegetables  in  Maryland , 
XI.  878,  2  be. 

Cannstadt  observatory ,  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Canoe  birch ,  tree,  YII.  850,  1  be,  852,  1  c. 
Caflons  of  Colorado ,  Y.  804,  1  b. 

Canton ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Capello ,  Brito ,  explorer,  XIY.  896,  2  ab. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope ,  observatory  at,  XII.  845, 

2  b. 

Carey ,  Lieut.,  British  soldier,  XYI.  861,  1  b. 
Carleton  college ,  Minn.,  observatory  of,  XY. 

915,  1  b. 

Carleton  Island ,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands, 
XY.  920,  2  c ;  921,  1  a. 

Carlsruhe  observatory  [karls'-roo-£h],  XII.  846, 
1  a. 

Carnarvon ,  Lord ,  British  secretary  of  state, 
XYI.  859,  2  b. 

Carpet  Beetle,  IY.  797,  798  (ills.) ;  its  origin, 
1  b ;  description,  2  b,  c,  798,  1  a,  b ;  its  time 
of  depredation,  b,  c,  2  a.  Beetles’  food,  a, 
52 


b;  means  of  preventing  its  ravages,  799, 
1  a,  b. 

Carrington ,  of  Red  Hill  observatory,  XY.  915, 

1  c. 

Carrington ,  Col.,  English  soldier,  attacked  by 
the  Basutos,  II.  805,  2  b,  c. 

Carson  City,  Nev.,  XII.  829,  2  a. 

Cascara  sagrada,  medicinal  bark,  XIY.  888, 1  a. 

Casciatore  [ka-she'-a-to-ra],  director  of  the 
Palermo  observatory,  XII.  846,  2  a. 

Cassagnac,  Paul  de  [kas-sa-nyak],  refuses  to 
fight  Dr.  Clemenceau,  IY.  818,  1  a. 

Cassini  [kas-se'-ne],  astronomer,  solar  parallax, 
XY.  905,  2  b. 

Catalpa,  tree,  YII.  852,  1  a. 

Catherina,  archipelago,  IY,  799. 

Cattle  Plague,  IY.  799.  Origin,  1  c;  intro¬ 
duced  in  the  United  States,  2  a ;  transmis¬ 
sion  of,  800, 1  b ;  symptoms,  c ;  cause,  2  ab  ; 
inoculation,  b. 

Cauchoix,  telescope  maker,  XY.  914,  1  c. 

Cavagnari,  Major  Louis,  repulsed  in  the  Khy- 
ber  Pass,  I.  810,  1  c;  negotiates  a  peace  with 
the  ameer,  811,  1  be;  knighted,  2  a,  ab. 

Cedar,  tree,  YII.  850,  2  be,  852,  2  a,  853, 

2  a. 

Cedar  Creek,  battle  of,  IY.  801 ;  assault  of 
Early,  1  b ;  Sheridan’s  return,  c ;  Hayes  at, 
YIII.  839,  2  c,  840,  1  a. 

Cedar  Rapids ,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Cellini ,  Benvmuto  [chel'-le-ne],  Italian  artist, 
XIY.  887,  1  b. 

Celluloid,  IY.  801.  Pierson’s  patent,  2  b ; 
McClelland’s,  c ;  Seely’s  and  Streeter’s,  802, 1 
a  ;  Hyatt’s  and  Blake’s,  b;  Spill’s,  c ;  prepara¬ 
tion  of  the  pyroxyline,  2  b ;  process  of  mak¬ 
ing,  803,  1  b  ;  improvements  in,  be ;  Hyatt’s 
new  method,  2  a;  manufacture,  804,  1  a; 
uses,  b;  as  a  substitute  for  various  materi¬ 
als,  c. 

Census,  United  States,  IY.  804.  Manner  of 
taking,  2  a ;  published  returns  of,  805,  1  a ; 
total  population,  b ;  how  composed,  2  a ; 
center  of  population,  2  b;  table  of  states, 
805 ;  tables  of  territories  and  cities,  806 ; 
tables  of  illiteracy  and  area  of  states  and 
territories,  807 ;  tables  of  grain,  cotton,  and 
sugar-cane,  808;  table  of  rice  production, 
809,  1  a;  tobacco,  2  a;  all  manufacturing 
industries,  809 ;  returns  of  leading  industries, 
810;  table  of  cotton  manufactures,  811,  1  a; 
woollen,  811,  1  and  2  b;  iron  and  steel,  1  c, 
2  c;  Bessemer  and  open-hearth  steel,  812, 
1  a ;  mines,  1  b,  c,  2  a ;  oysters,  2  a. 


818 


CERASKI 


COAL 


Ceraski,  astronomer,  XV.  895,  1  c,  2  a. 
Cetewayo,  king  of  the  Zulus  [ketchwayo],  IV. 
812;  XVI.  859,  1  b,  2  a;  as  a  warrior,  860. 
1  c;  capture  of,  861,  2  b. 

Challis,  James,  English  astronomer,  IV.  813, 
1  a. 

Chamberlain ,  I.  A.  D.,  discovers  hiddenite, 

VIII.  842,  1  b. 

Chamberlain ,  Sir  Neville ,  heads  an  unsuccess¬ 
ful  embassy  to  Shere  Ali,  I.  810,  1  c. 
Chandler ,  Charles  F.  His  experiments  with 
oleomargarine,  XII.  851,  1  c. 

Chandler ,  William  E .,  American  statesman,  I. 
840,  2  b. 

Chandler,  Zachariah,  American  senator,  IV. 

813. 

Chard ,  Lieut.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860,  2  c. 
Charles ,  prince  of  Roumania,  XIV.  892,  2  c. 
Charleston ,  S.  C.,  XV.  893,  2  b. 

Charleston ,  W.  V.,  XVI.  854,  2  a. 

Charlotte ,  X.  C.,  XII.  841,  1  a. 

Chattanooga ,  Tenn.,  XV.  918,  1  b. 
Chautauqua  Assembly,  IV.  813. 

Chelmsford ,  Lieut.- Gen.,  Lord,  English  soldier, 
XVI.  859,  2  b,  860,  1  a,  b,  861,  1  a,  b,  2  a. 
Chel'sea,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Chesney,  Charles  Cornwallis,  English  author, 
IV.  813. 

Chester,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  b. 

Chicago ,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a.  Observatory  at, 
XII.  844,  2  a  ;  oleomargarine  factory  at,  852, 
1  a ;  congregation  of  Overcomers  at,  858,  2 
b;  observatory  at,  XV.  914,  1  b,  915,  1  c. 
Child.  Prof.,  of  Harvard  college.  His  lectures, 

IX.  865,  2  a. 

Chil'i,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  the  war  between, 
IV.  813 ;  cause  of,  2  c ;  naval  engagements, 

814,  1 ;  battles,  2  a ;  discontent  in  Peru,  b  ; 
successes  of  the  Chilians,  c ;  comparative  ef¬ 
fectiveness  of  the  armies,  815, 1  a  ;  a  confer¬ 
ence  meets,  b  ;  battle  of  Chorrillos,  c  ;  Lima 
surrenders,  2  a ;  different  governments  in 
Lima,  2  b ;  Peruvian  successes,  c ;  treaty 
concluded,  816,  1  b. 

Chillico'the,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

China.  Its  attitude  toward  Corea,  V.  812,  1  b, 
813,  1  b,  814, 1  a;  allied  with  Corea  against 
Japan,  2a;  its  relations  with  Europe,  815,  2 
b;  mediates  between  Corea  and  Japan,  816, 
1  a;  treats  with  United  States,  Great  Britain, 
and  Germany,  c ;  great  wall  of,  XIV.  897, 1  a. 
Chipp,  Charles  IF.,  American  naval  officer,  I. 
832,  1  c,  2  c. 


Chirikoff,  navigator,  I.  817,  2  c,  819,  2  b. 
Chloasma,  or  moth,  skin  disease,  XV.  886,  2  b. 
Chopin,  Frederic  Francois  [shuh-pang],  Polish 
pianist  and  composer,  XVI.  855,  1  b. 
Christia'nia  observatory,  XV.  896,  1  b,  915, 
1  b. 

Christian  Union  Churches  of  the  West,  IV. 
816. 

Chukchi,  a  people  of  Siberia,  IV.  816  ;  origin 
of,  2  c ;  description  of,  817,  1  a. 

Church,  Sanford  Elias,  American  jurist,  IV. 
817. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  observatory  at,  I.  809,  1  b, 
c ;  XII.  844,  2  a ;  population  of,  848,  2  b ; 
oleomargarine  factory  at,  852, 1  a ;  XV.  914, 
1  c. 

Cinnamic  acid,  used  in  making  indigo,  IX.  846, 
1  c. 

Clark,  Alvan,  XII.  846,  1  b ;  XV.  908,  1  c, 
913,  2  a,  914,  1  b,  c,  915,  1  a,  b,  c. 

Clark,  Brig.- Gen.,  English  soldier,  II.  805,  2  c. 
Clarke,  John  S.,  American  comedian,  IV.  817. 
Clarkeville,  Tenn.,  university  at,  XV.  917,  1  ab. 
Clay,  Frederick,  English  composer,  VII.  865, 

1  b,  2  a. 

Clay,  Henry,  American  statesman,  V.  806,  2  b. 
Clemenceau,  Eugene  [kla-mang-so],  French 
politician,  IV.  817. 

Clemens ,  Samuel  Langhorne  (Mark  Twain), 
American  humorist,  XIV.  886,  2  b. 

Clement  XI.,  pope,  XII.  842,  2  a. 

Cleopatra's  needles,  XII.  842,  2  be  (ill.),  843, 
844,  1  a. 

Clarke,  Charles ,  English  navigator,  I.  818,  1  a. 
Cleveland,  Grover,  American  lawyer,  IV.  818. 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Cliff  Dwellers,  IV.  818,  819,  820  (ills.). 
Their  habitations  discovered,  1  c;  description 
of  their  dwellings,  2  a;  pottery  of,  819,  1  c, 

2  b;  their  round  towers,  820,  1  c;  remains 
of  a  town,  2  a. 

Clifford,  Gen.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  861,  1  a. 
Clifford ,  Nathan,  American  judge,  VI.  814,  1 
a,  b,  815,  1  b. 

Clifford,  William  Kingdon,  English  philoso¬ 
pher,  IV.  821. 

Clinton,  X.  Y.,  prison  at,  XII.  834,  2  c ;  ob¬ 
servatory  at,  844,  2  a. 

Cloisonne  [klwa-zong-na],  IV.  821,  822  (ills.); 
process  on  metal,  821,  2  a ;  on  porcelain,  822, 

1  a;  without  foundation,  1  c;  origin  of,  2  a. 
Coal,  in  Alaska,  I.  817,  1  c;  census  returns  on, 

in  1880,  IV.  812,  1  c ;  in  Colorado,  V.  802, 

2  a,  804,  2  b ;  in  Indiana,  IX.  845,  2  b ;  in 


COGNIET 


CORKEY 


819 


Iowa,  848,  1  a;  in  Maryland,  XI.  878,  1  a; 
in  Michigan,  886,  1  c  ;  in  Missouri,  894,  2  a ; 
in  Ohio,  XII.  846,  2  c ;  of  Oregon,  853,  1  b ; 
in  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  860,  1  c ;  of  Tennes¬ 
see,  XY.  916, 1  c,  917, 1  a ;  of  Virginia,  XYI. 
849,  1  c;  of  Washington  Territory,  851,  2  b  ; 
of  West  Virginia,  854,  1  a;  of  Wyoming 
Territory,  857,  2  a,  c. 

Cogniet ,  Leon  [kuh-nya],  French  painter,  XI. 
885,  2  b. 

Cohn,  German  microscopist.  Ilis  discoveries  of 
bacteria,  VII.  861,  1  b.  Bacteria  classed  by 
him  as  fungi,  2  c,  862,  2  a,  864,  1  b. 

Cohoes ,  X.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Colchester ,  Vt.,  XVI.  848,  2  c. 

Cole,  Vicat,  English  painter,  V.  801. 

Coleman.  His  steam-beating  scheme,  XV.  898, 

1  c. 

Collyee,  Robert,  V.  801. 

Coloeado,  V.  801.  Population,  1  c;  industries 
in,  2  b;  mining,  802,  1  a;  railroads,  b; 
coal  fields,  2  a ;  cattle  interest,  be ;  bullion, 
201,  c,  202,  c ;  value  of  property  in,  803,  1  a ; 
ruins  in,  b;  physical  aspect,  c;  mountains, 
2a;  its  mountain  lakes,  804,  1  a ;  cations,  b ; 
mineral  resources,  c;  mining  laws,  2  a;  ge¬ 
ology  of,  b ;  mineral  springs  of,  805,  1  a ; 
area,  b  ;  rivers,  ib. ;  admitted  to  the  Union, 
c ;  Ute  outbreak,  2b:  see  Cliff  Dwellees, 
IV.  818.  Forests  in,  VII.  852,  2  b,  c,  853, 

1  b. 

Colorado  Springs ,  Colorado,  V.  805,  2  c. 
COLOE-HEAEING,  V.  806. 

Columbia ,  S.  C.,  XV.  893,  2  b. 

Columbus ,  Christopher .  Letters  of  bis  sons  in 
Lenox  library,  X.  860,  2  c. 

Columbus ,  Ga.  Its  cotton  factories,  VII.  859, 

2  c ;  population,  860,  2  b. 

Columbus ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Colvin,  Sydney,  English  author,  V.  806. 
Combs,  Leslie,  American  lawyer,  V.  806. 
Comets,  V.  806,  807  (ill.).  Prof.  Newton’s 

theory,  2  b  ;  Encke’s  investigations,  808, 1  a; 
Faye’s  comet,  ab ;  Von  Asten  on,  1  b ;  Win- 
necke’s  comet,  2  a ;  photography,  b;  great 
comet  of  1882,  809,  1  b ;  theories  concern¬ 
ing,  2  b. 

Common ,  A.  A.,  English  astronomer.  His  pho¬ 
tographs  of  nebula,  XII.  827,  2  a;  his  re¬ 
flector,  XV.  913,  1  c;  observatory,  914,  1  a. 
Communism ,  in  Russia,  XII.  835,  2  c. 

Comte ,  Auguste  [kongt],  French  philosopher, 
VIII.  839,  2  ab. 

Concord ,  N.  II.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 


Conkling,  Roscoe,  American  senator,  V.  810 ; 
his  opposition  to  Garfield,  VII.  856,  2  c. 

Connecticut,  V.  810 ;  finances  of,  2  b ;  rail¬ 
roads,  c;  Storrs’s  agricultural  school,  811, 
la;  insane  asylum,  products,  and  popula¬ 
tion,  b. 

Constable ,  John ,  English  painter,  X.  860,  2  c. 

Constantine  I.  (the  Great),  emperor  of  Rome, 
brings  an  obelisk  from  Heliopolis,  XII.  842, 

1  c. 

Constantine ,  the  brothers,  founders  of  the 
Panslavistic  movement,  XIII.  855,  2  c. 

Constantinople ,  obelisk  at,  XII.  842,  2  b ;  con¬ 
ference  at,  XIV.  892,  1  a;  mosque  of  St. 
Sophia  at,  897,  1  a. 

Conundrum ,  XIV.  880,  2  ab. 

Coolc ,  Capt.  James ,  English  navigator,  I.  818, 
1  a. 

Cook,  Dutton,  English  author,  V.  811. 

Cook,  Joseph,  American  lecturer,  V.  811. 

Cool,  Prof.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
IX.  866,  1  b. 

Coole,  telescope  maker,  XV.  914,  lb,  915, 
1  a,  b,  c. 

Cooley,  Prof ,  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
his  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  b. 

Cooper ,  Col.,  observatory  of,  at  Markree,  Ire¬ 
land,  XII.  845,  1  c;  XV.  914,  1  b. 

Cootes,  English  pedestrian,  XIII.  860,  1  a. 

Copaiba,  a  substitute  for,  VIII.  838,  1  ab. 

Copeland,  on  the  nebulse,  XII.  826,  2  c. 

Copenhagen  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c ;  XV . 
914,  1  c. 

Coplestone,  Bishop,  XII.  852,  2  b. 

Copper,  production  in  the  United  States,  IV. 
812,  1  c;  in  Michigan,  XI.  886,  1  c,  889,  1  a; 
in  Missouri,  894,  2  ab ;  in  Nevada,  XII.  829, 

1  a;  of  North  Carolina,  839,  1  b;  in  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  XIII.  860,  1  c ;  of  Tennessee,  XV. 
916,  1  c ;  of  Vermont,  XVI.  847,  2  b. 

Cordoba,  Argentine  Republic,  observatory  at, 
XV.  914,  1  c. 

Coee'a,  kingdom  of  Asia,  V.  811 ;  position, 
area,  and  population  of,  2  c;  climate  and 
fauna,  812, 1  a;  government,  b ;  social  order, 

2  a ;  women,  b ;  characteristics  of  the  Co- 
reans,  ib. ;  religion  of,  c ;  history  of,  813, 
1  a ;  hostility  toward  Japan,  814,  1  b ; 
Chinese  customs  introduced,  c ;  at  war  with 
Japan,  2  a;  with  the  Mantchus,  c;  Chris¬ 
tianity  in,  815, 1  a  ;  hostility  toward  France 
and  America,  2  a;  renewed  difficulties  with 
Japan,  2  c. 

Corley,  W.,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  1  c,  2  a. 


820 


CORNEILLE 


DAYAINE 


Corneille ,  Pierre  [kor-nay'].  Polish  transla¬ 
tions  of  his  plays,  XI.  896,  1  a. 

Cornu ,  on  the  velocity  of  light,  XY.  906,  1  a. 

Corona  of  the  sun ,  XV.  905, 1  c,  906,  2  b. 

Corot,  Jean  Baptiste  Camille  [ko-ro],  French 
painter,  Y.  816;  XII.  857,  2  c. 

Cotin,  Charles ,  abbe  [kuh-tang],  French  writer, 
XIY.  880,  2  b. 

Cotton ,  crop  of  the  United  States,  IV.  808 ; 
manufactures,  811,  1  a;  manufactures  of 
Delaware,  Y.  827,  2  b ;  in  Egypt,  YI.  809, 

1  a ;  of  Florida,  YII.  845,  2  ab ;  manufac¬ 
tures  of  Georgia,  860,  1  a;  of  Kentucky, 
IX.  869,  1  b ;  of  Louisiana,  X.  864,  1  c,  865, 

2  b ;  of  Mississippi,  XI.  894,  1  b ;  of  Mis¬ 
souri,  2  a ;  of  North  Carolina,  XII.  839,  1  b, 
841,  1  a;  of  South  Carolina,  XY.  891,  2  be, 
892,  2  c;  mills,  893,  1  c;  of  Tennessee,  916, 
1  c;  of  Texas,  918,  1  c,  919,  2  c,  920,  1  a. 

Cotton  Exposition  at  Atlanta:  see  Atlanta 
Cotton  Exposition. 

Cottonwood ,  tree,  YII.  853,  1  c. 

Council  Bluffs ,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Courtney ,  oarsman,  YIII.  838,  2  c. 

Couture ,  Thomas  [koo-tur],  French  painter, 
XIY.  1  b. 

Covington ,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a. 

Cranbrook,  Gathorne  Hardy,  viscount,  English 
statesman,  Y.  816. 

Cranbrook,  Lord ,  British  secretary  of  state 
for  India,  I.  810,  1  a. 

Crealock,  Maj.-Gen.  George ,  British  soldier, 
XYI.  861,  1  a. 

Cremation,  Y.  816  ;  origin  of,  2  c  ;  arguments 
for,  817,  1  a ;  furnace  for,  at  Washington,  c ; 
at  Salt  Lake  City,  2c;  in  a  chemist’s  fur¬ 
nace,  818,  1  a ;  in  Europe,  b ;  of  Trelawny, 
XY.  922,  2  c. 

Crillon,  Mt.,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  a. 

Crittenden ,  Gov.  of  Missouri,  XI.  894,  2  be. 

Cropsey ,  J.  F.,  landscape  painter,  YI.  831,  2  a. 

Croquet  [kro-ka],  Y.  818.  Implements,  2  a ; 
vocabulary,  b ;  points  and  strokes,  c  (ill.), 
819 ;  rules,  1  a. 

Cross ,  Prof. ,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
IX.  865,  2  c. 

Crossley,  Edward ,  observatory  of,  at  Halifax, 
XII.  845, 1  c ;  on  double  stars,  XY.  893,  2  b, 
915,  1  a. 

Cumberland ,  Md.,  XI.  879,  2  b. 

Cumberland  observatory,  XY.  915,  1  a. 

Curtius ,  Ernst  [koor'-tse-oos],  German  archge¬ 
ologist,  I.  823,  1  a. 

Cushing,  William  B.,  American  naval  officer, 


Y.  820 ;  takes  first  prize  of  the  war,  1  b ; 
commands  the  Ellis,  c ;  blows  up  the  Albe¬ 
marle,  2  a ;  made  lieutenant  commander,  b. 

Cushman ,  Charlotte,  her  advice  to  Mary  An¬ 
derson,  I.  820,  2  b. 

Custer,  George  Armstrong,  American  soldier, 
Y.  820  ;  at  Manassas,  821, 1  a ;  brevetted  ma¬ 
jor-general,  b  ;  sent  to  the  western  frontier,  c. 

Cypress,  tree,  YII.  851,  1  ab. 

Cyrus,  king  of  Persia,  XIY.  877,  2  b ;  palace 
of,  896,  2  c. 


Dagmar,  princess  of  Denmark,  wife  of  Alex¬ 
ander  III.  of  Russia,  I.  819,  2  c. 

Dahlgren,  TJlric ,  American  soldier,  his  raid 
within  the  defences  of  Richmond,  XIY. 
889,  2  b. 

Dakota,  territory,  Y.  821 ;  area  and  popula¬ 
tion,  2  a;  wheat  culture,  b ;  mines,  c;  schools, 
822,  1  a ;  finances  and  products,  b ;  forests 
in,  YII.  852,  2  c. 

D’Albertis,  Luigi  M.  [d’  al-bair-tes],  Italian 
naturalist,  Y.  822. 

Dallas ,  Texas,  XY.  920,  1  b. 

Daly,  Augustin,  American  manager,  Y.  825, 
2  b;  XI.  899,  1  a. 

Dana,  Charles  A.,  American  journalist,  XIY. 
889,  1  c,  2  a. 

Danbury,  Conn.,  Y.  811,  1  c. 

Dandruff,  skin  disease,  XY.  882,  1  ab. 
Danenhower,  Lieut.,  American  naval  officer,  I. 
832,  2  c. 

Danville,  Ya.,  XYI.  850,  2  a. 

Darby,  John  Nelson,  Plymouth  brother,  Y. 
822. 

Darien ,  Lsthmus  of,  proposed  canal  across,  IX. 
849,  1  a,  b,  851,  1  a. 

Dark  Days,  Y.  822.  Causes  of,  2b;  foggy 
days,  c;  dry  fog,  823,  1  b.  Of  1782  and 
1783,  2  a.  Theories  concerning,  824,  1  a. 
Colored  snow  and  rain,  b.  Dust  showers, 
2  a.  Earthquakes  in  connection  with,  b. 
Cosmic  cause  of,  c. 

D' Arrest,  astronomer,  on  nebulae,  XII.  826,  2  c. 
Dartmouth  college  observatory,  XY.  915, 1  a. 
Darwin,  Charles  Robert,  English  naturalist, 
XI.  895,  2  c. 

Darwin,  G.  PL.,  his  theory  about  the  moon, 
XI.  898,  1  a ;  on  tides,  XII.  827,  2  c. 
Daubigny,  Charles  Francois  [do-be-nye],  Y. 

825.  Karl  Pierre,  son  of  above,  1  b. 
Davaine,  his  discoveries  of  bacteria,  YII.  861, 

1  b,  c,  862,  2  b. 


DAVENPORT 


DREYER 


821 


Dayenporx,  Edward  Loomis,  American  actor, 
V.  825.  Fanny  Vining ,  wife  of  above,  2  a. 
Fanny  Lily  Gipsy,  daughter  of  above,  2  b. 
Blanche ,  daughter  of  Edward,  c.  Lily , 
daughter  of  Edward,  c.  May,  daughter  of 
Edward,  826,  1  a.  Edgar  Longfellow,  son 
of  Edward,  ib.  Henry  George  Bryant,  son 
of  Edward,  ib. 

Davenport ,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

David,  Ferdinand  [da'-vit],  German  musician, 
XVI.  855,  1  b. 

Davis ,  J.  C.,  American  soldier,  at  Bentonville, 
II.  808,  1  c. 

Davis,  Rebecca  Harding,  American  author,  V. 
826. 

Davis  collection  of  stone  implements,  XII.  825, 
2  a. 

Davy,  Sir  Humphry,  English  chemist,  his 
electric  light,  VI.  817,  2  b.  On  liquefaction 
of  gases,  X.  861,  2  b,  862,  1  c. 

Dayton ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Dayton ,  Wash.  Ter.,  XVI.  851,  1  b. 

Daza,  president  of  Bolivia,  IV.  813,  2  c.  De¬ 
posed,  814,  2  b. 

Dearborn  observatory,  XII.  844,  2  a. 

Death  Valley,  V.  826 ;  position  of,  1  c  ;  as¬ 
pect  of,  2  a ;  depression  of,  b. 

Decalcomanie  [da-cal-co-ma-ne],  V.  826. 

Defreggek,  Franz,  German  painter,  V.  827. 

De  Haas,  William  Frederick,  American  paint¬ 
er,  V.  827.  Maurice  Frederick,  American 
painter,  brother  of  preceding,  1  c. 

Delacour  [dfih-la-coor],  French  dramatist,  X. 
855,  2  c. 

Delacroix ,  Ferdinand  Victor  Eugene  [duh-la- 
krwa],  French  painter,  XII.  828,  2  b. 

Delaroche,  Paul  [duh-la-rush],  French  painter, 
X.  861,  1  a. 

Delaunay,  Charles  Eugene  [duh-lo-na],  French 
astronomer,  his  lunar  theory,  XI.  898,  2 
ab,  c. 

Delaware,  V.  827.  Population,  2  a.  Prod¬ 
ucts  and  industries,  b.  Schools  and  finances, 
c.  Government,  828,  1  a. 

De  Long,  George  Washington,  American  ex¬ 
plorer,  V.  828.  Commands  the  Jeannette, 
I.  832,  1  c.  Lands  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Lena,  2  b.  His  body  found,  833,  1  a. 

Deltas,  formation  of,  IX.  857,  1  a. 

Dembowski,  of  the  Florence  observatory,  XV. 
915,  1  b. 

De  Mille,  James,  Canadian  author,  V.  828,  2  a. 

De  Morgan.  Collection  of  prehistoric  imple¬ 
ments,  XII.  825,  1  c. 


Denning,  astronomer,  XIII.  865,  1  ab.  On 
Venus,  XVI.  847,  2  a. 

Denver ,  Col.,  V.  805,  2  c. 

Derby,  Lord  [dar'-be],  British  statesman,  XIV. 
892,  1  c. 

Derby,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Dervish  Pasha,  Turkish  commissioner,  VI. 
811,  1  b. 

Deshneff,  Simeon,  Cossack  explorer,  I.  817,  2  b. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Detaille,  Jean  Baptiste  Edouard  [dfih-ta-y'J, 
French  painter,  VI.  801. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Diana,  temple  of,  at  Ephesus,  XIV.  896,  2  c. 

Diaphoretic,  IX.  853,  2  b. 

Diaz  de  la  PeSa,  Virgile  Narcisse,  French 
painter,  VI.  801 ;  V.  816,  2  a. 

Dickinson,  Daniel  Stevens,  American  lawyer, 
VI.  801. 

Diebitsch,  Hans  Karl  Friedrich  Anton  [der- 
bitch],  Russian  general,  X.  853,  2  c. 

Diman,  Prof,  of  Brown  university,  his  lec¬ 
tures,  IX.  865,  2  a. 

Diodorus,  ancient  historian,  on  obelisks,  XII. 
842,  1  a. 

Disraeli ,  Benjamin  [diz-ra'-le],  Earl  Beacons- 
field,  V.  816,  2  b.  On  the  San  Stefani  trea¬ 
ty,  XIV.  894,  1  a. 

Dixon,  English  engineer,  XII.  842,  2  c. 

Doberck,  IF.,  director  of  Col.  Cooper’s  obser¬ 
vatory,  XII.  845,  1  c ;  XV.  894,  2  a. 

Dobson,  Austin,  English  poet,  VI.  801. 

Dodge,  Mary  Abigail,  American  authoress, 
VI.  802. 

Dolbear,  A.  E his  telephone,  XV.  909,  2  b. 

Dolgorukoff,  chief  of  the  Russian  secret  police, 
XV.  879, 1  b. 

Dollond,  telescope  maker,  XV.  915,  1  b,  c. 

Donald,  Gen.,  occupies  Candahar,  I.  811, 1  ab. 

Dorpat  observatory,  XV.  896,  1  b,  915,  1  a. 

Dover,  Del.,  V.  828,  1  a. 

Dover,  N.  H.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 

Dragomonoff,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  2  c. 

Draper,  Henry,  chemist  and  physiologist,  his 
photographs  of  nebulee,  XII.  827, 1  c ;  XIII. 
865,  1  b.  Photographs  of  star  spectra,  XV. 
895,  2  a.  Oxygen  in  the  sun,  905,  1  b. 
Photographs  of  nebula),  913,  2  a.  His  ob¬ 
servatory,  914,  1  a,  c. 

Dredge  boat,  used  in  the  Mississippi  channel, 
IX.  864,  1  a. 

Drenteln,  Gen.,  director  of  the  Russian  secret 
police,  XII.  838,  1  ab. 

Dreyer,  J.  L.  E.,  astronomer,  XII.  826,  2  c. 


822 


DROPSY 


ELECTORAL  COMMISSION 


Director  of  Lord  Rosse’s  observatory,  845, 
2  ab. 

Dropsy  alleviated  by  jaborandi ,  IX.  853,  2  c. 
Druidical  temple  at  Stonehenge ,  XIY.  897,  1  a. 
Dubiago ,  astronomer,  XY.  894,  2  a. 

Duboscq  [dti-bosk],  his  electric  lamp,  VI.  818, 
2  a. 

Dubuque,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Duclerc  [dii-clair],  French  statesman,  YI.  812, 
1  a. 

Dudley  observatory  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  XII. 

844,  2  b  ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Dun  Echt  observatory ,  XII.  845,  2  a;  XY. 

893,  2  c,  914,  1  b,  915,  1  c. 

Duner ,  Swedish  astronomer,  XY.  893,  2  b. 
Dunsink  observatory  at  Dublin,  XII.  845,  1  b ; 
XV.  914,  1  c. 

Dupee,  Jules  [dii-pra],  French  painter,  YI.  802. 
Dueand,  Alice  (Fleury)  [dii-rang],  French  novel¬ 
ist,  YI.  802;  nom  de  plume,  Henry  Gr6ville. 

Durham  university,  observatory  of,  XY.  915, 

1  c. 

Dumford ,  Col.,  British  soldier,  XYI.  860,  1  b, 

2  b. 

Duru  [dii-ru],  French  dramatist,  X.  855,  2  a. 
Dust ,  oceanic  showers  of,  Y.  824,  2  a. 

Dwight,  John  S.,  XIY.  889,  1  c. 

Eads,  James  Buchanan,  American  engineer, 
YI.  802.  On  the  Mississippi,  2  a;  designs  a 
squadron  of  iron-clads,  c;  his  steel-arched 
bridge,  803,  1  a ;  deepens  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  2  a;  jetty  system,  b;  essays  and 
lectures  on  jetties,  804,  1  c ;  his  plan  to  im¬ 
prove  the  Ohio,  2  a;  his  project  for  a  ship 
railway  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  b  : 
see  Jetties,  IX.  855. 

Early,  Jubal  A.,  Confederate  general  at  Cedar 
Creek,  IY.  801. 

Earth  planet,  its  distance  from  the  sun,  XIII. 
862,  2  c. 

Eastman,  Prof.,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XY.  906, 
2  c. 

Easton,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  b. 

East  Portland,  Oregon,  XII.  854,  1  a. 

East  Rivee  Beidges.  One  connecting  New 
York  and  Brooklyn,  YI.  804 ;  its  towers,  2 
c;  its  cables,  805, 1  b  ;  the  saddles,  c;  anchor 
plates,  2  a;  approaches,  b;  roadway,  c; 
protected  from  swaying,  806,  1  a ;  length  of, 
b;  cars  on,  c;  cost  of,  2  a;  panic  on,  b. 
One  connecting  New  York,  Blackwell’s,  and 
Long  Island,  806,  2  b. 


East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Eau  Claire  [o-clare],  Wis.,  XYI.  856,  2  c. 

Eclipses  of  the  sun,  XIII.  863,  2  b ;  XY.  906, 
2  b. 

Ecthyma ,  skin  disease,  XY.  885,  2  b,  c. 

Eczema,  skin  disease,  XY.  880,  1  b;  margina¬ 
tum,  881,  1  a,  884,  1  c. 

Edinburgh,  duchess  of  [ed'-in-bur-ruh],  nar¬ 
row  escape  of,  XII.  838,  2  b  ;  only  daughter 
of  Alexander  II.,  XY.  879,  1  c. 

Edinburgh,  Prince  Alfred,  duke  of,  XY.  879, 

1  c. 

Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Royal  observatory  at, 
XII.  845,  1  b. 

Edison,  Thomas  Alva,  American  inventor,  YI. 
806.  As  telegraph  operator,  807,  1  a.  In¬ 
vents  printing  telegraph  for  gold  and  stock 
quotations,  b ;  at  Menlo  Park,  c ;  his  pat¬ 
ents,  2  a ;  multiplex  telegraphy,  c  ;  his  elec¬ 
tric  light,  808,  1  a;  his  incandescent  light, 
823,  2  b;  his  electric  machine,  825,  1  c  (ill.), 
826;  reports  on  his  lamp,  2  c,  827,  828, 1  a; 
his  plant,  2  a;  his  megaphone,  XI.  886,  1  a; 
his  microphone,  890,  2  b ;  his  microtasime- 
ter,  891,  1  b ;  his  telephone,  XY.  909,  2  b, 
911,  2  a. 

Edmunds,  George  Franklin,  American  senator, 
YI.  808;  of  the  electoral  commission,  813, 

2  c,  814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Edward ,  Garrett ,  pseudonyme :  see  Mayo, 
Isabella,  XI,  885. 

Edwards,  Ernest,  English  inventor,  his  helio¬ 
type  process,  VIII.  840,  2  c. 

Edwaeds,  Henry  Sutherland,  English  author, 
YI.  808. 

Egypt,  YI.  808.  Ismail  Pasha  ascends  the 
throne,  809,  1  a;  debt  of,  b;  its  proposed 
annexation  by  Great  Britain,  c ;  financial 
problem,  2  a;  foreigners  conduct  govern¬ 
ment,  c;  disaffection  in,  810,  1  ab;  rebellion 
in,  c;  British  and  French  interference,  811, 
1  a;  conference  at  Therapia,  c;  English 
bombard  Alexandria,  2  a;  fortification  of 
Alexandria,  812,  1  b;  insurgents  led  by 
Arabi  Pasha,  c;  English  in  possession,  813, 

1  b;  discovery  of  antiques  in,  I.  821,  2  b, 
c ;  ostrich  farming  in,  XII.  854,  1  b ;  pyra¬ 
mids  of,  XIY.  896,  2  c. 

Eichens ,  telescope  maker,  XY.  914,  1  a,  915, 

1  a. 

Electoeal  Commission,  YI.  813;  created  to 
decide  the  election  of  1876,  2  a ;  bow  com¬ 
posed,  c ;  unusual  powers  of  returning  board 
in  Louisiana,  814,  1  c;  colored  vote,  1  a;  in 


ELECTRICAL  ENERGY 


FALK 


823 


Oregon,  b;  question  for  the  decision  of,  c; 
decision  of,  815,  1  b. 

Electrical  Energy,  storage  of,  YI.  815 ;  vol¬ 
taic  cell,  1  c ;  polarization  of  the  electrodes, 

2  a ;  Faure’s  improvement,  816,  1  a ;  Sut¬ 
ton’s  battery,  b;  cells,  2  b  ;  table  of  electri¬ 
cal  capacity  and  price  of  cells,  817,  1  a. 

Electric  Light,  YI.  817 ;  principle  of,  1  b ; 
voltaic  arc,  2  b ;  two  classes  of  carbon-point 
lights,  c;  regulators  (ill.),  818,  1;  Duboscq 
lamp,  2  a;  modern  arc  lamps,  b;  Brush 
lamp  (ills.),  819,  2,  820,  1 ;  lamps  without 
mechanism,  c;  Jamin’s  candle  (ill.),  820,  2, 
821,  1  a;  Rapieff’s  lamp  (ill.),  b;  sun-lamp 
(ills.),  2 ;  arc-incandescent,  822,  1  a ;  Rey- 
nier’s  lamp  (ill.),  b ;  carbons,  828,  1  a ;  in¬ 
candescence,  c;  Edison's,  2  b;  Maxim’s,  c; 
current  generators,  824,  1  b;  divisions  of 
continuous  current  machines,  2  a;  ring  arma¬ 
tures,  ib. ;  Gramme  machine  (ills.),  ib.,  1  and 
2  be ;  Brush  machine,  1  c  (ills.),  825  ;  drum 
armatures,  1  c;  pole  armatures,  2  b;  disk 
armatures,  c ;  alternating  current  machines, 
826,  1  a ;  efficiency  of  machines  and  lamps, 

2  a;  table  showing  efficiency,  827;  electric 
plants  (diagram),  828,  1  b;  works  on,  829, 

1  b. 

Electric  pen,  YI.  807,  2  a. 

Elevated  Railroad,  YI.  829  (ills.),  831,  832  ; 
necessity  for,  in  New  York,  829,  1  b;  vari¬ 
ous  proposed  substitutes  for,  2  a,  b;  in 
Greenwich  St.,  begun,  c  ;  Dr.  Gilbert’s  plan, 
830,  1  a ;  opposition  to,  c ;  foundations  of, 

2  b;  girders,  831,  1  a;  engines  and  cars,  c; 
stations,  2  a;  cost  of  Metropolitan,  ib. ;  cost 
of  New  York,  c;  profits  of,  832,  1  a,  2  a; 
principle  of  the  structure  of  New  York  Ele¬ 
vated  road,  2  a ;  height  of,  2  c ;  curves  in, 
833,  1  b  ;  course  of,  c  ;  consolidation  of  all, 
2  a ;  extension  of,  b ;  rate  of  speed,  834, 1  a ; 
total  length,  ab;  number  of  stations  and 
finances,  b  ;  in  Brooklyn,  2  a. 

Elizabeth ,  N.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Ellery ,  R.  J.  A.,  director  of  the  Melbourne  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  845,  2  b;  XY.  914,  1  a. 
Elliott ,  H.  W.,  on  seal  fishery,  I.  816,  2  ab. 
Elliott ,  Prof.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
his  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Ellis ,  English  astronomer,  on  magnetic  obser¬ 
vations,  XY.  904,  1  b. 

Ellsler ,  theatrical  manager,  XI.  899,  1  a. 

Elm ,  tree,  YII.  850,  2  b. 

Elmira ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Elphinstone ,  Gen. ,  I.  811,  1  b. 


Emeralds ,  YIII.  842,  1  c,  2  a. 

Emerson ,  Ralph  Waldo ,  XI Y.  889,  1  b. 

Encke ,  Johann  Franz  [enk'-k&h],  German 
astronomer,  Y.  808,  1-  a,  2  c.  Parallax  of 
the  sun,  XY.  905,  2  b. 

Engelmann,  George,  American  botanist,  YI. 
834. 

Engines,  Solar  (ill.),  YI.  835.  Mouchot’s  in¬ 
vention,  1  a;  Pifre’s  improvement,  c;  ex¬ 
periments  with,  2  c. 

Enigma ,  XIY.  882,  2  c. 

Ennis ,  John ,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  a. 
Ensilage,  YI.  836  ;  process  of  preserving,  la; 
amount  of  ash  produced,  c  ;  loss  of  food-ele¬ 
ments  in,  c,  2  a ;  as  food,  b ;  silos,  be  (ill.), 
837. 

Eph'esus ,  temple  of  Diana  at,  XIY.  896,  2  c. 
Epilepsy ,  sumbul  given  for,  XY.  903,  1  b. 
Epithelioma ,  skin  disease,  XY.  880,  1  b,  889, 

1  c,  890,  1  a. 

Erck,  observatory  of,  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Ericsson ,  John ,  Swedish  engineer  and  physi¬ 
cist.  On  the  moon,  XI.  898,  2  ab. 

Erie ,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Ernst ,  Mensen ,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  2  b. 
Esquimaux  [es'-ke-moze],  IY.  816,  2  b,  c,  817, 

1  a,  b. 

Esty,  of  Amherst  college,  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Eureka ,  Nev.,  XII.  829,  2  a. 

Evansville ,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Evarts ,  William  if.,  American  lawyer,  I.  839, 

2  b ;  member  of  the  electoral  commission, 
YI.  814,  1  b. 

Evergreen  bay ,  tree,  YII.  851,  1  ab. 

Exposition  of  cotton  at  Atlanta:  see  Atlanta 
Cotton  Exposition. 

Exsudationes :  see  Exudative  Affections. 
Exudative  or  inflammatory  affections ,  skin  dis¬ 
ease,  XY.  880,  2  a,  b,  883,  1  a. 

Eyries ,  Gustave  [a-re-a],  French  writer,  XY. 
879,  2  c. 

Fadeyeff,  Russian  panslavist,  XIII.  856,  2  a. 
Faed,  John  [faid],  Scotch  painter,  YII.  839. 

Thomas ,  Scotch  painter,  ib. 

Faik ,  pasha,  in  the  Russo-Turkish  war,  XIY  . 
893,  1  c. 

Fairweather ,  iff,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  a. 
Faithfttll,  Emily,  English  philanthropist,  Y II. 
839. 

Falk,  Dr.  [falk],  Prussian  clergyman,  prepares 
the  Falk  Laws,  YII.  839,  2  b,  840,  1  c ;  de¬ 
fines  the  limits  of  ecclesiastical  authority,  2  b. 


82L 


FALK  LAWS 


FORESTS 


Falk  Laws,  Prussian  legislative  measures,  VII. 
839  ;  question  of  education  in  Catholic  prov¬ 
inces,  2  b ;  infallibility,  840,  1  a ;  public 
education  transferred  to  the  state,  c ;  laws 
against  Romanists,  2  a ;  defining  the  limit  of 
ecclesiastical  authority,  2  b ;  bishops’  oppo¬ 
sition  to,  841,  1  a. 

Fall  River ,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Faraday ,  Michael ,  English  chemist,  his  inves¬ 
tigation  of  the  polarization  of  the  electrode, 

VI.  815,  2  ab ;  he  discovers  electro-magnetic 
induction,  824,  1  b;  his  experiments  with 
gases,  X.  861,  2  b,  863,  1  a. 

Farjeon,  Benjamin  Leopold,  English  novelist, 

VII.  841. 

Farlow ,  Prof ,  of  Harvard,  IX.  865,  2  c. 
Farrar,  Frederick  William,  English  clergyman, 
VII.  841. 

Fasting,  VII.  842.  Prolonged  abstinence  of 
monks,  saints,  etc.,  1  be ;  cases  of  accidental 
fasting,  2  ab ;  case  of  Calvin  Morgan,  b ; 
Ann  Moore,  c ;  Tanner,  843,  1  a ;  average 
duration  of  life  without  food,  be  ;  of  Indian 
fakirs,  2  a;  consumption  of  fat  during,  b; 
death  from,  c  ;  various  reasons  for,  844, 1  a ; 
Tanner’s  experience,  b ;  works  on,  2  c. 
Faure ,  Camille  A.  [fore],  French  electrician, 
VI.  816,  1  a,  2  a. 

Faye,  astronomer,  comet  of,  V.  808, 1  ab,  2  ab. 
Federmeyer ,  Leon  P,  pedestrian,  XIII.  860, 

1  a. 

Ferment  diseases ,  VII.  861. 

Ferreol ,  Jean  Joseph  [fair-yol],  missionary  to 
Corea,  V.  815,  1  b. 

Festungsspiel  [fes-toongs-speel],  fortress  game, 
X.  855,  1  b. 

Fibroma ,  skin  disease,  XV.  889,  1  ab. 

Field,  Cyrus  IK,  president  of  Hew  York  Ele¬ 
vated  Railroad  Co.,  VI.  831,  2  c. 

Field ,  Stephen  J.,  American  judge,  VI.  814,  1 
a,  815,  1  b. 

Fir,  tree,  yellow  fir,  VII.  852,  2  a,  853,  2  a. 
Fischer ,  Ernst  Kuno  Berthold,  philosopher,  XI. 
873,  1  b. 

Fish,  spawn  of,  conveyed  by  storms,  V.  824, 

2  a;  fishing  industry  of  Maine,  X.  874,  2  b  ; 
of  Maryland,  XI.  878, 1  a;  of  Massachusetts, 
879,  2  c ;  of  Hew  Jersey,  XII.  830, 1  a,  831, 

2  c;  of  North  Carolina,  839,  1  b,  840,  2  c; 
of  Oregon,  853, 1  b  ;  of  South  Carolina,  XV. 
893,  1  c ;  of  Virginia,  XVI.  849,  1  c. 

Fish,  B.  M.,  of  the  Hamburg  (N.  Y.)  observa¬ 
tory,  XV.  915, 1  b. 


Fish,  Hamilton,  American  lawyer,  XIV.  894 
2  b. 

Fisher ,  Major  Hawkins,  English  archer,  I.  824, 
1  b,  825,  1  c  ;  on  strength  of  bows,  830,  2  a. 
Fish-skin,  disease,  XV.  887,  1  c. 

Fitch,  Asa,  American  entomologist,  VII.  845. 
Fitz,  telescope-maker,  XV.  914,  1  c,  915,  1  a, 
b,  c. 

Fitzgerald,  Percy  Iletherington,  British  au¬ 
thor,  VII.  845. 

Fizogonoff,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  1  b. 

Flammarion,  French  astronomer,  XV.  893,  2 
b,  894,  2  a. 

Flandrin,  Jean  Hippolyte  [flang-drang],  French 
painter,  XIV,  886,  2  b. 

Flax,  of  Minnesota,  XI.  893,  2  c. 

Fletcher ,  of  the  Cumberland  observatory,  XV. 
915,  1  a. 

Florence,  Italy,  observatory  at,  XV.  914,  1  c, 
915,  1  b. 

Florida,  VII.  845;  population,  2  a;  products, 
b ;  finances,  c ;  education,  846,  1  a ;  chari¬ 
ties  and  correction,  b;  Lake  Okechobee 
Land  Co.,  c ;  canals  in,  2  a ;  railroads,  b ; 
forests  of,  849,  1  c,  2  a;  turpentine  interest, 
851,  1  c ;  variety  of  trees,  2  b,  852,  1  a. 
Fluegen,  Theodore,  chemist,  X.  859,  2  a. 

Fogs,  notable  instances  of,  V.  822,  2  c. 

Folger ,  Charles  J.,  American  statesman,  I.  840, 
2  ab  ;  IV.  818,  1  c. 

Fond  du  Lac ,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

Fontana,  Domenico  [fone-ta'-na],  Roman  archi¬ 
tect,  XII.  842,  1  b,  c. 

Foot ,  Solomon,  American  senator,  VI.  808,  2  b. 
Forbes,  Archibald,  British  journalist,  VII. 
847. 

Ford,  Horace  A .,  English  archer,  I.  823,  2  c ; 
his  score,  824,  1  b;  his  experiments  with 
bows,  829,  2  c ;  on  the  danger  of  using  too 
strong  bows,  830,  2  a;  his  book  on  archery, 
831,  1  c. 

Forests,  North  American,  VII.  847;  their 
value  in  equalizing  the  flow  of  springs  and 
rivers,  1  c ;  in  equalizing  climate,  2  a ; 
American  forests  compared  with  those  of 
Europe  and  Asia,  c ;  great  variety  of  trees 
in  eastern  North  America,  848,  1  b ;  similar 
conditions  in  eastern  Asia,  c ;  explanation 
of  the  lack  of  variety  in  Europe,  2  a  ;  Atlan¬ 
tic  and  Pacific  regions  of  forests,  849,  1  a ; 
richness  of  the  former,  poverty  of  the  latter, 
in  species,  b  ;  table  giving  a  comparison  of 
the  genera  in  both,  2  a  ;  comparative  wealth 
of  the  various  forest  regions,  850,  a ;  spruce, 


FORSTER 


GENTH 


825 


1  b ;  larch,  balsam,  aspen,  canoe  birch,  and 
balsam  fir,  be ;  gray  pine,  black  ash,  and 
yellow  birch,  c ;  variety  in  the  northeastern 
region,  2  b  ;  spruce  and  pine,  c ;  economic 
value  of  the  pine,  851, 1  a ;  live  oak,  c  ;  tree¬ 
less  region,  2  a  ;  rich  forests  of  the  southern 
Atlantic  region,  b  ;  deciduous  forests,  c ;  Pa¬ 
cific  region,  852, 1  b  ;  cedar  and  yellow  fir,  2 
a;  yellow  pine  and  arbor-vitaa,  c;  hemlock 
and  larch,  853,  1  a ;  pine,  ib. ;  Californian 
forests,  c ;  sugar-pine,  2  a ;  cedar,  ab ;  red 
wood,  b  ;  great  tree,  c ;  mesquit,  854,  1  a  ; 
palm,  b  ;  giant  cactus,  c. 

Forster ,  IF.,  director  of  the  Berlin  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  2  c ;  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Fortuny,  Mariano,  Spanish  painter,  VII.  854. 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Fort  Worth,  Texas,  XV.  920,  1  b. 

Fossett ,  Frank,  his  estimate  of  production  of 
bullion  in  Colorado,  V.  802,  2  c. 

Foucault  [foo-ko],  his  electric  light,  VI.  817,  2 
c,  818,  1 ;  his  carbon,  823,  1  ab ;  on  the 
velocity  of  light,  XV.  906,  1  a ;  telescope, 
914,  1  a. 

Fountain  Cave ,  XII.  832,  1  a,  b. 

Fox  Islands ,  Alaska,  I.  818,  2  c. 

Francis,  Joseph,  American  inventor,  VII.  854  ; 
builds  boats  for  the  New  York  Boat  Club, 

2  b  ;  his  portable  boat,  c ;  life-boats,  855,  1  a. 

Francisco ,  de  Asis,  titular  king  of  Spain,  I. 

820,  2  a. 

Frankfort ,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a. 

Franklin ,  Benjamin,  American  philosopher 
and  statesman,  his  theory  concerning  the 
mist  of  1783,  V.  824,  1  a,  2  c. 

Franklin ,  Sir  John ,  English  naval  officer,  rel¬ 
ics  of,  I.  834,  1  c. 

Fraunhofer  [frown'-ho-fer],  telescope  maker, 
XV.  915,  1  a,  b,  c. 

Freckles,  XV.  886,  2  b. 

Frederick,  Md.,  XI.  879,  2  b. 

Frederick  Charles  Nicholas ,  prince  of  Prussia, 
XIV.  890,  1  ab. 

Frederick  William  IV.,  king  of  Prussia,  XIV. 
890,  1  b. 

Fredericksburg,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Frelinghuysen,  Fred.  T.,  American  statesman, 
I.  840,  2  b  ;  one  of  the  electoral  commission¬ 
ers,  VI.  814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Frere,  Sir  Bartle  [freer],  British  high  commis¬ 
sioner  in  Natal,  XVI.  859,  1  c,  2  a,  c. 

Freycinet,  Charles  Louis  de  Saulces  de  [fra- 
se-na],  French  statesman,  VII.  855.  On  the 
Eastern  question,  VI.  810,  2  c,  812,  1  a. 


Friction,  XI.  882,  1  c,  2  a. 

Froude,  James  Anthony  [frood],  English  histo¬ 
rian,  sister  of,  XI.  876, 1  b. 

Fryer  Hill,  Leadville,  view,  X.  858,  859,  1 

b,  c. 

Fuller,  Margaret,  XIV.  889,  1  be. 

Fungi,  bacteria  as,  VII.  861,  2  c. 

Fdrnival,  Frederick  James,  English  philolo¬ 
gist,  VII.  855. 

Fur  trade ,  of  Alaska,  I.  816,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Fusion  Disk,  a  circular  saw,  VII.  856. 

Gail  Hamilton ,  pseudonyme,  VI.  802,  1  ab. 
Gainsborough,  Thomas,  English  painter,  X.  860, 
2  c. 

Gale,  William,  English  painter,  VII.  855. 
Gale,  William,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  2  a. 
Galesburg,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Galveston,  Texas,  medical  college  at,  XV.  919, 
1  b.  Its  exports,  920, 1  a.  Its  population,  b. 
Gambetta,  Leon  [gang-bet-ta],  French  states¬ 
man,  on  the  Egyptian  question,  VI.  810,  2  b, 
c ;  advances  Freycinet,  VII.  855,  1  c,  2  a. 
Gansevoort,  Col.  [gan'-ze-vort],  American  revo¬ 
lutionary  soldier,  VIII.  841,  1  c. 

Gareloi,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2 

c.  Volcano,  819,  1  b. 

Garfield,  James  Abram,  president  of  the 
United  States,  VII.  856.  Graduated  from 
Williams  college,  1  c.  In  the  army,  2  a. 
Member  of  congress,  ab.  Elected  president, 
b.  His  appointments,  c.  Shot,  857,  1  a. 
Carried  to  Long  Branch,  b.  Autopsy,  ib. 
Subscription  for  his  widow  and  children,  2 
a.  Member  of  the  electoral  commission,  VI. 
814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Garret,  Edward,  pseudonyme  for  Mayo,  Isa¬ 
bella  :  which  see  XI.  885. 

Gasparis ,  M.  de,  director  of  the  Naples  obser¬ 
vatory,  XII.  846,  2  b. 

Gas-works,  in  United  States,  IV.  809,  1  c. 
Gautier,  Theophile  [go-tya],  French  author. 
Baudelaire’s  admiration  for  and  study  of,  II. 
806,  1  b,  c. 

Gay.  I.  Sydney  Howard,  American  historian, 
VII.  857.  II.  Winckworth  Allan,  Ameri¬ 
can  painter,  ib. 

Geikie,  Archibald,  Scotch  geologist,  VII.  857. 
Geikie,  Cunningham,  English  clergyman,  VII. 
858. 

Genghis  Khan  [jen'-ghis],  conqueror,  V.  814, 
1  b. 

Genth  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  c. 


826 


GEORGIA 


GRAIN 


Georgia.  Population  and  product,  VII.  858, 
1  c ;  finances,  2  a ;  railroads,  859,  1  b ; 
schools,  be  ;  cotton  manufactures,  2  c  ;  fer¬ 
tilizers,  860,  1  b ;  other  industries,  c ;  ex¬ 
ports  and  population  of  cities,  2  b ;  forests 
in,  850,  2  c,  851,  2  c. 

Germ  Theory  of  Disease,  VII.  860;  its  ac¬ 
ceptance  in  the  17th  century,  2  be;  Henle’s 
theory,  c;  Pasteur’s  experiments,  861,  1  a; 
infectious  diseases,  2  a;  cure  for  tuberculo¬ 
sis,  b  ;  bacteria,  c ;  Koch’s  experiments,  862, 

1  ab ;  Klein’s  experiments,  c ;  observations 
in  relapsing  fever,  2  a ;  investigation  of  diph¬ 
theria,  c ;  septicaemia,  863,  1  a ;  method  of 
preventing  blood-poisoning,  b ;  Koch’s  study 
of  septicaemia,  2  a ;  Pasteur’s  experiments 
in  malignant  pustule,  864,  1  a ;  Klebs’s  ex¬ 
periments  in  Roman  fever,  c  ;  arguments  in 
opposition  to,  2  a  ;  works  on,  b. 

Gerster,  Etelka,  Hungarian  singer,  VII.  864. 

Gilbert,  Rufus  H.,  American  physician.  His 
plan  for  an  elevated  railroad,  VI.  830,  1  a. 

Gilbert,  William  Schwenck,  English  drama¬ 
tist,  VII.  864. 

Gilchrist ,  inventor.  His  process  of  purifying 
steel,  XV.  899,  2  a. 

Gildersleeve,  Prof ,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni¬ 
versity,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Gill ,  David ,  astronomer.  His  observations  at 
Mauritius,  XII.  845,  2  a,  b ;  on  the  parallax 
of  the  sun,  XV.  905,  2  c. 

Gill,  Edmund,  English  landscape  painter,  VII. 
865. 

Gille  [zhely'],  French  dramatist,  X.  855,  2  c. 

Gilman,  Daniel  C.,  president  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  IX,  864,  2  b. 

Gillmore,  Quincy  Adams ,  American  soldier  and 
engineer,  ascertains  the  elevation  of  Florida 
lakes,  VII.  846,  1  c. 

Glaciers,  of  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 

Glaize.  I.  Auguste  Barthelemy,  French  paint¬ 
er,  VII.  865.  II.  Pierre  Paul  L6on,  ib. 

Glandular  affections,  skin  disease,  XV.  880, 

2  a,  882,  1  a. 

Glasgow,  Mo.  (glas'-go],  observatory  at,  XII. 

844,  2  a,  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Glasgow,  Scotland,  observatory  at,  XII.  845,  1 
b;  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Gledliill,  J.,  of  Crossley’s  observatory,  XII. 

845,  2  a ;  on  double  stars,  XV.  893,  2  b. 

Gleyre,  Charles  Gabriel  [glare],  French  paint¬ 
er,  VIII.  833 ;  XV.  920,  1  b ;  XVI.  854,  2  b. 

Gloucester,  Mass,  [glos'-ter],  valuation  of,  XI. 
880,  2  c ;  population,  882,  1  b. 


Glucose,  granular  sugar,  VIII.  833 ;  descrip¬ 
tion  of,  1  c  ;  process,  2b;  its  uses,  834, 1  b ; 
as  honey,  c  ;  as  food,  2  a. 

Glyn,  Col.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860,  1  b,  2 

cLj  C« 

Go'a  Powdes,  VIII.  834. 

Goethe,  Johann  Wolfgang  von  [go'-tSh],  a  friend 
of  Guest,  VIII,  837,  2  be;  Polish  transla¬ 
tion  of  his  plays,  XI,  896,  1  a. 

Goffart,  Auguste,  his  improvement  in  silos, 
VI.  836,  2  c. 

Gold,  in  Alaska,  I.  814,  2  a,  817,  1  b,  c;  its 
relative  value  to  silver,  II.  810,  2  c ;  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  III.  807,  2  b.  Census  returns,  1880, 
IV.  812,  1  b.  Colorado  product,  V.  802, 
804,  2  a;  in  Dakota,  822,  1  b ;  in  Leadville, 
X.  858,  1  c;  of  Montana,  XI.  892,  2  c;  in 
Nevada,  XII.  829,  1  a ;  of  New  Mexico,  832, 
2  b ;  of  North  Carolina,  839, 1  b ;  of  Oregon, 
853,  1  b;  of  Washington  territory,  XVI. 
851,  2  b. 

Gold  Hill,  Nev.,  XII.  829,  2  a. 

Golovnin',  Russian  minister  of  instruction, 
XII.  835,  2  a. 

Goodale,  Elaine  and  Dora  Read,  American 
poets,  VIII.  834. 

Goodwin,  Harvey,  English  prelate,  VIII.  835. 
Gordon,  Col.,  introduces  ostrich  farming  into 
Egypt,  XII.  854,  1  c. 

Goreloi,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 
Gorinovitch,  Russian,  XII.  838,  1  b. 
Gortchahoff' ,  Prince ,  note  of,  XIV.  891,  1  be, 
892,  1  c. 

Go'schen,  English  banker,  VI.  809,  2  a. 
Goshtoff,  Russian,  XII.  838,  1  b. 

Gosse,  Edmund  William,  English  author,  VIII. 
835. 

Gossmann  [gos-man],  report  on  oleomargarine, 
XII.  850,  2  b. 

Gotha  observatory ,  XII.  845,  2  c. 

Gould ,  Dr.  B.  A.,  American  astronomer,  I. 
809,  1  b ;  director  of  the  observatory  at 
Cordoba,  XII.  846,  2  b :  XV.  894,  2  b,  896, 

2  a,  914,  1  c. 

Goicen ,  F.  B.,  president  of  Philadelphia  and 
Reading  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  overthrows 
the  Molly  Maguires,  XI.  896,  2  b. 

Gower,  his  telephone,  XV.  910,  2  a  (ill.),  911, 

1  a. 

Graham ,  Gen.,  British  soldier,  defeats  Arabi 
Ahmed  Pasha,  I.  821,1  c;  in  Egypt,  VI.  812, 

2  a,  be,  813,  1  a. 

Grain  products  of  the  United  States ,  IV.  808 ; 
of  Colorado,  V.  801,  2  b ;  of  Connecticut 


GRAMME 


HALL 


827 


811, 1  be ;  of  Dakota,  822, 1  b ;  of  Delaware, 
827,  2  a;  of  Florida,  VII.  845,  2  ab;  of 
Georgia,  858,  1  c ;  of  Illinois,  IX.  843,  2  a ; 
of  Indiana,  845,  2  b;  of  Iowa,  847,  2  a,  848, 

1  a ;  of  Kansas,  868,  2  c ;  of  Kentucky,  869, 

2  b ;  of  Louisiana,  X.  865,  2  b  ;  of  Maine,  XI. 
873,  1  c;  of  Maryland,  878,  la;  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  879,  2  c ;  of  Michigan,  886,  1  c ;  of 
Minnesota,  892,  1  b ;  of  Mississippi,  894, 1  a; 
of  Missouri,  2  a ;  of  Montana,  897,  1  c ;  of 
Nebraska,  XII.  826,  1  a;  of  Nevada,  828, 
2  c;  of  New  Hampshire,  829,  2  a;  of  New 
Jersey,  830,  1  a;  of  New  Mexico,  832,  2  b; 
of  North  Carolina,  839,  1  b,  841,  1  a;  of 
Ohio,  846,  2  c,  848,  2  a ;  of  Oregon,  853,  1  b ; 
of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  860,  1  c ;  of  Rhode 
Island,  XIV.  888,  1  a;  of  South  Carolina, 
XV.  891,  2  b,  892,  2  c;  of  Tennessee,  916, 

1  b;  of  Texas,  918,  1  b ;  of  Vermont,  XVI. 

847,  2  b ;  of  Virginia,  849, 1  b  ;  of  Washing¬ 
ton  territory,  851,  2  b;  of  West  Virginia, 
854,  1  a;  of  Wisconsin,  855,  2  a;  of  Wyo¬ 
ming  territory,  857,  2  a. 

Gramme  electric  machine  [gram],  VI.  824,  1  c 
(ills.),  2  a,  826,  1  a ;  efficiency  of,  827. 

Grand  Rapids ,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

•  Geangees,  or  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  VIII, 
835;  its  organization,  2  a;  its  officers,  be. 
Political  influence  of,  836,  1  a.  Cooperation 
among,  b. 

Grant ,  if.,  director  of  the  Glasgow  (Scotland) 
observatory,  XII.  845,  1  b ;  XV.  915,  1  a. 
Grant ,  Ulysses  S general  and  president  of  the 
United  States.  His  chances  at  the  Cincinnati 
convention  of  1876,  II.  816, 1  a;  at  the  Chi¬ 
cago  convention  of  1880,  VII.  856,  2  b. 
Grau,  Admiral ,  Peruvian  naval  officer,  IV. 

814,  1  a,  b,  c ;  death  of,  2  a. 

Gray,  Asa ,  American  botanist,  VII.  847,  2  c, 

848,  1  a. 

Geay,  Elisha,  American  inventor,  VIII.  836. 
His  patents,  1  c.  His  speaking  telephone, 

2  a;  XV.  909,  2  b,  911,  1  b. 

Great  Tree ,  of  California,  VII.  853,  2  c. 

Geeen,  John  Richard,  English  historian,  VIII. 
836. 

Green  Bay ,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

Greenville ,  S.  C.,  XV.  893,  2  b. 

Greenwich  [grin'-ij],  Royal  observatory  at,  XII. 

844,  2  c;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Gregg ,  IF.  T.,  of  the  Brooklyn  observatory, 
XV.  915,  1  c. 

Grenadier  Island,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands, 
XV.  920,  2  c. 


Gresham ,  Thomas  C.,  postmaster-general,  I. 
840,  2  b. 

Greville,  Henry  [griili-vey’] :  see  Dueand, 
Alice,  VI.  802. 

Geindelia,  North  American  plant,  VIII.  837. 
Grindstone  Island,  one  of  the  Thousand  isl¬ 
ands,  XV.  920,  2  c. 

Geove,  Sir  George,  English  writer,  VIII.  837. 
Grubh,  telescope  maker,  XV.  913,  2  ab,  914, 

1  a,  b,  c. 

Guest,  Edwin,  English  philologist,  VIII.  837. 
Gun-cotton :  see  Pyroxyline . 

Guejux  Balsam,  VIII.  837. 

Gurko ,  Gen.,  military  governor  of  St.  Peters¬ 
burg,  XII.  838,  1  c,  2  b.  In  the  Russo- 
Turkish  war,  XIV.  892,  2  b,  c,  893,  1  a,  2 
ab. 

Gurney.  His  steam-heating  apparatus,  XV. 
897,  2  be. 

Guy,  Seymour  Joseph,  American  painter,  VIII. 
838. 

Guyon,  George ,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  c. 
Gwosdejf,  Michael,  Russian  surveyor,  I.  817, 

2  b. 

Gylden,  Hugo ,  director  of  the  Stockholm  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  846,  1  c ;  XV.  915,  1  b. 


Habbeeton,  John,  American  author,  VIII. 
838. 

Hcematidrosis ,  or  bloody  sweat,  XV.  886,  1  b, 
2  a. 

Ilcemorrhagice :  see  Hemorrhagic  Affections. 
Haemorrhagic  affections  of  the  skin,  XV.  880, 
2  a,  b,  886,  1  b. 

Hahn,  S New  York  physician.  Cremated  at 
Washington,  Pa.,  V.  817,  2  b. 

Haida,  a  race  of  people  in  Alaska,  I.  815,  2. 
Haines,  Prof.  IF.  8.,  on  glucose,  VIII.  834, 
2  a. 

Haines  collection  of  stone  implements,  XII.  825, 
2  a. 

Hagerstown ,  Md.,  XI,  879,  2  b. 

Hair,  superfluous,  XV.  887,  2  c;  diseases  of 
the  hair,  888,  2  b. 

Halicarnassus ,  tomb  of  Mansolus  at,  XIV.  896, 
2  c. 

Halifax,  observatory  at,  XII.  845,  1  c;  XV. 
915,  1  a. 

Hall,  George  Henry,  American  painter,  VIII. 
838. 

Hall,  Prof.  Asaph,  discovers  the  satellites  of 
Mars,  XII.  844,  1  c;  XIII.  863,  2  b,  864,  1 
a,  c ;  XV.  894, 1  a,  c.  His  solar  photographs, 


828 


HALL 


HERSCHEL 


907. 1  b ;  on  the  transit  of  Venus,  XVI.  846, 
1  c. 

Hall  collection  of  specimens  of  geology  and 
mineralogy ,  XII.  825,  1  c. 

Hamburg ,  X.  Y.,  observatory  at,  XV.  915, 1  b. 
Hamburg  observatory,  XII.  845,  2  c;  XV. 
915,  1  a. 

Hamilton,  Gail:  see  Dodge,  Mary  Abigail, 
VI.  802. 

Hamilton,  James,  American  painter,  VIII.  838. 
Hamilton ,  Lieut.,  killed  at  Cabool,  I.  811,  2 
ab. 

Hamilton ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Hammond ,  W.  A.,  American  physician,  VII. 
843,  1  b. 

Hanlan,  Edward,  Canadian  oarsman,  VIII. 

838. 

Hannibal,  Carthaginian  general,  XIII.  860, 1  b. 
Hannibal,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Hansen ,  Peter  Andreas  [han'-zen],  German  as¬ 
tronomer.  His  lunar  tables,  XI.  898,  2  c, 

899. 1  a;  parallax  of  the  sun,  XV.  905,  2  be. 
Hansteen,  Christopher  [han'-stain],  of  the 

Christiania  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 
Hardee ,  Wm.  J.,  American  soldier,  II.  804,  2  a. 
Harding,  George.  His  experiments  with  oleo¬ 
margarine,  XII.  851,  1  c. 

Hardy,  Thomas,  English  novelist,  VIII.  839. 
Harkness,  Prof.  His  photographs  of  the  sun, 
XV.  907,  1  b;  XVI.  846,  1  c. 

Harriman,  C.  A.,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  a. 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Harrison,  Frederick,  English  author,  VIII. 

839. 

Harrowby,  Lord,  English  philanthropist,  II.  2 
be. 

Hart ,  Frank,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  be,  c. 
Hart,  James  McHougal,  American  painter,  XV. 
891,  1  c. 

Hartford,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c;  observatory  at, 
XV.  915,  1  c. 

Hartley,  Sir  Charles  A.,  English  engineer,  IX. 
859,  2  c. 

Hartman,  Dolly,  cremated  at  Washington,  Pa., 
V.  817,  2  b. 

Hartmann,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  2  a. 

Hartnup,  John,  director  of  the  Liverpool  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  845,  1  c ;  XV.  915,  1  b. 
Hartwell  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  c. 

Harvard  college  observatory,  XII.  844,  1  c ; 

XV.  896,  1  b,  914,  1  b,  915,  1  c. 

Hastings ,  Dr.  C.  S.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni¬ 
versity,  IX.  865,  2  c,  866,  1  b.  On  the  sun’s 
eclipse,  XV.  907,  1  a. 


Haverford  college  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Hawthorne ,  Nathaniel,  American  author,  XIV. 
889,  1  c. 

Hayes,  Rutherford  Birchard,  president  of  the 
United  States,  VIII.  839 ;  admitted  to  the 
bar,  2  b ;  enters  the  army,  be ;  brevetted 
major-general,  840,  1  a ;  in  Congress,  ib. ;  as 
governor  of  Ohio,  b ;  chief  acts  as  president, 
c,  VI.  813,  1  a,  814,  1  b,  2  b,  815,  1  b ; 
XIV.  896,  1  c. 

Hazael ,  George,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  a,  b, 
860,  1  a. 

Heath,  Francis  George,  English  philanthropist, 
VIII.  840. 

Heintz,  report  on  oleomargarine,  XII.  850,  2  b. 
Heis,  Dr.,  German  astronomer,  XV.  896,  1  be. 
Helena ,  capital  of  Montana  territory,  XI.  897, 

1  a. 

Helicites,  of  Luray  cavern,  X.  866,  1  b;  defini¬ 
tion  of,  c;  illustration,  2  a;  peculiar  forma¬ 
tions  of,  867,  2  c,  868,  1  b. 

Heliop'olis ,  Egypt,  obelisk  at,  XII.  841,  1  be, 
842,  1  a,  be,  c,  2  b. 

Heliotype,  VIII.  840 ;  the  process  of  taking, 

2  a;  preparation  of  plates  for,  c;  employ¬ 
ment  of,  841,  1  a. 

Hellmann,  Gustav  [hel'-man],  German  meteor¬ 
ologist.  His  investigation  into  oceanic  dust 
showers,  V.  824,  2  a. 

Helmont,  Jan  Baptista  van,  Flemish  physician. 

His  theory  on  gases,  X.  861,  2  b. 

Hematite,  in  Colorado,  V.  802,  2  a,  804,  2  b. 
Hemlock,  tree,  VII.  850,  2  b,  c,  852,  2  a,  853, 
1  a. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  Andrews,  American  states¬ 
man,  VI.  813,  2  a. 

Henle,  Friedrich  Gustav  Jacob  [hen'-leh],  Ger¬ 
man  physiologist.  His  germ  theory,  VII. 
860,  2  c. 

IIennessy,  William  J,  American  painter,  VIII. 
841. 

Henry  Greville  [gruh-vey'J,  pseudonyme,  VI. 
802,  1  c. 

Herkimer,  Nicholas,  American  soldier,  VIII. 
841. 

Hrrkomer,  Hubert,  English  painter,  VIII.  841. 
Her'schel ,  Sir  John  Frederick  William,  astron¬ 
omer  and  physicist,  XII.  826,  2  c;  on  the 
solar  temperature,  XV.  906,  1  b. 

Her'schel,  Sir  William ,  astronomer,  XIII.  865, 

1  c ;  XV.  895,  1  c ;  observatory  of,  914, 

1  a. 


IIERTZEX 


HYSTERIA 


829 


Hertzen ,  Alexander ,  Russian  journalist,  XII. 
836,  2  c. 

Herzegovina  [hair-ts&h-go-ve'-na],  province  of 
Turkey,  rebellion  in,  IX.  842,  1  a. 

Hespeeoenis,  extinct  bird,  VIII.  842. 

Hesser,  Frederick,  colliery  watchman,  killed  by 
Molly  Maguires ,  XI.  896,  2  a,  b,  c. 

Heyking,  Baron,  Russian  officer,  victim  of  the 
nihilists,  XII.  838,  1  a. 

Hickory,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Hioks,  George  E.,  English  painter,  VIII.  842. 

Hidden,  Prof ,  VIII.  842,  1  b. 

Hiddenite,  a  new  mineral,  VIII.  842. 

Hide-bound  skin,  a  disease,  XV.  887,  2  a. 

Hideyoshi  [he-da-yo'-she],  Japanese  warrior 
and  statesman,  V.  814,  2  a. 

Hildebrandt ,  Ferdinand  Theodor,  German 
painter,  XV.  921,  1  c. 

Hilgard,  Prof ,  of  the  U.  S.  coast  survey,  IX. 
865,  2  b. 

Hill,  G.  IF.,  American  astronomer,  XI.  898, 
2  be. 

Hill,  Thomas,  American  painter,  VIII.  842. 

Hind,  astronomer,  XV.  894,  2  ab. 

Hirschfeld ,  Gen.  [heersh'-felt],  German  soldier, 
XIV.  890,  1  b. 

Hoang-nan",  a  drug,  VIII.  842. 

Hoar,  George  F.,  American  statesman,  VI.  814, 
1  a,  815,  1  b. 

TIobaet  Pasiia,  Turkish  naval  officer,  VIII. 
842. 

Hoboken,  X.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Hohenlohe,  Cardinal  [ho'-en-lo-eh],  Prussian 
ambassador  to  the  papal  court,  VII.  840, 2  ab. 

Holden,  E.  S .,  on  the  nebulae  of  Orion,  XII. 
827,  1  b ;  director  of  the  Madison  (Wis.)  ob¬ 
servatory,  844,  2  b ;  XIII.  863,  2  b,  864,  1 
a ;  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XV.  907, 1  b  ;  draw¬ 
ings  of  the  sun’s  corona,  2  b,  c. 

Holl,  Frank,  English  painter,  VIII.  843. 

Holly,  Birdsell ,  American  inventor.  His 
steam-heating  system,  XV.  898,  1  c. 

Holmes  collection  of  geological  specimens,  XII. 
825,  1  c. 

Holub,  Emil,  Bohemian  naturalist,  VIII.  843. 

Holyoke,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Homee,  Winslow,  American  artist,  VIII.  843. 

Hook,  James  Clark,  English  painter,  VIII.  843. 

Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton,  English  botanist,  XV. 
903,  1  a. 

Hornstein  [horn-stlne],  astronomer.  On  mag¬ 
netic  elements,  XV.  904,  2  a. 

Houston,  Texas  [hu-stun],  XV.  920,  1  b. 


Houzeau,  Dr.,  director  of  the  Brussels  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  846,  1  b ;  XV.  914,  1  b. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.,  postmasier-general,  U.  S.  A. 
I.  840,  2  b. 

Howe  Island,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands,  XV. 
920,  2  c. 

Howgate,  H.  W.,  American  army  officer.  His 
plan  relative  to  the  Arctic  discoveries,  I. 
833,  1  a. 

Hoyle.  His  steam-heating  apparatus,  XV.  896, 
2  c. 

Hoyt,  Governor,  XVI.  857,  2  c. 

Hubbinet,  chief  of  Kiev  police  administration, 
XII.  838,  1  b. 

Hudson,  X.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Huggins,  William,  English  astronomer.  His 
photographs  of  comets,  V.  808,  2  c,  809, 1  a. 
On  the  nebulae,  XII.  826,  2  c.  His  photo¬ 
graph  of  nebulae,  827,  2  b.  Observatory  of, 
845,  2  a.  Photographs  of  star  spectra,  XV. 
895,  2  a.  On  the  photosphere,  903, 1  c.  On 
the  solar  corona,  905,  1  c.  Observatory  of, 
915,  1  b. 

Hughes,  Prof.  Ilis  microphone,  XI.  890,  2  c, 
891,  1  a;  XV.  912,  1  a. 

Hugo,  Victor.  Polish  translations  of  his  plays, 
XI.  896,  1  a. 

Humbeet  IV.,  king  of  Italy,  IX.  841. 
Humboldt ,  Friedrich  Heinrich  Alexander  von, 
baron  [hoom'-bolt],  German  naturalist.  On 
the  haze  in  Mexico,  V.  823,  1  c. 

Humphreys ,  Gen.,  American  engineer.  His 
theory  of  bar  formation,  IX.  857,  2  c,  858, 

1  a. 

Hunt,  James  Henry  Leigh,  author,  present  at 
the  cremation  of  Shelley,  V.  818,  1  b. 

Hunt,  William  H.,  American  statesman,  I.  840, 

2  b ;  secretary  of  the  navy,  VII.  856,  2  c. 
Hunt,  William  Holman,  painter,  XI.  899,  1  c. 
Hunton,  Eppa,  American  statesman,  VI.  814, 

1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Huntsville,  Ala.,  I.  813,  1  b. 

Hussein  Avni  [hoos-sain'  dv-ne],  grand  vizier 
of  Turkey,  XI.  891,  2  c. 

Hyatt,  I.  S.,  American  inventor,  IV.  802,  2  a, 
803,  2  a. 

Hyatt,  John  W.,  Jr.,  American  inventor,  IV. 
802,  1  b,  2  a,  803,  2  a. 

Hydrophobia,  alleged  remedy  for,  VIII.  2  ab. 
Hypertrophies :  see  Hypertrophic  Affections. 
Hypertrophic  affections  of  the  skin,  XV.  880, 

2  a,  c,  886,  2  a. 

Hypertrophy  of  hair,  XV.  887,  2  c. 

Hysteria,  sumbul  given  for,  XV.  903,  1  b. 


830 


ICHTHYOSIS 


JACQUE 


Ichthyosis,  or  fish-skin  disease,  XV.  887,  1  c. 

Idaho,  territory,  IX.  841 ;  forests  in,  VII.  852, 
2  b. 

Iglesias ,  Gen.  [e-gla'-se-as],  Peruvian  soldier, 
IV.  815,  2  c,  816,  1  a. 

Ignatieff,  Nikolai  Pavlovitch,  Russian  diplo¬ 
matist,  IX.  841  ;  ambassador  to  Peking,  2  b  ; 
extraordinary  ambassador  to  St.  Petersburg, 
c;  instigates  the  Russo-Turkish  war,  842, 

1  a ;  III.  804,  1  a. 

Tliamna  peaJc,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 

Iliuliuk,  Alaska,  I.  819,  1  c,  2  b. 

Illinois,  IX.  842.  Population  and  production 
of,  1  b ;  finances,  c ;  schools,  2  b ;  railroads, 
c  ;  canals,  848,  1  be  ;  asylums,  c  ;  corn  crop, 

2  a ;  rye,  b ;  wheat,  c ;  live-stock,  844, 
1  a. 

Illiteracy  in  the  United  States,  IV.  806,  2  c. 

Illovaiski,  Russian  journalist,  XIII.  856,  2  b. 

Imertinski ,  Russian  soldier,  XV.  890,  2  b. 

Impetico,  skin  disease,  XV.  885,  2  b,  c. 

Incandescent  electric  lights,  of  Edison,  VI.  808, 
1  a ;  history  and  principles  of,  823,  1  c  ;  Edi¬ 
son’s,  2  b;  Maxim’s,  c. 

Indiana,  IX.  844.  Population,  1  a;  products 
and  finances,  b ;  railroads,  c  ;  schools,  2  c ; 
asylums,  845,  1  b ;  correction,  c ;  agricultu¬ 
ral  reports,  2  b ;  coal,  c ;  churches,  846,  1  a ; 
manufactures  and  principal  cities,  b. 

Indianapolis ,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Indigo,  artificial  preparation  of,  IX.  846  ;  dis¬ 
covery  of  the  process,  1  b ;  process,  2a;  its 
uses,  c ;  other  processes,  847,  1  a. 

Industries  of  United  States,  IV.  810. 

Infallibility  of  the  pope :  see  Papal  Infalli¬ 
bility. 

Ingersoll,  Robert  G.,  American  orator,  IX. 
847. 

Inness,  George,  American  painter,  XV.  921,  2  a. 

Innocent  X.,  pope,  XII.  842,  2  a. 

Innuit,  a  race  of  people  in  Alaska,  I.  815,  2. 

Inoculation,  its  effect  in  the  cattle  plague,  IV. 
800,  2  b. 

Iowa,  IX.  847.  Population,  agricultural  prod¬ 
ucts,  and  finances,  2  a ;  education  and  rail¬ 
roads,  b  ;  chief  cities,  848,  1  b. 

Iron ,  manufactures,  IV.  811,  1  c;  products,  2  c, 
812,  1  b;  ore  in  Maryland,  XI.  878,  1  a;  ore 
in  Michigan,  886,  1  c,  888,  2  b  ;  ore  in  Mis¬ 
souri,  894,  2  a;  ore  in  New  Jersey,  XII.  830, 
1  ab;  ore  in  Ohio,  846,  2  c;  ore  in  Tennes¬ 
see,  XV.  916,  1  c,  917,  1  b ;  ore  in  Virginia, 
XVI.  849,  1  c,  850,  1  ab ;  ore  in  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  854,  1  a;  ore  in  Wisconsin,  855,  2  a. 


Iron-clad  vessels,  constructed  by  Eads,  VI.  802. 
2  c. 

Irving,  John  Henry  Brodribb,  English  actor, 
IX.  848. 

Isabella  II.,  ex-queen  of  Spain,  I.  820,  2  a. 
Isandlana ,  Zululand,  camp  at,  XVI.  860, 
2  a. 

Ismail  Pasha  [is-ma-eel'],  khedive  of  Egypt,  I. 
821,  1  ab :  succeeds  to  the  throne,  VI.  809, 

1  a ;  his  financial  difficulties,  b ;  deposed,  2 
b,  810,  1  c. 

Isthmus  Canal,  IX.  848.  Surveys  by  the 
American  government,  2  b;  French  route, 
c ;  Tehuantepec  surveyed,  849,  1  a  ;  surveys 
for  a  tide-level  canal,  b ;  congress  to  discuss, 

2  a;  five  routes  submitted,  b;  engineering 
schemes,  c  ;  maps,  850  ;  artificial  lakes,  851, 

1  a ;  American  plans  for  a  tide-level  canal, 
b ;  estimated  income  from,  2  a ;  respective 
merits  of  French  and  American  plans,  b ; 
advantages  of  Nicaragua,  c  ;  Lull  and  Meno- 
cal’s  proposed  route,  852,  1  b;  disadvan¬ 
tages  of  the  Panama  route,  2  b;  the  Wyse- 
Reclus  route,  c ;  proposed  tunnel,  853,  1  b ; 
work  begun,  c. 

Itch ,  as  a  skin  disease,  XV.  880,  1  a  ;  barber’s, 
881,  1  a,  2  a,  885,  2  b. 

Itching,  skin  disease,  XV.  882,  2  c. 

Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Ivanoff  [e-van'-off],  nihilist,  XII.  837,  2  b. 
Ivens,  Robert ,  explorer,  XIV.  896,  2  ab. 

Jablochkojf,  Paul ,  Russian  officer.  His  elec¬ 
tric  candle,  VI.  820,  1  c,  826,  2  c. 
Jaboeandi,  a  shrub,  IX.  853  ;  as  a  diaphoretic, 

2  b. 

Jackson,  John  Adams,  American  sculptor,  IX. 
854. 

Jackson,  Mich.,  X.  890,  2  b. 

Jackson,  Miss.,  XI.  894,  2  a. 

Jackson,  Tenn.,  university  at,  XV.  917,  1  ab; 
population  of,  918,  1  b. 

Jackson,  W.  H.,  explores  the  habitations  of  the 
cliff  dwellers,  IV.  818,  2  a,  c,  819,  1  a.  His 
explorations  in  Colorado,  2  b,  820,  1  c. 
Jackson  collection  of  stone  implements,  XII. 
825,  2  a. 

Jacksonville,  Fla.,  VII.  846,  2  c,  847,  1  a. 
Jacksonville,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Jacobi.  His  steel  process,  XV.  899,  2  a. 
Jacobs,  Sarah,  Welsh  faster,  VII.  842,  2  c. 
Jacque,  Charles  Emile  [zhak],  French  painter, 
IX.  854. 


JAMES 


KEATS 


831 


James,  Gomer ,  killed  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI. 
896,  2  ab. 

James,  Prof.,  of  Harvard.  His  lectures,  IX. 
865,  2  be. 

James,  Thomas  L .,  postmaster-general,  VII. 
856,  2  c. 

Jamestown,  1ST.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Jamin.  His  electric  candle,  VI.  820,  2,  821,  1 

a,  826,  2  c  (ill.). 

Jan ,  Abdullah,  younger  son  of  Shere  Ali,  I. 
811,  1  a. 

Jan,  Mohammed,  opposes  Gen.  Roberts  before 
Cabool,  I.  811,  2  c. 

Janesville,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

Jans,  Anneke  (Webber),  early  settler  of  Hew 
York,  IX.  854 ;  marries  Bogardus,  2  a ;  her 
descendants’  claim  against  Trinity  church,  b. 
Janssen,  director  of  the  Mendon  observatory, 
XII.  846,  2  a ;  XV.  903,  1  c ;  on  the  transit 
of  Venus,  XVI.  847,  1  b. 

Japan.  Hostility  toward  Corea,  V.  814,  1 

b,  c. 

Jeannette  expedition.  Observations  on  the  ice 
north  of  Behring  strait,  I.  815,  2  a,  832,  1  c  ; 
V.  828,  1  b. 

Jebb,  Richard  Claverhouse,  English  scholar, 
IX.  855. 

Jeffeeson,  Joseph,  American  actor,  IX.  855; 

V.  826,  1  ab;  VII.  841,  2  c. 

Jefferson  City,  Ho’.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Jenkins,  Edward,  British  author,  IX.  855. 
Jenkinson,  Bishop,  XII.  852,  2  b. 

Jersey  City,  H.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Jessel,  Sir  George,  English  lawyer,  IX.  855. 
Jetties,  piers  or  dikes  built  out  into  the  sea, 
IX.  855  ;  theory  of,  2  b ;  their  effect  on  the 
surface  slope  of  water,  856,  la;  bars  on  the 
sea  coast,  c  ;  moving  of  solid  matter  by  cur¬ 
rents,  2  a ;  formation  of  deltas,  857,  1  a. 
Plans  for  deepening  the  mouth  of  the  Missis¬ 
sippi,  b;  Eads’s  proposition,  2  a;  Eads’s 
theory  of  the  cause  of  sand  bars,  858,  1  a ; 
Humphrey’s  opposition  to  Eads,  b;  Eads’s 
answer,  ib. ;  extract  from  Humphrey’s  re¬ 
port,  c  ;  Eads’s  reply,  2  b ;  another  extract, 
859, 1  a ;  practical  arrest  of  the  bar  advance, 
b ;  reduction  in  friction  of  the  flow  of  water, 
2  b;  deeper  channel,  c;  maps,  860;  the 
mattresses,  2  c  ;  map  of  Mississippi  from  the 
passes  to  the  forts,  861 ;  sinking  the  mat¬ 
tresses,  2  c  ;  strength  added  to  the  jetties  by 
the  sediment,  862,  2  a ;  illustration  of  east 
jetty,  862 ;  stone  capping,  1  c ;  railway 
track  over  the  jetties,  863,  1  a;  depth  of 


passes,  b ;  dams  across  passes,  c ;  power  of 
the  works  in  controlling  the  discharge  of 
the  water,  2  b ;  dredge-boat  used  to  correct 
changes  in  the  channel,  864,  1  a;  success 
of,  b. 

JonNS  Hopkins  University,  IX.  864.  Board 
of  trustees  organized,  1  c  ;  endowment  of, 
2a;  its  plans,  b ;  course  of  study,  865,  1  b ; 
supplementary  course  of  lectures,  2  a ;  course 
to  teachers,  866,  1  a ;  scientific  journals  of, 
b ;  university  circular,  c ;  laboratory  work, 
2  a;  library,  c;  fellows,  867,  1  a;  students, 
b ;  buildings,  c ;  X.  856,  1  b. 

Johnson,  Frost,  American  painter,  IX.  867. 

Johnston,  soldier,  II.  804,  1  c ;  at  Bentonville, 
808,  1  b,  2  a. 

Joliet ,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Jones,  superintendent  of  Lansford  coal  mines, 
killed  by  the  Molly  Maguires,  XI.  896,  1  c, 
2  ab,  be,  c. 

Jones  collection  of  stone  implements ,  XII.  825, 
2  a. 

Joplin,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Josh  Billings,  pseudonyme,  XIV.  897,  2  a. 

Juices,  J.  B.,  British  geologist,  VII.  858,  1  a. 

Juneau  City,  Alaska,  I.  816,  1  b,  817,  1  be. 

Jupiter,  planet,  XIII.  862,  2  c,  863  (ill.) ;  red 
spot  on,  864,  2  b ;  satellites  of,  XV.  906,  1  a, 
913,  2  a. 

Jupiter,  statue  of,  XIV.  896,  2  c. 

Jurgensen.  Electric  lamp,  efficiency  of,  VI. 
827. 


Kadiak,  Alaska,  I.  813,  2  b ;  climate  of,  815, 1 
a,  816,  1  b. 

Kanaga  [ka-na'-ga],  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands, 
I.  818,  2  c. 

Kansas.  Population  and  productions,  IX.  867, 
2  a ;  finances,  b ;  school  fund,  c ;  railroads, 
868,  1  b ;  taxes,  c ;  debt  and  resources,  1  a ; 
trees,  b ;  crops  and  chief  cities,  c. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  1  a,  2  b. 

Kant.  His  hypothesis  on  comets,  V.  806,  2  b, 
807,  1  c,  808,  1  a. 

Karakbzoff \  attempts  the  assassination  of  the 
czar  of  Russia,  XII.  835,  2  b,  836,  2  a. 

Karnak,  Egypt,  obelisk  at,  XII.  842,  2  b. 

Katkoff',  Russian  journalist,  XIII.  856,  2  b. 

Kaufmann,  Gen.  [kowf'-man],  Russian  com¬ 
mander  in  Turkistan,  I.  810,  1  b;  XV.  890, 
2  a. 

Kazan  [k4-zan'J,  observatory  at,  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Keats ,  John,  English  poet,  XV.  922,  2  c. 


832 


KEENE 


LANGDON 


Keene ,  N.  H.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 

Keloid ,  skin  disease,  XV.  889,  1  a. 

Kendrick,  John,  English  scholar,  IX.  8G9. 

Kentucky,  IX.  869.  Population,  agricultural 
products,  and  finances,  1  b ;  railroads  and 
insurance  companies,  c ;  whiskey,  2  a ;  grain 
and  coal,  b ;  instruction,  c ;  chief  cities, 
870,  1  a. 

Ke'okuk ,  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  b. 

Keppler,  Joseph  Ferdinand,  American  carica¬ 
turist,  IX.  870. 

Kerr,  M.  C.,  American  statesman,  XIY.  885, 
2  b. 

Ketchwayo  (Cetywayo),  king  of  Zululand,  XVI. 
859,  1  b,  2  a;  as  a  warrior,  860,  1  c;  cap¬ 
ture  of,  861,  2  b. 

Kew  observatory,  XII.  845,  1  b. 

Key  West,  Florida,  VII.  846,  2  c,  847,  1  a. 

Khan ,  Ayub  [kan  a-yoob'] ;  marches  against 
Candahar,  I.  812,  1  a;  defeat  and  flight  of, 
2  a. 

Khan ,  Mohammed  Yakub,  son  of  Shere  Ali,  I. 
810,  2  a,  c;  acting  ameer,  811,  1  a,  b,  c ; 
prisoner,  2  b. 

Khomiakoff,  founder  of  Panslavism,  XIII.  855, 
2  c. 

Kilpatrick,  soldier,  II.  804,  2  a. 

Kimball,  H.  L,  director-general  of  Atlanta 
cotton  exposition,  II.  803,  2  a. 

Kinetic  theory  of  gases,  X.  862,  1  a. 

Kingston,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Kinnear,  IF.,  farmer  of  Beaufort  West,  XII. 
854,  1  c. 

Kircher,  Julius ,  cremates  the  body  of  his 
infant,  V.  818,  1  a. 

Kiriyevskis ,  founder  of  Panslavism,  XIII.  855, 
2  c. 

Kirkwood,  Daniel,  American  mathematician, 
II.  802,  1  b. 

Kirkwood ,  Samuel  J.,  secretary  of  the  interior, 
VII.  856,  2  c. 

Klebs,  Prof,  German  physician.  His  theory 
of  bacterial  germs  in  diphtheria,  VII.  863, 
1  a,  864,  b.  His  experiments  in  Roman 
fever,  c. 

Klein ,  Dr.  [kline].  His  experiments  with 
bacteria,  VII.  861,  1  b,  862,  1  c. 

Klementz,  Dimitri,  nihilist,  XII.  839,  1  a. 

Knatchbull-Hugessen,  Edward,  English  au¬ 
thor,  X.  853. 

Kneading,  XI.  883,  1  b. 

Knowles,  James,  English  architect,  IX.  853. 

Knoxville,  Tenn.,  university  at,  XV.  917,  1  a; 
population  of,  918,  1  b. 


Koch  [kok-h].  His  experiments  with  bacteria, 
VII.  861,  1  b,  862,  1  ab,  863,  2  a ;  XV.  894, 
1  c. 

Kollar,  Jan ,  Slavic  scholar  and  poet,  XIII.  855, 
1  c. 

Konkoly,  V.  de,  observatory  of,  XII.  846,  1  b ; 
XV.  915,  1  c. 

Korovin,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 
Korsakoff,  Prince  Dondoukoff,  Russian  gov¬ 
ernor,  III.  804,  1  c. 

Kotliarevski ,  procurator  at  Kiev,  XII.  838,  1  b. 
Kowalski ,  observatory  of,  XV.  915,  1  a. 
Krapotkin,  Prince ,  governor  of  Kharkov,  vic¬ 
tim  of  the  nihilists,  XII.  838,  1  a,  2  c. 
Krapotkin,  Prince,  Russian  geologist,  brother 
of  preceding,  XII.  838,  2  c. 

Kriegspiel  [kreegs-speel],  war  game,  X.  853 ; 
invention  of,  2  c  ;  its  utility,  854,  1  a  ;  appa¬ 
ratus  for,  ab;  the  players,  c;  rules  for  the 
game,  2  a;  as  a  training,  855,  1  a;  fortress 
or  siege  game,  b.  Simplification  of  the 
game,  c. 

Krudener,  Gen.  [krii'-deh-ner],  Russian  soldier, 

XIV.  892,  2  b,  c. 

Kruger,  Dr.,  director  of  the  Gotha  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  2  c ;  XV.  895,  2  be. 

Krupp  [kroop].  His  steel  process,  XV.  899,  2  a. 
Ku-Klux-Klan,  secret  organization,  XV.  922, 
1  c. 

Kullman,  attempts  Bismarck’s  life,  VII.  841, 
1  c. 

Kuro-siwo,  North  Pacific  current,  I.  815,  1  c. 
Kyska ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 

Labiche,  Eugene  Marin  [M-beesh],  French 
dramatist,  X.  855. 

La  Gotera,  Gen.,  secretary  of  war  in  Peru,  IV. 
814,  2  b. 

La  Crosse,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

La  Farge,  JohD,  American  artist,  X.  856. 
Lafayette ,  Ind.  [la-fa-yet'],  IX.  846,  1  b. 
Lamar',  Lucius  Quintus  Cincinnatus,  American 
senator,  X.  856. 

Lambinet ,  Emile  [lam-be-na],  French  painter, 

XV.  920,  1  b. 

Lancaster,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Lane,  Henry  S.,  American  statesman,  senator, 
XI.  899,  2  ab. 

Lane-Fox,  incandescent  electric  light,  VI.  824, 
1  a,  826,  2  c ;  report  on,  828,  1  a. 

Lang,  Andrew ,  English  scholar,  III.  802,  2  c. 
Langdon,  F.  IF.  Killed  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI. 
896,  2  a,  b,  c. 


LANGLEY 


LINCOLN 


833 


Langley,  Prof.  John  W.,  on  the  sun’s  corona, 
XY.  907,  1  c,  2  b. 

Langley ,  Prof.  S.  P.,  American  astronomer, 
on  the  heat  of  the  moon,  XI.  898,  1  c;  di¬ 
rector  of  Alleghany  observatory,  XII.  844, 

1  c ;  on  the  photosphere,  XY.  903,  1  c,  904, 

2  b,  c ;  on  the  solar  temperature,  906,  1  b ; 
on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  907,  1  b,  914,  1  c ;  on 
the  transit  of  Yenus,  XYI.  847,  1  c. 

Lanier,  Sidney,  American  author,  X.  856.  Ilis 
lectures  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  IX. 
866,  1  a. 

Lankester,  Edwin  Kay,  English  physicist,  X. 
856. 

Lansing ,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Laplace,  Pierre  Simon  [la-plas],  marquis  de. 
His  hypothesis  on  comets,  Y.  806,  2  b,  807, 
1  c,  2  be,  808,  la;  on  the  moon,  XI.  899, 

1  a,  XII.  828,  1  b. 

Larch ,  tree,  YII.  850,  1  be,  2  be,  853,  1  a. 
Larcom,  Lucy,  American  poet,  X.  856. 

Larkin,  E.  L.,  of  the  New  Windsor  observa¬ 
tory,  XY.  915,  1  c. 

L%  Rue,  de  [la-ru],  solar  photographs  of,  XII. 

845,  1  b ;  XY.  914,  1  a. 

Lassell,  observatory  of,  XY.  914,  1  a. 

Laurel,  tree,  YII.  853,  1  c. 

Lawrence,  Kan.,  IX.  868,  2  c. 

Lawn  Tennis,  X.  856,  857  (ills.) ;  rules  for 
game,  856,  2  c. 

Lawrence,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Lay’ard,  Austen  Henry,  English  archeologist, 
XIY.  886,  1  a. 

Leadville,  Col.,  X.  857;  elevation  and  found¬ 
ing  of,  858,  1  a ;  schools  and  churches  of, 

2  a  ;  view,  858;  mining  industries  in,  1  c  ;• 
furnaces  used  there,  859,  1  b ;  climate,  be ; 
geology  of,  c ;  analysis  of  ores,  2  a,  Y.  802, 
1  a,  804,  2  b ;  population  of,  805,  2  c. 

Leather  Board,  composition  of  sole-leather, 
&c.,  X.  859. 

Leavenworth,  Kan.,  IX.  868,  2  c. 

Lebanon ,  Tenn.,  university  at,  XY.  917,  1  a. 

Le  Conte,  Dr.  [le  kont],  American  naturalist, 
IY.  797,  1  c,  2  a. 

Ledochowski,  archbishop  of  Posen,  YII.  841, 
1  a,  b,  c. 

Lee.  His  steam-heating  apparatus,  XY.  897, 

1  a. 

Lee,  of  the  Hartwell  observatory,  XY.  915, 1  c. 
Leeson-Prince  observatory,  XY.  915,  1  b. 
L^efont,  of  the  Calcutta  observatory,  XY.  915, 
1  a. 


Lefranc  [luh-frane],  French  writer,  X.  855,  2  ab. 
Legros,  Alphonse  [lhli-gro],  French  painter, 
X.  860. 

Lehigh  University  observatory,  XY.  915, 1  c. 
Lehman  [la-man],  Swiss  color-bearer,  Y.  806, 

1  a. 

Leipsic  observatory  [lipe'-sik],  XII.  845,  2  c ; 
XY.  915,  1  ab.  * 

Leitner,  Gottlieb  William  [lite-ner],  British 
educator,  X.  860. 

Lemmon,  Jonathan,  test  slave  case  of,  I.  839, 

2  b. 

Le  Moyne,  F.  J.  [luh-moin],  American  physi¬ 
cian.  His  crematory,  Y.  817,  1  c,  2  b,  818, 

1  c. 

Lenox,  James,  founder  of  Lenox  library,  X.  862, 

2  a. 

Lenox  Library,  X.  860 ;  its  books,  2  b ;  col¬ 
lection  of  Americana,  be;  pictures,  c;  statues, 
861,  1  a. 

Lentigo,  or  freckles,  XY.  886,  2  b. 

Leo  XIII.,  pope  of  Rome,  X.  861 ;  YII.  841,  2  a. 
Leprosy,  alleged  remedy  for,  YIII.  842,  2  b; 

skin  disease,  XY.  880,  1  b,  890,  1  a. 
Lerebours,  telescope  maker,  XY.  915,  1  a. 
Lesseps ,  Ferdinand  de,  viscount  [la-seps],  French 
diplomatist.  Suez  canal,  YI.  812,  1  c. 
American  isthmus  investigations,  IX.  849, 

1  b,  2  a.  Suez  canal,  XI.  876,  2  a. 

Leterrier  [la-tair-re-a],  French  dramatist,  X. 

855,  2  c. 

Lethorodi,  chief  of  the  rebel  Basutos,  II.  805, 

2  b,  c. 

Leucoderma ,  skin  disease,  XY.  888,  2  a. 
Leverrier,  Urbain  Jean  Joseph  [luh-vair-ya], 
of  the  Paris  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c.  His 
theory  of  Mercury,  XIII.  863,  1  c,  2  a,  b,  c, 
864,  1  a. 

Lewis,  Edmonia,  American  sculptor,  X.  861. 
Lewis,  Ida,  American  heroine,  X.  861. 
Lewiston,  Me.,  XI.  875,  2  b. 

Lexington,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a. 

Leyden  observatory  [li'-den],  XII.  846, 1  b;  XY. 
896,  1  b. 

Leyton  observatory,  XY.  915,  1  a. 

Liaponoff,  astronomer,  XY.  894,  1  a. 

Lice ,  XY.  881,  2  b. 

Lichen  [IF- ken],  skin  disease,  XY.  885,  1  b. 
Lick  observatory,  XII.  844,  2  b. 

Lignum  vitce,  tree,  YII.  852,  1  ab. 

Lima  [le-ma],  capital  of  Peru,  IV.  815,  1  b. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  president  of  the  United 
States.  His  consultation  about  iron-clads, 
YI.  802,  2  b. 


53 


834 


LINCOLN 


McDonough 


Lincoln ,  Neb.,  XII.  826,  2  be. 

Lincoln ,  R.  I.,  XIV.  888,  2  a. 

Lincoln ,  Robert  T .,  secretary  of  war,  VII.  856, 
2  c. 

Linden ,  tree,  VII.  850,  2  b. 

Lindsay ,  ZonZ,  observatory  of,  XII.  845,  2  a. 
On  double  stars,  XV.  898,  2  c,  914,  1  b,  915, 
1  c.  His  party  for  observation  of  transit 
of  Venus,  XVI.  846,  2  a. 

Lintner ,  V.  A.,  American  naturalist,  IV.  797, 
1  c. 

Liquefaction  of  Gases,  X.  861.  Faraday’s  ex¬ 
periment,  2  b;  the  kinetic  theory,  862,  1  a; 
liquefaction  of  permanent  gases,  2  a. 

Liquid-ambar,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Lisbon  observatory ,  XII.  846,  2  b ;  XV.  914,  1  b. 

Lister.  His  antiseptic  method,  VII.  863,  1  b. 

Liszt ,  Franz  [list],  Hungarian  pianist  and  com¬ 
poser,  XVI.  855,  1  b. 

Litchfield ,  observatory  of  Hamilton  college, 
Clinton,  N.  Y.,  XII.  844,  2  a;  XV.  914, 
1  b. 

Liubibratitch ,  insurrectionist,  XIV.  891,  1  a. 

Liverpool  observatory ,  XII.  845,  1  c ;  XV.  914, 
1  a,  915. 

Liver  spots ,  skin  disease,  XV.  881,  1  c,  2  a, 
886,  2  b. 

Livingstone ,  Dr.  David ,  Scottish  traveller  and 
explorer,  III.  809,  2  a. 

Lockport ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b.  Holly  steam¬ 
heating  system,  XV.  898,  1  c. 

Lockyer ,  of  the  London  observatory,  XV.  915, 
1  c. 

Locust ,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Lodyguine ,  Russian  physicist,  VI.  823,  1  c. 

Logan,  John  Alexander,  American  soldier,  X. 

863. 

Logansport ,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

London  observatory,  XV.  914,  1  a,  b,  915, 1  b,  c. 

Long  Island  City ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Loris-Melikoff,  Count  Mikhail  Tarielovitch, 
Russian  general,  X.  863  ;  military  governor 
of  Kharkov,  XII.  838,  1  c ;  his  power,  2  b ; 
threatened  by  nihilists,  c;  in  the  Russo- 
Turkish  war,  XIV.  892,  2  a,  893,  1  c. 

Lorne,  John  George  Edward  Henry  Douglas 
Sutherland  Campbell,  marquis,  X.  864. 

Los  Angeles loce  an'-jbh-less],  Cal.,  III.  808,1  a. 

Lotta  (Lotta  Crabtree),  American  actress,  X. 

864. 

Louise ,  princess ,  fourth  daughter  of  Queen 
Victoria,  X.  864,  1  b. 

Louisiana,  X.  864.  Population  and  agricul¬ 
tural  products,  1  c  ;  finances,  2  a  ;  education 


in,  865,  1  a;  asylum,  c  ;  exports  and  imports, 
2  a ;  sugar  industries,  ab ;  chief  cities,  c ; 
forests  in,  VII.  851,  2  c. 

Louis  Napoleon,  prince,  death  of,  XVI.  861, 1  b. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a;  oleomargarine 
factory  at,  XII.  852,  1  a. 

Louse,  of  the  scalp,  XV.  881,  2  b ;  body  and 
crab,  c. 

Lowe ,  Drury,  English  general  in  Egypt,  VI. 
813,  1  b. 

Lowell,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ;  popu¬ 
lation,  882,  1  b. 

Lowell,  Prof.,  of  Harvard  college.  His  lec¬ 
tures,  IX.  2  ab. 

Lucknow  observatory ,  XV.  915,  1  c. 

Lull,  Edward  P.,  surveys  Nicaragua  for  a 
canal,  IX.  849,  1  a,  2  b,  851,  2  b.  His  plan, 
852,  1  b. 

Lumber,  of  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  a;  in  Michigan, 
XI.  888,  1  b;  of  Minnesota,  893,  2  b;  of 
Washington  territory,  XVI.  851,  2  c. 

Lupus,  skin  disease,  XV.  889,  1  c. 

Luray  Cavern,  X.  865  ;  formation  of,  2  c.  Dis¬ 
covery  of  the  new  and  larger  cave,  866,  1  a; 
internal  decorations  of,  b ;  atmosphere  and 
temperature  of,  c ;  its  peculiar  stalactite,  c 
(ill.),  2a;  its  ravines,  c ;  chandelier,  867,  1 
a ;  map,  867 ;  skeleton  in,  868, 1  c ;  XII.  832, 
1  a,  b. 

Luxor,  Egypt,  obelisk  at,  XII.  842,  2  b. 

Lyman,  of  Yale  college,  XV.  915,  1  ab. 

Lynch,  Capt.,  Chilian  soldier,  IV.  815,  1  c;  ap¬ 
pointed  military  governor  of  Lima,  2  a,  b. 

Lynchburg,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Lynn,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c  ;  popu¬ 
lation,  882,  1  b ;  observatory  at,  XV.  915, 
1  c. 

Lytton,  Lord,  Gov.-Gen.  of  India,  I.  810,  1  a; 
demands  an  apology  of  Sliere  Ali,  2  a. 

McClellan,  George  Brinton,  American  soldier, 
XV.  902,  2  be. 

McClelland,  J.  A.,  American  inventor,  IV. 
801,  2  c. 

McCormick,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  b. 

McCreery,  Charles  A.,  cremated  at  Washing¬ 
ton,  Pa.,  V.  817,  2  b. 

Macdonald,  James  Wilson  Alexander,  Ameri¬ 
can  sculptor,  X.  868. 

Macdonald,  Sir  John  Alexander,  Canadian 
statesman,  X.  868. 

McDonough,  James  B.  His  telephone,  XV. 
909,  2  b. 


MoELMO 


MATTHEWS 


835 


Me  Elmo  canon ,  cliff  dwellers’  ruins  in,  IV. 
820,  2  a. 

McGahan ,  American  journalist,  XIV.  891,  2  a ; 
XV.  890,  2  a. 

Maclean ,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  a. 
McMaster,  John  Bach,  American  historian,  X. 
869. 

Macon ,  Ga.,  VII.  860,  2  b. 

McParlan ,  detective  employed  against  the  J/b7- 
ly  Maguires ,  XI.  896,  2  b. 

MacVeagh,  Wayne ,  American  statesman,  I. 

840,  2  b ;  attorney-general,  VII.  856,  2  c. 
MoWiiirter,  John,  British  painter,  X.  869. 
Madison,  Wis.,  observatory  at,  XII.  844,  2  b; 

XV.  914,  1  b ;  population  of,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 
Madison  cave ,  XII.  832,  1  a,  b. 

Madras'  observatory ,  XV.  915,  1  a,  c. 

Madrazo ,  Raimundo  [m&-£Ara-tho],  Spanish 
painter,  VII.  854,  2  ab. 

Madrid  observatory  [ma-£7iree£7*/],  XII.  846, 
2  b ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Magic  squares ,  XIV.  878,  1  a. 

Magnolia,  tree,  VII.  851,  1  ab,  2  c,  852,  1  a. 
Mahaffy,  John  Peytland,  British  scholar,  XI. 
873. 

Mahmoud  Sahmi  [m4-mood'J,  exiled  with 
Arabi  Paslia,  I.  821,  2  a;  VI.  813,  1  c. 
Mahogany,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a,  853,  2  c. 

Maine,  XI.  873.  Population,  1  b  ;  agricultural 
products  and  finances,  c ;  savings  banks,  2  c ; 
charities  and  correction,  874,  1  a;  schools, 
c ;  lumber  and  fishing  industries,  2  b  ;  ice, 
c ;  railroads,  875 ;  vessels,  1  c ;  principal 
cities,  1  c,  2  b ;  forests  in,  VII.  850,  2  c. 
Major,  Richard  Henry,  English  geographer, 
XI.  875. 

Makart,  Hans,  German  painter,  XI.  876. 
Makushin,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814, 1  b,  819, 1  b. 
Malaxation :  see  Massage,  XI.  882. 

Mallet,  Prof.,  of  the  University  of  Virginia. 

His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  b. 

Mallock,  William  Hurrell,  English  author,  XI. 
876. 

Maltby,  Edward,  English  prelate,  XI.  876. 
Manby,  Charles,  English  engineer,  XI.  876. 
Manchester,  X.  II.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 

Manchester,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Manipulation :  see  Massage,  XI.  882. 
Manitoba,  province  of  Canada,  XI.  876. 
Manks,  Richard,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  1  c. 
Manners,  John  James  Robert,  English  states¬ 
man,  XI.  876. 

Mannheim  observatory  [man'-hime],  XII.  846, 
1  a;  XV.  915,  1  c. 


Mantchooria,  a  portion  of,  ceded  to  Russia, 
IX.  841,  2  b. 

Maple,  tree,  sugar,  VII..850,  2  b ;  great-leaved, 
853,  1  c. 

Marble  quarries,  of  Tennessee,  XV.  917,  1  a. 

Marcy,  Gov.,  VI.  801,  2  c. 

Mardi  Gras  [mar-de  gra],  carnival  of,  XI.  877 ; 
in  Xew  Orleans,  1  b ;  king  of  the  carnival, 
c;  the  My  stick  Krewe  of  Cornu  s,  2  a. 

Maria  Christina  [ma-re'-a  kris-te-na],  queen 
of  Spain,  I.  820,  b. 

Markham,  Commander  A.  H.,  commands  the 
Alert  in  an  Arctic  expedition,  I.  831,  2  b,  c. 

Marks,  Henry  Stacy,  English  painter,  XL  877. 

Mark  Twain  (pseudonyme),  XIV.  886,  2  b. 

Marry  at,  Frederick ,  English  naval  officer  and 
author,  XIV.  890,  1  c. 

Marryat ,  Florence  (Mrs.  Ross-Church),  ib. 

Mars,  planet,  satellite  of,  XII.  828,  1  b ;  XIII. 
862,  2  c,  863  (ill.)  ;  satellites  of,  864, 1  a ;  XV. 
905,  2  b,  913,  2  a. 

Marseilles  observatory  [mar- say1],  XII.  846,  2  a; 
XV.  914,  1  a,  915,  1  a. 

Marsh,  0.  C.,  American  naturalist,  VIII.  842, 
1  a. 

Marshall,  Tex.,  XV.  920, 1  b. 

Marter,  Major,  British  soldier,  XVI.  861,  2  b. 

Martin,  bishop  of  Paderborn,  VII.  841,  1  b. 

Martin,  metallurgist,  XV.  900,  1  b. 

Martin,  Prof,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  c,  866,  1  ab. 

Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  XVI.  854,  2  a. 

Maryland,  XI.  877.  Population,  2  c ;  resources 
and  schools,  878,  1  a;  finances,  b;  insane 
hospital,  c;  schools,  2  a;  canning  interest, 
c  ;  boundary  question,  879, 1  a;  oyster  privi¬ 
leges,  be ;  principal  places,  2  b. 

Marysville ,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Mason,  George  Hemming,  English  painter,  XI. 
879;. 

Maspero,  Prof,  I.  821,  2  a,  b,  c ;  enters  the 
pyramids  of  Merenra,  Pepi,  Uners,  and  Sene- 
froo,  822,  1  a. 

Massachusetts,  XI.  879.  Population,  2  b;  re¬ 
sources  and  schools,  c ;  finances,  880,  881 ; 
railroads,  1  b  ;  chief  places,  882,  1  b. 

Massage,  XI.  882 ;  definition  of,  1  b ;  rules 
concerning,  c;  friction,  2  a;  kneading,  883, 
1  b;  pinching,  884,  1  c;  percussion,  2  a; 
local  effects  of,  c ;  as  an  auxiliary  treatment 
in  heart  disease,  885,  1  b. 

Mastic,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  b. 

Matthews,  Stanley,  American  lawyer,  VI.  814, 
1  b. 


836 


MATTRESSES 


MISSISSIPPI 


Mattresses ,  for  jetties,  IX.  862,  2  c. 

Mat'urin,  Edward  S.,  American  educator,  XI. 

885. 

Mauso'lus ,  tomb  of,  at  Halicarnassus,  XIV.  896, 
2  c. 

Maxim ,  H.  S.,  American  electrician.  His  incan¬ 
descent  light,  YI.  823,  2  c;  reports  on  his 
light,  826,  2  c,  827,  828,  1  a. 

Maximilian  collection  of  specimens  of  natural 
history ,  XI I.  825,  1  c. 

Mayer,  Constant  [mi-er],  American  painter, 
XI.  885. 

Mayo,  Isabella  (Fyvie)  [ma-o],  English  au¬ 
thoress,  XI.  885. 

Mayo ,  Frank ,  American  actor,  III.  809,  2  c. 

Meek,  Fielding  Bradford,  American  palaeon¬ 
tologist,  XI.  885. 

Meeker ,  Indian  agent,  Y.  805,  2  b. 

Megaphone,  speaking  and  ear  trumpet,  XI. 

886. 

Mege ,  Hippolyte  [maizh],  inventor  of  oleomar¬ 
garine,  XII.  848,  2  c,  851,  1  a,  c,  852,  1  a. 

Mehemet  Ali  [ma'-hem-et],  pasha  of  Egypt, 
presents  an  obelisk  to  England,  XII.  842,  2  c. 

Mehemet  Ali ,  commanding  general  of  the  Turk¬ 
ish  army,  XIY.  892,  2  b,  c ;  death  of,  892, 
2  a. 

Mehemet ,  Tewfik  [ma'-hem-et],  khedive  of 
Egypt,  YI.  809,  2  b,  810,  1  c. 

Melbourne  observatory  [mel'-burn],  XII,  845, 
2  b;  XY.  914,  1  a. 

Melikoff  :  see  Loris-Melikoff,  X.  863. 

Melville ,  engineer,  American  naval  officer,  I. 
832,  2  c,  833,  1  a. 

Memphis ,  Tenn.,  XY.  918,  1  b. 

Menlo  Park,  X.  J.,  YI.  807,  1  c. 

Menocal ,  American  engineer,  makes  surveys  for 
an  isthmus  canal,  IX.  849,  1  ab,  2  b,  851,  2 
b;  his  plan,  1  b. 

Mercadier  [mair-ca-dea],  French  natural  phi¬ 
losopher,  XIY.  883,  2  c,  884,  2  c. 

Mercedes ,  Maria  de  las  [mair-sa'-deth],  first  wife 
of  Alfonso  XII.,  I.  820,  2  a. 

Mercury ,  planet,  XIII.  862,  2  c  (ill.),  863;  Le- 
verrier’s  theory  concerning,  1  c. 

Meriden ,  Conn.,  Y.  811,  1  c. 

Merrick ,  Richard ,  American  lawyer,  YI.  814, 

1  b. 

Merritt ,  Samuel ,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  b, 
859,  1  c. 

Merz,  telescope  maker,  XY.  914,  1  b,  c,  915, 

1  a,  b,  c. 

Meshtcherski ,  Prince ,  Russian  Panslavist,  XIII. 
856,  2  b. 


Mesquit ,  tree  [mes-keet'],  YII.  854,  1  a. 

Meteyaed,  Eliza,  English  authoress,  XI.  886. 

Metz  [mace],  city  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  X.  854, 

1  a. 

Meudon  [muh-doDg]  solar  observatory ,  XII.  846, 

2  a;  XY.  903,  1  c. 

Mezentzeff,  Gen.,  director  of  the  Russian  secret 
police,  XII,  838,  1  a. 

Michael,  grand  duke  of  Russia,  XIY.  892,  2  a ; 
XY.  890,  2  a. 

Michigan,  XI.  886.  Population  and  agricultural 
products,  1  c ;  financial  condition,  2,  887,  1, 
2  a ;  railroads,  b ;  lumber,  888,  1  b ;  salt,  2 
b;  iron,  be;  quartz,  c;  copper,  889,  1  a; 
schools,  b;  insane  asylum,  2  c;  deaf  and 
dumb,  890,  1  a;  blind,  ab;  school  report, 
b  ;  house  of  correction,  c ;  state  prison,  2  a ; 
principal  places,  b ;  forests  in,  YII.  850,  2  c. 

Michel,  Marc  [me-shel],  French  writer,  X.  855, 
2  ab. 

Michelson.  His  measure  of  the  velocity  of  light, 
XY.  905,  2  c,  906,  1  a. 

Microdemes,  bacteria,  YII.  861,  2  c,  863,  1  b. 

Microphone,  an  instrument  for  the  detection 
of  faint  sounds,  XI.  890. 

Microtasimeter  (ill.),  measure  of  pressure,  XI. 
891. 

Middletown,  Conn.,  observatory  at,  XY.  914, 
1  c. 

Midhat  Pasha,  Turkish  statesman,  XI.  891 ; 
cruel  rigor  of,  III.  804,  1  a ;  Turkish  consti¬ 
tution  of,  XIY.  892,  1  a. 

Milan  observatory,  XII.  846,  2  b;  XY.  915, 
1  ab. 

Millais,  John  Everett  [mil-la],  English  painter, 
XY.  922,  2  be. 

Miller,  Lewis,  projector  of  the  Chautauqua  as¬ 
sembly,  IY.  813,  1  c. 

Miller,  Samuel  J.,  American  judge,  YI.  814,  1 
a,  815,  1  b. 

Miller,  William  Hallowes,  British  mineralo¬ 
gist,  XI.  892. 

Milwau’kee,  Wis.,  XYI.  856,  2  c. 

Milyutin,  AT.  [mil-yoo'-tin],  Panslavist,  XIII. 
856,  1  b. 

Mineral  springs  of  Colorado,  Y.  805,  1  a. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  XI.  894,  1  a. 

Minnesota,  XI.  892.  Population  and  re¬ 
sources,  1  b ;  finances,  be  ;  schools,  893,  1  b ; 
institutions  of  charity  and  correction,  c ; 
banks  and  insurance  companies,  2  a ;  lumber 
and  agriculture,  b  ;  railroads,  c ;  chief  places, 
894,  1  a;  forests  of,  YII.  850,  2  b,  851,  1  a. 

Mississippi,  XI.  894.  Population  and  agricul- 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER 


MURCHISON 


837 


tural  products,  1  a;  school  and  finances,  b; 
principal  places,  2  a ;  turpentine  interest  in, 
VII.  851,  1  c;  forests  in,  2  c. 

Mississippi  river ,  its  mouth  deepened,  VI. 
803,  2  a. 

Missouri,  XI.  894.  Population  and  resources, 
2  a ;  finances,  b ;  schools,  895,  1  b ;  insane 
asylum,  2  b. 

Mitchell ,  director  of  Vassar  college  observa¬ 
tory,  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Mivart,  St.  George,  English  naturalist,  XI. 
895. 

Moberly ,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Mobile,  Ala.,  I.  813,  1  b. 

Modjeska,  Helena  Benda,  Polish  actress,  XI. 
895. 

MolRre  [mo-lyair].  Polish  translation  of  his 
plays,  XI.  896,  1  a. 

Molly  Maguires,  an  organization  of  coal  min¬ 
ers,  XI.  896;  murders  of,  1  c;  inciting  cause 
of  murders,  2  b ;  conviction  of,  c ;  execution 
of,  ib. 

Monchez ,  Admiral  [mong-cha],  director  of  the 
Paris  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c. 

Monckhoven ,  of  the  Genth  observatory,  XV. 
915,  1  c. 

Monometallism :  see  Bimetallism. 

Montana  [mon-ta'-n&J,  territory,  XI.  897. 
Population,  1  a;  property,  b;  resources,  c; 
finances,  2  a;  forests  in,  VII.  852,  2  b,  853, 

1  b. 

Mont  Cenis  tunnel  [mong-siih-ne],  XIV.  895, 
1  a. 

Montclair ,  N.  J.,  observatory  at,  XV.  915, 
1  be. 

Monteneqro  [mon-ta-na'-gro],  war  against  Tur¬ 
key,  XIV.  891,  2  b. 

Montgomery ,  Ala.  [mont-gum'-e-re],  I.  813, 1  b. 

Monti,  Raffaele,  Italian  sculptor,  XI.  897. 

Montpelier ,  Vt.  [mont-pe'-lyer],  XVI.  848,  2  c. 

Moody ,  D.  L .,  American  preacher,  XII.  858, 
1  a. 

Moon,  XI.  898.  G.  H.  Darwin’s  theory  con¬ 
cerning,  1  a  ;  Pickering  on  light  of,  b  ;  Rosse 
on  heat  of,  be ;  lunar  theories,  2  ah ;  lunar 
tables,  c. 

Moore ,  of  the  Lynn  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  c. 

Moore ,  Ann ,  English  faster,  VII.  842,  2  c. 

Moore ,  George  H,  superintendent  of  Lenox 
library,  X.  861,  1  a. 

Morbi  cutis  parasitici ,  parasitic  affections : 
which  see. 

Morbi  glandularum  cutis ,  glandular  affections : 
which  see. 


Morgan ,  Calvin ,  American  faster,  VII.  842, 
2  b. 

Morphcea ,  skin  disease,  XV.  887,  2  b. 

Morris,  Clara,  American  actress,  XI.  899. 
Morris,  Francis  Orpen,. English  naturalist,  XI. 
899. 

Morris,  Philip  Richard,  English  painter,  XI. 
899. 

Morris ,  Prof.,  of  the  university  of  Michigan. 

His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  b. 

Morristown ,  N.  J.,  XII.  831,  2  a. 

Morton,  Oliver  Perry,  American  statesman, 
XI.  899 ;  one  of  the  electoral  commissioners, 
VI.  814,  1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Morton,  Prof  His  report  on  electrical  bat¬ 
teries,  VI.  816,  2  c. 

Moscow  observatory  [mos'-ko],  XII.  846,  1  c ; 
XV.  914,  1  c. 

Moshesh ,  king  of  the  Basutos,  II.  805,  2  a,  b. 
Mosquito  Range  [mus-ke'-to],  Col.,  X.  858,  1  a, 
859,  1  c,  2  b. 

Moth,  skin  disease,  XV.  886,  2  b. 

Mott ,  Henry  A.  His  experiments  with  oleo¬ 
margarine,  XII.  851,  1  a ;  his  analysis  of 
butter,  852,  1  b. 

Mouchot  [moo-sho],  French  engineer.  His  so¬ 
lar  engine,  VI.  835,  1  a. 

Mountain  lakes ,  in  Colorado,  V.  804,  1  a. 
Mountains ,  in  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b ;  in  the 
Aleutian  islands,  819,  1  b ;  in  Colorado,  V. 
803,  2  a. 

Mount  Hamilton ,  Cal.,  XII.  844,  2  b. 

Movable  platform,  VI.  829,  2  a. 

Mowatt,  Anna  Cora,  American  actress,  V.  825, 

1  c. 

Mower,  American  soldier,  II.  808,  2  a. 

Muhler,  Prussian  minister  of  worship,  VII. 
840,  1  c. 

Muir,  Peter  [mure],  Scotch  bow  maker,  I.  823, 

2  c,  824,  2  c;  his  experiments  with  bows, 
829,  2  c ;  robust  health  of,  830,  1  c. 

Mukhtar  Pasha  [mook'-tar],  Turkish  general, 
XIV.  893,  1  c,  2  a. 

Mul'ler,  Baron  von,  XIII.  862,  2  a. 

Muller,  Orest,  Russian  journalist,  XIII.  856,  2  b. 
Mummies,  found  by  Prof.  Maspero,  I.  821,  2  b,c. 
Munich,  Bavaria  [mu'-nik],  observatory  at,  XV. 
914,  1  c. 

Murad  V.  [moo-rad'],  Turkish  sultan,  XI.  891, 
2  c;  XIV.  891,  2  a,  c. 

Murad  Efrendi  [moo-rad'  ef-fen-de],  sultan  of 
Turkey  as  Murad  V.,  XIV.  891,  2  a,  c. 
Murchison,  Sir  Roderick  Impey  [mur'-ke-son], 
British  geologist,  VII.  857,  2  c. 


838 


MURRAY 


NEWTON 


Murray ,  Prof  \,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Univer¬ 
sity,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Murphy,  Nicholas ,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  c. 
Museum  of  Natueal  Histoey,  New  York, 
XII.  825. 

Musgeave,  George,  English  author,  XII.  825. 
Muske'gon ,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Myer ,  A.  J.,  I.  809,  2  b. 

Myshkin ,  nihilist,  XII.  837,  2  c. 

Naims ,  birth-mark,  skin  affection,  XV.  886,  2  c. 
Nagel i,  German  biologist.  Classes  bacteria  as 
fungi, VII.  861,  2  c.  Bacterial  theory,  864, 1  b. 
Nankin ',  porcelain  tower  of,  XIV.  897,  1  a. 
Napier ,  Charles  [na-pe-er],  at  the  storming 

of  Magdala,  XIV.  886,  1  b. 

Naples  observatory ,  XII.  846,  2  b. 

Nares ,  $2>  George  8.,  English  naval  officer,  I. 
831,  2  a;  announces  the  impracticability  of 
reaching  the  North  Pole,  832,  1  a. 

Nash'ua ,  N.  H.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 

Nashville ,  Tenn.,  universities  at,  XV.  917,  1  a, 
ab;  population  of,  819,  1  b. 

Na’smyth ,  of  Penshurst  observatory,  XV.  915, 

1  b. 

Natchez ,  Miss.,  XI.  894,  2  a. 

Natterer ,  Austrian  chemist.  His  experiment 
with  gases,  X.  862,  1  c. 

Natural  History.  Collections  of  specimens, 
Verreaux,  XII.  825,  1  b.  Maximilian,  Jay, 
Hall,  Holmes,  and  De  Morgan,  c.  Davis, 
Haines,  Jackson,  Steward,  and  Jones,  2  a. 
Naval  Academy  (U.  S.),  observatory  of,  XV. 
915,  1  b. 

Navez ,  Francois  Joseph  [na-va],  Belgian 
painter,  XV.  900,  2  b. 

Neal,  David,  American  painter,  XII,  825. 
Nebeaska,  XII.  825.  Population  and  products, 
826,  1  a ;  finances,  b ;  schools,  c ;  asylums, 

2  a ;  reform  school  and  boundary,  b ;  chief 
places,  be. 

Nebraska  City ,  Neb.,  XII.  826,  2  be. 

Neb'uljs,  XII.  826 ;  distribution  of,  according 
to  Proctor,  2  c;  parallax  of,  827,  1  a;  ex¬ 
amination  of,  at  Washington,  b ;  photo¬ 
graphic  views  of,  c. 

Neb'ulae  Hypothesis,  XII.  827. 

Neilson,  Lilian  Adelaide,  English  actress,  XII. 
828. 

Neoplasmata :  see  New  Formations. 

Neptune ,  planet,  XIII.  862,  2  c  (ill.),  863. 
Netchayeff, \  nihilist,  XII.  835,  2  b;  his  murder 
of  Ivanoff,  837,  2  b,  838,  1  a. 


Neuro'ses :  see  Neurotic  Affections. 

Neurotic  affections ,  skin  disease,  XV.  880,  2 
a,  b,  882,  2  b. 

Neuville,  Alphonse  de  [nuh-veel],  French 
painter,  XII.  828. 

Nevada  [ne-va'-da],  XII.  828.  Population  and 
products,  2  c;  finances,  829,  1  a;  schools, 
b ;  asylum,  be ;  penitentiary,  c ;  chief  places, 
2  a. 

Nevada ,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

New  Albany ,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Newall ,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  b. 

Newark ,  N.  J.,  XII.  831,  2  c. 

New  Bedford ,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

New  Berne ,  N.  C.,  XII.  841,  1  a. 

New  Brighton ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

New  Britain ,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

New  Brunswick ,  N.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Newburgh ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Newcomb ,  Prof.  Simon ,  of  the  U.  S.  naval  ob¬ 
servatory,  IX.  865,  2;  on  the  moon,  XI. 
898,  2  c ;  XIII.  863,  2  b ;  on  the  parallax  of 
the  sun,  XV.  905,  2  c;  on  the  velocity  of 
light,  906,  1  a;  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  907, 
1  b. 

Newdigate ,  Brig.- Gen.,  British  soldier,  XVI. 
861,  1  a. 

New  formations,  skin  disease,  XV.  880,  2  a,  c, 
889,  1  a. 

New  Hampshiee,  XII.  829.  Population  and 
products,  2  a ;  finances,  b ;  chief  places,  830, 

1  a. 

New  Haven ,  Conn.,  V.  811, 1  c  ;  oleomargarine 
factory  at,  XII.  852,  1  a. 

New  Jeesey,  XII.  830.  Population  and  re¬ 
sources,  1  a ;  schools,  b ;  finances,  2  c ;  ri¬ 
parian  commission,  831,  1  a;  valuation  of 
counties,  b  ;  prisons,  be ;  asylums,  2  a ;  its 
fisheries,  c ;  chief  places,  832,  1  a. 

New  London,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Newmaeket  Cave,  Va.,  XII.  832. 

New  Mexico,  territory,  XII.  832  ;  cliff-dwell¬ 
ers  in,  IV.  818,  2  c ;  forests  in,  VII.  852, 

2  b,  c,  854,  1  a,  b. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  school  system  of,  X.  865,  1 
c ;  sugar  of,  2  b ;  population,  c  ;  carnival  at, 
XI.  877,  1  a. 

Newport ,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a. 

Newport ,  R.  I.,  polo  at,  XIII.  865,  1  c,  2  a ; 
population  of,  XIV.  888,  2  a. 

Newtoh,  Alfred  P.,  British  painter,  XII.  832. 

Newton,  H.  A.,  on  comets,  V.  806,  2  b. 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  philosopher,  fixes  the  rela- 


NEW  WINDSOR 


OHIO 


839 


tive  value  of  gold  and  silver,  II.  810,  2  c;  on 
comets,  V.  809,  2  c. 

New  Windsor  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  c. 

New  York,  XII.  832.  Population  and  prod¬ 
ucts,  2  c  ;  finances,  833, 1  a  ;  revenues  of  the 
canals,  be  ;  banks,  2  a ;  insurance  companies, 
c  ;  charitable  institutions,  834,  1  c  ;  prisons, 

2  b ;  schools,  c  ;  immigrants,  835,  1  a ;  chief 
places,  b ;  forests  in,  VII.  850,  2  c. 

New  YorJc ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b ;  obelisk  at, 
843,  844,  1  a;  oleomargarine  factory  in,  851, 

2  a. 

New  Zealand,  ostrich  farming  in,  XII.  854, 

2  a. 

Nicaragua  [ne-ka-ra'-gwa],  proposed  canal 
across,  IX.  849,  1  a,  2  b ;  map,  850,  851,  2  c ; 
length  of  this  route,  852,  2  b. 

Nicholas  emperor  of  Russia,  on  the  annexa¬ 
tion  of  Egypt  by  Great  Britain,  VI.  809,  2  a ; 
Kriegsspiel  exhibited  to,  X.  853,  2  c ;  pro¬ 
vokes  nihilism,  XII.  835,  1  c. 

Nicholas,  Alexandrovitch,  heir  apparent  to  the 
Russian  throne,  I.  820,  2  a. 

Nicholas,  grand  duke  of  Russia,  XIV.  892,  2  a, 
893,  2  b ;  XV.  890,  2  b. 

Nicholas,  prince  of  Montenegro,  XIV.  893, 

1  b‘ 

Nihilism.  Revolutionary  movement  in  Russia, 
XII.  835;  origin  of,  1  c;  promoted  by  greater 
educational  advantages,  2  a ;  confined  to 
youth,  c  ;  receives  its  name  from  Turgeneff, 
836, 1  a ;  its  leader  Bakunin,  b ;  organization 
of,  c ;  its  object,  2  a ;  spread  of,  b ;  its  jour¬ 
nal,  c ;  more  practical  aims  of,  837,  1  a ; 
manifesto  of  the  committee,  b ;  terrorism, 
c ;  agents  of,  2  b ;  victims  of,  c ;  fires  insti¬ 
gated  by,  838,  1  b ;  attempts  on  the  life  of 
the  emperor,  ib. ;  attempts  to  crush  out,  c ; 
journals  devoted  to,  2  c ;  Shuvaloff’s  check 
to,  XV.  879,  1  b. 

Nihilists,  proclamations  of,  I.  820,  1  a,  b,  c. 
Nikonoff,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  1  b. 

Nitrates,  IV.  813,  2  be,  816,  1  b. 

Nobile,  Signor,  Italian  astronomer,  XV.  894, 
1  a. 

Nordenskjold,  Adolf  Eric  [nor'-den-shold], 
Swedish  explorer,  I.  833,  2  c. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Norristown ,  Pa.,  XIII.  2  b. 

North  Carolina,  XII.  839.  Population,  prod¬ 
ucts,  and  schools,  1  b ;  finances,  c ;  railroad, 
840,  1  a ;  schools  and  churches,  c  ;  charities 
and  correction,  2  a ;  railroads,  b ;  fisheries, 
banks,  and  cotton,  c;  factories  and  chief 


places,  841,  1  a;  forests  in,  VII.  850,  2  c; 
turpentine  interest,  851,  1  c,  851,  2  c. 
Norton ,  Andrews ,  XIV.  889,  1  b. 

Norwalk,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Norwich,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Nusbaumer  [noos-bow-iner],  color-hearer,  V. 
806,  1  a. 

Nyssa ,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 


Oak ,  tree.  Red  oak,  VII.  850, 2  b ;  burr  oak,  ib., 
851,  1  b;  live  oak,  c  ;  water  oak,  2  c;  other 
oaks,  ib.,  852,  1  a ;  California  oaks,  853,  1  c, 
854,  1  b. 

Oakes,  John  Wright,  English  painter,  XII. 
841. 

Oakland,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Obelisk,  four-sided  pyramid,  XII.  841 ;  theories 
concerning,  1  c  ;  shape  of,  2  a  ;  construction 
of,  b ;  at  Rome,  842,  1  b ;  on  their  ancient 
sites,  2  b ;  Cleopatra’s  needles,  2  be  ;  on  the 
way  to  England,  c  ;  at  New  York,  843,  844, 

1  a  (ill.). 

Obermeier ,  Dr.  [o'-ber-mire],  his  discoveries  of 
spirilla,  VII.  862,  2  a. 

Observatory,  XII.  844.  At  Washington,  U. 
S.  A.,  1  b ;  Allegheny  and  Harvard  college, 
c  ;  at  Chicago,  Hamilton  college,  Ann  Arbor, 
Glasgow  (Mo.),  and  Cincinnati,  2a;  at  Madi¬ 
son  (Wis.),  Albany,  and  Mount  Hamilton,  b ; 
of  Great  Britain,  c ;  at  Dublin,  Edinburgh, 
Glasgow,  and  Kew,  845,  1  b;  at  Liverpool, 
Rugby  and  Stonyhurst,  and  private,  c;  at 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Melbourne,  2  b ;  of 
Germany,  c ;  of  Austria,  846,  la;  of  Hun¬ 
gary,  of  Leyden,  Brussels,  and  Pulkova,  b ; 
at  Moscow,  Stockholm,  Upsal,  Copenhagen, 
and  Paris,  c;  in  France  and  Palermo,  2  a; 
of  Italy,  Spain,  and  Argentine  Republic,  b. 
O'  Conor,  Charles ,  American  lawyer,  VI.  814, 

1  b. 

Odysseus  [o-disr-suce],  Greek  leader,  XV.  922, 

2  be. 

(Edipus  [ed'-e-pus],  XIV.  877,  1  c. 

Ogden,  Utah,  XVI.  845,  1  c. 

Ogdensburg ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

6  Gy  alia  observatory ,  Hungary,  XII.  846,  1  b; 
XV.  915,  1  c. 

Omo,  XII.  846.  Population,  resources,  and 
debt,  2  c  ;  financial  condition  of,  847 ;  banks, 
2  b ;  canals,  c  ;  railroads,  848,  1  a  ;  schools, 
c ;  agricultural  reports,  2  a ;  charities,  cor¬ 
rection,  and  national  guard,  b ;  chief  places, 
be. 


840 


OHIO  RIYER 


PALAIRET 


Ohio  river,  plan  to  improve,  YI.  804,  2  a. 
Okecho'bee ,  Lake ,  Fla.,  YII.  846,  1  c. 

O'Leary,  Daniel,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  1  a,  2 
a,  c,  860,  1  a. 

Oleomargarine,  imitation  of  butter,  XII.  848 ; 
invention  of,  2  c ;  process  of  making,  849,  1 
a,  849,  850  (ills.)  ;  export  of,  850,  2  b ;  churn¬ 
ing  of,  c ;  Mott’s  process,  851,  1  a ;  Har¬ 
ding’s  process,  c  ;  manufacturing  Oo.  in  New 
York,  2  a ;  profit  in,  b ;  other  factories,  852, 
1  a ;  analysis  of,  b ;  appearance  under  micro¬ 
scope,  c. 

Ollivant,  Alfred,  English  prelate,  XII.  852. 
Olympia ,  Greece,  I.  822,  2  c,  823,  1. 

Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  XYI.  851, 
1  b. 

Omaha,  Neb.  [o'-ma-haw],  XII.  826,  2  be. 
O’Neil,  Henry,  British  painter,  XII.  852. 

Oom,  Capt.,  director  of  the  Lisbon  observatory, 
XII.  846,  2  b ;  XY.  914,  1  b. 

Orange,  N.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Orchardson,  William  Quiller,  British  artist, 
XII.  853. 

Or'egon,  XII.  853.  Population,  resources,  and 
schools,  1  b;  exports  and  assessed  values,  c; 
finances,  2  a;  charities  and  correction,  b ; 
schools  and  principal  places,  c;  forests  in, 
YII.  852,  1  b,  2  a,  b,  c,  853,  1  a,  2  a,  b. 
Ori'on,  nebulae  of,  XII.  827,  1  b ;  XY.  893,  2  c, 
913,  2  a. 

Oris'kany,  battle  of,  YIII.  841,  2  a. 
O’Shaughnessy,  Arthur  William  Edgar,  Eng¬ 
lish  poet,  XII.  854. 

O’Shaughnessy,  Eleanor,  wife  of  the  preced¬ 
ing,  1  a. 

Oshkosh,  Wis.,  XYI.  856,  2  c. 

Osman  Pasha,  in  the  Russo-Turkish  war,  XIY. 
892,  2  b,  c,  893,  1  a,  b. 

Osortasen  /.,  king  of  Egypt,  obelisk  of,  XII. 
841,  1  c. 

Ostrich,  XII.  854;  farming  of,  1  a;  rapid  in¬ 
crease  of,  c;  in  Australia,  2  a;  in  South 
America,  ab;  in  California,  b;  import  of 
feathers,  be ;  value  of,  c ;  plumes  in  the  wing 
of,  855,  1  a;  clipping  of,  b;  export  of  wild 
feathers,  c ;  relative  values  of  the  feathers  of, 

1  a;  life  of,  c;  food  of,  856,  1  a;  gambols  of, 
b;  pairing  of,  c;  kick  of,  2  a;  heart  and 
brain  of,  c;  sight  and  hearing  of,  857,  1  a; 
hatching,  b ;  exploded  theories  about,  2  a. 
Oswe'go,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Oudinot,  Achille  Francois  [oo-de-no],  French 
artist,  XII.  857. 

Ouray,  chief  of  the  Utes,  Y.  805,  2  b. 


Overcomers,  a  new  sect  of  Christian  believers, 
XII.  857 ;  belief  of,  858,  2  a. 

Owen,  David  Dale,  geologist,  Y.  826,  1  c ;  XI. 
885,  2  c. 

Oxford,  English  observatory  at,  XII.  845,  1  a; 

XY.  894,  2  c,  914,  1  c,  915,  1  b. 

Oysters ,  production  in  United  States,  IY.  812, 
2  a ;  of  Maryland,  XI.  878,  1  c ;  canning  of, 
2  c ;  dredging  for  in  the  Potomac,  879,  1  b, 
2  a;  of  New  Jersey,  XII.  831,  2  c. 


Padu'cah,  Ky.,  IX.  870,  1  a. 

Paintings.  Of  Bernhardt,  II.  809,  1  c ;  of  Cal¬ 
deron,  III.  806,  2  a,  b ;  of  Cole,  Y.  801,  1  b ; 
of  Corot,  816,  2  a;  of  Daubigny,  825,  1  a; 
of  Defregger,  827,  lb;  of  De  Haas,  b,  c ;  of 
Detaille,  YI.  801,  1  b;  of  Diaz,  c;  of  Dupre, 
802,  1  c;  of  Faed,  YII.  839,  1  b,  c;  of  For¬ 
tuny,  854,  2  a,  2  b ;  of  Gale,  YII.  856 ;  by 
Gay,  857,  2  c;  of  Gill,  865,  2  b;  of  Glaize, 
c;  of  Gleyre,  YIII.  833,  1  b;  of  Guy,  838, 
lb;  of  Hall,  2b;  of  Hamilton,  be ;  of 
Hennessy,  841,  lb;  of  Herkimer,  2  c;  of 
Hicks,  842,  1  ab ;  of  Hill,  2  a ;  of  Holl,  843, 

1  c;  of  Homer,  2  b  ;  of  Hook,  c;  of  Jacque, 
IX.  854,  1  c;  of  Johnson,  867,  2  a;  of  La 
Farge,  X.  856,  la;  of  Legros,  860,  1  b ;  in 
Lenox  library,  2  c ;  of  Me  Whirter,  869,  2  a ; 
of  Makart,  XI.  876,  1  a;  of  Marks,  877,  2  c; 
of  Mason,  879,  2  b;  of  Mayer,  885  2  b;  of 
Morris,  899,  2  a;  of  Neal,  XII.  825,  2  c;  of 
Neuville,  828,  2  b;  of  Newton,  832,  2  c;  of 
Oakes,  841,  1  b ;  of  O’Neil,  852,  2  c  ;  of  Or¬ 
chardson,  853,  1  a;  of  Oudinot,  857,  2  c;  of 
Palmer,  XIII.  855,  lb;  of  Pettie,  861,  2  c; 
of  Phillip,  862,  1  a;  of  Poynter,  866,  1  a;  of 
Prinsep,  866,  2  a ;  of  Protais,  XIY.  877,  1  b  ; 
of  Puvis  de  Chevannes,  c ;  of  Quartley,  883, 

2  b  ;  of  Regnault,  886,  2  c ;  of  Reinhart,  887, 

1  a;  of  Riviere,  889,  2  b;  of  Sant,  895,  1  c; 
of  Scharf,  2b;  of  Schirmer,  ib. ;  of  Scott, 
896,  1  a;  of  Shattuck,  897,  1  b;  of  Shirlaw, 
2b;  of  Smart,  XY.  890,  2  c;  of  Smillie,  891, 

1  b,  c ;  of  Hopkinson  Smith,  2  a ;  of  Sonn- 
tag,  b;  of  Stevens,  900,  2  b;  of  Stone,  c;  of 
Storey,  901,  1  a;  of  Tatkeleff,  909,  1  c;  of 
A.  W.  Thompson,  920,  lb;  of  C.  G.  Thomp¬ 
son,  2  a ;  of  Jerome  Thompson,  ib. ;  of  Tide- 
mand,  921,  2  a;  of  Tiffany,  ib. ;  of  Millais, 
922,  2  be;  of  Yibert,  XYI.  849,  1  a;  of  Weir, 
852,  1  b ;  of  Whistler,  854,  2  c ;  of  Whitt- 
red  ge,  ib. 

Palairet,  II.  II.,  English  archer,  I.  824,  1  b; 


PALERMO 


PICKERING 


841 


member  of  the  Toxophilito  society,  825, 1  c; 
his  bow,  830,  2  a. 

Palermo  observatory  [p&-lair'-mo],  XII.  846, 

2  a;  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Palgrave ,  William  Gifford  [pawl-grave],  Eng¬ 
lish  traveller,  II.  816,  2  a. 

Palisa ,  Dr.,  director  of  the  Pola  observatory, 
XII.  846,  1  ab. 

Palm,  Baron  de  [p&m],  diplomatist,  V.  817, 

1  b,  2  a. 

Palm,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  b,  854,  1  be. 

Palmek,  Samuel,  English  artist,  XIII.  855. 
Panama  [pan-a-ma],  proposed  ship  railway 
across,  VI.  804,  2  b:  see  Isthmus  Canal, 
IX.  848. 

Panchot ,  Peter  J.,  pedestrian,  XIII.  858,  2  c. 
Panslav'ism,  a  political  movement,  XIII.  855 ; 
its  aims,  1  b ;  in  Austria,  c  ;  in  Russia,  2  b ; 
in  Poland,  856, 1  a;  congress  at  Moscow,  b ; 
its  influence  on  the  eastern  question,  c;  in 
Bulgaria,  2  b. 

Papal  infallibility,  German  feeling  against, 
VII.  839,  2  c,  840,  1  a. 

Papua,  New  Guinea  [pa-poo'-a],  V.  822,  1  c. 
Paraf  introduces  oleomargarine  in  the  United 
States,  XII.  850,  2  c. 

Parallax  of  tlie  sun,  XV.  905,  2  ab ;  XVI.  845, 

2  c,  846,  2  c. 

Parasites ,  on  the  army  worm,  I.  838,  2  c ;  on 
man,  XV.  881,  1  a. 

Parasitic  affections  of  the  shin,  XV.  880,  1  a, 
2  b,  881,  1  a. 

Paris,  France,  obelisk  at,  XII.  842,  2  b ;  ob¬ 
servatory  at,  846, 1  c ;  XV.  914,  1  c. 

Parher,  Theodore ,  American  clergyman,  XIV. 
889,  1  a. 

Parhersburg,  TV.  Va.,  XVI.  854,  2  a. 

Parry,  inventor,  XV.  899,  2  a. 

Pasini,  Albert,  French  painter,  XV.  920,  1  b. 
Pasteur,  Louis  [pas-tur],  French  chemist,  VII. 
861,  1  a.  Discovery  of  microphytes  in  malig¬ 
nant  pustule  and  puerperal  fever,  864,  1  a. 
Paterson,  N.  J.,  XII.  832,  1  a. 

Patience,  games  of,  XIV.  882,  2  c. 

Pavloff,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 
Pavlovitch,  Peho,  insurrectionist,  XIV.  891, 
1  a. 

Pawtuchet,  R.  I.,  XIV.  888,  2  a. 

Payne,  Henry  B.,  American  statesman,  VI.  814, 
1  a,  815,  1  b. 

Peabody  institute,  Baltimore,  Md.,  IX.  865, 1  a. 
Peanuts,  XVI.  850,  1  c. 

Pearson,  Col.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860, 1  a,  c, 
861,  1  a. 


Pedestrianism,  XIII.  856;  antiquity  of,  2  c; 
running  footmen,  857,  lb;  in  England,  c ; 
Mensen,  Ernst,  2  b;  Weston,  c;  O’Leary, 
858,  1  a;  challenge  belt,  b;  “go-as-you- 
please  ”  race,  c ;  at  Gilmore’s  garden,  2  a ; 
records  of,  859,  1  a;  course  for  races,  b; 
costume,  2  a ;  trainers  and  diet,  b ;  training, 
c ;  man  against  horses,  ib. ;  of  armies,  860, 

1  b. 

Pedgery,  XIII.  862,  1  c. 

Pendergast,  historian,  XIV.  890,  2  b. 

Pendleton,  George  H,  candidate  for  governor 
of  Ohio,  VIII.  840,  1  ab. 

Pennel,  Henry  Cholmondely,  English  author, 
XIII.  860. 

Pennsylvania,  XIII.  860.  Population,  1  be. 
Resources  and  debt,  c.  Taxes,  2  a.  Schools, 
c.  Penitentiaries,  861,  1  b.  Hospitals  and 
life  insurance,  c.  Geological  survey,  2  a. 
Chief  places,  ab.  Forests  in,  VII.  850,  2  c. 
Pensacola,  Fla.,  VII.  846,  2  b,  847,  1  a. 
Penshurst  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 

Peoria,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Perry,  Stephen  Joseph,  English  astronomer, 
XIII.  861 ;  XII.  845,  1  c. 

Peru  [pa-roo'J :  see  Chili,  Peru,  and  Bolivia, 
war  between. 

Peter  /.,  the  Great,  emperor  of  Russia,  Schuy¬ 
ler’s  Life  of,  XIV.  896,  1  a. 

Peters,  C.  H.  T.,  director  of  the  Litchfield  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  844,  2  a;  XV.  896,  2  b,  914, 

1  b.  Transit  of  Venus,  XVI.  846,  2  c. 
Petersburg ,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Pettie,  John,  British  painter,  XIII.  861. 
Pharaoh  [fa'-ro],  king  of  Egypt,  discoveries 
relating  to,  I.  822,  1  b. 

Pliayre,  Gen.,  at  the  siege  of  Candahar,  I.  812, 
1  a. 

Phelps.  His  telephone,  XV.  910,  2  c  (ill.),  911, 

1  c. 

Phid'ias.  His  statue  of  Jupiter,  XIV.  896,  2  c. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  oleomargarine  factory  at, 
XII.  852,  1  a ;  population  of,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 
Phillip,  John,  British  painter,  XIII.  861. 

Phiz ,  pen-name :  see  Browne,  Hablot  Knight. 
Phonograph,  VI.  807,  2  b. 

Phonometer ,  instrument  for  measuring  the 
force  of  sound,  VI.  807,  2  a. 

Phosphate  deposits ,  of  South  Carolina,  XV. 
892,  2  b,  893,  1  ab. 

Photophone,  XIII.  862 ;  XIV.  883,  2  b,  884, 

2  c,  885,  1  c. 

Pickering,  Prof.  E.  C.  His  new  method  of 
searching  for  nebulae,  XII.  827,  2  b;  direct- 


842 


PICKERING 


PROTAIS 


or  of  Harvard  college  observatory,  844, 1  c ; 
XIII.  864,  1  b.  On  variable  stars,  XV.  895, 

1  c,  2  a,  914,  1  b. 

Pickering ,  IF.  H.,  on  moonlight,  XI,  898, 1  b. 
Pictet ,  Raoul  [peek-ta],  Swiss  chemist,  lique¬ 
fies  the  “  permanent  ”  gases,  X.  862,  2  a. 
Pierola ,  Nicholas  de ,  dictator  of  Peru,  IY.  814, 

2  b ;  makes  a  call  to  defend  Lima,  815,  1  b, 
2  a,  b. 

Pierson ,  William  H.,  American  inventor,  IY. 
801,  2  b,  802,  1  a. 

Pifre ,  Abel  [peefr],  French  engineer.  His  solar 
engine,  VI.  835,  1  c. 

Piloty ,  Karl  Theodor  von  [pe-lo-te],  German 
painter,  Y.  827, 1  a ;  XI.  876, 1  a ;  XII.  825,  2  c. 
Pimples ,  skin  disease,  XY.  882,  1  a. 

Pine,  tree,  VII.  850,  1  c,  2  b,  c,  851,  1  a, 

852,  2  a.  Yellow  pine,  c.  Twisted  pine, 

853,  1  a.  Sugar  pine,  2  a,  c,  854,  1  b. 

Pisa,  leaning  tower  of,  XIY.  897,  1  a. 

Pistor,  telescope  maker,  XY.  915,  1  ab. 
Pitman ,  B?nn,  phonographer,  Y.  817,  2  a. 

Jane,  wife  of  the  above,  cremated  at  Wash¬ 
ington,  Pa.,  ib. 

Pittsburgh ,  Pa.,  oleomargarine  factory  at,  XII. 
852,  1  a;  population  of,  XIII.  861,  2  ab ; 
observatorv  near,  XY.  914,  1  c. 

Pituki,  a  sedative,  XIII.  862. 

Pitury :  see  Pituei. 

Pius  VI.,  pope,  XII.  842,  2  a. 

Pius  VII.,  pope,  XII,  842,  2  a. 

Pius  IX.,  pope  of  Rome,  VII.  840,  1  b;  X. 
861,  1  b. 

Planets,  relations  of,  XIII.  862.  Their  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  sun,  2  be.  Brightness  of,  c. 
Comparative  sizes  (ills.),  863,  1  a.  Sup¬ 
posed  intra-mercurial  planet,  c.  Satellites 
of  Mars,  864, 1  a.  Red  spot  of  Jupiter  (ills.), 
2  b.  Rotation  of  Saturn,  865,  1  be. 

Plante,  Gaston  [plang-ta],  French  electrician, 
YI.  815,  2  b. 

Plattsmouth,  Neb.,  XII.  826,  2  be. 

Pleurisy,  relieved  by  jaborandi,  IX.  854,  1  a. 
Plevna,  Russian  defeat  at,  XIY.  892,  2  c; 
siege  of,  893,  1  a. 

Plin'y,  on  stone  quarrying,  XII.  841,  2  c.  His 
description  of  a  ship,  842,  1  c. 

Pneumatic  cars,  YI.  829,  2  a. 

Poe,  Edgar  Allen,  American  poet.  Translated 
by  Baudelaire,  II.  806,  1  b,  c. 

Pogod'in,  Russian  Panslavist,  XIII.  856,  2  a. 
Pogrumnaia,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 
Pogson,  of  the  Madras  observatory,  XY.  915, 
1  a,  c. 


Poitevin  [pwat-vang].  His  discoveries  in  pho¬ 
tography,  VIII.  840,  2  ab. 

Pola  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  ab. 

Polk,  Mrs.  James  K.,  Tennessee’s  preferred 
creditor,  XY.  916,  2  c. 

Polo,  a  game  on  horseback,  XIII.  865.  Intro¬ 
duced  in  England  and  the  United  States,  1  c. 
Match  games,  2  a.  Object  of  game,  ib. 
Westchester  Club  rules,  b. 

Ponsard  [pong-sar].  His  steel  process,  XV.  900, 
1  b. 

Pope,  John,  American  soldier,  XY.  902,  2  c. 
Porcupine  men,  XY.  887,  1  c. 

Port  Jervis ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Portland,  Me.,  XI.  875,  1  c. 

Portland,  Oregon,  XII.  853,  2  c. 

Portsmouth ,  N.  H.,  XII.  830,  1  a. 

Portsmouth,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Portsmouth,  Va.,  XYI.  850,  2  a. 

Port  Townsend,  Washington  territory,  XYI. 
851,  1  b. 

Positivist  school,  VIII.  839,  2  a. 

Potsdam  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  a;  XY.  914, 
1  c,  915,  1  b. 

Pottsville,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  b. 

Poughkeepsie ,  N.  Y.  [po-kip'-se],  XII.  835,  1  b. 
Powell,  Foster,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  1  be. 
Powell,  Morgan,  superintendent  of  Lehigh  and 
Wilkesbarre  Coal  Company,  XI.  896,  2  a,  c. 
Poynter,  Edward  John,  English  painter,  XIII. 
866. 

Prado,  president  of  Peru,  IY.  814,  2  b. 

Pratt,  Gapt.  Arthur ,  Chilian  naval  officer,  IY. 
814,  1  b. 

Preece,  IF.  H.,  English  natural  philosopher, 
XIY.  883,  2  c. 

Prescott ,  capital  of  Arizona,  I.  834,  2  c,  835, 
1  c. 

Pribiloff  islands,  I.  819,  1  a,  2  b. 

Price,  Bonamy,  English  political  economist, 
XIII.  866. 

Primrose,  Gen.,  at  the  siege  of  Candahar,  I. 
812,  1  a. 

Prinsep,  Valentine  C.,  English  painter,  XIII. 

866. 

Pritchard,  C.,  director  of  the  Savilian  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  1  a  ;  XV.  914,  1  a,  c. 
Pritchett,  H.  S.,  director  of  the  Glasgow  (Mo.) 
observatory,  XII.  844,  2  a ;  XIII.  865,  1  a ; 
XV.  914,  1  c. 

Proctor,  Richard  Anthony,  English  astronomer, 
XII.  826,  2  c. 

Protais,  Paul  Alexandre  [pro-ta],  French  paint¬ 
er,  XIY.  877. 


FROUT 


REVOLUTIONARY  ALLIANCE  843 


Prout,  William ,  Scotch  physician,  describes  a 
dry  fog,  V.  823,  2  a. 

Providence ,  R.  I.,  oleomargarine  factory  at,  XII. 
852,  1  a;  population,  XIV.  888,  2  a;  ob¬ 
servatory  at,  XV.  915,  1  b. 

Prurigo ,  skin  disease,  XV.  885,  1  c. 

Pruritus,  or  itching,  skin  disease,  XV.  882, 
2  c. 

Puckler-Muskau ,  Hermann  Ludwig  Heinrich 
von,  prince  [piik'-ler-moos'-kow],  German 
author,  XIII.  857,  2  be. 

PuTkova  observatory  [pool-ko-va],  XII.  846, 1  b ; 
XV.  914,  1  b,  915,  1  b. 

Pulleine,  Lieut.- Col.,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860, 
2  b. 

Punjaul)'  University ,  X.  860,  1  c. 

Pur'pura,  or  the  “purples,”  XV.  886, 1  b. 

Putiatin,  Russian  admiral,  minister  of  instruc¬ 
tion,  XII.  835,  2  a. 

Puvis  de  Chevannes,  Pierre,  French  painter, 
XIV.  877. 

Puzzles,  XIV.  877 ;  antiquity  of,  1  c ;  magic 
squares,  878,  1  a;  odd-numbered  squares,  c; 
even-numbered  squares,  879,  1  b;  conun¬ 
drums,  and  the  ring  puzzle,  880,  2  b  (ill.) ; 
oblong  ring,  c  (ill.),  881,  1  a;  Love's  puzzle 
(ill.),  2  b ;  scissors  and  cord  (ill.),  c ;  heart 
and  ball  (ill.),  882,  1  a  ;  card  puzzle  (ills.),  b ; 
Japanese  puzzle  and  solitaire  (ill.),  2  a;  pa¬ 
tience,  buried  cities,  rebus,  and  enigma,  c ; 
fifteen  or  gem  puzzle,  883,  1  a  (ill.). 

Pyaemia,  VII.  863,  2  c. 

Pyroxyline  (gun-cotton)  [pir-ox'-e-lm],  IV. 
802,  2  a. 


Quartley,  Arthur,  American  painter,  XIV. 
883. 

Quebec  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 

Quincy ,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 


Rabillon,  Prof.  [ra-be-yong],  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University.  His  lectures,  IX.  865,  2  c. 
Racine,  Wis.,  XVI.  856,  2  c. 

Radclijfe  observatory,  at  Oxford,  England,  XII. 

845,  1  a;  XV.  894,  2  c,  915,  1  b. 

RadetzJcy,  Gen.,  Russian  soldier,  XIV.  892,  2  c, 
893,  2  b. 

Radiophone,  XIV.  884,  2  c. 

Radiophony,  XIV.  883  (ills.),  884, 1 ;  the  spec¬ 
troscope,  2  ab  (ill.),  885,  1  ;  definition,  c. 
Rain,  storms  of  colored,  V.  824,  1  b. 

Raleigh,  N.  C.  [raw'-le],  XII.  841, 1  a. 


Ralston,  William  Ralston  Shedden,  English 
author,  XIV.  885. 

Ram'eses  II.,  king  of  Egypt,  XII.  842,  2  b. 
Randall,  Samuel  Jpukson,  American  states¬ 
man,  XIV.  885. 

Ranyard,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XV.  907,  1  a. 
Raphall,  Morris  Jacob,  rabbi,  XIV.  885. 
Rapieff,  French  electrician.  His  electric  lamp 
(ill.),  VI.  821,  1. 

Rassam',  Hormuzd,  British  archaeologist,  XIV. 
886  ;  I.  822,  1  b. 

Rat,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 
Raymond,  Capt.,  U.  S.  engineer  corps,  XVI. 
846,  2  c. 

Raymond,  John  T.,  American  actor,  XIV.  886. 
Rea,  A.  W.  [ray],  superintendent  of  colliery, 
killed  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI.  896,  2  a,  b,  c. 
Reading,  Pa.  [red'-ing],  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Rebus,  XIV.  882,  2  c. 

Reclus,  French  naval  officer.  Makes  examina¬ 
tions  for  an  isthmus  canal,  IX.  849,  1  b,  2  a, 
b,  c,  851,  1  a,  c,  2  b,  852,  2  c. 

Red  mangrove,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  ab. 

Redoubt,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b. 

Red-wood,  tree,  VII.  853,  2  b. 

Reed,  T.  G.,  English  composer,  VII.  865,  1  b. 
Reese,  Jacob,  American  inventor,  VII.  856, 

1  a. 

Regnault,  Alexandre  Georges  Henri  [ruh-no], 
French  painter,  XIV.  886. 

Reid,  Dr.  His  steam-heating  apparatus,  XV. 
897,  2  be. 

Reinhart,  Benjamin  Franklin,  American 
painter,  XIV.  886. 

Reinhart,  Charles  S.,  American  artist,  XIV. 
887. 

ReinTcens,  Bishop ,  VII.  841,  1  a. 

Reiss,  Philip  [rice],  German  electrician,  XV. 
909,  2  b.  His  telephone,  912,  2  a  (ills.),  1  c, 

2  c. 

Reiswitz ,  baron  von  [fon-rice-vitz],  Prussian 
soldier,  X.  853,  2  c. 

Remsen,  Prof,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Univer¬ 
sity,  IX.  865,  2  c. 

Repousse:  [ruh-poos-sa],  a  process  of  working 
in  metals,  XIV.  887  (ill.)* 

Repsold,  telescope  maker,  XV.  915,  1  b,  c. 
Reptiles,  spawn  of,  conveyed  by  storms,  V. 
824,  2  a. 

Reuter,  Baron  Paul  Julius  [roi'-ter],  founder 
of  the  “Reuter  Telegraphic  Agency,”  XIV. 
887. 

Revolutionary  alliance,  international  Euro¬ 
pean,  XII.  836,  1  c. 


844 


REYNIER 


RUSSO-TURKISH  WAR 


Eeynier ,  Emile  [ra-ne-a-].  His  electric  lamp, 
YI.  822,  1  b  (ill.) ;  his  new  lamp,  2  b,  c 
(ill.). 

Reynolds,  Sir  Joshua  [ren'-ulz],  English  paint¬ 
er,  X.  860,  2  c. 

Rhamnus  Purshiana,  a  shrub,  XI Y.  888. 

Rheumatism,  relief  for,  XIV.  895,  lb.  % 

Rhinoscleroma,  XV.  889,  2  c. 

Rhode  Island,  XIV.  888.  Population  and 
agricultural  productions,  1  a;  finances,  banks, 
and  schools,  b ;  charities  and  correction,  c ; 
railways  and  chief  places,  2  a. 

Rhodes,  colossus  at,  XI Y.  896,  2  c. 

Rice  crop  of  United  States,  IY.  809,  1  a. 

Richards,  E.  Windsor,  XV.  900,  1  b. 

Richards,  Miss,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857,  1  c. 

Richmond,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Richmond,  Va.,  XYI.  850,  2  a. 

Rieger,  at  the  Panslavic  Congress,  XIII.  856, 
1  be. 

Riley,  Charles  Valentine ,  American  entomolo¬ 
gist,  I.  887,  2  b. 

Ringworm,  cure  for,  VIII.  834,  2  c;  skiu  dis¬ 
ease,  XV.  881,  1  a,  2  a,  888,  1  b. 

Ripley,  George,  American  scholar,  XIY.  889. 

Riviere,  Briton,  English  painter,  XIY.  889. 

Roberts ,  Capt. :  see  Hobart  Pasha,  YIII.  843, 

1  a. 

Roberts,  Sir  Frederick,  English  general.  In 
Afghanistan,  I.  810,  2  a,  b ;  fortress  of  Ma- 
toon  surrenders  to,  811, 1  a ;  occupies  Cabool, 

2  b,  c;  brilliant  success  at  Candahar,  812,  1 
a,  b,  2  a. 

Robertson,  T.  W.,  English  dramatic  author, 
VII.  865,  1  a. 

Robertson ,  William  H.,  V.  810, 1  c.  His  nomi¬ 
nation  for  collector  of  the  port  of  New 
York,  VII.  856,  2  c. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b ;  observations 
at,  XY.  908,  1  b,  c,  914,  1  b,  915,  1  c. 

Rockford,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Rock  Island,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Rockwell,  American  physician,  II.  807,  1  b,  c. 

Rockwood ,  Prof,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XY.  906, 
2  c. 

Rodgers,  John ,  American  naval  officer.  At 
Corea,  Y.  815,  2b;  superintendent  of  naval 
observatory,  XII.  844,  1  b. 

Rodman,  W.  B.,  American  statesman,  XY.  922, 

1  be. 

Roe,  Edward  Payson,  American  author,  XIY. 
889. 

Roe'bling,  John  A.,  American  engineer,  YI. 
804,  2  c. 


Roe'bling,  Washington  A.,  American  engineer, 
YI,  804,  2  c,  806,  1  b,  2  a. 

Rogers,  J.  A.,  of  the  naval  observatory,  XY. 
907,  1  b. 

Roitenstein ,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  1  b. 

Rome,  Italy,  obelisks  at,  XII.  842,  1  b ;  obser¬ 
vatory  at,  846,  2  b ;  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Rome,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b ;  coliseum  at,  XIV. 
897,  1  a. 

Rontgen ,  W.  E,  on  light,  XIY.  883,  2  c. 

Roon,  Albrecht  Theodor  Emil,  count  von, 
German  soldier  and  statesman,  XIY.  890, 

1  a. 

Roqueplan,  Joseph  Etienne  Camille  [ruk-plang], 
French  painter,  XY.  900,  2  b. 

Rosetti,  on  solar  temperature,  XY.  906,  2  a. 
Ross,  telescope  maker,  XY.  915,  1  c. 
Ross-Churoh,  Florence  Marryat,  English  au¬ 
thoress,  XIY.  890. 

Rosse ,  William  Parsons,  earl  of,  astronomer, 
on  the  heat  of  the  moon,  XI.  898,  1  be,  2  a ; 
his  observatory  at  Parsonstown,  XII.  845, 

2  ab  ;  XY.  914,  1  a. 

Rossetti,  William  Michael,  English  author, 
XIY.  890. 

Round  island,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands,  XY. 
921,  1  a. 

Rousseau,  Theodore  [roo-so],  French  painter, 
Y.  816,  2  a. 

Rowell,  Charles,  athlete,  XIII.  858,  1  c,  2  a,  b, 
c,  859,  1  b. 

Rowland,  Dr.,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
IX.  866,  2  a.  Solar  photographs,  XY.  905, 
1  a. 

Rowlands,  Colonel,  British  soldier,  XYI.  860, 

1  b. 

Rugby,  Tennessee,  Hughes’s  colony  at,  XY. 
918,  1  a. 

Rugby  observatory,  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Rumker,  G.,  director  of  the  Hamburg  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  2  c. 

Ruskin ,  John ,  English  author,  XIII.  855,  1  b ; 

on  Whistler,  XYI.  854,  2  b. 

Russel,  Sir  Baker,  English  soldier,  YI.  812, 

2  c. 

Russell ,  of  the  Sydney  observatory,  XY.  915, 
1  b. 

Russell,  Charles  William,  Irish  historian,  XIY. 
890. 

Russia.  Its  attitude  toward  Bulgaria,  III. 
804,  1. 

Russo-Turkish  War,  XIY.  890 ;  cause  of,  2  c ; 
promises  of  the  sultan,  891,  1  a;  proposals 
of  the  insurrectionists,  b ;  demands  of  the 


RUSTCHUK 


SCHIRMIR 


845 


great  powers,  c ;  Great  Britain’s  course,  c, 

2  a ;  Servia  and  Montenegro  declare  war 
against  Turkey,  b  ;  suspension  of  hostilities, 
c ;  conference  at  Constantinople,  892,  1  a ; 
protocol  signed  at  London,  b ;  rejected  by 
the  porte,  c;  Russia  declares  war  against 
Turkey,  ib. ;  Russians  on  the  Danube,  2  a ; 
their  successes,  b;  and  defeats,  c;  siege  of 
Plevna,  893,  1  a;  three  armies  invade  Tur¬ 
key,  c;  Alexander  concludes  an  armistice, 
2  b ;  provisions  of  the  treaty,  c ;  European 
dissatisfaction  with  the  San  Stefano  treaty, 
894,  la;  its  modifications,  b. 

Rustchuk ,  Bulgaria  [roos-chook'J,  III.  803, 1  a. 

Rutherfurd,  Lewis  Morris  [ru^A'-er'-furd], 
American  inventor,  XIY.  894 ;  XV.  894,  2 
b.  His  solar  photographs,  905, 1  a ;  observa¬ 
tory  of,  914,  1  c. 

Rutland ,  Vt.,  XYI.  848,  2  c. 

Ryan ,  commander  U.  S.  navy,  XYI.  846,  1  c. 

Ryle,  John  Charles,  English  author,  XIY.  894. 

Sabine ,  Gen.  [sab'-in],  on  sun-spots,  XY.  904, 
1  b. 

Sacramento ,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Sadyk  Pasha ,  minister  of  finance  in  Egypt,  VI. 
809,  2  a. 

Sag'inaw ,  Mich.,  XI.  890,  2  b. 

Sahmi ,  Mahmoud,  Egyptian  soldier,  banished 
with  Arabi  Ahmed  Pasha,  I.  821,  2  a. 

Said  Pasha  [sa-eed'  pa-sha],  I.  821,  1  a. 

St.  Albans,  Vt.,  XYI.  848,  2  c. 

St.  Elias,  Mount,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  a,  b. 

Saint  Got'hard  Tunnel,  XIY.  894. 

St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.,  XYI.  848,  2  c. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  1  a,  2  b. 

Saint  Leger,  Lieut.- Col.,  British  soldier,  VIII. 
841,  1  c. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  [loo'-is],  XI.  894,  2  c,  895,  2  b; 
oleomargarine  factory  at,  XII.  852,  1  a; 
university  at,  XY.  915,  1  c. 

St.  Michaels,  Alaska,  I.  816,  1  b. 

St.  Paul,  Alaska,  I.  816,  1  b. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  XI.  894,  1  a. 

Sale,  Gen.,  I.  811,  1  a. 

Salem,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c;  popu¬ 
lation  of,  882,  1  b. 

Salem,  Oregon,  XII.  854,  1  a. 

Salicylate  of  Sodium,  XIV.  895. 

Salonica  [sa-lo-ne'-ka],  Turkey,  outrage  at, 
XIY.  891,  1  b. 

Salt ,  in  Iowa,  IX.  848,  1  a ;  in  Michigan,  XI. 
888,  2  b. 


Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  XYI.  845,  1  c. 

Samarin,  Yuri,  founder  of  Panslavism,  XIII. 
855,  2  c,  856,  1  a. 

San  Antonio,  Texas,  wool  of,  XV.  919,  1  c ; 
population,  920,  1  b. 

Sand  bars,  formation  of,  IX.  856,  1  c ;  incon¬ 
venience  of,  857,  1  b. 

Sanderson ,  Dr.  Burdon.  His  theory  of  bacteria, 
VII.  861,  2  c,  863,  1  a,  c,  864,  1  b. 

Sandusky,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

San  Francisco ,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Sanger,  Thomas,  killed  by  Molly  Maguires, 

XI.  896,  2  ab,  c. 

San  Jose  [ho-saj,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

San  Juan  river  [san-khwan],  clifi*  dwellers  on, 
IY.  818,  1  c,  2  a,  819,  1  a,  820,  1  a. 

San  Stefano  [sta'-fa-no],  treaty  of,  XIY.  893, 2  b. 
Santa  Fe,  X.  M.  [fa],  XII.  832,  2  c. 

Sant,  James,  British  artist,  XIY.  895. 

Santley,  Charles,  English  singer,  XIY.  895. 
Sarco'ma,  skin  disease,  XY.  890,  1  c. 

Sassafras,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Sassulitch,  Vera,  nihilist.  Her  crime  and  sen¬ 
tence,  XII.  837,  2  c,  838,  1  a. 

Satsuma,  Japan  [sat-soo'-ma],  Y.  815,  2  c,  816, 
1  ab. 

Saturn,  planet,  XIII.  862,  2  c  (ill.),  863  ;  rota¬ 
tion  of,  865,  1  be ;  XV.  913,  2  a. 

Saunders,  William,  founder  of  the  society  of 
Grangers,  VIII.  835,  2  a. 

Savannah,  Ga.,  VII.  860,  2  b. 

Savilian  observatory  of  Oxford  University, 

XII.  845,  1  a. 

Sayce,  Archibald  Henry,  English  philologist, 
XIY.  895. 

Scabies ,  or  itch  [ska-be-eez],  as  a  skin  disease, 
XY.  880,  1  a. 

Schadow  [sh&'-do],  German  painter,  XY.  921, 

1  c. 

Scharf,  George,  English  artist,  XIY.  895. 
Scheffer,  Henri  [shefr'J,  French  painter,  XIY. 
877,  1  b. 

Schenectady ,  X.  Y.  [ske-nek'-ta-de],  XII.  835, 
1  b. 

Schiaparelli,  director  of  the  Milan  observatory, 
XII.  846,  2  b;  XIII.  864,  2  a ;  XV.  894,  2 
a,  915,  1  ab. 

Schilder-Schuldner,  Gen.,  Russian  officer,  XIY. 
892,  2  be. 

Schiller,  Johann  Christoph  Friederich  von 
[shil'-ler],  German  poet.  Polish  translations 
of  his  plays,  XI.  896,  1  a. 

Schirmie,  Johann  Vilhelm  [sheem'-ir],  Ger¬ 
man  landscape  painter,  XIY.  895. 


846 


SCHMIDT 


SHERMAN 


Schmidt ,  of  the  Athens  observatory,  XV.  895, 
1  b,  915,  1  c. 

Schonfeld ,  Dr.  [shon'-felt],  Y.  808,  1  b ;  direct¬ 
or  of  the  Bonn  observatory,  XII.  845.  2  c ; 
XV.  895,  2  be,  896,  1  a,  915,  1  c. 

Schrader  [shra-der],  telescope  maker,  XV.  914, 
1  a. 

Schroder  [shro-der],  telescope  maker,  XV.  914, 
1  c. 

Schrbter  [shro-ter],  observatory  of,  XY.  914, 
1  a. 

Schultz ,  Hermann  [sliooltz],  director  of  the 
Upsal  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c;  XY.  915, 
1  a. 

Schuster ,  Dr.  A.  [shoos-ter],  on  the  sun’s 
eclipse,  XY.  907,  2  b. 

Schuyler,  Eugene  [skl'-ler],  American  author, 
XIY.  895.  As  secretary  of  legation  at  Con¬ 
stantinople,  891,  2  a. 

SchwatJca ,  Frederick  [shwat'-ka],  lieutenant  in 
U.  S.  cavalry,  commands  an  expedition  to 
the  Arctic  regions,  I.  834,  1  c. 

Schweinfurth ,  Georg  A.  [shwine'-foort],  Ger¬ 
man  traveller,  I.  812,  2  a. 

Scleroderma ,  or  hide-bound  skin,  XY.  887,  2  a. 

Scott,  Julian,  American  artist,  XIY.  896. 

Scott ,  Prof.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
IX.  865,  2  c. 

Scott-Siddons,  Mary  Frances,  English  actress, 
XIY.  896. 

Scranton,  Pa.,  population  of,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Scrofuloderma,  XV.  889,  2  c. 

Scurvy,  XV.  886,  1  b. 

Seagrave,  F.  H.,  of  the  Providence  observa¬ 
tory,  XY.  915,  1  b. 

Seaton,  Charles  IF.,  superintendent  of  tenth 
U.  S.  census,  IY.  805,  1  b. 

Seattle,  Washington  territory,  XYI.  851,  1  b. 

Secchi  [sek'-ke],  ex-director  of  the  Roman  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  846,  2  b;  XY.  896,  1  b. 
On  photosphere,  903,  1  c.  On  the  solar 
temperature,  906,  1  b. 

Secocoeni,  south  African  chief,  XYI.  861,  2  b. 

Secretan,  telescope  maker,  XY.  914,  1  c,  915, 
1  a. 

Sedalia,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Seely,  Charles  A.,  American  inventor,  IY.  802, 
1  a. 

Seelye,  Julius  Hawtrey,  American  educator, 
XIY.  896. 

Seguam,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 

Selenium,  used  in  the  photophone,  XIII.  862, 
1  b. 

Selfridge ,  Commander,  examines  the  routes  for 


the  Isthmus  canal,  IX.  849,  1  a;  851,  1  a; 
his  tide-level  project,  b. 

Selma,  Ala.,  I.  813,  1  b. 

Semichi,  islets  in  the  Aleutian  group,  I.  818, 
2  c. 

Semisopochnoi,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b, 
818,  2  c,  819,  1  b. 

Septicaemia,  YII.  863,  1  a. 

Serpa-Pinto,  Alexander  Albert  da  Rocha, 
Portuguese  explorer,  XIY.  896. 

Servia.  War  against  Turkey,  XIY.  891,  2  b. 
Seven  Wonders  of  the  World,  XIY.  896. 
Sewanee,  Tenn.,  university  of,  XY.  917,  1  a. 
Seymour,  Beauchamp ,  British  admiral,  bom¬ 
bards  Alexandria,  YI.  811,  2  a. 

Sforza ,  Duke  Sisto  Riario  [sfor'-tsa],  X.  861, 

1  b. 

Shaftesbury,  Lord  [shafts'-ber-e].  His  argu¬ 
ment  for  cremation,  Y.  817,  1  a. 

Shairp,  John  Campbell,  Scottish  author,  XIY. 
897. 

Shakespeare,  William,  English  dramatist.  Po¬ 
lish  translations  of  his  plays,  XI.  896,  1  a. 
Shakhovski,  Prince,  Russian  soldier,  XIV.  892, 

2  c. 

Shalmaneser  III.,  XIY.  886,  1  be. 

Shattuck,  Aaron  D.,  American  painter,  XIY. 
897. 

Shaw,  Henry  W.  (Josh  Billings),  American 
humorist,  XIY.  897. 

Shaw ,  Robert  G.,  American  soldier,  X.  861, 1  c. 
Sheboygan,  Wis.,  XYI.  856,  2  c. 

Shefket  Pasha,  “the  butcher  of  Bulgaria,” 
XIY.  893,  1  ab. 

Shelbyville  college  (U.  S.),  observatory  at,  XY. 
915,  1  b. 

Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe,  English  poet,  crema¬ 
tion  of,  Y.  818,  1  b ;  XIY.  890,  1  b ;  XY. 
922,  2  b. 

Shenandoah,  Pa.  [shen-an-do-a],  XIII.  861, 
2  b. 

Shepstone,  Sir  Theophilus,  British  representa¬ 
tive  in  Zululand,  XYI.  859,  2  a,  b. 

Shere  Ali,  Ameer.  His  hostility  to  England,  I. 
810, 1  a,  be ;  Lord  Lytton  demands  an  apolo¬ 
gy  of,  2  a ;  withdraws  to  Turkistan,  c ;  death 
of,  811,  1  b. 

Sheridan,  Philip  Henry,  American  general,  at 
Cedar  Creek,  IY.  801,  1  c. 

Sherman,  John,  contestant  for  the  presidential 
nomination  at  Chicago  in  1880,  YII.  856, 
2  b. 

Sherman,  Texas,  female  college  at,  XY.  919. 
1  a;  population,  920,  1  b. 


S HERMAN 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


847 


Sherman ,  William  T '.,  soldier,  II.  804,  1  c ;  at 
Bentonville,  808,  1  b,  c,  2  b. 

Shingles ,  skin  disease,  XV.  882,  2  b,  885,  2  a. 
SniRLAW,  Walter,  American  artist,  XIV.  897. 
Shishaldin ,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b,  819, 

1  b. 

Shreveport ,  La.,  X.  865,  2  c. 

Shvfeldt,  Commodore,  American  naval  officer, 

V.  816,  1  b;  surveys  tlie  Tehuantepec  isth¬ 
mus,  IX.  849,  1  a,  851,  1  b. 

Shumla ,  Bulgaria  [shoom'-la],  III.  808,  1  ab. 
Shuvaloff,  Count  Peter  Andreyevitch,  Rus¬ 
sian  statesman,  XV.  879 ;  chief  of  the  Rus¬ 
sian  secret  police,  XII.  836,  2  b. 

Sibley ,  Hiram,  American  citizen,  XV.  908,  2  a. 
Siddons,  Sarah,  English  actress,  XIV.  896, 1  b. 
Siemens  [ze'-mence].  His  electric  machines, 

VI.  825,  1  c,  826,  1  a,  c,  827.  His  furnace, 
XV.  899,  1  c,  2  a,  c,  900,  1  ab. 

Siemens,  Sir  William,  on  solar  temperature, 
XV.  906,  2  ab. 

Silk-worm,  its  cultivation  in  Tennessee,  XV. 
918,  1  a. 

Silo,  a  pit  for  preservation  of  ensilage,  VI.  836, 

1  a,  2  be  (ill.),  887. 

Silver,  in  Alaska,  I.  817,  1  be;  its  relative 
value  to  gold,  II.  810,  2  c ;  production  of,  in 
U.  S.  A.,  812,  2  b;  demonetization  of,  in 
Germany,  813,  1  b;  trade  and  other  dollars, 

2  a,  b;  census  returns  on,  in  1880,  IV.  812, 
1  b ;  product  in  Colorado,  V.  802,  804,  2  a ; 
in  Leadville,  X.  858,  2  c ;  in  Montana,  XI. 
892,  2  c;  in  Nevada,  XII.  829,  1  a;  in  New 
Mexico,  832,  2  b ;  of  Oregon,  853,  1  b. 

Silver  Cliff,  Colorado,  V.  805,  2  c. 

Silver-pen,  pseudonyme  for  Meteyard,  Eliza: 
which  see. 

Simart,  Pierre  Charles  [se-mar],  French  sculp¬ 
tor,  XV.  879. 

Simmons,  Franklin,  American  sculptor,  XV. 
879. 

Simms,  telescope  maker,  XV.  914,  1  c,  915, 
1  c. 

Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.,  prison  at,  XII.  834,  2  c. 
Sippara :  see  Abbu  Hubba. 

Sirayo,  Zulu  chief,  XVI.  860,  1  a. 

Sitka,  Alaska,  I.  813,  2  b;  vegetable  produc¬ 
tions,  814,  2  c,  815, 1  a;  position  of,  816, 1  b, 
817,  1  be ;  visited  by  Spaniards,  818, 1  a,  c. 
Sitkin,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 
Sixtus  V.,  pope,  restores  the  obelisks,  XII. 
842,  1  b. 

Sketchley,  Dr.,  ostrich  farm  of,  XII.  854,  2  b. 
Skin,  diseases  of  the,  XV.  880 ;  definition  of, 


1  a ;  classification,  c ;  vegetable  parasitic 
affections,  881,  1  a;  animal  parasitic  affec¬ 
tions,  2  b ;  glandular  affections,  pimples,  882, 

1  a ;  sweat,  2  a ;  neurotic  affections,  shin¬ 
gles,  2  b ;  itching,  c ;  syphilis,  883,  lb;  ec¬ 
zema,  884, 1  c ;  lichen,  885, 1  b  ;  prurigo,  c ; 
herpes  and  pemphigus,  2  a;  pus-producing 
affections,  b ;  purpura,  886,  1  b ;  bloody 
sweat,  2  a;  freckles  and  moth,  b  ;  noevus,  or 
birth-mark,  c;  ichthyosis,  or  fish-skin  dis¬ 
ease,  887,  1  c;  scleroderma,  2  a;  morphcea, 
b ;  hypertrophy  of  hair,  c ;  albinos  and  leu- 
coderma,  888,  2  a;  baldness,  b;  diseased 
hair,  c ;  keloid,  889,  1  a ;  fibroma,  ab ;  xan¬ 
thoma,  xanthelasma,  and  vitiligoidea,  b ;  lu¬ 
pus,  c;  scrofuloderma  and  rhinoscleroma, 

2  c ;  epithelioma,  890,  1  a ;  sarcoma,  c. 
Skobeleff,  Mikhail  Dimitrivevitch,  Russian 

general,  XV.  890 ;  XIV.  893,  1  a,  2  a. 

Slade,  spirit  medium,  exposed,  X.  856,  1  c. 
Slocum,  American  soldier,  II.  804,  2  a;  at 
Bentonville,  808,  1  c. 

Small-pox ,  as  a  skin  disease,  XV.  880,  1  ab. 
Smart,  John,  British  painter,  XV.  890. 

Smillie.  I.  James,  American  engraver,  XV. 
891.  II.  James  D.,  American  painter,  ib. 
III.  George  H.,  American  painter,  ib. 

Smith ,  Edwin ,  of  the  IT.  S.  coast  survey,  XVI. 
846,  2  c. 

Smith ,  Francis  S.,  American  writer,  XIV.  897, 
2  a. 

Smith,  G.  K.,  coal  operator,  killed  at  Auden- 
ried  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI.  896,  2  a,  c. 
Smith,  William,  English  scholar.  His  diction¬ 
ary  of  the  Bible,  VIII.  837,  2  b. 

Smyth,  G.  P.,  director  of  the  Edinburgh  ob¬ 
servatory,  XII.  845,  1  b. 

Snelus,  metallurgist,  XV.  899,  1  a. 

Snow,  colored,  V.  824,  1  b. 

Sofia  [so-fe'-a],  capital  of  Bulgaria,  III.  803,  1  a. 
Solar  engines :  see  Engines,  Solar. 

Solitaire,  a  game,  XIV.  882,  2  a. 

Solovieff,  nihilist,  XII.  835,  2  b.  His  attempt 
on  the  life  of  Alexander  II.,  838,  1  be. 
Somerville,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c; 
population,  882,  1  b. 

Sonntag,  William  Louis,  American  painter, 

XV.  891. 

Sontag,  Henriette  [zun-takh],  German  singer, 

XVI.  855,  1  b. 

Sothern,  E.  A.  [su^A'-ern],  American  actor,  IV. 

817,  2  a;  XIV.  886,  2  a. 

South  Bend ,  Ind.,  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Soutii  Carolina,  XV.  891.  Population  and 


848 


SPAFFORD 


STRATEGOS 


agricultural  products,  2  b;  finances,  c; 
schools,  892, 1  a  ;  charities,  2  a ;  agricultural 
reports,  c;  phosphates,  893,  1  b;  fish,  c; 
debt,  2  a ;  chief  places,  b ;  forests  in,  YII. 
850,  2  c,  851,  2  c. 

Spafford,  M.  II.  G.,  founder  of  the  Over  comers , 
XII.  858,  1  a. 

Spectrophone ,  XIV.  884,  2  ab. 

Speer ,  Alfred,  American  inventor.  His  mova¬ 
ble  platform,  VI.  829,  2  a. 

Spencer  &  Eaton ,  telescope  makers,  XV.  914, 

1  be. 

Spill,  Daniel,  English  inventor,  IV.  802,  1  c. 
Sparer,  Dr.,  director  of  the  Potsdam  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  846,  1  a. 

Springfield,  Ill.,  IX.  844,  1  a. 

Springfield,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ; 
population  of,  882,  1  b;  steam  heating  of, 
XV.  899,  1  b. 

Springfield,  Mo.,  XI.  895,  2  b. 

Springfield,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Spruce  forests,  VII.  850, 1  b,  2  be,  852, 1  c,  853, 

2  c ;  Engelmann’s,  854,  1  a. 

Squares,  magic,  XIV.  878,  1  a. 

Stalac' tites,  in  Luray  cavern,  X.  866,  1  b  (ill.), 
2  a,  c,  867,  la,  2  a,  1  c,  868,  1  a;  Hollow- 
Column,  c,  2  a;  in  Newmarket  Cave,  XII. 
832,  2  a. 

Stalag'mites,  in  Luray  cavern,  X.  866,  1  b,  867, 
1  a,  868,  1  ab. 

Stamford,  Conn.,  V.  811,  1  c. 

Stark,  German  electrician,  VI.  807,  2  c. 

Starr,  J.  W.,  American  electrician.  His  in¬ 
candescent  light,  VI.  823,  1  c. 

Stars,  double  and  binary,  XV.  893 ;  discov¬ 
erers  of,  2  b;  table  of,  894;  stellar  parallax, 

1  be;  clusters,  c;  proper  motion,  2  c;  new 
stars,  895,  1  b;  variable  stars,  c;  photo¬ 
graphs,  2  a;  star  catalogues,  be;  uranome- 
try,  896,  1  b. 

Statues,  by  Bernhardt,  II.  809, 1  b  ;  by  Boehm, 
816,  2  b;  by  Jackson,  IX.  854,  1  b;  in  Len¬ 
ox  library,  X.  861,  1  a;  by  Lewis,  c;  by 
Macdonald,  868,  2  b ;  by  Monti,  XI.  897,  2 
c ;  by  Phidias,  XIV.  896,  2  c ;  by  Simart, 
XV.  879,  2  b;  by  Simmons,  XV.  880,  1  a; 
by  Steell,  900,  1  c ;  of  Stevens,  2  b. 
Staunton,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Steam  Heating,  XV.  896 ;  first  attempts  at, 

2  c;  difficulties  in,  897,  1  b;  boilers,  be; 
automatic  injector,  2  a ;  in  the  British  houses 
of  parliament,  b ;  experiments  in,  at  the 
Centennial  Exhibition,  c;  Walker’s  heater, 
898,  1  a;  other  heaters,  b;  Holly  system,  c. 


Stebbins ,  B.  P .,  American  explorer,  discovers 
Luray  cavern,  X.  866,  1  a. 

Stedman,  Edmund  Clarence,  American  poet, 
VI.  802,  1  a. 

Steel,  dephosphorization  of,  XV.  899  ;  diffi¬ 
culties  in,  1  c ;  various  methods,  2  a ;  the 
Thomas-Gilchrist  method,  b  ;  economy  of  it, 
900,  1  b;  manufactures,  IV.  811,  1  c;  prod¬ 
ucts,  2  c,  812,  1  a ;  method  of  cutting,  VII. 
856,  1  a. 

Steell,  Sir  John,  Scotch  sculptor,  XV.  900. 

Steinheil  [stine-hile],  telescope  maker,  XV. 
915,  1  a,  b,  c. 

Steller,  Geo .  Wilhelm,  naturalist  and  surgeon, 
I.  817,  2  c. 

Stephan,  director  of  the  Marseilles  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  846,  2  a;  XV.  914,  1  a,  915,  1  a. 

Stephenson,  Robert,  English  engineer,  VIII. 
837,  2  ab. 

Steubenville,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Stevens,  Alfred,  Belgian  painter,  XV.  900. 

Stevens,  Alfred,  English  sculptor,  XV.  900. 

Stevens ,  Thaddeus ,  American  statesman,  XV. 
922,  1  b. 

Steward  collection  of  stone  implements,  XII. 
825,  2  a. 

Stewart ,  Gen.,  occupies  Candahar,  I.  811,  1  ab; 
begins  a  return  march  to  India,  812,  1  a. 

Stikine  river,  Alaska,  I.  814,  2  a. 

Stillwater,  Minn.,  XI.  894,  1  a. 

Stirling,  James  Hutchinson,  British  author, 
XV.  900. 

Stockholm  observatory,  XII.  846, 1  c ;  XV.  915, 
1  be. 

Stockton,  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 

Stolietojf,  Gen.,  Russian.  Well  received  by 
Shere  Ali,  I.  810,  1  be. 

Stone,  E.  J.,  director  of  the  Radcliffe  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  1  a,  2  b ;  XV.  894,  2  c,  915, 
1  b. 

Stone,  Marcus,  English  painter,  XV.  900. 

Stone,  O.,  director  of  the  Cincinnati  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  844,  2  ab.  His  list  of  double 
stars,  XV.  893,  2  b,  896,  1  a,  819,  1  c. 

Stonehenge,  druidical  temple  at,  XIV.  897,  1  a. 

Stonyhur&t  observatory,  XII.  845,  1  c. 

Storey,  George  Adolphus,  English  painter, 
XV.  901. 

Strasburg  observatory  [strass-boorg],  XII.  846, 
1  a;  XV.  914,  1  b. 

Strategos,  American  game  of  war,  XV.  901 ; 
inventor  of,  1  b ;  outfit  for,  c ;  minor  tacti¬ 
cal  game,  2  b ;  grand  tactical,  strategical,  and 
topographical  games,  902,  1  a ;  military  his- 


STREETER 

tory,  ab ;  battle  game,  b ;  advanced  game, 
2  a. 

Streeter ,  Leander  E .,  American  inventor,  IV 
802,  1  a,  b. 

Strong,  IF.,  American  judge,  VI.  814,  1  a; 
815,  1  b. 

Struve,  Friedrich  Georg  Wilhelm  von  [stroo'- 
fbli],  Russian  astronomer,  XV.  893,  2  be,  c, 
894,  1  a,  906,  1  ab. 

Struve,  Otto  Wilhelm  von  [stroo'-feh],  Russian 
astronomer,  XII.  844,  2  b,  845,  2  a ;  director 
of  the  Pultova  observatory,  846,  1  b;  XV. 
893,  c,  894,  1  a,  2  b,  914,  1  b,  915,  1  b. 
Stuart,  Gilbert  Charles,  American  painter,  X 
861,  1  a. 

Stuart,  James  E.  B.,  American  soldier,  XV. 
902. 

Suez  canal,  completion  of,  VI.  809,  1  c,  812, 

1  c. 

Suffrage,  woman's,  XVI.  845,  1  c,  858,  1  b. 
Sugar,  of  Florida,  VII.  845,  2  ab ;  of  Georgia, 
858,  1  c ;  of  Louisiana,  X.  865,  2  a ;  of  Mis¬ 
sissippi,  XI.  894,  1  ab ;  of  South  Carolina, 
XV.  891,  2  be,  892,  2  c;  of  Texas,  918,  1  c, 
919,  2  c,  920,  1  a. 

Suleiman  Pasha  [soo-la-man'],  in  the  Russo- 
Turkish  war,  XIV.  892,  2  b,  c,  893,  1  a 

2  b. 

Sullivan,  Arthur  S.,  English  composer,  VII 
865,  1  c. 

Sullivax,  Barry,  English  actor,  XV.  902. 
Sumbul,  or  musk-root,  XV.  903. 

Sumner,  Charles,  American  statesman,  I.  813, 

2  a ;  funeral  oration  on,  X.  856,  1  b. 

Sun.  Minute  structure  of  the  photosphere,  XV. 
903 ;  solar  photography,  1  c ;  solar  spots, 

2  b  ;  table  of  spots,  c ;  magnetic  observa¬ 
tions,  904,  1  b  ;  solar  spectrum,  2  b ;  oxygen 
in  the  sun,  905,  1  b;  solar  corona,  c;  solar 
parallax,  2  a;  solar  temperature,  906,  1  b; 
solar  eclipses  of  1878,  2  b;  of  1869-75,  907? 

1  b;  of  1882,  2  b. 

Sun  lamp,  an  electric  voltaic-arc  lamp  VI 
821,  2  (ills.). 

Sutton,  Henry,  Australian  electrician,  VI  816 

1  b. 

Swan,  English  electrician,  VI.  823,  2  b,  824,  1 
a,  826,  2  c ;  report  on  his  lamp,  828,  1  a ; 
his  lamps  to  be  introduced  by  the  Brush  Co 

2  a.  ’’ 

Sweat,  excessive  secretion  of,  XV.  882,  2  a ; 
bloody,  886,  1  b,  2  a. 

Swedenborg.  His  nebular  hypothesis,  XII.  828 
1  b. 


TELEGRAPHY 


849 


Swedish  movement  cure:  see  Massage,  XI 
882. 

Swift,  Lewis,  American  astronomer,  XV.  907; 

XIII.  863,  2  b,  c,  864,  la;  XV.  914,  1  b. 
Swill-milk,  IV.  799,  2  c. 

Swing,  David,  American  clergyman,  XV.  908. 
Swisshelm,  Jane  Grey,  American  journalist, 
XV.  908. 

Sycamore,  tree,  VII.  852,  1  a. 

Sycosis ,  skin  disease,  XV.  885,  2  b. 

Sydney  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 

Syene  [si-e'-ne],  granite  of,  XII.  841,  2  a,  c, 
842,  1  a. 

Syphilis,  skin  disease,  XV.  880,  1  b ;  origin  of, 
883,  1  b,  889,  1  c. 

Syracuse,  X.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 


Tacchini,  Prof.,  proposed  observatory  of,  XII. 
846,  2  a;  director  of  the  Roman  observa¬ 
tory,  b,  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Tacoma,  Washington  territory,  XVI.  851,  1  b. 
Taiko  Sama  [ti'-ko  sa'-ma] :  see  Hideyoshi 
(Index). 

Taillandiek,  Rene  Gaspard  Ernest  (Saint  Re¬ 
ne)  [ta-vang-de-a],  French  author,  XV.  908. 
Painter ,  Sumner,  inventor,  XIII.  862,  1  a; 

XIV.  883,  2  b,  884,  1  a,  2  a. 

Tallahassee,  Fla.,  VII.  847,  1  a. 

Tanaga ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2  c. 
Tanner ,  Henry  S.  His  forty  days’  fast,  VII. 

843,  1  a,  844,  1  b. 

Tatkeleff,  V ogisny,  Russian  painter,  XV.  909. 
Taunton,  Mass.,  valuation  of,  XI.  880,  2  c ;  popu¬ 
lation,  882,  1  b. 

Tavleyejf,  nihilist,  XII.  838,  1  b. 

Taylor,  Bayard,  American  author,  XIV.  889, 
2  a. 

Taylor,  Emma,  Trelawney’s  adopted  niece,  XV. 
922,  2  c. 

Tcherkasski,  Prince  Vladimir  [cher-kas-ke], 
founder  of  Panslavism,  XIII.  855,  2  c,  856, 

1  a,  b,  c,  2  a,  b. 

Tchernayeff,  Gen.,  Russian  soldier,  XIV.  891, 

2  b,  c. 

T cherny shevski ,  Russian  novelist  and  nihilist, 
XII.  836,  1  ab,  2  c. 

Tcherthoff,  chief  of  Kiev  police  administration, 
XII.  838,  1  b. 

Tehuantepec  [ta-wan-ta-paik7],  isthmus  of  Mex- 
ico,  projected  canal,  IX.  849,  1  a,  2  b,  851, 

1  b,  2  c. 

Telegraphy,  Edison’s  inventions  in,  VI.  807 
1  b. 


54 


850 


TELEPHONE 


TOPEKA 


Telephone,  an  apparatus  for  transmitting 
speech,  XY.  909;  acoustic,  1  c;  electric, 

2  a;  inventors  of,  b ;  Bell’s  (ills.),  c,  910,  912, 

1  a;  Gower’s,  2  a  (ill.),  911,  1  a;  Phelps’s, 
910,  2  c  (ill.),  911,  1  c  ;  “Pony-crown,”  (ill.), 

2  c;  Reiss’s,  912,  2  a  (ills.),  1  c,  2  c;  Edi¬ 
son’s,  911,  2  (ills.),  912,  1  b,  2  b;  extensive 
use  of,  913,  1  a;  distance  reached  by  the 
voice,  b ;  YI.  807,  2  a,  808,  1  a. 

Telescopes,  XV.  913  ;  Martins’s,  1  c  (ill.),  916, 

1  a;  at  Washington,  913,  2  a  (ill.),  c;  table 
of  reflectors,  914,  a;  of  refractors,  b,  c, 
915. 

Tempel,  of  the  Florence  observatory,  XY.  914, 

1  c,  915,  1  b. 

Temperature  of  the  sun ,  XY.  906,  1  b. 

Temple  observatory  at  Rugby ,  XII.  845,  1  c. 
Tennessee,  XY.  916.  Population  and  products, 

1  b;  finances,  c;  schools,  917,  1  a;  charities 
and  correction,  b ;  marble  quarries,  zinc, 
coal,  and  iron,  2  a;  railroads,  1  c,  2  c ;  silk¬ 
worm  and  colonies,  918,  1  a;  chief  places,  b  ; 
forests  in,  VII.  850,  2  c,  851,  2  c. 

Tenney ,  Dr.  Samuel ,  Y.  823,  1  b. 

Tenniel,  John,  English  draughtsman,  XY.  918. 
Tere'do ,  sea  worm,  VII.  852,  1  b ;  IX.  862,  2c. 
Tergukasojf, \  to.,  Russian  soldier,  XIY.  893, 

1  c. 

Terre  Haute ,  Ind.  [tair-ote],  IX.  846,  1  b. 

Tessie  du  Motay  [tes-se-a  du  mo-ta].  His  steel 
process,  XY.  899,  2  a. 

Texas,  XY.  918.  Population  and  products,  1  b; 
schools,  finances,  c;  sound  credit  of,  2  a; 
railroads  and  school  fund,  919,  la;  its  col¬ 
leges,  b ;  penitentiaries,  2  b ;  asylums,  ib. ; 
products,  c ;  boundary  question,  920,  1  a ; 
chief  places,  b ;  forests  of,  VII.  849,  1  c,  2  a, 
851,  1  c,  852,  2  c,  854,  1  a,  b. 

Theodore ,  king  of  Abyssinia,  XIY.  886,  1  b. 
Thermophone ,  XIY.  885,  1  c. 

Thiele ,  Dr.  [te'-la],  director  of  the  Copen¬ 
hagen  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c. 

Thirlwall ,  Bishop,  XII.  852,  2  b. 

Thlinkit ,  a  race  of  people  in  Alaska,  I.  815,  2. 
Thomas ,  inventor.  His  process  of  purifying 
steel,  XY.  899,  2  a. 

Thomas ,  Prof. ,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XY.  906, 

2  c. 

Thompson,  A.  Wordsworth,  American  painter, 
XY.  920. 

Thompson,  I.,  Cephas  G.,  American  painter, 
XY.  920.  II.,  Jerome,  American  painter,  2  a. 
Thompson ,  Maurice ,  American  archer,  I.  826, 
1  a.  His  report  on  the  healthfulness  of  arch¬ 


ery,  830,  1  c.  His  book  on  archery,  831, 

2  a. 

Thompson ,  Prof.  Sylvanus.  His  report  on 
Reiss’s  telephone,  XY.  912,  2  a. 

Thomson ,  Sir  William ,  electrician,  YI.  816, 

2  a. 

Thornburgh ,  Major ,  American  soldier,  killed 
by  the  Utes,  Y.  805,  2  c. 

Thorwaldsen ,  Bertel  [tor'-val-sen],  XY.  900, 

2  a. 

Thousand  Islands,  an  archipelago  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  XY.  920. 

Thurman ,  Allen  G .,  American  Senator,  YI. 

814,  la,  815,  1  b ;  succeeded  by  Garfield, 
VII.  856,  2  b ;  candidate  for  Governor  of 
Ohio,  YIII.  840,  1  a. 

Thymol,  thymic  acid,  XY.  921. 

Tidemand,  Adolph,  Norwegian  painter,  XY. 

921. 

Tiffany,  Louis  C.,  American  painter,  XY.  921. 
Tilden ,  Samuel  Jones ,  American  lawyer,  YI. 
813,  2  a,  814,  1  c,  2  a. 

Tinneh  [tin-na'],  a  race  of  people  in  Alaska,  I. 

815,  2  a,  c. 

Tite ,  tree,  VII.  851,  1  ab. 

Tobacco ,  crop  of  United  States,  IY.  809,  2  a; 
of  Georgia,  VII.  858,  1  c ;  of  Illinois,  IX. 
842,  lb;  of  Indiana,  844,  lb;  of  Iowa, 
847,  2  a ;  in  Kansas,  867,  2  ab  ;  of  Kentucky, 
869,  1  b  ;  of  Maryland,  XI.  878,  1  a  ;  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  879,  2  c ;  of  Mississippi,  894,  1  b ; 
of  Missouri,  2  a ;  of  New  Hampshire,  XII. 
829,  2  a;  of  New  Jersey,  830,  1  a;  of  North 
Carolina,  839,  1  b,  841,  1  a;  of  Ohio,  846, 
2c;  of  Pennsylvania,  XIII.  860,  1  c ;  of 
Tennessee,  XY.  916,  1  c;  of  Texas,  918,  1  c; 
of  Vermont,  XYI.  847,  2  b ;  of  Virginia,  849, 

1  b,  850,  1  ab ;  of  West  Virginia,  854,  1  a; 
of  Wisconsin,  855,  2  a. 

Todd,  D.  P.,  on  the  parallax  of  the  sun,  XY. 

905,  2  c,  906,  1  a ;  XYI.  846,  2  c. 

Todleben,  Gen.  [tote'-la-ben],  military  governor 
of  Odessa,  XII.  838,  1  c;  to  undertake  the 
reduction  of  Plevna,  XIV .  893,  1  a. 

Tole'do,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Tolstoi ,  Count,  Russian  minister  of  instruction, 
XII.  835,  2  b  ;  letter  to,  from  nihilists,  836, 

2  b ;  XIY.  895,  2  c. 

Tommasi,  Prof  [tom-mA-ze],  Italian  physician. 
His  researches  into  causes  of  Roman  fever, 
VII.  864,  1  c. 

Toole,  John  Lawrence,  English  comedian,  XY. 
921. 

Topelca ,  Kan.,  IX.  868,  2  c. 


TOTTEN 


VESUVIUS 


851 


Totten ,  C.  A.  L.,  American  soldier,  inventor 
of  “  Strategos,”  XV.  1  b. 

Toulba ,  Pasha ,  Egyptian  soldier,  banished 
with  Arabi  Ahmed  Pasha,  I.  821,  2  a;  com¬ 
mandant  at  Alexandria,  VI.  811,  2  a,  c; 
banished,  813,  1  b. 

Tourgee,  Albion  Winegar,  American  author, 
XV.  922. 

Trade  dollar ,  II.  813,  2  a. 

Trees,  forest,  VII.  847 ;  planted  in  Kansas,  IX. 
8G8,  2  b. 

Trelawny,  Edward  John,  English  author,  XV. 
922. 

Trenton ,  N.  J.,  XII.  831,  2  a,  832,  1  a. 

Trepoff. ’  Gen.,  prefect  of  St.  Petersburg,  XII. 
837,  2  c. 

Trichorexis  nodosa,  disease  of  tbe  hair,  XV. 
888,  2  c. 

Trotzki,  Gen.,  Russian  soldier,  XV.  890,  2  ab. 
Troughton,  telescope  maker,  XV.  915,  1  c. 
Trouvelot,  M.,  astronomer,  XIII.  864,  2  c,  865, 

1  a. 

Troy,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Troy  on,  Constant  [trwa-yong],  French  painter, 
V.  816,  2  a. 

Trumbull,  American  judge,  VI.  814,  1  b. 
Tsauchu:  see  Chukchi. 

Tucson,  Arizona  [took-sone'J,  I.  835,  2  b,  c; 
population,  836,  2  a. 

Tulley,  telescope  maker,  XV.  915,  1  b,  c. 
Turgeneff,  Ivan  [toor-ghen'-ef],  Russian  novel¬ 
ist,  on  nihilism,  XII.  836,  1  a. 

Turkey,  Bulgaria  freed  from,  III.  804,  1  b. 
Turner,  Joseph  Mallord  William,  English 
painter,  X.  860,  2  c. 

Turpentine,  production  of,  VII.  851,  1  be. 
Tyndall,  John,  British  natural  philosopher, 
upholds  the  germ  theory,  VII.  858,  1  b  ; 
his  discoveries  relating  to  traumatic  diseases, 
863,  1  a,  2  a;  on  light,  XIV.  883,  2  c,  884, 

2  c. 


JJlundi,  Zululand,  capture  of,  XVI.  861,  1  a, 
2  a. 

TJmnak,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818,  2 
c,  819,  2  a. 

Unalashka,  Alaska  [oo-na-lash-ka],  I.  813,  2  b; 
vegetation  in,  815,  1  a;  position  of,  816,  1 
b,  818,  2  c,  819,  1  c,  2  b. 

Unimak  [oo-ne-mak'J,  one  of  the  Aleutian  isl¬ 
ands,  I.  818,  2  c,  819,  2  a,  b. 

United  States  Military  Academy  observatory. 
XV.  915,  1  a. 


United  States  Naval  Academy  observatory, 
XV.  915,  1  b. 

Up' sal  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  c;  XV.  915, 
1  a. 

Uranus,  planet,  XIII.  862,  2  c,  863  (ill.). 

Utah,  territory,  XVI.  845 ;  cliff  dwellings  in, 

IV.  819,  1  c ;  forests  in,  VII.  852,  2  b. 

Utes,  North  American  Indians,  outbreak  of, 

V.  805,  2  b. 

Utica,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Valentiner ,  W.  [fa-len  teen'-er],  director  of 
the  Mannheim  observatory,  XII.  846,  1  a ; 
XV.  894,  1  c. 

Vallejo  [va-lya-ho],  Cal.,  III.  808,  1  a. 
Valparaiso,  Ind.  [val-pa-ri-so],  congregation  of 
Overcomers  at,  XII.  858,  2  b. 

Vancouver,  George ,  English  navigator,  I.  818, 

1  b. 

Vancouver  City,  Washington  territory,  XVI. 
851,  1  b. 

Vanloo  [vang-lo],  French  dramatist,  X.  855,  2  c. 
Van  Vleck ,  American  astronomer,  XV.  914, 
1  c. 

Varley,  artist,  XIV.  895,  1  b. 

Varna,  Bulgaria,  III.  803,  1  ab. 

Vassar  college,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  c. 
Vaughn,  H.  [vaw'an],  pedestrian,  XIII.  858, 

1  c. 

Vega,  Lope  de  [lo'-pa  da  va'-ga],  dramatist. 

Manuscript  of,  in  Lenox  library,  X.  860,  2  c. 
Velge.  His  steel  process,  XV.  899,  2  a. 

Venus,  transit  of,  XVI.  845  (ill.);  prepara¬ 
tions  for  observing,  2  b ;  solar  parallax,  c ; 
method  of  photographing  the  transit,  846 
(ill.) ;  parties  sent  out  by  United  States,  c ; 
superiority  of  the  American  method  of  pho¬ 
tography,  847, 1  a;  atmosphere  of  Venus,  c; 
XIII.  862,  2  c,  863  (ill.) ;  XV.  905,  2  b. 

Verdy  du  Vernois ,  Gen.  [vair-dy  dii  vair-nwa], 
German  soldier.  His  simplification  of  the 
Kriegsspiel,  X.  855,  1  c. 

Vermilion,  Dakota,  V.  822*  1  a. 

Vermont,  XVI.  847.  Population,  products, 
and  finances,  2  b ;  banks,  848, 1  b ;  financial 
condition,  c ;  farms,  2  a ;  prisons  and  schools, 
b ;  principal  places,  c ;  forests  in,  VII.  850, 

2  c. 

Vernet  [vair-na],  French  painter,  X.  861,  1  a. 
Verreaux  [vair-ro].  Collection  of  specimens 
of  natural  history,  XII.  825,  1  b. 

Vesuvius ,  atmospheric  phenomena  during  erup¬ 
tions  of,  V.  824,  2  b,  825,  1  a. 


852 


YIBERT 


WHISKEY 


Vibert,  Jehan  Georges  [ve-bair],  French  paint¬ 
er,  XYI.  849. 

Vicksburg,  Miss.,  XI.  894,  2  a. 

Victor  Emmanuel  II.,  king  of  Italy,  IX.  841, 
1  a. 

Vidin ,  Bulgaria,  III.  803,  1  ab. 

Vienna  observatory  [ve-en'-na],  XII.  846,  1  a; 

XY.  913,  2  a,  914,  1  b,  c,  915  1  c. 

Vincent ,  J.  H.,  secretary  of  the  Sunday-school 
department  of  the  Methodist  Church,  IY. 
813,  1  c. 

Vinci ,  Leonardo  da  [da  vin'-che].  Iiis  map- 
pemonde,  XI.  875,  2  c. 

Violle ,  on  the  solar  temperature,  XY.  906,  1  b. 
Virginia,  XYI.  849.  Population  and  products, 

1  b;  schools  and  debt,  c;  taxes,  prison,  and 
industries,  850,  1  a ;  exports,  b  ;  peanuts  and 
sweet  potatoes,  c  ;  wine  and  principal  places, 

2  a. 

Virginia  City ,  Nevada,  XII.  829,  2  a. 

Vitiligo ,  skin  disease,  XY.  888,  2  a. 
Vitiligoidea ,  skin  disease,  XY.  889,  1  b. 

Vogel ,  Dr.  [fo'-ghel],  on  the  nebulae,  XII.  826, 
2  c ;  director  of  the  observatory  at  Potsdam, 
846, 1  a ;  XY.  894,  1  c. 

Volcanoes ,  of  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b;  of  the  Aleu¬ 
tian  islands,  818,  2  c,  819,  1  b;  eruptions  of, 
in  Italy  and  Iceland,  Y.  823,  2  b. 

Voltaic  arc ,  electric  light,  YI.  817,  2  b. 

Von  Holst ,  Prof.,  of  the  Freiburg  university. 
IX.  865,  2  ab. 

Vsevidoff,  volcano,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b,  819, 1  b. 

Waco,  Texas  [wa'-ko],  university  and  college 
at,  XY.  919,  1  a;  population,  920,  1  b. 
Walker.  His  steam-heating  apparatus,  XY. 
898,  1  a. 

Walker,  Francis  A.,  superintendent  of  ninth 
U.  S.  census,  IY.  805,  1  b. 

Walker,  Prof. ,  of  Yale  college,  IX.  865,  2  b. 
Walla  Walla,  Washington  territory,  XYI.  851, 
1  b. 

Ward,  Genevieve,  American  actress,  XYI.  850. 
Waring,  English  archer,  I.  825,  1  b,  830,  1  b. 
Warner,  Charles  Dudley,  American  author, 
XIY.  886,  2  b. 

Warner,  H.  H.  His  observatory,  XY.  908, 1  b, 
c,  914,  1  b. 

War' saw  observatory ,  XY.  915,  1  c. 

Warwick,  R.  I.,  XIY.  888,  2  a. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  naval  observatory  at,  XII, 
844,  1  b;  XV.  894,  1  a,  914,  1  b,  915,  1  a. 
Washington,  Pa.,  crematory  at,  V.  817,  1  c. 


Washington,  territory,  XYI.  851.  Population, 

1  a  ;  chief  towns  and  financial  condition,  b  ; 
charities  and  correction,  and  assessed  values, 

2  a ;  resources,  b ;  saw-mills,  c  ;  ship-building 
and  railroads,  852,  1  a ;  forests  in,  VII.  852, 

1  b,  2  b,  c. 

Washington  university  at  St.  Louis,  observa¬ 
tory  of,  XY.  915,  1  c. 

Waterbury,  Conn.,  Y.  811,  1  c. 

Watertown,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

Watertown ,  Wis.,  XYI.  856,  2  c. 

Watson,  D.  A.,  American  citizen,  XY.  908,  2  a. 
Watson,  J.  C.,  astronomer,  XII.  844,  2  a;  XIII. 
863,  2  b,  c,  864,  1  a ;  XY.  914,  1  b ;  transit 
of  Yenus,  XYI.  846,  1  c. 

Watt,  James.  His  steam-heating  apparatus, 
XV.  896,  2  c. 

Waugh,  Alfred,  American  sculptor,  X.  868, 

2  b. 

Waugh,  Edwin,  English  poet,  XYI.  852. 
Weather  bulletin,  establishment  of,  I.  809,  1  be. 
Weir,  Harrison  William,  English  artist,  XYI. 
852. 

Weir,  Robert  Walter,  American  painter,  VII. 
857,  2  be. 

Welles,  Gideon,  American  statesman,  XYI. 
852.  His  praise  of  Lieut.  Cusbing,  Y.  820, 
2  be. 

Wellesley  College,  XYI.  852  (ill.);  descrip¬ 
tion  of  grounds,  2  b ;  buildings,  c ;  domes¬ 
tic  work  in,  853,  1  a ;  requirements,  b ;  its 
object,  c ;  course  of  study,  2  a. 

Wells  island,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands,  XY, 
920,  2  c. 

Wendell,  of  Bates  college,  XY.  915,  1  be. 
Werdermann.  His  electric  lamp  (ill.),  YI.  822. 

1  c,  2  a. 

Weston,  Edward  Payson,  pedestrian,  XIII.  857, 

2  c,  858,  2  a,  b,  859,  2  a,  860,  1  a. 

Weston  electric  lamp,  efficiency  of,  YI.  827. 
West  Point  observatory,  XY.  915,  1  a. 

West  Virginia,  XYI.  854.  Population,  prod¬ 
ucts,  and  finances,  1  a;  asylums,  a;  prisons 
and  principal  places,  2  a ;  forests  in,  VII.  850, 
2  c. 

WeyeVs  cave,  XII.  832,  1  a,  b. 

Whale  fishery,  in  Alaska,  I.  816,  2  c. 

Wheeler,  American  astronomer,  XIII.  863,  2  b. 
Wheeler,  William  A.,  American  statesman,  YI. 
813,  1  a. 

Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  XYI.  854,  2  a. 

Whipple,  G.  M.,  director  of  the  Kew  observa¬ 
tory,  XII.  845,  1  b. 

Whiskey,  produced  in  Kentucky,  IX.  869,  2  a. 


WHISTLER 


WYSE 


853 


WmsTLER,  James  Abbott  M‘Meill,  American 
painter,  XVI.  854. 

Whitman,  Walt,  American  poet,  XIV.  890, 1  b. 
Whitney,  Prof.,  of  Yale  college.  His  lectures, 
IX.  865,  2  b. 

Whittaker,  Frederick,  American  author.  His 
life  of  Gen.  Custer,  V.  821,  1  c. 
WniTTREDGE,  Worthington,  American  painter, 
XVI.  854. 

Whooping-cough,  remedy  for,  VIII.  837. 

Wilde,  S..  of  the  Montclair  (X.  J.)  observatory, 
XV.  915,  1  be. 

Wiley,  Prof.  Harvey  W.,  on  glucose,  VIII. 
834,  2  ab. 

Wilhelmj,  August  [vil'-helm-y’],  German  vio¬ 
linist,  XVI.  855. 

Wilkesbarre ,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Wilkie ,  Sir  David,  Scotch  painter,  X.  860,  2  c. 
Wilkinson,  Sir  Gardner ,  English  Egyptologist, 
XII.  841,  2  b,  842,  1  a. 

Willard  insane  asylum,  XII.  834,  2  b. 
Williams,  O.  P.  His  experiments  with  oleo¬ 
margarine,  XII.  851,  1  c. 

Williams  College  observatory,  XV.  915,  1  b. 
Williamsport,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  ab. 

Willis,  Gen.,  English  soldier,  VI.  812,  2  b. 
Willow,  tree,  VII.  853,  1  c. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  V.  828,  1  a. 

Wilmington,  X.  C.,  XII.  841,  1  a. 

Wilson,  English  astronomer,  XV.  893,  2  b,  915, 

1  ab. 

Wilson,  A.  D.,  discovers  habitations  of  cliff- 
dwellers,  IV.  818,  1  c. 

Wilson,  Andrew,  Smillie  studies  under,  in 
Edinburgh,  XV.  891,  1  a. 

Wilson,  Dr.  Erasmus,  undertakes  the  expense 
of  the  transport  of  Cleopatra’s  needle  to 
England,  XII.  842,  2  c. 

Wilson,  Sir  Rivers,  minister  of  finance  in 
Egypt,  VI.  809,  2  b,  c. 

Winchester,  Va.,  XVI.  850,  2  a. 

Windischgratz,  Prince  [vin'-dish-graits],  XIII. 
855,  1  c. 

Windom,  William,  American  statesman,  secre¬ 
tary  of  the  treasury,  VII.  856,  2  c. 

Windsor  castle,  statues  in,  II.  816,  2  b. 
Winnecke,  A.  [vin'-nek-eh],  German  astrono¬ 
mer.  His  comet,  V.  808,  2  a.  On  nebulge, 
XII.  827,  1  b.  Director  of  the  Strasburg 
observatory,  846,  1  a;  XV.  914,  1  b. 
Winnipeg,  capital  of  Manitoba,  XI.  876,  2  b. 
Winona,  Minn.,  XI.  894,  1  a. 

Winslow,  Charles  T.,  American  physician,  V. 
817,  2  be. 


Wisconsin,  XVI.  855.  Population  and  prod¬ 
ucts,  2a;  finances,  b ;  debt,  856, 1  a ;  schools, 
b ;  charities  and  correction,  c ;  insurance  and 
railroads,  2  b ;  principal  places,  c ;  forests 
in,  VII.  851,  1  a. 

Wolf,  French  astronomer,  XV.  894,  1  c, 
2  c. 

Wolf  Dr.,  director  of  the  Zurich  observatory. 
His  collection  of  drawings  of  the  sun,  XIII. 
863,  2  b ;  on  solar  spots,  XV.  903,  2  b,  904, 

1  a,  2  a,  915,  1  c. 

Wolfe  island,  one  of  the  Thousand  islands,  XV. 
920,  2  c. 

Wolfe,  Miss.  Her  present  to  the  Museum  of 
Xatural  History,  XII.  825,  1  c. 

Wolseley,  Sir  Garnet  [woolz'-le],  British  sol- 
dies,  sent  against  Arabi  Ahmed  Pasha,  I. 
821,  1  c;  before  Alexandria,  VI.  812,  1  c, 

2  c;  appointed  governor  of  Xatal,  XVI. 
860,  2  c,  861,  2  a. 

Woman's  suffrage,  XVI.  845,  1  c,  858,  1  b. 
Wood,  geologist.  His  discoveries  at  Leadville, 
X.  858,  2  c,  859,  1  a. 

Wood,  Col.  Evelyn,  British  soldier,  XVI.  860, 

1  b,  c,  861,  1  a,  b. 

Wood,  John  George,  English  naturalist,  XVI. 
857. 

Wood,  Mrs.  Henry,  English  novelist,  XVI. 
856. 

Wool,  manufactures  of,  IV.  811 ;  of  Texas,  XV. 
919,  2  c,  920,  1  a;  of  Washington  territory, 
XVI.  851,  2  b. 

Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  XIV.  888,  2  a. 

Worcester,  Mass,  [woos'-ter],  valuation  of,  XI. 
880,  2  c ;  population,  882,  1  b ;  observatory 
of,  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Worthington,  observatory  of,  XV.  914,  1  a. 
Wratislaw,  Albert  Henry,  English  scholar, 
XVI.  857. 

Wren,  William,  killed  by  Molly  Maguires,  XI. 
896,  2  ab. 

Wright,  Gen.,  American  soldier,  at  Cedar 
Creek,  IV.  801,  1  ab,  b,  c;  president  of  the 
board  of  commissioners  to  investigate  the 
jetty  system,  IX.  857,  2  b. 

Wright ,  Prof,  on  the  sun’s  eclipse,  XV.  907, 

1  a. 

Wyoming  Territory,  XVI.  857.  Population, 

1  c ;  resources,  2  a ;  assessed  values,  b ;  cattle 
and  coal,  c;  irrigation  and  soil,  858,  1  a; 
schools,  railroads,  and  woman’s  suffrage,  b. 
Wyse,  French  naval  officer,  makes  examination 
for  an  isthmus  canal,  IX.  849,  1  b,  2  a,  b,  c, 
851,  1  a,  c,  2  b,  852,  2  c. 


ZYMOTIC  DISEASES 


i 


854  XANTHELASMA 

Xanthelasma ,  skin  disease,  XV.  889,  1  b. 

Xanthoma ,  skin  disease,  XV.  889,  1  b. 

Yale  College  observatory ,  XV.  915,  1  a. 

Yankton ,  Dakota,  V.  822,  1  a. 

Yonkers ,  N.  Y.,  XII.  835,  1  b. 

York ,  Pa.,  XIII.  861,  2  b'. 

Yost ,  policeman  of  Thmaqua,  killed  by  the 
Molly  Maguires ,  XI.  896,  1  c,  2  ab,  c. 

Young ,  Pro/!  (7.  A.,  of  Princeton  college,  N. 
J.,  XV.  895,  2  b,  905,  1  a,  906,  2  c ;  on  the 
sun’s  corona,  907,  2  b,  c ;  XVI.  847,  1  a,  c. 

Young ,  Sir  Allen ,  English  naval  officer,  sails 
for  the  Arctic  regions,  I.  832,  1  b. 

Youngstoicn ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Yukon  river ,  Alaska,  I.  814,  1  b,  c,  815,  1  b,  c, 
816,  1  a. 

Yunaska ,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  I.  818, 
2  c. 

Zanesville ,  Ohio,  XII.  848,  2  b. 

Zenana,  woman’s  home  in  India,  XVI.  858 ; 


description  of,  1  b ;  head  of,  c ;  furniture  of, 
2  a ;  woman’s  dress,  ib. ;  widows,  b ;  Chris¬ 
tian’s  entrance  into,  c. 

Zeus ,  Temple  of  [zuce],  I.  822,  2  c,  823,  1  a. 

Zirkle ,  Reuben ,  explorer  of  Newmarket  cave, 
XII.  832,  1  a.  ‘ 

Zola,  Emile,  French  novelist,  XVI.  859. 

Zollner  [tsol'-ner],  astronomer,  XIII.  862,  2  c. 

Zooloos :  see  Zulus ,  II.  805,  1  c. 

Zttluland,  the  war  in,  XVI.  859;  cause  of, 
1  b;  English  award  in  Zululand,  c;  forces 
on  both  sides,  2  a;  confederation  scheme,  b; 
British  pretext  for  the  war,  c;  disposition 
of  the  British  forces,  860,  1  a ;  efficiency  of 
the  Zulu  soldiers,  c;  English  mistakes  and 
losses,  2  a ;  disaster  to  the  camp  of  Isand- 
lana,  b ;  reenforcements,  c ;  disposition  of 
them,  861,  1  a;  British  victory,  b;  capture 
of  Ulundi,  2  a;  capture  of  Cetewayo,  b. 

Zulus ,  IV.  812,  2  b. 

Zurich  observatory  [tsii'-rich],  XV.  903,  2  b, 
915,  1  c. 

Zymotic  diseases ,  VII.  861,  1  a. 


THE  END. 


/ 


*  . 


IIIK  ■, 


. 


* 

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3  0112  057099142 


